title: Clostridium difficile in retail ground meat, Canada.
abstract: Clostridium difficile was isolated from 12 (20%) of 60 retail ground meat samples purchased over a 10-month period in 2005 in Canada. Eleven isolates were toxigenic, and 8 (67%) were classified as toxinotype III. The human health implications of this finding are unclear, but with the virulence of toxinotype III strains further studies are required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. arodrigu@uoguelph.ca
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Palacios
authors.forename: Henry R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Staempfli
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Duffield
authors.forename: J Scott
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Weese
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000378:metabolism; D002170:Canada; D002417:Cattle; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008461:Meat Products / Q000382:microbiology*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins