title: Endothelin-1, but not Ang II, activates MAP kinases through c-Src independent Ras-Raf dependent pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and angiotensin II (Ang II) activate common signaling pathways to promote changes in vascular reactivity, remodeling, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Here we sought to determine whether upstream regulators of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are differentially regulated by ET-1 and Ang II focusing on the role of c-Src and the small GTPase Ras.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mesenteric vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from mice with different disruption levels in the c-Src gene (c-Src(+/-) and c-Src(-/-)) and wild-type (c-Src(+/+)) were used. ET-1 and Ang II induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, SAPK/JNK, and p38MAPK phosphorylation in c-Src(+/+) VSMCs. In VSMCs from c-Src(+/-) and c-Src(-/-), Ang II effects were blunted, whereas c-Src deficiency had no effect in ET-1-induced MAPK activation. Ang II but not ET-1 induced c-Src phosphorylation in c-Src(+/+) VSMCs. Activation of c-Raf, an effector of Ras, was significantly increased by ET-1 and Ang II in c-Src(+/+) VSMCs. Ang II but not ET-1-mediated c-Raf phosphorylation was inhibited by c-Src deficiency. Knockdown of Ras by siRNA inhibited both ET-1 and Ang II-induced MAPK phosphorylation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate differential regulation of MAPKs by distinct G protein-coupled receptors. Whereas Ang II has an obligatory need for c-Src, ET-1 mediates its actions through a c-Src-independent Ras-Raf-dependent pathway for MAPK activation. These findings suggest that Ang II and ET-1 can activate similar signaling pathways through unrelated mechanisms. MAP kinases are an important point of convergence for Ang II and ET-1.
authors.affiliation: Kidney Research Centre, University of Ottawa/Ottawa Health Research Institute, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, KIH 8M5.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yogi
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Callera
authors.forename: A C I
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Montezano
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Aranha
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Tostes
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Schiffrin
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Touyz
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000081247:CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D019061:src-Family Kinases
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D000804:Angiotensin II; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000081247:CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins