title: Prostate cancer-specific mortality after radical prostatectomy or external beam radiation therapy in men with 1 or more high-risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Estimates of prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) were determined after radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiation therapy (RT) in men with >or=1 high-risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study cohort comprised 948 men who underwent RP (N = 660) or RT (N = 288) for localized prostate cancer between 1988 and 2004 and had at least 1 of the following high-risk factors: a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) velocity >2 ng/mL/year during the year before diagnosis, a biopsy Gleason score of >or=7, a PSA level of >or=10 ng/mL, or clinical category T2b or high disease. Grays regression was used to evaluate whether the number and type of high-risk factors were associated with time to PCSM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple determinants of high risk were found to be significantly associated with a shorter time to PCSM after RP (P < .001) or RT (P <or= .001). The solitary presence of a PSA velocity >2 ng/mL/year was associated with an increased risk of PCSM after RP (hazards ratio [HR] of 7.3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.0-59 [P = .05]) or RT (HR of 12.1; 95% CI, 1.4-105 [P = .02]) when compared with men with any other single high-risk factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men with a PSA velocity >2 ng/mL/year had a significantly higher risk of PCSM compared with men who had any other single high-risk factor. These men should be considered for randomized trials evaluating the impact on PCSM from adding systemic agents to standards of care for men with high-risk PC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. adamico@partners.org
authors.forename: Anthony V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: Ming-Hui
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Catalona
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Roehl
authors.forename: Judd W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Moul
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000601:surgery; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality*; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen