Receptive vocabulary, expressive vocabulary, and speech production of boys with fragile X syndrome in comparison to boys with down syndrome.
Boys with fragile X syndrome with (n = 49) and without (n = 33) characteristics of autism spectrum disorder, boys with Down syndrome (39), and typically developing boys (n = 41) were compared on standardized measures of receptive vocabulary, expressive vocabulary, and speech administered annually over 4 years. Three major findings emerged. Boys with fragile X without autism spectrum disorder did not differ from the younger typically developing boys in receptive and expressive vocabulary and speech production when compared at similar levels of nonverbal cognitive skills. Boys with fragile X without autism spectrum disorder and typically developing boys had higher receptive vocabulary and speech production than did boys with Down syndrome. There were mixed patterns of results for the boys with fragile X and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder.
Roberts
Joanne
J
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8180, USA. joanne_roberts@unc.edu
Price
Johanna
J
Barnes
Elizabeth
E
Nelson
Lauren
L
Burchinal
Margaret
M
Hennon
Elizabeth A
EA
Moskowitz
Lauren
L
Edwards
Anne
A
Malkin
Cheryl
C
Anderson
Kathleen
K
Misenheimer
Jan
J
Hooper
Stephen R
SR
D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D013067:Speech Perception; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D014825:Vocabulary