title: Identification of potential therapeutic drugs for huntington's disease using Caenorhabditis elegans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prolonged time course of Huntington's disease (HD) neurodegeneration increases both the time and cost of testing potential therapeutic compounds in mammalian models. An alternative is to initially assess the efficacy of compounds in invertebrate models, reducing time of testing from months to days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We screened candidate therapeutic compounds that were identified previously in cell culture/animal studies in a C. elegans HD model and found that two FDA approved drugs, lithium chloride and mithramycin, independently and in combination suppressed HD neurotoxicity. Aging is a critical contributor to late onset neurodegenerative diseases. Using a genetic strategy and a novel assay, we demonstrate that lithium chloride and mithramycin remain neuroprotective independent of activity of the forkhead transcription factor DAF-16, which mediates the effects of the insulin-like signaling pathway on aging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that pathways involved in polyglutamine-induced degeneration are distinct from specific aging pathways. The assays presented here will be useful for rapid and inexpensive testing of other potential HD drugs and elucidating pathways of drug action. Additionally, the neuroprotection conferred by lithium chloride and mithramycin suggests that these drugs may be useful for polyglutamine disease therapy.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Voisine
authors.forename: Hemant
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Emily A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.forename: Brent R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Stockwell
authors.forename: Anne C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hart
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004338:Drug Combinations; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018021:Lithium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008136:Longevity / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D008926:Plicamycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D004338:Drug Combinations; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010455:Peptides; D014157:Transcription Factors; C108831:daf-16 protein, C elegans; C097188:polyglutamine; D018021:Lithium Chloride; D008926:Plicamycin