title: [Signaling pathways of transforming growth factor beta family members].
abstract: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling controls varies of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, fibrosis, apoptosis and specification of developmental fate during embryogenesis as well as in mature tissues. The members of TGF-betas family are secreted as inactive (latent) precursors, what prevents uncontrolled activation of the cognate receptors. After activation TGF-beta ligand initiates signaling by binding to and bringing together type I and type II receptor serine/threronine kinases on the cell surface. Recent cellular, biochemical and structural studies have revealed significant insight into the mechanisms of the activation of TGF-beta receptors through ligand binding, the activation of Smad proteins through phosphorylation as well as Smad independent pathways.
authors.affiliation: Zakład Cytologii, Wydział Biologii, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa. mzimowska@biol.uw.edu.pl
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zimowska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000502:physiology; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D051785:Smad Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D010770:Phosphotransferases