title: The health benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: a review of the evidence.
abstract: The UK dietary guidelines for cardiovascular disease acknowledge the importance of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) - a component of fish oils - in reducing heart disease risk. At the time, it was recommended that the average n-3 PUFA intake should be increased from 0.1 to 0.2 g day(-1). However, since the publication of these guidelines, a plethora of evidence relating to the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs, in areas other than heart disease, has emerged. The majority of intervention studies, which found associations between various conditions and the intake of fish oils or their derivatives, used n-3 intakes well above the 0.2 g day(-1) recommended by Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy (COMA). Furthermore, in 2004, the Food Standards Agency changed its advice on oil-rich fish creating a discrepancy between the levels of n-3 PUFA implied by the new advice and the 1994 COMA guideline. This review will examine published evidence from observational and intervention studies relating to the health effects of n-3 PUFAs, and discuss whether the current UK recommendation for long-chain n-3 PUFA needs to be revisited.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Communications, Cupar, UK. carrie@nutritioncommunication.com
authors.forename: C  H
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruxton
authors.forename: S  C
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: M  J
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: K  J
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Millington