title: Evaluation of genetic variation in the double-strand break repair pathway and bladder cancer risk.
abstract: The double-strand break DNA repair (DSBR) pathway is implicated in maintaining genomic stability and therefore could affect bladder cancer risk. Here we present data evaluating 39 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in seven candidate genes whose products are involved in DNA break sensing (NBS1, BRCA1 interacting genes BRIP1 and ZNF350), non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair (XRCC4) and homologous recombination (HR) repair (RAD51, XRCC2 and XRCC3). SNPs for RAD51 and XRCC2 covered most of the common variation. Associations with bladder cancer risk were evaluated in 1,150 newly diagnosed cases of urinary bladder transitional cell carcinomas and 1,149 controls conducted in Spain during 1997-2001. We found that the genetic variants evaluated significantly contributed to bladder cancer risk (global likelihood ratio test P = 0.01). Subjects with the ZNF350 R501S (rs2,278,415) variant allele showed significantly reduced risk compared with common homozygote variants, odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (95% CI)]: 0.76 (0.62-0.93) per variant allele. Carriers of a putative functional SNP in intron 7 of XRCC4 (rs1,805,377) had significantly increased bladder cancer risk compared with common homozygotes: 1.33 (1.08-1.64) per variant allele. Lastly, XRCC2 homozygote variants for three promoter SNPs (rs10,234,749, rs6,464,268, rs3,218,373) and one non-synonymous SNP (rs3,218,536, R188H) were associated with reduced bladder cancer risk (ORs ranging from 0.36 to 0.50 compared with common homozygotes). Meta-analysis for XRCC3 T241M (rs861,539) had a significant small increase in risk among homozygote variants: OR (95% CI) = 1.17 (1.00-1.36). Results from this study provide evidence for associations between variants in genes in the DSBR pathway and bladder cancers risk that warrant replication in other study populations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA. figueroaj@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Jonine D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Malats
authors.forename: Nathaniel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.forename: Francisco X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Real
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: Manolis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kogevinas
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chanock
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yeager
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dosemeci
authors.forename: Adonina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tardón
authors.forename: Consol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrato
authors.forename: Reina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: García-Closas
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castaño-Vinyals
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Closas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*