title: The RhoGAP RGA-2 and LET-502/ROCK achieve a balance of actomyosin-dependent forces in C. elegans epidermis to control morphogenesis.
abstract: Embryonic morphogenesis involves the coordinate behaviour of multiple cells and requires the accurate balance of forces acting within different cells through the application of appropriate brakes and throttles. In C. elegans, embryonic elongation is driven by Rho-binding kinase (ROCK) and actomyosin contraction in the epidermis. We identify an evolutionary conserved, actin microfilament-associated RhoGAP (RGA-2) that behaves as a negative regulator of LET-502/ROCK. The small GTPase RHO-1 is the preferred target of RGA-2 in vitro, and acts between RGA-2 and LET-502 in vivo. Two observations show that RGA-2 acts in dorsal and ventral epidermal cells to moderate actomyosin tension during the first half of elongation. First, time-lapse microscopy shows that loss of RGA-2 induces localised circumferentially oriented pulling on junctional complexes in dorsal and ventral epidermal cells. Second, specific expression of RGA-2 in dorsal/ventral, but not lateral, cells rescues the embryonic lethality of rga-2 mutants. We propose that actomyosin-generated tension must be moderated in two out of the three sets of epidermal cells surrounding the C. elegans embryo to achieve morphogenesis.
authors.affiliation: IGBMC, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP.10142, 67400 Illkirch, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diogon
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wissler
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quintin
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagamatsu
authors.forename: Satis
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sookhareea
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Landmann
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hutter
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Labouesse
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000205:Actomyosin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D004817:Epidermis / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009024:Morphogenesis; D043263:Myosin-Light-Chain Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C522155:rga-2 protein, C elegans; D000205:Actomyosin; C515856:LET-502 protein, C elegans; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases; C468369:MEL-11 protein, C elegans; D043263:Myosin-Light-Chain Phosphatase; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins