title: Infection of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with different wild-type measles viruses.
abstract: Both rhesus and cynomolgus macaques have been used as animal models for measles vaccination and immunopathogenesis studies. A number of studies have suggested that experimental measles virus (MV) infection induces more-characteristic clinical features in rhesus than in cynomolgus monkeys. In the present study, both macaque species were infected with two different wild-type MV strains and clinical, virological and immunological parameters were compared. The viruses used were a genotype C2 virus isolated in The Netherlands in 1991 (MV-Bil) and a genotype B3 virus isolated from a severe measles case in Sudan in 1997 (MV-Sudan). Following infection, all rhesus monkeys developed a skin rash and conjunctivitis, which were less obvious in cynomolgus monkeys. Fever was either mild or absent in both species. Virus reisolation profiles from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and broncho-alveolar lavage cells and the kinetics of MV-specific IgM and IgG responses were largely identical in the two animal species. However, in animals infected with MV-Sudan, viraemia appeared earlier and lasted longer than in animals infected with MV-Bil. This was also reflected by the earlier appearance of MV-specific serum IgM antibodies after infection with MV-Sudan. Collectively, these data show that cynomolgus and rhesus macaques are equally susceptible to wild-type MV infection, although infection in the skin seems to follow a different course in rhesus macaques. MV-Sudan proved more pathogenic for non-human primates than MV-Bil, which may render it more suitable for use in future pathogenesis studies.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan.|Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H Sittana
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: El Mubarak
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Selma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yüksel
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Amerongen
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Paul G H
authors.initials: PGH
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Maowia M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mukhtar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Albert D M E
authors.initials: ADME
authors.lastname: Osterhaus
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rik L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: de Swart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008457:Measles / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000276:immunology; D008459:Measles virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D008458:Measles Vaccine