Drug-resistance surveillance among newly HIV-1 diagnosed individuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to estimate primary resistance in an urban setting in a developing country with a long history of antiretroviral delivery and high coverage levels.


METHODS
We carried out a resistance surveillance study according to WHO HIV-Resistance Guidelines.


METHODS
Blood samples were collected from 323 drug-naive HIV-1 infected individuals diagnosed at two HIV voluntary counselling and testing centers in Buenos Aires. Viral-load, CD4 cell counts and detuned assays were performed on all samples. The pol gene was sequenced and the resistance profile determined. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by neighbor-joining trees and bootscanning analysis.


RESULTS
We found that 12 (4.2%) of the 284 samples sequenced harbored primary resistance mutations, of which K103N, M41L and V108I were most prevalent. Phylogenetic analysis revealed evidence for the transmission of the K103N mutation among the drug-naive population. The proportion of recent infections identified by the detuned assay was 10.1%.


CONCLUSIONS
Levels of primary resistance in Buenos Aires are still low, despite a long history of ARV delivery and high coverage levels.
Dilernia
Dario A
DA
National Reference Center for AIDS, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Lourtau
Leonardo
L
Gomez
Alejandro M
AM
Ebenrstejin
Juan
J
Toibaro
Javier J
JJ
Bautista
Christian T
CT
Marone
Rubén
R
Carobene
Mauricio
M
Pampuro
Sandra
S
Gomez-Carrillo
Manuel
M
Losso
Marcelo H
MH
Salomón
Horacio
H
D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D003906:Developing Countries; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D014504:Urban Health
D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors