The late phase of preconditioning and its natural clinical application--gene therapy.
There is little doubt that the discovery of ischemic preconditioning (PC) has been one of the fundamental milestones in the field of ischemic biology in the past 20 years. The purpose of this article is to review the pathophysiology and molecular basis of the late phase of myocardial PC. The exploitation of late PC for the development of novel gene therapy strategies aimed at inducing a permanently preconditioned cardiac phenotype (prophylactic cardioprotection) will also be discussed. Deciphering the mechanism of late PC has not only conceptual interest but also a considerable therapeutic implications, since transfer of the genes that underlie late PC would be expected to replicate the salubrious effects of this response of the heart to stress.
Bolli
Roberto
R
Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S. Jackson Street, ACB,Louisville, KY 40292, USA. rbolli@louisville.edu
Li
Qian-Hong
QH
Tang
Xian-Liang
XL
Guo
Yiru
Y
Xuan
Yu-Ting
YT
Rokosh
Gregg
G
Dawn
Buddhadeb
B
D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D013997:Time Factors
D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2