title: The effects of statin and fibrate on lowering small dense LDL- cholesterol in hyperlipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Small dense (sd)-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a potent atherogenic lipoprotein. The overall atherogenicity of this lipoprotein can be precisely assessed by quantifying sd-LDL rather than by measuring the LDL size. We studied the effects of representative lipid-lowering agents (statin and fibrate) on sd-LDL-cholesterol (C) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sd-LDL-C was measured by the precipitation method established by Hirano and Ito. Large buoyant (lb)-LDL-C was calculated by subtracting sd-LDL-C from LDL-C. Type 2 diabetes patients (n=72) were administered lipid-lowering agents for three months: patients with hypercholesterolemia received 1 mg of pitavastatin and those with hypertriglyceridemia received 100 mg of micronized fenofibrate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pitavastatin reduced LDL-C by 25% and reduced TG by 8%. The statin decreased sd-LDL-C by 26%, and lb-LDL-C by 22%. Fenofibrate reduced TG by 38% and increased HDL-C by 14%. The fibrate decreased sd-LDL-C by 23% without changing LDL-C. The pitavastatin-induced reduction of sd-LDL-C was significantly correlated with the reduction of LDL-C and apo B, whereas the fenofibrate-induced reduction of sd-LDL-C was correlated with the reduction of TG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both statin and fibrate reduce the potency of atherogenic sd-LDL particles, but via different mechanisms: the former decreases total-LDL including sd-LDL, while the latter decreases sd-LDL specifically.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tokuno
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Yusaku
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Yasuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adachi
mesh_terms: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D011345:Fenofibrate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017035:Pravastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; C019455:low density lipoprotein inhibitor; D017035:Pravastatin; D011345:Fenofibrate