title: Susceptibility to lung cancer and genetic polymorphisms in the alcohol metabolite-related enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase 3, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, and cytochrome P450 2E1 in the Japanese population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is believed that acetaldehyde plays an important role in alcohol-related carcinogenesis; although current epidemiologic studies have provided inconsistent findings on the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  To clarify the hypothesis that genetic polymorphisms in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes may influence susceptibility to lung cancer, the authors conducted a hospital-based case-control study and examined genetic polymorphisms in the alcohol dehydrogenase 3, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH(2)), and cytochrome P450 2E1 genes in 505 patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer and in a group of 256 noncancer controls who provided complete cigarette and alcohol consumption histories. Genotyping was conducted by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant association was noted between alcohol consumption and lung cancer risk. Thus, using the median value for the controls as the cut-off point, the odds ratios (OR) for light and heavy drinkers were 1.76 and 1.95, respectively (P for trend = .012), compared with nondrinkers. In addition, there was a significant trend toward increased risk of lung cancer in drinkers with ALDH(2) variant alleles (P for trend <.0001). The adjusted OR for heavy drinkers was 6.15 compared with nondrinkers. Regarding associations between histologic type and genotypes, the ALDH(2) variant allele was significantly less common in patients who had adenocarcinoma compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current observations suggested a positive association between alcohol consumption and the risk of lung cancer: Drinking may increase the risk, especially among individuals who have the variant ALDH(2) alleles.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan. yminesgis@nms.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minegishi
authors.forename: Hiromasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukino
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gemma
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsugane
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kudoh
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishiwaki
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Esumi
mesh_terms: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000235:genetics*; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase