Aflatoxin exposure in utero causes growth faltering in Gambian infants.
BACKGROUND
Growth faltering in West African children has previously been associated with dietary exposure to aflatoxins, particularly upon weaning. However, in animal studies in utero exposure to low levels of aflatoxin also results in growth faltering.


OBJECTIVE
This study investigated the effect of in utero aflatoxin exposure on infant growth in the first year of life in The Gambia.


METHODS
Height and weight were measured for 138 infants at birth and at regular monthly intervals for one year. Aflatoxin-albumin (AF-alb) adduct level was measured in maternal blood during pregnancy, in cord blood and in infants at age 16 weeks.


RESULTS
The geometric mean AF-alb levels were 40.4 pg/mg (range 4.8-260.8 pg/mg), 10.1 pg/mg (range 5.0-189.6 pg/mg) and 8.7 pg/mg (range 5.0-30.2 pg/mg) in maternal, cord and infant blood, respectively. AF-alb in maternal blood was a strong predictor of both weight (P = 0.012) and height (P = 0.044) gain, with lower gain in those with higher exposure. A reduction of maternal AF-alb from 110 pg/mg to 10 pg/mg would lead to a 0.8 kg increase in weight and 2 cm increase in height within the first year of life.


CONCLUSIONS
This study shows a strong effect of maternal aflatoxin exposure during pregnancy on growth in the first year of life and thus extends earlier observations of an association between aflatoxin exposure during infancy and growth faltering. The findings imply value in targeting intervention strategies at early life exposures.
Turner
Paul C
PC
Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT.
Collinson
Andrew C
AC
Cheung
Yin Bun
YB
Gong
Yunyun
Y
Hall
Andrew J
AJ
Prentice
Andrew M
AM
Wild
Christopher P
CP
D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D000418:Albumins; D000886:Anthropometry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005714:Gambia; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000196:embryology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D015430:Weight Gain
D000348:Aflatoxins; D000418:Albumins; D015415:Biomarkers; C098408:aflatoxin-albumin adduct