title: Immune parameters in mares resistant and susceptible to persistent post-breeding endometritis: effects of immunomodulation.
abstract: Our objective was to characterize immune parameters in susceptible (SM) and resistant (RM) mares, with and without artificial insemination (AI) and immunomodulation. Eight RM and eight SM were selected based on their reproductive history and functional tests. Both groups of mares were evaluated during three consecutive cycles: Cycle 1, untreated cycle (control); Cycle 2, AI with dead semen; Cycle 3, AI with dead semen and immunomodulation. Endometrial biopsies were taken during the three cycles as follows: Cycle 1--at estrus, when follicles > or =35mm and at diestrus (7+/-1 days after ovulation); Cycle 2--at estrus 24h post-AI, and at diestrus; Cycle 3--at estrus 24h after treatment with a Mycobacterium phlei cell-wall extract (MCWE) and AI, and at diestrus. The mRNA transcription (mRNAT) of IL-8 and IL-10 were determined by real-time PCR. Image analysis of immunohistochemistry slides was performed using digital software (Image-Pro Plus v 5.0; Media Cybernetics); the percentage of stained area was determined for Major Histocompatibility Complex II (MHC-II), polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and T lymphocytes (TL) on each tissue section. In Cycle 1, SM had significantly higher MHC-II, TL, PMN and IL-8 than RM during estrus (P<0.006, P<0.0005, P<0.05, respectively), while transcription of IL-10 was significantly lower than in RM (P<0.0001). During diestrus, SM had higher levels of TL, PMN and IL-8 than RM (P<0.0001). After AI (Cycle 2), SM had higher levels of IL-8 and lower levels of IL-10 than RM at estrus and no differences were detected for MHC-II, TL and PMN positive cells. During diestrus in the same cycle, all the immune parameters were higher in SM mares (P<0.005, P<0.0004, P<0.0001, P<0.02, respectively). When MCWE was applied at the time of AI (Cycle 3), SM expressed significant higher levels of IL-10 24h after treatment (P<0.005), which were also higher than in the control Cycle 2 or after AI (Cycle 2). However, no significant differences were detected for MHC-II, lymphocytes-PMN or IL-8 between SM and RM during diestrus in Cycle 3. This study showed that SM had higher levels of all immune parameters except IL-10 than RM during Cycle 1. After AI (Cycle 2), the inflammatory condition persisted in SM but not RM mares until day 7 post-ovulation. Following treatment with MCWE at the time of AI (Cycle 3) uterine immunological changes in SM resulted in an endometrial immune environment similar to that found in normal RM.
authors.affiliation: UNICEN, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Pinto 399, Tandil 7000, Argentina. efumuso@vet.unicen.edu.ar
authors.forename: Elida Ana
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Fumuso
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: Steeve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giguère
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rivulgo
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: Dragan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rogan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002473:Cell Wall; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004716:Endometritis / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D030762:Estrous Cycle; D005260:Female; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006736:Horses; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D009168:Mycobacterium phlei; D014599:Uterus / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016753:Interleukin-10