title: A randomized trial of induction doses of interferon alone or in combination with ribavirin or ribavirin plus amantadine for treatment of nonresponder patients with chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Efficacy and safety of interferon induction therapy alone or in combination with ribavirin or ribavirin plus amantadine were evaluated in chronic hepatitis C patients who were nonresponders to primary antiviral treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was designed to have 225 HCV nonresponder patients, but at an interim analysis the response rate difference between groups was lower than expected and the enrollment was stopped when 75 patients had been randomized to receive interferon-alpha2a (group A, n = 26), interferon-alpha2a plus 15 mg/kg per day of ribavirin (group B, n = 24), or interferon-alpha2a plus ribavirin plus 200 mg/day of amantadine hydrochloride (group C, n = 25). Treatment duration was 48 weeks. The dose of interferon was 6 MU/day for 4 weeks followed by 3 MU/day for the remaining 44 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On intention-to-treat, the sustained virological response at 24 weeks of follow-up was 11.5% in group A, 12.5% in group B, and 12% in group C. Therapy was discontinued because of adverse effects in three patients in group A (11.5%), three in group B (12.5%), and two in group C (8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonresponders with chronic hepatitis C may achieve a sustained virological response rate of approximately 12% if retreated with interferon induction treatment followed by administration of a daily dose. The addition of ribavirin or amantadine did not seem to improve the response rates.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Cardioangiologia ed Epatologia, Policlinico S. Orsola, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9-40138 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Annagiulia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gramenzi
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andreone
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cursaro
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verucchi
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boccia
authors.forename: Pier Luigi
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Giacomoni
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Furlini
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biselli
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lorenzini
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Attard
authors.forename: Fiorenza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonvicini
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernardi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000547:Amantadine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012254:Ribavirin; D000547:Amantadine