title: Renal pathological change in patients with type 2 diabetes is not always diabetic nephropathy: a report of 52 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study examined the relationship between clinical features and renal histological changes in the Type 2-diabetic patients and evaluated the usefulness of renal biopsy in the diagnosis of diabetic versus non-diabetic kidney disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  52 patients with Type 2-diabetic mellitus were retrospectively analyzed for differential clinical, laboratory features and pathological characteristics including overt proteinuria (> 0.5 g/day), elevated serum creatinine and/or the development of hematuria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 52 patients, 20 cases (38.5%) showed no detectable diabetic lesions and, thus, were diagnosed as non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD), while 32 patients (61.5%) exhibited diabetic nephropathy. Interestingly, while 29 patients showed diabetic nephropathy (DN) alone, NDRD was also found in 3 patients with DN. Clinically, 24 out of 52 patients (46.16%) had a diagnosis consistent with the pathological findings, while 10 (19.23%) were diagnosed incorrectly. Compared to NDRD patients, patients with DN had prolonged diabetic history with or without retinopathy, while 25% of patients with NDRD exhibited mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NDRD was a common feature in Type 2-diabetic patients with renal involvement. The absence of retinopathy and short periods of diabetic history may be useful indicators for diagnosis of NDRD clinically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003404:Creatinine