title: Arabidopsis TFL2/LHP1 specifically associates with genes marked by trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27.
abstract: TERMINAL FLOWER 2/LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (TFL2/LHP1) is the only Arabidopsis protein with overall sequence similarity to the HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (HP1) family of metazoans and S. pombe. TFL2/LHP1 represses transcription of numerous genes, including the flowering-time genes FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), as well as the floral organ identity genes AGAMOUS (AG) and APETALA 3 (AP3). These genes are also regulated by proteins of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), and it has been proposed that TFL2/LHP1 represents a potential stabilizing factor of PRC2 activity. Here we show by chromatin immunoprecipitation and hybridization to an Arabidopsis Chromosome 4 tiling array (ChIP-chip) that TFL2/LHP1 associates with hundreds of small domains, almost all of which correspond to genes located within euchromatin. We investigated the chromatin marks to which TFL2/LHP1 binds and show that, in vitro, TFL2/LHP1 binds to histone H3 di- or tri-methylated at lysine 9 (H3K9me2 or H3K9me3), the marks recognized by HP1, and to histone H3 trimethylated at lysine 27 (H3K27me3), the mark deposited by PRC2. However, in vivo TFL2/LHP1 association with chromatin occurs almost exclusively and co-extensively with domains marked by H3K27me3, but not H3K9me2 or -3. Moreover, the distribution of H3K27me3 is unaffected in lhp1 mutant plants, indicating that unlike PRC2 components, TFL2/LHP1 is not involved in the deposition of this mark. Rather, our data suggest that TFL2/LHP1 recognizes specifically H3K27me3 in vivo as part of a mechanism that represses the expression of many genes targeted by PRC2.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Max Planck Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Turck
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roudier
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farrona
authors.forename: Marie-Laure
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Martin-Magniette
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guillaume
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buisine
authors.forename: Séverine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gagnot
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Martienssen
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coupland
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Colot
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000378:metabolism*; D022041:Euchromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000502:physiology; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000502:physiology*; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008239:Lysine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008745:Methylation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D063146:Polycomb-Group Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D022041:Euchromatin; D006657:Histones; D008239:Lysine; D063146:Polycomb-Group Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C477788:At5g17690 protein, Arabidopsis; C443901:like heterochromatin protein 1