title: A MELAS-associated ND1 mutation causing leber hereditary optic neuropathy and spastic dystonia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a novel mutation that is associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) within the same family affected by spastic dystonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Leber hereditary optic neuropathy is a mitochondrial disorder characterized by isolated central visual loss. Of patients with LHON, 95% carry a mutation in 1 of 3 mitochondrial DNA-encoded complex I genes. The complete mitochondrial DNA was screened for mutations in a patient with LHON without 1 of these 3 primary mutations. The heteroplasmy level and biochemical consequence of the mutation were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A pathogenic 3697G>A/ND1 mutation was detected and seemed associated with an isolated complex I deficiency. This family has similar clinical characteristics as the previously described families with LHON and dystonia with an ND6 mutation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3697G>A/ND1 mitochondrial DNA mutation causes the LHON and spastic dystonia phenotype in the same family. This mutation can also cause MELAS syndrome (which encompasses mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke), and other genetic factors may contribute to the clinical expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Maastricht, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Liesbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spruijt
authors.forename: Hubert J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Smeets
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hendrickx
authors.forename: Marijke Wefers
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Bettink-Remeijer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maat-Kievit
authors.forename: Kees C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Schoonderwoerd
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sluiter
authors.forename: Ireneaus F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: de Coo
authors.forename: Rogier Q
authors.initials: RQ
authors.lastname: Hintzen
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine; D000328:Adult; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D004421:Dystonia / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006147:Guanine; D006801:Humans; D017241:MELAS Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D029242:Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D006147:Guanine; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase; C515075:NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, human; D000225:Adenine