title: Time trends and geographical variation in cataract surgery rates in England: study of surgical workload.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phacoemulsification, day case surgery and Action on Cataracts have increased the national capacity for cataract surgery in England.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine time trends and geographical variation in rates of cataract surgery, and to determine whether there is evidence of overcapacity in current levels of surgical provision.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital episode statistics (HES), the hospital inpatient enquiry (HIPE) and the Oxford record linkage study (ORLS) were analysed for cataract admissions between the 1960s and 2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Annual rates of admission for cataract surgery in England rose 10-fold from 1968 to 2003: from 62 episodes per 100,000 population in 1968, through 173 in 1989, to 637 in 2004. The overall increase in cataract surgery was reflected by increases in every age group for both men and women. Geographical analysis showed that there was wide variation across local authority areas in annual rates of cataract surgery, from 172 to 548 people per 100,000 population in 1998-2003. The rate of surgery by local authority was positively correlated with the index of multiple deprivation (r(2) = 0.24).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The huge increase in cataract surgery over time and the wide geographical variation in rates, raise the question of whether there is now overcapacity for cataract surgery. High levels of social deprivation are associated with high rates of cataract surgery; this may be due to an increased prevalence of cataract or differences in referral patterns.
authors.affiliation: Oxford Eye Hospital, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. tiarnan.keenan@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Tiarnan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Keenan
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yeates
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldacre
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002386:Cataract / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008498:Medical Record Linkage; D008875:Middle Aged; D011204:Poverty Areas; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013222:State Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016526:Workload / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*