title: Diastolic function assessment in clinical practice: the value of 2-dimensional echocardiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that diastolic dysfunction associated with increased filling pressures is unlikely in a structurally normal heart and to assess whether 2-dimensional echocardiography can facilitate diastolic function grading in a clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients referred for transthoracic echocardiography received a comprehensive Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of diastolic function and measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) by biplane Simpson's method, left atrial volume index (LAVI) by area-length method, and interventricular septal thickness (IVS) from 2-dimensional images. Patients with atrial fibrillation, cardiac pacemaker, severe mitral regurgitation, or mitral prosthesis were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 187 patients, 38 had normal diastolic function and 77 had grade I; 54, grade II; and 18, grade III diastolic dysfunction. The presence of any 2-dimensional abnormality (EF < 55%, IVS > or = 14 mm, LAVI > or = 40 mL/m2) identified any diastolic dysfunction (grade I-III) with 92.6% sensitivity and 92.1% specificity. In a receiver operating characteristic analysis to predict any diastolic dysfunction, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for EF, IVS, and LAVI and the sum of all 3 abnormalities were 0.69, 0.81, 0.87, and 0.95 (all P < .0001), respectively. Among all patients with at least one abnormality, the probability of diastolic dysfunction was 97.9% (138/141). Interpretation of 2-dimensional abnormalities together with the mitral inflow pattern resulted in correct diastolic function grading in 98.4% (184/187).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Structural abnormalities on 2-dimensional echocardiography are not only statistically associated with diastolic dysfunction, but the combination of LAVI, EF, and IVS is of practical value for diastolic function grading. The presence of any such 2-dimensional abnormality should be considered indicative of diastolic dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. osranek.martin@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osranek
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Seward
authors.forename: Beatrix
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buschenreithner
authors.forename: Jutta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergler-Klein
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heger
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Klaar
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zehetgruber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D018754:Ventricular Dysfunction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*