title: Babesia gibsoni: detection during experimental infections and after combined atovaquone and azithromycin therapy.
abstract: Babesia gibsoni is a protozoan parasite of dogs worldwide yet both an effective treatment and a reliable method for detecting subclinical cases of this emerging infection remain elusive. Experimental B. gibsoni infections were established in vivo to investigate the efficacy of combined atovaquone and azithromycin drug therapy and to determine the detection limits of a nested-PCR, IFAT and microscopy during various stages of infection. While atovaquone and azithromycin produced a reduction in parasitaemia, it did not eliminate the parasite and drug resistance appeared to develop in one dog. Polymerase chain reaction was found to be most useful in detecting infection in the pre-acute and acute stages, while IFAT was most reliable during chronic infections. Microscopy is suggested to be only effective for detecting acute stage infections. This study also describes the detection of B. gibsoni in tissue samples during chronic infections for the first time, suggesting possible sequestration of this parasite.
authors.affiliation: Australasian Centre for Companion Animal Research, Division of Health Sciences, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jefferies
authors.forename: U M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jardine
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Irwin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D053626:Atovaquone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001403:Babesia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001404:Babesiosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D004285:Dogs; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000662:veterinary; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D017963:Azithromycin; D053626:Atovaquone