title: Twenty-five-year trends in in-hospital and long-term outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention: a single-institution experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the impact of technological and pharmacological advances on long-term outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention in general clinical practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed in-hospital and long-term outcome of 24,410 percutaneous coronary interventions among 18,575 unique patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention at Mayo Clinic over 25 years. The study population was divided into group 1 (n=3708), coronary interventions from 1979 to 1989; group 2 (n=7020), interventions from 1990 to 1996; group 3 (n=10,952), interventions from 1996 to 2003; and group 4 (n=2730), interventions from 2003 to 2004. Despite the fact that patients in groups 3 and 4 were significantly older, sicker, and had greater prevalence of comorbid conditions, heart failure, and previous revascularization than those in groups 1 and 2, procedural success in groups 3 and 4 improved significantly (94%) versus groups 2 (89%) and 1 (78%) (P<0.001). Significant reduction in in-hospital mortality (groups 4 to 1: 1.8%, 1.7%, 2.6%, 3.0%; P<0.001) and need for emergency bypass surgery (groups 4 to 1: 0.4%, 0.5%, 1.6%, 5%; P<0.001) was noted in groups 3 and 4 compared with groups 1 and 2. Better adherence to currently recommended evidence-based medications for secondary prevention was seen in the recent time periods. After adjustment, significant reduction in follow-up mortality (hazard ratio, 0.81 and 0.74 for groups 3 and 4, respectively); death or myocardial infarction (hazard ratio, 0.80 and 0.75 for groups 3 and 4, respectively); death, myocardial infarction, or revascularization (hazard ratio, 0.76 and 0.58 for groups 3 and 4, respectively) was noted in recent time periods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite higher-risk profiles of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention in recent time periods, procedural success as well as in-hospital and long-term outcomes improved significantly over the last 25 years.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. singh.mandeep@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Mandeep
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Charanjit S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Rihal
authors.forename: Bernard J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Gersh
authors.forename: Ryan J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lennon
authors.forename: Abhiram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sorajja
authors.forename: Rachel E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gullerud
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000639:trends*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome