title: Symptoms of memory loss as predictors of cognitive impairment?: the use and reliability of memory ratings in a clinic population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Symptoms of memory loss are very common with estimated prevalence between 22% and 50% in those older than 65 years of age. Those with symptoms of memory loss and impaired performance on memory tests are at high risk of progression to Alzheimer disease. The relative importance of different aspects of the clinical history in predicting cognitive impairment is uncertain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six patients with symptoms of memory loss were recruited from the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery. A clinician recorded type and duration of memory symptoms as perceived by the patient and their informant, and use of memory aids. All patients subsequently underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychologic testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (i) Informant, but not patient, ratings of memory were associated with performance on tests of memory function and with hippocampal size on MRI. (ii) Decreased use of memory aids and shorter duration of memory symptoms were more common in those with memory impairment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a clinical setting, information gathered from the history was associated with cognitive impairment on memory testing and brain appearances on MRI. The history from a close informant is particularly important being more strongly predictive of cognitive impairment (P=0.0002) than subjective symptoms, use of memory aids or duration of symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Dementia Research Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, UK. harcher@dementia.ion.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Hilary A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: McFarlane
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cutler
authors.forename: Nick C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Martin N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Rossor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking / Q000379:methods; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results