title: Evaporative cooling feature selection for genotypic data involving interactions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development of genome-wide capabilities for genotyping has led to the practical problem of identifying the minimum subset of genetic variants relevant to the classification of a phenotype. This challenge is especially difficult in the presence of attribute interactions, noise and small sample size.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analogous to the physical mechanism of evaporation, we introduce an evaporative cooling (EC) feature selection algorithm that seeks to obtain a subset of attributes with the optimum information temperature (i.e. the least noise). EC uses an attribute quality measure analogous to thermodynamic free energy that combines Relief-F and mutual information to evaporate (i.e. remove) noise features, leaving behind a subset of attributes that contain DNA sequence variations associated with a given phenotype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EC is able to identify functional sequence variations that involve interactions (epistasis) between other sequence variations that influence their association with the phenotype. This ability is demonstrated on simulated genotypic data with attribute interactions and on real genotypic data from individuals who experienced adverse events following smallpox vaccination. The EC formalism allows us to combine information entropy, energy and temperature into a single information free energy attribute quality measure that balances interaction and main effects.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Open source software, written in Java, is freely available upon request.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. brett.mckinney@gmail.com
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: McKinney
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Reif
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005838:Genotype; D008957:Models, Genetic; D015233:Models, Statistical; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*