title: Medical students learning the pelvic examination: comparison of outcome in terms of skills between a professional patient and a clinical patient model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare two models of learning the pelvic examination (PE) for medical students, with professional patients (PP) or with clinical patients (CP), by measuring perceived distress and learning outcome in terms of skills.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective longitudinal study. Assessments of self-perceived distress on four occasions at the prospect of performing a PE. Evaluation of the learning session (LS) and clinical clerkship concerning outcome of palpation skills.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the LS, students in the PP model (PP students) received enough guidance from their coaches, were certain they had palpated the uterus and at least one ovary, and were less distressed afterwards compared with students who were instructed using the CP model (CP students). During the clinical clerkship, the PP students performed twice as many PEs as CP students did and had more often confirmed palpating the uterus and an ovary.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PP students were more skilful in palpating the uterus and ovaries and performed more PEs during the clinical clerkship than did CP students.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Engaging healthy and voluntary women as PPs takes time and effort. It is, however, worthwhile as it increases the confidence of students who perform PEs, makes them more competent, and ultimately improves their skills in performing the examination during their clinical clerkship.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, S-581 85 Linköping, Sweden. karin.siwe@lio.se
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Siwe
authors.forename: Klaas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wijma
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stjernquist
authors.forename: Barbro
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wijma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017145:Models, Educational; D010173:Palpation; D016544:Patient Simulation; D010388:Pelvis; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000592:standards*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*