title: Analysis of osteochondro-induction using growth and differentiation factor-5 in rat muscle.
abstract: Growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) belongs to the TGF-beta super family, and reportedly plays an important role in cartilage development and differentiation. In this study, we implanted GDF-5 in rat leg muscle, and evaluated its in vivo osteochondro-inducing activity by histological and X-ray examinations. GDF-5 (0, 100, 300, and 500 microg) and the carrier type I collagen were mixed, and the mixture was implanted into rat leg muscle. Three weeks later, the site of implantation was examined by soft X-ray, and examined histologically. The GDF-5 0 and 100 microg groups showed no osteochondro-induction. The GDF-5 300 microg group showed aggregates of cartilage and some bone tissue in the carrier. The GDF-5 500 microg group revealed bone and no cartilage. This is the first report of the dose-dependent effect of GDF-5 inducing osteochondrogenesis or osteogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 10-15 Fumizono, Moriguchi 570-8506, Japan. kakudon@takii.kmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Natsuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kakudo
authors.forename: Yi Biao
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kushida
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kusumoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002356:Cartilage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D055428:Growth Differentiation Factor 5; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011859:Radiography; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D024043:Collagen Type II; D055428:Growth Differentiation Factor 5