title: Eugenol and thymol, alone or in combination, induce morphological alterations in the envelope of Candida albicans.
abstract: The envelope of Candida albicans, with its outermost array of macromolecules protruding towards the environment, is pivotal to the expression of major virulence factors such as adhesiveness, and the morphological transition to hyphal form. We tested the anticandidal activity of eugenol, main component of clove oil, and thymol, main component of thyme oil, alone or in combination, by investigating their ability to interfere with the architecture of the envelope of C. albicans. Both molecules alterated the morphogenesis of the envelope, but the effects of thymol were more pronounced than those of eugenol. Certain combinations of the two molecules led to a synergistic effect, which is interesting in the view of potentiating their inhibition of C. albicans colonisation and infectiousness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy. piercarlo.braga@unimi.it
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.forename: M Dal
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sasso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Culici
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alfieri
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D045783:Clove Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005054:Eugenol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D027842:Syzygium; D013943:Thymol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D046930:Thymus Plant
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D045783:Clove Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D013943:Thymol; D005054:Eugenol