title: Oxidation sensitivity of the catalytic cysteine of the protein-tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2.
abstract: Reversible oxidation of the catalytic cysteine of protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) has emerged as a putative mechanism of activity regulation by physiological cell stimulation with growth factors, and by cell treatments with adverse agents such as UV irradiation. We compared SHP-1 and SHP-2, two structurally related cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine phosphatases with different cellular functions and cell-specific expression patterns, for their intrinsic susceptibility to oxidation by H(2)O(2). The extent of oxidation was monitored by detecting the modification of the PTP catalytic cysteine by three different methods, including a modified in-gel PTP assay, alkylation with a biotinylated iodoacetic acid derivative, and an antibody against oxidized PTPs. Dose-response curves for oxidation of the catalytic domains of SHP-1 and SHP-2 were similar. SHP-1 and -2 require relatively high H(2)O(2) concentrations for oxidation (half-maximal oxidation at 0.1-0.5 mM). For SHP-1, the SH2 domains had a significant protective function with respect to oxidation. In EOL-1 cells, SHP oxidation by exogenous H(2)O(2) in general and SHP-2 oxidation in particular was strongly diminished compared to HEK293 cells, at least partially related to a generally lower oxidant sensitivity of the EOL-1 cells. The data suggest that the differential cell functions of SHP-1 and SHP-2 are not related to differences in oxidation sensitivity. The modulating effects of SH2 domains for oxidation of these PTPs are in support of an enhanced oxidation susceptibility of activated SHPs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, University of Uppsala, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Weibrecht
authors.forename: Sylvia-Annette
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Böhmer
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dagnell
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kappert
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ostman
authors.forename: Frank-D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Böhmer
mesh_terms: D020134:Catalytic Domain; D002460:Cell Line; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054593:SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D018909:src Homology Domains
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C516724:PTPN11 protein, human; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D054593:SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D003545:Cysteine