title: Activity and post antifungal effect of chlorpromazine and trifluopherazine against Aspergillus, Scedosporium and zygomycetes.
abstract: The phenothiazine compounds chlorpromazine and trifluopherazine are antipsychotic agents that exhibit antimicrobial activity against bacteria, some protozoa and yeasts. Data of activity against filamentous fungi are lacking. The in vitro activity and postantifungal effect (PAFE) of chlorpromazine and trifluopherazine was determined against Aspergillus species, zygomycetes and Scedosporium species. In vitro susceptibility testing was performed with CLSI M38A and the PAFE was determined with previously established methods. Both drugs inhibited the growth of all fungi tested at concentrations of 16 to 64 microg ml(-1). For Aspergillus species the mean PAFE was 3.7 and 4.7 h; for zygomycetes, 3.1 and 3.4 h; for Scedosporium, 4.3 and 5.3 h for chlorpromazine and trifluoroperazine respectively. These are the first drugs shown to induce PAFE against Scedosporium. We show that phenothiazine compounds have in vitro antifungal activity and exhibit PAFE against a broad range of filamentous fungal pathogens. Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, further studies are needed to explore the clinical usefulness of phenothiazine compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Roxana G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Afeltra
authors.forename: Jacques F G M
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Meis
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Verweij
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000187:drug effects*; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D021681:Scedosporium / Q000187:drug effects*; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014268:Trifluoperazine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D014268:Trifluoperazine; D002746:Chlorpromazine