title: Improved rejection of multiply scattered photons in confocal microscopy using dual-axes architecture.
abstract: We perform Monte Carlo simulations to show that the dual-axes (DA) confocal architecture has superior rejection of multiply scattered photons in tissue to that of single axis. As a result, the DA configuration provides improved signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range, and thus is sensitive to ballistic photons from deeper within tissue, features that are particularly useful for performing vertical cross-sectional reflectance images in tissue.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University, CA 94305, USA. lkcwong@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Larry K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mandella
authors.forename: Gordon S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kino
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D016880:Anisotropy; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D004867:Equipment Design; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015233:Models, Statistical; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D017785:Photons; D012542:Scattering, Radiation