title: Effect of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate on airway inflammation in COPD: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by infiltration of CD8+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages and an increased number of neutrophils, whereas few studies have described the presence of eosinophils. Although the anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroids in stable COPD are unclear, recent studies suggest that combination therapy could be beneficial. A study was therefore undertaken to evaluate combined salmeterol/fluticasone propionate (SFC) and fluticasone propionate (FP) alone on inflammatory cells in the airways of patients with COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were treated in a randomised, double blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled trial with either a combination of 50 microg salmeterol and 500 microg FP twice daily (SFC, n = 19, 19 men, mean age 62 years), 500 microg FP twice daily (n = 20, 15 men, mean age 64 years) or placebo (n = 21, 17 men, mean age 66 years) for 3 months. At the start and end of treatment bronchoscopy with bronchial biopsies was performed and the numbers of CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD68+ macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD8+ cells were significantly reduced by SFC compared with placebo (difference -98.05 cells/mm(2); 95% CI -143.14 to -52.9; p<0.001). Such a marked effect was not seen with FP alone (-44.67 cells/mm(2); 95% CI -90.92 to 1.57; p = 0.06). CD68+ macrophages were also reduced by SFC compared with placebo (difference -31.68 cells/mm(2); 95% CI -61.07 to -2.29; p = 0.03) but not by FP. SFC did not significantly change neutrophils and eosinophils compared with placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SFC has airway anti-inflammatory effects not seen with inhaled corticosteroids alone.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bourbeau
authors.forename: Pota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Christodoulopoulos
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maltais
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Olivenstein
authors.forename: Qutayba
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hamid
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000368:Aged; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D000068298:Fluticasone; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008231:Lymphopenia / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000068299:Salmeterol Xinafoate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D000068299:Salmeterol Xinafoate; D000068298:Fluticasone; D000420:Albuterol