title: Ginsenosides promote proliferation of chicken primordial germ cells via PKC-involved activation of NF-kappaB.
abstract: The effect of ginsenosides on proliferation of chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) was evaluated and involvement of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB in the signaling pathway was investigated. PGCs were isolated from the genital ridge of 3.5-4 day embryos and cultured in Medium 199 supplemented with 5% FCS and 10 ng/ml LIF. PGCs subcultured on chicken embryonic fibroblast feeder were challenged with ginsenosides alone or in combination with PKC inhibitor H(7) or activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 24h. Moreover, the translocation of NF-kappaB and degradation level of IkappaBalpha were investigated by Western blot analysis. Results show that PGCs were identified by periodic acid-Schiff, alkaline phosphatase histochemistry as well as c-kit, SSEA-1 and Oct-4 immunocytochemistry. Treatment with ginsenosides at 1-100 microg/ml significantly increased the number and area of PGC colonies in a dose-dependent manner. However, this proliferating effect was obviously attenuated by combined treatment of H(7) (10(-7)-10(-5)M). Similarly, PKC staining of PGC colonies was more intensive after ginsenosides treatment compared with the control group. In addition, treatment with ginsenosides at 1-10 microg/ml stimulated the translocation of NF-kappaB (p65). However, the NF-kappaB translocation and the degradation of IkappaBalpha were significantly blocked by combined treatment with 10(-6)M H(7). These results indicated that ginsenosides promote proliferation of chicken PGCs through activation of PKC-involved NF-kappaB signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
authors.forename: Chutian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Caiqiao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Xinyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Yanqun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D036145:Ginsenosides; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate