title: Stimulation of subterritories of the subthalamic nucleus reveals its role in the integration of the emotional and motor aspects of behavior.
abstract: Two parkinsonian patients who experienced transient hypomanic states when the subthalamic nucleus (STN) was stimulated during postoperative adjustment of the electrical parameters for antiparkinsonian therapy agreed to have the mood disorder reproduced, in conjunction with motor, cognitive, and behavioral evaluations and concomitant functional neuroimaging. During the experiment, STN stimulation again induced a hypomanic state concomitant with activation of cortical and thalamic regions known to process limbic and associative information. This observation suggests that the STN plays a role in the control of a complex behavior that includes emotional as well as cognitive and motor components. The localization of the four contacts of the quadripolar electrode was determined precisely with an interactive brain atlas. The results showed that (i) the hypomanic state was caused only by stimulation through one contact localized in the anteromedial STN; (ii) both this contact and the contact immediately dorsal to it improved the parkinsonian motor state; (iii) the most dorsal and ventral contacts, located at the boundaries of the STN, neither induced the behavioral disorder nor improved motor performance. Detailed analysis of these data led us to consider a model in which the three functional modalities, emotional, cognitive, and motor, are not processed in a segregated manner but can be subtly combined in the small volume of the STN. This nucleus would thus serve as a nexus that integrates the motor, cognitive, and emotional components of behavior and might consequently be an effective target for the treatment of behavioral disorders that combine emotional, cognitive, and motor impairment.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale AVENIR Group, Behavior, Emotion, and Basal Ganglia, 75013 Paris, France. luc.mallet@psl.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mallet
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schüpbach
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: N'Diaye
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Remy
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bardinet
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Czernecki
authors.forename: Marie-Laure
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Welter
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pelissolo
authors.forename: Merle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruberg
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Agid
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yelnik
mesh_terms: D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000378:metabolism; D001519:Behavior; D001931:Brain Mapping; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004644:Emotions; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008954:Models, Biological; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000503:physiopathology*