title: Noise-enhanced postural stability in subjects with functional ankle instability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of stochastic resonance (SR) stimulation on the postural stability of subjects with functional ankle instability (FAI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental research design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sports medicine research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 subjects with FAI who reported a history of recurrent ankle sprains and "giving way" sensations at the ankle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects performed 20 s single-leg balance tests under SR stimulation at 0.05 mA and 0.01 mA and under control conditions. Testing order was randomised. Stimulators that delivered subsensory stimulation to ankle muscles and ligaments were worn. Subjects were blinded to the test conditions, as SR stimulation was subsensory and stimulators were turned off during the control condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anterior/posterior and medial/lateral centre-of-pressure velocities (COPVs) were combined to form a resultant vector (COPV-R). The COPV-R differences between the optimal SR stimulation and control conditions were analysed. Optimal SR stimulation was defined as the SR stimulation input intensity level (0.05 mA or 0.01 mA) that produced the greatest percentage improvement in postural stability compared with the control condition. Slower velocities indicated enhanced postural stability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The optimal input intensity was 0.05 mA for nine subjects and 0.01 mA for the other three. The optimal SR stimulation significantly (p<0.05) improved COPV-R compared with the control condition (6.60 (1.06) vs 7.20 (1.03) cm/s; mean (SD)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SR stimulation may enhance signal detection of sensorimotor signals associated with postural stability. This result has clinical relevance as improvements in postural instability associated with FAI may decrease ankle sprain injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Human Performance, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1015 W Main St, PO box 842020, Richmond, VA 23284-2020, USA. seross@vcu.edu
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation