title: Development and application of anthropomorphic voxel phantom of the head for in vivo measurement.
abstract: The in vivo measurement of the activity deposited in the skeleton is a very useful source of information on human internal contaminations with transuranic elements, e.g. americium 241, especially for long time periods after intake. Measurements are performed on the skull or the larger joints such as the knee or elbow. The paper deals with the construction of an anthropomorphic numerical phantom based on CT scans, its potential for calibration and the estimation of the uncertainties of the detection system. The density of bones, activity distribution and position of the detectors were changed in individual simulations in order to estimate their effects on the result of the measurement. The results from simulations with the numerical phantom were compared with the results of physical phantoms.
authors.affiliation: National Radiation Protection Institute, Bartoskova 28, 140 00 Prague 4, Czech republic. tomas.vrba@fjfi.cvut.cz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vrba
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006257:Head / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013045:Species Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014501:Uranium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D014501:Uranium