title: Performance of severity of illness scoring systems in emergency department patients with infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate the Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis (MEDS) score, the Confusion, Urea nitrogen, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, 65 years of age and older (CURB-65) score, and a modified Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (mREMS) in patients with suspected infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective cohort study. Adult patients with clinically suspected infection admitted from December 10, 2003, to September 30, 2004, in an urban emergency department with approximately 50,000 annual visits were eligible. The MEDS and CURB-65 scores were calculated as originally described, but REMS was modified in neurologic scoring because a full Glasgow Coma Scale score was not uniformly available. Discrimination of each score was assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2,132 patients, 3.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.1% to 4.7%) died. Mortality stratified by the MEDS score was as follows: 0-4 points, 0.4% (95% CI = 0.0 to 0.7%); 5-7 points, 3.3% (95% CI = 1.7% to 4.9%); 8-12 points, 6.6% (95% CI = 4.4% to 8.8%); and > or = 13 points, 31.6% (95% CI = 22.4% to 40.8%). Mortality stratified by CURB-65 was as follows: 0 points, 0% (0 of 457 patients); 1 point, 1.6% (95% CI = 0.6% to 2.6%); 2 points, 4.1% (95% CI = 2.3% to 6.0%); 3 points, 4.9% (95% CI = 2.8% to 6.9%); 4 points, 18.1% (95% CI = 11.9% to 24.3%); and 5 points, 28.0% (95% CI = 10.4% to 45.6%). Mortality stratified by the mREMS was as follows: 0-2 points, 0.6% (95% CI = 0 to 1.2%); 3-5 points, 2.0% (95% CI = 0.8% to 3.1%); 6-8 points, 2.3% (95% CI = 1.1% to 3.5%); 9-11 points, 7.1% (95% CI = 4.2% to 10.1%); 12-14 points, 20.0% (95% CI = 12.5% to 27.5%); and > or = 15 points, 40.0% (95% CI = 22.5% to 57.5%). The AUCs were 0.85, 0.80, and 0.79 for MEDS, mREMS, and CURB-65, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this large cohort of patients with clinically suspected infection, MEDS, mREMS, and CURB-65 all correlated well with 28-day in-hospital mortality.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. mhowell@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Donnino
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Talmor
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clardy
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.forename: Nathan I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000379:methods; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006339:Heart Rate; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018805:Sepsis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014218:Triage; D014508:Urea / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014508:Urea