title: Microwave ablation with multiple simultaneously powered small-gauge triaxial antennas: results from an in vivo swine liver model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively investigate the ability of a single generator to power multiple small-diameter antennas and create large zones of ablation in an in vivo swine liver model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen female domestic swine (mean weight, 70 kg) were used for the study as approved by the animal care and use committee. A single generator was used to simultaneously power three triaxial antennas at 55 W per antenna for 10 minutes in three groups: a control group where antennas were spaced to eliminate ablation zone overlap (n=6; 18 individual zones of ablation) and experimental groups where antennas were spaced 2.5 cm (n=7) or 3.0 cm (n=5) apart. Animals were euthanized after ablation, and ablation zones were sectioned and measured. A mixed linear model was used to test for differences in size and circularity among groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (+/-standard deviation) cross-sectional areas of multiple-antenna zones of ablation at 2.5- and 3.0-cm spacing (26.6 cm(2) +/- 9.7 and 32.2 cm(2) +/- 8.1, respectively) were significantly larger than individual ablation zones created with single antennas (6.76 cm(2) +/- 2.8, P<.001) and were 31% (2.5-cm spacing group: multiple antenna mean area, 26.6 cm(2); 3 x single antenna mean area, 20.28 cm(2)) to 59% (3.0-cm spacing group: multiple antenna mean area, 32.2 cm(2); 3 x single antenna mean area, 20.28 cm(2)) larger than 3 times the mean area of the single-antenna zones. Zones of ablation were found to be very circular, and vessels as large as 1.1 cm were completely coagulated with multiple antennas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single generator may effectively deliver microwave power to multiple antennas. Large volumes of tissue may be ablated and large vessels coagulated with multiple-antenna ablation in the same time as single-antenna ablation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252, USA. clbrace@wisc.edu
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Brace
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Laeseke
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: Tina M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: van der Weide
authors.forename: Fred T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D016014:Linear Models; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008872:Microwaves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023421:Models, Animal; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors