title: Carbamazepine parenteral nanoemulsions prepared by spontaneous emulsification process.
abstract: Carbamazepine (CBZ), a widely used anticonvulsant drug, is a poorly soluble drug with no parenteral treatment available for patients. This study was aimed at developing a nanoemulsion for CBZ intravenous delivery. The spontaneous emulsification method was used to prepare different formulations containing 2mg/mL CBZ. Likewise, a 2(2) full factorial experimental design was applied to study the influence of two independent variables (type of oil and type of lipophilic emulsifier) on emulsion physicochemical characteristics. The nanoemulsions were evaluated concerning droplet size, zeta potential, viscosity, drug content and association to oily phase. The formulation, which presented the best characteristics required for intravenous administration was selected and refined with respect to the lipophilic emulsifier content (increase from 5% to 6% of soy lecithin). This formulation was characterized and kept its properties in a satisfactory range over the evaluated period (3 months), i.e. droplet size around 150 nm, drug content around 95% and zeta potential around -40 mV. The transmission electron microscopy revealed emulsion droplets almost spherical in shape with an amorphous core, whereas the in vitro release profile assessed by dialysis bags demonstrated a release kinetics square root time dependent, with 95% of ca. having been released within 11h.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário-Trindade, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Bloco K, Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, sala 207, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Regina G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Kelmann
authors.forename: Gislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kuminek
authors.forename: Helder F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Letícia S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Koester
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002368:Castor Oil; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D017551:Microdialysis; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009821:Oils; D010316:Particle Size; D012995:Solubility; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients; D009821:Oils; D002220:Carbamazepine; D002368:Castor Oil