title: Ion release by endodontic grade glass-ionomer cement.
abstract: Cylindrical specimens (6 mm high x 4 mm diameter) of the endodontic grade glass-ionomer (Ketac Endo) were exposed to various media for 1 week, after which changes in their mass, pH of storage medium, and ion release were determined. In water, this cement was shown to release reasonable amounts of sodium, aluminium and silicon, together with smaller amounts of calcium and phosphorus, as well as taking up 2.41% by mass of water. A comparison with the restorative grade materials (Ketac Molar, ex 3M ESPE and Fuji IX, ex GC) showed both ion release and water uptake to be greater. All three cements shifted pH from 7 to around 6 with no significant differences between them. Other storage media were found to alter the pattern of ion release. Lactic acid caused an increase, whereas both saturated calcium hydroxide and 0.6% sodium hypochlorite, caused decreases. This suppression of ion-release may be significant clinically. Aluminium is the most potentially hazardous of the ions involved but amounts released were low compared with levels previously reported to show biological damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Experimental Dentistry, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Czarnecka
authors.forename: Honorata
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Limanowska-Shaw
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hatton
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Nicholson
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007477:Ions; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D007477:Ions; D014867:Water; D019344:Lactic Acid; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium