title: Intravesical markers for delineation of target volume during external focal irradiation of bladder carcinomas.
abstract: A clip forceps was developed which can insert markers at the border of a bladder tumour through a rigid cystoscope. This technique proved to be simple and safe and is of help for delineation of the target volume during CT simulation for focal boost irradiation of bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.c.hulshof@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Maarten C C M
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hulshof
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Andel
authors.forename: Arjen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bel
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gangel
authors.forename: Jeroen B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: van de Kamer
mesh_terms: D020684:Cystoscopes; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D047368:Tumor Burden; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*