title: When distraction is not distracting: a behavioral and ERP study on distraction in ADHD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although an increased distractibility is one of the behavioral criteria of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), there is little empirical evidence that children with ADHD are in fact more distractible than their normal peers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) to distracting novel sounds (novels) and standard sounds, (standards) while children performed a visual two-choice reaction time task. Twenty-five children with ADHD were compared with eighteen normal controls (aged 8-12 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with ADHD showed a larger early P3a (150-250 ms), both in response to the standard and in response to the novel. The late phase of the P3a had a larger amplitude in the ADHD group in the 250-300 ms window compared to the control group, which was only present in response to the novel. Interestingly, the novel reduced the errors of omission in the ADHD group to a greater extent than in the normal control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although children with ADHD show an increased orienting response to novels, this distracting information can enhance their performance temporarily, possibly by increasing their arousal to an optimal level, as indicated by the reduced omission rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that distraction is not always distracting in children with ADHD and that distraction can also have beneficial effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands. R.van.mourik@psy.vu.nl
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Mourik
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oosterlaan
authors.forename: Dirk J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Heslenfeld
authors.forename: Claudia E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Konig
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sergeant
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002755:Choice Behavior; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time