title: Clinical characterization of retinal capillary hemangioblastomas in a large population of patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the epidemiology and ocular phenotype of retinal capillary hemangioblastomas associated with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease in a large cohort of patients and to correlate patient and ocular characteristics to visual morbidity in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 220 unrelated pedigrees, 335 patients affected with VHL disease and retinal capillary hemangioblastomas (RCHs) in at least 1 eye.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographics of the patient population were recorded and the ocular phenotype of each patient was obtained with a comprehensive ocular examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient population was characterized and the ocular phenotype described in relationship to tumor location, number, and extent of retinal involvement. Correlations between patient demographics, ocular phenotype, and visual function were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected RCHs unilaterally in 42.1% and bilaterally in 57.9% of patients. No correlation was detected between the age, gender, or laterality of involvement. Of involved eyes, 86.6% had tumors that could be individually visualized; of these, tumors were commonly found in the peripheral retina (84.7%) only, and less commonly in the juxtapapillary area (15.3%). The tumor count in the periphery averaged 2.5+/-1.8 per eye, with 25.2% of eyes having >1 quadrant of retinal involvement. Of involved eyes, 13.4% were enucleated or prephthsical; approximately 1 in 5 patients had > or =1 eyes so affected. Severe visual impairment (visual acuity < or =20/160) in affected eyes were more likely to be associated with increasing age, the presence of juxtapapillary lesions, and an increasing number and extent of peripheral lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This large cohort of VHL patients with RCHs has enabled a systematic and quantitative characterization of the demographics, ocular features, and visual function in VHL disease. Clinical correlations between the visual morbidity and ocular features of the disease were also performed, producing measures that can help clinicians to estimate visual prognoses better based on the ocular phenotype of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1204, USA.
authors.forename: Wai T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Agrón
authors.forename: Hanna R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Tam
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: George F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Csaky
authors.forename: Emily Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Chew
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002196:Capillaries / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005260:Female; D018325:Hemangioblastoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014792:Visual Acuity; D006623:von Hippel-Lindau Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*