title: Directional responses following recombinant cytokine stimulation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) RTS-11 macrophage cells as revealed by transcriptome profiling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The early stages of the immune response are regulated by key cytokines including both interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) which stimulate panels of responsive genes via conserved signal transduction pathways. To further our understanding of the transcriptional response to these cytokines in lower vertebrates we have utilized microarray analysis to characterize the transcriptional response to recombinant rainbow trout IL-1beta and IFN-gamma in the trout macrophage cell line RTS-11.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RNA was extracted from stimulated or control cells following 6 h incubation and used to hybridize to a salmonid cDNA microarray containing 16,006 different genes. Analysis of the arrays revealed mRNA transcripts that were differentially expressed as a result of exposure to the recombinant proteins, with some responses common for both cytokines. In general the recombinant IL-1beta elicited a response where genes involved in the acute phase response were up-regulated, whilst the recombinant IFN-gamma induced strong up-regulation of genes involved in the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway. Key genes were chosen that were differentially regulated and analysed by real time PCR at additional time points, up to 48 h following stimulation. This allowed a deeper insight into the kinetics of the response to the cytokines in this cell line.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that in fish both rIL-1beta and rIFN-gamma stimulated discrete panels of mRNA transcripts which indicted the cells were being directed towards different cellular functions, with IL-beta inducing genes involved in the inflammatory response, whereas IFN-gamma induced genes associated with antigen presentation.
authors.affiliation: Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. sam.martin@abdn.ac.uk
authors.forename: Samuel A M
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Dominic F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Houlihan
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Secombes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D008957:Models, Genetic; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D017683:Oncorhynchus / Q000235:genetics*; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012313:RNA; D007371:Interferon-gamma