title: Multiple-frequency EPR spectra of two aqueous Gd3+ polyamino polypyridine carboxylate complexes: a study of high field effects.
abstract: In the search for highly efficient magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, polyamino polypyridine carboxylate complexes of Gd3+ have shown unusual properties with both very rapid and very slow electron spin relaxation in solution observed by electron paramagnetic resonance. Since the relationship between the molecular structure and the electron spin properties remains quite obscure at this point, detailed studies of such complexes may offer useful clues for the design of Gd3+ compounds with tailored electronic features. Furthermore, the availability of very high-frequency EPR spectrometers based on quasi-optical components provides us with an opportunity to test the existing relaxation theories at increasingly high magnetic fields and observation frequencies. We present a detailed EPR study of two gadolinium polyamino polypyridine carboxylate complexes, [Gd(tpaen)]- and [Gd(bpatcn)(H2O)], in liquid aqueous solutions at multiple temperatures and frequencies between 9.5 and 325 GHz. We analyze the results using the model of random zero-field splitting modulations through Brownian rotation and molecular deformations. We consider the effect of concentration on the line width, as well as the possible existence of an additional g-tensor modulation relaxation mechanism and its possible impact on future experiments. We use (17)O NMR to characterize the water exchange rate on [Gd(bpatcn)(H2O)] and find it to be slow (approximately 0.6 x 10(6) s-1).
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique et Bioinorganique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. alain.borel@epfl.ch
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borel
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laus
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozarowski
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gateau
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nonat
authors.forename: Marinella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazzanti
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Helm
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002412:Cations; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D011073:Polyamines / Q000737:chemistry*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000737:chemistry*; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D002412:Cations; D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011073:Polyamines; D011725:Pyridines; D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water; D005682:Gadolinium; C023666:pyridine