title: The effects of willed movement therapy on AMPA receptor properties for adult rat following focal cerebral ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although we demonstrated willed movement (WM) therapy can facilitate the patients actively participating in the physical activities by cognitive and perceptual stimulation in our previous study, the molecular mechanisms of the willed movement on the patients remains unclear. We initially established the model of WM intervention for rats and identified possible effects of willed movement on motor recovery and on expression of Kainate/alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in ischemia core (IC) and ischemia penumbra (IP) regions of rats after cerebral ischemia reperfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two adult male Sprague Dawley rats after successful 120-min period of occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery were selected and randomly divided into three groups: middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), WM and environmental modification (EM). Neurological and neurobehavioral assessments were performed and the rats were killed at various recirculation times after MCAO. Reverse transcription-PCR were used to detect mRNA of GluR1-GluR4 subunit of AMPA receptors in the areas of IC and IP in all adult rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats following WM intervention showed significantly better acquisition of climbing (every time point tested), forelimb mobility and neurological functions at subacute stage of MCAO. No difference was found in the expression levels of GluR1-GluR4 mRNA among three groups in IC region. However, GluR1 and GluR4 mRNA of rats in group WM were significantly upregulated as compared with rats in group MCAO and group EM in IP region at subacute stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early willed movement treatment can increase the expression level of AMPA receptor subunits and thus might increase synaptic transmission and enhance brain plasticity after focal brain ischemia at the subacute stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China. tqingpingjt@yahoo.com <tqingpingjt@yahoo.com>
authors.forename: Qingping
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Qidong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhongyang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Baoqiong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shuai
authors.forename: Gaiqing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zunjing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Xiangmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D014836:Volition / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018091:Receptors, AMPA