title: Dietary patterns in infancy: the importance of maternal and family influences on feeding practice.
abstract: It is not known what constitutes an optimal diet in infancy. There are relatively few studies of weaning practice in the UK, and there is a need for prospective data on the effects of infant diet and nutrition on health in later life. We describe the dietary patterns, defined using principal components analysis of FFQ data, of 1434 infants aged 6 and 12 months, born between 1999 and 2003. The two most important dietary patterns identified at 6 and 12 months were very similar. The first pattern was characterised by high consumption of fruit, vegetables and home-prepared foods ('infant guidelines' pattern). The second pattern was characterised by high consumption of bread, savoury snacks, biscuits and chips ('adult foods' pattern). Dietary pattern scores were correlated at 6 and 12 months (r 0.46 'infant guidelines'; r 0.45 'adult foods'). These patterns, which reflect wide variations in weaning practice, are associated with maternal and family characteristics. A key influence on the infant diet is the quality of the maternal diet. Women who comply with dietary recommendations, and who have high intakes of fruit and vegetables, wholemeal bread and rice and pasta, are more likely to have infants who have comparable diets--with high 'infant guidelines' pattern scores. Conversely, women whose own diets are characterised by high intakes of chips, white bread, crisps and sweets are more likely to have infants who have high 'adult foods' pattern scores. The effects of these patterns on growth and development, and on long-term outcomes need to be investigated.
authors.affiliation: MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK. smr@mrc.soton.ac.uk
authors.forename: Siân
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marriott
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crozier
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borland
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Godfrey
authors.forename: Cyrus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Hazel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inskip
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005192:Family Health; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014675:Vegetables; D014886:Weaning