title: Management strategies for pain in breast carcinoma patients: current opinions and future perspectives.
abstract: Breast cancer is the most frequently encountered carcinoma in women worldwide. Pain is the most distressing symptom in patients with breast carcinoma and can occur at all stages of the disease due to the cancer per se as well as due to various diagnostic and treatment modalities. A proper pain assessment helps in identification of pain syndromes and guides in formulating analgesic strategies. Primary therapies of breast carcinoma like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy for bony metastases can cause substantial pain relief. However, multimodal analgesic approaches incorporating pharmacological, interventional as well as non-conventional techniques should be employed prior to, in conjunction with, and after primary therapies of breast cancer. The prevalence of chronic neuropathic pain following breast cancer surgery may exceed 50% by current estimates, and with the increase in life expectancy of these patients, providing adequate pain relief is of paramount importance to improve their quality of life. In this review, we discuss prevailing methods of evaluation and management of pain in patients of breast carcinoma and the new techniques that may become the mainstay of pain management protocols in future.
authors.affiliation: Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology, University College of Medical Sciences & G.T.B. Hospital, Delhi, India. prof_ashok@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Ashok K R
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid