title: Protein intake during the period of complementary feeding and early childhood and the association with body mass index and percentage body fat at 7 y of age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A high protein intake during infancy and early childhood has been proposed to increase the risk of subsequent obesity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed the association of different protein intakes during 6-24 mo with body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) and percentage body fat (%BF) at 7 y of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analyses included 203 participants of the DOrtmund Nutritional and Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) Study with complete information on early diet (6, 12, and 18-24 mo) and anthropometric data at the age of 7 y. The median of energy-adjusted protein intakes (in g/d) was used to distinguish different patterns of low and high protein intakes throughout the first 2 y of life, which were then related to BMI SD scores (SDSs), %BF, and the risk of overweight and overfatness at 7 y of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although protein intake at 6 mo of age was not associated with the outcomes, a consistently high protein intake at the ages of 12 and 18-24 mo was independently related to a higher mean BMI SDS and %BF at the age of 7 y [BMI SDS: 0.37 (95% CI: 0.12, 0.61) compared with 0.08 (95% CI: -0.09, 0.26), P = 0.04; %BF: 18.37 (95% CI: 17.29, 19.51%) compared with 16.91 (95% CI: 16.19, 17.66%), P = 0.01] and a higher risk of having a BMI or %BF above the 75th percentile at that age [odds ratio for BMI: 2.39 (95% CI: 1.14, 4.99), P = 0.02); odds ratio for %BF: 2.28 (95% CI: 1.06, 4.88), P = 0.03].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High protein intakes during the period of complementary feeding and the transition to the family diet are associated with an unfavorable body composition at the age of 7 y.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Affiliated Institute of the University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany. guenther@fke-do.de
authors.forename: Anke L B
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Günther
authors.forename: Anette E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Buyken
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kroke
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins