title: Biological response modifier therapy for refractory childhood uveitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of biological response modifiers (BRM) in the treatment of refractory childhood uveitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective non-comparative case series of pediatric patients with uveitis treated with BRM.
  
  
  METHODS
  23 pediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  All children (18 years or younger) who received a BRM were assessed for visual changes, time to control inflammation, and any associated adverse side effects. Thirteen patients were treated with infliximab, five with adalimumab, and five with daclizumab. All patients had bilateral eye involvement. Diagnoses of the participants included juvenile idiopathic arthritis, keratouveitis, sarcoid panuveitis, Adamantiades-Behcets disease, and idiopathic panuveitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inflammation and visual acuity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the infliximab group 16 of 26 eyes (62%), and 10 of 13 patients (77%) demonstrated an improvement in visual acuity. Twenty of 26 eyes (77%) demonstrated an improvement in the degree of inflammation. In the adalimumab group, four of 10 eyes (40%) demonstrated an improvement in visual acuity, with five of 10 eyes (50%) demonstrating an improvement in inflammation. Four of 10 eyes (40%) in the daclizumab group demonstrated an improvement in vision with eight of 10 eyes (80%) demonstrating an improvement in inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BRM appear to be safe to use in children, and represent a useful therapeutic adjunctive drug group for treating recalcitrant childhood uveitis.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institute, 5 Cambridge Center, 8th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Quinones
authors.forename: Rene Antonio
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cervantes-Castañeda
authors.forename: Taygan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: C Stephen
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab; D000293:Adolescent; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000077561:Daclizumab; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069285:Infliximab; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014605:Uveitis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000069285:Infliximab; D000077561:Daclizumab; D000068879:Adalimumab