Acute and chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents.
With the increase in prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adolescents, a rise in incidence of secondary comorbidities--including hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, nephropathy, and retinopathy--is anticipated. Furthermore, findings of studies in young adults have suggested that the development and progression of clinical complications might be especially rapid when the onset of type 2 diabetes is early, raising the possibility of a serious public-health challenge in the next few decades. To date, reports of the epidemiology and natural history of secondary complications specifically in adolescents with type 2 diabetes have been scarce. Yet, we must begin to understand the extent of the coming challenge. To this end, we have reviewed reports on acute and long-term comorbidities associated with type 2 diabetes in young people and have looked at mounting evidence that this group could be at increased risk for development of early complications.
Pinhas-Hamiel
Orit
O
Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel. Electronic address: orithami@sheba.health.gov.il.
Zeitler
Philip
P
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence