title: Double-masked comparison of ketorolac tromethamine 0.4% versus nepafenac sodium 0.1% for postoperative healing rates and pain control in eyes undergoing surface ablation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine the degree of postoperative pain and rate of healing in eyes treated with either ketorolac tromethamine 0.4% (Acular LS) or nepafenac sodium 0.1% (Nevanac) after flapless surface ablation [epi-laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)].
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-masked, paired-eye comparison. Patients undergoing flapless surface ablation were randomized to receive ketorolac in 1 eye and nepafenac in the other. Drops were instilled immediately after the surgical procedure, and patients continued to instill the masked drops 3 times daily for 5 days. Study follow-up visits were at days 1 and 5 postoperatively. Patients were queried by phone regarding their level of pain at 5 hours postoperatively and on days 2, 3, and 4. Outcome measures included postoperative pain levels including need for additional rescue medications, rate of healing, and adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the original target population was 60 eyes of 30 patients, this study was halted after only 14 eyes of 7 patients because of concern for patient safety, because most patients in 1 arm developed haze. Eyes treated with nepafenac healed at a slower rate than eyes treated with ketorolac in 57% of patients. Mean time to healing was 5.7 +/- 1.1 days with ketorolac and 7.9 +/- 2.1 days with nepafenac (P = 0.066). Moreover, eyes treated with nepafenac exhibited statistically significant greater mean hazing scores at week 2 (P = 0.024) and month 1 (P = 0.039). Throughout the study, a greater percentage of nepafenac-treated eyes exhibited haze than did ketorolac-treated eyes. This difference was statistically significant at week 2 (P = 0.005) and month 1 (P = 0.039). Patients reported significantly more pain in nepafenac-treated eyes at day 3 when pain was at its peak (P = 0.046).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients undergoing epi-LASIK, a statistically significant trend postoperative toward increased corneal haze was seen with nepafenac compared with ketorolac. Nepafenac therapy resulted in a non-statistically significant trend toward delayed healing. The study was halted because of safety concerns.
authors.affiliation: Center for Excellence in Eye Care, Miami, FL 33176, USA. wtrattler@earthlink.net
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Trattler
authors.forename: Marguerite
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McDonald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D044482:Benzeneacetamides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003315:Cornea / Q000601:surgery*; D003318:Corneal Opacity / Q000139:chemically induced; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000601:surgery; D020731:Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000601:surgery; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010648:Phenylacetates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D044482:Benzeneacetamides; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010648:Phenylacetates; C414203:nepafenac; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine