title: Arterial-wave reflections are increased in heart failure patients with a left-ventricular assist device.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic heart failure (HF) is associated with increased central arterial pulse-wave reflections, which may contribute to increased myocardial oxygen demand. Although the treatment of HF via left-ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement has recently become widespread, the effects of LVAD therapy on central arterial pulse-wave reflections are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Central aortic pulse-wave analysis was performed on patients with end-stage HF awaiting cardiac transplantation and on healthy age-matched controls using the SphygmoCor (Akor Medical, Sydney, Australia) system. Arterial pulse-wave data were compared between patients receiving LVAD support versus those receiving intravenous inotropic drugs and healthy control patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients on LVAD support were compared with 10 patients on inotropic drugs and 10 healthy control patients. Aortic augmented pressure and the aortic augmentation index (AI(a)) were higher in LVAD patients compared with inotrope and control patients, despite similar brachial and aortic blood pressures between groups. The AI(a) was significantly higher in LVAD patients than in patients on inotropic drugs (28.2% +/- 10% v 7.9% +/- 9%, P < or = .01). Additionally, there was a significantly higher aortic systolic tension time index, an index of left-ventricular myocardial oxygen demand, in the LVAD group compared with the inotrope group (2655 +/- 298 mm Hg/sec/min v 1748 +/- 303 mm Hg/sec/min, P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Central arterial pressure-wave reflection is increased in end-stage HF patients on LVAD support compared with those on inotropic drugs, leading to an increase in aortic augmented pressure, AI(a), and systolic tension time index. The AI(a) is also higher in LVAD patients than in healthy controls. This increased central arterial-wave reflection places an additional hemodynamic load on the LVAD device and may have relevance to the medical management of patients after LVAD placement and to the longevity of the LVAD device itself.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA. schofrs@medicine.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Schofield
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: Wilmer W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: Charles T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Klodell
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Aranda
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Pauly
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Randy W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Braith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001011:Aorta / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000502:physiology*; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020105:Milrinone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004280:Dobutamine; D020105:Milrinone