title: Improvement in caecal intubation rate and pain reduction by using 3-dimensional magnetic imaging for unsedated colonoscopy: a randomized trial of patients referred for colonoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Use of magnetic endoscope imaging (MEI) during colonoscopy has the potential to ease caecal intubation and patient discomfort and to reduce dependence on sedation and/or analgesics (SAs). However, pain reduction by using MEI has not been demonstrated so far, probably because of the liberal use of SAs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of MEI on caecal intubation and patient pain during unsedated colonoscopy performed by experienced and inexperienced colonoscopists.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of outpatients referred for colonoscopy were randomly allocated to examination with (imager group) or without (standard group) the use of MEI. Patients agreeing to SAs being given only on demand were included in the study. End-points were caecal intubation and pain, the latter to be graded by category on a form to be completed on the day after the examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of colonoscopies performed without SAs was similar when comparing imager and standard groups and experienced with inexperienced colonoscopists; altogether 367(88%) out of 419 colonoscopies. The caecal intubation rate was higher in the imager group (190/212 (90%)) than in the standard group (153/207(74%)) (p<0.001), both collectively and separately for experienced and inexperienced colonoscopists. A pain-reducing effect of MEI was shown only when performed by experienced colonoscopists, with severe pain in 10/137 patients (7.3%) in the imager group and 21/132 patients (16%) in the standard group (p=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In colonoscopy without the routine use of SAs, MEI significantly improves the caecum intubation rate and reduces pain during the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway. hofg@online.no
authors.forename: Geir
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bretthauer
authors.forename: Stein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dahler
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huppertz-Hauss
authors.forename: Jostein
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sauar
authors.forename: Jørn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: Birgitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seip
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moritz
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002432:Cecum; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives