title: Hybrid procedures as a combined endovascular and open approach for pararenal and thoracoabdominal aortic pathologies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to report our experience with hybrid vascular procedures in patients with pararenal and thoracoabdominal aortic pathologies.
  
  
  METHODS
  68 patients were treated for thoracoabdominal aortic pathologies between October 1999 and February 2004; 19 patients (16 men; mean age 68, range 40-79) with high risk for open thoracoabdominal repair were considered to be candidates for combined endovascular and open repair. Aortic pathologies included five thoracoabdominal Crawford I aneurysms, one postdissection expanding aneurysm, three symptomatic plaque ruptures (Crawford IV), five combined thoracic descending and infrarenal aneurysms with a healthy visceral segment, three juxtarenal or para-anastomotic aneurysms, and two patients with simultaneous open aortic arch replacement and a rendezvous maneuver for thoracic endografting. Commercially available endografts were implanted with standardized endovascular techniques after revascularization of visceral and renal arteries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technical success was 95%. One patient developed a proximal type I endoleak after chronic expanding type B dissection and currently is waiting conversion. Nine patients underwent elective, five emergency and five urgent (within 24 h) repair. 17 operations were performed simultaneously, and 2 as a staged procedure. Postoperative complications include two retroperitoneal hemorrhages, and one patient required long-term ventilation with preexisting subglottic tracheal stenosis. Thirty-day mortality was 17% (one multiple organ failure, one secondary rupture after open aortic arch repair, one myocardial infarction). Paraplegia or acute renal failure were not observed. Total survival rate was to 83% with a mean follow-up of 30 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Midterm results of combined endovascular and open procedures in the thoracoabdominal aorta are encouraging in selected high risk patients. Staged interventions may reduce morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. dittmar_boeckler@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Dittmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Böckler
authors.forename: Hardy
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klemm
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riemensperger
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Geisbüsch
authors.forename: Drosos
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kotelis
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rotert
authors.forename: Jens-Rainer
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Allenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000379:methods*; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D001019:Aortic Rupture / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D001027:Aortography; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D002445:Celiac Artery / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012086:Reoperation; D015607:Stents; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed