title: Giardia duodenalis infection: risk factors for children living in sub-standard settlements in Brazil.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to characterize Giardia duodenalis infection among children living in sub-standard settlement areas in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The cross-sectional epidemiological study included 590 children from 1 to 5 years of age. Data were collected from one child per selected family through home interviews with the parent or guardian and parasitological examination of stool samples. Thirty-one putative risk factors concerning family structure, socioeconomic status, and environmental factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Prevalence of G. duodenalis infection was 18% (106 children). Four potential risk factors were heavily associated with G. duodenalis infection: number of under-five children in the same household, index child's birth order, existence of a bathroom in the home, and drinking water source.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua Antônio Marinho Saraiva 115, Juiz de Fora, MG 36025-555, Brazil. juliotei@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Júlio César
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Léo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: Mauricio L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Barreto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology*; D005260:Female; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012499:Sanitation; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population; D014881:Water Supply