title: Intestinal and gastric tonometry during experimental burn shock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The occurrence of organ failure following thermal injury, despite restoration of hemodynamic parameters and urine output during resuscitation, has led to efforts to measure end-organ perfusion. The purpose of this 24-h study was to evaluate the utility of gastrointestinal (GI) tonometry during burn shock and resuscitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male swine (n=11, 23.3+/-0.9 kg) were anesthetized with ketamine and propofol. A 70% full thickness burn was caused by immersion in 97 degrees C water for 30 s. Resuscitation with lactated Ringer's, 4 ml/kg/% burn, was begun at hour 6 and titrated to urine output (UO). Arterial blood gases and pulmonary artery catheter data were measured every 6 h. Gastric and ileal regional PCO(2) (PrCO(2)) were measured continuously by air tonometry, and the gastric and ileal intramucosal pH (pHi) and PCO(2) gap (PrCO(2)-PaCO(2)) were calculated every 6 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gastric pHi, ileal PrCO(2), ileal pHi, and ileal PCO(2) gap (but not gastric PrCO(2) or PCO(2) gap) all decreased with shock and were restored to baseline levels by resuscitation. Changes in ileal PrCO(2) were of greater magnitude and demonstrated decreased variability than those in gastric PrCO(2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this model, ileal tonometry outperformed gastric tonometry during burn shock and resuscitation.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3400 Rawley E. Chambers Avenue, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234-6315, USA. Lee.Cancio@amedd.army.mil
authors.forename: Leopoldo C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Cancio
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuwa
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Guy A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Drew
authors.forename: Eleuterio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galvez
authors.forename: Laura Lisa
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Sandoval
authors.forename: Bryan S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Jordan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002056:Burns / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D007082:Ileum / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010313:Partial Pressure; D012151:Resuscitation; D012774:Shock, Traumatic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013270:Stomach / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide