title: NK-cell and T-cell functions in patients with breast cancer: effects of surgery and adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy.
abstract: Breast cancer is globally the most common malignancy in women. Her2-targeted monoclonal antibodies are established treatment modalities, and vaccines are in late-stage clinical testing in patients with breast cancer and known to promote tumour-killing through mechanisms like antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. It is therefore increasingly important to study immunological consequences of conventional treatment strategies. In this study, functional tests and four-colour flow cytometry were used to detect natural killer (NK)-cell functions and receptors as well as T-cell signal transduction molecules and intracellular cytokines in preoperative breast cancer patients, and patients who had received adjuvant radiotherapy or adjuvant combined chemo-radiotherapy as well as in age-matched healthy controls. The absolute number of NK cells, the density of NK receptors as well as in vitro quantitation of functional NK cytotoxicity were significantly higher in preoperative patients than the post-treatments group and controls. A similar pattern was seen with regard to T-cell signalling molecules, and preoperative patients produced significantly higher amounts of cytokines in NK and T cells compared to other groups. The results indicate that functions of NK and T cells are well preserved before surgery but decrease following adjuvant therapy, which may speak in favour of early rather than late use of immunotherapeutic agents such as trastuzumab that may depend on intact immune effector functions.
authors.affiliation: Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mozaffari
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lindemalm
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Granstam-Björneklett
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Helander
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lekander
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mikaelsson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: M-L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ojutkangas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osterborg
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bergkvist
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mellstedt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008875:Middle Aged; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines