title: Chronic pain in multiple sclerosis: prevalence, characteristics, and impact on quality of life in an Australian community cohort.
abstract: This cross-sectional study describes chronic pain in 94 persons with multiple sclerosis residing in the community. The characteristics of chronic pain, pain-related disability, pain treatments, barriers to health care, and impact on quality of life were examined. Sixty-four percent of participants reported chronic pain; of these, 60% had dysesthetic pain and 70% had episodic increases in pain. The mean numerical pain intensity rating score was moderate (5). Chronic Pain Grade was used to classify severity of pain, using scores for items for pain intensity and pain-related disability. Those in the higher pain grades had more disability and recorded more health care visits (P = .06) (not significant because of small sample size). Effective pain management techniques included analgesic medication and physical measures as reported by 54% and 44% participants, respectively. Participants' perceived barriers to health care included environmental and personal factors. Those with multiple sclerosis and pain, compared with those with no pain, showed a significant difference in the domain of psychological well-being scores (P = .01) on the Assessment of Quality of Life scale. Additionally, the domains of independent living (P = .009) and total scores (P = .04) showed better quality of life in participants with lower pain grades. Improved understanding of chronic pain in this population may facilitate early identification for timely intervention and minimize pain-related disability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This article describes chronic pain in persons with multiple sclerosis living in the community. The information regarding pain prevalence, pain-related disability, and impact on quality of life provides insight into the complex multidimensional pain experience. Improved understanding of pain and early intervention may contribute to the overall well-being and decrease pain-related disability in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. fary.khan@mh.org.au
authors.forename: Fary
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pallant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006296:Health Services; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric