title: Effects of ayahuasca on psychometric measures of anxiety, panic-like and hopelessness in Santo Daime members.
abstract: The use of the hallucinogenic brew ayahuasca, obtained from infusing the shredded stalk of the malpighiaceous plant Banisteriopsis caapi with the leaves of other plants such as Psychotria viridis, is growing in urban centers of Europe, South and North America in the last several decades. Despite this diffusion, little is known about its effects on emotional states. The present study investigated the effects of ayahuasca on psychometric measures of anxiety, panic-like and hopelessness in members of the Santo Daime, an ayahuasca-using religion. Standard questionnaires were used to evaluate state-anxiety (STAI-state), trait-anxiety (STAI-trait), panic-like (ASI-R) and hopelessness (BHS) in participants that ingested ayahuasca for at least 10 consecutive years. The study was done in the Santo Daime church, where the questionnaires were administered 1h after the ingestion of the brew, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled procedure. While under the acute effects of ayahuasca, participants scored lower on the scales for panic and hopelessness related states. Ayahuasca ingestion did not modify state- or trait-anxiety. The results are discussed in terms of the possible use of ayahuasca in alleviating signs of hopelessness and panic-like related symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Processos Psicológicos Básicos, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília-DF 70910-900, Brazil. banisteria@gmail.com
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Landeira-Fernandez
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Strassman
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Motta
authors.forename: A P M
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Cruz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D031581:Banisteriopsis / Q000737:chemistry*; D001628:Beverages; D001938:Brazil; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006246:Harmaline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006247:Harmine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015394:Molecular Structure; D004130:N,N-Dimethyltryptamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010200:Panic / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D012067:Religion; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; C035525:tetrahydroharmine; C001326:harmol; D006247:Harmine; D006246:Harmaline; D004130:N,N-Dimethyltryptamine