title: Analysis of a challenging subset of World Anti-Doping Agency-banned steroids and antiestrogens by LC-MS-MS.
abstract: A qualitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of 22 sporting federation-banned anabolic agents (or their metabolite markers) and anti-estrogens in urine that are refractory to analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is presented. In addition, a quantitative method built around World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) guidelines for the confirmatory analysis of 19-norandrosterone, the primary metabolite of nandrolone with a WADA-specified minimum required performance limit of 1 ng/mL, is included. Hydrolysis of glucuronide conjugates, liquid-liquid extraction, no clean-up derivatization with Girard's Reagent P, and analysis by quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry provide sensitivity and selectivity well beyond that required by the WADA.
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA.
authors.forename: Chad R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Melinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shelby
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Matthew H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Slawson
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.forename: Dennis J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Crouch
mesh_terms: D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000652:urine*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004300:Doping in Sports; D004962:Estranes / Q000652:urine*; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000652:urine*; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007390:International Agencies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D004962:Estranes; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; C036015:19-norandrosterone