title: Pretreatment 18F-FAZA PET predicts success of hypoxia-directed radiochemotherapy using tirapazamine.
abstract: We evaluated the predictive value of PET using the hypoxia tracer (18)F-fluoroazomycin arabinoside ((18)F-FAZA) for success of radiotherapy in combination with tirapazamine, a specific cytotoxin for hypoxic cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Imaging was performed on EMT6 tumor-bearing nude mice before allocating mice into 4 groups: radiochemotherapy (RCT: 8 fractions of 4.5 Gy within 4 d combined with tirapazamine, 14 mg/kg), radiotherapy alone (RT), chemotherapy alone (tirapazamine) (CHT), or control. Treatment success was assessed by several tumor growth assays, including tumor growth time from 70 to 500 microL and absolute growth delay (aGD). The median pretreatment (18)F-FAZA tumor-to-background ratio served as a discriminator between "hypoxic" and "normoxic" tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean tumor growth was significantly accelerated in hypoxic control tumors (growth time from 70 to 500 microL, 11.0 d) compared with normoxic control tumors (growth time from 70 to 500 microL, 15.6 d). Whereas RT delayed tumor growth regardless of the level of hypoxia, an additive beneficial therapeutic effect of tirapazamine to RT was observed only in hypoxic tumors (aGD, 12.9 d) but not in normoxic tumors (aGD, 6.0 d).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides compelling evidence that hypoxia imaging using (18)F-FAZA PET is able to predict the success of RCT of tumor-bearing mice using the hypoxia-activated chemotherapeutic agent tirapazamine. Pretreatment (18)F-FAZA PET, therefore, offers a way for the individualization of tumor treatment involving radiation. The data suggest that by reserving hypoxia-directed therapy to tumors with high (18)F-FAZA uptake, improvement of the therapeutic ratio is possible, as the therapeutic effect of tirapazamine seems to be restricted to hypoxic tumors.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Roswitha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Röper
authors.forename: Janette Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Carlsen
authors.forename: Marc Cornelis
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Huisman
authors.forename: Julia Aloisia
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lebschi
authors.forename: Nicolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Andratschke
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Picchio
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Souvatzoglou
authors.forename: Hans-Jürgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Machulla
authors.forename: Morand
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009593:Nitroimidazoles; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D000077704:Tirapazamine; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014227:Triazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051598:Whole Body Imaging
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D009593:Nitroimidazoles; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014227:Triazines; C498052:fluoroazomycin arabinoside; D000077704:Tirapazamine