Reoperative hypospadias.
OBJECTIVE
To review recent publications on the surgical treatment of hypospadias failures, including prognostic factors, which may influence final outcome in hypospadias surgery.


RESULTS
Interim good outcomes for single-stage dorsal inlay grafting in patients with multiple failed repairs would suggest a greater role for this new technique over other available options. Slowly emerging long-term data confirm our suspicion that a good result early on is not necessarily indicative of a satisfactory long-term outcome.


CONCLUSIONS
Hypospadias surgery remains a considerable technical challenge and improvement will come from the development of specialized units.
Manzoni
Gianantonio
G
Section of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Hospital di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy. gam_1@libero.it
Marrocco
Giacinto
G
D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*