title: XRCC1 codon 399 and ERCC2 codon 751 polymorphism, smoking, and drinking and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a North Indian population.
abstract: XRCC1 (X-ray cross-complementing group 1) codon 399 and ERCC2 (excision repair cross-complementing group 2) codon 751 polymorphisms were studied in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESQCC) in a North Indian population. Peripheral blood samples of 120 cases and 160 age-and-gender matching controls were collected from North India and the two polymorphisms were studied by means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. The data were analyzed with a logistic regression model. The XRCC1 codon 399 Gln/Gln genotype was significantly associated with reduced risk of ESQCC (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.12-0.78, P = 0.01). In smokers, the XRCC1 Arg/Gln genotype was marginally and statistically nonsignificantly (OR = 1.5) associated with increased risk of this cancer. In drinkers, the XRCC1 Gln/Gln genotype was significantly protective (OR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.007-0.605, P = 0.03), whereas ERCC2 (Lys/Gln-Gln/Gln) was marginally associated with increased risk (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 0.46-9.44). Upon analysis of gene-gene interaction, a relationship was observed, although statistically nonsignificant, between combined genotypes of XRCC1 (Arg/Gln-Gln/Gln)-ERCC2 Gln/Gln (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.09-1.16) and XRCC1 (Gln/Gln)-ERCC2 (Lys/Gln) (OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.11-1.17) and reduced risk of ESQCC in the North Indian population. These observations suggest that the Gln/Gln genotype of XRCC1 might play an important role in DNA repair in ESQCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India. rcsobti@pu.ac.in
authors.forename: Ranbir Chander
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sobti
authors.forename: Jagmohan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Pushpinder
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Suparna S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Pachouri
authors.forename: Ehtesham A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.forename: Harnish Singh
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Bindra
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000235:genetics; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1; C000619371:XRCC1 protein, human; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein; C497292:ERCC2 protein, human