title: Functional implication of nucleolin in the mouse first molar development.
abstract: We examined the functional implication of nucleolin in the mouse first molar development. Both the nucleolin mRNA and protein expressions were demonstrated in the odontogenic epithelial cells in the early stage and in the inner enamel epithelial layer in the late stage. The expression pattern of nucleolin corresponded to the proliferating cells in the tooth germ, thus showing that nucleolin could possibly be related to cell proliferation. No in situ signal of nucleolin was found in the primary enamel knot (PEK). Furthermore, nucleolin protein was demonstrated in the PEK by immunohistochemistry. The existence of nucleolin protein in the PEK may possibly be related to the apoptosis in the PEK cells. An inhibition assay using the hemagglutinating virus of Japan-liposome containing nucleolin antisense phosphorothioated oligonucleotide (AS S-ODN) in cultured mouse mandibles at embryonic day (E) 11.0 showed a marked growth inhibition of tooth germ. Moreover, no developmental arrest was found in the cultured tooth germ at E15.0 treated with nucleolin AS S-ODN. Real time PCR was performed to examine the mRNA expression of nucleolin-related genes, and a significant reduction in the midkine mRNA expression was thus observed in the mouse mandible after being treated with nucleolin AS S-ODN. This inhibition assay indicated that nucleolin could thus be involved in the early stage of tooth germ initiation and morphogenesis, possibly by regulating the midkine expression.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Kyushu University, Graduate School of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Ieyoshi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Tamotsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiyoshima
authors.forename: Haruyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaza
authors.forename: Jun-ya
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Enoki
authors.forename: Akifumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akamine
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008954:Models, Biological; D008963:Molar / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D000097796:Nucleolin
chemical_list: D009841:Oligonucleotides; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D000097796:Nucleolin