title: Management of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in strawberry fields with Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and acaricides.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) for the control of Tetranychus urticae Koch in commercial strawberry fields, under greenhouse conditions, in association or not with the use of acaricides. The N. californicus strain used in this study was tolerant or resistant to several pesticides. Three experiments were carried out in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. For the first experiment, the initial infestation of T. urticae was 87.1 active stages per leaflet. Two applications of propargite were made on the first and the 14th day of the experiment. Approximately 2 h after each propargite application, N. californicus was released at a rate of 3.0 and 1.9 adult mites per plant, respectively, for each application. The population of T. urticae decreased from 87.1 to 2.8 mites per leaflet in the first three weeks. After this period, the population of T. urticae was maintained at low levels (<or=1.5 mites/leaflet) until the end of the experiment (10th week). Propargite and dimethoate sprayed on the strawberry field did not affect significantly the population of this predaceous mite. For the second experiment, the infestation of T. urticae was 29.1 mites per leaflet, when the acaricide chorfenapyr was applied on the strawberry field. The release of N. californicus (2 mites per plant) was made 2 weeks after spraying the acaricide. The population of T. urticae was maintained at low levels (<or=2.8 mites/leaflet) for 8 weeks (evaluation period). The T. urticae infestations in plots with N. californicus were significantly lower than in non-release plots, for the experiments 1 and 2. In the third experiment, the initial infestation of T. urticae was 40.5 mites per leaflet (55.5 active stages/leaflet on release plants; 25.5 active stages/leaflet on non-release plants). Three releases of N. californicus (average rate of 3.0 adult mites/plant), without any acaricide application, were not sufficient to reduce significantly the T. urticae population in release plots (release plants + non-release plants) in 6 weeks from the first release, however, the spider mite population decreased from 55.5 to 7.8 active stages per leaflet on release plants, during this period. Interplant dispersal of N. californicus was low in this strawberry field with high infestation of T. urticae. The studies indicate the viability of the use of this strain of N. californicus for the control of T. urticae in strawberry fields under greenhouse conditions, especially in association with selective acaricides.
authors.affiliation: Biological Institute, APTA, Caixa Postal 70, Campinas, CEP 13001-970, SP, Brazil. mesato@biologico.sp.gov.br
authors.forename: Mário Eidi
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Marcos Zatti
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Da Silva
authors.forename: Miguel Francisco
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: De Souza Filho
authors.forename: André Luís
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Matioli
authors.forename: Adalton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D004117:Dimethoate; D031985:Fragaria / Q000469:parasitology*; D007306:Insecticides; D008297:Male; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D011897:Random Allocation; D040102:Tetranychidae / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D003510:Cyclohexanes; D007306:Insecticides; C002771:Omite; D004117:Dimethoate