title: The role of osteobiologics in spinal deformity.
abstract: Spinal deformity surgery represents one of the most challenging environments in which to achieve bone fusion. High rates of pseudarthroses, limited quantities of available autograft bone, and the potential morbidity of iliac crest harvest have driven a search for bone graft extenders and substitutes. With expanding knowledge of bone biology, the authors review options in spinal fusion with a particular focus on deformity surgery, including the use of autograft, allograft, demineralized bone matrix, ceramics, and bone morphogenetic proteins.
authors.affiliation: Spine Surgery Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ivan.cheng@stanford.edu <ivan.cheng@stanford.edu>
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Rayshad
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oshtory
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wildstein
mesh_terms: D018775:Bone Demineralization Technique; D001857:Bone Matrix; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002516:Ceramics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017102:Fracture Healing; D006801:Humans; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D018786:Bone Substitutes