title: Genomic polymorphism at the interferon-induced helicase (IFIH1) locus contributes to Graves' disease susceptibility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A recent large-scale analysis of nonsynonymous coding polymorphisms showed strong evidence that an alanine to threonine amino acid change at codon 946 of the interferon-induced helicase (IFIH1) gene (SNP ID rs1990760) was associated with type 1 diabetes. Previous investigations have also demonstrated that an intronic polymorphism (termed PD1.3; SNP ID rs11568821) in the programmed cell death (PDCD1) gene was associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to replicate these genetic associations in Graves' disease and autoimmune Addison's disease patient cohorts.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 602 Graves' disease subjects, 214 Addison's disease subjects, and 446 healthy controls were genotyped for the IFIH1 and PDCD1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms using mass spectrometer analysis of primer extension products (Sequenom).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The alanine-carrying allele at the IFIH1 codon 946 polymorphism was present in 796 of 1204 (66%) Graves' disease patient alleles compared with 508 of 892 (57%) control subject alleles [odds ratio 1.47 (5-95% confidence interval, 1.23-1.76); P = 1.9 x 10(-5)]. In contrast, there was no association of alleles at this marker in autoimmune Addison's disease. Neither was there evidence for association in either patient cohort at the PD1.3 polymorphism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We confirm a significant contribution of the Ala946Thr IFIH1 polymorphism to organ-specific autoimmune diseases, extending the range of conditions associated with this variant to include Graves' disease. This polymorphism may also contribute to several other autoimmune disorders.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.forename: Jocelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Catherine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vaikkakara
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Cheetham
authors.forename: R Andrew
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perros
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Donaldson
authors.forename: Heather J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cordell
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quinton
authors.forename: Simon H S
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Pearce
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D015331:Cohort Studies; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D000072640:Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: C452815:IFIH1 protein, human; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D000072640:Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1