title: Early detection of regional myocardial dysfunction in paced children with congenital complete atrioventricular block.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Right ventricular apical pacing leads to global left ventricular dysfunction. Assessment of regional myocardial function may allow for earlier detection of pacing-induced myocardial remodeling. The aim of this study was to evaluate regional myocardial function in paced children with congenital complete atrioventricular block (CCAVB).
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated regional myocardial function using strain echocardiography and tissue velocity imaging in 10 paced children with CCAVB and in 14 age-matched healthy children. Echocardiograms of the paced children were obtained during intrinsic junctional rhythm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had normal biventricular size and global function. The time from R wave to peak regional strain rate and the time from R wave to peak regional myocardial tissue velocity were measured in nine segments. The differences between maximum and minimum values were used as a measure of contraction delay (dSR and dTV). Study group patients had significantly higher dSR and dTV values compared to the control group. Mean peak strain rates and peak tissue velocities obtained from same segments were significantly decreased in the study group compared to the control group. Regional dysfunction was more prominent in the areas of ventricular pacing. No significant correlation is found between the duration of pacing (2.5-18 years) and dSR, dTV, mean peak strain rates, or mean peak tissue velocities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pacing leads to regional myocardial dysfunction that can be detected with strain echocardiography and tissue velocity imaging during intrinsic junctional rhythm in children with CCAVB. Pacing-induced regional myocardial remodeling does not seem to progress with long-term right ventricular pacing in children with CCAVB.
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA. tuzcuvolkan@uams.edu
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tuzcu
authors.forename: Jimmy P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bodtke
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Best
mesh_terms: D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D002648:Child; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006327:Heart Block / Q000151:congenital* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male