title: Experimental hyperhomocysteinemia reduces bone quality in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) has been suggested as a new risk factor for osteoporosis. This study investigated if HHCY is a causal osteoporotic factor in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used 3 groups of rats: a control group (n = 20), a moderate HHCY group (induced by a 2.4% methionine-enriched diet, n = 10), and an intermediate HHCY group (induced by a 2% homocystine-enriched diet, n = 10). We measured bone fragility [maximum force of an axial compression test (F(max))], bone area as percentage of total area (BAr/TAr, histomorphometry), and biochemical bone turnover markers [osteocalcin (OC) and collagen I C-terminal crosslaps (CTx)].
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, 3 months of moderate or intermediate HHCY increased mean (SD) bone fragility at the femoral neck by 18% (6%) in methionine-fed (P = 0.001) and 36% (13%) in homocystine-fed rats (P <0.001). Mean (SD) BAr/TAr at the distal femur in methionine and homocystine groups was decreased by 45% (21%; P = 0.001) and 93% (9%; P = 0.001), respectively. At the femoral neck, BAr/TAr was decreased by 19% (11%; P <0.001) and 55% (19%; P <0.001). At the lumbar spine, the reduction of BAr/TAr was 17% (23%; P = 0.099) and 44% (19%; P <0.001). Plasma OC (bone formation marker) was decreased by 23% (20%; P = 0.006) and 34% (21%; P <0.001). Plasma CTx (bone resorption marker) did not differ between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone quality is consistently decreased in the presence of increased circulating homocysteine. The results provide evidence that HHCY is a causal osteoporotic factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Britt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wildemann
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Claes
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klohs
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohnmacht
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Taban-Shomal
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hübner
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pexa
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Umanskaya
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Herrmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D019245:Compressive Strength; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005269:Femur / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050815:Fractures, Compression / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010012:Osteogenesis; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers