title: Underresourced hospital infection control and prevention programs: penny wise, pound foolish?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the cost of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in a network of 28 community hospitals and to compare this sum to the amount budgeted for infection control programs at each institution and for the entire network.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed literature published since 1985 to estimate costs for specific HAIs. Using these estimates, we determined the costs attributable to specific HAIs in a network of 28 hospitals during a 1-year period (January 1 through December 31, 2004). Cost-saving models based on reductions in HAIs were calculated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight community hospitals in the southeastern region of the United States.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The weight-adjusted mean cost estimates for HAIs were $25,072 per episode of ventilator-associated pneumonia, $23,242 per nosocomial blood stream infection, $10,443 per surgical site infection, and $758 per catheter-associated urinary tract infection. The median annual cost of HAIs per hospital was $594,683 (interquartile range [IQR], $299,057-$1,287,499). The total annual cost of HAIs for the 28 hospitals was greater than $26 million. Hospitals budgeted a median of $129,000 (IQR, $92,500-$200,000) for infection control; the median annual cost of HAIs was 4.6 (IQR, 3.4-8.0) times the amount budgeted for infection control. An annual reduction in HAIs of 25% could save each hospital a median of $148,667 (IQR, $74,763-$296,861) and could save the group of hospitals more than $6.5 million.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The economic cost of HAIs in our group of 28 study hospitals was enormous. In the modern age of infection control and patient safety, the cost-control ratio will become the key component of successful infection control programs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA. dja@duke.edu
authors.forename: Deverick J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Kathryn B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kirkland
authors.forename: Keith S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Thacker
authors.forename: Zeina A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Kanafani
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Auten
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sexton
mesh_terms: D002017:Budgets; D017046:Cost Savings; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006764:Hospitals, Community / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards