title: Delivering needle-free insulin using AERx iDMS (insulin diabetes management system) technology.
abstract: METHODS
  Inhaled insulin has recently emerged as an alternative to subcutaneous insulin administration. One inhaled insulin device, AERx (a registered trademark of Aradigm Corp., Hayward, CA, or its affiliates in the United States and other countries) insulin diabetes management system (iDMS) (Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark), uses a unique liquid human insulin strip to deliver an aerosol of insulin to the lungs. AERx iDMS enables 1-unit increment dosing, and the device ensures that the insulin dose is released at the optimal point of inhalation for delivery to the lungs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with subcutaneous human insulin, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of inhaled insulin with AERx iDMS is similar, but with a more rapid onset of action. Data from these pharmacokinetic studies have also demonstrated that inhaled insulin dosing with AERx iDMS is as consistent and reproducible as subcutaneous human insulin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In individuals with diabetes, prandial inhaled insulin with AERx iDMS is as effective and well tolerated as subcutaneous prandial human insulin or insulin aspart in terms of glycemic control and overall hypoglycemia. No major safety concerns have been raised with respect to pulmonary function tests. Other clinical studies using AERx iDMS in special populations, such as smokers, people with asthma, or people suffering from upper respiratory tract infections, have provided important information regarding the use of inhaled insulin in these circumstances. Overall, pulmonary insulin delivery with the AERx iDMS device appears to be a promising safe and efficacious alternative to subcutaneous insulin injections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. per.wollmer@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wollmer
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Pieber
authors.forename: Mari-Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gall
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brunton
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D004867:Equipment Design; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; C473734:Exubera