title: Ingestion of orthodontic anchorage screws: an experimental study in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sharp-edged foreign bodies that are accidentally swallowed can become lodged in the stomach. This animal study was undertaken to determine the outcome of orthodontic anchorage screw ingestion.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated radiographs of 10 mixed-breed dogs that ingested 10 orthodontic anchorage screws and 10 reamers (1 screw and 1 reamer per dog).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All orthodontic anchorage screws and all but 2 reamers were spontaneously passed within 7 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further investigation is needed to determine whether the results of our animal study agree with clinical findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. choibh@yonsei.ac.kr
authors.forename: Byung-Ho
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jingxu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Han-Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chang-Yong
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Seung-Mi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.forename: Seoung-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001863:Bone Screws / Q000009:adverse effects; D003679:Deglutition; D004285:Dogs; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000209:etiology; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011859:Radiography; D013270:Stomach / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging