title: Effects of sterilization on an extracellular matrix scaffold: part I. Composition and matrix architecture.
abstract: The impact of peracetic acid (PAA), lyophilization, and ethylene oxide (EO) sterilization on the composition and three dimensional matrix structure of small intestinal submucosa (SIS), a biologic scaffold used to stimulate the repair of damaged tissues and organs, was examined. Fibronectin and glycosaminoglycans are retained in SIS following oxidation by peracetic acid and alkylation using ethylene oxide gas. Significant amounts of FGF-2 are also retained, but VEGF is susceptible to the effects of PAA and is dramatically reduced following processing. Further, matrix oxidation, lyophilization, and sterilization with EO can be performed without irreversibly collapsing the three dimensional structure of the native SIS. These structural features and growth promoting extracellular matrix constituents are likely to be important variables underlying cellular attachment, infiltration and eventual incorporation of SIS into healing host tissues.
authors.affiliation: Cook Biotech Incorporated, 1425 Innovation Place, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA. hodde@cookbiotech.com
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hodde
authors.forename: Abram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Janis
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zopf
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000478:Alkylation; D000818:Animals; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005027:Ethylene Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005612:Freeze Drying; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D007583:Jejunum / Q000166:cytology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010463:Peracetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D013242:Sterilization; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D005353:Fibronectins; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D010463:Peracetic Acid; D005027:Ethylene Oxide