title: Efficacy of duloxetine on cognition, depression, and pain in elderly patients with major depressive disorder: an 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared the effects of duloxetine, 60 mg/day, versus placebo on cognition, depression, and pain in elderly patients with recurrent major depressive disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) to duloxetine, 60 mg/day (N=207), or placebo (N=104) for 8 weeks in a double-blind study. The primary outcome measure was a prespecified composite cognitive score composed of four individual tests. Secondary measures included the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Visual Analogue Scale assessing pain, and standard safety and tolerability assessments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients had a median age of 72 years (range=65-90). Duloxetine demonstrated significantly greater improvement in the composite cognitive score versus placebo (least-squares mean change from baseline to endpoint: 1.95 versus 0.76), driven by improved verbal learning and memory. Duloxetine treatment showed significantly greater baseline-to-endpoint reductions in both Hamilton depression scale (-6.49 versus -3.72) and Geriatric Depression Scale (-4.07 versus -1.34) total scores compared with placebo. Hamilton depression scale response (37.3% versus 18.6%) and remission (27.4% versus 14.7%) rates at endpoint were significantly higher for duloxetine than for placebo. Duloxetine significantly improved Visual Analogue Scale scores for back pain and time in pain while awake versus placebo. Significantly fewer patients receiving duloxetine withdrew from the study because of lack of efficacy (2.9% versus 9.6%); the incidences of discontinuation due to adverse events were similar for duloxetine and placebo (9.7% versus 8.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Duloxetine improved cognition, depression, and some pain measures and was safe and well tolerated in elderly patients with recurrent major depressive disorder.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly Canada, 3650 Danforth Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada MIN 2E8. joel.raskin@lilly.com
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raskin
authors.forename: Curtis G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Wiltse
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siegal
authors.forename: Javaid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.forename: Jimmy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Dinkel
authors.forename: Benjamin T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Rotz
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Mohs
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001416:Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010919:Placebos; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D010919:Placebos; D013876:Thiophenes; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride