title: The influence of 2 condensation techniques on the marginal seal of packable resin composite restorations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of manual condensation versus a combination of manual and mechanical, or automatic, condensation on the gingival marginal seal of packable resin composite restorations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two packable composites, Pyramid Dentin (Bisco Dental) and Filtek P-60 (3M Espe), were tested. The study consisted of 37 extracted caries-free human molars and premolars. In each tooth, 2 standardized Class 2 cavities were prepared and restored using the incremental technique; the mesial restoration was condensed by hand instrument, and the distal by a combination of the manual and mechanical condenser (KaVo). Restored teeth were subjected to automatic thermal stresses and cycling load stresses. Teeth were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin at 37 degrees C for 96 hours. Samples were sectioned mesiodistally in 3 sections. Dye penetration at the gingival margin was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Automatic condensation of Filtek P-60 and Pyramid demonstrated better sealing properties, with a median dye penetration of 0 and 1, respectively (on a dye penetration scale of 0 to 3), compared to manual condensation, median of 2 (P = .043) and 3 (P = .079), respectively. Better sealing ability was shown with P-60 than with Pyramid Dentin when manual condensation was used (P = .037). No significant difference was observed between the 2 products when tested with automatic condensation (P = .066).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this in vitro study the combination of manual and automatic condensation resulted in reduced gingival margin microleakage for both packable composites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and gabriel Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ben-Amar
authors.forename: Hagay
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Slutzky
authors.forename: Shlomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matalon
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; C438835:Filtek P60 Composite Resin; D008689:Methacrylates; C428803:Pyramid Packable Composite