title: Benefits of complementary therapy with insulin aspart versus human regular insulin in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Absorption rates of the phosphate-buffered insulin analogs aspart, lispro, and glulisine prevail over that of regular human insulin. The aim of this prospective observational open-label controlled study was to compare the effects of aspart and human regular insulin resulting from their sequential long-lasting routine administration in small preprandial boluses to individuals with type 2 diabetes according to identical algorithms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven individuals with type 2 diabetes 64.0 +/- 1.29 (mean +/- SE) years old with diabetes' duration of 12.4 +/- 1.06 years, treated with human regular insulin for 5.2 +/- 0.44 years, and a serum C-peptide level of 1.1 +/- 0.10 nmol/L were enrolled into the study. Following two checkups performed in the course of the 364 +/- 17.9-day baseline period, human regular insulin was replaced with aspart in equivalent boluses, and two checkups in the course of 330 +/- 11.1-day sequential period were performed. The control group consisted of 17 individuals with type 2 diabetes 68.4 +/- 2.36 years old with diabetes' duration of 9.9 +/- 1.57 years, treated with insulin for 4.2 +/- 0.57 years, and a C-peptide level of 1.1 +/- 0.11 nmol/L. Data were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS version 10.1. (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following the switch from human regular insulin to aspart, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) decreased from 8.4 +/- 0.23% at baseline to 7.9 +/- 0.17% (P = 0.031), and thereafter to 7.5 +/- 0.20% (P < 0.001), while plasma glucose concentrations in 10-point profiles, daily insulin dose (37.1 +/- 1.39 IU/day), body mass index (BMI) (30.5 +/- 0.82 kg/m(2)), and frequency of hypo- and hyperglycemic episodes did not change (P > 0.05). Patients quote satisfaction was good. No adverse events were recorded. In the control group, no significant change of baseline HbA1c (8.4 +/- 0.54%), insulin dose (33.1 +/- 3.17 IU/day), and BMI (32.1 +/- 1.12 kg/m(2)) was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aspart appears to be more effective than human regular insulin for complementary insulin treatment in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology, Department of Medicine, Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic. rudolf.chlup@fnol.cz
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chlup
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zapletalová
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seckar
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Malá
authors.forename: Blanka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Doubravová
authors.forename: Svatava
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Táncosová
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chlupová
authors.forename: Libor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pukowietz
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zatloukal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061267:Insulin Aspart; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D061267:Insulin Aspart; D008055:Lipids