title: Microvasculatory reaction of skeletal muscle to Ti-15Mo in comparison to well-established titanium alloys.
abstract: Beta-titanium alloys such as Ti-15Mo are increasingly utilized for orthopaedic implant applications because of their excellent corrosion resistance and low elastic modulus. Particularly in osteosynthesis, where the biomaterial stands in direct contact to soft tissue, undesirable biologic reactions may have severe consequences especially in the vulnerable state of trauma and added iatrogenic damage to the microvascular system. In a comparative study we therefore assessed in vivo nutritive perfusion and leukocytic response of striated muscle to the biomaterials Ti-15Mo, Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb, thereby drawing conclusions on their short term inflammatory potential. Utilizing the well established skinfold chamber preparation in the hamster and intravital fluorescence microscopy, we could not demonstrate any significant discrepancies between the three alloys. All metals induced an initial moderate inflammatory response in skeletal muscle microcirculation. While recuperation of animals treated with Ti-15Mo and Ti-6Al-7Nb was prompt, we documented a slightly more sluggish recovery of Ti-6Al-4V treated animals. A gross toxicity was not observed for any of the alloys. Conclusively, Ti-15Mo, Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb induce an only transient inflammatory answer of the striated muscle microvascular system. Our results indicate that on the microvascular level the tested bulk Ti-alloys do not cause enduring biologic impairment in muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany. peter.pennekamp@uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Pennekamp
authors.forename: Markus A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wimmer
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eschbach
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burian
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Clayton N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Kraft
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D006224:Cricetinae; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020007:Implants, Experimental / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008647:Mesocricetus; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; C525450:titanium molybdenum alloy; C070282:Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D014025:Titanium