title: Comparison of human pulp response to total-etch and self-etch bonding agents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the pulp reactions in terms of pulp inflammation, leakage involving bacteria and reactionary dentin formation to total-etch adhesive, Prime & Bond NT and self-etch adhesive, Xeno III in 2 mm deep class V cavities prepared in human teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  2 mm deep class V cavities were prepared on buccal surface of 40 human premolars. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups based on the application of a total-etch adhesive system, Prime and Bond NT after acid etching or a self-etching adhesive system, Xeno III. The teeth were extracted after 7 and 30 days and prepared according to routine histological techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All teeth were asymptomatic. Both the adhesives showed moderate to severe inflammatory reactions in few cases initially at seven days, but the response was generally minimal at 30 days. Leakage involving bacteria was detected in 42.5% of restorations and 40% of the specimens were associated with various grades of pulp inflammation. The cavity remaining dentin thickness influenced the grade of inflammatory activity. A significant correlation was detected between inflammatory cell response and the presence of bacteria. Pulp response to self-etching adhesive, Xeno III was minimally different from that of the total-etch adhesive, Prime & Bond NT (p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A self-etching adhesive system, Xeno III showed similar pulp response and leakage involving bacteria to a total-etch adhesive, Prime & Bond NT. Both adhesives showed an acceptable biological compatibility with human pulps at 30 days.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nayyar
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tewari
authors.forename: Brijbala
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arora
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000209:etiology; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000187:drug effects*; D003804:Dentin / Q000502:physiology; D003809:Dentin, Secondary / Q000378:metabolism; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011671:Pulpitis / Q000139:chemically induced; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C425843:Prime and Bond NT; D019279:Resin Cements; C487957:Xeno III