title: Tubercular orchitis in a patient with AIDS: report of a case with fine needle aspiration diagnosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although tuberculosis is one of the most common opportunistic infections in AIDS, the testis is rarely involved. Clinically, tubercular orchitis mimics malignancy. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) can be used to distinguish these 2 lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 34-year-old, heterosexual male presented with right scrotal swelling, loss of weight and fever. Clinically, malignancy was suspected. FNA showed a few lymphocytes and neutrophils in a necrotic background. Ziehl-Neelsen staining showed high acid-fast bacillus positivity. Serologic testing for HIV showed seropositivity for HIV I and II antibodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FNA is a useful modality in differentiating tuberculosis from malignancy. In developing countries, tuberculosis should be considered in cases of unilateral testicular enlargement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third reported case of AIDS presenting as testicular tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, J. N. Medical College, Belgaum, Karnataka, India. drhemabannur@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Hema B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bannur
authors.forename: Prakash R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Malur
authors.forename: Vijayalaxmi M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Dhorigol
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000473:pathology*; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D000328:Adult; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009920:Orchitis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D014389:Tuberculosis, Male Genital / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies