title: Eating out of home and its correlates in 10 European countries. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the average out-of-home (OH) consumption of foods and beverages, as well as energy intake, among populations from 10 European countries and to describe the characteristics of substantial OH eaters, as defined for the purpose of the present study, in comparison to other individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study. Dietary data were collected through single 24-hour dietary recalls, in which the place of consumption was recorded. For the present study, substantial OH eaters were defined as those who consumed more than 25% of total daily energy intake at locations other than the household premises. Mean dietary intakes and the proportion of substantial OH eaters are presented by food group and country. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the odds of being a substantial OH eater in comparison to not being one, using mutually adjusted possible non-dietary determinants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten European countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 34 270 individuals, 12 537 men and 21 733 women, aged 35-74 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fraction of energy intake during OH eating was generally higher in northern European countries than in the southern ones. Among the food and beverage groups, those selectively consumed outside the home were coffee/tea/waters and sweets and, to a lesser extent, cereals, meats, added lipids and vegetables. Substantial OH eating was positively associated with energy intake and inversely associated with age and physical activity. Substantial OH eating was less common among the less educated compared with the more educated, and more common during weekdays in central and north Europe and during the weekend in south Europe.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eating outside the home was associated with sedentary lifestyle and increased energy intake; it was more common among the young and concerned in particular coffee/tea/waters and sweets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens Medical School, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Athens 11527, Greece.
authors.forename: Philippos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Orfanos
authors.forename: Androniki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naska
authors.forename: Dimitrios
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authors.lastname: Trichopoulos
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Slimani
authors.forename: Pietro
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authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Marit
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authors.lastname: van Bakel
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deharveng
authors.forename: Kim
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authors.lastname: Overvad
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjønneland
authors.forename: Jytte
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halkjaer
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santucci de Magistris
authors.forename: Rosario
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authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pala
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sacerdote
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Masala
authors.forename: Guri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Skeie
authors.forename: Dagrun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Engeset
authors.forename: Eiliv
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jakszyn
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barricarte
authors.forename: Maria-Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Chirlaque
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martinez-Garcia
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amiano
authors.forename: J Ramon
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Quirós
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.forename: Ailsa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Key
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rohrmann
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linseisen
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boeing
authors.forename: Petra H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: H Bas
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors.forename: Marga
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ocke
authors.forename: Ingegerd
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manjer
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boutron-Ruault
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Touvier
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Clavel-Chapelon
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001628:Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D012147:Restaurants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*