title: Chemical characterization and anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides fractionated from submerge-cultured Antrodia camphorata mycelia.
abstract: Five polysaccharide fractions (AC-1, AC-2, AC-3, AC-4, and AC-5) were obtained after systemic solvent extractions and precipitations from Antrodia camphorata mycelia with yields of 2.92, 10.38, 1.65, 0.34, and 1.64%, respectively. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis showed that the distribution of mean molecular mass of the fractionated polysaccharides was in the range of 394-940 kDa. The proximate compositions from each polysaccharide fraction revealed that all fractions belonged to the category of glycoprotein, having ratios of carbohydrate/protein ranging from 0.29 to 10.79 (w/w). Glucose or galactose was the major monosaccharide in all fractions except fraction AC-2, which has a mean molecular mass of 394 kDa with lyxose as the most prominent constituent. In the evaluation of the DPPH* radical scavenging capability, fraction AC-1 and AC-2 polysaccharides showed the better capabilities, around 74.5 and 50.5%, respectively, compared to the reference control of Trolox (87.5%) at a concentration of 1 microM. In testing with macrophage RAW264.7 cells, fraction AC-2 demonstrated a rather potent anti-inflammatory capability. Furthermore, the lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production and the protein expression by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene were inhibited, respectively, in a dose-dependent (50-200 microg/mL) manner by fraction AC-2 polysaccharide.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2 Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chin-Chu
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yi-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yaw-Bee
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Ker
authors.forename: Yen-Yin
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Eric Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Charng-Cherng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chyau
authors.forename: Tzong-Hsiung
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Hseu
authors.forename: Robert Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D025282:Mycelium / Q000737:chemistry*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D020072:Polyporales / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D009005:Monosaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II