title: Neuropeptide precursors in Tribolium castaneum.
abstract: Neuropeptides and neurohormones are among the more diverse and functionally important classes of cell-to-cell signaling molecules involved in animal development and behavior. Less is known about the hormones and neuropeptides of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, than many other insects. However, the genomic information becoming available from this organism presents an opportunity to identify multiple neuropeptide and hormone genes, and hence their associated protein precursors. Using similarity-based prediction, we report new neuropeptides and hormone precursors from T. castaneum, bringing the number of annotated precursors to 37. We identified one prohormone (SVDPIDGDLIG-containing) having little similarity to other insect prohormones. The conversion of the protein precursors into bioactive peptides requires a suite of processing enzymes and a number of enzymatic steps; using the web-based NeuroPred application and similarity-based bioinformatics approaches, we predict 132 likely peptides that may result from the enzymatic processing of these gene products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and The Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
authors.forename: Andinet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amare
authors.forename: Jonathan V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Sweedler
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019295:Computational Biology; D007301:Insect Hormones / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014231:Tribolium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D007301:Insect Hormones; D009479:Neuropeptides; D011498:Protein Precursors; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D011506:Proteins