title: Usefulness of real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography for the evaluation of coronary artery morphology in patients with Kawasaki disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) for evaluating coronary artery morphology in patients with Kawasaki disease.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The diagnosis of coronary artery morphology in the acute phase of the disease is of prime importance for evaluating the likelihood of cardiovascular sequelae. Occasionally, visualization of the right coronary artery and bifurcated regions, including the circumflex artery, has proved challenging with traditional echocardiographic methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 111 patients with Kawasaki disease were studied. Coronary aneurysms were detected in 8 patients (4 had giant aneurysms), and coronary dilation was found in 11 patients. Coronary artery visualization was evaluated and scored as 1 of 4 grades, 0 to 3 points, for both 2-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and RT-3DE. Evaluation criteria for each coronary artery were defined according to the American Heart Association classification of coronary angiographic features. Total scores for each patient and for individual coronary branches were compared between 2DE and RT-3DE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total scores for coronary artery visualization were, respectively, showing a significantly higher score for RT-3DE than for 2DE (P < .01). A mural thrombus could be clearly delineated in the giant coronary aneurysms by RT-3DE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RT-3DE is superior to 2DE for coronary artery visualization. This diagnostic system is expected to improve the screening of coronary artery abnormalities in Kawasaki disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyashita
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karasawa
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanamaru
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayusawa
authors.forename: Naokata
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sumitomo
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003199:Computer Systems; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009080:Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity