title: Pediatric auricular chondrocytes gene expression analysis in monolayer culture and engineered elastic cartilage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was aimed at regenerating autologous elastic cartilage for future use in pediatric ear reconstruction surgery. Specific attentions were to characterize pediatric auricular chondrocyte growth in a combination culture medium and to assess the possibility of elastic cartilage regeneration using human fibrin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory experiment using human pediatric auricular chondrocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric auricular chondrocytes growth kinetics and quantitative gene expression profile in three different types of media were compared in primary culture and subsequent three passages. Large-scale culture-expanded chondrocytes from the combination medium were then mixed with human fibrin for the formation of elastic cartilage via tissue engineering technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The equal mixture of Ham's F12 and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (FD) promoted the best chondrocyte growth at every passage compared to the individual media. Chondrocytes differentiation index; ratio of type II to type I collagen gene expression level, aggrecan and elastin expression gradually decreased while passaging but they were then restored in engineered tissues after implantation. The engineered cartilage was glistening white in color and firm in consistency. Histological evaluation, immunohistochemistry analysis and quantitative gene expression assessment demonstrated that the engineered cartilage resemble the features of native elastic cartilage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pediatric auricular chondrocytes proliferate better in the combination medium (FD) and the utilization of human fibrin as a biomaterial hold promises for the regeneration of an autologous elastic cartilage for future application in ear reconstructive surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (National University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: B H I
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Ruszymah
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Lokman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asma
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Munirah
authors.forename: Kienhui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Mazlyzam
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Isa
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Fuzina
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Aminuddin
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D003470:Culture Media; D004423:Ear / Q000502:physiology*; D051472:Elastic Cartilage / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005337:Fibrin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008416:Mastoid / Q000601:surgery; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D012038:Regeneration; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D012313:RNA; D005337:Fibrin