title: Drug-resistance surveillance among newly HIV-1 diagnosed individuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to estimate primary resistance in an urban setting in a developing country with a long history of antiretroviral delivery and high coverage levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a resistance surveillance study according to WHO HIV-Resistance Guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were collected from 323 drug-naive HIV-1 infected individuals diagnosed at two HIV voluntary counselling and testing centers in Buenos Aires. Viral-load, CD4 cell counts and detuned assays were performed on all samples. The pol gene was sequenced and the resistance profile determined. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by neighbor-joining trees and bootscanning analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that 12 (4.2%) of the 284 samples sequenced harbored primary resistance mutations, of which K103N, M41L and V108I were most prevalent. Phylogenetic analysis revealed evidence for the transmission of the K103N mutation among the drug-naive population. The proportion of recent infections identified by the detuned assay was 10.1%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levels of primary resistance in Buenos Aires are still low, despite a long history of ARV delivery and high coverage levels.
authors.affiliation: National Reference Center for AIDS, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Dario A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dilernia
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lourtau
authors.forename: Alejandro M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ebenrstejin
authors.forename: Javier J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Toibaro
authors.forename: Christian T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Bautista
authors.forename: Rubén
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marone
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carobene
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pampuro
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gomez-Carrillo
authors.forename: Marcelo H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Losso
authors.forename: Horacio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Salomón
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D003906:Developing Countries; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D014504:Urban Health
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors