title: Impedance index or standard anthropometric measurements, which is the better variable for predicting fat-free mass in sick children?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the predictive value of impedance index (ZI, height2/impedance) with anthropometric measurements for estimating fat-free mass (FFM).
  
  
  METHODS
  FFM of 120 white paediatric children (46 males, 74 females), aged 2.5-18 years was measured by using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), skinfold thickness (biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac) and bioelectrical impedance were also obtained. Stepwise multiple regression analysis and residual plots were performed to determine the most significant variables to predict FFM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The single best predictor of FFM was ZI, which explained 96.2% of the variance in FFM (r = 0.981, SEE = 2.15 kg). Addition of weight to the model containing ZI increased the explained variance of FFM to 96.6% (r = 0.983, SEE = 2.03 kg). BMI and MUAC were the poorest predictors of FFM: r = 0.422, SEE = 10.2 kg and r = 0.621, SEE = 8.93 kg, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impedance index is a more significant single predictor of FFM than other anthropometric measurements. The predictive accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis-based prediction equations for FFM was improved by addition of weight.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Children's Hospital, Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Quang Dung
authors.initials: QD
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fusch
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Armbrust
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jochum
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fusch
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001132:Arm; D001823:Body Composition; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012885:Skinfold Thickness