title: Reversible effects of antiepileptic drugs on reproductive endocrine function in men and women with epilepsy--a prospective randomized double-blind withdrawal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and reproductive endocrine function have complex interactions. In this study, we wanted to investigate the effects of AEDs on reproductive endocrine function after withdrawal of AEDs and look for reversible endocrine effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was prospective, randomized, and double-blinded. A total of 160 patients were included and randomized to withdrawal or not and 150 (80 females, 53%) patients went through the intervention and was included in the study for 12 months. Complete serum samples from before and 4 months after completed withdrawal/no withdrawal were obtained from 130 patients (63 females, 48%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main finding was that reversible endocrine changes in sex steroid hormone levels could be observed in both sexes after withdrawal of AEDs. For CBZ, which was the drug used by the majority of the patients, withdrawal led to significant increases in serum testosterone concentrations and free androgen index (FAI) in both men (n = 19) and women (n = 19). Mean differences in change in FAI between the withdrawal group and nonwithdrawal group were in men 17.49 (CI 10.16-24.81, p <or= 0.001), and in women 1.61 (CI 0.62-2.61, p <or= 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide further evidence of the potentially negative effects of CBZ treatment on reproductive endocrine functions in men and women, but also show that some of these changes may be reversible, even after years on treatment.
authors.affiliation: Helse Øst Health Services Research Centre, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway. Morten.lossius@epilepsy.no
authors.forename: Morten I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Lossius
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Taubøll
authors.forename: Petter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mowinckel
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mørkrid
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gjerstad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D004967:Estrogens; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D002220:Carbamazepine; D013739:Testosterone; D014635:Valproic Acid