Dronabinol and marijuana in HIV-positive marijuana smokers. Caloric intake, mood, and sleep.
OBJECTIVE
Individuals with HIV constitute the largest group using cannabinoids for medicinal reasons; yet, no studies have directly compared the tolerability and efficacy of smoked marijuana and oral dronabinol maintenance in HIV-positive marijuana smokers. This placebo-controlled within-subjects study evaluated marijuana and dronabinol across a range of behaviors: eating topography, mood, cognitive performance, physiologic measures, and sleep.


METHODS
HIV-positive marijuana smokers (n = 10) completed 2 16-day inpatient phases. Each dronabinol (5 and 10 mg) and marijuana (2.0% and 3.9% Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]) dose was administered 4 times daily for 4 days, but only 1 drug was active per day, thereby maintaining double-blind dosing. Four days of placebo washout separated each active cannabinoid condition.


RESULTS
As compared with placebo, marijuana and dronabinol dose dependently increased daily caloric intake and body weight in HIV-positive marijuana smokers. All cannabinoid conditions produced significant intoxication, except for low-dose dronabinol (5 mg); the intoxication was rated positively (eg, "good drug effect") with little evidence of discomfort and no impairment of cognitive performance. Effects of marijuana and dronabinol were comparable, except that only marijuana (3.9% THC) improved ratings of sleep.


CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that for HIV-positive marijuana smokers, both dronabinol (at doses 8 times current recommendations) and marijuana were well tolerated and produced substantial and comparable increases in food intake.
Haney
Margaret
M
Division on Substance Abuse, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. mh235@columbia.edu
Gunderson
Erik W
EW
Rabkin
Judith
J
Hart
Carl L
CL
Vosburg
Suzanne K
SK
Comer
Sandra D
SD
Foltin
Richard W
RW
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D002188:Cannabis; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D013759:Dronabinol