title: Complications of hydroxyapatite pegging: comparison between polycarbonate and titanium peg system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polycarbonate peg has been customarily used for pegging of hydroxyapatite for years. For better movement, tissue tolerance, and to decrease the complications of pegging, titanium peg system has been used. This study compares the two systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Complications associated with pegging (polycarbonate: Bio-Eye or titanium: Dr-Perry new P-K) were retrospectively reviewed from the charts of 153 patients admitted to the Labbafinejad Medical Center, Tehran, Iran, for over 5 years from 1997 to 2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 153 cases were studied. Ninety-six (62.3%) were male and 57 (37.7%) were female, and the mean age was 27.7 years (6-59 years). In 88 cases pegs were poly-carbonate and sleeve system and in 65 cases pegs were titanium. Forty-one (46%) of cases with polycarbonate and 18 (27%) of cases with titanium had at least one or more complications (p=0.018). The most common complications were granulation tissue, discharge, overgrowth of conjunctiva, and peg falling out in 25%, 23%, 13%, and 8% in polycarbonate peg and 15%, 5%, 1.5%, and 0% in titanium peg group. The prevalence of the last three complications was statistically lower in titanium peg compared with polycarbonate. Twenty-five cases (35%) with polycarbonate peg and 5 cases (7.5%) with titanium peg had two or more complications (p=0.03). Peg removal was done in 11 cases of polycarbonate but only two cases of titanium peg in order to treat the complication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both pegging systems had some complications, although these were less severe and prevalent in titanium peg. More studies on complications due to titanium pegs are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. hosalour@hotmail.com
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Salour
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eshaghi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abrishami
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bagheri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aletaha
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D017886:Durapatite; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005137:Eye, Artificial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020273:Orbital Implants; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D053831:Surgical Fixation Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014025:Titanium / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement; C005506:polycarbonate; D017886:Durapatite; D014025:Titanium