title: Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: a comparison between adults and adolescent women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence of classical risk factors and presenting signs and symptoms between adolescents and adults with ectopic pregnancy (EP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A database containing information regarding presentation symptoms, past medical history, and ultimate pregnancy outcomes of patients presenting to the Emergency Department during early pregnancy is maintained in our institution. Data were extracted and analyzed for all patients ultimately diagnosed with EP. Patients were separated into adult (> or =20 years of age) and adolescent groups (<20 years of age). Adjusted comparisons were made between these two groups regarding pain, vaginal bleeding, current and past pelvic infections, prior pregnancy history, and prior surgery using Pearson's chi-square, t test, and multivariable models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of EP was lower in the adolescent group versus the adult group (9.7% versus 21.7%). Classical risk factors such as prior EP (P < 0.01), and prior pelvic surgery (P < 0.01) were significantly more likely to be associated with adults than adolescents with EP. Adolescent patients were significantly more likely to present with abdominal pain (P = 0.045) and current gonorrhea and/or chlamydia (gc/ct) infection (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study suggests that different risk factors may be associated with EP in adolescents compared to adults.
authors.affiliation: Penn Fertility Care, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. menonseema@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Mary D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sammel
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vichnin
authors.forename: Kurt T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Barnhart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005184:Fallopian Tube Diseases; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015231:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial