title: Differential DNA methylation associated with hepatitis B virus infection in hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: Gene inactivation through DNA hypermethylation plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. This study aimed to profile aberrant DNA methylation in different stages of liver disease, namely noncirrhosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and also to clarify the influence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on the aberrant DNA methylation in HCCs. Promoter methylation in p14(ARF), p16(INK4a), O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) and E-cadherin (E-Cad) genes of 58 HCCs paired with adjacent nontumorous tissues was assayed by methylation-specific PCR. HBV infection was determined using a hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) serological assay. The frequency of p16(INK4a) promoter methylation increased from noncirrhotic, cirrhotic, to HCC tissues (noncirrhotic vs. HCC, p < 0.001), while that of GSTP1 promoter methylation increased in cirrhotic tissues compared to noncirrhotic ones (p = 0.029). The frequency of GSTP1 promoter hypermethylation is significantly higher in HCC than in nontumorous tissues (p = 0.022) from HBsAg-positive patients, but not the HBsAg-negative controls (p = 0.289). While the frequency of E-Cad promoter hypermethylation remained high in both nontumorous tissues and HCCs from HBsAg-positive patients (p = 0.438), it was lower in HCCs than in nontumorous tissues from HBsAg-negative patients (p = 0.002). In contrast, the frequency of p16(INK4a), MGMT and p14(ARF) promoter hypermethylation in HCCs was unrelated to HBsAg status. In conclusion, aberrant DNA methylation may begin at different stages of liver disease in a gene-dependent manner. Moreover, HBV infection may enhance or maintain GSTP1 and E-Cad promoter methylation and thereby affect hepatocarcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Pei-Fen
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Te-Chang
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Pei-Ju
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Po-Huang
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yung-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Jeng
authors.forename: Chien-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ja-Der
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Ling-Ling
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: Guan-Tarn
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hsuan-Shu
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000235:genetics; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D019942:Genes, p16; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000235:genetics; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000235:genetics; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF / Q000235:genetics; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; C515491:MGMT protein, human; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes