title: Risk factors for acute suppurative cholangitis caused by bile duct stones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute suppurative cholangitis is fatal unless adequate biliary drainage is obtained in a timely manner. The major cause of acute suppurative cholangitis is bile duct stones, but it is not known which patients with bile duct stones are likely to develop acute suppurative cholangitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between May 1994 and December 2005, 343 consecutive patients with bile duct stones were referred to our department. Of these, 38 patients presented with acute suppurative cholangitis. A nasobiliary catheter or biliary stent was emergently inserted endoscopically to control acute suppurative cholangitis in those patients. Risk factors for the development of acute suppurative cholangitis in the 343 patients were investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A nasobiliary catheter or stent was inserted endoscopically in all 38 patients with acute suppurative cholangitis. Although biliary drainage was considered to be effective in all patients, two patients (5.3%) died of deteriorating comorbid diseases despite subsiding cholangitis. In the univariate analysis, age >or=70 years, neurological disease, and peripapillary diverticulum were identified as risk factors for the development of acute suppurative cholangitis. In the multivariate analysis, these three factors remained significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advanced age, comorbid neurological disease, and peripapillary diverticulum were identified as independent risk factors for the development of acute suppurative cholangitis in patients with bile duct stones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. tsujinot-int@h.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsujino
authors.forename: Reimu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yagioka
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kogure
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Yousuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sasahira
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Isayama
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawabe
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Omata
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D004240:Diverticulum / Q000150:complications; D004378:Duodenal Diseases / Q000150:complications; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D013396:Suction / Q000379:methods; D013492:Suppuration / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome