title: Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Dementia has been increasingly more recognized to be a common feature in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), especially in old age. Specific criteria for the clinical diagnosis of dementia associated with PD (PD-D), however, have been lacking. A Task Force, organized by the Movement Disorder Study, was charged with the development of clinical diagnostic criteria for PD-D. The Task Force members were assigned to sub-committees and performed a systematic review of the literature, based on pre-defined selection criteria, in order to identify the epidemiological, clinical, auxillary, and pathological features of PD-D. Clinical diagnostic criteria were then developed based on these findings and group consensus. The incidence of dementia in PD is increased up to six times, point-prevelance is close to 30%, older age and akinetic-rigid form are associated with higher risk. PD-D is characterized by impairment in attention, memory, executive and visuo-spatial functions, behavioral symptoms such as affective changes, hallucinations, and apathy are frequent. There are no specific ancillary investigations for the diagnosis; the main pathological correlate is Lewy body-type degeneration in cerebral cortex and limbic structures. Based on the characteristic features associated with this condition, clinical diagnostic criteria for probable and possible PD-D are proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. muratemre@superonline.com
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emre
authors.forename: Dag
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authors.lastname: Aarsland
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Burn
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duyckaerts
authors.forename: Yoshikino
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Gerald Anthony
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Broe
authors.forename: Jeffrey
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authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: Dennis W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Dickson
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authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: Jennifer
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authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Christopher
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authors.lastname: Goetz
authors.forename: Amos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Korczyn
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lees
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Litvan
authors.forename: Ian
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authors.lastname: McKeith
authors.forename: Warren
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authors.lastname: Olanow
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Poewe
authors.forename: Niall
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Christina
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authors.lastname: Sampaio
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authors.lastname: Dubois
mesh_terms: D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis