title: Immunological options for the treatment of tuberculosis: evaluation of novel therapeutic approaches.
abstract: The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis strains and the coinfection with HIV, together with advances in immunology, have led to renewed interest regarding ways to exploit the immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis therapeutically. Here we review the fundamentals of tuberculosis therapy in view of the epidemiological and clinical challenges, and explore the experience with immune-based therapies for the treatment of active tuberculosis. These immune-based therapies are discussed here with the aim of assessing their potential use as adjuncts to chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. jachkar@aecom.yu.edu
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Achkar
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casadevall
authors.forename: Aharona
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glatman-Freedman
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000906:Antibodies / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000191:economics; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000906:Antibodies; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D016207:Cytokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha