Dynamic visualization of the developing nervous system of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana.
Anuran amphibians undergo a rapid and dramatic process of metamorphosis featuring widespread structural reorganization of the central nervous system. Although morphological changes during embryonic stages of anuran development have been well documented, much less information is available describing structural changes in the brain during larval (tadpole) stages. Using still images from cresyl-violet-stained material, we present an adaptation of the digital image and video manipulation technique of morphing that allows these images to be compiled in such a manner as to highlight key periods in tadpole brain development in a dynamic fashion. We present three morphed video data sets from ranid tadpoles that facilitate the identification of developmental changes in nuclear boundaries at different levels of the neuraxis. The use of animation allows dynamic examination of anatomical changes across long developmental spans without requiring additional anatomical preparations or specialized expensive equipment.
Horowitz
Seth S
SS
Department of Psychology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. Seth_Horowitz@BROWN.EDU
Simmons
Andrea Megela
AM
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D003198:Computer Simulation; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007814:Larva / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development*; D008488:Medical Illustration; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological; D018715:Microscopy, Video / Q000379:methods; D009445:Neuroanatomy / Q000379:methods; D011892:Rana catesbeiana / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development*; D012984:Software