title: Autosomal dominant cornea plana is not associated with pathogenic mutations in DCN, DSPG3, FOXC1, KERA, LUM, or PITX2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the genetic basis of autosomal dominant cornea plana (CNA1) through the performance of a genome-wide linkage analysis and screening of the decorin (DCN), dermatan sulfate proteoglycan 3 (DSPG3), forkhead box C1 (FOXC1), keratocan (KERA), lumican (LUM,) and paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2) genes in members of an affected multigenerational family.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cycloplegic refraction, slit lamp biomicroscopy, corneal pachymetry, and corneal topography were performed to determine each patient's affected status. DNA was obtained from affected and unaffected subjects for the performance of a genome-wide linkage analysis as well as PCR amplification and sequencing of DCN, DSPG3, FOXC1, KERA, LUM, and PITX2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five affected and three unaffected individuals were examined and provided a peripheral blood sample for DNA isolation. All affected individuals demonstrated an average corneal dioptric power less than 39 D, as well as one or more of the following anomalies: high hyperopia, strabismus, microcornea, posterior embryotoxon, iridocorneal adhesions, iris atrophy, and pupillary irregularities. A genome-wide linkage analysis did not indicate or exclude linkage to the region on chromosome 12 to which CNA1 has been previously mapped, and did not provide a single or multipoint LOD score greater than 2.0 for any of the 400 microsatellite markers. Screening of DCN, DSPG3, FOXC1, KERA, LUM, and PITX2 revealed 12 previously described single nucleotide polymorphisms, 2 previously described duplications, and 1 previously described insertion. None of the mutations previously associated with autosomal recessive cornea plana (CNA2) were identified. Seven novel sequence variants were described, including 5 single nucleotide substitutions, 1 insertion and 1 deletion. None of the identified sequence variants demonstrated complete segregation with the affected phenotype in the pedigree.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although missense and nonsense mutations in KERA are associated with CNA2, we did not identify any of the previously described mutations or novel mutations that segregated with the disease phenotype in a family with CNA1. In addition, no pathogenic sequence variations were found in DCN, DSPG3, LUM, PITX2 and FOXC1, which have also been implicated in corneal and anterior segment dysgenesis.
authors.affiliation: The Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. aldave@jsei.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Aldave
authors.forename: Baris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sonmez
authors.forename: Nirit
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bourla
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: Jeanette C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Papp
authors.forename: Andrew K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: Sylvia A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rayner
authors.forename: Vivek S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Yellore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics*; D003315:Cornea / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D058575:Decorin; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007632:Keratan Sulfate / Q000235:genetics*; D000071234:Lumican; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics*; D000071232:Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D000097577:Homeobox Protein PITX2
chemical_list: D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans; D058575:Decorin; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D007632:Keratan Sulfate; D000071234:Lumican; D011509:Proteoglycans; D000071232:Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000097577:Homeobox Protein PITX2; C546878:DCN protein, human; C119499:EPYC protein, human; C112743:FOXC1 protein, human; C490948:KERA protein, human; C000604306:LUM protein, human