title: Heterologous prime/boost immunization of rhesus monkeys by using diverse poxvirus vectors.
abstract: As the diversity of potential immunogens increases within certain classes of vectors, the possibility has arisen of employing heterologous prime/boost immunizations using diverse members of the same family of vectors. The present study was initiated to explore the use of divergent pox vectors in a prime/boost regimen to elicit high-frequency cellular immune responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope and simian immunodeficiency virus gag in rhesus monkeys. We demonstrated that monkeys vaccinated with a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA) prime/recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV) boost regimen and monkeys vaccinated with a recombinant vaccinia virus prime/rFPV boost regimen developed comparable cellular immune responses that were greater in magnitude than those elicited by a homologous prime/boost with rMVA. Nevertheless, comparable magnitude recall cellular immune responses were observed in monkeys vaccinated with heterologous and homologous recombinant poxvirus following challenge with the CXCR4-tropic SHIV-89.6P. Consistent with this finding, comparable levels of containment of viral replication and CD4(+) T-lymphocyte preservation were seen in these groups of recombinant poxvirus-vaccinated monkeys. This study supports further exploration of combining recombinant vectors of the same family in prime/boost immunization strategies to optimize vaccine-elicited cellular immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Sampa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santra
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jenny G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Parvani
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Philippon
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wyand
authors.forename: Kelledy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manson
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gomez-Yafal
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mazzara
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Panicali
authors.forename: Phillip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Markham
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Montefiori
authors.forename: Norman L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Letvin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007117:Immunization, Secondary / Q000379:methods*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D011212:Poxviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral