title: Replacement of fish oil with thraustochytrid Schizochytrium sp. L oil in Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar L) diets.
abstract: Replacing fish oil with that from a docosahexaenoic acid (22:6omega3, DHA) rich single cell micro-organism, thraustochytrid Schizochytrium sp. L, in diets for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was investigated. Four experimental diets containing 100% thraustochytrid oil (TO), 100% palm oil (PO) and a 4:1 palm and thraustochytrid oil mixture (MX) were compared to a fish oil (FO) diet over 9 weeks. A saltwater transfer challenge occurred at the end of the trial for 14 days to test the diet treatments on the ability of salmon to smolt. There were no significant differences in the feed consumption of the diets or the digestibility of the omega3 or omega6 PUFA, indicating no differences in the digestibility of fatty acids between diets. No significant differences were noted between the growth of fish on the four diet treatments. Significant differences were noted in the fatty acid profiles of the fish muscle tissues between all diets. Fish on the TO diet had a significantly greater percentage of DHA in muscle tissue compared with fish on all other diets. Blood osmolarity, which is inversely related to the ability of salmon to smolt, from the TO and FO fed fish was significantly lower than that of fish on the PO diet. This study showed that thraustochytrid oil can be used to replace fish oil in Atlantic salmon diets without detriment to the growth of parr. Including thraustochytrid oil in fish diets significantly increases the amount of DHA in Atlantic salmon muscle and therefore is a candidate for use in oil blends for salmon diets. Thraustochytrid oil provides a renewable source of essential fatty acids, in particular DHA, for aquafeeds.
authors.affiliation: School of Aquaculture, Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute, University of Tasmania (UTAS), Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia. matthew.miller@utas.edu.au
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: Chris G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Carter
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004063:Digestion; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000378:metabolism*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005398:Fisheries / Q000379:methods*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D012623:Seawater; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005395:Fish Oils; D010938:Plant Oils; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D000073878:Palm Oil