title: Improvement in underwater phase measurement of an amplitude-modulated laser beam by polarimetric techniques.
abstract: The phase of the amplitude-modulated radiation reflected by a Lambertian target immersed in water was measured by using a linearly and circularly polarized sounding laser beam. Different values of the water extinction coefficient in the range of 0.06 - 2 m(-1) were realized by adding skim milk as a scattering element. It is shown that very efficient rejection of optical noise, resulting in reliable phase measurements, is accomplished with a cross-polarized and copolarized detection scheme for linear and circular polarization, respectively. The experiment demonstrates that phase measurements are very sensitive to optical noise suppression and that, as far as single scattering is the main involved mechanism, significant improvements can be achieved by adopting a polarization control on both the transmitter and the receiver stages of the apparatus.
authors.affiliation: Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment, Frascati, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bartolini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Dominicis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fornetti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Francucci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guarneri
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poggi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ricci