title: Effect of ambient particulate matter exposure on hemostasis.
abstract: Epidemiological studies have linked levels of particulate matter (PM) in ambient air to cardiovascular mortality and hospitalizations for myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Thrombus formation plays a primary role in potentiating acute cardiovascular events, and this study was undertaken to determine whether pulmonary exposure to PM alters hemostasis. PM was collected from the Chapel Hill, NC airshed and was administered to mice by intratracheal instillation at a dose previously shown to exacerbate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Twenty-four hours after exposure, an increase occurred in the number of circulating platelets and plasma concentrations of fibrinogen and soluble P-selectin. The concentration of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) in plasma was decreased, whereas the plasma concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) was increased. Consistent with these observations, bleeding time from a tail-tip transection was shortened. These results provide evidence that PM exposure alters hemostasis in otherwise healthy animals and may thereby promote clot formation and impede clot resolution in susceptible individuals. The results also establish definite hemostatic endpoints that can be used to further investigate the effects of dose and particle characteristics on the toxicity of ambient particles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cozzi
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wingard
authors.forename: Wayne E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Cascio
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Devlin
authors.forename: Jeremy J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.forename: April R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bofferding
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lust
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Van Scott
authors.forename: Ruth Ann
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Henriksen
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001760:Bleeding Time; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D008074:Lipoproteins; D019007:P-Selectin; D052638:Particulate Matter; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051928:lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor; D005340:Fibrinogen