title: Innate immunity glycoprotein gp-340 variants may modulate human susceptibility to dental caries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bacterial adhesion is an important determinant of colonization and infection, including dental caries. The salivary scavenger receptor cysteine-rich glycoprotein gp-340, which mediates adhesion of Streptococcus mutans (implicated in caries), harbours three major size variants, designated gp-340 I to III, each specific to an individual saliva. Here we have examined the association of the gp-340 I to III polymorphisms with caries experience and adhesion of S. mutans.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-referent study was performed in 12-year-old Swedish children with high (n = 19) or low (n = 19) caries experiences. We measured the gp-340 I to III saliva phenotypes and correlated those with multiple outcome measures for caries experience and saliva adhesion of S. mutans using the partial least squares (PLS) multivariate projection technique. In addition, we used traditional statistics and 2-year caries increment to verify the established PLS associations, and bacterial adhesion to purified gp-340 I to III proteins to support possible mechanisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All except one subject were typed as gp-340 I to III (10, 23 and 4, respectively). The gp-340 I phenotype correlated positively with caries experience (VIP = 1.37) and saliva adhesion of S. mutans Ingbritt (VIP = 1.47). The gp-340 II and III phenotypes tended to behave in the opposite way. Moreover, the gp-340 I phenotype tended to show an increased 2-year caries increment compared to phenotypes II/III. Purified gp-340 I protein mediated markedly higher adhesion of S. mutans strains Ingbritt and NG8 and Lactococcus lactis expressing AgI/II adhesins (SpaP or PAc) compared to gp-340 II and III proteins. In addition, the gp-340 I protein appeared over represented in subjects positive for Db, an allelic acidic PRP variant associated with caries, and subjects positive for both gp-340 I and Db tended to experience more caries than those negative for both proteins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gp-340 I behaves as a caries susceptibility protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Odontology/Cariology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. anette.jonasson@odont.umu.se <anette.jonasson@odont.umu.se>
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jonasson
authors.forename: Christer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Howard F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Jenkinson
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Källestål
authors.forename: Ingegerd
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Nicklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Strömberg
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003733:Dental Caries Susceptibility / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011336:Probability; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; C116303:glycoprotein 340