title: Psychological trauma and PTSD symptoms as predictors of substance dependence treatment outcomes.
abstract: Psychological trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may complicate and reduce the effectiveness of treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). This study assessed trauma history and symptoms of simple and complex PTSD at baseline in a randomized trial of contingency management (CM) compared to standard treatment (ST) with 142 cocaine- or heroin-dependent outpatients. History of exposure to each of eight types of psychological trauma was unrelated to treatment outcome, except for witnessed assaults and emotional abuse. Complex PTSD symptoms were inversely associated with short-term treatment outcomes, and PTSD symptoms were positively related to long-term outcome, independent of the effects of demographics, psychological distress, baseline substance use status, and treatment modality. Complex PTSD symptoms warrant further study as a potential negative prognostic factor in SUD interventions.
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut School of Medicine Psychiatry, MC1410 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA. ford@psychiatry.uchc.edu
authors.forename: Julian D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hawke
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alessi
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ledgerwood
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Petry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D011613:Psychotherapy; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome