Diagnosis of pediatric genitourinary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma by urine cytology: a case report.
BACKGROUND
Urinary cytology is an uncommon investigative tool for pediatric tumors.


METHODS
A 16-month-old infant presented for investigation ofhematuria and blood clots into diapers. Urinary cytology showed a population of small, round, blue cells with little cytoplasm and high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios. The cells were positive for desmin and negative for cytokeratin. A cytologic diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma was offered and subsequently confirmed by histopathology.


CONCLUSIONS
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas are not uncommon in the pediatric population. Urinary cytology may be useful for rapid diagnosis and early management of such cases.
Anderson
Lyndal
L
Department of Tissue Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Wentworthville, Australia. lyndala@icpmr.wsahs.new.gov.au
Henwood
Anthony
A
Graf
Nicole
N
Arbuckle
Susan
S
D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D018233:Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal / Q000473:pathology* / Q000652:urine*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000652:urine*; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology