title: Off-pump bypass of the left anterior descending coronary artery: 23- to 34-year follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to develop a baseline for long-term survival of patients after off-pump bypass of the left anterior descending coronary artery with the heart beating.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed results for 241 consecutive patients with significant obstruction of the left anterior descending coronary artery who underwent surgery between November 1969 and the end of 1980. The off-pump operative technique involved elevating and stabilizing a segment of the distal left anterior descending coronary artery with 4 traction sutures. Starting in 1973, an internal thoracic artery became the graft of choice, so that a total of 171 patients received an internal thoracic artery bypass graft, and 70 patients received a saphenous vein graft.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median survival of patients with internal thoracic artery grafts was 23.7 years versus 17.9 years for patients with venous grafts (P < .02). Early patency of arterial grafts was 95%, and late patency was 90%. There were 2 (0.8%) operative deaths. Seventy of the 74 patients still alive in 2003 were interviewed by telephone, and 40 (57%) did not require additional invasive treatment, which is consistent with our finding that more than 50% of our patients after bypass of the left anterior descending coronary remained stable without obstruction of the right or circumflex arteries. However, atherosclerosis progressed in 30 (43%) of the survivors, who underwent reinterventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Off-pump bypass of the left anterior descending coronary artery with an internal thoracic artery can be done on a beating heart safely and results in median survival of patients for more than 23 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, The University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA. drankeney@aol.com
authors.forename: Jay L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ankeney
authors.forename: Darlene J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump / Q000379:methods*; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000637:transplantation; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome