title: Cerebral changes and cognitive dysfunctions in medication-free schizophrenia - an fMRI study.
abstract: Proposing cognitive impairment in working memory (wm) functions as a cognitive core deficit in schizophrenia, 23 first episode, medication-free schizophrenic patients in a comparison of healthy adults have been investigated by fMRI. Additionally, the effects of different attentional demands in wm tasks were analysed. A wm paradigm was applied, in which stimuli were presented in a 2-back and a 0-back condition in a non-degraded and degraded version. As hypothesized in healthy controls increased activity during both 2-back tasks was found in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), parietal regions, the thalamus and the cerebellum. Different activation patterns were found for the cingulate cortex in the 2-back degraded conditions. The comparison between healthy controls and schizophrenic patients revealed decreased activity in the right VLPFC in patients as well as increased activity in temporal regions. Furthermore patients' task performance quality was significantly lower for 2-back conditions. Schizophrenic patients use different cognitive strategies to solve working memory tasks, reflected in significantly altered cerebral activity. However, the different fMRI working memory correlates found in schizophrenic patients seem to be insufficient in terms of overall task performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scheuerecker
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ufer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zipse
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Frodl
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koutsouleris
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zetzsche
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiesmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brückmann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: H-J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Meisenzahl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index