title: Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and ductal adenocarcinoma induced by DMBA in mice: effects of alcohol and caffeine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of alcohol and caffeine in a pancreatic carcinogenesis mouse model induced by 7,12-dimethylbenzantracene (DMBA), according to the PanIN classification system.
  
  
  METHODS
  120 male, Mus musculus, CF-1 mice were divided into four groups. Animals received either water or caffeine or alcohol or alcohol + caffeine in their drinking water. In all animals, 1 mg of DMBA was implanted into the head of the pancreas. After 30 days, euthanasia was performed; excised pancreata were then fixed in formalin, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and categorized as follows: normal ducts, reactive hyperplasia, PanIN-1A, PanIN-1B, PanIN-2, PanIN-3 or adenocarcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PanIN lesions were verified in all groups. Adenocarcinoma was detected in 15% of animals in the caffeine group, 16.6% in the water group, 23.8% in the alcohol + caffeine group and 52.9% in the alcohol group (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experimental pancreatic carcinogenesis mouse model using DMBA effectively induces PanIN lesions and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This study verified the association between alcohol use and pancreatic adenocarcinoma; caffeine did not present the same effect.
authors.affiliation: Surgery Post-Graduation Program, UFRGS, Brazil. lwendt@hcpa.ufrgs.br
authors.forename: Luiz Roberto
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Wendt
authors.forename: Alessandro Bersch
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Osvaldt
authors.forename: Vivian Pierre
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Bersch
authors.forename: Rita de Cássia
authors.initials: Rde C
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: Maria Isabel Albano
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Edelweiss
authors.forename: Luiz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rohde
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000633:toxicity*; D002273:Carcinogens; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D002110:Caffeine; D000431:Ethanol; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene