title: Modeling of the aorta artery aneurysms and renal artery stenosis using cardiovascular electronic system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aortic aneurysm is a dilatation of the aortic wall which occurs in the saccular and fusiform types. The aortic aneurysms can rupture, if left untreated. The renal stenosis occurs when the flow of blood from the arteries leading to the kidneys is constricted by atherosclerotic plaque. This narrowing may lead to the renal failure. Previous works have shown that, modelling is a useful tool for understanding of cardiovascular system functioning and pathophysiology of the system. The present study is concerned with the modelling of aortic aneurysms and renal artery stenosis using the cardiovascular electronic system.
  
  
  METHODS
  The geometrical models of the aortic aneurysms and renal artery stenosis, with different rates, were constructed based on the original anatomical data. The pressure drop of each section due to the aneurysms or stenosis was computed by means of computational fluid dynamics method. The compliance of each section with the aneurysms or stenosis is also calculated using the mathematical method. An electrical system representing the cardiovascular circulation was used to study the effects of these pressure drops and the compliance variations on this system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed the decreasing of pressure along the aorta and renal arteries lengths, due to the aneurysms and stenosis, at the peak systole. The mathematical method demonstrated that compliances of the aorta sections and renal increased with the expansion rate of the aneurysms and stenosis. The results of the modelling, such as electrical pressure graphs, exhibited the features of the pathologies such as hypertension and were compared with the relevant experimental data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude from the study that the aortic aneurysms as well as renal artery stenosis may be the most important determinant of the arteries rupture and failure. Furthermore, these pathologies play important rules in increase of the cardiovascular pulse pressure which leads to the hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University, Tehran, Iran. inspect@chagalesh.com
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hassani
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navidbakhsh
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rostami
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology; D001014:Aortic Aneurysm / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D001698:Biomedical Engineering / Q000379:methods; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008954:Models, Biological; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*