title: Efficacy of chloroquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine mono- and combined therapy against falciparum malaria in Sudan.
abstract: We assessed the efficacy of chloroquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine monotherapy in several sentinel sites in northern Sudan and the efficacy of combined therapy in 2 sites. Chloroquine efficacy in children under 5 years was also assessed in 2 sites in southern Sudan. Patients with indications of uncomplicated falciparum malaria and sufficient parasite density were enrolled. The chloroquine failure rates in the northern and southern sites were 43.4% and 80.2% respectively. Treatment failure was significantly higher in children than adults, while there was no significant sex difference. Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine had an overall failure rate of 4.4%. Combination of the 2 drugs had a failure rate of 14.5% and 5.9% in the 2 sites.
authors.affiliation: Federal Ministry of Health, National Malaria Control Programme, Khartoum, Sudan. sakinaba@hotmail.com
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Elamin
authors.forename: El-F M
authors.initials: el-FM
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: El-D S
authors.initials: el-DS
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Elabadil
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Mohamad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000469:parasitology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011739:Pyrimethamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013397:Sudan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013413:Sulfadoxine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D004338:Drug Combinations; C001205:fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination; D013413:Sulfadoxine; D002738:Chloroquine; D011739:Pyrimethamine