title: Vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone levels in relation to blood pressure: a population-based study in older men and women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence is accumulating that the vitamin D endocrine system has physiological functions beyond bone health including a role in the regulation of blood pressure. Effects of poor vitamin D status on blood pressure may be mediated by elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and PTH levels are independently associated with blood pressure in a population-based study of older men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were participants of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, aged 65 years and older. In 1205 participants, serum 25(OH)D and PTH levels were determined and diastolic and systolic blood pressure were measured. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed with adjustments for age, sex, region, season, lifestyle factors (physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake), and waist circumference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum 25(OH)D was not significantly associated with diastolic (beta 0.00, P = 0.98) or systolic (beta 0.06, P = 0.11) blood pressure. In contrast, higher ln-PTH levels were significantly associated with higher diastolic (beta 1.93, P = 0.03) and systolic (beta 4.67, P = 0.01) blood pressure. Higher PTH levels were associated with a substantially higher prevalence of hypertension (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.31-3.06 for the highest versus the lowest quartile), whereas 25(OH)D showed no significant association (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.47-1.69 for the lowest versus the highest 25(OH)D category).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that PTH is a potentially modifiable determinant of blood pressure in the general elderly population. Serum 25(OH)D, however, was not associated with blood pressure, possibly due to the relatively high levels in our population.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. marieke.snijder@falw.vu.nl
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Snijder
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lips
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Seidell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: D J H
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Deeg
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: van Dam
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D013599:Systole; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: C470125:PTH protein, human; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D