title: Common molecular pathways involved in human CD133+/CD34+ progenitor cell expansion and cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uncovering the molecular mechanism underlying expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is critical to extend current therapeutic applications and to understand how its deregulation relates to leukemia. The characterization of genes commonly relevant to stem/progenitor cell expansion and tumor development should facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets in cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  CD34+/CD133+ progenitor cells were purified from human umbilical cord blood and expanded in vitro. Correlated molecular changes were analyzed by gene expression profiling using microarrays covering up to 55,000 transcripts. Genes regulated during progenitor cell expansion were identified and functionally classified. Aberrant expression of such genes in cancer was indicated by in silico SAGE. Differential expression of selected genes was assessed by real-time PCR in hematopoietic cells from chronic myeloid leukemia patients and healthy individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several genes and signaling pathways not previously associated with ex vivo expansion of CD133+/CD34+ cells were identified, most of which associated with cancer. Regulation of MEK/ERK and Hedgehog signaling genes in addition to numerous proto-oncogenes was detected during conditions of enhanced progenitor cell expansion. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed down-regulation of several newly described cancer-associated genes in CD133+/CD34+ cells, including DOCK4 and SPARCL1 tumor suppressors, and parallel results were verified when comparing their expression in cells from chronic myeloid leukemia patients
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings reveal potential molecular targets for oncogenic transformation in CD133+/CD34+ cells and strengthen the link between deregulation of stem/progenitor cell expansion and the malignant process.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. keith.nexp@epm.br
authors.forename: Oswaldo Keith
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Ana Carolina S R
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Luciana C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Marti
authors.forename: Ricardo Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Vêncio
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Moreira-Filho