title: Early assessment of therapy response in malignant lymphoma with the thymidine analogue [18F]FLT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether the thymidine analogue 3'-deoxy-3'-[(18)F]fluorothymidine ([(18)F]FLT) is adequate for early evaluation of the response of malignant lymphoma to antiproliferative treatment in a mouse xenotransplant model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunodeficient mice bearing a follicular lymphoma xenotransplant were treated with high-dose chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, n = 10), immunotherapy (CD20 mAb, ibritumomab-tiuxetan, n = 10) or radioimmunotherapy ([(90)Y]CD20 mAb, Zevalin, n = 10). Forty-eight hours after treatment, antiproliferative effects were assessed with [(18)F]FLT. Ninety minutes after i.v. injection of 5-10 MBq [(18)F]FLT, mice were sacrificed and radioactivity within the tumour and normal organs was measured using a gamma counter and calculated as % ID/g. The proliferation fraction in tissue samples derived from treated and untreated tumours was evaluated by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry, which served as the reference for proliferative activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In untreated lymphoma, the mean proliferation fraction was 83.6%. After chemotherapy, the mean proliferation fraction decreased to 39.3% (p = 0.0001), after immunotherapy to 77.6% (p = 0.0078) and after radioimmunotherapy to 78.8% (p = 0.014). In none of the animals was a significant change in tumour size observed. In untreated lymphoma, tumoural [(18)F]FLT uptake was 5.4% ID/g, after chemotherapy it was 1.5% (p = 0.0005), after immunotherapy, 3.9% (non-significant), and after radioimmunotherapy, 5.8% (non-significant).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a lymphoma xenotransplant model, [(18)F]FLT detects early antiproliferative drug activity before changes in tumour size are visible. These findings further support the use of [(18)F]FLT-PET for imaging early response to treatment in malignant lymphoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany. andreas.buck@tum.de
authors.forename: Andreas K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kratochwil
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Glatting
authors.forename: Malik
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juweid
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bommer
authors.forename: Djurdja
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tepsic
authors.forename: Andreas T J
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Vogg
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mattfeldt
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Neumaier
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: Sven N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Reske
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D051379:Mice; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C002854:alovudine