title: The feasibility of sentinel node biopsy in the previously treated breast.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) has been a standard technique in early breast cancer. However, it is not clear that the SNB procedure can be applied to second breast cancer or recurrence occurring in the previously treated breast. The purpose of this study was to clarify the feasibility of the SNB procedure in breast cancer occurring in the previously treated breast, and to investigate the factors related to altered lymphatic flow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 2004 and December 2006, 1490 patients underwent the breast SNB procedure. Among them, 31 patients had a history of previous treatments in the same breast. Recent excision biopsy cases were not included in this group. All patients had previous breast-conserving surgery in the same breast. Sixteen patients had axillary dissection, 3 had SNB, and 12 had no axillary treatment. Ten patients had received radiation therapy to the breast and axilla. Visualization of axillary nodes, internal mammary nodes and contralateral axillary nodes was evaluated and compared with pathological results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Axillary nodes were visualized in 23 patients, internal mammary nodes in 7 patients, and contralateral axillary nodes in 7 patients. The patients with previous axillary dissection exhibited altered lymph node distribution, but did not show involvement of contralateral axillary nodes. Visualization of contralateral axillary nodes occurred in 7 of the 10 patients with previous irradiation to breast irrespective of axillary dissection. Twenty-eight patients underwent SNB, 4 of whom showed cancer-positive nodes. Three patients were cancer-positive in non-ipsilateral axillary nodes (one patient showed positive opposite axillary node and two patients showed positive internal mammary nodes).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous axillary dissection or irradiation to the breast greatly influences lymphatic flow. Irradiation to the breast may be a strong factor for the visualization of contralateral axillary nodes. Despite the frequent alteration of lymphatic flow, SNB seems to be feasible in secondary or recurrent breast cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Imaging Group, Institute for Molecular Imaging, National Institutes of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan. mitsuru@nirs.go.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshimoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwase
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Horii
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saga
mesh_terms: D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000601:surgery; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000473:pathology*; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy