title: Evaluation of some factors affecting the agreement between the Proview Eye Pressure Monitor and the Goldmann applanation tonometer measurements.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our aim was to examine whether training level and ocular factors could account for part of the difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) measured using the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) and Proview Eye Pressure Monitor (PPT).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and nineteen individuals (238 eyes) were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 35.8 years (range 21 to 79). All study participants obtained IOP measurements using the PPT after hearing instructions on how to perform PPT. Glaucoma patients obtained additional IOP measurements using PPT after viewing an instructional video and after 30 days of home use. IOP was also measured using the GAT at each experimental session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The difference in IOP measured by the GAT and the PPT was 0.55 +/- 3.38 mmHg, 0.17 +/- 3.79 mmHg and -1.30 +/- 3.79 mmHg for myopic, emmetropic and hypermetropic groups, respectively, which were statistically significant (ANCOVA; p = 0.014). The difference in IOP between GAT and PPT was not significantly different for measurements obtained after verbal instructions, instructional video or after 30 days of home use (Repeated-ANCOVA; p = 0.30). The overall agreement between the GAT and the PPT was poor. Intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.575, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of agreement was -6.93 to +6.73 mmHg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a small systematic difference in IOP measured by the GAT and PPT when comparing the different refraction groups; however, this level of difference between the groups is unlikely to be of clinical significance. The level of training in using the PPT did not influence its measurements. The limits of agreement between the PPT and the GAT were wide and long-term use of PPT did not improve its agreement.
authors.affiliation: Southern College of Optometry Memphis, Tennessee 38104-2222, USA. contact@pinakin-gunvant.com
authors.forename: Pinakin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gunvant
authors.forename: Christopher W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lievens
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gerstner
authors.forename: Freddy
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Haine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D003315:Cornea / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012648:Self Care; D013663:Teaching; D013997:Time Factors; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*