title: Field efficacy of phoxim 50% (ByeMite) against the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae in battery cages stocked with laying hens.
abstract: Infestations with the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae represent a major ectoparasite problem in poultry and can affect egg layers worldwide. There is presently a lack of an ectoparasiticide in Europe for poultry which can assure a 0-day withholding period for eggs. In this study, ByeMite (phoxim 50%, Bayer HealthCare, Animal Health Division) was administered to treat a D. gallinae infestation in a poultry house stocked with egg-laying hens kept in a cage system. A layer house was sprayed twice within a 7-day interval using a solution containing 2000 ppm phoxim and a similar layer house was used as an untreated control unit. Specially developed D. gallinae traps made of cardboard were used to assess the mite density in both layer houses during a 49-day period after the treatment. In order to collect mites, the traps were placed on days--1, 2, 6, 9, 13, 20, 34 and 48 and always removed after 24 h. The collected mites were counted and differentiated according to their developmental stage (mite eggs, larvae, nymphs, adults). Three days after the first spray treatment, the efficacy against all mite stages (larvae, nymphs, adults) was 96.1%, and from day 7 post-treatment until the end of the trial (day 49) the efficacy exceeded 99%. In contrast, in the untreated layer house (negative control group) the mite population showed a 400% increase. No treatment-related side effects in chickens were detectable. It is concluded that two administrations of ByeMite within a 7-day interval are highly effective against D. gallinae infestations in a stocked poultry house.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Practice for Poultry and Pigs Am Bergweg, Lohne, Germany.
authors.forename: Borris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meyer-Kühling
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pfister
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Müller-Lindloff
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008924:Mite Infestations / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D008925:Mites / Q000187:drug effects*; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010058:Oviposition; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; C003135:phoxim