title: Caffeine's influence on nicotine's effects in nonsmokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if nicotine's effects are influenced by caffeine in nonsmoking, moderate-caffeine consuming individuals (N=20).
  
  
  METHODS
  The first 3 sessions included one of 3 randomly ordered, double-blind caffeine doses (0, 75, or 150 mg, oral [po]) and 2 single-blind nicotine gum doses (2 and 4 mg) in ascending order. The fourth session (single blind) repeated the 0 mg caffeine condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nicotine increased heart rate and subjective ratings indicative of aversive effects, and decreased reaction times. These effects were independent of caffeine dose and reliable across sessions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In nonsmokers, nicotine effects are not influenced by moderate caffeine doses.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, Richmond, VA 23298-0205, USA. blankmd@vcu.edu
authors.forename: Melissa D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Blank
authors.forename: Bethea A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Kleykamp
authors.forename: Janine M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eissenberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects*; D001290:Attitude; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002638:Chewing Gum; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D002110:Caffeine; D009538:Nicotine