title: Recognition, treatment, and prevention of propylene glycol toxicity.
abstract: Propylene glycol is a commonly used solvent for oral, intravenous, and topical pharmaceutical preparations. Although it is considered safe, large intravenous doses given over a short period of time can be toxic. Underlying renal insufficiency and hepatic dysfunction raise risk for toxicity. Toxic effects include hyperosmolality, increased anion gap metabolic acidosis (due to lactic acidosis), acute kidney injury, and sepsis-like syndrome. Treatment of toxicity includes hemodialysis to effectively remove propylene glycol. Prevention is best achieved by limiting the dose of propylene glycol infused.
authors.affiliation: Sections of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA. zarjr73@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Tausif
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zar
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Graeber
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Perazella
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D019946:Propylene Glycol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012997:Solvents / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D019946:Propylene Glycol