title: Development and evaluation of a just-in-time support system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To lay the foundation for a framework of just-in-time support (JITS) for novices dealing with urgent, unfamiliar tasks, and to evaluate a JITS system.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  More than 350,000 people die annually of cardiac arrest in the United States. In response, automated defibrillators are advocated that, unfortunately, do not provide important respiratory support. This paper presents elements of a framework for a JITS system that instructs a lay responder to follow a treatment protocol for integrating respiratory support with the use of an automatic external defibrillator.
  
  
  METHODS
  We simulated a medical emergency using a high-fidelity patient simulator and asked participants to care for the patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When using a paper-based NASA treatment protocol, participants made more errors and took longer to stabilize the injured person than when using the JITS system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate the benefit of a JITS system to instruct novices in unfamiliar tasks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The JITS system has the potential to improve the treatment outcome of victims of cardiac arrest. The JITS framework can be applied to many situations in which novices deal with urgent tasks without expertise available.
authors.affiliation: University of Utah, Department of Psychology, 390S 1530E BEH Rm. 502, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. drews@psych.utah.edu
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Drews
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Picciano
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Agutter
authors.forename: Noah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Syroid
authors.forename: Dwayne R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Westenskow
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Strayer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000193:education*; D047548:Defibrillators; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis