title: Long-term retention of smoking cessation counseling skills learned in the first year of medical school.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tobacco use is a significant cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States, yet clinicians underutilize smoking cessation counseling. Medical schools are increasingly including training for smoking cessation skills in preclinical curricula. Information about long-term retention of these skills is needed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess retention of smoking cessation counseling skills learned in the first year of medical school.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of data collected for routine student and curriculum assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cohorts of medical students at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine (total N = 112) in 1999-2001 and 2002-2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scores by standardized patients were compared from first and fourth-year assessments, based on checklist items corresponding to the 5 strategies recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange). In study cases, 97% of first-year students "asked" about smoking and retained this skill in fourth year (p = .08). Ninety-four percent of first-year students "assessed" readiness to quit and retained this skill (p = .21). Ninety-six percent of first-year students "advised" smokers to quit and retained this skill (p = .18). Eighty-six percent of first year students "assisted" smokers in quitting and retained this skill (p = 0.10). Eighty-one percent of first year students "arranged" follow-up contact and performance of this strategy improved in the fourth year to 91% (p = .03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking cessation counseling skills demonstrated by first year medical students were, with brief formal reinforcement in the third year, well retained into the fourth year of medical school. It is appropriate to begin this training early in medical education.
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA. Kosowicz@nso1.uchc.edu
authors.forename: Lynn Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Kosowicz
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vargas
mesh_terms: D003376:Counseling / Q000193:education*; D003479:Curriculum; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate; D004521:Educational Measurement; D006801:Humans; D012153:Retention, Psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*