title: High mucosal serotonin availability in neonatal guinea pig ileum is associated with low serotonin transporter expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter and paracrine signaling molecule in the gut. Paracrine signaling by enterochromaffin cells (EC), which release 5-HT, has not been studied in neonates. Our aim was to compare 5-HT disposition in the intestinal mucosa of neonatal and adult guinea pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  5-HT was locally measured in vitro from intestinal segments using a diamond microelectrode and continuous amperometry. The serotonin transporter (SERT) was measured using immunohistochemical and Western blot techniques. 5-HT intestinal content was measured using immunohistochemistry and high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An oxidation current, reflective of local 5-HT release, was recorded with the microelectrode near the mucosal surface, and this current was larger in neonatal than in adult tissues. Mechanically stimulating the mucosa with a fine glass probe evoked an additional current in adult but not neonatal tissues. Oxidation currents were reduced by tetrodotoxin and were blocked in calcium-free solutions. Fluoxetine (1 microM) potentiated oxidation currents in adult but not neonatal tissues. SERT levels were lower in neonatal vs adult tissues. There was no difference in 5-HT content between neonates and adults but 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid/5-HT ratios were higher in adults. EC cell counts showed no difference in cell number, but EC cells were found in the crypts in neonatal and along the villi in adult tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SERT expression is low in neonates, and this is associated with high levels of free mucosal 5-HT and reduced metabolism. Postnatal maturation of 5-HT signaling may be important for development of neurohumoral control of intestinal motor reflexes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaochun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.forename: Bhavik
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Galligan
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Swain
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D007082:Ileum / Q000378:metabolism*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D008839:Microelectrodes; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium; D005473:Fluoxetine; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; D012701:Serotonin; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D013779:Tetrodotoxin