title: A new murine model for bronchiolitis obliterans post-bone marrow transplant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a major problem in lung transplantation and is also part of the spectrum of late-onset pulmonary complications that can occur after hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Better mouse models are needed to study the onset of this disease so that therapeutic interventions can be developed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to develop a BO mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recipients were lethally conditioned and given a rescue dose of T-cell-depleted, allogeneic bone marrow (BM) supplemented with a sublethal dose of allogeneic T cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 2 months post-BM transplant, the lungs had extensive perivascular and peribronchiolar inflammation consisting of CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and fibroblasts. In contrast to the acute model, histology showed airway obstruction consistent with BO. Epithelial cells of airways in the early stages of occlusion exhibited changes in expression of cytokeratins. Although the lung had severe allogeneic BM transplant-mediated disease, there was only mild to moderate graft-versus-host disease in liver, colon, skin, and spleen. High wet/dry weight ratios and elevated hydroxyproline were seen, consistent with pulmonary edema and fibrosis. Mice with BO exhibited high airway resistance and low compliance. Increases in many inflammatory mediators in the lungs of mice that develop BO were seen early post-transplant and not later at the time of BO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This new mouse model will be useful for the study of BO associated with late post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant onset and chronic graft-versus-host disease, which also leads to poor outcome in the lung transplant setting.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. panos001@umn.edu
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panoskaltsis-Mortari
authors.forename: Kevin V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Tram
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Christine H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wendt
authors.forename: Bruce R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Blazar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D006909:Hydroxyproline