title: Preclinical antitumor activity of the oral platinum analog satraplatin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Satraplatin is an orally available platinum analog. The purpose of this study was to better characterize satraplatin's preclinical antitumor efficacy in a variety of sensitive and resistant human tumor cell lines and in a prostate cancer xenograft model and to evaluate the effect of satraplatin on PSA expression and/or secretion in a prostate cancer cell line.
  
  
  METHODS
  Satraplatin and its primary metabolite JM-118 were preclinically tested for their cytotoxic activity in a range of cancer cells including: human prostate, those forming the NCI drug screening panel, and those resistant to anti-cancer drugs. Also, the antiproliferative efficacy of satraplatin was tested in vivo in a human prostate cancer model. The effect of satraplatin and JM-118 on PSA transcription was measured by quantitative real time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Satraplatin and JM-118 inhibited in vitro and in vivo the growth of prostate cancer cells in a dose-dependent fashion. The IC50 cytotoxicity values for satraplatin ranged from 1 to 3 microM for androgen-insensitive cells and was 11 microM for the androgen-sensitive cell line. Interestingly, JM-118 was up to 16-fold more potent than satraplatin. Oral administration of satraplatin to nude mouse PC-3 xenograft models inhibited the growth of these human tumors. Satraplatin had no direct effect on PSA transcription and the observed decrease in secreted PSA correlated with a decrease in cell number. When evaluated in the NCI drug-screening panel, satraplatin was most active in leukemia and small cell lung cancer cell lines. Both satraplatin and JM-118 were tested on cells resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. Satraplatin and JM-118 were equally active in the cisplatin-resistant A129cp80 ovarian carcinoma cell line, with activity comparable to that observed in the parent line. Neither expression of MDR1, BCRP, MRP1, nor altered tubulin or topoisomerase I were found to mediate resistance to satraplatin or JM-118. Although these resistance mechanisms contribute to drug resistance for a number of chemotherapeutics, they do not appear to play a role in satraplatin resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that satraplatin and JM-118 have preclinical antitumor activity in human prostate cancer and other tumor types as well, including several cell lines displaying drug resistance to cisplatin, docetaxel and mitoxantrone. In addition, the results suggest that PSA should be further evaluated as a relevant marker of clinical response in patients with prostate cancer treated with satraplatin.
authors.affiliation: From GPC Biotech, Fraunhoferstrasse 20, 82152 Martinsried/Munich, Germany. Katja.wosikowski@gpc-biotech.com
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wosikowski
authors.forename: Lou
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lamphere
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Unteregger
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Faith
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Jimmy P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Benno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rattel
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caligiuri
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; C097758:amminedichloro(cyclohexylamine)platinum(II); C081294:satraplatin; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen