title: Longitudinal changes in serum lipids among HIV-infected men on highly active antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to describe longitudinal changes in serum lipids among HIV-infected men receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with long-term follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 304 HIV-infected men who initiated HAART and who had serum lipid measurements prior to and for up to 7 years after HAART initiation were identified from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Mean levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were examined at biannual time-points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant lipid changes were seen within 0.5 years of HAART initiation but increases in TC (+1.09 mmol/L), LDL-C (+0.57 mmol/L), HDL-C (+0.16 mmol/L) and non-HDL-C (+0.91 mmol/L) reached peak levels 2-3 years after HAART initiation. Declines in serum TC, LDL-C and non-HDL-C in subsequent years occurred concurrently with a substantial increase in use of lipid-lowering medications (from 1% usage pre-HAART to 43% 6-7 years after HAART initiation) but the proportion of men who either were treated with cholesterol-lowering medication or had elevated cholesterol levels (>5.18 mmol/L) did not change during the 2-7-year interval after HAART. Mean HDL-C also decreased after 2-3 years and was low (<1.04 mmol/L) in 55% of HIV-infected men 6-7 years after HAART initiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atherogenic serum lipids increased early after the initiation of HAART, peaked at 2-3 years and remained high or required treatment thereafter. Low HDL-C levels persisted in the majority of men. The long-term effects of lipid abnormalities on cardiovascular risk and the effectiveness and toxicity of prolonged use of lipid-lowering medications in combination with HAART are not known.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. riddler@dom.pitt.edu
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Riddler
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kingsley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dobs
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Palella
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Visscher
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chmiel
authors.forename: Ar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharrett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D002784:Cholesterol