title: [Noninvasive laser therapy for skin superficial venous malformations with long pulsed Nd:YAG laser].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Conventional therapies for skin superficial venous malformations have demonstrated poor efficacy and many side effects. This prospective study assessed the effectiveness and safety of noninvasive long pulsed 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser therapy for superficial venous malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients, aged 9 months to 67 years, skin types III, with skin superficial venous malformations were treated with the Nd:YAG laser at fluences of 140 - 150 J/cm2, with 6 mm spot size and double pulse model(pulse width 7 - 8ms, interpulse interval 20 ms). Contact cooling was used to protect epiderm. Patients were examined 1 month and 6 months after the last treatment. Results Were graded as percent clearance in five groups: 0%, 1% - 25%, 26% - 50%, 51% - 75%, 76% - 100%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two patients completed the study with maximal 5 treatment sessions. At 6 months after the final session, 76% - 100% clearance was observed in 96.3% of the treated sites, 100% improvement was observed in 37% of the treated sites. Pain during treatment was variably perceived by patients. Transient erythema were seen in 8 (38.1%) patients, but could resolve in 1 day to 1 month. None of patients have purpura, permanent pigmentation change and scarring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Noninvasive long pulsed 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser is effective and safe enough for the treatment of skin superficial venous malformations and selectively remove superficial vessels. The side effects are minimal while ideal cosmetic results can be achieved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xiao-Xi
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yun-Bo
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-Jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D055815:Young Adult