title: Hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (70 Gy at 2.5 Gy per fraction) for localized prostate cancer: Cleveland Clinic experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the outcomes in patients treated for localized prostate cancer with 70 Gy delivered at 2.5-Gy/fraction within 5 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample included all 770 consecutive patients with localized prostate cancer treated with hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy at the Cleveland Clinic between 1998 and 2005. The median follow-up was 45 months (maximum, 86). Both the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) biochemical failure definition and the alternate nadir + 2 ng/mL definition were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall 5-year ASTRO biochemical relapse-free survival rate was 82% (95% confidence interval, 79-85%), and the 5-year nadir + 2 ng/mL rate was 83% (95% confidence interval, 79-86%). For patients with low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk disease, the 5-year ASTRO rate was 95%, 85%, and 68%, respectively. The 5-year nadir + 2 ng/mL rate for patients with low-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease was 94%, 83%, and 72%, respectively. The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group acute rectal toxicity scores were 0 in 51%, 1 in 40%, and 2 in 9% of patients. The acute urinary toxicity scores were 0 in 33%, 1 in 48%, 2 in 18%, and 3 in 1% of patients. The late rectal toxicity scores were 0 in 89.6%, 1 in 5.9%, 2 in 3.1%, 3 in 1.3%, and 4 in 0.1% (1 patient). The late urinary toxicity scores were 0 in 90.5%, 1 in 4.3%, 2 in 5.1%, and 3 in 0.1% (1 patient).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcomes after high-dose hypofractionation were acceptable in the entire cohort of patients treated with the schedule of 70 at 2.5 Gy/fraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL 32806, USA. patrick.kupelian@orhs.org
authors.forename: Patrick A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kupelian
authors.forename: Twyla R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Willoughby
authors.forename: Chandana A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Arul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahadevan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000150:complications; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D012007:Rectum / Q000528:radiation effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000209:etiology