title: Risk factors for faecal incontinence after rectal cancer treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low anterior resection (LAR) may result in faecal incontinence. This study aimed to identify risk factors for long-term faecal incontinence after total mesorectal excision (TME) with or without preoperative radiotherapy (PRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1996 and 1999, patients with operable rectal cancer were randomized to TME with or without PRT. Eligible patients who underwent LAR were studied retrospectively at 2 years (399 patients) and 5 years (339) after TME.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 5 years after surgery faecal incontinence was reported by 61.5 per cent of patients who had PRT and 38.8 per cent of those who did not (P < 0.001). Excessive blood loss and height of the tumour were associated with long-term faecal incontinence, but only in patients treated with PRT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Faecal incontinence is likely to occur after PRT and TME, especially when the perineum is irradiated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: den Dulk
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Bossema
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Maas
authors.forename: K C M J
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Rutten
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klein Kranenbarg
authors.forename: C A M
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Marijnen
authors.forename: C J H
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: van de Velde
mesh_terms: D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D012307:Risk Factors