title: To heal the mind's eye of hate--Dr. Ludwik Zamenhof.
abstract: Ludwik Zamenhof (1859-1917), born in Poland, invented and propagated Esperanto - an artificial, easy-to-learn language. Literally meaning "language of hope," Esperanto was constructed to avoid misunderstandings, establish communication and facilitate harmony among different nationalities. Simply, he wanted people to accept one another despite observed differences. He was a skilled ophthalmologist, but figuratively, he wished to heal the eyes of humankind to look without hate, just as the biblical Tobias removed the cataract from the corners of his father's eyes to restore his sight.
authors.affiliation: Department of History of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland. ruahpolin@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wincewicz
authors.forename: Mariola
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sulkowska
authors.forename: Stanislaw
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sulkowski
mesh_terms: D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007803:Language Arts / Q000266:history*; D011044:Poland