title: Lymphoid reservoirs of antigen-specific memory T helper cells.
abstract: How vaccines control the development of antigen-specific effector and memory T helper cells is central to protective immunity but remains poorly understood. Here we found that protein vaccination selected high-affinity, CXCR5+ICOS(hi) follicular B-helper T cells (T(FH) cells) that developed in draining lymphoid tissue to regulate B cell responses. In the memory phase, reservoirs of antigen-specific CXCR5+ICOS(lo) T(FH) cells persisted with less effector activity but accelerated antigen-recall ability. This new compartment of memory T(FH) cells was retained in draining lymphoid sites with antigen-specific memory B cells, persistent complexes of peptide and major histocompatibility complex class II and continued expression of CD69. Thus, protein vaccination promotes B cell immunity by selecting high-affinity effector T(FH) cells and creating lymphoid reservoirs of antigen-specific memory T(FH) cells in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fazilleau
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Eisenbraun
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Malherbe
authors.forename: Jessica N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Ebright
authors.forename: Rebecca R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Pogue-Caley
authors.forename: Louise J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: McHeyzer-Williams
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: McHeyzer-Williams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002999:Clone Cells; D010856:Columbidae; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D045304:Cytochromes c