title: Physical and chemical modification of distillery sludge for Pb(II) biosorption.
abstract: The waste distillery sludge from sugar-cane industry was pretreated physically (boiled, heated and autoclaved) as well as chemically (HCl, H(2)SO(4), H(3)PO(4), NaOH, Ca(OH)(2), Al(OH)(3), C(6)H(6), HCHO, CH(3)OH and C1(2)H(25)OSO(3)Na (sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)) for assessing the comparative sorption capacity of untreated and modified distillery sludge for Pb(II) biosorption from aqueous solutions. Experiments were conducted in shake flasks on a batch basis to access the effect of different experimental parameters such as pH, biosorbent dosage, biosorbent size, initial Pb(II) concentration and contact time. The uptake capacity 'q' (mg/g) of untreated and pretreated distillery sludge was in following order: NaOH (51.29+/-1.21)>HCl (49.82+/-1.22)>HCHO (49.56+/-1.14)>H(2)SO(4) (47.71+/-1.20)>HgCl(2) (45.32+/-1.06)>Ca(OH)(2) (44.01+/-1.18)>MeOH (43.73+/-1.23)>C(6)H(6) (42.72+/-1.19)>H(3)PO(4) (42.01+/-1.17)>SDS (40.87+/-1.27)>autoclaved (40.23+/-1.24)>Boiled (39.95+/-1.19)>heated (38.87+/-1.32)>Al (OH)(3) (38.30+/-1.14)>untreated (37.76+/-1.21). In further parameter studies, the optimized biosorbent size was 0.250 mm at pH 5 and best dose was 0.05 g of biosorbent. The applicability of the Langmuir and Freundlich models for sorption process was tested and best fitted model was Langmuir with the coefficient of determination (R(2)) value, 0.97, the process followed second order kinetic mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Raziya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nadeem
authors.forename: Muhammad Asif
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hanif
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shaheen
authors.forename: Shahnaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perveen
authors.forename: Muhammad Nadeem
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Zafar
authors.forename: Tahira
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iqbal
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007700:Kinetics; D007854:Lead / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007854:Lead