title: Functional network analysis of the transcriptomes of mesenchymal stem cells derived from amniotic fluid, amniotic membrane, cord blood, and bone marrow.
abstract: Using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays and functional network analyses, we examined whether MSCs derived from four different origins exhibited unique gene expression profiles individually and then compared the gene expression profiles of all MSCs with those of fetal organs. Our results indicated that within each group of MSCs from the same origin, the variability of the gene expression levels was smaller than that between groups of different origins. Functional genomic studies revealed the specific roles of MSCs from different origins. Our results suggest that amniotic fluid MSCs may initiate interactions with the uterus by upregulating oxytocin and thrombin receptors. Amniotic membrane MSCs may play a role in maintaining homeostasis of fluid and electrolytes by regulating the networks of endothelin, neprilysin, bradykinin receptors, and atrial natriuretic peptide. Cord blood MSCs may be involved in innate immune systems as the neonatal defense system against the earliest encountered pathogens. Adult bone marrow MSCs may be an important source not only of all blood lineages but also of bone formation. However, in spite of the different gene expression profiles seen in MSCs derived from different origins, a set of core gene expression profiles was preserved in these four kinds of MSCs. The core signature transcriptomes of all MSCs, when contrasted against those of fetal organs, included genes involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix and adhesion, transforming growth factor-beta receptor signaling, and the Wnt signaling pathways. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
authors.affiliation: Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Song
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Shiaw-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Kuang-Den
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yun-Shien
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Li-Wen
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Yu-Jen
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chao-Nin
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hsiu-Huei
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Yao-Lung
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: An-Shine
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Shuenn-Dyh
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Kuan-Der
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tzu-Hao
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hsin-Shih
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yung-Kuei
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Soong
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000166:cytology*; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000166:cytology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology*; D005326:Fetal Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005333:Fetus / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009928:Organ Specificity; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014599:Uterus / Q000502:physiology; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005326:Fetal Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger