title: Cilostazol reduces inflammatory burden and oxidative stress in hypertensive type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammation and oxidative stress cause genesis and progression of atherosclerosis in diabetes. This study aimed to assess effects of Cilostazol on these factors in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In randomized, open, add-on preventive controlled clinical trial design, 60 hypertensive type 2 diabetics aged >or=45 years were evaluated clinically and for total leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum albumin, serum hsC-reactive protein, plasma malondialdehyde, blood reduced glutathione and HbA1c levels. After informed consent, 30 patients received Cilostazol (100mg) twice daily orally as add-on therapy. At 1 month follow-up, 26 patients in control group and 22 patients in Cilostazol group completed the trial and particular parameters were re-evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age and duration of diabetes were 55+/-7 years and 8+/-6 years, respectively. At follow-up, the Cilostazol group showed significant (p<0.001) decrease in hsC-reactive protein (23.6%), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (38.7%), total leukocyte count (12.6%), plasma malondialdehyde (17.6%), HbA1c (0.17%, p=0.002) and increase in serum albumin (11.9%), blood reduced glutathione (3.5%) from baseline. UKPDS 10 years risk of coronary heart disease decreased by 6% (p=0.002). The control group did not show significant improvement in inflammatory profile, oxidative status and HbA1c.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflammatory and oxidative stress is high in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. Cilostazol reduces these factors as well as coronary heart disease risk in diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department Of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India. drnkavns@gmail.com
authors.forename: Neeraj K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: Rituparna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maiti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Pandey
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000077407:Cilostazol; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D000077407:Cilostazol; D005978:Glutathione; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D012709:Serum Albumin; D013777:Tetrazoles; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human