title: Levosimendan allows detection of contractile reserve in patients with chronic ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction and non-diagnostic dobutamine echocardiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dobutamine echocardiography is commonly used to detect contractile reserve in ischaemic left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, although its sensitivity and specificity are not optimal. We tested the hypothesis that echocardiography with levosimendan could identify contractile reserve in patients with a non-diagnostic dobutamine test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients with LV ejection fraction <40% and non-diagnostic dobutamine echocardiography underwent levosimendan challenge (24 microg/kg in 10 min) prior to coronary angioplasty or surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contractile reserve was identified by levosimendan in 10 patients (Gr. A) but was not seen in 12 patients (Gr. B). With levosimendan, LV ejection fraction increased and wall motion score index decreased significantly in Gr. A, but only slightly in Gr. B. Similarly, mean mitral annular plane excursion and peak systolic mitral annular motion velocity increased significantly in Gr. A only. Six months after revascularisation, contractile reserve was seen in 8/10 Gr. A patients but in only 2/12 Gr. B patients (80% vs 17%, p=0.011). LV ejection fraction, wall motion score index, mean mitral annular plane excursion and peak systolic mitral annular motion velocity were significantly higher in Gr. A than in Gr. B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levosimendan echocardiography can identify contractile reserve in a sizeable proportion of patients with chronic ischaemic LV dysfunction and a non-diagnostic dobutamine test.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy. c.cianfrocca@mclink.it
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cianfrocca
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pelliccia
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Auriti
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guido
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pasceri
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Richichi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mercuro
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santini
mesh_terms: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004280:Dobutamine; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006835:Hydrazones; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D011724:Pyridazines; D000077464:Simendan; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D006835:Hydrazones; D011724:Pyridazines; D000077464:Simendan; D004280:Dobutamine