title: The optimal use of bexarotene in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
abstract: The management goal in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) is to improve symptoms and induce remission. Early-stage disease is generally treated with skin-directed therapies. However, if these do not control the disease, systemic therapy becomes necessary. Bexarotene, a novel rexinoid, is an oral, noncytotoxic drug that has been approved in Europe for the treatment of refractory advanced-stage CTCL and in the U.S.A. for refractory CTCL. We provide guidance on the use of bexarotene in the management of CTCL, based on data from phase II/III clinical trials and the authors' clinical experience, and suggest how the potential of the drug can be maximized. The clinical trial results with bexarotene are reviewed, especially in comparison with interferon-alpha, which is the other commonly used noncytotoxic systemic therapy for CTCL. A treatment algorithm for bexarotene in refractory CTCL is suggested. As bexarotene may take time to achieve a maximum response, this algorithm recommends that therapy should be continued for a sufficient period to allow for a delayed onset of action. In addition, possible combination therapies with bexarotene are discussed. We conclude that bexarotene is effective in the management of CTCL, and has the advantage of oral administration. An on-going randomized clinical trial comparing psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) with PUVA plus bexarotene will provide valuable information about this combination regimen in early-stage disease, but further data are needed on the relative efficacies of other combination therapies with bexarotene in CTCL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg bakke 23, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark. rg01@bbh.hosp.dk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gniadecki
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Assaf
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bagot
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dummer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duvic
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knobler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ranki
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schwandt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Whittaker
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077610:Bexarotene; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016410:Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D011701:PUVA Therapy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; D000077610:Bexarotene