title: Characterization of N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2 polymorphisms and haplotype analysis for inflammatory bowel disease and sporadic colorectal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) and 2 (NAT2) are polymorphic isoenzymes responsible for the metabolism of numerous drugs and carcinogens. Acetylation catalyzed by NAT1 and NAT2 are important in metabolic activation of arylamines to electrophilic intermediates that initiate carcinogenesis. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) consist of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), both are associated with increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. We hypothesized that NAT1 and/or NAT2 polymorphisms contribute to the increased cancer evident in IBD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case control study was performed with 729 Caucasian participants, 123 CRC, 201 CD, 167 UC, 15 IBD dysplasia/cancer and 223 controls. NAT1 and NAT2 genotyping were performed using Taqman based techniques. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were characterized for NAT1 and 7 SNPs for NAT2. Haplotype frequencies were estimated using an Expectation-Maximization (EM) method. Disease groups were compared to a control group for the frequencies at each individual SNP separately. The same groups were compared for the frequencies of NAT1 and NAT2 haplotypes and deduced NAT2 phenotypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant differences were found for any comparison. Strong linkage disequilibrium was present among both the NAT1 SNPs and the NAT2 SNPs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study did not demonstrate an association between NAT1 and NAT2 polymorphisms and IBD or sporadic CRC, although power calculations indicate this study had sufficient sample size to detect differences in frequency as small as 0.05 to 0.15 depending on SNP or haplotype.
authors.affiliation: Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA. ssmahi01@gwise.louisville.edu
authors.forename: Suhal S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Mahid
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Colliver
authors.forename: Nigel P S
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Doll
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hein
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Cobbs
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Petras
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galandiuk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; C089384:N-acetyltransferase 1