title: A comparative study of outcomes and expenses following tetraplegia and paraplegia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A study was designed to directly compare individuals with tetraplegia and paraplegia to further explore neurological and functional outcomes and their impact on the expense of rehabilitation when controlling for level of completeness, age at the time of injury, and length of stay.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample was drawn from the National Spinal Cord Injury Database consisting of 2069 individuals, 1005 with paraplegia and 1064 with tetraplegia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant demographic differences were found between the 2 groups with regard to age, ethnicity, marital status, and employment status. Significant differences were found between the groups with regard to all individual outcome variables (p < .001) and expenses (p < .05). On average, patients with paraplegic injuries evidenced greater change and efficiency on a functional independence measure than patients with tetraplegia. In contrast, patients with tetraplegia showed greater changes and efficiency with regard to ASIA Motor Index scores. Higher rehabilitation expenses were found for patients with tetraplegia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University/ Medical College of Virginia Hospitals, MCV Box 980661, Richmond, VA 23298-0661, USA.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kolakowsky-Hayner
authors.forename: D X
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Cifu
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D012046:Rehabilitation / Q000191:economics; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome