title: [Activation of CXCR4 in human glioma stem cells promotes tumor angiogenesis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To isolate, culture and identify glioma stem cells from human malignant glioma cell line U87, and investigate the changes of pro-angiogenic factors production by glioma stem cells followed by activation of CXCR4 and observe their tumorigenesis as well as the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor when implanted into nude mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ratio of CD133 positive cells was detected by flow cytometry. Magnetic separation of CD133 positive cells was carried out on the magnetic cell sorting system (MACS). Expression of nestin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and CXCR4 on tumorspheres was detected by indirect immunofluorescence under confocal laser scanning microscopy. The functional activation of CXCR4 was assessed by calcium mobilization experiments. ELISA was used to detect the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in conditioned medium. Glioma stem cells were implanted into nude mice to assess their tumorigenesis ability and the expression of VEGF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratio of CD133 positive cells with stem cell property was 0.5% in U87 cells. Activation of CXCR4 on glioma stem cells induced calcium mobilization and increased VEGF and IL-8 protein secretion. CD133 positive cells secreted more VEGF and IL-8 than their negative counterparts in vitro. Tumors derived from CD133 positive cells grew more rapidly and expressed elevated level of VEGF than their negative counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are a small fraction of glioma stem cells in human glioblastoma cell line U87. Expressing functional CXCR4 and secreting more pro-angiogenic factors may be involved in tumor angiogenesis mediated by glioma stem cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Yi-fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Ping
authors.forename: Xiao-hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Xiu-wu
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.forename: Jian-hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Zhi-hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000637:transplantation; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D064231:Nestin; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D006023:Glycoproteins; D016209:Interleukin-8; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; C577484:NES protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C577485:Nes protein, mouse; D064231:Nestin; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; C000606024:Prom1 protein, mouse; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A