title: Patient and regimen characteristics associated with self-reported nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy (ARVT) is an important behavioral determinant of the success of ARVT. Nonadherence may lead to virological failure, and increases the risk of development of drug resistance. Understanding the prevalence of nonadherence and associated factors is important to inform secondary HIV prevention efforts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used data from a cross-sectional interview study of persons with HIV conducted in 18 U.S. states from 2000-2004. We calculated the proportion of nonadherent respondents (took <95% of prescribed doses in the past 48 hours), and the proportion of doses missed. We used multivariate logistic regression to describe factors associated with nonadherence. Nine hundred and fifty-eight (16%) of 5,887 respondents reported nonadherence. Nonadherence was significantly (p<0.05) associated with black race and Hispanic ethnicity; age <40 years; alcohol or crack use in the prior 12 months; being prescribed >or=4 medications; living in a shelter or on the street; and feeling "blue" >or=14 of the past 30 days. We found weaker associations with having both male-male sex and injection drug use risks for HIV acquisition; being prescribed ARVT for >or=21 months; and being prescribed a protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimen not boosted with ritonavir. The median proportion of doses missed was 50%. The most common reasons for missing doses were forgetting and side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-reported recent nonadherence was high in our study. Our data support increased emphasis on adherence in clinical settings, and additional research on how providers and patients can overcome barriers to adherence.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America. pss0@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Patrick S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Campsmith
authors.forename: Glenn V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Elin B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Begley
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schulden
authors.forename: Allyn K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Nakashima
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D010349:Patient Compliance; D016312:Treatment Refusal / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents