title: Chemomechanical mapping of ligand-receptor binding kinetics on cells.
abstract: The binding kinetics between cell surface receptors and extracellular biomolecules is critical to all intracellular and intercellular activity. Modeling and prediction of receptor-mediated cell functions are facilitated by measurement of the binding properties on whole cells, ideally indicating the subcellular locations or cytoskeletal associations that may affect the function of bound receptors. This dual need is particularly acute vis à vis ligand engineering and clinical applications of antibodies to neutralize pathological processes. Here, we map individual receptors and determine whole-cell binding kinetics by means of functionalized force imaging, enabled by scanning probe microscopy and molecular force spectroscopy of intact cells with biomolecule-conjugated mechanical probes. We quantify the number, distribution, and association/dissociation rate constants of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 with respect to a monoclonal antibody on both living and fixed human microvascular endothelial cells. This general approach to direct receptor imaging simultaneously quantifies both the binding kinetics and the nonuniform distribution of these receptors with respect to the underlying cytoskeleton, providing spatiotemporal visualization of cell surface dynamics that regulate receptor-mediated behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Sunyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mandic
authors.forename: Krystyn J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Van Vliet
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008024:Ligands; D020527:Microscopy, Scanning Probe; D015336:Molecular Probe Techniques; D011485:Protein Binding; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D008024:Ligands; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2