title: Restoration of visual function following optic nerve regeneration in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) x pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) hybrid sunfish.
abstract: Simple (dorsal light reflex) and complex (predator-prey interactions) visually mediated behaviors were used concurrently with morphological examination to assess restoration of visual function following optic nerve crush in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) x pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) hybrid sunfish. Regenerating optic nerve axons projected into the stratum opticum-stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale by week 2, the stratum griseum centrale by week 4, and stratum album centrale by week 6. Initial projections into the laminae were diffuse and less stratified compared to controls. By week 12, the projection pattern of regenerating nerve fibers closely resembled the innervation of normal tecta. Visual improvements were correlated with increasing projections into the tectum. The dorsal light reflex improved from a 45 degrees vertical deviation following nerve crush to 4.5 degrees by week 16. Initial predator-prey interactions were exclusively mediated by the control eye. As regeneration progressed, there was a gradual expansion of the visual field. The reaction distance and attack angles within the visual field of the experimental eye were initially less than controls, however, these differences disappeared by week 10. Improvements in visual function were closely correlated with an increase of regenerating ganglion cell axons into the optic tectum indicating sufficient synaptogenesis to mediate both simple and complex visual behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA. mcallahan@usm.maine.edu
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Callahan
authors.forename: Allen F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Mensinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D005399:Fishes; D007839:Functional Laterality; D008027:Light; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D015594:Optic Disk Drusen / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011235:Predatory Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C013411:biocytin; D008239:Lysine