title: Circulating levels of adhesion molecules in chronic kidney disease correlate with the stage of renal disease and with C-reactive protein.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) suffer from a series of complications linked to the atherosclerotic process in which the endothelial dysfunction mediated by the activation of some adhesion molecules plays an important role. This study aims to evaluate circulating levels of intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecules-1 (VCAM-1) in patients with predialysis CRF, on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and after kidney transplantation (KTx) and to correlate them with some inflammation and nutritional indexes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty two patients with predialysis CRF, 30 on maintenance HD, 36 after KTx and 28 subjects as a control group (C) were included in this study. Circulating levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were assayed using a specific sandwich ELISA kit. As inflammation indexes, TNFalpha and C-reactive protein (CRP) and, as nutritional indexes, body mass index (BMI), serum albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and fibrinogen (F) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were progressively higher from C to KTx patients, to those with CRF and those on HD (ANOVA for both; p <0.001). TNFalpha values were lower in HD subjects than in CRF patients, even if in both groups TNFalpha levels were greater than in Tx and control subjects. F and CRP were higher in CRF and HD vs. Tx and control subjects (ANOVA for both p <0.001). No significant correlations were observed between soluble adhesion molecules, albumin and cholesterol, whereas significant correlations were found between CRP and ICAM-1 (r = 0.41; p <0.01), CRP and VCAM-1 (r = 0.39; p <0.01) and between CRP and TNFalpha (r = 0.42; p <0.01). These correlations remained statistically significant even after adjustment for age and blood pressure (all p <0.01). BMI did not differ in the three patient groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating levels of adhesion molecules in our study correlated positively with the stage of disease and with one of the inflammatory indexes (CRP), but not with nutritional indexes such as BMI, cholesterol and albumin. The clinical significance of our findings warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Disease, Chair of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vaccaro
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mulè
authors.forename: Santina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cottone
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soresi
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giannitrapani
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vadalà
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sparacino
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: Francesco P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Picone
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Montalto
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cerasola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein