title: Immunohistochemical profile of some neurotransmitters and neurotrophins in the seminiferous tubules of rats treated by lonidamine.
abstract: Lonidamine (LND) or [1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid] is an anticancer and antispermatogenic drug that exerts a large number of effects on tumor cells and germ cells. Sexually mature male Sprague-Dawley rats were housed at 22 degrees C on a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle 1 week before the experiments, with free access to food and water. LND was suspended in 0.5% methylcellulose at a concentration of 10 mg/mL and administered orally at the dose of 10 mL/kg (b.w.) as a single dose. Control rats received an equal amount of vehicle. Testes were removed, fixed for 24 h in 2% glutaraldehyde and 2% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M sodium phosphate (pH 7.2 at 22 degrees C), rinsed with the same buffer, and stored at room temperature. From each sample, a block of tissue was removed by sectioning through the organ. After dehydration in ethanol at increasing concentrations (70-100%), each block was embedded in paraffin and serial 5 mm thick sections were cut using a rotatory microtome. The immunoreactivity for NTs has been observed in spermatogonia of untreated rats, while the rats treated with LND showed an immunohistochemical localization in all the stages of germinal cells. The generally well-expressed immunoreactivity for the neurotrophins receptors in treated rats observed in our study is presumably attributable to alterations of the receptors' structure and/or expression leading to changes of the activity, affinity, localization or protein interactions that may depend on sensitization of ion channels (induced by LND). Neurotrophins (NTs) appear to be interesting proteins for the modulation of sperm maturation and motility with a prominent role for the nerve growth factor (NGF), that may exert an autocrine or paracrine role. We therefore investigated the location and distribution of immunoreactivity for some neurotransmitters (SP, VIP, CGRP, nNOS, Chat), neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT-3) and their own receptors (TrKA, TrKB, TrKC, p75) in the seminiferous tubules of male rats treated by LND in the light of the literature on this topic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology, V. Erspamer University of Rome La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5 00185 Rome, Italy. marco.artico@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Artico
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bronzetti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Saso
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Felici
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Ambrosio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forte
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ortolani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007191:Indazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D020933:Neurotrophin 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020917:Receptor, trkA / Q000378:metabolism; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D012671:Seminiferous Tubules / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013373:Substance P / Q000378:metabolism; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D007191:Indazoles; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D020933:Neurotrophin 3; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; C068313:Ngfr protein, rat; D013373:Substance P; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase; D020917:Receptor, trkA; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; C016371:lonidamine