title: Effects of glutamine supplementation on gut barrier, glutathione content and acute phase response in malnourished rats during inflammatory shock.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of glutamine on intestinal mucosa integrity, glutathione stores and acute phase response in protein-depleted rats during an inflammatory shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma acute phase proteins (APP), jejunal APP mRNA levels, liver and jejunal glutathione concentrations were measured before and one, three and seven days after turpentine injection in 4 groups of control, protein-restricted, protein-restricted rats supplemented with glutamine or protein powder. Bacterial translocation in mesenteric lymph nodes and intestinal morphology were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Protein deprivation and turpentine injection significantly reduced jejunal villus height, and crypt depths. Mucosal glutathione concentration significantly decreased in protein-restricted rats. Before turpentine oil, glutamine supplementation restored villus heights and glutathione concentration (3.24 +/- 1.05 vs 1.72 +/- 0.46 mumol/g tissue, P<0.05) in the jejunum, whereas in the liver glutathione remained low. Glutamine markedly increased jejunal alpha1-acid glycoprotein mRNA level after turpentine oil but did not affect its plasma concentration. Bacterial translocation in protein-restricted rats was not prevented by glutamine or protein powder supplementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glutamine restored gut glutathione stores and villus heights in malnourished rats but had no preventive effect on bacterial translocation in our model.
authors.affiliation: ADEN EA3234, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Recherche Biomédicale and Institut Fédératif de Recherches Multidisciplinaires sur les Peptides, Rouen, France.
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Belmonte
authors.forename: Moïse
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coëffier
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Le Pessot
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Miralles-Barrachina
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiron
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leplingard
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Lemeland
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hecketsweiler
authors.forename: Maryvonne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daveau
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ducrotté
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Déchelotte
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000187:drug effects; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005973:Glutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007509:Irritants / Q000009:adverse effects; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000378:metabolism*; D009961:Orosomucoid; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014425:Turpentine / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D001798:Blood Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007509:Irritants; C506108:Orm1 protein, rat; D009961:Orosomucoid; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005973:Glutamine; D005978:Glutathione; D014425:Turpentine