title: Endocannabinoids acting at CB1 receptors mediate the cardiac contractile dysfunction in vivo in cirrhotic rats.
abstract: Advanced liver cirrhosis is associated with hyperdynamic circulation consisting of systemic hypotension, decreased peripheral resistance, and cardiac dysfunction, termed cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Previous studies have revealed the role of endocannabinoids and vascular CB(1) receptors in the development of generalized hypotension and mesenteric vasodilation in animal models of liver cirrhosis, and CB(1) receptors have also been implicated in the decreased beta-adrenergic responsiveness of isolated heart tissue from cirrhotic rats. Here we document the cardiac contractile dysfunction in vivo in liver cirrhosis and explore the role of the endocannabinoid system in its development. Rats with CCl(4)-induced cirrhosis developed decreased cardiac contractility, as documented through the use of the Millar pressure-volume microcatheter system, low blood pressure, and tachycardia. Bolus intravenous injection of the CB(1) antagonist AM251 (3 mg/kg) acutely increased mean blood pressure, as well as both load-dependent and -independent indexes of systolic function, whereas no such changes were elicited by AM251 in control rats. Furthermore, tissue levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide increased 2.7-fold in the heart of cirrhotic compared with control rats, without any change in 2-arachidonoylglycerol levels, whereas, in the cirrhotic liver, both 2-arachidonoylglycerol (6-fold) and anandamide (3.5-fold) were markedly increased. CB(1)-receptor expression in the heart was unaffected by cirrhosis, as verified by Western blotting. Activation of cardiac CB(1) receptors by endogenous anandamide contributes to the reduced cardiac contractility in liver cirrhosis, and CB(1)-receptor antagonists may be used to improve contractile function in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and, possibly, in other forms of heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Section on Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Physiological Studies, NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, MSC 9413, Rm. 2N17, 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20892-9413, USA. sbatkai@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Sándor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bátkai
authors.forename: Partha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harvey-White
authors.forename: Raouf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kechrid
authors.forename: Pál
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pacher
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kunos
mesh_terms: D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000502:physiology*; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases
chemical_list: D000581:Amidohydrolases; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D010880:Piperidines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases; C103505:AM 251