title: Maintained malnutrition produces a progressive decrease in (OPG)/RANKL ratio and leptin levels in patients with anorexia nervosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) are key factors in bone remodeling in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and osteopenia. The purpose of this study was to investigate basal serum levels of OPG, RANKL and leptin, as well as bone mineral density (BMD) measured by DEXA at lumbar vertebrae L1-L4, and their evolution during one year in two groups of patients with AN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Group I included 10 adolescent girls suffering from malnutrition and secondary amenorrhea with an evolution of more than one year at the beginning of the study who received oral estrogen treatment throughout the follow-up period. Group II comprised 10 girls with malnutrition and secondary amenorrhea with an evolution of less than one year who received nutritional treatment only. All parameters were compared with those of a control group of 19 healthy, age-matched girls with normal BMI and regular menstrual cycles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The OPG/RANKL ratio was significantly decreased (p<0.05) after 1 year in group I, a fact that was due to an increase (p<0.05) in serum RANKL values. A correlation between OPG/RANKL and BMD was found in group I at the beginning of the study (r = 0.95; p<0.001). Patients in this group showed lower BMD values (p<0.01), both at diagnosis and at the end of the study, than those of group II patients, who showed normal BMD values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decrease in the OPG/RANKL ratio in girls with AN could partly explain the increase in bone loss that occurs in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Calvo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Barrios
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: García de Alvaro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lefort
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Méndez-Dávila
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Argente
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de la Piedra
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015519:Bone Density; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004958:Estradiol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000503:physiopathology; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000097:blood*; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000097:blood*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; D012016:Reference Values; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C515448:LEPR protein, human; D020738:Leptin; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; D004958:Estradiol