title: Mechanisms for the acute effect of fructose on postprandial lipemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A high fructose intake can lead to postprandial hypertriacylglycerolemia. The underlying mechanism is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to investigate the mechanisms involved in fructose-induced hypertriacylglycerolemia and the contribution of de novo lipogenesis in an acute setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized, crossover study, 14 subjects were given a fructose or glucose test meal after an overnight fast. [(2)H2]Palmitate and [U(13)C]d-fructose or [U(13)C]d-glucose were added to trace the handling of dietary fats and the fate of dietary sugars in the body. Blood samples were taken before and after the meal. Respiratory exchange ratio was measured by using indirect calorimetry, and breath samples were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma triacylglycerol and VLDL-triacylglycerol concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.001 for both), whereas the concentrations of insulin and [(2)H2]palmitate in nonesterified fatty acids were significantly lower after fructose than after glucose (P = 0.002 and 0.03, respectively). The respiratory exchange ratio was higher after fructose (P = 0.04); significantly (P = 0.003) more carbon from sugars was recovered in breath carbon dioxide over 6 h after fructose (30.5%) than after glucose (24.5%). At 240 min, newly synthesized fatty acids from fructose made up approximately 0.4% of circulating VLDL-triacylglycerol, whereas newly synthesized triacylglycerol-glycerol made up 38%. Newly synthesized fatty acids and triacylglycerol-glycerol from glucose contributed almost none of VLDL-triacylglycerol (P = 0.002 and 0.007 for glucose and fructose, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lower insulin excursion after fructose may result in less activation of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase, which led to impaired triacylglycerol clearance. The contribution of de novo lipogenesis to fructose-induced hypertriacylglycerolemia is small, but its effect on altering the partitioning of fatty acids toward esterification may be considerable.
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mary F-F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Fielding
authors.forename: Keith N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Frayn
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D001944:Breath Tests; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000378:metabolism; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010168:Palmitates; D019518:Postprandial Period; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007328:Insulin; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D010168:Palmitates; D014280:Triglycerides; C030106:very low density lipoprotein triglyceride; D005632:Fructose; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase; D005947:Glucose