Translational control in endothelial cells.
Cellular phenotype and function is ultimately determined by the synthesis of proteins derived from a genetic blueprint. Control of gene expression occurs at multiple checkpoints, including the transcription of DNA into RNA and the translation of RNA into protein. Translational control mechanisms are important regulators of cellular phenotype, controlling up to 10% of overall cellular gene expression, yet they remain relatively understudied when compared with transcriptional control mechanisms. Specific regulation of protein synthesis from messenger RNA transcripts allows cells to temporally unlink translation from transcription and provides a mechanism for a more rapid response to environmental signals than if transcription were required. We discuss some of the fundamental concepts of translational control, tools for studying it and its relevance to vascular cells, in particular the endothelium.
Brant-Zawadzki
Peter B
PB
Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA.
Schmid
Douglas I
DI
Jiang
Huimao
H
Weyrich
Andrew S
AS
Zimmerman
Guy A
GA
Kraiss
Larry W
LW
D000818:Animals; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010641:Phenotype; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger