title: In vitro effects of a fraction separated from Polygonum cuspidatum root on the viability, in suspension and biofilms, and biofilm formation of mutans streptococci.
abstract: Polygonum cuspidatum (Polygonaceae) has traditionally been used in folk medicine to control oral diseases. Nevertheless, there are no reports related to its possible effect on the diseases, particularly on biofilm-related diseases such as dental caries. In this study, we evaluated in vitro effects of a fraction separated from Polygonum cuspidatum root on the viability, in both suspension and biofilms, and the biofilm formation of mutans streptococci. The separated fraction (F1) showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against mutans streptococci in suspension, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 31.3-250 microg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) range of 0.5-1 mg/ml. At a concentration of 1.5 mg/ml, F1 killed approximately 2 log(10)CFU/ml of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus after 2h of exposure. In biofilms, F1 also inhibited the viability of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, dependent on the biofilm age, the concentration of F1, and the treatment time. Four hours of exposure to 1.5 mg/ml F1 reduced the viable counts of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus by greater than 2 log(10)CFU/disc. Furthermore, at sub-MIC levels, F1 inhibited biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in a dose-dependent fashion. Based on the preliminary phytochemical analysis, the activity of F1 may be related to the presence of anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, and phenolics. These results indicate that F1 is probably useful in the control of oral biofilms and subsequent dental caries development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Tae-Cheol
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Kee-Wan
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Seong-Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Ho-Keun
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Jae-Gyu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Jeon
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D045468:Fallopia japonica / Q000737:chemistry*; D000432:Methanol; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D016986:Streptococcus sobrinus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C007650:ethyl acetate; D000432:Methanol