title: Cavitating pulmonary tuberculosis in children: correlating radiology with pathogenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cavitating pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is generally known as a disease of adults, with children typically having features of primary PTB.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To group children with PTB and cavities according to possible pathogenesis by evaluating the clinical and radiological findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical and radiological findings in ten randomly selected children with PTB and cavitations on chest radiographs were retrospectively reviewed and evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three groups emerged: group 1 (four children) had cavities, usually single and unilateral in the classic upper lobe distribution of postprimary PTB; group 2 (three children) developed progressive primary spread of disease with extensive and bilateral pulmonary cavities; and group 3 (three children) developed cavities secondary to airway obstruction by mediastinal lymph nodes with consequent distal collapse and consolidation. Children in group 1 responded well to treatment and had unremarkable recoveries. Children in group 2 were all below 2 years of age with complicated recoveries. Children in group 3 had frequent complications resulting in one fatality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cavities in PTB in children may arise by one of three possible mechanisms with a relatively equal incidence. A study is underway to determine the incidence of cavity formation associated with mediastinal lymphadenopathy and airway obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tygerberg Hospital and University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa. drsteph21@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Stephanie Barbara
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Griffith-Richards
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goussard
authors.forename: Savvas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andronikou
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Gie
authors.forename: Stefan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Przybojewski
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strachan
authors.forename: Yousuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vadachia
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kathan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology