title: Associations between the use of common medications and sleep architecture in patients with untreated obstructive sleep apnea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is often associated with other disorders, which are usually treated with medications. Little is known about the extent to which medications are used in the OSA population or the effects of common prescription medications on the sleep architecture of patients with OSA. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of use of medications by patients with untreated OSA and to examine the potential associations between specific, frequently used medication types and indexes of sleep architecture assessed through laboratory-based polysomnography.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used a retrospective design with analyses of archival clinical data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary public sleep disorders center in Brisbane, Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of OSA (N = 1779).
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the patients with OSA, 77.1% were taking at least 1 medication; 12.4% were taking beta-adrenergic receptor-blocking agents and 20.8% were taking antidepressant or anxiolytic medications. Analyses of covariance demonstrated reliable effects of medication use on sleep architecture, after accounting for age, sex, and body mass index variables. Both tricyclic and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant or anxiolytic medications were associated with a lower percentage of rapid eye movement sleep and lower sleep-efficiency values in patients with OSA, compared with those not taking any medications. The use of beta-adrenergic receptor-blocking agents and aspirin had no consistent associations with the indexes of sleep architecture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medication use was high within this sample of patients with OSA. Some common medications may be associated with differences in objective sleep quality in a large proportion of patients with OSA. The potential effects of classes of common medication on both the presentation and treatment of OSA need to be further assessed.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia. ssmith@psy.uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Simon S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Kylie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dingwall
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jorgenson
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Douglas
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017286:Polysomnography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000187:drug effects*; D016312:Treatment Refusal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D005473:Fluoxetine; D000639:Amitriptyline; D017374:Paroxetine; D001241:Aspirin