title: Effects of alveolar recruitment on arterial oxygenation in patients after cardiac surgery: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulmonary atelectasis and hypoxemia remain considerable problems after cardiac surgery. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of consecutive vital capacity maneuvers (C-VCMs) to improve oxygenation in patients after cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral teaching center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-five patients requiring elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly allocated to either C-VCM or control groups. In the C-VCM group, lung inflation at pressure of 35 cmH(2)O was sustained for 15 seconds before separation from CPB and at 30 cmH(2)O for 5 seconds after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary outcome was the ratio of arterial oxygen tension to inspired oxygen fraction measured at the following predetermined time intervals: after induction of anesthesia, 15 minutes after separation from CPB, after admission to the ICU, after 3 hours of positive-pressure ventilation, after extubation, and before ICU discharge. C-VCM resulted in better arterial oxygenation extending from the immediate postoperative period to approximately 24 hours after surgery at the time of ICU discharge. There were no significant adverse events related to C-VCM application.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C-VCM is an effective method to reduce hypoxemia associated with the formation of atelectasis after cardiac surgery with CPB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minkovich
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Djaiani
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katznelson
authors.forename: Fergal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: Ludwik
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fedorko
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Davy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001158:Arteries / Q000378:metabolism; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D001261:Pulmonary Atelectasis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014797:Vital Capacity