title: The current role of venous sampling in the localization of endocrine disease.
abstract: Endocrine venous sampling plays a specific role in the diagnosis of endocrine disorders. In this article, we cover inferior petrosal sinus sampling, selective parathyroid venous sampling, hepatic venous sampling with arterial stimulation, adrenal venous sampling, and ovarian venous sampling. We review their indications and the scientific evidence justifying these indications in the diagnosis and management of Cushing's syndrome, hyperparathyroidism, pancreatic endocrine tumors, Conn's syndrome, primary hyperaldosteronism, pheochromocytomas, and androgen-secreting ovarian tumors. For each sampling technique, we compare its diagnostic accuracy with that of other imaging techniques and, where possible, look at how it impacts patient management. Finally, we incorporate venous sampling into diagnostic algorithms used at our institution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE, UK. jeshlau@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Jeshen H G
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matson
mesh_terms: D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods*; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000379:methods; D004701:Endocrine Gland Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006729:Hormones, Ectopic / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D009384:Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017591:Petrosal Sinus Sampling / Q000379:methods; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D006729:Hormones, Ectopic