title: Sumoylation of nucleophosmin/B23 regulates its subcellular localization, mediating cell proliferation and survival.
abstract: Nucleophosmin/B23 is a major multifunctional nucleolar phosphoprotein that plays a critical role in ribosome biogenesis and cell proliferation. Arf tumor suppressor binds B23 and enhances its sumoylation. However, the biological effects of this event remain unknown. Here we show that B23 is sumoylated on both Lysine 230 and 263 residues, but the latter is the major one. Mutation of K263, but not K230, into R abolishes its centrosomal and nucleolar residency. Moreover, Rb binds to wild-type B23, but fails to interact with K263R. Sumoylation enhances B23 binding to Rb. Consequently, B23 potently stimulates E2F1-mediated transcriptional activity, which is abolished in B23 K263R. Further, K263R mutation makes B23 vulnerable to caspase-3 cleavage and sensitizes cells to apoptosis. Surprisingly, K230R mutant strongly binds to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate and suppresses DNA fragmentation. Thus, B23 sumoylation regulates its subcellular localization, cell proliferation, and survival activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhixue
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Sung-Wuk
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinmura
authors.forename: Sumin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Shaozhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukasawa
authors.forename: Keqiang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D006801:Humans; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000090243:Nucleophosmin; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C000716967:NPM1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; C060974:phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate; D000090243:Nucleophosmin