Shifting toward balance: measuring the distribution of workload among emergency physician teams.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this investigation is to determine time-dependent workload patterns for emergency department (ED) physician teams across work shifts. A secondary aim was to demonstrate how ED demand patterns and the timing of shift changes influence the balance of workload among a physician team.


METHODS
Operational measurements of an adult ED were collected from a clinical information system to characterize physician workload patterns during all current work shifts. Plots of patient load versus time were developed for each physician shift, in which patient load was defined as the number of patients a physician simultaneously managed at a point in time. Patient-load curves for each shift were superimposed during 24 hours to display how patient load was distributed among a team of physicians.


RESULTS
Resident shift changes during daily peak occupancy periods caused patient load imbalances so that residents on a particular shift consistently managed a disproportionate number of patients (mean 9.4 patients; 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.7 to 12.1 patients) compared with other residents on duty (mean 3.4 patients; 95% CI 2.1 to 4.7 patients).


CONCLUSIONS
Physician patient load patterns and ED demand patterns should be taken into consideration when physician shift times are scheduled so that patient load may be balanced among a team. Real-time monitoring of physician patient load may reduce stress and prevent physicians from exceeding their safe capacity for workload.
Levin
Scott
S
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA. scott.r.levin@vanderbilt.edu
Aronsky
Dominik
D
Hemphill
Robin
R
Han
Jin
J
Slagle
Jason
J
France
Daniel J
DJ
D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000458:organization & administration; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019370:Observation; D010346:Patient Care Management / Q000458:organization & administration; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce; D016526:Workload