The role of nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of intimal hyperplasia.
Since its discovery, nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a biologically important molecule and was even named Molecule of the Year by Science magazine in 1992. Specific to our interests, NO has been implicated in the regulation of vascular pathology. This review begins with a summary of the molecular biology of NO, from its discovery to the mechanisms of endogenous production. Next, we turn our attention to describing the arterial injury response of neointimal hyperplasia, and we review the role of NO in the pathophysiology of neointimal hyperplasia. Finally, we review the literature regarding NO-based therapies. This includes the development of inhalational-based NO therapies, systemically administered L-arginine and NO donors, NO synthase gene therapy, locally applied NO donors, and NO-releasing prosthetic materials. By reviewing the current literature, we emphasize the tremendous clinical potential that NO-based therapies can have on the development of neointimal hyperplasia.
Ahanchi
Sadaf S
SS
Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Tsihlis
Nick D
ND
Kibbe
Melina R
MR
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001158:Arteries / Q000201:enzymology / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D004337:Drug Carriers; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness; D010974:Platelet Aggregation; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000201:enzymology / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase