title: Sodium intake determines the role of adenosine A2 receptors in control of renal medullary perfusion in the rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the kidney, adenosine (ADO) can induce either vasoconstriction or vasodilatation, mediated by A1 or A2 receptors, respectively. The vasodilator influence may be of special importance in the renal medulla which operates at low tissue pO(2) levels and is susceptible to ischaemic damage. It has not been established if ADO induced vasodilatation is modified by salt intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined effects of stimulation or inhibition of ADO receptors (A2R) on perfusion of the renal cortex and medulla on low- or high- sodium intake (LS, HS). Effects of suprarenal aortic ADO (0.03 mmol/kg/h), A2R agonist (DPMA), 0.08-0.4 mmol/kg/h, or antagonist (DMPX), 1.7 micromol/kg/h, were examined in anaesthetized rats maintained on LS (0.15% Na) or HS (4% Na) diet for 3 weeks. Whole kidney blood flow (RBF) and the perfusion (laser-Doppler) of the superficial cortex and outer and inner medulla (OM-BF, IM-BF) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In LS rats neither drug changed renal perfusion. In HS rats ADO increased RBF 18 +/- 3%, OM-BF 16 +/- 7% and IM-BF 16 +/- 6%. IM-BF increased after DPMA 18 +/- 5% and decreased after DMPX 13 +/- 3%; neither drug consistently changed perfusion of the cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On HS intake, medullary perfusion is controlled by ADO vasodilator (A2) receptors, which may help provide adequate oxygen to the medulla, the zone which normally operates under relative hypoxia. On LS intake, the vasodilator and vasoconstrictor effects are probably in balance and ADO has little role in control of intrarenal circulation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, M. Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland. lesdobro@cmdik.pan.pl
authors.forename: Leszek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dobrowolski
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kompanowska-Jezierska
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walkowska
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sadowski
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043683:Receptors, Adenosine A2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012492:Salts / Q000494:pharmacology; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D013805:Theobromine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D043683:Receptors, Adenosine A2; D012492:Salts; C056426:CGS 24012; C057837:3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine; D012964:Sodium; D000241:Adenosine; D013805:Theobromine; D010100:Oxygen