title: [Influence of local anaesthesia on short- and long-term pain induced in calves by three bloodless castration methods].
abstract: Behavioural and cortisol responses of calves were used as indicators of pain to assess short- and long-term effects of three bloodless castration methods with and without local anaesthesia. Eighty calves, aged 21 to 28 days, were control handled (20) or castrated by Burdizzo (25), rubber ring (25), or crushing technique (10). Either a total volume of 10 ml of Lidocaine or NaCl was distributed in both spermatic cords and the scrotal neck. The plasma cortisol response was monitored for 72 hours, and behavioural and clinical traits over a three-month period. Castration success was assessed by degree of atrophy and histological tissue examination. The crushing technique cannot be recommended due to incomplete castration success, and the evaluation was stopped after 10 animals. Local anaesthesia reduced the level of indicators of acute pain after Burdizzo and rubber ring technique. It did, however, not result in a totally painless castration. When castration is performed at the age of 3 to 4 weeks, the rubber ring but not the Burdizzo method showed evidence of chronic pain lasting for several weeks.
authors.affiliation: Wiederkäuerklinik, Departement für klinische Veterinärmedizin der Universität Bern.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thüer
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Doherr
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wechsler
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Mellema
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nuss
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirchhofer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steiner
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000662:veterinary*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006234:Handling, Psychological; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D010173:Palpation / Q000662:veterinary; D012611:Scrotum / Q000503:physiopathology; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D008012:Lidocaine; D006854:Hydrocortisone