title: Metabonomic studies of human hepatocellular carcinoma using high-resolution magic-angle spinning 1H NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with multivariate data analysis.
abstract: High-resolution magic-angle spinning (MAS) 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been employed to characterize the metabolite composition (i.e., metabonome) of the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor in combination with principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that (a) the metabonomes of both low-grade HCC and high-grade HCC tumors differ markedly from that of the adjacent non-involved tissues; and (b) low-grade HCC tumors have clear differences in metabonome from that of the high-grade HCC tumors. Compared with the non-involved adjacent liver tissues, HCC tumors had elevated levels of lactate, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, leucine, alanine, choline metabolites, and phosphorylethanolamine (PE), but declined levels of triglycerides, glucose, and glycogen. The levels of lactate, amino acids including glutamate, glutamine, glycine, leucine and alanine, choline and phosphorylethanolamine (PE) were higher but the levels of PC, GPC, triglycerides, glucose, and glycogen were lower in high-grade HCC than in low-grade HCC tumors. Compared with non-cirrhotic, low-grade HCC tumors, the cirrhotic, low-grade HCC tumors showed statistically significant increases in lactate, phosphocholine (PC), and glycerophosphocholine (GPC). The necrosis in HCC tumors resulted in a drastic increase in the levels of observable triglycerides, signals of which dominated their 1H NMR spectra. These results indicated that HRMAS combined with PCA offers a useful tool for understanding the tumor biochemistry and classification of liver tumor tissues; such tool may also have some potential for liver tumor diagnosis and prognosis even when some other disease processes are present.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yongxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chenglong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Xiansong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Wenxue
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Huiru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002457:Cell Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D003903:Deuterium / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002457:Cell Extracts; D003903:Deuterium