title: Assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations in male and female multiple sclerosis patients and control volunteers.
abstract: Populations with insufficient ultraviolet exposure and who consume diets low in vitamin D have low vitamin D status (plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations) and a reported higher incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS). The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), is an effective anti-inflammatory molecule. No research to date has assessed 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations in individuals with MS. In this study, plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D3 and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured in 29 individuals with MS and 22 age- and sex-matched control volunteers. There were no significant differences in plasma PTH, 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations between individuals with MS and control volunteers. Women with MS had significantly higher 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations than men with MS (79.1+/-45.4 versus 50.2+/-15.3 nmol/L, P=0.019 and 103.8+/-36.8 versus 70.4+/-28.7 pmol/L, P=0.019, respectively). There was a significant positive correlation between 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations in all subjects (r=0.564, P=0.000), but secondary analysis revealed that the correlation was driven by women with MS (r=0.677, P=0.001). Significant sex differences in vitamin D metabolism were observed and were most marked in individuals with MS, suggesting that vitamin D requirements may differ between the sexes, as well as by underlying disease state.
authors.affiliation: Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bonham
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Strain
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lowe-Strong
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eaton-Evans
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ginty
authors.forename: J M W
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wallace
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D002117:Calcitriol