Endoscopy/surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease.
Patients with chronic colitis from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Previously, to ameliorate this, prophylactic total colectomy was offered to patients who had chronic ulcerative colitis (UC); however, research has identified less invasive management options through better understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer in chronic inflammation, a more uniform histologic diagnosis by pathologists, and proper surveillance colonoscopy techniques. This article reviews the pathogenesis of neoplasia in IBD, and then reviews the risk factors for CRC in IBD, surveillance guidelines and their limitations, surveillance techniques, ileal pouch dysplasia, and chemoprevention. Although data for CRC risk in Crohn's disease (CD) are not as extensive, it has been suggested that the risks are comparable to UC.
Ahmadi
Anis A
AA
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Program, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Box 100214, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Polyak
Steven
S
D001706:Biopsy; D003113:Colonoscopy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors