title: Effects of dried distillers grains and equivalent undegradable intake protein or ether extract on performance and forage intake of heifers grazing smooth bromegrass pastures.
abstract: Crossbred heifers (n = 120; BW = 368 kg, SD = 39 kg) were used to determine effects of dried distillers grains (DDG) and relative contributions of undegradable intake protein (UIP) and fat (ether extract, EE) in DDG on ADG and forage intake (FI). Heifers rotationally grazed six 3.5-ha, smooth bromegrass paddocks (IVDMD = 65.7%, CP = 20.8%, UIP = 2.17%, DM basis). Heifers were blocked by previous ADG and allotted to treatments in a 3 x 3 + 1 factorial design. Factors were source and level of supplementation. Supplements were as follows: 1) DDG (UIP = 15.8%, EE = 9.67%), 2) corn gluten meal (CGM; UIP = 31.6%, EE = 0.83%), or 3) corn oil (OIL; UIP = 0.74%, EE = 19.3%). Amounts of DDG were 750, 1,500, or 2,250 g/d, whereas amounts of CGM and OIL were 375, 750, or 1,125 g/ d. Supplements containing CGM and OIL were fed in amounts that provided UIP and EE, respectively, equivalent to those of the DDG. Contrasts of interest were DDG vs. CGM and DDG vs. OIL. Control heifers were fed 250 g/d of a supplement containing corn bran and molasses (UIP = 0.92%, EE = 1.13%). Heifers were supplemented individually. Treatments were separated by regressing the response variables on grams of nutrient (DM, UIP, or EE) intake per kilogram of BW, because not all heifers consumed their allotment of supplement. Supplemental DDG resulted in a linear increase in ADG (P < 0.01), whereas CGM tended to increase ADG (P = 0.14) but at a rate that was 39% of that for DDG, representing a response to MP. Supplementation of OIL did not affect ADG (P = 0.25) and tended to result in ADG less than that of DDG (P = 0.09). Supplementation with DDG had no effect (P = 0.63) on FI when predicted by the use of chromic oxide but tended (P = 0.07) to decrease FI when it was predicted from ADG using NE equations. Despite the differences between methods in the significance of the effect of DDG, the rates of substitution agreed (-0.50 and -0.45 for chromic oxide and NE equations, respectively), suggesting that the chromic oxide method was less sensitive in assessing FI. Supplementation with CGM decreased FI (P < 0.01), but FI for CGM did not differ from that of DDG when the chromic oxide method was used (P = 0.19). Corn oil had no effect on FI (P = 0.42). Increased ADG and decreased FI observed from DDG supplementation is not independently explained by UIP or EE contained in DDG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Klopfenstein
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D031724:Bromus; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development*; D003314:Corn Oil; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004063:Digestion; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D002523:Edible Grain; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004986:Ether / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D011897:Random Allocation; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D004986:Ether; D003314:Corn Oil