title: Predominant treatment failure in postprostatectomy patients is local: analysis of patterns of treatment failure in SWOG 8794.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) trial 8794 demonstrated that adjuvant radiation reduces the risk of biochemical (prostate-specific antigen [PSA]) treatment failure by 50% over radical prostatectomy alone. In this analysis, we stratified patients as to their preradiation PSA levels and correlated it with outcomes such as PSA treatment failure, local recurrence, and distant failure, to serve as guidelines for future research.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred thirty-one subjects with pathologically advanced prostate cancer (extraprostatic extension, positive surgical margins, or seminal vesicle invasion) were randomly assigned to adjuvant radiotherapy or observation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred seventy-four eligible patients had immediate postprostatectomy and follow-up PSA data. Median follow-up was 10.2 years. For patients with a postsurgical PSA of 0.2 ng/mL, radiation was associated with reductions in the 10-year risk of biochemical treatment failure (72% to 42%), local failures (20% to 7%), and distant failures (12% to 4%). For patients with a postsurgical PSA between higher than 0.2 and <or = 1.0 ng/mL, reductions in the 10-year risk of biochemical failure (80% to 73%), local failures (25% to 9%), and distant failures (16% to 12%) were realized. In patients with postsurgical PSA higher than 1.0, the respective findings were 94% versus 100%, 28% versus 9%, and 44% versus 18%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of treatment failure in high-risk patients is predominantly local with a surprisingly low incidence of metastatic failure. Adjuvant radiation to the prostate bed reduces the risk of metastatic disease and biochemical failure at all postsurgical PSA levels. Further improvement in reducing local treatment failure is likely to have the greatest impact on outcome in high-risk patients after prostatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA. gswanson@ctrc.net
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hussey
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tangen
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Messing
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Canby-Hagino
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: E David
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Crawford
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen