title: Virodhamine and CP55,940 modulate cAMP production and IL-8 release in human bronchial epithelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated expression of cannabinoid receptors and the effects of the endogenous cannabinoid virodhamine and the synthetic agonist CP55,940 on cAMP accumulation and interleukin-8 (IL-8) release in human bronchial epithelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human bronchial epithelial (16HBE14o(-)) cells were used. Total mRNA was isolated and cannabinoid receptor mRNAs were detected by RT-PCR. Expression of CB(1) and CB(2) receptor proteins was detected with Western blotting using receptor-specific antibodies. cAMP accumulation was measured by competitive radioligand binding assay. IL-8 release was measured by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CB(1) and CB(2) receptor mRNAs and proteins were found. Both agonists concentration-dependently decreased forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation. This effect was inhibited by the CB(2) receptor antagonist SR144528, and was sensitive to Pertussis toxin (PTX), suggesting the involvement of CB(2) receptors and G(i/o)-proteins. Cell pretreatment with PTX unmasked a stimulatory component, which was blocked by the CB(1) receptor antagonist SR141716A. CB(2) receptor-mediated inhibition of cAMP production by virodhamine and CP55,940 was paralleled by inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induced IL-8 release. This inhibition was insensitive to SR141716A. In the absence of agonist, SR144528 by itself reduced TNF-alpha induced IL-8 release.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show for the first time that 16HBE14o(-) cells respond to virodhamine and CP55,940. CB(1) and CB(2) receptor subtypes mediated activation and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, respectively. Stimulation of the dominant CB(2) receptor signalling pathway diminished cAMP accumulation and TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 release. These observations may imply that cannabinoids exert anti-inflammatory properties in airways by modulating cytokine release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University Centre for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands. e.gkoumassi@rug.nl
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gkoumassi
authors.forename: B G J
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Dekkers
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dröge
authors.forename: C R S
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Elzinga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meurs
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zaagsma
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nelemans
mesh_terms: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001892:Camphanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004336:Drug Antagonism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000077285:Rimonabant; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000700:Analgesics; D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D001892:Camphanes; D002186:Cannabinoids; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016209:Interleukin-8; D010880:Piperidines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; C110630:SR 144528; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C456739:virodhamine; D005576:Colforsin; C054649:3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D000077285:Rimonabant