title: Analysis of the material properties of early chondrogenic differentiated adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) using an in vitro three-dimensional micromass culture system.
abstract: Cartilage is an avascular tissue with only a limited potential to heal and chondrocytes in vitro have poor proliferative capacity. Recently, adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) have demonstrated a great potential for application to tissue engineering due to their ability to differentiate into cartilage, bone, and fat. In this study, we have utilized a high density three-dimensional (3D) micromass model system of early chondrogenesis with ASC. The material properties of these micromasses showed a significant increase in dynamic and static elastic modulus during the early chondrogenic differentiation process. These data suggest that the 3D micromass culture system represents an in vitro model of early chondrogenesis with dynamic cell signaling interactions associated with the mechanical properties of chondrocyte differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgical Research Program and Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Guive
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balooch
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bekerman
authors.forename: Robert O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Longaker
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D020219:Chondrogenesis; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D012038:Regeneration; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology*