title: Interleukin-4 antagonizes oncostatin M and transforming growth factor beta-induced responses in articular chondrocytes.
abstract: Oncostatin M (OSM) stimulates cartilage degradation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by inducing matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanases (ADAMTS; a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif). Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta1) induces cartilage repair in joints but in excessive amounts, promotes inflammation. OSM and TGF-beta1 also induce tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3), an important natural inhibitor of MMPs, aggrecanases, and tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme (TACE), the principal proteases involved in arthritic inflammation and cartilage degradation. We studied cartilage protective mechanisms of the antiinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-4 (IL-4). IL-4 strongly (MMP-13 and TIMP-3) or minimally (ADAMTS-4) suppressed OSM-induced gene expression in chondrocytes. IL-4 did not affect OSM-stimulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), protein 38 (p38), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Stat1. Lack of additional suppression with their inhibitors suggested that MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, and TIMP-3 inhibition was independent of these mediators. IL-4 also downregulated TGF-beta1-induced TIMP-3 gene expression, Smad2, and JNK phosphorylation. Additional suppression of TIMP-3 RNA by JNK inhibitor suggests JNK implication. The cartilage protective effects of IL-4 in animal models of arthritis may be due to its inhibition of MMPs and ADAMTS-4 expression. However, suppression of TIMP-3 suggests caution for using IL-4 as a cartilage protective therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Mabrouk
authors.forename: Hamid Yaqoob
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: Wen Qing
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sylvester
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zafarullah
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000071121:ADAMTS4 Protein; D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D053683:Oncostatin M / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011348:Procollagen N-Endopeptidase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051899:Smad2 Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C497782:SMAD2 protein, human; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D051899:Smad2 Protein; C088390:TIMP3 protein, human; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053683:Oncostatin M; D015847:Interleukin-4; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D051722:ADAM Proteins; C507079:MMP13 protein, human; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D011348:Procollagen N-Endopeptidase; D000071121:ADAMTS4 Protein; C000603918:ADAMTS4 protein, human