title: Combined modality therapy of esthesioneuroblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare tumor of the olfactory epithelium. The objective of this study was to evaluate treatment modalities including surgery, IMRT, and chemotherapy and patient outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was performed on a total of 21 patients. Therapy included craniofacial resection (CFR), radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up period was 47 months. Surgery was performed in 90.4% of cases; radiotherapy was performed adjuvantly in 15 (72.7%) patients. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were administered to 7 (33.3%) patients. Eight (38.3%) patients had local recurrence. The 5-year crude overall survival was 71.4% and actuarial 5-year overall survival was 58% with confidence interval (CI, 25 and 81, respectively). The 5-year crude disease-free survival rate was 59% and the 5-year actuarial disease-free survival rate was 62% (CI, 28 and 83, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multidisciplinary therapy of ENB should be considered, especially for Kadish C and high-grade lesions. Craniofacial resection (CFR), Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and chemotherapy should be investigated in a multi-institution trial of ENB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: J Nicolas
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.forename: Sunjay R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Nunley
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klass
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Peter A S
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Johnstone
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D018304:Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009296:Nasal Cavity; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009831:Olfactory Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor