title: Minimizing the level of butyric acid bacteria spores in farm tank milk.
abstract: A year-long survey of 24 dairy farms was conducted to determine the effects of farm management on the concentrations of butyric acid bacteria (BAB) spores in farm tank milk (FTM). The results were used to validate a control strategy derived from model simulations. The BAB spore concentrations were measured in samples of FTM, feces, bedding material, mixed corn and grass silage fed to cows in the barn, and soil. In addition, a questionnaire was used to gather farm management information such as bedding material used and teat cleaning method applied. The average BAB spore concentration in FTM was 2.7 log10 spores/L, and 33% of the FTM samples exceeded a concentration of 3 log10 spores/L. Control of the average spore concentration in mixed silage fed was the only aspect of farm management that was significantly related to the concentration of BAB spores in FTM. Farms that fed mixed silage with the lowest average BAB spore concentrations (3.4 log10 spores/g) produced FTM with the lowest average concentration (2.1 log10 spores/L). The efficiency of farm management in controlling the BAB spore concentration in FTM depended to a large extent on the ability of farmers to prevent incidents with elevated BAB spore concentrations in mixed silage (>5 log10 spores/g) and not on the average BAB spore concentration in mixed silage across the year. The survey showed that farmers should aim for a concentration in mixed silage of less than 3 log10 spores/g and should prevent the concentration from exceeding 5 log10 spores/g to ensure a concentration in FTM of less than 3 log10 spores/L. These results correspond with the previously reported model simulations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Safety, NIZO Food Research, PO Box 20, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands. marc.vissers@nizo.nl
authors.forename: M M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Vissers
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Driehuis
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Te Giffel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Jong
authors.forename: J M G
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lankveld
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D001512:Bedding and Linens / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D020148:Butyric Acid; D002417:Cattle; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D009426:Netherlands; D012621:Seasons; D012820:Silage / Q000382:microbiology; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D020148:Butyric Acid