title: Inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis by depletion of vesicular sorting protein Hrs: its regulatory role on E-cadherin and beta-catenin.
abstract: Abnormally high signals from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are associated with carcinogenesis, and impaired deactivation of RTKs may also be a mechanism in cancer. Hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (Hrs) is one of the master regulators that sort activated receptors toward lysosomes and shut down their signals. Hrs contains a ubiquitin-interacting motif and is involved in the endosomal sorting of monoubiquitinated membrane proteins, such as growth factor receptor and E-cadherin. Here, we investigated the role of Hrs in determining the malignancy of cancer cells and discovered that the targeted disruption of Hrs by small interfering RNA effectively attenuated the proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, tumorigenesis, and metastatic potential of HeLa cells in vitro and in vivo. The restoration of Hrs expression increased cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in a mouse embryonic fibroblast line established from a Hrs knockout mouse. Further analysis revealed that Hrs depletion was associated with the up-regulation of E-cadherin and reduced beta-catenin signaling. The aberrant accumulation of E-cadherin most likely resulted from impaired E-cadherin degradation in lysosomes. These results suggest that Hrs may play a critical role in determining the malignancy of cancer cells by regulating the degradation of E-cadherin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toyoshima
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Masanao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kyuuma
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yaegashi
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugamura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015820:Cadherins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000502:physiology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D015854:Up-Regulation; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D051176:beta Catenin; C096164:hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate