title: Determination of extended-interval gentamicin dosing for neonatal patients in developing countries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infectious diseases account for an estimated 36% of neonatal deaths globally. The purpose of this study was to determine safe, effective, simplified dosing regimens of gentamicin for treatment of neonatal sepsis in developing countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonates with suspected sepsis in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Christian Medical College and Hospital (CMC), Vellore, India (n = 49), and Dhaka Shishu Hospital (DSH), Bangladesh (n = 59), were administered gentamicin intravenously according to the following regimens: (1) 10 mg every 48 hours for neonates <2000 g; (2) 10 mg every 24 hours for neonates 2000-2249 g; and (3) 13.5 mg every 24 hours for neonates > or =2500 g. Serum gentamicin concentration (SGC) at steady state and pharmacokinetic indices were determined. Renal function was followed while under treatment and hearing was examined 6 weeks to 3 months after discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All neonates, except 1 weighing 2000-2249 g at DSH, had a peak SGC >4 microg/mL. Overall, 5 (10%) and 17 (29%) infants had a peak SGC level > or =12 microg/mL from CMC and DSH, respectively, and 10 (20%) and 4 (7%) cases from CMC and DSH, respectively, had a trough SGC level > or =2 microg/mL. However, no infant <2000 g had a trough SGC level > or =2 microg/mL. We found no evidence of gentamicin nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Safe, therapeutic gentamicin dosing regimens were identified for treatment of neonatal sepsis in developing country settings. Administration of these doses could be simplified through use of Uniject, a prefilled, single injection device designed to make injections safe and easy to deliver in developing country settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. gdarmsta@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Darmstadt
authors.forename: M Monir
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.forename: Atanu Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Jana
authors.forename: Samir K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.forename: Yoonjoung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sridhar
authors.forename: Niranjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miller-Bell
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aranda
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coffey
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001459:Bangladesh; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006320:Hearing Tests; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins