title: Biophysical parameters of skin: map of human face, regional, and age-related differences.
abstract: The face showed anatomical variation on reaction to chemicals, which could be related to differences in biophysical specificities of the skin. The aim of this study was to establish a map of the face for 6 biophysical parameters.10 young human volunteers (24-34 years) and 10 old volunteers (66-83 years) were studied to prepare a map of the human face based on regional variations and age-related differences by measuring various biophysical parameters. 7 locations on the face, neck, and forearm were investigated. Skin blood flow, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration (capacitance), temperature, pH, and sebum content of the skin surface were measured. In both groups, skin blood flow in the nose showed the highest value. Perioral and nasolabial areas showed the highest TEWL values. The neck showed the highest capacitance value. The highest skin temperature was detected in the neck in the young group and in the nasolabial area in the old group. The chin showed the most alkaline pH in both groups. Nasolabial area showed the highest sebum content in the young group, as did the chin in the old group. These baseline values provide a framework to build on for ascertaining disease and intervention-related effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0989, USA.
authors.forename: Slaheddine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marrakchi
authors.forename: Howard I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Maibach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005145:Face / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D009333:Neck / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012629:Sebum; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D012881:Skin Temperature; D014870:Water Loss, Insensible