title: MR imaging predictors of local control of glottic squamous cell carcinoma treated with radiation alone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate the prognostic significance of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-determined tumor parameters, especially the presence of cartilage invasion, regarding local control of glottic squamous cell carcinoma treated with radiation therapy (RT) alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed with the approval of our institutional review board; direct patient consent was waived. Pretreatment MR images of 118 patients aged 41-86 years (110 men, eight women) with glottic carcinoma treated with RT alone were reviewed for tumor involvement of specific laryngeal anatomic subsites (including laryngeal cartilage), tumor volume, and extralaryngeal tumor spread; these findings were compared with local control. Local control was defined as absence of a recurrence at the primary site for 2 years. Statistical significance of differences between curves for local control estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method was tested with log-rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results of univariate analysis showed all MR imaging-determined parameters to be significant predictors of local control rate, compared with clinical parameters where T classification and vocal cord mobility were the only significant parameters associated with local control. Multivariate analysis (Cox regression model) of clinical and radiologic parameters revealed that hypopharyngeal extension (P=.04) and intermediate T2 signal intensity (SI) in cartilage similar to tumor SI (P<.001) were independent prognostic factors with regard to local control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intermediate T2 SI in cartilage, which may suggest cartilage invasion, and hypopharyngeal extension of tumor, predict greater likelihood of local failure, whereas high T2 SI, which may suggest inflammatory tissue in cartilage, predicts lower likelihood of local failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Redina.Ljumanovic@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Redina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ljumanovic
authors.forename: Johannes A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Langendijk
authors.forename: Menno
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Wattingen
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schenk
authors.forename: Dirk L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Knol
authors.forename: C René
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Leemans
authors.forename: Jonas A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Castelijns
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D005931:Glottis / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D007817:Laryngeal Cartilages / Q000473:pathology; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome