title: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GH: dependence on route and dosage of administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data after recombinant human GH (rhGH) administration in adults are scarce, but necessary to optimize replacement therapy and to detect doping. We examined pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and 20 kDa GH after injection of rhGH at different doses and routes of administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open-label crossover study with single boluses of rhGH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy trained subjects (10 males, 10 females) received bolus injections of rhGH on three occasions: 0.033 mg/kg s.c., 0.083 mg/kg s.c., and 0.033 mg/kg i.m. Concentrations of 22 and 20 kDa GH, IGF-I, and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP)-3 were measured repeatedly before and up to 36 h after injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum GH maximal concentration (Cmax) and area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) were higher after i.m. than s.c. administration of 0.033 mg/kg (Cmax 35.5 and 12.0 microg/l; AUC 196.2 and 123.8). Cmax and AUC were higher in males than in females (P < 0.01) and pharmacodynamic changes were more pronounced. IGFBP-3 concentrations showed no dose dependency. In response to rhGH administration, 20 kDa GH decreased in females and remained suppressed for 14-18 h (low dose) and 30 h (high dose). In males, 20 kDa GH was undetectable at baseline and throughout the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After rhGH administration, pharmacokinetic parameters are mainly influenced by route of administration, whereas pharmacodynamic variables and 20 kDa GH concentrations are determined mainly by gender. These differences need to be considered for therapeutic use and for detection of rhGH doping.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Oststr. 21-25, D-04317 Leipzig, Germany. alexandra.keller@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Zida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kratzsch
authors.forename: Eberhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Werner F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kniess
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Preiss
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teichert
authors.forename: Christian J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Strasburger
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bidlingmaier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004300:Doping in Sports; D005260:Female; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I