Effect of pregnane X receptor ligand on pharmacokinetics of substrates of organic cation transporter Oct1 in rats.
Because rat organic cation transporter 1 (Oct1, SLC22a1) is expressed mainly in the liver and mediates drug transport, its activity may determine the hepatic handling of cationic drugs. Here, we studied the regulation mechanism of the expression of Oct1, focusing on the nuclear receptors. In vitro studies using cultured hepatocytes indicated that expression of Oct1 was up-regulated by treatment with pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile (PCN) and by overexpression of rat pregnane X receptor (PXR). In addition, isolated rat hepatocytes exhibited an increase of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) uptake on treatment with PCN. When rats were subcutaneously administered PCN, an increase of biliary excretion clearance and distribution volume was observed for drugs such as MPP(+), metformin, and tetraethylammonium, although the effects on pharmacokinetic parameters were variable among the tested drugs. In addition, the expression of Oct2 in kidney was increased by treatment with PCN. Thus, PXR ligands appear to regulate the expression of organic cation transporters in rats and thereby to influence the pharmacokinetic properties of cationic drugs. Because PXR ligands include various clinically used drugs, alterations of hepatic drug handling may arise from interactions between cationic drugs that are substrates of Oct1 and ligands of PXR.
Maeda
Tomoji
T
Department of Membrane Transport and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamasaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
Oyabu
Masanobu
M
Yotsumoto
Takafumi
T
Higashi
Ryunosuke
R
Nagata
Kiyoshi
K
Yamazoe
Yasushi
Y
Tamai
Ikumi
I
D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002412:Cations / Q000378:metabolism; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004077:Digoxin / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008024:Ligands; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D027702:Organic Cation Transporter 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D011285:Pregnenolone Carbonitrile / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000187:drug effects*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014162:Transfection; D014238:Trichloroacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism
D002412:Cations; D008024:Ligands; D027702:Organic Cation Transporter 1; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D011285:Pregnenolone Carbonitrile; D014238:Trichloroacetic Acid; D004077:Digoxin