title: Cost-utility of levonorgestrel intrauterine system compared with hysterectomy and second generation endometrial ablative techniques in managing patients with menorrhagia in the UK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the cost-utility of levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS; Mirena) compared to second generation endometrial ablative techniques [i.e. microwave endometrial ablation (MEA) and thermal balloon endometrial ablation (TBEA)) and hysterectomy in the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and utility data from a 5-year randomised controlled trial comparing LNG-IUS with hysterectomy were combined with further data from published studies to construct a state-transition (Markov) model. The model depicted the movement of patients between health states over 5 years following treatment for menorrhagia. The model was used to estimate the cost-utility of LNG-IUS followed by ablation (L-A); LNG-IUS followed by hysterectomy (L-H); immediate ablation (MEA or TBEA) and immediate hysterectomy in the UK at 2004/2005 prices, from the perspective of the UK's National Health Service (NHS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expected 5-yearly cost of treating menorrhagia with L-A, L-H, TBEA, MEA and hysterectomy was estimated to be 828 pounds sterling, 1355 pounds sterling, 1679 pounds sterling, 1812 pounds sterling and 2983 pounds sterling per patient respectively and the expected level of health gain to be 4.14, 4.12, 4.13, 4.13 and 4.01 QALYs per patient respectively. LNG-IUS followed by ablation dominated all the alternative treatments. Hysterectomy was dominated by the alternative treatments. Sensitivity analysis found the model to be sensitive to the quality of life data used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the model's limitations, LNGIUS followed by ablation appears to offer the NHS a cost-effective treatment for menorrhagia, when compared to immediate surgery, affording the NHS a less expensive treatment modality without detrimental effects on resulting health gain.
authors.affiliation: Catalyst Health Economics Consultants, Northwood, Middlesex, UK.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Clegg
authors.forename: Julian F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Guest
authors.forename: Ritva
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hurskainen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000191:economics; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016527:Drug Costs; D004717:Endometrium / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000191:economics; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008595:Menorrhagia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D016912:Levonorgestrel