title: Retinal toxicity of indocyanine green.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a case of scattered toxicity of indocyanine green on the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) after indocyanine green (ICG) assisted membrane peeling for macular pucker.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 61-year-old woman was examined by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), 1 month and 1 year after ICG assisted membrane peeling for macular pucker.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the absence of significant fundoscopic changes, we have noted on FA and ICGA an occurrence of scattered unusual outer retinal and pigment epithelial changes at the 1- and the 12-month follow-up, probably due to the enhanced phototoxicity associated with the use of ICG at a high concentration (0.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retinal toxicity of ICG in macular surgery depends on many factors. In our patient, the retinal changes seem to have been caused by a combination of all the toxic factors. This is the first reported case describing both the angiographic and OCT patterns of diffuse scattered toxicity of ICG on outer retinal layers and pigment epithelium after ICG assisted membrane peeling for macular pucker.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Policlinico Riuniti di Foggia, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 1, Foggia 71100, Italy. giuseppe.querques@hotmail.it
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Querques
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prascina
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iaculli
authors.forename: Nicola Delle
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Noci
mesh_terms: D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000187:drug effects; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green