title: Insecticide resistance status of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations from peach and tobacco in mainland Greece.
abstract: The susceptibility of 88 and 38 field samples of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) to imidacloprid and deltamethrin respectively was examined using the FAO dip test bioassay. The field samples were collected from tobacco and peach from various regions of Greece in the period from 2004 to 2006. In addition, 497, 349 and 370 clones originating from peach and tobacco were screened for the three known resistance mechanisms, elevated esterases, modified acetylcholinesterase (MACE) and knockdown resistance (kdr) respectively, using biochemical and DNA diagnostics. Most of the samples assayed with imidacloprid showed low resistance factors (RFs)-39% below 5 and 21% between 5 and 10. However, 9% of the samples (all from tobacco) showed relatively high RF values (24-73). Differences were found between crops, with higher RF values recorded in samples from tobacco than in those from peach. Bioassays with deltamethrin revealed the development of strong resistance in the populations examined. The RFs were mostly higher than 23, and in 29% of the samples they were extremely high (152-436). Finally, the three known resistance mechanisms were found in high frequencies in the populations examined, although some differences between crops and years were detected. The implications of the study for management schemes against M. persicae are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Str., 384 46 Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece. johnmargaritopoulos@yahoo.com
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Margaritopoulos
authors.forename: Panagiotis J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Skouras
authors.forename: Parthena
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nikolaidou
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manolikaki
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maritsa
authors.forename: Kiveli
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsamandani
authors.forename: Olympia M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Kanavaki
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bacandritsos
authors.forename: Kostas D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Zarpas
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tsitsipis
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism; D006115:Greece; D007093:Imidazoles; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D007306:Insecticides; D009154:Mutation; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009570:Nitriles; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D027861:Prunus / Q000469:parasitology; D011722:Pyrethrins; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009570:Nitriles; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017180:decamethrin; C082359:imidacloprid; D004950:Esterases; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase