title: Hemorrhagic syndrome-like disease in calves with bovine viral diarrhea and mucosal disease complex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection is one of the causes of hemorrhagic diathesis in cattle but there have been limited field studies about that condition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the cause of hemorrhagic diathesis in calves and describe its clinical findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five calves from a farm with 150 dairy cows.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical examination of the calves was performed. After blood samples were obtained from 2 calves, whole blood, sera, and leukocyte samples were used for hematologic and hemostatic examinations, neutralization tests, virus isolation, and viral genome sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The calves had moderate pyrexia, dullness, serous or mucous nasal discharge, and petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages on mucosal surfaces. Severe thrombocytopenia and anemia were identified on hematologic examinations. All calves died within 10 days of the onset of clinical signs. Virologic examinations identified BVDV as the causative agent of the disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper identifies a hemorrhagic syndrome-like disease in calves with bovine viral diarrhea and mucosal disease complex in Turkey.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey. mdabak@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dabak
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karapinar
authors.forename: Irem
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gulacti
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bulut
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kizil
authors.forename: Suleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aydin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001483:Base Sequence; D001912:Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002417:Cattle; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030243:Hemorrhagic Syndrome, Bovine / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009500:Neutralization Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral