title: A methodology for the automated creation of fuzzy expert systems for ischaemic and arrhythmic beat classification based on a set of rules obtained by a decision tree.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the current work we propose a methodology for the automated creation of fuzzy expert systems, applied in ischaemic and arrhythmic beat classification.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proposed methodology automatically creates a fuzzy expert system from an initial training dataset. The approach consists of three stages: (a) extraction of a crisp set of rules from a decision tree induced from the training dataset, (b) transformation of the crisp set of rules into a fuzzy model and (c) optimization of the fuzzy model's parameters using global optimization.
  
  
  METHODS
  The above methodology is employed in order to create fuzzy expert systems for ischaemic and arrhythmic beat classification in ECG recordings. The fuzzy expert system for ischaemic beat detection is evaluated in a cardiac beat dataset that was constructed using recordings from the European Society of Cardiology ST-T database. The arrhythmic beat classification fuzzy expert system is evaluated using the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fuzzy expert system for ischaemic beat classification reported 91% sensitivity and 92% specificity. The arrhythmic beat classification fuzzy expert system reported 96% average sensitivity and 99% average specificity for all categories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed methodology provides high accuracy and the ability to interpret the decisions made. The fuzzy expert systems for ischaemic and arrhythmic beat classification compare well with previously reported results, indicating that they could be part of an overall clinical system for ECG analysis and diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Computer Science, University of Ioannina, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Themis P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Exarchos
authors.forename: Markos G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Tsipouras
authors.forename: Costas P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Exarchos
authors.forename: Costas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papaloukas
authors.forename: Dimitrios I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Fotiadis
authors.forename: Lampros K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Michalis
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000145:classification*; D003663:Decision Trees; D004562:Electrocardiography; D017143:Fuzzy Logic; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000145:classification*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted