title: Long-term effects of thoracic sympathectomy on microcirculation in the hands of patients with primary Raynaud disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Videothoracoscopic sympathecomy is a widely used treatment modality in patients with severe Raynaud disease, but the reported late results are less than favorable. There have been no direct studies of the long-term effect of sympathectomy on microcirculation in the hands of these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 25 patients with Raynaud disease treated with videothoracoscopic Th2-Th4 sympathectomy, we performed basal laser-Doppler flowmetry and measured the maximal refilling time after 1-minute occlusion measurements preoperatively and at 1 week, 6 months, and 1, 2, 3, and 5 years after the sympathectomy. The results were compared with the same measurements obtained in the group of 50 healthy individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients' symptom severity was assessed by using the visual analogue scale. The basal capillary flow and the maximal refilling time improved after the sympathectomy to a level not different from that seen in the healthy population, and the effect was maintained during the 5-year follow-up period. The patients' symptom severity scores diminished to zero in the early postoperative period and increased to 28% of their initial value 5 years after the operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The videothoracoscopic Th2-Th4 sympathectomy produces excellent and long-lasting improvement of microcirculation function in patients with Raynaud disease. The mild return of symptoms might be due to factors other than the capillary blood flow alterations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland. p.maga@chello.pl
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maga
authors.forename: Jarosław
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuzdzał
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nizankowski
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szczeklik
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sładek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000294:innervation*; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D013562:Sympathectomy / Q000379:methods*; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; D013906:Thoracoscopy; D016896:Treatment Outcome