title: Cancer in people with depression or anxiety: record-linkage study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been suggested that the risk of cancer may be higher in people with psychological disorders, like depression and anxiety, than in the general population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine cancer risk in cohorts of people with depression or anxiety, compared with that in a control cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of linked statistical records of hospital admission and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lung cancer was more common in those with depression (risk ratio 1.36, 95% confidence intervals 1.19-1.54) or anxiety (1.29, 1.12-1.48) than in others. Excluding lung cancer, the risk ratio for all other cancers combined was 0.98 (0.92-1.04) in the depression cohort and 1.01 (0.95-1.07) in the anxiety cohort. There was a significant association, in the short-term only, between depression, anxiety and the subsequent diagnosis of brain tumours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the exception of lung and brain tumours, cancer risk was not increased in people with depression or anxiety.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Health-Care Epidemiology, Dept. of Public Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK. michael.goldacre@dphpc.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Goldacre
authors.forename: Clare J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wotton
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yeates
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Seagroatt
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flint
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence