title: Cross-sectional study of female students reporting anabolic steroid use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the characteristics of female US high school students reporting anabolic steroid use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional assessment using the 2003 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention national school-based Youth Risk Behavior Survey database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationally representative sample of US high schools.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female students in grades 9 through 12 (n = 7544).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants' self-reported anabolic steroid use was compared with other health-related behaviors and with sports participation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prior or ongoing anabolic steroid use was reported by 5.3% of female high school students. Those adolescent girls had a marked increase in other health-compromising behaviors, including past 30-day use of alcohol (odds ratio [OR], 8.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.49-14.20]), cigarettes (OR, 5.14; 95% CI, 3.14-8.42), marijuana (OR, 7.91; 95% CI, 5.20-12.04), cocaine (OR, 10.78; 95% CI, 6.18-18.81), and diet pills (OR, 4.86; 95% CI, 2.98-7.93). They were more likely to carry a weapon (OR, 7.54; 95% CI, 4.83-11.76), have had sexual intercourse before age 13 years (OR, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.58-5.33), and have had feelings of sadness or hopelessness almost every day for at least 2 consecutive weeks (OR, 4.13; 95% CI, 2.57-7.22). They were less likely to play school-sponsored team sports (OR, 0.52; 95% CI 0.34-0.80). Steroid users participating in sports shared the same problem behaviors as steroid users not participating in team athletics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-reported anabolic steroid use is not confined to adolescent girls in competitive athletics and is an indicator of adolescent girls with a marked increase in a cluster of other health-harming behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Promotion and Sports Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Sciences University, CR110, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA. elliotd@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Diane L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Elliot
authors.forename: JeeWon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.forename: Esther L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Moe
authors.forename: Linn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D045930:Anabolic Agents; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004326:Drinking; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012907:Smoking; D013177:Sports; D013256:Steroids; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D013256:Steroids