title: Advances in bronchoscopic diagnosis of lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this chapter we will discuss two bronchoscopic advances in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endobronchial ultrasound utilizes a flexible ultrasound probe fed through the working channel of a bronchoscope to image and biopsy lesions and lymph nodes beyond the wall of the bronchus. Electromagnetic navigation and guidance involves a specialized electromagnetic table with a computer program that maps the endobronchial tree and then helps navigate a bronchoscope to a particular lesion or lymph node.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We review a number of recent studies that utilize endobronchial ultrasound and electromagnetic navigation and guidance and analyze their performance characteristics for lung cancer diagnosis and staging as well the clinical applications of both technologies. Both are likely to play an increasing and integral role in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer in the near future. Endobronchial ultrasound will likely have its greatest impact on mediastinal lymph node staging while electromagnetic registration may impact both staging and diagnosis of peripheral lesions.
authors.affiliation: New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ost
mesh_terms: D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D019160:Endosonography; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014584:User-Computer Interface