title: Long-term effects of a short course of neoadjuvant luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue and radical radiotherapy on the hormonal profile in patients with localized prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether a long-term follow-up shows any reduction in the level of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, which could result in declining testosterone levels in men with localized prostate cancer, as most (96%) men have testosterone levels within the normal range by 1 year after treatment with a short course of LH-releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa) and radiotherapy, and LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) remain high at 1 year after treatment, maintaining the testosterone levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated 55 patients who previously had a short course of LHRHa (median 97 days, range 28-167) and radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Eligible patients had documented normal testosterone, LH and FSH levels at baseline and at 1-3 years after radiotherapy. LH, FSH and testosterone were then measured at 5 years after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean hormone levels before, at 1-3 years and at 5 years after treatment, respectively, were: testosterone (nmol/L), 15.33, 13.98, 12.97; LH (U/L), 5.51, 9.95, 6.95; and FSH (U/L), 7.95, 22.40, 17.00. The decrease in testosterone level at 5 years vs 1-3 years was not statistically significant and was of little clinical relevance (P = 0.057). LH and FSH levels were higher at 1-3 years than at baseline and decreased significantly (P < 0.001) at 5 years towards the baseline value. The decrease in FSH level was less marked than for LH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After a short course of LHRHa and radiotherapy, the testosterone level was maintained at 5 years. LH levels decreased towards the baseline value, suggesting recovery of Leydig cell function. FSH levels remained high, suggesting persistent Sertoli cell damage from treatment.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK. vedangmurthy@gmail.com
authors.forename: Vedang
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Barbachano
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Dearnaley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone