title: Ritually induced growth disturbances and deformities of the orofacial system--a contribution to cranial morphogenesis.
abstract: Numerous ritual acts involving the skull result in orofacial changes. The present study focuses on ritual acts of Brazilian Zoé Indians. A distinct deformation effect of the ritual act (wearing a lip-plug) on the morphology of the orofacial system is demonstrated and documented using jaw models. The studies show that the lip-plug significantly influences tooth position and jaw growth. While the maxilla displays palatal displacement of the lateral incisors and elevation of the palate, retraction occurs in the mandible depending upon plug size. Additionally, both the plug and the nutritional habits of the Indians induce marked abrasion of all teeth. Moreover, it is shown that the duration of lip-plug wear is an essential determinant of sustained orofacial changes.
authors.affiliation: Poliklinik für Kieferorthopädie, Präventive Zahnmedizin und Kinderzahnheilkunde, Zentrum für Zahn- Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Rotgerberstrasse 8, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dietze
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Winkelmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garve
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Blens
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fanghänel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Proff
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gedrange
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maile
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D001938:Brazil; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007199:Indians, South American; D008046:Lip / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009056:Mouth Abnormalities / Q000473:pathology*