title: Epithelial transport of deoxynivalenol: involvement of human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2).
abstract: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a major mycotoxic contaminant of cereal grains in Europe and North America. Human and animal contamination occurs mainly orally, and the toxin must traverse the intestinal epithelial barrier before inducing potential health effects. This study investigates the mechanisms of DON transepithelial transfer. Investigations using the human intestinal Caco-2 cell line showed a basal-to-apical polarized transport of the toxin. Both apical-basolateral (AP-BL) and basolateral-apical (BL-AP) transfers were time- and concentration-dependent, and not saturable between 5 and 30 microM DON. Arrhenius plot analysis revealed that transfer of 10 microM DON was temperature-dependent, with apparent activation energy E(a)=3.2 kcal mol(-1) in the AP-BL direction, and E(a)=10.4 kcal mol(-1) in the BL-AP direction. Intracellular DON accumulation was increased and DON efflux was decreased by ATP depletion, by P-glycoprotein inhibitor valspodar and by MRP2 inhibitor MK571, but not by BCRP inhibitor Ko143. Intracellular DON accumulation was then investigated using epithelial cell lines transfected with human P-glycoprotein or MRP2. This accumulation was decreased in LLCPK1-MDR1 and MDCKII-MRP2 cells, compared to wild-type cells, and the decrease could be reversed by valspodar or MK571. Taken together, these results suggest that DON is a substrate for both P-glycoprotein and MRP2.
authors.affiliation: UMR 1233, Métabolisme et Toxicologie Comparée des Xénobiotiques, INRA-DGER, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, 1 av. Bourgelat, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France.
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Videmann
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tep
authors.forename: Séverine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cavret
authors.forename: Sylvaine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lecoeur
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003524:Cyclosporins / Q000494:pharmacology; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004285:Dogs; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D018374:LLC-PK1 Cells; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011422:Propionates / Q000494:pharmacology; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature; D014162:Transfection; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D003524:Cyclosporins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D011422:Propionates; D011804:Quinolines; D014255:Trichothecenes; C513055:ABCB1 protein, human; C000715087:ABCC2 protein, human; C059141:verlukast; C007262:deoxynivalenol; C070272:valspodar