title: Cytoplasmic localization of BAG-1 in leukoplakia and carcinoma of the tongue: correlation with p53 and c-erbB2 in carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study evaluated the clinical significance of BAG-1, an antiapoptotic protein, in leukoplakia and carcinoma of the tongue.
  
  
  METHODS
  BAG-1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded tissues of leukoplakia (n=25) and carcinoma of the tongue (n=61).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytoplasmic expression was predominantly seen in 80% and 70% of patients with leukoplakia and carcinoma, respectively. BAG-1 expression was found to be significantly lower in tobacco users than in non-tobacco users. BAG-1 expression in tobacco-using leukoplakia and carcinoma patients was compared by grouping the carcinoma patients according to lymph node status and disease stage. Carcinoma patients with tumor-positive lymph nodes had significantly lower BAG-1 expression than patients with negative lymph nodes and leukoplakia. Further, a trend towards an inverse correlation was observed with p53 and c-erbB2. In univariate and multivariate survival analysis, patient subgroups with 2+ or 3+ marker positivity (BAG-1 negativity, p53 and c-erbB2 positivity) had a reduced overall survival compared with patient subgroups with 1+ marker positivity or negativity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BAG-1 negativity in association with p53 and c-erbB2 positivity identified a subgroup of tongue cancer patients with an aggressive phenotype. Hence, an antiapoptotic protein, BAG-1, was found to be down-regulated in chewing-tobacco-mediated tongue carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Immunohistochemistry Division, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. gcriad1@sancharnet.in
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Vora
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Brahmbhatt
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000473:pathology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007972:Leukoplakia, Oral / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C091732:BCL2-associated athanogene 1 protein