title: Temsirolimus, interferon alfa, or both for advanced renal-cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interferon alfa is widely used for metastatic renal-cell carcinoma but has limited efficacy and tolerability. Temsirolimus, a specific inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin kinase, may benefit patients with this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this multicenter, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned 626 patients with previously untreated, poor-prognosis metastatic renal-cell carcinoma to receive 25 mg of intravenous temsirolimus weekly, 3 million U of interferon alfa (with an increase to 18 million U) subcutaneously three times weekly, or combination therapy with 15 mg of temsirolimus weekly plus 6 million U of interferon alfa three times weekly. The primary end point was overall survival in comparisons of the temsirolimus group and the combination-therapy group with the interferon group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients who received temsirolimus alone had longer overall survival (hazard ratio for death, 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58 to 0.92; P=0.008) and progression-free survival (P<0.001) than did patients who received interferon alone. Overall survival in the combination-therapy group did not differ significantly from that in the interferon group (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.20; P=0.70). Median overall survival times in the interferon group, the temsirolimus group, and the combination-therapy group were 7.3, 10.9, and 8.4 months, respectively. Rash, peripheral edema, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia were more common in the temsirolimus group, whereas asthenia was more common in the interferon group. There were fewer patients with serious adverse events in the temsirolimus group than in the interferon group (P=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As compared with interferon alfa, temsirolimus improved overall survival among patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma and a poor prognosis. The addition of temsirolimus to interferon did not improve survival. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00065468 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA. gary.hudes@fccc.edu
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hudes
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carducci
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tomczak
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dutcher
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Figlin
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Staroslawska
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sosman
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bodrogi
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kovacevic
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lesovoy
authors.forename: Ingo G H
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Wolf
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Barbarash
authors.forename: Erhan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gokmen
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: O'Toole
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lustgarten
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Motzer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D005260:Female; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011494:Protein Kinases; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016019:Survival Analysis; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; C401859:temsirolimus; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020123:Sirolimus