title: Combined analysis of genetic and environmental factors on essential hypertension in a brazilian rural population in the Amazon region.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, we evaluated the contribution of six genetic polymorphisms of the Renin-Angiotensis-Aldosterone system (RAAS) and clinical risk factors in the development of essential hypertension in a Brazilian rural population in the Amazon region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two hypertensive patients and seventy-eight normotensive individuals were evaluated. Genotyping for renin (REN G1051A), angiotensinogen (AGT) M235T, insertion/deletion of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE I/D), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) A1166C and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) C344T polymorphisms were performed using polymerase chain reaction, with further restriction analysis when required. The influence of genetic polymorphisms and clinical risk factors on blood pressure variation was assessed by stepwise linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report the co-occurrence of clinical risk factors and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism in a Brazilian rural population in the Amazon region. Our results indicate that increase of systolic blood pressure (SBP) is favored by ACE I/D- D allele and advanced age, while alcohol consumption and aging are associated with high diastolic blood pressure (DBP).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that in the Santa Isabel do Rio Negro population, the residents that carry ACE-D allele or have an alcohol consumption habit present higher values of SBP and DBP, respectively, with the passing of years.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ,Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. sroig@ioc.fiocruz.br
authors.forename: Silvia Regina Sampaio
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: Pedro Hernan
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Cabello
authors.forename: Rodrigo Soares
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Moura-Neto
authors.forename: Luciana Cresta
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Dolinsky
authors.forename: Marcio Neves
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Bóia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001938:Brazil; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers