title: [Differential diagnosis and treatment options for conjunctival tumors].
abstract: The diagnostic classification of most conjunctival tumors is based on case history, inspection, and examination with the slit lamp microscope. Further imaging procedures are rarely indicated when malignant processes are not circumscribed. Clinical classification then also includes palpation and echographic examination of regional lymph nodes. Pigmented and nonpigmented melanocytic nevi are the most frequent conjunctival tumors. An important practical biomicroscopic cardinal symptom of the most frequent nevi is the presence of epithelial pseudocysts. Essential in practice is the histopathological confirmation of the clinical diagnosis, e.g., distinguishing between nonpigmented melanomas and sebaceous gland carcinomas with a pagetoid growth pattern or squamous cell carcinomas. Depending on the course and findings, the following therapeutic measures can be indicated: cryotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, modified enucleation, orbital exenteration, or a combination of different methods.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik mit Poliklinik der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen. leonard.holbach@augen.imed.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Holbach
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pogorelov
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Kruse
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000473:pathology; D003230:Conjunctival Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009508:Nevus, Pigmented / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy