title: [Comparison of premedication regimes. A randomized, controlled trial].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of two premedication regimes with different benzodiazepines on anxiety, hemodynamic data, sympatho-adrenal activity, and bispectral index (BIS) was evaluated during the variable time period prior to induction of anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, double-blind study was performed with 50 ASA class I and II patients. Patients were randomized either to group I: evenings 22.00 hours 50 mg chlorazepate dipotassium (CD), mornings 07.00 hours 25 mg CD, placebo 30 min prior to anesthesia (on demand) or group II: evenings 50 mg CD, mornings placebo, 7.5 mg midazolam on demand.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group I the BIS dropped after administration of 25 mg CD and was significantly lower at 08.00, 09.00 and 10.00 hours compared to baseline (mean+/-SD; 90+/-5, 87+/-7 and 87+/-7, respectively vs. 95+/-4; p<0.05), whereas the BIS of group II did not decrease significantly. Both groups did not differ significantly with respect to all variables obtained throughout the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that 50 mg CD the evening before surgery prevented an increase of anxiety and sympatho-adrenal activity in both groups and might therefore be sufficient as premedication. Fixed time application of 25 mg CD at 07.00 hours or 7.5 mg midazolam 30 min prior to anesthesia did not further affect these variables preoperatively.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schwanenweg 21, 24105 Kiel. meybohm@anaesthesie.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meybohm
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hanss
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bein
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schaper
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buttgereit
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000187:drug effects; D000328:Adult; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003009:Clorazepate Dipotassium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D003009:Clorazepate Dipotassium; D008874:Midazolam; D004837:Epinephrine