title: Among women undergoing embryo transfer, is the probability of pregnancy and live birth improved with ultrasound guidance over clinical touch alone? A systemic review and meta-analysis of prospective randomized trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the theory that ultrasound guidance during ET improves clinical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review of prospective, randomized, controlled trials comparing ultrasound with clinical touch methods of embryo catheter guidance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infertility centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  5,968 ET cycles in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Embryo transfer with or without ultrasound guidance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meticulous electronic (e.g., PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL) and hand searches were performed to locate trials. Primary outcome measures were the live-birth, ongoing pregnancy, and clinical pregnancy rates. Secondary outcome measures were the implantation, multiple pregnancies, and miscarriage rates. In addition, the incidences of ectopic pregnancies and difficult transfers were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five studies were retrieved, of which five were excluded. Meta-analysis of the remaining studies (5,968 ET cycles in women) was conducted by using the Mantel-Haenszel method (fixed-effect model). There was a significantly increased chance of a live birth (odds ratio [OR] = 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19 to 2.67), ongoing pregnancy (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.31 to 1.74), clinical pregnancy (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.34 to 1.67), embryo implantation (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.22 to 1.50), and easy transfer rates after ultrasound guidance (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.58 to 0.81). There was no difference in multiple pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, or miscarriage rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound-guided ET significantly increases the chance of live birth and ongoing and clinical pregnancy rates compared with the clinical touch method.
authors.affiliation: The Egyptian IVF-ET Center, Cairo, Egypt. abousetta_md@hotmail.com <abousetta_md@hotmail.com>
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abou-Setta
authors.forename: Ragaa T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Mansour
authors.forename: Hesham G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Al-Inany
authors.forename: Mona M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Aboulghar
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Aboulghar
authors.forename: Gamal I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Serour
mesh_terms: D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000295:instrumentation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050498:Live Birth; D010808:Physical Examination; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D014110:Touch; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional