title: Vibrotactile transduction and transducers.
abstract: The body's sense of touch is potentially a versatile channel for the conveyance of directional, spatial, command, and timing information. Most practical implementations of vibrotactile systems require compact, light-weight actuators that can be mounted against the body. Eccentric mass motors are widely used for this application, yet their output is limited and the effects of loading on the transducers due to the skin and mounting arrangement have been largely ignored. Conventional linear actuators are well suited as vibrotactile transducers and can provide high output, but are typically limited to laboratory research due to their large size and cost. The effect of loading on various practical vibrotactile transducers is investigated using a skin impedance phantom and measuring the transducer displacement with respect to additional mass loading. Depending on the transducer design, loading can dramatically reduce the vibratory displacement and, in the case of eccentric mass motors, also increase the operating frequency. In contrast, a new linear actuator design can be designed to be almost independent of skin loading, by considering the mechanical impedance of the load and optimizing the transducer contact area.
authors.affiliation: Engineering Acoustics, 933 Lewis Drive, Suite C, Winter Park, Florida 32789, USA. bmort@eaiinfo.com
authors.forename: Bruce J P
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Mortimer
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Zets
authors.forename: Roger W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Cholewiak
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D006801:Humans; D012867:Skin; D014110:Touch; D014159:Transducers; D014732:Vibration