title: Lipopolysaccharide- and glutamate-induced hypothalamic hydroxyl radical elevation and fever can be suppressed by N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor antagonists.
abstract: The purpose of the current study was to explore the effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor antagonists (MK-801 and LY235959) administered intracerebroventricularly on the changes of both core temperature and hypothalamic levels of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) induced by intracerebroventricular injection of glutamate (100 - 400 microg at 10 microl/rabbit) or intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (2 microg/kg) in rabbits. The measurements of 2,3-DHBA were used as an index of the intrahypothalamic levels of hydroxyl radicals. The rise in both the core temperature and hypothalamic 2,3-DHBA could be induced by intracerebroventricular injection of glutamate or intravenous administration of LPS. The glutamate- or LPS-induced fever and increased hypothalamic levels of 2,3-DHBA were significantly antagonized by pretreatment with injection of MK-801 or LY235959 1 h before glutamate or LPS injection. The increased levels of prostaglandin E2 in the hypothalamus induced by glutamate or LPS could be suppressed by MK-801 or LY235959. The data demonstrate that prior antagonism of NMDA receptors in the brain, in addition to reducing prostaglandin E2 production in the hypothalamus, suppresses both the glutamate- and LPS-induced fever and increased hypothalamic hydroxyl radicals.
authors.affiliation: Center for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Hsing
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Ting-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Wu-Tein
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Mao-Tsun
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000378:metabolism; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D007546:Isoquinolines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; C009135:2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid; C088643:LY 235959; D015232:Dinoprostone