title: Update on pediatric genitourinary oncology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Results of collaborative studies and advances in our understanding of the molecular biologic events involved in children's genitourinary cancers continue to advance treatment. Simultaneously, newly released reports analyze the long-term risks of treatment. We review the most significant recent developments in the field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  New basic research findings are making molecular staging a reality for children with cancer. Patients with adverse biologic features can now be stratified to receive intensified therapy while others may safely be considered for diminished adjunctive treatment. Collaborative trials continue to accrue experience and refine current strategies. Studies of survivors suggest that the long-term risk of adverse effects associated with current chemotherapeutic and radiation regimens are significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continued progress from collaborative trials along with advancing knowledge of the molecular biology of children's cancers promise to improve outcomes. Novel therapies are needed as emerging data suggest significant treatment-associated morbidity exists from current therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology and Oncology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center and University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Driscoll
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isakoff
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferrer
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1; D002896:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D008967:Molecular Biology / Q000379:methods; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins