title: [Prevalence of COPD in Iceland--the BOLD study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Iceland and possible risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  This Icelandic survey is a part of an international study (www.BOLDCOPD.org). The target population consisted of a simple random sample taken among all non-institutionalized Icelanders 40 years and older living in Reykjavik and adjacent suburbs (n=938). Participants were subjected to a structured interview based on questionnaires on respiratory diseases, symptoms, life style and possible risk factors. They also underwent a spirometry that was repeated after inhalation of a bronchodilating agent. COPD stage I, or higher, was defined according to the GOLD staging (www.goldcopd.org) based on chronic airflow limitation (FEV1/FVC 70%) persisting after inhaled bronchodilator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Full participation was by 755 (80.5%). Altogether 18.0 % of the participants fulfilled criteria for COPD, GOLD stage I or higher and 9.0 % for GOLD stage II or higher. There were proportionally more young females (40-49 years) than males diagnosed with COPD GOLD stage I or higher (8.1% compared to 4.8%), even though there was no difference in total prevalence between males and females. The prevalence of COPD increased with increasing age and the amount of tobacco smoked. Only a part of those fulfilling criteria for COPD had been diagnosed by doctors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show a high prevalence of COPD among Icelanders 40 years and older when internationally accepted criteria and methods are used. These results are useful for heath authorities when planning and giving priority in our future health care system.
authors.affiliation: Laeknadeild, Háskóla Islands.
authors.forename: Bryndís
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Benediktsdóttir
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gudmundsson
authors.forename: Kristín Bára
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Jörundsdóttir
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vollmer
authors.forename: Thórarinn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gíslason
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007055:Iceland / Q000453:epidemiology; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013147:Spirometry