title: Skin contact transfer of three fragrance residues from candles to human hands.
abstract: The dermal hand transfer of three fragrance materials (cinnamic aldehyde, d-limonene and eugenol) from scented candles was determined in 10 subjects (i.e., 20 hands) after grasping scented candles for 5 consecutive 20s exposures/grasps. The fragrance materials from each subject's hands were recovered by isopropyl alcohol wipes and subsequent extractions. Removal efficiencies for both cinnamic aldehyde and eugenol placed directly on the hands were not concentration dependent and ranged from 103% to 106%. The removal efficiency of d-limonene showed an inverse relation with 74.3% removed at the low concentration of 50 microg and 63.8% removed at the high concentration of 500 microg. The residue/transfer of d-limonene from the candles to the hands was below the limit of detection of 50 microg. The residue/transfer of cinnamic aldehyde and eugenol to each subject's hands was consistent between subjects as well as between each exposure/grasp. The total mean residues of cinnamic aldehyde and eugenol transferred per grasp from the candles to the hands were 0.255 microg/cm(2) and 0.279 microg/cm(2), respectively.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Fragrance Materials Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA. amapi@rifm.org
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Api
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bredbenner
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McGowen
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Niemiera
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Renskers
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Selim
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sgaramella
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Signorelli
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tedrow
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Troy
mesh_terms: D019840:2-Propanol; D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000032:analysis*; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; D005054:Eugenol / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand; D006795:Household Products; D006801:Humans; D000077222:Limonene; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010476:Perfume / Q000032:analysis*; D012867:Skin; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D053138:Cyclohexenes; D010476:Perfume; D013729:Terpenes; D005054:Eugenol; D000171:Acrolein; D000077222:Limonene; D019840:2-Propanol; C012843:cinnamaldehyde