title: Quantitative analysis of hepatitis D virus RNA and hepatitis B surface antigen serum levels in chronic delta hepatitis improves treatment monitoring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment of chronic delta hepatitis is long and difficult and better monitoring is needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA were retrospectively quantified in 53 patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis delta. Twenty-one had received 28 courses of 3-5 MU interferon-alpha2b (IFN-alpha2b) thrice weekly for a median of 12.6 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 7.3-31.6), five had received eight courses of 100 mg lamivudine (LAM) daily for 23.6 months (IQR: 8.4-61.5) and 27 were untreated. The controls were 54 untreated, randomly selected, HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients without delta infection. Quantification of serum HDV RNA, HBsAg and HBV DNA were performed at baseline, during and at the end of treatment and end of follow up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Untreated patients had significantly higher median HBsAg levels than controls (5,872 vs 3,501 IU/ml; P = 0.046), but lower median HBV DNA levels (2.933 vs 6.459 log10 copies/ml; P < 0.001). Median baseline HDV RNA (6.374 log10 copies/ml) was similar in IFN-alpha2b-treated, LAM-treated and untreated patients. At the end of treatment, IFN-alpha2b significantly suppressed in paired measurements HDV RNA (P = 0.012) and HBsAg (P = 0.043), but LAM was inefficient. In IFN-alpha2b-treated patients, HDV RNA became undetectable in five patients within a median of 30 months (IQR: 8-90), followed by a slower decrease in HBsAg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In untreated chronic delta hepatitis, suppressed HBV replication is associated with significantly increased HBsAg serum levels. IFN-alpha2b significantly suppresses both HDV RNA and HBsAg, but LAM has no effect. Long-term IFN-alpha2b treatment (IQR: 1.5-5.0 years) appears necessary for undetectable serum HDV RNA and further treatment is required for HBsAg loss. Monitoring of HDV RNA and HBsAg serum levels in patients with chronic delta hepatitis provides insight during treatment.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece. emanesis@med.uoa.gr
authors.forename: Emanuel K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Manesis
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schina
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Le Gal
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Agelopoulou
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papaioannou
authors.forename: Constantine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kalligeros
authors.forename: Vaios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arseniou
authors.forename: Spilios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manolakopoulos
authors.forename: Emilia S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Hadziyannis
authors.forename: Elyanne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gault
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koskinas
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Papatheodoridis
authors.forename: Athanasios J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Archimandritis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019701:Hepatitis D, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003698:Hepatitis Delta Virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019259:Lamivudine