title: Noradrenalin vs terlipressin in patients with hepatorenal syndrome: a prospective, randomized, unblinded, pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is based on vasoconstrictors. Terlipressin is the one with the soundest evidence. Noradrenalin has been suggested as an effective alternative. The current study was aimed at assessing the efficacy and safety of noradrenalin vs terlipressin in patients with HRS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two consecutive cirrhotic patients with HRS (9 with HRS type 1; 13 with HRS type 2) were included. Patients were randomly assigned to be treated with noradrenalin (0.1-0.7 microg/kg/min) and albumin (10 patients) or with terlipressin (1-2 mg/4h) and albumin (12 patients). Treatment was administered until HRS reversal or for a maximum of two weeks. Patients were followed-up until liver transplantation or death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reversal of HRS was observed in 7 of the 10 patients (70%) treated with noradrenalin and in 10 of the 12 patients (83%) treated with terlipressin, p=ns. Treatment led in both groups to a significant improvement in renal and circulatory function. No patient developed signs of myocardial ischemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data from this unblinded, pilot study suggest that noradrenalin is as effective and safe as terlipressin in patients with HRS. These results would support the use of noradrenalin, a cheap and widely available drug, in the management of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Torino, Italy. carloalessandria@libero.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alessandria
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ottobrelli
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Debernardi-Venon
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Todros
authors.forename: M Torrani
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Cerenzia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Balzola
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morgando
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizzetto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marzano
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006530:Hepatorenal Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008236:Lypressin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000077585:Terlipressin; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D008236:Lypressin; D000077585:Terlipressin; D009638:Norepinephrine