title: An association between socioeconomic, health and health behavioural indicators and fractures in young adult males.
abstract: The aim of this survey study with 7,083 male respondents was to examine the association between socioeconomic, health and health behavioural risk indicators and fractures. In the multivariate regression model, fractures were associated strongest with frequency of drunkenness, regular sports training, frequent use of health care services and obesity.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the risk factors for fractures in young adults. Our aim was to identify the association between socioeconomic background, health and health behaviours and fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The survey sample comprised 7,378 conscript males (median age 19), of which 7,083 (96%) answered. The outcome was self-reported fracture. Associations between 20 background variables and fractures were analysed with logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Altogether 2,456 (34.7%) participants reported fracture(s) during their lifetime. The most common anatomical locations of fracture were the forearm, the hand and the ankle. The strongest risk indicators for fractures were frequent drunkenness (OR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3-2.0), regular sports training (OR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.3-1.9), frequent use of health care services (OR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.3-1.8) and obesity (OR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2-1.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is among the first studies to describe risk indicators for fractures in young adults. The strongest risk factors for fractures were associated with health damaging behaviour, high-intensity physical activity and use of health care services. Of socioeconomic background factors, only living in the capital city area was associated with fractures. Preventive measures should be targeted at the males frequently using health care services or actively participating in sports.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Military Medicine, Lahti, Finland. Ville.Mattila@uta.fi
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Mattila
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jormanainen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sahi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pihlajamäki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000150:complications; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004522:Educational Status; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data