title: Yoga Asana sessions increase brain GABA levels: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare changes in brain gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) levels associated with an acute yoga session versus a reading session. It was hypothesized that an individual yoga session would be associated with an increase in brain GABA levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a parallel-groups design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Screenings, scan acquisitions, and interventions took place at medical school-affiliated centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample comprised 8 yoga practitioners and 11 comparison subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Yoga practitioners completed a 60-minute yoga session and comparison subjects completed a 60-minute reading session.
  
  
  METHODS
  GABA-to-creatine ratios were measured in a 2-cm axial slab using magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging immediately prior to and immediately after interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a 27% increase in GABA levels in the yoga practitioner group after the yoga session (0.20 mmol/kg) but no change in the comparison subject group after the reading session ( -0.001 mmol/kg) (t = -2.99, df = 7.87, p = 0.018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that in experienced yoga practitioners, brain GABA levels increase after a session of yoga. This suggests that the practice of yoga should be explored as a treatment for disorders with low GABA levels such as depression and anxiety disorders. Future studies should compare yoga to other forms of exercise to help determine whether yoga or exercise alone can alter GABA levels.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA. streeter@bu.edu
authors.forename: Chris C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Streeter
authors.forename: J Eric
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Ruth M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Perlmutter
authors.forename: Howard J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Devin B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Terhune
authors.forename: Domenic A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ciraulo
authors.forename: Perry F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Renshaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001007:Anxiety / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D019122:Meditation; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D015013:Yoga; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid