title: School-based fitness changes are lost during the summer vacation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the changes in percentage of body fat, cardiovascular fitness, and insulin levels during the 3-month summer break in overweight children enrolled in a school-based fitness program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overweight middle-school children were randomized to a lifestyle-focused physical education class (treatment) or standard physical education class (control) for 1 school year (9 months; previously reported). This analysis reports changes during the 3-month summer break in children who participated in the fitness intervention group and who remained at this school the following year and repeated a fitness class. At the beginning and end of the school year, children underwent evaluation of (1) fasting levels of insulin and glucose, (2) body composition by means of dual x-ray absorptiometry, and (3) maximum oxygen consumption as determined by treadmill use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rural middle school and an academic children's hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overweight middle-school children.
  
  
  METHODS
  School-based fitness curriculum, followed by summer break, and an additional year of school-based fitness intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiovascular fitness test results (maximum oxygen consumption), body composition, and fasting insulin levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvements seen during the 9-month school-year intervention in cardiovascular fitness, fasting insulin levels, and body composition were lost during the 3-month summer break. During this summer break, mean +/- SD fitness level decreased (maximum oxygen consumption, -3.2 +/- 1.9 mL/kg per minute; P = .007), fasting insulin level increased (+44 +/- 69 pmol/L [+6.1 +/- 9.7 mIU/mL]; P = .056), and percentage of body fat increased (+1.3% +/- 1.3%; P = .02) to levels that were similar to those seen before the school intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In obese middle-school children, school-based fitness interventions are an important vehicle for health promotion, but without sustained intervention, these benefits may be lost during the extended summer break.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin Children's Hospital, 600 Highland Ave, Room H4-436, Madison, WI 53792, USA. alcarrel@wisc.edu
authors.forename: Aaron L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Carrel
authors.forename: R Randall
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eickhoff
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012574:Schools; D012621:Seasons