title: Significance of inflammatory pseudotumors in patients with a history of bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the significance of inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) in patients with a history of bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We surveyed our hospital database for patients who developed IPT during follow-up of bladder cancer. The original histologic blocks were reviewed and immunostained for vimentin, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK), and pancytokeratin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between the years 1988 and 2005, a total of 809 patients were registered in the database, and 16 patients (2%) developed IPT during follow-up. All patients had initial high-grade tumor. Immunostaining for vimentin was positive in all patients, ALK was negative in all patients, and pancytokeratin positive in only 2 patients. During follow-up, 12 patients (75%) developed tumor recurrence, 9 patients (56%) tumor progression, and 6 patients (37.5%) died of bladder cancer. Median period from the finding of IPT to tumor recurrence was 16 months, to progression 7 months, and to mortality 26 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding of IPT in a patient with a history of bladder cancer is associated with a high risk of tumor recurrence, progression, and cancer-related mortality. Second- and possibly third-look bladder biopsies should be considered. The unique characteristics of IPT in patients with a history of bladder cancer suggest that this is a separate disease entity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. ong1000@netvision.net.il
authors.forename: Ofer N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Gofrit
authors.forename: Dov
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pode
authors.forename: Amos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Kevin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Zorn
authors.forename: Galina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pizov
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006104:Granuloma, Plasma Cell / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D012307:Risk Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*