title: Participation in research studies: factors associated with failing to meet minority recruitment goals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the recruitment goals that investigators set for racial/ethnic minorities and the factors associated with failure to meet those goals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred forty principal investigators (PIs) conducting clinical research funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in 2001 completed a mailed survey providing their minority recruitment goals and enrollment data for their most recent NHLBI-funded study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-two percent of PIs set goals for African Americans, 68% for Hispanics, 55% for Asian Americans, 35% for Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders, and 23% of PIs set recruitment goals for American Indians/Native Alaskans. Among those PIs who did set minority recruitment goals, the mean goal for the recruitment of African Americans was 31%, 16% for Hispanics, and 9% for Asian Americans. Twenty-seven percent of PIs failed to meet their recruitment goals for African Americans, 23% for Asian Americans, and 23% for Hispanics. After adjusting for multiple investigator and trial characteristics, the type of study (odds ratio [OR] 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2, 3.4 for observational vs. phase III trial) completion of study enrollment (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2, 3.4), and PI identification of a larger number of major barriers to participation (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.1, 3.0) were all associated with failure to meet recruitment goals for African Americans. However, no factors were consistently associated with failure to meet recruitment goals across different racial/ethnic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Investigators often do not set recruitment goals for some racial/ethnic groups. Factors associated with failure to meet recruitment goals vary in the recruitment of different minority groups.
authors.affiliation: University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. rdurant@dopm.uab.edu
authors.forename: Raegan W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Durant
authors.forename: Roger B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Diane Marie M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: St George
authors.forename: Ishan Canty
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
authors.forename: Giselle M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Corbie-Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards*; D002961:Civil Rights / Q000592:standards; D003625:Data Collection; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D016017:Odds Ratio; D018579:Patient Selection; D012108:Research Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012109:Research Support as Topic / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States