title: Retinoids and skin: microarrays shed new light on chemopreventive action of all-trans retinoic acid.
abstract: Despite the use of retinoids in the clinic for many years, their mode of action in the prevention of skin cancer is still unclear. Recent microarray analyses of the chemopreventive effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), one of the primary naturally occurring biologically active retinoids, in the two-stage mouse skin chemical carcinogenesis model have provided novel insight into their action. Comparison of the gene expression profiles of control skin to skin subjected to the two-stage protocol for 3 wk, with or without ATRA, has shown that approximately half of the genes regulated by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) are oppositely regulated when ATRA is coadministered with TPA. It was further shown the Raf/Mek/Erk branch of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway contains a disproportionate number of oppositely regulated genes, thereby implicating it as one of the key pathways involved in tumor promotion by TPA, that is blocked by ATRA. This result has pointed the way toward the detailed study of Raf/Mek/Erk pathway signaling in skin cancer development and its potential as a target pathway for chemoprevention by ATRA and other chemopreventive drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, USA.
authors.forename: Satish B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Cheepala
authors.forename: Zanobia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.forename: Marjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trutschl
authors.forename: Urska
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Cvek
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Clifford
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018890:Chemoprevention; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014212:Tretinoin