title: Self-administered instruments to measure cultural competence of health professionals: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tools that measure knowledge, attitudes, and skills reflecting cultural competence of health professionals have not been comprehensively identified, described, or critiqued.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We systematically reviewed English-language articles published from 1980 through June 2003 that evaluated the effectiveness of cultural competence curricula targeted at health professionals by using at least one self-administered tool. We abstracted information about targeted providers, evaluation methods, curricular content, and the psychometric properties of each tool. We included 45 articles in our review. A total of 45 unique instruments (32 learner self-assessments, 13 written exams) were used in the 45 articles. One third (15/45) of the tools had demonstrated either validity or reliability, and only 13% (6/45) had demonstrated both reliability and validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most studies of cultural competence training used self-administered tools that have not been validated. The results of cultural competence training could be interpreted more accurately if validated tools were used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Aysegul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gozu
authors.forename: Mary Catherine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Beach
authors.forename: Eboni G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Tiffany L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Gary
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palacio
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smarth
authors.forename: Mollie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jenckes
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feuerstein
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Bass
authors.forename: Neil R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Powe
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D018864:Cultural Diversity; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D011361:Professional Competence; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires