title: Bladder and urethral function in pelvic organ prolapsed lysyl oxidase like-1 knockout mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine bladder and urethral function in pelvic organ prolapsed lysyl oxidase like-1 (LOXL1) knockout mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female parous Loxl1 (-/-) mice in the stable phase of prolapse, and age-matched wild type (WT) mice (six each) had conscious cystometry, leak-point pressure (LPP) testing, and contractile responses assessed of their bladder muscle strips to KCl, electrical-field stimulation, ATP, and carbachol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Loxl1 (-/-) mice voided more frequently and had lower mean (sem) bladder capacity, at 0.10 (0.01) vs 0.20 (0.01) mL, and voiding pressure, at 25.0 (1.90) vs 36.6 (4.04) cmH(2)O, respectively, during cystometry than had WT mice. The LPP was not significantly different between WT and Loxl1 (-/-) mice, at 7.05 (0.81) vs 5.22 (1.23) cmH(2)O, respectively. There were no significant differences between bladder strips from Loxl1 (-/-) mice and WT mice in their responsiveness to various stimuli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Loxl1 (-/-) knockout mice had lower urinary tract dysfunction, most likely due to urethral dysfunction. Loxl1 (-/-) knockout mice can be used as an animal model for pelvic floor disorders. Further studies are needed to characterize the morphological and molecular alterations of the bladder and urethra.
authors.affiliation: Glickman Urological Institute & Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Guiming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Firouz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Daneshgari
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Danli
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Una
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tiansen
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Margot S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Damaser
mesh_terms: D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D014521:Urethra / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; C482019:Loxl1 protein, mouse