title: Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: clinical profile and follow up of 26 children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical details and follow up of children with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric chest clinic of a tertiary care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children diagnosed as suffering from idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Charts of patients diagnosed as IPH were reviewed for clinical features and treatment regimen. Diagnosis was based on presence of iron deficiency anemia, chest radiography and demonstration of hemosiderin laden macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), gastric aspirate, or sputum. Treatment consisted of oral prednisolone, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The common clinical features in 26 children with IPH (mean age 75 months) included: cough, breathlessness, fever, hemoptysis and wheezing in 26 (100%), 22 (85%), 19 (73%),15 (58%) and 14 (54%) children, respectively. Clubbing, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly was seen in 16 (62%), 15 (58%) and 10 (38%) children, respectively. Hemosiderin laden macrophages were documented in BAL and gastric aspirate in 92% and 30% patients, respectively. Symptoms did not recur in 17 patients who received prednisolone and HCQ initially. 5 patients had recurrence of symptoms and required short courses of oral prednisolone, 4 patients required frequent courses of prednisolone and were started on azathioprine. Older age, longer duration of illness, history of hemoptysis and jaundice were associated with poor response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with prednisolone and hydroxychloroquine followed by inhaled corticosteroids may improve survival in children with IPH.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Pulmonology Division, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India. skkabra@hotmail.com
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kabra
authors.forename: Sumit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhargava
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lodha
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Satyavani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walia
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006486:Hemosiderosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages; D008297:Male; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine; D011239:Prednisolone