title: Enoxaparin vs. unfractionated heparin for anticoagulation during continuous veno-venous hemofiltration: a randomized controlled crossover study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the low molecular weight heparin enoxaparin as anticoagulant in continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) compared with unfractionated heparin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized controlled crossover study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty consecutive adult medical and surgical ICU patients with normal anticoagulation parameters requiring CVVH.
  
  
  METHODS
  CVVH was performed with pre-filter fluid replacement at 2500 ml/h and blood flow rates of 180 ml/min. Heparin-treated patients received an initial pre-filter bolus of 30 IU/kg and a maintenance infusion at 7 units/kg h(-1), titrated to achieve a systemic activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of 40-45 s. Enoxaparin-treated patients received an initial pre-filter bolus of 0.15 mg/kg and a maintenance infusion starting at 0.05 mg/kg h(-1), which was subsequently adjusted to maintain systemic anti-factor Xa activity (anti-Xa) at 0.25-0.30 IU/ml. Each patient received both regimens in a crossover design. Maximum treatment duration for each set was 72 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients included had a mean APACHE II score of 22 (10-35). Thirty-seven patients completed both study arms. Mean filter life span was 21.7 h (+/- 16.9 h) for heparin and 30.6 h (+/- 25.3) for enoxaparin (p = 0.017, ANOVA for repeated measures). One major bleeding episode occurred during heparin as well as during enoxaparin treatment. Cost analysis showed average daily costs of 270 and 240 euro for heparin and enoxaparin, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enoxaparin can be safely used for anticoagulation during CVVH resulting in higher filter lifespan compared with unfractionated heparin.
authors.affiliation: Medical University Innsbruck, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Michael.Joannidis@i-med.ac.at
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joannidis
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kountchev
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rauchenzauner
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schusterschitz
authors.forename: Hanno
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ulmer
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mayr
authors.forename: Romuald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellmann
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006440:Hemofiltration / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006493:Heparin / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D006493:Heparin