title: Eyeball muscles' diameters versus volume estimated by numerical image segmentation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the clinical usefulness of the numerical segmentation image technique (NSI) in estimating the volume of extraocular muscles and to compare this value to widely used measurements of single diameters of the muscles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients underwent magnetic resonance examinations in 1.5-T scanner. SE T1 sequences in transversal and coronal planes were provided and data were sent to a personal computer, where the degree of exophthalmos, horizontal diameter of medial rectus muscles, and vertical diameter of inferior rectus muscles were determined on the basis of two-dimensional images. The quantity estimation of all eye muscles volumes using NSI application in three-dimensional space was carried out with use of level set segmentation algorithm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A strong correlation between the total eye muscle volume and degree of exophthalmos was determined. The usefulness of measuring single diameters for estimating the muscles' enlargement was confirmed. The difference between a single muscle's volume and its width also was confirmed. Estimates of muscle volume correlate with the degree of exophthalmos more accurately than measurements of single diameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NSI technique is a clinically useful application, providing objective data calculated individually for each orbit. It allows an objective estimation of the pathologic processes leading to exophthalmos and may be especially helpful in monitoring discrete changes in the muscles volume during treatment.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. egnys@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majos
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grzelak
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Młynarczyk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stefańczyk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000473:pathology*