title: Sulfamethoxazole abatement by photo-Fenton toxicity, inhibition and biodegradability assessment of intermediates.
abstract: The objective of this work was to study the abatement of 200mgL(-1) sulfamethoxazole (SMX) solution by means of photo-Fenton process. Biodegradability of the treated solutions was followed by the ratio biochemical oxygen demand at five days/chemical oxygen demand (BOD(5)/COD) and toxicity by Microtox and inhibition tests. Experiments with different initial concentration of H(2)O(2) were carried out. The initial amount of Fe(2+) and pH of the solution were set at 10mgL(-1) and 2.8 respectively. The temperature of the reactor was kept constant in all the experiments (25+/-0.8 degrees C). Photo-Fenton process is thought to be a successful treatment step to improve the biodegradability of wastewater containing SMX. The complete antibiotic removal was achieved for a H(2)O(2) dose over 300mgL(-1). Biodegradability (BOD(5)/COD) rose from zero (SMX solution) to values higher than 0.3 (treated solutions). Toxicity and inhibition tests pointed out in the same direction: oxidized intermediates for initial H(2)O(2) dose over 300mgL(-1) showed no toxicity effects on pure bacteria and no inhibition on activated sludge activity.
authors.affiliation: Facultat de Química, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. ogonzalez@angel.qui.ub.es
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Carme
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sans
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Esplugas
mesh_terms: D048908:Aliivibrio fischeri / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D049449:Luminescence; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole; D010100:Oxygen