title: Optic nerve alterations in P27(Kip1) knockout mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the morphologic characteristics of the optic nerve (ON) by using an experimental model of knockout mice for the expression of the P27(Kip1) gene, mainly involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis control, and retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eyeballs with the retrobulbar ON attached were obtained from 26-week-old mice. By using morphologic and morphometric techniques, light and electron transmission microscopy, the ON characteristics were determined in two groups of mice: 1) wild type mice as the control group (n=15), 2) homozygous knockout mice (-/-) for the P27(Kip1) gene as the knockout group (n=15). Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and myelin basic protein (MBP) were studied using Western blot and immunoblotting approaches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ON cross-sectional area was significantly larger in the P27(Kip1) knockout mice group than in the control group (p<0.001). The axon sizes in knockout animals were much larger than in wild-type mice (p<0.001). Higher number of axons forming the ON, intra-axonal degeneration, myelin sheath, and axoplasm density alterations were found in P27(Kip1) knockout mice when compared with control group (p<0.001). Analysis of lysates of optic nerves by Western blot showed less expression of myelin basic protein and GFAP in P27(Kip1) knockout mice as compared to wild type mice (p<0.005, p<0.01, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The morphologic and morphometric results suggest that homozygous P27(Kip1) knock-out mice had hypertrophic, hyperplastic, and dystrophic ON.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain. elopez@comv.es
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lopez-Sanchez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frances-Muñoz
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chaques
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Benavent
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Menezo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015153:Blotting, Western; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C493961:Cdkn1b protein, mouse; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; C499047:Mbp protein, mouse; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27