title: Prevalence of depression among adults in Oyo State, Nigeria: a comparative study of rural and urban communities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to assess the current prevalence of depression in Oyo State, Nigeria and the rural-urban variation in prevalence.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a two-phase community-based cross-sectional study. The urban areas selected for the study are the Ibadan North-West and Egbeda local government areas. The rural area selected was the Saki-East local government area.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1105 participants were recruited into the study. Multistage sampling technique was used to obtain a representative sample of the participants from the communities in Oyo State. The study was conducted using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire, and the general health questionnaire (GHQ 12) as a screening tool. The second phase of the interview was conducted only for those participants with a score of more than 3 using the GHQ 12. These participants were then clinically examined using the Structured Clinical Interview DSM IV for assessment of clinical depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 721 (65.2%) were from urban communities, while 384 (34.8%) were from the rural community. The overall prevalence of depression was found to be 5.2%. Depression was more prevalent among women than men (5.7% vs 4.8%, chi(2) = 0.36 P = 0.55), and among adolescents (9.6%, P = 0.04). Furthermore, depression was more common in the rural areas than in the urban areas (7.3% vs 4.2%, chi(2) = 4.94 P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression is more common in rural than urban areas in the Nigerian population. Mental health education for adolescents and secondary school students should be encouraged in rural communities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. drfamoran@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Olorunfemi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Amoran
authors.forename: Taiwo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lawoyin
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lasebikan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006266:Health Education; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012572:School Health Services; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*