title: [Application of atlas pedicle screw system fixation and fusion for treatment of upper cervical disease].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the feasibilities, methods, outcomes and indications of atlas pedicle screw system fixation and fusion for the treatment of upper cervical diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  From October 2004 to January 2006, 17 patients with upper cervical diseases were treated with atlas pedicle screw system fixation and fusion. There were 13 males and 4 females, ageing 19 to 52 years. Of 17 cases, there were 14 cases of atlantoaxial dislocation (including 3 cases of congenital odontoid disconnection,4 cases of old odontoid fracture, 2 cases of new odontoid fracture (type II C), 3 cases of rupture of the transverse ligament, and 2 cases of atlas fracture; 2 cases of tumor of C2; 1 case of giant neurilemoma of C2.3 with instability after the resection of tumors. JOA score before operation was 8.3+/-3.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operative time and bleeding amount were 2.7 hours (2.1-3.4 hours) and 490 ml (300-750 ml) respectively. No injuries to the vertebral artery and spinal cord were observed. The medial-superior cortex of lateral mass was penetrated by 1 C1 screw approximately 3 mm without affecting occipito-atlantal motions. All patients were followed up 3-18 months. The clinical symptoms were improved in some extents and the screws were verified to be in a proper position, no breakage or loosening of screw and rob occurred. All patients achieved a solid bone fusion after 3-6 months. JOA score 3 months after operation was 14.6+/-2.2. JOA improvement rates were 73%-91% (mean 82%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The atlas pedicle screw system fixation and fusion is feasible for the treatment of upper cervical diseases and has better outcomes, wider indications if conducted properly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning, 110004, P. R. China. lj-1217@163.com
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shaoqian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001858:Bone Nails; D001863:Bone Screws; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D001270:Cervical Atlas / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000601:surgery; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult