title: Cellular response to infrared radiation involves retrograde mitochondrial signaling.
abstract: Infrared A radiation (IRA) is a major component of sunlight. Similar to ultraviolet (UV) B and UVA, IRA induces gene transcription. In contrast to the UV response very little is known about the IRA response. In the present study, IRA-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) was found to be mediated by the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Staining of IRA-irradiated cells with MitoSox revealed an increase in mitochondrial superoxide anion production and treatment of fibroblasts with the mitochondrial targeted antioxidant MitoQ completely abrogated the IRA, but not the UVB or UVA1, response. ROS relevant for IRA-induced signaling originated from the mt electron transport chain, because (i) chemical inhibition of the electron transport chain prevented IRA, but not UVB or UVA1, radiation-induced MMP-1 expression, (ii) rho0 fibroblasts specifically failed to increase MMP-1 expression in response to IRA, and (iii) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) overexpressing fibroblasts with increased electron transport chain content were hypersensitive to IRA radiation-induced gene expression. Thus, IRA, in contrast to UV, elicits a retrograde signaling response in human skin.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung at the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf gGmbH, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calles
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krutmann
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004579:Electron Transport; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014157:Transcription Factors; C111264:peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1; D013481:Superoxides; D014451:Ubiquinone; C429014:mitoquinone; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1