title: Prenatal alcohol exposure affects frontal-striatal BOLD response during inhibitory control.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prenatal alcohol exposure can lead to widespread cognitive impairment and behavioral dysregulation, including deficits in attention and response inhibition. This study characterized the neural substrates underlying the disinhibited behavioral profile of individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Children and adolescents (ages 8-18) with (n=13) and without (n=9) histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a response inhibition (go/no-go) task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite similar task performance (mean response latency, performance accuracy, and signal detection), blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response patterns differed by group. Region-of-interest analyses revealed that during portions of the behavioral task that required response inhibition, alcohol-exposed participants showed greater BOLD response across prefrontal cortical regions (including the left medial and right middle frontal gyri), while they showed less right caudate nucleus activation, compared with control participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide an account of response inhibition-related brain functioning in youth with FASD. Furthermore, results suggest that the frontal-striatal circuitry thought to mediate inhibitory control is sensitive to alcohol teratogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University, University of California, San Diego, California, USA. sfryer@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Susanna L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Fryer
authors.forename: Susan F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Tapert
authors.forename: Sarah N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Mattson
authors.forename: Martin P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Paulus
authors.forename: Andrea D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Spadoni
authors.forename: Edward P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Riley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000473:pathology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen