Targeting of AID-mediated sequence diversification by cis-acting determinants.
After their assembly by V(D)J recombination, immunoglobulin (Ig) genes undergo somatic hypermutation, gene conversion, and class switch recombination to generate additional antibody diversity. The three diversification processes depend on activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and are tightly linked to transcription. The reactions occur primarily on Ig genes and the molecular mechanisms that underlie their targeting to Ig loci have been of intense interest. In this chapter, we discuss the evidence linking transcription and transcriptional control elements to the three diversification pathways, and we consider how various features of chromatin could render parts of the genome permissive for AID-mediated sequence diversification.
Yang
Shu Yuan
SY
Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Schatz
David G
DG
D000818:Animals; D000916:Antibody Diversity / Q000235:genetics*; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D006801:Humans; D017578:Immunoglobulin Class Switching / Q000235:genetics*; D027041:Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin / Q000235:genetics*; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase)
D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase); D003564:Cytidine Deaminase