title: Amyloid beta-protein potentiates tunicamycin-induced neuronal death in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures.
abstract: We have assessed amyloid beta protein (Abeta)-induced neurotoxicity, with and without added tunicamycin (TM), an inhibitor of N-glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHCs). In the rat OHCs cultured for 3 weeks, there was little neurotoxicity after treatment with Abeta(25-35) (25 microM) alone for 48 h. However, with TM alone, concentration-dependent neuronal death was observed at concentrations between 20 and 80 microg/mL. When amyloid-beta protein was combined with tunicamycin (Abeta+TM), cell death was more acute than with TM alone. Western blot analysis revealed that calpain activity and the active forms of caspase-12 and caspase-3 was increased after exposure to Abeta+TM as compared with exposure to TM alone. In contrast, the levels of glucose regulated protein (GRP)94, GRP78 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were not changed in the presence of Abeta. Abeta potentiation of TM neurotoxicity was reversibly blocked by S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC), an organosulfur compound purified from aged garlic extract, and the L-type calcium channel blocker, nifedipine, in a restricted neuronal area of the OHCs. Simultaneously applied SAC also reversed the increases in calpain activity and the active forms of caspase-12 and caspase-3 by Abeta+TM with no change in the increased levels of GRP94, GRP78 and CHOP. These data indicate that Abeta facilitates the calpain-caspase-12-caspase-3 pathway, thus potentiating TM-induced neuronal death in the hippocampus.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kosuge
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishige
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002452:Cell Count; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology*; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014415:Tunicamycin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C074636:amyloid beta-protein (25-35); D014415:Tunicamycin