title: The Leu544Ile polymorphism of the growth hormone receptor gene affects the serum cholesterol levels during GH treatment in children with GH deficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The cellular effects of growth hormone (GH) are mediated by the interaction between GH and the GH receptor (GHR). We investigated the association between polymorphisms in GHR and changes in height standard deviation scores (SDS), and lipid metabolism during GH treatment for GH-deficient children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 1-year study on growth rate and lipid metabolism under GH treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-three children (61 boys and 22 girls) with GH deficiency were treated with GH for 1 year after diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were treated with recombinant human GH (0.19 mg/kg/week) for at least 1 year after diagnosis. The growth rates and biochemical parameters for lipid metabolism were measured both before and during treatment. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GHR gene, Cys440Phe, Pro495Thr, Leu544Ile and Pro579Thr, and exon 3 deletion polymorphisms were genotyped by direct sequencing and multiplex PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no significant association between GHR polymorphisms and changes in height SDS during GH treatment. The total cholesterol levels of the GH-deficient boys with Ile/Ile at codon 544 showed significantly higher cholesterol levels before GH treatment and then maintained high levels during the GH treatment, compared to those with other genotypes. No other polymorphisms seemed to have any apparent effects on lipid metabolism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Leu544Ile polymorphism of the GHR gene is associated with cholesterol levels in boys with GH deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. k-ihara@paediatr.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ihara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inuo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuromaru
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyako
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kinukawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006128:Growth; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin / Q000235:genetics*; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone; D002784:Cholesterol