title: Jasmonate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana requires peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzymes--additional proof by properties of pex6 and aim1.
abstract: Jasmonic acid (JA) is an important regulator of plant development and stress responses. Several enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of JA from alpha-linolenic acid have been characterized. The final biosynthesis steps are the beta-oxidation of 12-oxo-phytoenoic acid. We analyzed JA biosynthesis in the Arabidopsis mutants pex6, affected in peroxisome biogenesis, and aim1, disrupted in fatty acid beta-oxidation. Upon wounding, these mutants exhibit reduced JA levels compared to wild type. pex6 accumulated the precursor OPDA. Feeding experiments with deuterated OPDA substantiate this accumulation pattern, suggesting the mutants are impaired in the beta-oxidation of JA biosynthesis at different steps. Decreased expression of JA-responsive genes, such as VSP1, VSP2, AtJRG21 and LOX2, following wounding in the mutants compared to the wild type reflects the reduced JA levels of the mutants. By use of these additional mutants in combination with feeding experiments, the necessity of functional peroxisomes for JA-biosynthesis is confirmed. Furthermore an essential function of one of the two multifunctional proteins of fatty acid beta-oxidation (AIM1) for wound-induced JA formation is demonstrated for the first time. These data confirm that JA biosynthesis occurs via peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation machinery.
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Natural Product Biotechnology, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle/S., Germany.
authors.forename: Carolin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delker
authors.forename: Bethany K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Zolman
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Miersch
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wasternack
mesh_terms: D000074183:ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D003903:Deuterium; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009154:Mutation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D054883:Oxylipins
chemical_list: C401414:AIM1 protein, Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D054883:Oxylipins; C025999:12-oxophytodienoic acid; C011006:jasmonic acid; D003903:Deuterium; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D000074183:ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities; C490761:PEROXIN6 protein, Arabidopsis