title: Solar keratosis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, presentation and treatment.
abstract: Solar keratosis is a common problem encountered by dermatologists, particularly in Australia. Solar keratosis is most commonly found on sun-exposed areas such as the scalp, face and forearms. UV radiation is thought to be the major aetiological factor, with age, immunosuppression and human papillomavirus being important contributing factors. Solar keratosis usually presents as a discrete, variably erythematous and irregular lesion with a scaly surface. Although the exact rate of malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma is unknown, the majority of squamous cell carcinomas appear to arise from within solar keratosis. For this reason, solar keratosis is commonly treated and, consequently, an increasing number of therapeutic options is now available. Traditional therapies, such as liquid nitrogen cryotherapy, are still popular, but newer choices, such as photodynamic therapy and imiquimod cream, are now providing further options with similar efficacy and superior adverse effect profiles, albeit at a higher cost.
authors.affiliation: Skin and Cancer Foundation, Carlton, Australia. cbholmes@bigpond.net.au
authors.forename: Cara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Alvin H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Chong
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000634:Aminoquinolines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D017679:Cryotherapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018450:Disease Progression; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007642:Keratosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000634:Aminoquinolines; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents