title: Determination of theobromine, theophylline, and caffeine in by-products of cupuacu and cacao seeds by high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: Theobromine, theophylline, and caffeine are determined simultaneously by a rapid and selective reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with UV detection in by-products of cupuacu and cacao seeds. The determination is carried out in the raw and roasted ground cupuacu seeds and in the corresponding powders obtained after pressure treatment. The by-products of both cupuacu seeds and cacao seeds are obtained under the same technological conditions. The HPLC method uses isocratic elution with a mobile phase of methanol-water-acetic acid (80:19:1) (v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and UV absorbance detection at 275 nm. Total elution time for these analytes is less than 10 min, and the detection limit for all analytes is 0.1 mg/g. The amounts of theobromine and caffeine found in all the cupuacu samples are one or more orders of magnitude lower than those from cacao. Theophylline is found in all cacao samples except for the roasted ground paste, and it is only found in the roasted ground paste in the cupuacu samples.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Area Ambientale ed Agroalimentare, Università degli Studi di Udine, Via Tomadini 30/A, 33100 Udine, Italy. filippo@uniud.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lo Coco
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lanuzza
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Micali
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cappellano
mesh_terms: D002099:Cacao / Q000196:embryology*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D012015:Reference Standards; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013805:Theobromine / Q000032:analysis*; D013806:Theophylline / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002110:Caffeine; D013806:Theophylline; D013805:Theobromine