Functionally distinct transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mediated by immature and mature dendritic cells.
Dendritic cells (DCs) potently stimulate the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to CD4(+) T cells. Immature DCs (iDCs) located in submucosal tissues can capture HIV-1 and migrate to lymphoid tissues, where they become mature DCs (mDCs) for effective antigen presentation. DC maturation promotes HIV-1 transmission; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we have compared monocyte-derived iDCs and mDCs for their efficiencies and mechanisms of HIV-1 transmission. We have found that mDCs significantly facilitate HIV-1 endocytosis and efficiently concentrate HIV-1 at virological synapses, which contributes to mDC-enhanced viral transmission, at least in part. mDCs were more efficient than iDCs in transferring HIV-1 to various types of target cells independently of C-type lectins, which partially accounted for iDC-mediated HIV-1 transmission. Efficient HIV-1 trans-infection mediated by iDCs and mDCs required contact between DCs and target cells. Moreover, rapid HIV-1 degradation occurred in both iDCs and mDCs, which correlated with the lack of HIV-1 retention-mediated long-term viral transmission. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying DC-mediated HIV-1 transmission, suggesting that HIV-1 exploits mDCs to facilitate its dissemination within lymphoid tissues.
Wang
Jian-Hua
JH
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
Janas
Alicia M
AM
Olson
Wendy J
WJ
Wu
Li
L
D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000648:ultrastructure / Q000821:virology*; D004705:Endocytosis; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000502:physiology; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053586:Virus Internalization
D037181:Lectins, C-Type