title: Does cost-effectiveness play a role in clinical trials?
abstract: Cost is a measure of resources consumed. By assessing costs, pharmacoeconomic studies complement studies of efficacy and safety, helping to determine the relationships of treatment and outcome. Costs are divided into three categories, including direct cost (resources attributable to the intervention), indirect cost (resulting from reduced productivity), and intangible cost (incurred from pain and emotional suffering). Insurance companies, patients, doctors, and the society all have different perspectives with respect to costs. The present authors review different types of cost analyses and their use in studies of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and basal cell carcinoma treatment. Cost studies influence clinicians, policy makers, and third-party payers' decisions regarding the implementation of particular therapies or programs. Collection of cost data needs to be incorporated into clinical trials to facilitate these decisions.
authors.affiliation: Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 2715-1071, USA.
authors.forename: Tace
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.forename: Manjiri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pawaskar
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balkrishnan
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fleischer
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis / Q000379:methods; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy; D017850:Economics, Pharmaceutical; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy