title: Bioinformatics analysis of diabetic retinopathy using functional protein sequences.
abstract: Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness among patients with diabetes mellitus. We evaluated the role of several proteins that are likely to be involved in diabetic retinopathy by employing multiple sequence alignment using ClustalW tool and constructed a phylogram tree using functional protein sequences extracted from NCBI. Phylogram was constructed using Neighbor-Joining Algorithm in bioinformatics approach. It was observed that aldose reductase and nitric oxide synthase are closely associated with diabetic retinopathy. It is likely that vascular endothelial growth factor, pro-inflammatory cytokines, advanced glycation end products, and adhesion molecules that also play a role in diabetic retinopathy may do so by modulating the activities of aldose reductase and nitric oxide synthase. These results imply that methods designed to normalize aldose reductase and nitric oxide synthase activities could be of significant benefit in the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India. allamapparao@gmail.com
authors.forename: Allam Appa
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Hanuman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thota
authors.forename: Ramachandra Sridhar
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gumpeny
authors.forename: Annapurna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akula
authors.forename: Suresh Babu
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Changalasetty
authors.forename: Siva Reddy
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Challa
authors.forename: Tejaswi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ravavarapu
authors.forename: Siva Prasad
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Akula
authors.forename: Ch
authors.initials: Ch
authors.lastname: Divakar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Srinivas
authors.forename: Undurti N
authors.initials: UN
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D019295:Computational Biology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase