title: Use of accommodations for valued life activities: prevalence and effects on disability scores.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence of using 4 specific behavioral accommodations (assistive devices, personal assistance, limits on the amount or kind of activities, and taking more time to perform activities) in the performance of valued life activities (VLAs), and to examine the impact of accounting for these accommodations on VLA disability scores.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were from a panel study of 467 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) interviewed annually by telephone. VLA disability was assessed using a 29-item scale, rating difficulty performing each activity and asking whether the 4 types of accommodations were used. An unadjusted difficulty score based solely on difficulty ratings was calculated, as well as 3 adjusted scores accounting for use of assistance or devices, use of assistance, devices, or limitations in activities, and use of all 4 accommodations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Accommodations were widely used by individuals with RA to perform daily activities. Limits and more time were used for more activities than assistance and devices. Adjustment for accommodations produced substantial increases in disability scores (e.g., the mean total VLA difficulty score increased by 84% after adjustment for all 4 accommodations).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The accommodations included on the Health Assessment Questionnaire, the most commonly used measure of functioning for RA, include only assistive devices and personal assistance, which were not the accommodations most frequently used in our sample. If assessments are intended to estimate total disease burden, they should include use of a broader range of accommodations to develop a more complete picture of how daily function is affected.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0920, USA. patti.katz@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Patricia P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D002140:California; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006304:Health Status; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D010548:Personal Health Services; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012656:Self-Help Devices