title: Assessment of mitral annulus size and function by real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography in cardiomyopathy: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to assess mitral annular (MA) size and function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) using real-time 3-dimensional (3D) echocardiography (RT3DE).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 30 patients with HCM, 20 patients with DCM, and 30 control subjects. RT3DE measurements included end-systolic and end-diastolic MA area (MAA) (MAA(3D)), MA diameter(3D), MA fractional area change (MAFAC), and MA fractional shortening. In subgroup of 50 patients, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used for MAA(MRI) and MA diameter(MRI) measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  End-diastolic MAA(3D) was larger in HCM than in control group (P < .0001). Higher MAFAC and MA fractional shortening were present in HCM than in control group (P = .001 and P = .006, respectively). End-systolic and end-diastolic MAA(3D) in DCM were higher than in HCM and control groups (P < .0001). Lower MAFAC and MA fractional shortening were present in DCM than in HCM and control groups (P < .0001). MAFAC correlated well with left ventricular function in control subjects (r = 0.94, P < .0001), whereas correlation was less in DCM (r = 0.53, P = .02) and HCM (r = 0.42, P < .01). RT3DE and MRI measurements were comparable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RT3DE assessment of MA size and function in control subjects and patients with cardiomyopathy is accurate and well correlated with MRI.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Al-Husein University Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ashraf M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.forename: Osama I I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nemes
authors.forename: Tjeerd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Germans
authors.forename: Boudewijn J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Krenning
authors.forename: Marcel L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Geleijnse
authors.forename: Albert C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Van Rossum
authors.forename: Folkert J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: ten Cate
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003199:Computer Systems; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*