title: Telomerase activity in sputum and telomerase and its components in biopsies of advanced lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we explored the diagnostic utility of sputum telomerase activity as a non-invasive biomarker of lung cancer. In biopsies of lung cancer, the relationship of telomerase activity to telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and telomerase RNA component (hTERC) and to c-Myc expression was also evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paired biopsy and sputum samples were evaluated for telomerase activity by the telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay in 34 cases of lung cancer and in 30 control subjects without any evidence of lung cancer. hTERT and hTERC transcript expression was evaluated in 42 cases of lung cancer and compared to telomerase activity and c-Myc transcript expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Telomerase activity was present in 85.2% of biopsies and in 67.6% of paired sputum with a good concordance. Three out of the 30 negative controls showed a weak telomerase activity, all of whom had sarcoidosis. Thus, sputum telomerase activity had sensitivity, specificity, Negative Predictive Value and Positive Predictive Value of 67.6%, 90%, 71% and 88.46%, respectively. The hTERT levels correlated to the telomerase activity but not to the c-Myc oncogene expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In lung cancer, sputum telomerase activity is a candidate non-invasive biomarker of malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160 012, India.
authors.forename: Teena
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pasrija
authors.forename: Radhika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Digambar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Behera
authors.forename: Siddhartha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majumdar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001706:Biopsy; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013183:Sputum / Q000201:enzymology*; D019098:Telomerase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C422952:telomerase RNA; D012313:RNA; D019098:Telomerase