title: Hydrogen symbioses in evolution and disease.
abstract: Hydrogen is the source of energy that unites the metabolisms and fuels the innovative potentials of all living organisms. Autotrophs use hydrogen emitted into hydrothermal vents, where symbiotic communities that share hydrogen thrive. On the surface, life developed using photons to cleave water, releasing hydrogen carried into a reverse Krebs cycle to produce carbohydrates, from which hydrogen and its constituent electron and proton are extracted. Fluctuant electrogenic power is harnessed by extensive exchanges and symbiotic sharing schemes of hydrogen sources and carriers. These communicate with electrostatic nuclear centres, forming a positive feedback loop. If the proton-motive circuitry fails from loss of Redox potential, premature ageing and all-category disease can result.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK. adrian.williams@uhb.nhs.uk
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Ramsden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D017753:Ecosystem; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006859:Hydrogen