title: Late-presenting developmental dysplasia of the hip treated with the modified Hoffmann-Daimler functional method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The general consensus is that nonoperative treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip should not be attempted for patients in whom previous treatment of the disease has failed, those in whom the disease was neglected, or those in whom the disease presented late. In such cases, it is believed that the optimum period for hip remodeling has passed and that operative methods are preferable. The purpose of the present study was to report the efficacy of a modified form of the Hoffmann-Daimler method for the treatment of late-presenting developmental dysplasia of the hip.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the records of sixty-nine patients (ninety-five hips) with neglected developmental dysplasia of the hip who had been managed nonoperatively with a modification of the Hoffmann-Daimler method from 1971 to 2000. With this method, the patient wears a flexion harness (Phase A), during which time the femoral head is gradually reduced, followed by an abduction splint (Phase B), during which time the reduced hip remodels. We have modified the original method by introducing new treatment strategies. The study group included nine boys and sixty girls. The average age of the patients was sixteen months (range, six to forty-four months) at the start of treatment and 11.5 years (range, six to twenty-nine years) at the time of the latest follow-up. Radiographs were assessed to determine the acetabular index, the Severin classification, and the presence of evidence of osteonecrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis. Hips that were rated as Severin class I or class II were classified as satisfactory, whereas those that were rated as Severin class III or class IV were classified as unsatisfactory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the basis of the most recent follow-up radiographs, eighty-eight (93%) of the dislocated hips were classified as satisfactory (sixty-seven were rated as Severin class I and twenty-one were rated as Severin class II) and seven were classified as unsatisfactory (six were rated as Severin class III and one was rated as Severin class IV). No hip was rated as Severin class V or VI. The average acetabular index was 40 degrees +/- 7.4 degrees prior to the onset of treatment and 24 degrees +/- 5.7 degrees at the end of treatment. No redislocations or other complications were noted. Osteonecrosis was noted in six of the ninety-five hips.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Late-presenting or neglected developmental dysplasia of the hip can be successfully treated with use of a modified Hoffmann-Daimler method. The high rate of successful reduction, the low prevalence of osteonecrosis and residual dysplasia, and the limited complications may make this modified method a safe alternative to surgical treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic Level IV.
authors.affiliation: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 2nd Orthopaedic Department, G. Gennimatas Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. papadig@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Nikolaos G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Papadimitriou
authors.forename: Aggeliki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papadimitriou
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Christophorides
authors.forename: Theodoros A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Beslikas
authors.forename: Perikles K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Panagopoulos
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006618:Hip Dislocation, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome