title: Effect of maternal betamethasone administration on prenatal congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation growth and fetal survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of prenatal steroid treatment on the growth of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations (CCAM) and survival in affected fetuses not amenable to other percutaneous ultrasound-guided prenatal interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of patients with a CCAM or hybrid lesion treated with two maternal prenatal betamethasone injections was performed. Patients receiving cyst aspiration or thoracoamniotic shunting at the time of or after steroid administration were excluded. Growth rates and survival data were compared to historical non-steroid treated controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven patients were treated with prenatal steroids (10 microcystic and 1 macrocystic). Survival was 100% in fetuses with hydrops (5/5) or a CCAM volume ratio (CVR) >1.6 (7/7) at the time of steroid administration. This compares to a mortality of 100 and 56.2% respectively in historical non-treated controls. Resolution of hydrops was seen in 80% (4/5) of steroid-treated patients. CCAM growth rates were variable after steroid administration. However, when compared to historical data where CVR and CCAM volume have been documented to increase until 28 weeks' gestation, the CVR and CCAM volume growth rates decreased in 72.73% and 50% of patients respectively from the time of steroid administration to 28 weeks' gestation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the fetus with a CCAM, the presence of hydrops fetalis or a CVR >1.6 is indicative of poor fetal outcome without prenatal intervention. The observed effect of antenatal steroid treatment on CCAM growth is variable, but its potential to improve survival in these high-risk groups is encouraging and warrants further controlled evaluations.
authors.affiliation: Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Peranteau
authors.forename: R Douglas
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Kenneth W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Liechty
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Bebbington
authors.forename: Holly L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Hedrick
authors.forename: Alan W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Flake
authors.forename: N Scott
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Adzick
mesh_terms: D001623:Betamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015615:Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D046128:Fetal Therapies / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015160:Hydrops Fetalis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D001623:Betamethasone