title: Treatment of type II endoleak with a transcatheter transcaval approach: results at 1-year follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the feasibility and mid-term outcomes in the treatment of type II endoleak using transcatheter transcaval embolization (TTE).
  
  
  METHODS
  During an 8-month period, 12 patients underwent TTE. After direct transcaval puncture of the aneurysm sac, embolization was performed by injecting thrombin and placing coils. Systemic and intrasac pressures were recorded throughout the entire procedure. Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed at 24 hours, 30 days, 6 months, and 1 year after TTE to evaluate endoleaks and changes in sac diameter. Technical success was defined as the feasibility of the procedure; clinical success was defined as no evidence of leaks during the follow-up evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TTE was feasible in 11 of 12 patients (technical success 92%). The mean systemic pressure was 117 mm Hg. The mean intrasac pressure before embolization was 75 mm Hg (range, 39 to 125 mm Hg), 16.5 mm Hg (range, 7 to 40 mm Hg) in 10 patients after embolization, and it increased in one patient. CT scans at 24 hours showed stable contrast medium inside the sac in 10 patients. Only minor complications were observed during follow-up. At the 1-year follow-up, no recurrence of leaks was noted, and sac diameter was reduced in 10 of 11 patients. As a result, TTE clinical success was obtained in 10 (83%) of 12 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TTE appears to be a feasible technique for the complete exclusion of type II endoleaks. Technical and clinical successes are comparable with other treatment strategies, and TTE should be considered an alternative to direct translumbar puncture of the aneurysm sac.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphological and Biomedical Sciences-Radiology Institute, Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital GB Rossi, Verona, Italy. giancarlo.mansueto@univr.it
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mansueto
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cenzi
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scuro
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gottin
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Griso
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Gumbs
authors.forename: Roberto Pozzi
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Mucelli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging