Anger and fear: Separable effects of emotion and motivational direction on somatovisceral responses.
We studied whether emotion (anger vs. fear) and motivational direction (approach vs. withdrawal) have specific, separable, and independent somatovisceral response patterns. Imagination scripts about soccer game episodes with crossed Emotion x Motivational Direction content resulting in four experimental groups were presented to a total of N = 118 active soccer players. Self-reports reflected the emotion but not the motivational direction induction. Univariate and multivariate analyses of 24 somatovisceral variables and 2 a priori defined summary variables showed that anger and fear had specific response profiles with effect sizes correlating r = 0.53 with the respective effect sizes from a previous study. Approach and withdrawal profiles varied only in intensity. Emotion and motivational direction did not interact and had independent somatovisceral effects. Results suggest that anger and fear have separate underlying neurobiological organizations each capable of bi-directional motivational tuning of efferent pathways. Results support the Component Model of Somatovisceral Response Organization.
Stemmler
Gerhard
G
Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Psychology, Marburg, Germany. stemmler@staff.uni-marburg.de
Aue
Tatjana
T
Wacker
Jan
J
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000786:Anger / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology*; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009042:Motivation; D012016:Reference Values; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000502:physiology