title: Actuarial prediction of violent recidivism in mentally disordered offenders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Actuarial instruments may be useful in predicting long-term violence in mentally disordered patients. We compared two instruments that differ in terms of what they are designed to predict (general versus violent recividism) and the inclusion of stable mental health variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large sample of mentally disordered patients were scored on two risk assessment instruments, the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG) and the Offender Group Reconviction Scale (OGRS), based on information at the point of discharge. Their criminal histories for at least 2 years following discharge were obtained from official records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both instruments were good predictors of both violent and general offending. Over shorter periods (0.85], which were significantly better than the OGRS. For longer follow-up periods the instruments had approximately equal prediction accuracy. However, both instruments predicted far more offences than were in fact recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The VRAG is a very good predictor of future violence in the UK sample. The OGRS may also be of value as it can be completed quickly and without the need for mental health variables. Caution is needed, however, as both instruments appeared to over-predict the levels of reconvictions in this sample.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. snowden@cardiff.ac.uk
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Snowden
authors.forename: Nicola S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Malcolm J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: MacCulloch
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003415:Crime / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005555:Forensic Psychiatry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011599:Psychopathology; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*