title: The sex differences of cerebrospinal fluid levels of interleukin 8 and antioxidants in asphyxiated newborns.
abstract: Newborn males are more sensitive to brain injury than newborn females are. The aim of the present study was to find an explanation for this. We used the neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the classification of 32 newborns (19 males and 13 females) on their fifth postnatal day. The NSE levels were higher than normal (8.4 +/- 1.6 ng/mL) in 10 newborn males and 6 females and were, respectively, considered asphyxiated male and female groups. The remaining newborns, 9 males and 7 females, had normal CSF levels of NSE and were considered normal newborn male and female groups. The CSF samples were measured for 12 cytokines, using a cytokine array kit, and for total hydroperoxide and biological antioxidant potentials (BAPs), using the free radical analytic system. Among the 12 cytokines measured, only interleukin 8 (IL-8) was properly detected. The CSF levels of IL-8 were higher in the asphyxiated newborn females than in the other three groups. The mean CSF levels of BAPs in the asphyxiated newborn females were higher compared with the other three groups, but significance was detected only in comparison with the BAP levels in the CSF samples of the normal newborn males. There were no differences in total hydroperoxide levels among the groups. There are sex-related differences in the CSF levels of IL-8 and antioxidants in asphyxiated newborns, with higher levels in newborn females; this might contribute in the sexual dimorphism regarding the fact that females have better protection from brain injury than the males.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology and Congenital Disorders, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Misuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan. hamed@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Mohamed Hamed
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.forename: Ghada A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Daoud
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kakita
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murai
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Taihei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Sumio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Ineko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Hisanori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sobajima
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Togari
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016209:Interleukin-8