title: Incidence of recurrent stroke in primary care during preventive treatment based on perindopril with or without indapamide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the risk reduction of recurrent stroke with angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitors with or without a diuretic has been demonstrated under randomized double blind conditions of the PROGRESS study, it is unclear whether the benefit is reflected in primary care practice and in populations with different demographic and clinical characteristics.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect and acceptability of perindopril with or without indapamide prevention of recurrent stroke, as reflected by its incidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentre, prospective, observational study in the setting of primary care throughout India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with a stable stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) received a 12-month perindopril +/- indapamide-based regimen, similar to that used in PROGRESS. The principal outcome was the annual incidence of recurrent stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Summary statistics and the Kaplan-Meier procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of 298 patients was 58.3 years (SD=12.6). 229 (77.5%) had an ischaemic stroke; 231 (77.5%) were hypertensive; 200 (85.5%) were receiving aspirin and 81 (27.2%) statins. During the 12-month perindopril-based treatment, there were 8 (2.7%) recurrent strokes, with a Kaplan-Meier estimate of strokes plus TIA of 3.3% (95% CI, 1.0-5.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of recurrent stroke is similar to that observed under double blind randomized conditions in the treatment arm of the PROGRESS study. This suggests that perindopril +/- indapamide-based prevention may be effective in reducing risk of recurrent stroke, (although the uncontrolled study design does not actually demonstrate this), in the setting of day-to-day clinical practice and among patients with different demographic and clinical characteristics than the PROGRESS population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. drmvpadma@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Padma
authors.forename: Subhash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaul
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007190:Indapamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020913:Perindopril / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007190:Indapamide; D020913:Perindopril