title: Stabilization of an abutment under a rigidly fixed bridge by holographical-speckle interferometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are no detailed reports of three-dimensional measurement of abutment teeth in mastication, because it is knotty to observe the rotation in chewing directly, and inexact to estimate indirectly. This work studies the three-dimensional stability of rigidly fixed bridge under the stresses of distributed loads and concentrated loads by optical method that gives the tip angle and rotation angle calculated directly based on measurement data.
  
  
  METHODS
  The specimen, taken from a 25-year-old male, was a left mandible without the second premolars and the first molars. As abutments, first premolar and second molar have complete periodontium. The specimen was soaked in formaldehyde solution. The bridge was fixed between two abutment teeth (first premolars and second molars), and the mandible was cemented in a steel box. The load was increased from 0 kg to 23 kg. Laser holographic technique was used to measure the three-dimensional bit shift of the dens, both buccolingual bit shift and mesiodistal bit shift, and determine tip angle and rotation angle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effects of stress distribution on the rigidly fixed bridge were evaluated, and stabilization of the bridge under the stresses of distributed loads and concentrated loads, respectively, were analyzed. The results showed that the tips of two abutments were very similar, and no distinct difference was observed between the distributed load and the concentrated load. However, the maximum rotation angle for the distributed load was two to four times as large as that for the concentrated load. In the experiment, the tip angle of the abutment teeth was no more than 0.65 degree, and the rotation angle was no more than 0.60 degree. All maximum angles occurred in the second molar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fixed bridge is considered to be safe. In addition, a method for measuring the rotation angle was provided effectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. zyz85@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Yan-Zhen
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yan-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Yatani
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirofumi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003830:Denture, Partial, Fixed; D006801:Humans; D007368:Interferometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D012399:Rotation