title: RhoC is essential for the metastasis of gastric cancer.
abstract: Rho family members are known to regulate malignant transformation and motility of cancer cells, but the clinicopathological significance of RhoC remains unclear yet in the case of gastric cancer. In this study, we evaluated the protein expression level of RhoC in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Results showed that only weak staining of RhoC was detected in 3 of 33 non-tumorous cases by immunohistochemistry. The expression of RhoC was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues (23/42, 54.8%) than in non-tumorous tissues (p < 0.01). Further analysis demonstrated that RhoC had high specificity (80.0%) in detecting gastric carcinomas with metastatic potential. RhoC was positively expressed in 18 out of 20 metastases (90.0%), even higher than that in primary gastric cancer tissues. Western blot showed that RhoC was up-regulated in five different gastric cancer cell lines but not expressed in SV40-transformed immortal gastric epithelial cell GES-1. Overexpression of RhoC GTPase in GES-1 cells could produce the motile and invasive phenotype but did not alter the monolayer growth rate. To further study the functions of RhoC, we took the powerful siRNA technology to knock down the expression of RhoC in SGC7901 cells. It was shown that down-regulation of RhoC did not affect the proliferation of SGC7901 cells. However, interference of RhoC expression could inhibit migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth of SGC7901 cells. In conclusion, RhoC may play a very important role in the metastasis of gastric carcinoma. Therapeutic strategies targeting RhoC and RhoC-mediated pathways may be a novel approach for treating metastasis of gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guoyun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Yanglin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Yongquan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Daiming
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D020868:Gene Silencing / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014162:Transfection; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000075024:rhoC GTP-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C066690:RHOC protein, human; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins; D000075024:rhoC GTP-Binding Protein