title: A case of congenital kyphosis misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital kyphosis is an uncommon spinal deformity that needs prompt recognition and early surgery due to its progressive nature, which can lead to neurological compromise.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 11-year-old boy presented with deteriorating ambulatory function after bilateral Achilles tendon lengthening and calcaneal osteotomies. He previously had a series of orthopedic surgeries of the lower extremities, having been diagnosed with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy based on clinical features and history of prematurity. His computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed compressive thoracic myelopathy due to the fusion of vertebral bodies from T2 to T5. He was treated with anterior decompression and anteroposterior fusion of the thoracic spine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neurological impairment such as spastic paraplegia in children can lead to an erroneous diagnosis of cerebral palsy, resulting in unnecessary surgeries with their attendant potential complications. This report alerts clinicians to the presentation and progression of congenital vertebral anomalies and highlights the importance of a thorough neurological examination and radiological evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Se Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Moon Suk
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bang
mesh_terms: D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000502:physiology; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D013131:Spine / Q000601:surgery; D013979:Tibial Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014853:Walkers; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology