title: Dehydration impairs vigilance-related attention in male basketball players.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of dehydration (DEH) on attentional vigilance in male basketball players.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA; Universal Attention Disorders) was administered to 11 male basketball players (17-28 yr) at baseline (test 1), after walking (50% V O2max) in the heat (40 degrees C and 20% relative humidity) (test 2), and then after a simulated basketball game (test 3). Tests 2 and 3 were performed while subjects were either DEH (1-4%) or euhydrated (EUH). The TOVA consisted of target-infrequent and target-frequent conditions, simulating static and dynamic (such as a basketball game) environments, respectively. TOVA measures included errors of omission (OE) and commission (CE), response time (RT), and sensitivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the target-infrequent half of test 3, EUH resulted in significantly better sensitivity (+0.4+/-1.2 vs -0.9+/-1.3), faster RT (-8+/-20 vs +16+/-28), and fewer OE (-0.4+/-0.7 vs +1.3+/-2.4) compared with DEH. During the target-frequent half, EUH resulted in significantly fewer OE (-4+/-15 vs +5+/-7) and CE (-1.9+/-3.2 vs 0.6+/-1.4) in test 2 and greater sensitivity (+0.7+/-2.6 vs -0.7+/-1.1) and faster RT (-21+/-28 vs +5+/-31) than DEH in test 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vigilance-related attention of male basketball players was impaired by DEH, especially during the target-frequent condition of the TOVA. These results suggest that fluid replacement is essential to prevent the decline in vigilance that occurs with DEH in highly dynamic environments. Therefore, basketball players should be advised to maintain EUH for optimal concentration and attentional skills during competition.
authors.affiliation: Noll Laboratory, Kinesiology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6900, USA. lbb134@psu.edu
authors.forename: Lindsay B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Conroy
authors.forename: W Larry
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Kenney
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003681:Dehydration / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000503:physiopathology; D018882:Heat Stress Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010414:Pennsylvania