title: Cytokine patterns in fibromyalgia and their correlation with clinical manifestations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the possible role of the soluble factor in fibromyalgia (FM) by studying the correlation of cytokine levels with the patients' clinical and psychiatric profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty FM patients underwent clinical and psychiatric evaluations, and plasma levels of cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha), aspecific markers of inflammation, rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) antibodies, and anti-nuclear factor (FAN) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher levels of IL-10, IL-8 and TNF-alpha were found in FM patients than in controls. Significant correlations between the biochemical parameters and clinical data were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The higher levels of cytokines found in FM patients suggest the presence of an inflammatory response system (IRS) and highlight a parallel between the clinical symptoms and biochemical data. They support the hypothesis that cytokines may play a role in the clinical features of fibromyalgia. In addition, the similar cytokine patterns found in FM patients with different psychiatric profiles suggests that IRS impairment may play a specific role in the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. l.bazzichi@int.med.unipi.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bazzichi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Massimetti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giannaccini
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Giuliano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Feo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciapparelli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dell'Osso
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bombardieri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000523:psychology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10