title: Luting of ceramic inlays in vitro: marginal quality of self-etch and etch-and-rinse adhesives versus self-etch cements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate marginal integrity of IPS Empress inlays luted with different adhesives and cements before and after thermo-mechanical loading (TML).
  
  
  METHODS
  MOD cavities with one proximal box beneath the cementoenamel junction were prepared in 72 extracted human third molars. IPS Empress inlays were luted with nine combinations of adhesive and luting composite or self-etch cement alone (n=8): Prime&Bond NT Dual-Cure+Calibra (PC), XP BOND/SCA+Calibra (XC), XP BOND/SCA light-cured+Calibra (XL), Syntac+Variolink II (SV), Multilink Primer+Multilink (ML), AdhesSE DC+Variolink II (AV), ED Primer+Panavia F 2.0 (EP), RelyX Unicem (RU), and Maxcem (MC). Marginal quality was analyzed under an SEM using epoxy resin replicas before and after thermo-mechanical loading (100,000x50N and 2500 thermocylces between +5 and +55 degrees C).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All systems involving the etch-and-rinse approach resulted in significantly higher percentages of gap-free margins in enamel than all other luting systems (p<0.05). ML and AV achieved higher percentages of gap-free margins in enamel than EP and RU (p<0.05), with EP and RU being significantly above MC (p<0.05). For dentine margins, XP Bond resulted in significantly higher percentages of gap-free margins than Prime&Bond NT, independent of a separate light-curing step (p<0.05). Between the luting systems XC, XL, SV, ML, AV, ED, EP, and RU, no significant differences were computed (p>0.05). MC ranged at the end of the statistical subsets with 62% gap-free margins (p<0.05; Mann-Whitney U-test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Etch-and-rinse adhesives combined with conventional luting resin composites reveal still the best prognosis for adhesive luting of glass ceramic inlays.
authors.affiliation: Dental Clinic 1 Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glueckstrasse 11, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. frankbg@dent.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frankenberger
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lohbauer
authors.forename: Rainer B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Schaible
authors.forename: Sergej A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nikolaenko
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naumann
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007284:Inlays; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; C489662:AdheSE cement; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; C433205:Calibra; C095997:DCR cement; D003738:Dental Cements; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C500742:ED Primer II; C075815:IPS-Empress ceramic; C515955:Maxcem; D008689:Methacrylates; C438843:Panavia-Fluoro; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C425843:Prime and Bond NT; C483701:Rely X Unicem; D019279:Resin Cements; C474194:Self Cure adhesive; C078484:Syntac dentine adhesive; C502351:multilink adhesive system; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C103502:Variolink