title: Patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia have decreased epinephrine reserve and defective glycemic control during prolonged moderate-intensity exercise.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) have adrenomedullary dysplasia and hypofunction, and their lack of adrenomedullary reserve has been associated with a defective glucose response to brief high-intensity exercise.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to assess hormonal, metabolic, and cardiovascular response to prolonged moderate-intensity exercise comparable to brisk walking in adolescents with classic CAH.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared six adolescents with classic CAH (16-20 yr old) with seven age-, sex-, and body mass index group-matched controls (16-23 yr old) using a 90-min standardized ergometer test. Metabolic, hormonal, and cardiovascular parameters were studied during exercise and recovery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glucose did not change throughout exercise and recovery for controls, whereas CAH patients showed a steady decline in glucose during exercise with an increase in glucose in the postexercise period. Glucose levels were significantly lower in CAH patients at 60 (P = 0.04), 75 (P = 0.01), and 90 (P = 0.03) min of exercise and 15 (P = 0.02) min post exercise, whereas glucose levels were comparable between the two groups early in exercise and at 30 min (P = 0.19) post exercise. As compared with controls, CAH patients had significantly lower epinephrine (P = 0.002) and cortisol (P < or = 0.001) levels throughout the study and similar norepinephrine, glucagon, and GH levels. Patients with CAH and controls had comparable cardiovascular parameters and perceived level of exertion. Despite having lower glucose levels, insulin levels were slightly higher in CAH patients during the testing period (P = 0.17), suggesting insulin insensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAH patients have defective glycemic control and altered metabolic and hormonal responses during prolonged moderate-intensity exercise comparable to brisk walking.
authors.affiliation: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1932, USA.
authors.forename: Liza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Green-Golan
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Drinkard
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: VanRyzin
authors.forename: Graeme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eisenhofer
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weise
authors.forename: Deborah P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Merke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / Q000378:metabolism*; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D049449:Luminescence; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D005934:Glucagon; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine