title: Infrared fluorescence endoscopy for the diagnosis of superficial gastric tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Indocyanine green (ICG) is a fluorescent marker that is excited by rays at a wavelength of 768 nm to emit fluorescence at a wavelength of 807 nm in the infrared (IR) range. We developed an IR fluorescence endoscope (IRFE) to observe superficial gastric tumors and assessed its clinical usefulness.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical usefulness of an IRFE for the assessment of superficial gastric tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Newly developed IRFE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with gastric tumors were enrolled in this study, and their lesions were subjected to endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), or laparoscopic gastrectomy after observation with the IRFE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gastric lesions were subjected to conventional observation, followed by IR fluorescence observation before and after intravenous ICG (0.01 mg/kg) injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relationship between the positive fluorescence and invasivity of each tumor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fluorescence was positive in 8 of 10 gastric cancers with submucosal invasion (80%) and 1 of 20 adenomas or intramucosal gastric cancers (5%); the difference was statistically significant (P<.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IRFE is a useful diagnostic tool for estimating the invasivity of gastric tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima City, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muguruma
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Seisuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imoto
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kudo
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000236:Adenoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004396:Coloring Agents; D020776:Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green