title: Modulation by simvastatin of iberiotoxin-sensitive, Ca2+-activated K+ channels of porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors) have been demonstrated to reduce cardiovascular mortality. It is unclear how the expression level of HMG CoA reductase in cardiovascular tissues compares with that in cells derived from the liver. We hypothesized that this enzyme exists in different cardiovascular tissues, and simvastatin modulates the vascular iberiotoxin-sensitive Ca2+-activated K(+) (BK(Ca)) channels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of HMG CoA reductase in different cardiovascular preparations was measured. Effects of simvastatin on BK(Ca) channel gatings of porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Western immunoblots revealed the biochemical existence of HMG CoA reductase in human cardiovascular tissues and porcine coronary artery. In porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells, extracellular simvastatin (1, 3 and 10 microM) (hydrophobic), but not simvastatin Na+ (hydrophilic), inhibited the BK(Ca) channels with a minimal recovery upon washout. Isopimaric acid (10 microM)-mediated enhancement of the BK(Ca) amplitude was reversed by external simvastatin. Simvastatin Na+ (10 microM, applied internally), markedly attenuated isopimaric acid (10 microM)-induced enhancement of the BK(Ca) amplitude. Reduced glutathione (5 mM; in the pipette solution) abolished simvastatin -elicited inhibition. Mevalonolactone (500 microM) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (20 microM) only prevented simvastatin (1 and 3 microM)-induced responses. simvastatin (10 microM ) caused a rottlerin (1 microM)-sensitive (cycloheximide (10 microM)-insensitive) increase of PKC-delta protein expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated the biochemical presence of HMG CoA reductase in different cardiovascular tissues, and that simvastatin inhibited the BK(Ca) channels of the arterial smooth muscle cells through multiple intracellular pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.forename: A L S
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Au
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: S S C
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chim
authors.forename: S M Y
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: D C S
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Tjiu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shigemura
authors.forename: A P C
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: S K W
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.forename: G P H
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kwan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010703:Phorbol Esters / Q000494:pharmacology; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D051242:Caveolin 1; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D010455:Peptides; D010703:Phorbol Esters; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated; D011725:Pyridines; C064719:iberiotoxin; D019821:Simvastatin; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; C093642:SB 203580