title: Attention and executive functions in adolescents with spina bifida.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to examine attention processes and executive functioning in adolescents with spina bifida, and to explore whether impairment in these domains contributes to problems with social adjustment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of adolescents with spina bifida (n = 68) and a matched comparison group (n = 68) and their families were followed longitudinally. All participants completed questionnaires, and the adolescent participants underwent neurocognitive testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The spina bifida sample showed greater impairment on objective and subjective measures of attention and executive functioning, even when differences in intellectual functioning were controlled. Additionally, attention and executive deficits were found to be predictive of social adjustment difficulties. A mediational analysis suggested the neurocognitive deficits mediate associations between spina bifida status and social adjustment difficulties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescents with spina bifida appear to exhibit clear impairment in attention and executive functioning and this impairment may contribute to their well-established social difficulties.
authors.affiliation: Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. brigid.rose2@va.gov
authors.forename: Brigid M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Grayson N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Holmbeck
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012917:Social Adjustment; D016136:Spina Bifida Occulta / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires