title: Toxicity of organophosphates on morphology and locomotor behavior in brine shrimp, Artemia salina.
abstract: The acute toxicity and hatching success of four organophosphorus insecticides--acephate (ACEP), chlorpyrifos (CPP), monocrotophos (MCP), and profenofos (PF)--was studied in a short-term bioassay using brine shrimp, Artemia salina. Fifty percent hatchability inhibition concentration and median lethal concentration (LC(50)) values were calculated after probit transformation of the resulting data. Among the insecticides tested, CPP is found to be the most toxic and also to inhibit hatching success of A. salina cysts in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the effect of these pesticides on locomotor behavior (swimming speed) and morphologic differences were studied in LC(50)-exposed nauplii after 24 hours. The in vivo effect of these insecticides on acetylcholinesterase (Enzyme commission number (EC 3.1.1.7) activity was also determined in LC(50)-exposed nauplii after 24 hours. Maximum percent decrease in their swimming speed and significant morphologic alterations were noticed in CPP-exposed brine shrimps. The order of toxicity was CPP > PF > MCP > ACEP in all the parameters studied.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, 500 007, Hyderabad, India. jv@india.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Venkateswara Rao
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kavitha
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Jakka
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sridhar
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Usman
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase