title: International spread of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Schwarzengrund in food products.
abstract: We compared 581 Salmonella enterica serotype Schwarzengrund isolates from persons, food, and food animals in Denmark, Thailand, and the United States by antimicrobial drug susceptibility and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing. Resistance, including resistance to nalidixic acid, was frequent among isolates from persons and chickens in Thailand, persons in the United States, and food imported from Thailand to Denmark and the United States. A total of 183 PFGE patterns were observed, and 136 (23.4%) isolates had the 3 most common patterns. Seven of 14 isolates from persons in Denmark had patterns found in persons and chicken meat in Thailand; 22 of 390 human isolates from the United States had patterns found in Denmark and Thailand. This study suggests spread of multidrug-resistant S. Schwarzengrund from chickens to persons in Thailand, and from imported Thai food products to persons in Denmark and the United States.
authors.affiliation: National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark. faa@food.dtu.dk
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Aarestrup
authors.forename: Rene S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hendriksen
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lockett
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Teates
authors.forename: Patrick F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasman
authors.forename: Gitte
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: Aroon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bangtrakulnonth
authors.forename: Srirat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pornreongwong
authors.forename: Chaiwat
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pulsrikarn
authors.forename: Frederick J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Angulo
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gerner-Smidt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D003132:Commerce; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008461:Meat Products; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D012478:Salmonella Food Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012703:Serotyping; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014422:Turkeys; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology