title: English translations of the first clinical reports on narcolepsy and cataplexy by Westphal and Gélineau in the late 19th century, with commentary.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To publish the first English translations, with commentary, of the original reports describing narcolepsy and cataplexy by Westphal in German (1877) and by Gélineau in French (1880).
  
  
  METHODS
  A professional translation service translated the 2 reports from either German or French to English, with each translation then being slightly edited by one of the authors. All authors then provided commentary.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both Westphal and Gélineau correctly identified and described the new clinical entities of cataplexy and narcolepsy, with recurrent, self-limited sleep attacks and/or cataplectic attacks affecting 2 otherwise healthy people. Narcolepsy was named by Gélineau (and cataplexy was named by Henneberg in 1916). The evidence in both cases is sufficiently convincing to conclude that they were likely each HLA-DQB1*0602 positive and hypocretin deficient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The original descriptions of narcolepsy and cataplexy are now available in English, allowing for extensive clinical and historical commentary.
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Psychiatry, Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA. Schen010@umn.edu
authors.forename: Carlos H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Schenck
authors.forename: Claudio L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bassetti
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Arnulf
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mignot
mesh_terms: D002385:Cataplexy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000266:history; D004282:Documentation / Q000266:history*; D005602:France; D005858:Germany; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009290:Narcolepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history*; D014177:Translations