title: Effects of passive leg movement on the oxygenation level of lower limb muscle in chronic stroke patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of passive leg movements on the muscle oxygenation level and electromyographic (EMG) activity in the lower limbs in chronic stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  With a gait training apparatus, passive movements were imposed on the lower limbs of 15 chronic stroke patients at a frequency of 0.8 Hz for 10 minutes. During the passive leg movements, muscle oxygenation level and muscular EMG activity of the paretic and nonparetic calf muscles were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The passive leg movements caused increases in the EMG activity and muscle oxygenation level in both paretic and nonparetic lower limbs. Although a significant difference was found in the concentration changes of the oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb), both paretic and nonparetic sides of the muscle showed enhancement of the tissue oxygenation level (TOI). The degree of the changes of the Oxy-Hb depended on the level of motor recovery after stroke; subjects with good motor recovery showed less difference in the Oxy-Hb level between the paretic and nonparetic sides of the muscle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Passive leg movements have the capacity to induce muscular activity and enhance oxygen metabolism, even in the paretic lower limb muscle of chronic stroke patients. This type of exercise might be a useful and efficient method for the prevention of metabolic deterioration in the lower limb paretic muscles of chronic stroke patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Enkhsaihan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jigjid
authors.forename: Noritaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: Hisayoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: Kimitaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akai
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eto
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haga
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004576:Electromyography; D026241:Exercise Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010809:Physical Fitness; D020127:Recovery of Function; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen