title: Pain management decision making among long-term care physicians and nurses.
abstract: The purpose of this study is to explore attitudes and beliefs that affect decisions about prescribing and administering pain medications in older adults who live in long-term care (LTC), with a particular emphasis on those with cognitive impairment. At each of the four participating LTC facilities, data were gathered from three separate groups of health care professionals: physicians, registered nurses, and registered practical nurses. Based on grounded theory, a model was developed that highlighted critical decision points for nurses and physicians regarding pain management. The major themes that emerged from the data concerned pain assessment (lack of recognition of pain, uncertainty about the accuracy of pain assessment and diagnosis) and treatment (reluctance to use opioids, working to individualize pain treatments, issues relating to physician trust of the nurse on prescribing patterns). These findings may facilitate the development of innovative approaches to pain management in LTC settings.
authors.affiliation: McMaster University, Canada. kaasal@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaasalainen
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Coker
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dolovich
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papaioannou
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hadjistavropoulos
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Emili
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ploeg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000698:Analgesia / Q000451:nursing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D008297:Male; D008503:Medical Staff / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology; D009743:Nursing, Practical / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration; D009864:Ontario; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D018579:Patient Selection; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000458:organization & administration*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012866:Skilled Nursing Facilities / Q000458:organization & administration