title: Design and simulation study of the immunization Data Quality Audit (DQA).
abstract: The goal of the Data Quality Audit (DQA) is to assess whether the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization-funded countries are adequately reporting the number of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunizations given, on which the "shares" are awarded. Given that this sampling design is a modified two-stage cluster sample (modified because a stratified, rather than a simple, random sample of health facilities is obtained from the selected clusters); the formula for the calculation of the standard error for the estimate is unknown. An approximated standard error has been proposed, and the first goal of this simulation is to assess the accuracy of the standard error. Results from the simulations based on hypothetical populations were found not to be representative of the actual DQAs that were conducted. Additional simulations were then conducted on the actual DQA data to better access the precision of the DQ with both the original and the increased sample sizes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistic Quintiles Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. stacy.woodard@quintiles.com
authors.forename: Stacy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Woodard
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zell
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ronveaux
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Birmingham
mesh_terms: D000354:Africa, Western; D002050:Burkina Faso; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D017723:Drug Utilization Review / Q000379:methods*; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010154:Pakistan; D011336:Probability; D011786:Quality Control; D012107:Research Design / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine