title: Preemptive sub-Tenon's anesthesia for pars plana vitrectomy under general anesthesia: is it effective?
abstract: To determine whether irrigation of the sub-Tenon's space with anesthetic agents during pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) involving general anesthesia decreases postoperative pain, analgesic use, or nausea.
  
  
  
  A prospective, controlled trial of 46 consecutive patients requesting general anesthesia for PPV who were randomized to receive or not receive a sub-Tenon's space injection prior to surgery. A mixture of 3 mL of 2% lidocaine with hyaluronidase and 3 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine was used to induce local blockade. Pain, postoperative nausea, and analgesia use were evaluated.
  
  
  
  Local blockade did not significantly alter the proportion of reported pain at 30 minutes and 2, 4, and 24 hours after the operation. The local blockade had no effect on reducing postoperative nausea or the number of patients requiring pain medication.
  
  
  
  Local blockade prior to surgery in patients undergoing PPV under general anesthesia does not significantly decrease postoperative pain, analgesic use, or nausea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Callahan Eye Foundation Hospital, USA.
authors.forename: John O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Feist
authors.forename: Rachel S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Vail
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005205:Fascia / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007267:Injections; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; D002045:Bupivacaine