title: Characterization of fusion determinants points to the involvement of three discrete regions of both E1 and E2 glycoproteins in the membrane fusion process of hepatitis C virus.
abstract: Infection of eukaryotic cells by enveloped viruses requires the merging of viral and cellular membranes. Highly specific viral surface glycoproteins, named fusion proteins, catalyze this reaction by overcoming inherent energy barriers. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an enveloped virus that belongs to the genus Hepacivirus of the family Flaviviridae. Little is known about the molecular events that mediate cell entry and membrane fusion for HCV, although significant progress has been made due to recent developments in infection assays. Here, using infectious HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpp), we investigated the molecular basis of HCV membrane fusion. By searching for classical features of fusion peptides through the alignment of sequences from various HCV genotypes, we identified six regions of HCV E1 and E2 glycoproteins that present such characteristics. We introduced conserved and nonconserved amino acid substitutions in these regions and analyzed the phenotype of HCVpp generated with mutant E1E2 glycoproteins. This was achieved by (i) quantifying the infectivity of the pseudoparticles, (ii) studying the incorporation of E1E2 and their capacity to mediate receptor binding, and (iii) determining their fusion capacity in cell-cell and liposome/HCVpp fusion assays. We propose that at least three of these regions (i.e., at positions 270 to 284, 416 to 430, and 600 to 620) play a role in the membrane fusion process. These regions may contribute to the merging of viral and cellular membranes either by interacting directly with lipid membranes or by assisting the fusion process through their involvement in the conformational changes of the E1E2 complex at low pH.
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, IFR 128, F-69007 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Dimitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lavillette
authors.forename: Eve-Isabelle
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Pécheur
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Donot
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fresquet
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molle
authors.forename: Romuald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Corbau
authors.forename: Marlène
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dreux
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Penin
authors.forename: François-Loïc
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Cosset
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008561:Membrane Fusion; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014771:Virion / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C087035:E1 protein, Hepatitis C virus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C091015:glycoprotein E2, Hepatitis C virus