title: Effective treatment of locally advanced endocrine tumors of the pancreas with chemoradiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of chemoradiation in the management of locally advanced pancreatic endocrine tumors has not been reported in the medical literature. Patients with unresectable tumors are often included in trials of systemic chemotherapy, and use of external beam radiation has been only described in few case reports. Given the sensitivity of pancreatic endocrine tumors to cytotoxic agents including streptozocin, doxorubicin and 5-FU, we have hypothesized that the combination of concurrent and sequential chemotherapy and radiation will yield higher response rates than acheivable with chemotherapy alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients with locally advanced pancreatic endocrine tumors were treated with a protocol consisting of radiation concurrent with infusional 5-FU (or capecitabine) along with induction and consolidation chemotherapy (streptozocin and doxorubicin). We retrospectively determined the objective radiographic response rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The objective response rate was 80%. With a median follow-up of 29 months, all six patients in the study have had continued reduction in tumor size from the time of the first posttreatment scan to the most recent scan. None of the patients have experienced local or metastatic disease progression. Treatment was well tolerated with minimal toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of concurrent and sequential chemoradiotherapy appears to be a highly effective treatment for locally advanced pancreatic endocrine tumors.
authors.affiliation: H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Fla., USA. strosbjr@moffitt.usf.edu
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strosberg
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoffe
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Junsung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kvols
mesh_terms: D007516:Adenoma, Islet Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069287:Capecitabine; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003841:Deoxycytidine; D013311:Streptozocin; D000069287:Capecitabine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D005472:Fluorouracil