title: Intratesticular injection of a zinc-based solution as a contraceptive for dogs.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate, by light and transmission electron microscopy, the efficacy of a single intratesticular injection of a novel zinc-based solution, as a contraceptive for male dogs. Fifteen mongrel dogs were assigned to three groups (five dogs/group). Group 1, the control group, which consisted of animals ranging from 8 mo to 4 yr, was injected with saline solution. Group 2, which consisted of animals ranging from 8 mo to 1 yr old and Group 3, animals ranging from 2 to 4 yr old, were injected with a zinc-based solution (0.2-1.0mL; volume based on testicular width). There were no histopathological changes detected in testes from control dogs. Histological examination of treated groups revealed degeneration, vacuolation, fewer germ cells, formation of multinucleated giant cells, and a lack of elongated spermatids in atrophic seminiferous tubules. Leydig cells had varying degrees of lipid degeneration and necrosis. The majority of seminiferous tubules in all zinc-treated dogs were lined only by Sertoli cells, which were vacuolated. Ultrastructure of testis of treated groups had degenerate Sertoli and Leydig cells, characterized by numerous mitochondria with the lack of a matrix and agglomeration of lysosomal bodies. The cytoplasm of elongated spermatids was characterized by tubules of hyperplastic and hypertrophic smooth endoplasmic reticulum and numerous Golgi apparati. Round spermatids in Golgi phase had lysis of acrosomal vesicles. The degree of histological changes suggested irreversibility. In conclusion, intratesticular injection of a zinc-based solution effectively impaired spermatogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, EV-UFMG, PO Box 567, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-010, Brazil. ecso21@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Erika C S
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Maria Raquel
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.forename: Valdemiro A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Christina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Peixoto
authors.forename: Karina L A
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Saraiva
authors.forename: Marcelo Jorge Cavalcanti
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: de Sá
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: Antônio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Pinho Marques
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003267:Contraception / Q000379:methods; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D005942:Gluconates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D013092:Spermatogenesis-Blocking Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005942:Gluconates; D013092:Spermatogenesis-Blocking Agents; D015032:Zinc; C030691:gluconic acid