title: Hypoxia-inducible factor linked to differential kidney cancer risk seen with type 2A and type 2B VHL mutations.
abstract: Clear cell carcinoma of the kidney is a major cause of mortality in patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, which is caused by germ line mutations that inactivate the VHL tumor suppressor gene. Biallelic VHL inactivation, due to mutations or hypermethylation, is also common in sporadic clear cell renal carcinomas. The VHL gene product, pVHL, is part of a ubiquitin ligase complex that targets the alpha subunits of the heterodimeric transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) for destruction under well-oxygenated conditions. All VHL mutations linked to classical VHL disease compromise this pVHL function although some missense mutations result in a low risk of kidney cancer (type 2A VHL disease) while others result in a high risk (type 2B VHL disease). We found that type 2A mutants were less defective than type 2B mutants when reintroduced into VHL-/- renal carcinoma cells with respect to HIF regulation. A stabilized version of HIF2alpha promoted tumor growth by VHL-/- cells engineered to produce type 2A mutants, while knock-down of HIF2alpha in cells producing type 2B mutants had the opposite effect. Therefore, quantitative differences with respect to HIF deregulation are sufficient to account for the differential risks of kidney cancer linked to VHL mutations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Mayer 457, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Lianjie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Yoji Andrew
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Minamishima
authors.forename: Aria F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Olumi
authors.forename: Mao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bartz
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Kaelin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D050505:Mutant Proteins; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1