title: Nuclear receptor coregulator (NRC): mapping of the dimerization domain, activation of p53 and STAT-2, and identification of the activation domain AD2 necessary for nuclear receptor signaling.
abstract: Nuclear receptor coregulator (NRC) is a 250-kDa nuclear protein involved in transcriptional activation of nuclear hormone receptors, nuclear factor-kappaB, c-Jun, c-Fos, and cAMP response element-binding protein. NRC is organized into a modular structure consisting of two activation domains (AD1 and AD2), two nuclear hormone receptor-interacting motifs, LxxLL-1 and LxxLL-2, and a C-terminal regulatory region rich in serines, threonines, and leucines. The LxxLL-1 motif of NRC binds to a broad spectrum of nuclear hormone receptors with high affinity whereas LxxLL-2 interacts with a very limited number of receptors. In this study we present further evidence that NRC can act as a dimer and have identified a dimerization region of 146 amino acids including LxxLL-1. Mutation of the core LxxLL-1 motif, however, indicates that it is not involved in the dimerization of NRC. AD2, just C-terminal of LxxLL-1, was found to play a central role in ligand-dependent activation by nuclear receptors even though AD1 exhibits more potent intrinsic activity. Thus, a short region of approximately 300 amino acids including and flanking LxxLL-1 plays an important role in NRC dimerization and nuclear receptor binding and transcriptional activation. In addition, consistent with its role as a cointegrator for transcriptional activation, NRC also functions as a coactivator for signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT-2) and p53. Activation of p53 by NRC appears to involve a novel mechanism where NRC interacts indirectly with p53 through Trap80, a member of the mediator complex, which binds NRC interacting factor-1 (NIF-1), which interacts with and potentiates the effect of NRC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA. muktar.mahajan@med.nyu.edu
authors.forename: Muktar A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Herbert H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Samuels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019281:Dimerization; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D056918:Nuclear Receptor Coactivators; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D051381:Rats; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000502:physiology*; D050795:STAT2 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C486559:NCOA6 protein, human; D056918:Nuclear Receptor Coactivators; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D050795:STAT2 Transcription Factor; C494084:STAT2 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53