title: Gene cloning and characterization of the very large NAD-dependent l-glutamate dehydrogenase from the psychrophile Janthinobacterium lividum, isolated from cold soil.
abstract: NAD-dependent l-glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD-GDH) activity was detected in cell extract from the psychrophile Janthinobacterium lividum UTB1302, which was isolated from cold soil and purified to homogeneity. The native enzyme (1,065 kDa, determined by gel filtration) is a homohexamer composed of 170-kDa subunits (determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). Consistent with these findings, gene cloning and sequencing enabled deduction of the amino acid sequence of the subunit, which proved to be comprised of 1,575 amino acids with a combined molecular mass of 169,360 Da. The enzyme from this psychrophile thus appears to belong to the GDH family characterized by very large subunits, like those expressed by Streptomyces clavuligerus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (about 180 kDa). The entire amino acid sequence of the J. lividum enzyme showed about 40% identity with the sequences from S. clavuligerus and P. aeruginosa enzymes, but the central domains showed higher homology (about 65%). Within the central domain, the residues related to substrate and NAD binding were highly conserved, suggesting that this is the enzyme's catalytic domain. In the presence of NAD, but not in the presence of NADP, this GDH exclusively catalyzed the oxidative deamination of l-glutamate. The stereospecificity of the hydride transfer to NAD was pro-S, which is the same as that of the other known GDHs. Surprisingly, NAD-GDH activity was markedly enhanced by the addition of various amino acids, such as l-aspartate (1,735%) and l-arginine (936%), which strongly suggests that the N- and/or C-terminal domains play regulatory roles and are involved in the activation of the enzyme by these amino acids.
authors.affiliation: Microbial Genetics Division, Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryushi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakuraba
authors.forename: Toshihisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohshima
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D020134:Catalytic Domain / Q000235:genetics; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism; D042802:Oxalobacteraceae / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D021122:Protein Subunits; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D021122:Protein Subunits; D009243:NAD; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D009249:NADP; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase