title: Risk factors for antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth: a population-based study.
abstract: To examine disparities in risk factors for stillbirths and its occurrence in the antepartum versus intrapartum periods. A population-based, cross-sectional study using data on women that delivered singleton births between 20 and 43 weeks in Missouri (1989-1997) was conducted (n = 626,883). Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were derived from regression models and population attributable fractions were estimated to examine the impact of risk factors on stillbirth. Among African Americans, risks of antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth were 5.6 and 1.1 per 1,000 singleton births, respectively; risks among whites were 3.4 and 0.5 per 1,000 births, respectively. Maternal age > or = 35 years, lack of prenatal care, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) > or = 30 kg/m2, and prior preterm or small-for-gestational age birth were significantly associated with increased risk for antepartum stillbirth among whites, but not African Americans. BMI < or = 18.5 kg/m2 was associated with antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth among African Americans, but not whites. The presence of any congenital anomaly, abruption, and cord complications were associated with antepartum stillbirth in both races. Premature rupture of membranes was associated with intrapartum stillbirth among whites and African Americans, but intrapartum fever was associated with intrapartum stillbirth among African Americans. These risk factors were implicated in 54.9% and 19.7% of antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths, respectively, among African American women, and in a respective 46.6% and 11.9% among white women. Considerable heterogeneity in risk factors between antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths is evident. Knowledge on timing of stillbirth specific risk factors may help clinicians in decreasing antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth risks through monitoring and timely intervention.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1977, USA. getahuda@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Darios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Getahun
authors.forename: Cande V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Ananth
authors.forename: Wendy L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Kinzler
mesh_terms: D000037:Abruptio Placentae / Q000453:epidemiology; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000453:epidemiology; D005334:Fever / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D008423:Maternal Age; D008923:Missouri / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth; D011295:Prenatal Care; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D050497:Stillbirth / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014470:Umbilical Cord; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001741:Black or African American