title: Reoperative hypospadias.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review recent publications on the surgical treatment of hypospadias failures, including prognostic factors, which may influence final outcome in hypospadias surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interim good outcomes for single-stage dorsal inlay grafting in patients with multiple failed repairs would suggest a greater role for this new technique over other available options. Slowly emerging long-term data confirm our suspicion that a good result early on is not necessarily indicative of a satisfactory long-term outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypospadias surgery remains a considerable technical challenge and improvement will come from the development of specialized units.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Hospital di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy. gam_1@libero.it
authors.forename: Gianantonio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Manzoni
authors.forename: Giacinto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marrocco
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*