title: Effects of retrograde gastric electrical stimulation with pulse trains on gastric emptying of solids and plasma hormones in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retrograde gastric electrical stimulation (RGES) is proposed as a novel therapy for obesity. However, mechanisms of RGES are not fully investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of RGES with trains of pulses on gastric slow waves, gastric emptying of solids, and plasma concentrations of satiety-related peptides and glucose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven female beagle dogs implanted with 4 pairs of gastric electrodes on the gastric serosa were studied (control and RGES). Gastric emptying, gastric slow waves, and signs were recorded in each session. Plasma leptin, insulin, glucagons, and glucose were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RGES with pulse trains (a pulse width of 2 milliseconds) significantly decreased gastric emptying of solids and plasma insulin but has no effect on plasma leptin, glucagons, and glucose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute gastric electrical stimulation with pulse trains is able to decrease gastric emptying of solids and plasma insulin but has no effects on plasma leptin, glucagons, and glucose.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1307 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, P.R. 430074, China.
authors.forename: Geng-Qing
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Jiande D Z
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D004285:Dogs; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D013270:Stomach / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D005934:Glucagon