title: Apoptosis in orbital fibroadipose tissue and its association with clinical features in Graves' ophthalmopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the rate of apoptosis in orbital fibroadipose tissue in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) patients and investigate its associations with disease characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Orbital tissue samples were obtained during decompression surgery from 25 GO patients. Disease activity was evaluated using the Clinical Activity Score, while the clinical features of GO were evaluated using the Total Eye Score (TES). Tissue samples of 12 patients without any thyroid or autoimmune disease were studied as controls. The rate of apoptosis was evaluated with a terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and ultrastructural features of apoptosis were evaluated with electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of apoptosis in orbital fibroadipose tissue was significantly higher in GO cases than in the control group (p < 0.001) and significantly correlated with TES (r: 0.545; p = 0.005). The rate of apoptosis was 7.9% +/- 6.5%, and 22.0% +/- 7.8% in type 1 and type 2 cases, respectively (p = 0.001). The rate of apoptosis was 21.6% +/- 7.5% in eyes showing dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) and 6.7% +/- 5.4% in eyes without DON (p = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of apoptosis was high in the orbital fibroadipose tissue of GO cases and was related to the clinical features of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Gazi University Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Turkey. okonuk@gazi.edu.tr
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Konuk
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hondur
authors.forename: Nalan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akyurek
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Unal
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit; D012720:Severity of Illness Index