title: Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, and tubal factor infertility--a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the presence of M. genitalium and C. trachomatis in women attending fertility clinics and to follow these women for the effects of previous infections or tubal damage on pregnancy rate and outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fertility clinics and university.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred twelve couples attending fertility clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood and cervical swab samples from the women. Tubal status was assessed by culdoscopy and/or laparoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence of M. genitalium and C. trachomatis was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against M. genitalium and C. trachomatis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One swap sample was positive to C. trachomatis and none positive to M. genitalium. Thirty of the 194 women had tubal factor infertility (TFI); 23% and 17% of women with TFI had antibodies to C. trachomatis and M. genitalium, respectively, compared with 15% and 4%, respectively, of women with normal tubes; 36% and 14% of women with a self-reported history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) were seropositive to C. trachomatis and M. genitalium, respectively, compared with 10% and 6%, respectively, of women without past PID.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A strong antibody response against M. genitalium or C. trachomatis but no sign of current or chronic infection was found in women with TFI, indicating that previous infections caused by these microorganisms may have resulted in permanent damage and occlusion of the fallopian tubes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Aarhus, Arhus, Denmark. helle@svenstrup.net
authors.forename: Helle Friis
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Svenstrup
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fedder
authors.forename: Sven Erik
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kristoffersen
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trolle
authors.forename: Svend
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Birkelund
authors.forename: Gunna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Christiansen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015984:Causality; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis; D015897:Comorbidity; D003718:Denmark; D005184:Fallopian Tube Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D045704:Mycoplasma genitalium; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors