title: Rapid flare development evoked by current frequency-dependent stimulation analyzed by full-field laser perfusion imaging.
abstract: We analyzed, with a new imaging technique, the rapid axon reflex flare responses in human skin upon transcutaneous delivery of electrical stimuli at 1, 5, 10 and 50 Hz in single bursts of five pulses each. Two-dimensional perfusion images covering an area of 8 x 8 cm(2) were captured at 25 Hz and their averages saved at 0.5 Hz. The stimulation caused an axon reflex flare (maximum 3 cm(2), 20 s after stimulation) that gradually resolved within 2 min. Maximum flare responses developed at 5 Hz, whereas pain ratings increased with stimulation frequency. The highest neuropeptide release at 5 Hz correlates to the discharge characteristics of mechanoinsensitive C-fibers, whereas the maximum pain intensity at 50 Hz may be attributed to the activation of A-delta fibers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dusch
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schley
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rukwied
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmelz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D011601:Psychophysics / Q000379:methods; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000294:innervation; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; D014664:Vasodilation