title: Efficacy of intravenous midazolam for status epilepticus in childhood.
abstract: A retrospective multicenter study was conducted, designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of midazolam for the treatment of status epilepticus. The subjects were 358 inpatients who received intravenous midazolam therapy for status epilepticus. The mean age was 48.6 +/- 46.5 months. The underlying disorder was epilepsy in 195 cases, and acute symptomatic diseases in 163 (encephalitis or encephalopathy in 88 cases). Midazolam was administered as a bolus dose (0.25 +/- 0.21 mg/kg), followed if necessary by continuous infusion (0.26 +/- 0.25 mg/kg/hr). The bolus injection was effective in 162 (56.6%) of the 286 cases. In the end, seizure suppression was obtained in 231 cases (64.5% of the total). The effectiveness of midazolam was lower in patients in whom midazolam was initiated more than 3 hours after seizure onset, and this tendency was particularly marked in the epilepsy group. During the treatment period, 10 patients died, but none of these deaths were associated with midazolam therapy. The incidence and types of adverse events were consistent with previously reported data. The present results indicate that midazolam is highly effective for the management of status epilepticus, if used sufficiently early after seizure onset.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. khayashi@tymc.twmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kitami
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osawa
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aihara
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haginoya
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugai
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Shin-Ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamano
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsukura
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Kimio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minagawa
authors.forename: Tsunekazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamano
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamanouchi
authors.forename: Hideto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018757:GABA Modulators; D008874:Midazolam