title: Nonleaching antimicrobial films prepared from surface-modified microfibrillated cellulose.
abstract: We have prepared potentially permanent antimicrobial films based on surface-modified microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). MFC, obtained by disintegration of bleached softwood sulfite pulp in a homogenizer, was grafted with the quaternary ammonium compound octadecyldimethyl(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ammonium chloride (ODDMAC) by a simple adsorption-curing process. Films prepared from the ODDMAC-modified MFC were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and tested for antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The films showed substantial antibacterial capacity even at very low concentrations of antimicrobial agent immobilized on the surface. A zone of inhibition test demonstrated that no ODDMAC diffused into the surroundings, verifying that the films were indeed of the nonleaching type.
authors.affiliation: Ugelstad Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. martinan@chemeng.ntnu.no
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andresen
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stenstad
authors.forename: Trond
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Møretrø
authors.forename: Solveig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Langsrud
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Syverud
authors.forename: Leena-Sisko
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stenius
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002482:Cellulose