title: Psychological distress in morbid obesity in relation to weight history.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Very few data are available on psychological distress in morbidly obese subjects in relation to the history of their weight. In subjects with childhood obesity, psychological distress might be better than in adult-onset obesity, because of progressive adaptation to the social stigma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychological distress was tested in relation to BMI at age 20 years (BMI-20), weight history and somatic co-morbidities in 632 treatment-seeking, morbidly obese participants from the QUOVADIS cohort (130 men, 502 women; mean age 45.5 years). The number of dieting attempts/year, BMI increase and cumulative BMI loss since age 20 were calculated as weight cycling parameters. The Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90), the Psychological General Well-Being (PGWB), the Binge-Eating Scale, and the ORWELL-97 questionnaire were used to score psychometry and health-related quality of life (HRQL). Complications were quantitatively assessed by a modified Charlson's score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BMI-20 was normal in 35% of cases and >35 kg/m2 in only 14%. Psychometric scores were not different in relation to BMI-20, when corrected for age, with the exception of the General Health scale of PGWB, showing a greater distress in subjects with normal BMI-20. In most cases, the prevalence of pathological results of questionnaires showed a J-shaped curve, with participants with normal BMI-20 or those with Class II-III obesity in early adulthood having the highest prevalence of psychological/psychiatric distress and poor HRQL. Weight cycling was a risk factor for binge-eating, depression and interpersonal sensitivity in SCL-90, whereas somatic co-morbidities adversely affected most SCL-90 and all PGWB scales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Weight cycling and somatic co-morbidities, but not age of onset of obesity, are the main factors negatively influencing psychological health in treatment-seeking, morbidly obese subjects.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piancavallo (Verbania), Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Letizia
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Petroni
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Villanova
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Avagnina
authors.forename: Maria Antonia
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fusco
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fatati
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Compare
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marchesini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015430:Weight Gain; D015431:Weight Loss