title: Prevalence and genetic diversity of HIV type 1 subtypes A and D in women attending antenatal clinics in Uganda.
abstract: To monitor the relative prevalence and evolutionary trends of HIV-1 in Uganda, we conducted a retrospective study of pregnant women over the time period 1989-2000. From a total of 300 women sampled, we defined subtypes by heteroduplex mobility assay for 230 subjects and by partial sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the env gene for 216 subjects. Subtypes A and D were most prevalent, and there were no significant trends in relative frequencies of subtypes A (45%), D (41%), C (5%), or recombinants (9%) over the 11 years sampled. There was also no phylogenetic clustering of subtypes related to geography (clinic location) or year of collection. Mean pairwise nucleotide diversity of subtype A (pi = 0.163) and subtype D (pi =0.156) samples did not differ significantly between subtypes, nor did these levels change over the period of the study. This report suggests that among pregnant women in Uganda A and D subtypes are transmitted without geographic constraints, and are not associated with significantly different transmission rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195-8070, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Herbeck
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lyagoba
authors.forename: Sarah W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Nice
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shindo
authors.forename: Benon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Biryahwaho
authors.forename: Pontiano
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaleebu
authors.forename: James I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Mullins
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D015752:Genes, env; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D020180:Heteroduplex Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology