title: Sequencing of T-superfamily conotoxins from Conus virgo: pyroglutamic acid identification and disulfide arrangement by MALDI mass spectrometry.
abstract: De novo mass spectrometric sequencing of two Conus peptides, Vi1359 and Vi1361, from the vermivorous cone snail Conus virgo, found off the southern Indian coast, is presented. The peptides, whose masses differ only by 2 Da, possess two disulfide bonds and an amidated C-terminus. Simple chemical modifications and enzymatic cleavage coupled with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometric analysis aided in establishing the sequences of Vi1359, ZCCITIPECCRI-NH(2), and Vi1361, ZCCPTMPECCRI-NH(2), which differ only at residues 4 and 6 (Z = pyroglutamic acid). The presence of the pyroglutamyl residue at the N-terminus was unambiguously identified by chemical hydrolysis of the cyclic amide, followed by esterification. The presence of Ile residues in both the peptides was confirmed from high-energy collision induced dissociation (CID) studies, using the observation of w(n)- and d(n)-ions as a diagnostic. Differential cysteine labeling, in conjunction with MALDI-MS/MS, permitted establishment of disulfide connectivity in both peptides as Cys2-Cys9 and Cys3-Cys10. The cysteine pattern clearly reveals that the peptides belong to the class of T-superfamily conotoxins, in particular the T-1 superfamily.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Amit Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.forename: Mani Ramakrishnan Santhana
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ramasamy
authors.forename: Varatharajan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sabareesh
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Openshaw
authors.forename: Kozhalmannom S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.forename: Padmanabhan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Balaram
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D020916:Conotoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification; D052078:Conus Snail / Q000737:chemistry*; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D020916:Conotoxins; C522654:ZCCITIPECCRI-NH(2); C522655:ZCCPTMPECCRI-NH(2); D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid