title: Startup of reactors for anoxic ammonium oxidation: experiences from the first full-scale anammox reactor in Rotterdam.
abstract: The first full-scale anammox reactor in the world was started in Rotterdam (NL). The reactor was scaled-up directly from laboratory-scale to full-scale and treats up to 750 kg-N/d. In the initial phase of the startup, anammox conversions could not be identified by traditional methods, but quantitative PCR proved to be a reliable indicator for growth of the anammox population, indicating an anammox doubling time of 10-12 days. The experience gained during this first startup in combination with the availability of seed sludge from this reactor, will lead to a faster startup of anammox reactors in the future. The anammox reactor type employed in Rotterdam was compared to other reactor types for the anammox process. Reactors with a high specific surface area like the granular sludge reactor employed in Rotterdam provide the highest volumetric loading rates. Mass transfer of nitrite into the biofilm is limiting the conversion of those reactor types that have a lower specific surface area. Now the first full-scale commercial anammox reactor is in operation, a consistent and descriptive nomenclature is suggested for reactors in which the anammox process is employed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628BC Delft, The Netherlands. W.R.L.vanderStar@tudelft.nl
authors.forename: Wouter R L
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: van der Star
authors.forename: Wiebe R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Abma
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blommers
authors.forename: Jan-Willem
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tokutomi
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strous
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Picioreanu
authors.forename: Mark C M
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: van Loosdrecht
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015342:DNA Probes; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D010100:Oxygen