title: Markers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation are associated in the offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects.
abstract: The offspring of type 2 diabetic patients are at elevated risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of our study was to characterize the role of various biomarkers of endothelial activation in a cohort of offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects and to assess the association of adhesion molecules with inflammatory markers and metabolic parameters. Cytokine and adhesion molecule levels were measured in 19 healthy subjects and in 129 offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes (109 with normal glucose tolerance and 20 with impaired glucose tolerance). Insulin sensitivity was determined with the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, insulin secretion with the intravenous glucose tolerance test, and abdominal fat distribution with computed tomography. The levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, E-Selectin and vascular adhesion protein-1 were not increased in offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects, but they correlated with inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis-alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-8, interleukin-10 and interleukin-18). In conclusion, the levels of adhesion molecules were not elevated in the prediabetic state. Inflammatory markers and adhesion molecules were correlated suggesting that low-grade inflammation may precede the elevation of levels of adhesion molecules.
authors.affiliation: University of Kuopio, Department of Medicine, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Eija
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruotsalainen
authors.forename: Ilkka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vauhkonen
authors.forename: Urpu
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Salmenniemi
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pihlajamäki
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Punnonen
authors.forename: Sakari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kainulainen
authors.forename: Sirpa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jalkanen
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salmi
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laakso
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; D019040:E-Selectin; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C076668:AOC3 protein, human; D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)