Alteration of mitochondrial function and cell sensitization to death.
Stimulation of cell death is a powerful instrument in the organism's struggle with cancer. Apoptosis represents one mode of cell death. However, in a variety of tumor cells proapoptotic mechanisms are downregulated, or not properly activated, whereas antiapoptotic mechanisms are upregulated. Mitochondria are known as key players in the regulation of apoptotic pathways. Specifically, permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane and subsequent release of proapoptotic proteins from the intermembrane space are viewed as decisive events in the initiation and/or execution of apoptosis. Disruption of mitochondrial functions by anticancer drugs, which induce oxidative stress, inhibit mitochondrial respiration, or uncouple oxidative phosphorylation, can sensitize mitochondria in these cells and facilitate outer membrane permeabilization.
Gogvadze
Vladimir
V
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. Vladimir.Gogvadze@ki.se
Zhivotovsky
Boris
B
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D045304:Cytochromes c