title: Interaction with an immersive virtual environment corrects users' distance estimates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Two experiments examined whether prior interaction within an immersive virtual environment (VE) enabled people to improve the accuracy of their distance judgments and whether an improved ability to estimate distance generalized to other means of estimating distances.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Prior literature has consistently found that users of immersive VEs underestimate distances by approximately 50%.
  
  
  METHODS
  In each of the two experiments, 16 participants viewed objects in an immersive VE and estimated their distance to them by means of blindfolded walking tasks before and after interacting with the VE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The interaction task significantly corrected users' underestimation bias to nearly veridical. Differences between pre- and post-interaction mean distance estimation accuracy were large (d = 4.63), and significant (p < .001), and they generalized across response task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This finding limits the generality of the underestimation effect in VEs and suggests that distance underestimation in VEs may not be a road block to the development of VE applications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Potential or actual applications of this research include the improvement of VE systems requiring accurate spatial awareness.
authors.affiliation: Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA. adam.r.richardson@boeing.com
authors.forename: Adam R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Waller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004215:Distance Perception; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning; D009949:Orientation; D014584:User-Computer Interface