title: Bicuspid aortic valve in competitive athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a common congenital cardiac condition. The presence of BAV in non-elite athletes has been poorly investigated; it is usually asymptomatic until valvular stenosis, regurgitation or other vascular alterations are evident.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a three-year period, 2273 competitive athletes were consecutively investigated with transthoracic echocardiography. The traditional parameters, the aortic root dimensions at four levels and the systolic and diastolic flow of aortic valve, were studied with continuous Doppler according to the echo guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study protocol included all the non-elite athletes investigated for the first evaluation to obtain eligibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  2273 competitive athletes aged 8-60 years from several sports and regularly trained were evaluated with anamnesis, clinical check-up and echocardiography in order to exclude subjects with systemic or congenital heart disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BAV was diagnosed in 58 athletes (2.5%). Of these, nine had normal valvular function, 47 had abnormal valvular function with mild-moderate aortic regurgitation, and two had moderate stenosis. Aortic root dimensions at all levels were significantly greater in athletes with BAV than in athletes with a normal tricuspid valve. No relation was found with age, body surface area, aortic regurgitation or years of training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BAV is a relatively common congenital cardiac disease in athletes and commonly asymptomatic for a long time. This study suggests the usefulness of evaluating young athletes using echocardiography at least once when they start their sporting activity.
authors.affiliation: Sport Medicine Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. laura-stefani@tiscali.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stefani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galanti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Toncelli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manetti
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Vono
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maffulli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D002648:Child; D003163:Competitive Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*