title: New approaches to physiological informatics in neurocritical care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A fundamental purpose of neurocritical care is the management of secondary brain injury. This is often accomplished by monitoring and managing individual patient parameters including physiological vital signs. Yet, the ability to record physiological data exceeds our ability to fully integrate it into patient care. We propose that advances in monitoring must be accompanied by advances in methods of high-frequency, multivariate data analysis that integrate the multiple processes occurring in critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe initial work in the emerging field of physiological informatics in critical care medicine. We analyzed data on 23 patients with brain injury from our Neurotrauma and Critical Care Database, which contains more than 20 physiological parameters recorded automatically at one-minute intervals via bedside monitors connected to standard personal computers. We performed exploratory data analysis, studied two patient cases in detail, and implemented a data-driven classification approach using hierarchical clustering.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we present challenges and opportunities for high-frequency multimodal monitoring to quantitatively detect secondary brain insults, and develop clustering methodology to construct multivariate physiological data "profiles" to classify patients for diagnosis and treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recording of many physiological variables across multiple patients is feasible and can lead to new clinical insights. Computational and analytical methods previously used primarily for basic science may have clinical relevance and can potentially be adapted to provide physicians with improved ability to integrate complex information for decision making in neurocritical care.
authors.affiliation: Program in Biological & Medical Informatics, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: Marco D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sorani
authors.forename: J Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hemphill
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morabito
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Geoffrey T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Manley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003422:Critical Care; D006801:Humans; D008491:Medical Informatics Applications; D008492:Medical Informatics Computing; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems