title: The prevalence of post traumatic stress disorder in survivors of ICU treatment: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of post traumatic stress disorder in survivors of intensive care treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic literature review including Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and references from identified papers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies determining the prevalence of PTSD in adult patients who had at least 24[Symbol: see text]h treatment on an intensive care unit. Independent duplicate data extraction. Study quality was evaluated in terms of study design and method and timing of PTSD assessment. DATA SYNTHESIS AND RESULTS: Of the 1472 citations identified, 30 studies meeting the selection criteria were reviewed. PTSD was diagnosed by standardised clinical interview alone in 2 studies. A self-report measure alone was used in 19 studies to measure PTSD symptomatology. The remaining 9 studies applied both standardised clinical interview and a self-report measure. The reported prevalence of PTSD was 0-64% when diagnosed by standardised clinical interview and 5-64% by self-report measure. PTSD assessments occurred 7 days to 8 years after intensive care discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The true prevalence of PTSD and the optimum timing and method of PTSD assessment have not yet been determined in intensive care unit survivors. Deficiencies in design, methodology and reporting make interpretation and comparison of quoted prevalence rates difficult, and rigorous longitudinal studies are needed.
authors.affiliation: The John Radcliffe Hospital, Intensive Care Society Trials Group, Kadoorie Centre, Headley Way, OX3 9DU, Headington, Oxford, UK. john.griffiths@nda.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fortune
authors.forename: Vicki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: J Duncan
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D003422:Critical Care; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D015995:Prevalence; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000453:epidemiology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*