title: Disposition kinetics and pharmacokinetics--pharmacodynamic integration of difloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from rabbits.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics of difloxacin were studied following intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC) and oral administration of 5mg/kg to healthy white New Zealand rabbits (n = 6). Difloxacin concentrations were determined by HPLC assay with fluorescence detection. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) assay of difloxacin against different strains of S. aureus from different european countries was performed in order to compute the main pharmacodynamic surrogate markers. The plasma difloxacin clearance (Cl) for the IV route was (mean +/- SD) 0.41 +/- 0.05 L/h kg. The steady-state volume of distribution (V(ss)) was 1.95 +/- 0.17 L/kg. The terminal half-life [Formula: see text] was (mean+/-SD) 4.19+/-0.34 h, 7.53 +/- 1.32 h and 8.00 +/- 0.45 h after IV, IM and oral, respectively. From this data, it seems that a 5 mg/kg dose difloxacin would be effective by SC and oral routes in rabbits against bacterial isolates with MIC0.1 microg/mL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernández-varón
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cárceles
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marín
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vancraeynest
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sotillo
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: García-Martínez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D011817:Rabbits; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; C047225:difloxacin