title: Filaggrin null mutations are associated with increased asthma severity in children and young adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Filaggrin is a key protein involved in skin barrier function. Filaggrin (FLG) null mutations are important genetic predisposing factors for atopic disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the role of FLG null alleles in the clinical phenotype in children and young adults with asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  FLG mutations R501X and 2282del4 were assayed in 874 subjects 3 to 22 years old with asthma from Tayside. Lung function and disease severity were also studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The filaggrin mutations were significantly associated with greater disease severity for asthma. Independent of eczema, mean FEV(1)/forced vital capacity of FLG wild-type individuals differed from those carrying either FLG null allele (0.89 vs 0.86; P = .012). Individuals bearing FLG null alleles were more likely to be prescribed increased medication (chi(2) = 10.3; P = .001), with the homozygote null individuals having an odds ratio of 6.68 (95% CI, 1.7-27.0; P = .008) for being prescribed long-acting beta-agonists in addition to inhaled steroids. FLG null alleles were also associated with increased rescue medication use (P = .004). Individuals with asthma and with FLG null alleles were more likely to have eczema, and individuals with eczema tended to have more severe asthma; however, the association of FLG null alleles with all markers of asthma disease severity was similar in children with and without eczema.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FLG mutations are associated not only with eczema-associated asthma susceptibility but also with asthma severity independent of eczema status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FLG status influences controller and reliever medication requirements in children and young adults with asthma.
authors.affiliation: Population Pharmacogenetics Group, Biomedical Research Center, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Colin N A
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Tahmina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: Simon P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terron-Kwiatkowski
authors.forename: Yiwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Haihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Frances J D
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: W H Irwin
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.forename: Somnath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D000091344:Filaggrin Proteins; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; C000717249:FLG protein, human; D000091344:Filaggrin Proteins; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins