title: Risk factors for surgically treated benign prostatic hyperplasia in Western Australia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between personal, hormonal and lifestyle risk factors and surgically treated benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based case-control study was conducted in Western Australia (WA) on men aged 40-75 years who were surgically treated at public and private hospitals for BPH during 2001-2002. Controls were recruited from the WA electoral roll. Cases and controls were compared with regard to demographic and lifestyle factors and proxy measures of hormonal status using logistic regression. Data were available for 398 cases and 471 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No associations with BPH were found for family history of prostate cancer in father or brother, serving in the military in a combat area, pattern of baldness, smoking status, obesity, alcohol intake and occupational physical activity. The only inverse relationship was observed with heavy alcohol drinking (>30g/day), however, this was not statistically significant. An increased risk of BPH, not statistically significant, was observed for British-born men compared to Australian born and for history of vasectomy. The analysis was repeated after excluding 28% of controls with moderate and severe symptoms of BPH and 7% of cases with mild symptoms prior to surgery, and our results remained essentially unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that there are few risk factors for BPH although perhaps country of birth, vasectomy and heavy alcohol consumption may be considered further.
authors.affiliation: Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Australia. fritschi@waimr.uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fritschi
authors.forename: Jafar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tabrizi
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leavy
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ambrosini
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Timperio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006728:Hormones; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014904:Western Australia
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones