title: Zinc-finger transcription factor odd-skipped related 2 is one of the regulators in osteoblast proliferation and bone formation.
abstract: We report that Osr2 is one of the regulators of osteoblast function, because dominant-negative Osr2 transgenic mice exhibited decreased osteoblast activity and delayed mineralization in calvarial and tibial bone tissues. Our results indicate that Osr2 functions in regulation of osteoblast proliferation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Molecular mechanisms that control bone formation have received attention with increasing knowledge related to genetic control of osteoblast differentiation. The odd-skipped related (Osr) gene is a zinc-finger transcription factor recently suggested to be involved in bone formation, although little is known about its role.
  
  
  METHODS
  To elucidate the in vivo function of Osr2, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing dominant-negative Osr2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, N-terminal-deleted Osr2 was found to act as a dominant-negative mutant toward both Osr1 and Osr2. Dominant-negative Osr2 (Osr2DeltaN) transgenic mice showed delayed mineralization in calvarial and cortical bone tissues. Furthermore, soft X-ray analysis of transgenic mice bones revealed distinctly increased radiolucency. Examinations of newborn Osr2DeltaN transgenic mice skeletons stained with alcian blue and alizarin red showed reduced intensities in the skull and skeletal elements. Morphologically, calvariae and tibias of Osr2DeltaN transgenic mice were composed of markedly thinner parietal and cortical bones and lower numbers of osteoblastic cells on bone surfaces, indicating a reduced proliferation of osteoblasts. Furthermore, calvarial osteoblasts obtained from Osr2DeltaN transgenic mice showed highly attenuated osteoblast differentiation and proliferation, confirming that Osr2 is needed for osteogenesis. Finally, results of Runx2-deficient cell assays suggested that Osr2 induces alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression, but to a lesser degree than Runx2-expressing cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our genetic observations showed that the Osr2 gene plays a key role in osteoblastic cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Frontier Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan. skawai@dent.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wakisaka
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ooshima
authors.forename: Atsuo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amano
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D017931:DNA Primers; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; C438618:Osr2 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors