title: Morphologic evaluation of the caudal end of the inferior petrosal sinus using 3D rotational venography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) is the main transvenous access route used to examine or treat lesions involving the cavernous sinus. To carry out these procedures successfully, one must have a detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the venous system around the junction of the IPS and the internal jugular vein (IJV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-three sides in 63 patients (26 men, 37 women; mean, 56.5 years of age) were examined by using 3D rotational venography (3DRV).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The drainage patterns of the IPS could be classified into the following 6 types, with emphasis on the level of IPS-IJV junction: type A, the IPS drains into the jugular bulb in 1/83 sides (1.2%); type B, the IPS drains into the IJV at the level of the extracranial opening of the hypoglossal canal in 29/83 sides (34.9%); type C, the IPS drains into the lower extracranial IJV in 31/83 sides (37.3%); type D, the IPS forms a plexus and has multiple junctions to the IJV near the jugular foramen in 5/83 sides (6.0%); type E, the IPS drains directly into the vertebral venous plexus (VVP) with no connection to the IJV in 3/83 sides (3.6%); and type F, the IPS is absent in 14/83 sides (16.9%). Each type is also characterized by the way of anastomosis with the VVP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This classification seemed to be rational from the embryologic viewpoint, and it may be useful in establishing treatment strategies that involve endovascular manipulation via the IPS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Izumi Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan. y-mitsuhashi@mtf.biglobe.ne.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mitsuhashi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naruse
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003392:Cranial Sinuses / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012399:Rotation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity