title: Population differences in elastin maturation in optic nerve head tissue and astrocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glaucomatous optic neuropathy is characterized by remodeling of the extracellular matrix with disorganization of elastic fibers in the optic nerve head (ONH). There are significant differences in prevalence of glaucomatous optic neuropathy between African Americans (AAs) and Caucasian Americans (CAs). The goal of this study was to evaluate differences in elastin synthesis and maturation in ONH tissue and cells of AA and CA donors with no eye disease, to provide a basis for underlying racial differences in susceptibility to elevated intraocular pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The amount of mature elastin in ONHs from each group of donors was evaluated by desmosine radioimmunoassay. The distribution of elastic fibers in ONH tissue was investigated by immunofluorescent staining. Elastin and lysyl oxidase mRNA levels and alternative splicing of elastin in ONH astrocytes were investigated by quantitative PCR. Tropoelastin protein expression was assessed by immunoblot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ONHs from AA donors had significantly reduced levels of desmosine compared with those of CAs. In contrast, elastin mRNA and tropoelastin synthesis were elevated in ONH astrocytes from AA individuals. The inclusion of exon 23 in elastin mRNA and lysyl oxidase-like 2 mRNA levels was significantly reduced in astrocytes from AA compared with CA donors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A reduced number of cross-linking domains in elastin and decreased lysyl oxidase-like 2 expression leads to decreased amount of mature elastin in ONHs from healthy AA individuals compared with CA donors. These results suggest ELN and LOXL2 as candidate susceptibility genes for population-specific genetic risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Agapova
authors.forename: Vishwanathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hucthagowder
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Barry C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Starcher
authors.forename: M Rosario
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hernandez
mesh_terms: D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D044383:Black People; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D004549:Elastin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000378:metabolism*; D008249:Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014019:Tissue Donors; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004549:Elastin; D008249:Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase