title: Stratum corneum pharmacokinetics of the anti-fungal drug, terbinafine, in a novel topical formulation, for single-dose application in dermatophytoses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The stratum corneum (SC) pharmacokinetics of terbinafine following single-dose administration of a novel cutaneous solution (film-forming solution, FFS) containing terbinafine hydrochloride and a film-forming agent, was investigated in three studies. Terbinafine 1% cream (Lamisil) was included as a benchmark in two of these studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Drugs were applied to areas of the back, and skin strips were taken from defined areas at baseline and from 1 to 312 h after application. Samples were analysed using validated liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The residence time of the film on the skin was up to 72 h after application (up to 12 h for the 1% cream). After application of terbinafine FFS, 30% of the total amount of drug delivered into the SC occurred during the first 2 h, 31% from 2-12 h, and 39% thereafter. The C(max) was observed as early as 1.5 h (t(max)). SC levels were still detected after 13 days (24 ng/cm(2)) (t(1/2)) was 162 h). Terbinafine 1% cream showed a similar t(max) (2 h) with a lower C(max) than terbinafine 1% FFS, and mean SC levels after 7 days of treatment were 46 ng/cm(2) (day 13). The t(1/2) was 68 h. Washing at 30 min removed 86% of the film still present on the surface; the decrease of terbinafine concentration in the SC was 84%. A later washing at 12 h removed 73% of the film in comparison to non-washed skin and induced a decrease in the terbinafine content in the SC of 27%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SC pharmacokinetic profile of terbinafine 1% FFS indicates that this novel formulation is efficient in delivering high amounts of terbinafine to the skin for a prolonged time and supports its use in the treatment of dermatophytoses with a single application.
authors.affiliation: Novartis Consumer Health SA, Switzerland. jean-luc.kienzler@novartis.com
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kienzler
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Queille-Roussel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mugglestone
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ortonne
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Larnier
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003881:Dermatomycoses / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009824:Ointments / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077291:Terbinafine
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009281:Naphthalenes; D009824:Ointments; D000077291:Terbinafine