title: Single daily dose of cyclosporine in patients with primary glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Single daily dose cyclosporine (SDD-CsA) might be a new option providing comparable efficacy, increased compliance and less nephrotoxicity compared to standard twice-daily dose cyclosporine (TDD-CsA). The aim of this trial was to prove the feasibility of SDD-CsA as primary and secondary maintenance therapy in patients with nephrotic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated 25 adult patients with nephrotic syndrome and chronic primary glomerulonephropathy with SDD-CsA for a period of 12 months or more. 12 patients were pre-treated with twice-daily dose cyclosporine (TDD-CsA) and were then switched secondarily to a single daily dose after a median period of 8 months (sSDD-CsA). 13 patients were treated primarily with single daily dose cyclosporine (pSDD-CsA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In primary SDD-CsA patients, proteinuria decreased significantly from 9.2 - 0.8 g/l (p = 0.02) and serum protein increased significantly from 54 - 71 g/l (p = 0.03) during the study period. In secondary SDD-CsA patients, serum protein increased further (64 - 69, p = 0.04) after switching to SDD-CsA. In secondary SDD-CsA patients, the median total daily CsA dose was significantly lower (200 mg) with SDD-CsA compared to previous twice-daily dosing (300 mg, p = 0.01). Serum creatinine did not differ significantly before and after therapy and between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SDD-CsA is effective in patients with nephrotic syndrome as primary and secondary maintenance therapy. SDD-CsA allows for significantly lower total daily doses, probably with less nephrotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Rasche
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kunze
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boesler
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Czock
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D003404:Creatinine