title: Virulence determinants in community and hospital meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: Staphylococcus aureus produces many virulence factors, most of which act in a synergistic and coordinated fashion. Some appear to be specifically associated with certain severe infections and are produced by meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones distributed worldwide. Superantigenic exotoxins appear to be major virulence factors in hospital MRSA clones (HA-MRSA), and staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) may be involved in the physiopathology of septic shock. Panton Valentine Leucocidin (PVL) has emerged as a major virulence factor in community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections. In particular, the leukotoxic action of PVL is responsible for the high mortality rate associated with necrotizing pneumonia. CA-MRSA can also harbour the toxic shock toxin 1 (TSST-1) and rarely the exfoliative toxin.
authors.affiliation: INSERM E0230, Lyon, France. anne.tristan@chu-lyon.fr
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tristan
authors.forename: Tristan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ferry
authors.forename: Geraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dauwalder
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bes
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lina
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vandenesch
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Etienne
mesh_terms: D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007956:Leukocidins / Q000235:genetics; D016106:Methicillin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000235:genetics; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D005098:Exotoxins; D007956:Leukocidins; C078284:Panton-Valentine leukocidin; D037521:Virulence Factors