title: Relation between cognitive dysfunction and reduced vital capacity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with cognitive impairment have fronto-temporal dysfunction. Whereas in some patients with ALS the fronto-temporal dysfunction is undoubtedly due to the degenerative process associated with the disease, in others dysfunction cannot be accounted for by an irreversible degenerative process alone, as it also appears to involve a reversible process. We hypothesised that reduced vital capacity can be a key contributor to the fronto-temporal dysfunction observed in patients with ALS.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between fronto-temporal dysfunction and reduced vital capacity in ALS.
  
  
  METHODS
  16 consecutive patients who conformed to a diagnosis of definite or probable ALS (El escorial criteria) were grouped by vital capacity, and their clinical characteristics and cognitive functions, including disease duration, attention, executive function and memory, were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with a reduced vital capacity performed significantly poorer in memory retention (p = 0.028), retrieval efficacy (p = 0.003), spoken verbal fluency (p = 0.03) and spoken verbal fluency indexes (p = 0.016) than those with a normal vital capacity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fronto-temporal dysfunction in ALS might be attributable to potentially reversible secondary effects associated with reduced vital capacity, as well as to the primary degenerative process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yon-Gun Dong, Chong-Ro, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: S-M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K-M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y-H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: H-W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: J-J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: K-W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D001288:Attention; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010700:Phonetics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D014705:Verbal Behavior