title: Recent developments in esophageal motor disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Every year more insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of esophageal motor disorders is obtained. This review highlights some interesting literature published in this area during the last year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Longitudinal and circular muscle contractions act in a well coordinated fashion to allow normal peristalsis. Techniques such as intraluminal impedance, high-resolution manometry and intraluminal ultrasound provide useful additional information on esophageal function both in the normal and abnormal situation. The dynamics of the gastroesophageal junction can be studied with a newly developed probe, and the mechanism behind transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations is still being unravelled. New manometric criteria for nutcracker esophagus have been proposed, whereas further evidence is reported supporting an association between diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease and esophageal dysmotility and spasm, respectively. Finally, several long-term follow-up results of surgical myotomy and pneumodilatation have been reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to the perfection of esophageal measuring techniques, our knowledge of esophageal function continues to increase. The studies reviewed here provide interesting information on the pathogenesis and treatment of several esophageal motor disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hanneke
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Beaumont
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boeckxstaens
mesh_terms: D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000503:physiopathology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000503:physiopathology; D017097:Electric Impedance; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008365:Manometry; D010528:Peristalsis / Q000502:physiology