title: Childhood intracranial ependymoma: twenty-year experience from a single institution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because few large studies of pediatric ependymoma treatment are available, the authors believed that a retrospective review of treatment outcomes from a single institution would yield potentially valuable information regarding potential prognostic factors. In this article, they report their 20-year institutional experience with this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records were reviews of patients with intracranial ependymoma who received their initial treatment at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP)/Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (HUP) between January 1980 and December 2000. Of the 61 patients who were identified, 49 patients underwent primary therapy at CHOP/HUP and formed the basis for the study. Actuarial overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the log-rank test and Cox proportional-hazards models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With median follow-up of 110.2 months, the 5-year OS and PFS rates were 66.2% and 40.7%, respectively. Older age and higher radiation dose significantly predicted for improved OS. Anaplastic histology predicted for decreased PFS. Cervical spinal cord extension resulted in decreased OS primarily caused by failures outside the primary site. Patients who had a favorable prognosis (aged >/=3 years, no dissemination or cord extension, complete resection, and radiation dose >/=54 grays [Gy]) had 5-year OS and PFS rates of 83.1% and 60.6%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study of patients with pediatric intracranial ependymoma, OS and PFS rates were concordant with the rates published in other modern series. The finding of a dose response up to 54 Gy supported the current trend toward dose escalation. Tumor extension to the cervical spine was identified as a predictor for failure outside of the primary site. Although the survival rates were encouraging, there is still significant room for improvement in the management of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 30322, USA. hui-kuo@radonc.emory.org
authors.forename: Hui-Kuo G
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Walter F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Sall
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maity
authors.forename: Zelig A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Tochner
authors.forename: Anna J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Janss
authors.forename: Jean B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Belasco
authors.forename: Lucy B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Rorke-Adams
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Leslie N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004806:Ependymoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome