title: TGF-beta 1 regulates antigen-specific CD4+ T cell responses in the periphery.
abstract: T cell expansion typically is due to cognate interactions with specific Ag, although T cells can be experimentally activated through bystander mechanisms not involving specific Ag. TGF-beta1 knockout mice exhibit a striking expansion of CD4+ T cells in the liver by 11 days of age, accompanied by CD4+T cell-dependent necroinflammatory liver disease. To examine whether hepatic CD4+T cell expansion in TGF-beta1(-/-) mice is due to cognate TCR-peptide interactions, we used spectratype analysis to examine the diversity in TCR Vbeta repertoires in peripheral CD4+T cells. We reasoned that Ag-nonspecific T cell responses would yield spectratype profiles similar to those derived from control polyclonal T cell populations, whereas Ag-specific T cell responses would yield perturbed spectratype profiles. Spleen and liver CD4+T cells from 11-day-old TGF-beta1(-/-) mice characteristically exhibited highly perturbed nonpolyclonal distributions of TCR Vbeta CDR3 lengths, indicative of Ag-driven T cell responses. We quantitatively assessed spectratype perturbation to derive a spectratype complexity score. Spectratype complexity scores were considerably higher for TGF-beta1(-/-) CD4+ T cells than for TGF-beta1(+/-) CD4+T cells. TCR repertoire perturbations were apparent as early as postnatal day 3 and preceded both hepatic T cell expansion and liver damage. By contrast, TGF-beta1(-/-) CD4+ single-positive thymocytes from 11-day-old mice exhibited normal unbiased spectratype profiles. These results indicate that CD4+ T cells in TGF-beta1(-/-) mice are activated by and respond to self-Ags present in the periphery, and define a key role for TGF-beta1 in the peripheral regulation of Ag-specific CD4+ T cell responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Medical School, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gorham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015333:Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000276:immunology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1