title: Encapsulation of lycopene extract from tomato pulp waste with gelatin and poly(gamma-glutamic acid) as carrier.
abstract: Tomato pulp waste, a byproduct obtained during the processing of tomato juice, has been shown to be a rich source of lycopene. The objectives of this study were to use gelatin and poly(gamma-glutamic acid) (gamma-PGA) as coating materials for the encapsulation of lycopene extract from tomato pulp waste. Initially, lycopene was extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide, followed by microencapsulation using an emulsion system consisting of 4.5% gelatin, 10% gamma-PGA, and 4.8% lycopene extract. Analysis of differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the thermal stability of the coating material could be up to 120 degrees C, with a mean particle size of 38.7 microm based on Coulter counter analysis. The total weight of microencapsulated powder was 617 microg with the yield of lycopene being 76.5%, indicating a 23.5% loss during freeze drying. During storage of microencapsulated powder, the concentrations of cis-, trans-, and total lycopene decreased along with increasing time and temperature. A fast release of lycopene in the powder occurred at pH 5.5 and 7.0, while no lycopene was released at pH 2.0 and 3.5.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Fu Jen University, Taipei 242, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002214:Capsules; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004355:Drug Stability; D005511:Food Handling; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D007220:Industrial Waste; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D011099:Polyglutamic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D011208:Powders
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D007220:Industrial Waste; D011208:Powders; C511775:poly(gamma-glutamic acid); D011099:Polyglutamic Acid; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene