title: How people with advanced cancer manage changing eating habits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper is a report of a study to explore the management of changing eating habits in people with advanced cancer.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Internationally there is interest in supporting self-management as a way of helping people to live with illness. It is unknown if promoting self-management in people with cancer can lead to beneficial health outcomes. In order to develop and test interventions that promote self-management in cancer patients, it is first important to understand ways in which they can help themselves.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mixed-methods exploratory case study of the meaning, management and manifestations of weight loss and change in eating habits was conducted with 30 patients receiving palliative home care in England in 2003. Semi-structured interview data were analysed using both content and thematic approaches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants described a total of 141 different self-actions, each of which formed a component of up to four self-action strategies that were used to aid life with advanced cancer. The strategies were 'Taking control', 'Promoting self-worth', 'Relationship work', and 'Distraction'. Employing these strategies led to changes in thinking and behaviour that were motivated by a desire to sustain or enhance well-being. The pattern of self-action strategies adopted by each individual is theorized to be dependent on the personal and contextual resources available.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients can and do find their own solutions to eating problems and nurses should support this self-action. The proposed theory of self-management of eating change provides an understanding that can inform the provision of this support.
authors.affiliation: Macmillan Research Unit, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK. jbh@soton.ac.uk
authors.forename: Jane B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hopkinson
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004739:England; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D010166:Palliative Care; D012648:Self Care; D012649:Self Concept; D012944:Social Support