Expression of allograft inflammatory factor-1 in inflammatory skin disorders.
Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) is an evolutionarily conserved, inflammatory protein produced by activated macrophages during chronic transplant rejection and in inflammatory brain lesions. Since T-cell-mediated inflammation is common to various dermatoses and nothing is known about AIF-1 in skin, we studied its protein expression at the tissue level and regulation in monocytic cell lines by various agents. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that AIF-1 is expressed at low levels in normal skin, but is highly upregulated in various inflammatory skin disorders, such as psoriasis, lichen planus, graft-versus-host disease and mycosis fungoides. The main cell types expressing AIF-1 in affected skin are macrophages and Langerhans' cells. We also show by real-time PCR that AIF-1 mRNA levels in monocytic THP-1 and U937 cell lines are significantly upregulated by retinoic acid as well as a number of cytokines. We conclude that AIF-1 may mediate survival and pro-inflammatory properties of macrophages in skin diseases.
Orsmark
Christina
C
Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. christina.orsmark@biosci.ki.se
Skoog
Tiina
T
Jeskanen
Leila
L
Kere
Juha
J
Saarialho-Kere
Ulpu
U
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006087:Graft vs Host Reaction; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007641:Keratolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation
C112986:AIF1 protein, human; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007641:Keratolytic Agents; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014212:Tretinoin; D003907:Dexamethasone