title: Determination of free and total S-phenylmercapturic acid by HPLC/MS/MS in the biological monitoring of benzene exposure.
abstract: Urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA) is a biomarker suggested by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) for assessing occupational exposure to benzene. A possible cause of the miscorrelation between environmental monitoring and biological monitoring for benzene exposure, which many authors complain about, is the existence of a urinary metabolite that turns into SPMA by acid hydrolysis. Forty urine samples were tested to determine which concentration value would correspond to the ACGIH Biological Exposure Index (BEI) of 25 microg g(-1) creatinine if exposure assessment was based on the determination of SPMA after quantitative hydrolysis of its precursor. An aliquot of each sample was hydrolysed with 9 M H2SO4, a second one was brought to pH 2 and a third one was used as it was (free SPMA). SPMA was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric technique (HPLC/MS/MS) using an internal standard. The analytical method was validated in the range 0.5-50 microg 1(-1). The average SPMA in pH 2 samples is 45-60% of the total, while free SPMA varies from 1% to 66%. The hydrolysis of pre-SPMA reduces the likelihood of variability in the results by reducing pH differences in urine samples and increasing the amount of measured SPMA. The BEI limit value would be about 50 microg g(-1) creatinine.
authors.affiliation: Italian Institute for Occupational Safety and Prevention (ISPESL), Occupational Hygiene Department, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paci
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pigini
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cialdella
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Faranda
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tranfo
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D001554:Benzene / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003404:Creatinine; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D010663:Phenylmercury Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010663:Phenylmercury Compounds; C053003:S-phenyl-N-acetylcysteine; D003404:Creatinine; D001554:Benzene; D000111:Acetylcysteine