title: Paenibacillus fonticola sp. nov., isolated from a warm spring.
abstract: A novel bacterial strain, designated ZL(T), isolated from a warm spring in Jhonglun, Taiwan, was characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The novel strain had chemotaxonomic and morphological properties consistent with its classification in the genus Paenibacillus. Cells were Gram-variable, aerobic, sporulating, motile rods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this novel isolate was unique, showing 94.3 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus assamensis GPTSA 11(T) and lower levels to Paenibacillus timonensis 2301032(T) (94.0 %), Paenibacillus macerans ATCC 8244(T) (93.3 %), Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016(T) (93.3 %) and Paenibacillus sanguinis 2301083(T) (93.2 %). The novel isolate could be distinguished from the type strains of all of these species based on a range of phenotypic data. The major cellular phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unknown phosphoglycolipid. The predominant isoprenologue was an unsaturated menaquinone with seven isoprene units (MK-7). The major fatty acids of strain ZL(T) were C(16 : 0) (33.5 %), anteiso-C(15 : 0) (32.5 %) and iso-C(16 : 0) (9.3 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.2 mol%. It is evident from the genotypic and phenotypic data that strain ZL(T) should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus fonticola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZL(T) (=BCRC 17579(T)=LMG 23577(T)).
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jui-Hsing
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, No. 142, Hai-Chuan Rd. Nan-Tzu, Kaohsiung City 811, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, No. 142, Hai-Chuan Rd. Nan-Tzu, Kaohsiung City 811, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuan-Yin
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Der-Shyan
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Arun
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiu-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, No. 142, Hai-Chuan Rd. Nan-Tzu, Kaohsiung City 811, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Ming
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D016937:Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Rods / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D045482:Hot Springs / Q000382:microbiology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008124:Locomotion; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011809:Quinones / Q000032:analysis; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D008055:Lipids; D011809:Quinones; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S