title: Association of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M (IRAK-M) and inflammatory bowel diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have a complex genetic background. The interleukin receptor associated kinase-M (IRAK-M) is a NF-kappaB-mediated, negative regulator of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. A functional mutation in a negative regulator might induce impaired endotoxin tolerance and increased inflammatory responses. IRAK-M is situated on chromosome 12q14, a susceptibility locus for IBD, which makes it a good candidate gene. The objective of the study was to analyze a large cohort of IBD patients for the association between IBD and IRAK-M.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 542 patients with IBD (309 Crohn's disease (CD), 233 ulcerative colitis (UC)) and 305 controls were studied. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (V147I and V270I) and six microsatellite markers were evaluated using association analysis and the haplotype sharing statistic. Results were stratified for CARD15 mutations R702W, G908R and 1007fsinsC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in IRAK-M allele frequencies were observed between IBD, UC, CD or subgroups of CD or UC and controls. Five out of 36 UC patients (13.9%) with an IBD-associated CARD15 mutation were carriers versus 2/167 (1.2%) in non-carriers (OR 13.1, 95% CI 1.0-164.5). No interaction was observed for CD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No evidence was found to suggest an association between IBD, CD, UC or subsets of CD and UC and IRAK-M. However, an interaction was found between IRAK-M and CARD15 in UC patients. In CARD15 mutant patients, the production of IRAK-M upon stimulation might be impaired. Further studies are needed to determine whether an impaired negative regulation of the TLR-signaling pathway might be partly responsible for the development of IBD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. R.K.Weersma@int.umcg.nl
authors.forename: Rinse K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Weersma
authors.forename: Liekele E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Oostenbrug
authors.forename: Ilja M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Nolte
authors.forename: Gerrit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Der Steege
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oosterom
authors.forename: Hendrik M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Van Dullemen
authors.forename: Jan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kleibeuker
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002881:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000235:genetics*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009426:Netherlands; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases