title: Clenbuterol determination in calf hair by UPLC-MS-MS: case report of a fraudulent use for cattle growth.
abstract: A method for clenbuterol determination in hair has been developed. Hair specimens collected from two calves were decontaminated using hot water followed by methylene chloride. Hair was cut into small pieces, and 100 mg was incubated in 1 mL 0.1M hydrochloric acid overnight at 45 degrees C in the presence of 1 ng acebutolol used as internal standard. After neutralization with 1 mL 0.1M NaOH, 2 mL of bicarbonate buffer (pH 8.6) were added and the preparation was then purified using solid-phase extraction with an Isolute C18 column. Methanolic eluent was evaporated to dryness and the residue was reconstituted with 50 microL methanol. A 5-microL portion was injected onto an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 x 50 mm, 1.7 microm) and separation was achieved using a gradient of acetonitrile and formate buffer delivered at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. Detection was done on a Waters Micromass Quattro Micro API triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. Ionization was achieved using electrospray in positive mode. Clenbuterol was identified by two transitions (m/z 277.1 > 203.2 and m/z 277.1 > 132.1). Quantitation was performed with the most intensive transition (m/z 277.1 > 203.2) versus the internal standard monitored using the transition (m/z 337.3 > 116.1). When compared with gas chromatography methods that are generally used for the determination of beta-adrenergics, the major advantages of this method were the sensitivity, a shorter run time, and the absence of a derivatization step. The analysis of two hair samples from calves suspected of drug administration showed low clenbuterol concentrations at 3.6 and 4.8 pg/mg.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire ChemTox, 3 rue Grüninger, 67400 Ilkirch, France. guillaume.salquebre@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salquèbre
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bresson
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Villain
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cirimele
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kintz
mesh_terms: D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002417:Cattle; D002976:Clenbuterol / Q000032:analysis*; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000379:methods; D005607:Fraud; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D002976:Clenbuterol