title: Association between carotid artery intima-media thickness and early-stage CKD in a Chinese population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) predicts future vascular events in the general population. However, the relationship between IMT and chronic kidney disease (CKD) seldom was tested in subjects with early-stage CKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  1,046 residents in 1 district of Beijing participated in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carotid artery IMT was measured by means of high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the modified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation based on data for Chinese patients with CKD. Albuminuria was evaluated by means of urinary albumin-creatinine ratio on a morning spot urine sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with subjects with eGFR greater than 90 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (>1.50 mL/s/1.73 m(2)), subjects with eGFR of 60 to 89 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (1.00 to 1.49 mL/s/1.73 m(2)) and 30 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (0.50 to 0.99 mL/s/1.73 m(2)) had higher mean IMT (0.74 +/- 0.27 versus 0.82 +/- 0.30 versus 0.94 +/- 0.38 mm; P < 0.001). IMTs of subjects with albuminuria tended to be higher than the mean value (0.79 +/- 0.29 versus 0.93 +/- 0.38 mm; P < 0.001). eGFR and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio significantly correlated with IMT in univariable analysis, but not after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selection bias and low prevalence of CKD might affect the strength of the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this Chinese population older than 40 years, carotid artery IMT was significantly higher in subjects with early-stage CKD. The greater prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with CKD appeared to account for the higher carotid artery IMT.
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Luxia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Litong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Baowei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shuyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lisheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002681:China; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology*; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography