title: Bombesin attenuates pre-mRNA splicing of glucocorticoid receptor by regulating the expression of serine-arginine protein p30c (SRp30c) in prostate cancer cells.
abstract: Although glucocorticoids are frequently administered to patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer, their therapeutic effectiveness is limited by the development of glucocorticoid resistance. The molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance are unknown but are believed to involve neuropeptide growth factors and cytokines. We examined the functional interaction between bombesin and dexamethasone in PC-3 cells and found that bombesin could act as a survival factor by interfering with dexamethasone-mediated growth inhibition. Because glucocorticoids exert their effects through glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), we measured the expression of GR alpha and GR beta isoforms in the presence of bombesin. Western blotting and real time PCR revealed bombesin induced expression of GR beta, but not GR alpha. Because GR isoforms are generated by alternative splicing of a common GR gene, we examined the expression of serine-arginine (SR) proteins involved in alternative splicing, and found that the expression of SRp30 was induced by bombesin in PC-3 cells. To characterize the role of SRp30 in splicing of GR isoforms, siRNAs specific to various SRp30 isoforms were transfected into PC-3 cells. We found that suppression of SRp30c expression by siRNA specifically antagonized bombesin's effect on glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of PC cells, suggesting that bombesin-induced expression of SRp30c affects GR pre-mRNA splicing, leading to increased GR beta expression and contributing to glucocorticoid resistance in PC cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and New York Presbyterian Hospital, Rm E-300, Box 23, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jun Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Oscar B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cartegni
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Nanus
authors.forename: Ruoqian
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D001839:Bombesin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012322:RNA Precursors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012326:RNA Splicing; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000068103:Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012322:RNA Precursors; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D000068103:Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors; D001839:Bombesin