Atmospheric wet deposition of PAHs to the sea-surface microlayer.
Sea-surface microlayer (SML) and subsurface seawater samples (SSW) collected from Singapore's coastal environment were analyzed for 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the dissolved (DP) and suspended particulate phase (SPM). Samples were collected prior to and after rainfall events to ascertain the contribution of wet atmospheric deposition of PAH enrichment to the SML. The concentration ranges of summation operatorPAHs in the SML before rain and after wet deposition were 2.6-46.2 ngL(-1) and 4.3-278.0 ngL(-1), respectively, for the DP and 3.8-31.4 ngL(-1) and 12.8-1280 ngL(-1), respectively, for the SPM. Load factors (i.e. concentration after wet deposition relative to before wet deposition) of the atmospheric wet deposition for DP and SPM ranged from 1.4 to 42.9 and 1.2 to 337, respectively. This study provides the first data on PAH concentration, enrichment (i.e. concentration of PAHs in SML relative to subsurface water) and load factors in the SML before and after wet deposition to the ocean surface.
Lim
Ler
L
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore.
Wurl
Oliver
O
Karuppiah
Subramanian
S
Obbard
Jeffrey Philip
JP
D001272:Atmosphere; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D011891:Rain / Q000737:chemistry; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D012846:Singapore; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical