title: LRRC4 inhibits human glioblastoma cells proliferation, invasion, and proMMP-2 activation by reducing SDF-1 alpha/CXCR4-mediated ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathways.
abstract: Gliomas take a number of different genetic routes in the progression to glioblastoma multiforme, a highly invasive variant that is mostly unresponsive to current therapies. The alpha-chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 alpha binds to the seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled CXCR-4 receptor and acts to modulate cell migration and proliferation by activating multiple signal transduction pathways. Leucine-rich repeats containing 4 (LRRC4), a putative glioma suppressive gene, inhibits glioblastoma cells tumorigenesis in vivo and cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. We also previously demonstrated that LRRC4 controlled glioblastoma cells proliferation by ERK/AKT/NF-kappa B signaling pathway. In the present study, we demonstrate that CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is expressed in human glioblastoma U251 cell line, and that SDF-1 alpha increases the proliferation, chemotaxis, and invasion in CXCR4+ glioblastoma U251 cells through the activation of ERK1/2 and Akt. The reintroduction of LRRC4 in U251 cells inhibits the expression of CXCR4 and SDF-1 alpha/CXCR4 axis-mediated downstream intracellular pathways such as ERK1/2 and Akt leading to proliferate, chemotactic and invasive effects. Furthermore, we provide evidence for proMMP-2 activation involvement in the SDF-1 alpha/CXCR4 axis-mediated signaling pathway. LRRC4 significantly inhibits proMMP-2 activation by SDF-1 alpha/CXCR4 axis-mediated ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathway. Collectively, these results suggest a possible important "cross-talk" between LRRC4 and SDF-1 alpha/CXCR4 axis-mediated intracellular pathways that can link signals of cell proliferation, chemotaxis and invasion in glioblastoma, and may represent a new target for development of new therapeutic strategies in glioma.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 110# Xiang-Ya Road, Changsha, 410078 Hunan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Minghua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiayu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yunlian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Yanhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Shourong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Guiyuan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002633:Chemotaxis; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000378:metabolism*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; C503331:LRRC4 protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D018093:Gelatinases; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C069860:progelatinase; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9