title: Influence of communal alpine pasturing on the spread of pestiviruses among sheep and goats in Austria: first identification of border disease virus in Austria.
abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of communal Alpine pasturing on the spread of pestivirus infections among sheep and goats. The study included 481 sheep from 23 farms and 131 goats from 26 farms pastured on separated Alpine meadows in the western part of Austria. At the starting of pasturing on the sheep meadow, 325 (67.6%) animals were seropositive, on the goat meadows in 16 (12.2%) samples antibodies to pestiviruses were detected. At the end of pasturing, 74 seronegative sheep and two seronegative goats had seroconverted. Between the beginning and the end of pasturing the seroprevalence in sheep increased significantly from 67.6% to 83% (P<0.05). Moreover, in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of four sheep, pestivirus-specific RNA was detected before as well as after pasturing; these animals remained serologically negative throughout the investigation. They were, therefore, identified as persistently infected. Sequence analysis in the N(pro) region revealed that the detected pestiviruses were the same at genetic level and they were grouped into the Border disease virus (BDV)-3 genotype. No pestivirus RNA was found in goat samples. The results of this survey indicate that communal Alpine pasturing does play a key role in the spread of BDV. Moreover, BDV has been identified and characterized for the first time in sheep in Austria, which until then had been regarded as being free from BD.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Herd Management, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria. Reinhild.Krametter@vu-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krametter-Froetscher
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kohler
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Benetka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moestl
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Golja
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vilcek
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D001882:Border Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D018083:Border disease virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000662:veterinary; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D006041:Goats; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral