title: Androgen-regulated genes differentially modulated by the androgen receptor coactivator L-dopa decarboxylase in human prostate cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The androgen receptor is a ligand-induced transcriptional factor, which plays an important role in normal development of the prostate as well as in the progression of prostate cancer to a hormone refractory state. We previously reported the identification of a novel AR coactivator protein, L-dopa decarboxylase (DDC), which can act at the cytoplasmic level to enhance AR activity. We have also shown that DDC is a neuroendocrine (NE) marker of prostate cancer and that its expression is increased after hormone-ablation therapy and progression to androgen independence. In the present study, we generated tetracycline-inducible LNCaP-DDC prostate cancer stable cells to identify DDC downstream target genes by oligonucleotide microarray analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison of induced DDC overexpressing cells versus non-induced control cell lines revealed a number of changes in the expression of androgen-regulated transcripts encoding proteins with a variety of molecular functions, including signal transduction, binding and catalytic activities. There were a total of 35 differentially expressed genes, 25 up-regulated and 10 down-regulated, in the DDC overexpressing cell line. In particular, we found a well-known androgen induced gene, TMEPAI, which wasup-regulated in DDC overexpressing cells, supporting its known co-activation function. In addition, DDC also further augmented the transcriptional repression function of AR for a subset of androgen-repressed genes. Changes in cellular gene transcription detected by microarray analysis were confirmed for selected genes by quantitative real-time RT-PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, our results provide evidence for linking DDC action with AR signaling, which may be important for orchestrating molecular changes responsible for prostate cancer progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. katia.margiotti@vch.ca
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Margiotti
authors.forename: Latif A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wafa
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Novelli
authors.forename: Colleen C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Rennie
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000728:Androgens; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D004296:Dopa Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000502:physiology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D004296:Dopa Decarboxylase; D013752:Tetracycline