title: Compared fate of small-diameter Contegras and homografts in the pulmonary position.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study analyzes whether small-diameter Contegras behave in the same way as small-diameter homografts, when implanted for the first time in pulmonary position.
  
  
  METHODS
  Small-diameter conduits include 12 and 14 mm Contegras and 8-14 mm homografts. Graft dysfunction is defined as right ventricular outflow tract obstruction with peak echo-Doppler gradient>40 mmHg, or grade III/IV graft regurgitation. Graft failure is defined as need for conduit replacement or need for catheter or surgical reintervention. Thirty-eight patients who received small Contegras (n=25) and small homografts (n=13) from October 2002 to end December 2006 were studied. The most frequent indication was pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect (n=20; 10 associated with major aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries), followed by truncus arteriosus (n=12). Most patients' characteristics were comparable except that recipients of homografts were smaller (p for body area=0.014). Survival, freedom from graft dysfunction, failure and explantation were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test was used to compare outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were three early and four late deaths. No death was graft related. Survival was 80+/-8.2% for patients with Contegras and 77+/-11.7% for those with allografts: p=0.82. Mean follow-up duration is 22+/-16 months. Freedom from dysfunction for Contegras conduits decreased in the first 6 months and stabilized at 58+/-11% from month 14. For homografts it decreased only 1 year after implantation, down to 35+/-19.7% from month 31: p=0.61. Freedom from Contegras failure diminished the first 16 months to level out at 57+/-13%. No homograft failed the first 2 years. With a p-value of 0.14, homografts tended to fail less frequently. Five grafts were explanted. Freedom from explantation was similar (p=0.98): 90+/-6.7% for Contegras and 75+/-21.6% for homografts at year 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the first 4 years after pulmonary implantation of small-diameter Contegras and homografts, the fate of both conduits was statistically similar, in spite of different behavior. As Contegras is 'off-the-shelf' available, it constitutes a sound alternative to homograft for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in neonates and infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Congenital Cardiac Center (Deutsches Kinderherzzentrum), Sankt Augustin, Germany. n.sinzobahamvya@asklepios.com
authors.forename: Nicodème
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sinzobahamvya
authors.forename: Boulos
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Asfour
authors.forename: Margaretha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boscheinen
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Photiadis
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: Ehrenfried
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hraska
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Brecher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001028:Aortopulmonary Septal Defect / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D002417:Cattle; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000637:transplantation*; D018633:Pulmonary Atresia / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014339:Truncus Arteriosus, Persistent / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery