title: Skeletal anchorage systems in orthodontics: absolute anchorage. A dream or reality?
abstract: This article examines the concept of orthodontic anchorage and focuses on ways skeletally derived anchorage is gained. A brief history of the different skeletal anchorage systems to date is given. The article gives an emphasis on the use of one particular skeletal anchorage technique--the micro-implant--to assist with orthodontic anchorage and active tooth movement. Advantages and disadvantages of this new technique are discussed. An illustration of the use of micro-implants is given with reference to a case where they have been used in a novel manner to provide distal movement of maxillary molars.
authors.affiliation: Liverpool University Dental Hospital and School of Dentistry, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5PS, UK. doctorkevyoung@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Colin A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Melrose
authors.forename: Jayne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Harrison
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D019516:Orthodontic Space Closure / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants