title: Bivariate genome-wide scan for metabolic phenotypes in non-diabetic Chinese individuals from the Stanford, Asia and Pacific Program of Hypertension and Insulin Resistance Family Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypertension, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidaemia are metabolic abnormalities that often cluster together more often than expected by chance alone. Since these metabolic variables are highly heritable and are at least partially genetically determined, the clustering of defects in these traits implies that pleiotropic effects, where a common set of genes influences more than one trait simultaneously, are likely.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted bivariate linkage analyses for highly correlated traits, aiming to dissect the genetic architecture affecting these traits, in 411 Chinese families participating in the Stanford Asia-Pacific Program of Hypertension and Insulin Resistance Study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We confirmed the pleiotropic effects of the locus at 37 cM on chromosome 20 on the following pairs: (1) fasting insulin and insulin AUC (empirical p = 0.0006); (2) fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function (HOMA-beta) (empirical p = 0.0051); and (3) HOMA of insulin resistance (IR) and HOMA-beta (empirical p = 0.0044). In addition, the peak logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores of linkage between a chromosomal locus and a trait for the pair fasting insulin and HOMA-IR rose to 5.10 (equivalent LOD score in univariate analysis, LOD([1]) = 4.01, empirical p = 8.0 x 10(-5)) from 3.67 and 3.42 respectively for these two traits in univariate analysis. Additional significant linkage evidence, not shown in single-trait analysis, was identified at 45 cM on chromosome 16 for the pair 1 h insulin and the AUC for insulin, with a LOD score of 4.29 (or LOD([1]) = 3.27, empirical p = 2.0 x 10(-4)). This new locus is also likely to harbour the common genes regulating these two traits (p = 1.73 x 10(-6)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data help provide a better understanding of the genomic structure underlying the metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli Country 350, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y-F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: L-M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: H-Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: L-T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: C-T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.forename: Y-J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Y-D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Donlon
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Curb
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Quertermous
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hsiung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000235:genetics; D002890:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20 / Q000235:genetics; D005192:Family Health; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage / Q000235:genetics; D015894:Genome, Human; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008126:Lod Score; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL