title: Mood changes, body mass index and bioavailable testosterone in healthy men: results of the Androx Vienna Municipality Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether sex hormones alone or in combination with body mass index (BMI) influence mood in men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were taken from 669 manual workers (aged 43-67 years) to measure sex hormone levels, in particular bioavailable testosterone (BAT). At the same time BMI was calculated. All participants completed the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) for the evaluation of depression. Then BMI and BAT were correlated to the BDI scores, to determine a possible interaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a quadratic main effect for BAT on the BDI scores, i.e. an increased risk of depression with an odds ratio of 1.871 (P = 0.029) for hypo- and hypergonadal men. Also, there was an interaction between BAT and BMI, which was mainly detected in underweight and obese men. This U-shaped effect for underweight and obese men was not detected in men with a 'normal' weight, who had a significantly linear decrease in the risk of depression by changing from the hypogonadal to the eugonadal subgroup, as well as for changing from the eugonadal to the hypergonadal subgroup, with a mean odds ratio of 0.513 (P = 0.032).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression depends on BAT and BMI; in men of normal weight, an increase in BAT reduces the risk of depression, which is not the case in underweight and obese men. Consequently eugonadal men with normal testosterone levels have the lowest risk of depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. christian.kratzik@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Christian W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kratzik
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schatzl
authors.forename: Jakob E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lackner
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lunglmayr
authors.forename: Nadja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brandstätter
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rücklinger
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone