title: Pioglitazone treatment increases whole body fat but not total body water in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic liver disease frequently associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Pioglitazone reverses the metabolic and histological abnormalities of patients with impaired glucose tolerance or T2DM and NASH, but also leads to weight gain. To understand the nature of weight gain associated with pioglitazone treatment in NASH we analyzed 35 patients who completed tests for determination of whole body fat (WBF) and total body water (TBW).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients received pioglitazone and 14 placebo in a double-blind, randomized fashion for a period of 6 months. WBF and TBW were measured before and after treatment using DXA, a water dilution technique and bioimpedance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pioglitazone increased body weight (from 93.6+/-4.2 to 96.1+/-4.5 kg, p<0.003) and WBF measured with DXA (from 32.9+/-2.1 to 35.4+/-2.5 kg, p<0.002) while no changes were seen with placebo. Total body water was not altered significantly either after pioglitazone (from 45.4+/-2.3 to 45.6+/-2.7 l, p=NS) or placebo. Muscle hydration and extracellular water were unchanged both by pioglitazone and placebo treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Six months of pioglitazone treatment in patients with NASH is associated with weight gain that is attributable to an increase in adipose tissue mass and not to water retention.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Room 3.380S, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78284-3900, USA.
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Balas
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Belfort
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Darland
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Finch
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schenker
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gastaldelli
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cusi
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001834:Body Water / Q000187:drug effects; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006505:Hepatitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077205:Pioglitazone