title: [Distribution and drug resistance spectrum analysis of 2478 clinical bacterial and Candida isolates].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the distribution and drug resistance spectrum of clinical bacterial and Candida isolates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Most of the bacterial isolates were identified using automated BD Phoenix, and a few with K-B method carried out manually. Candida isolates were identified by color-display plate and K-B method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common isolates in the 2478 strains were P. aeruginosa (15.6%), E. coli (11.5%), C. albicans (9.6%), K. pneumoniae (9.3%), S. aureu (8.2%), and S. epidermidis (7.5%). In gram-negative isolates, the antibiotics with the lowest resistance rate were meraopenem (14.4%), cefoperazone/Sulbactam (14.8%), Imipenem (21.9%), piperacillin/tazobactam (27.4%), ceftazidime (30.0%), amikacin (31.1%), and cefepime (33.1%). The detection rate of E.coli and K. pneumoniae isolates producing extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs) were 47.4% and 37.3% respectively. In gram-positive isolates, the antibiotics with the lowest resistance rate were vancomycin (0.9%), teicoplanin (1.1%), nitrofurantoin (6.9%), amikacin (20.1%), chloramphenicol (30.7%), and cefoperazone/sulbactam (31.5%). The methecillin-resistant rates of S. aureu , S. epidermidis, and S. haemolyticus were 57.1%, 65.0%, and 66.0%. For Candida isolates, the most sensitive antibiotics were amphotericin B (0.3%), nystain (0.3%), itraconazole (5.6%), fluconazole (9.4%), and fluorocytosine (9.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest high rate of ESBL production and oxacillin resistance of the bacteria isolated in the hospital. More rational use of antimicrobial agents is crucial for reducing the drug-resistance of the bacteria, and effective measures must be taken to reduce dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors.forename: Sui-na
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: Xiao-hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yong-yu
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Rui
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010068:Oxacillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001618:beta-Lactamases; D010068:Oxacillin