title: Two-stage reimplantation for periprosthetic knee infection involving resistant organisms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two-stage reimplantation is the most accepted mode of treatment for patients with a periprosthetic infection following total knee arthroplasty. Most studies, however, do not stratify their results on the basis of the type of infecting organism. The purpose of this study was to determine the outcomes for patients who had two-stage reimplantation for the treatment of infection with a resistant organism, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, at the site of a total knee replacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter study was performed to review the cases of all patients treated between 1987 and 2003 because of an infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis organisms at the site of a total knee replacement. The prevalence of reinfection following two-stage reimplantation was determined. Variables that may influence the outcome, such as the duration and type of intravenous antibiotics administered, previous surgery, and comorbidities of the host, were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified thirty-seven patients who had an infection with a resistant organism. All patients had negative cultures at the time of reimplantation. Four of the thirty-seven patients had a reinfection with the same organism, while five had a reinfection with a different organism. None of the variables noted above were found to be significantly associated with reinfection, on the basis of the numbers available.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reports in the literature have discouraged reimplantation for the treatment of an infection with a resistant organism at the site of a total knee replacement. While 24% of the patients in this series had a reinfection, 14% had a reinfection with a different organism. We believe that two-stage reimplantation remains a viable treatment option for patients who have an infection with a resistant organism at the site of a total knee replacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic Level IV.
authors.affiliation: OrthoCarolina Hip and Knee Center, Charlotte, North Carolina 28270, USA.
authors.forename: Yogesh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: Thomas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Fehring
authors.forename: Arlen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hanssen
authors.forename: Camelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marculescu
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Odum
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Osmon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007720:Knee Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000601:surgery*; D012092:Replantation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000601:surgery; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis