title: Right-elevated expression of charon is regulated by fluid flow in medaka Kupffer's vesicle.
abstract: Recent studies have revealed that a cilium-generated liquid flow in the node has a crucial role in the establishment of the left-right (LR) axis in the mouse. In fish, Kupffer's vesicle (KV), a teleost-specific spherical organ attached to the tail region, is known to have an equivalent role to the mouse node during LR axis formation. However, at present, there has been no report of an asymmetric gene expressed in KV under the control of fluid flow. Here we report the earliest asymmetric gene in teleost KV, medaka charon, and its regulation. Charon is a member of the Cerberus/DAN family of proteins, first identified in zebrafish. Although zebrafish charon was reported to be symmetrically expressed in KV, medaka charon displays asymmetric expression with more intense expression on the right side. This asymmetric expression was found to be regulated by KV flow because symmetric and up-regulated charon expression was observed in flow-defective embryos with immotile cilia or disrupted KV. Taken together, medaka charon is a reliable gene marker for LR asymmetry in KV and thus, will be useful for the analysis of the early steps downstream of the fluid flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hojo
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sumeragi
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukahara
authors.forename: Hayato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokoi
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jindo
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kage
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: Tetsuaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Koshin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sekimizu
authors.forename: Akimitsu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Davin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Setiamarga
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ooki
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kakihara
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naruse
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeda
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000825:Animal Structures / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000502:physiology; D019521:Body Patterning; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D055457:Nodal Protein; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense / Q000235:genetics; D009990:Oryzias / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D034622:RNA Interference; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D029941:Fish Proteins; D055457:Nodal Protein; C526008:Nodal protein, mouse; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta