title: The nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1/CD39 is incorporated into human immunodeficiency type 1 particles, where it remains biologically active.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) carries a variety of host proteins in addition to virus-encoded structural proteins, both in its envelope and inside the viral particle. Previous studies have reported that the HIV-1 life-cycle is affected by such virus-associated host cell surface proteins. The nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1), also known as CD39, is a plasma membrane-bound ectoenzyme that hydrolyzes extracellular ATP and ADP to AMP. It has been shown that CD39 inhibits platelet function, and is thus a critical thromboregulatory molecule. We demonstrate here that host-derived CD39 is acquired by both laboratory-adapted and clinical variants of HIV-1 produced in cellular reservoirs of the virus. Moreover, purified CD39-bearing virions, but not isogenic viruses lacking CD39, display strong ATPase and ADPase activities. It is of particular interest that virions bearing this cellular enzyme can inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation, an effect blocked by an NTPDase inhibitor. On the basis of published and the present data on the functionality of human cellular proteins embedded within HIV-1, it can be proposed that these proteins might contribute to some of the immunologic deficiencies seen in infected individuals.
authors.affiliation: Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHUL Research Center, and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barat
authors.forename: Geneviève
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Adrien R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Beaudoin
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sévigny
authors.forename: Michel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tremblay
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001081:Apyrase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000502:physiology; D014771:Virion / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D001081:Apyrase; C067869:CD39 antigen