title: Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) of augmentation cystoplasties.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tumors arising within augmentation cystoplasties are aggressive, have poor prognosis and the majority are not detected at follow-up cystoscopy. Genetic changes in tumors precede morphological abnormalities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic abnormalities detected by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) could be used to identify those patients with augmentation cystoplasties at increased risk of tumorigenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bladder biopsy samples were obtained from 16 augmentation cystoplasty patients both distant from and near to the enterovesical anastomosis. CGH was used to detect genetic abnormalities in DNA extracted from the biopsies, archival specimens of two augmentation cystoplasties and two de novo bladder adenocarcinomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A greater number of amplifications on 2p, 3q, 8q, 9p, 17p, 18pq and 20pq, were observed in bladder biopsies obtained near to the enterovesical anastomosis compared to those taken distant to the suture line. CGH of archival augmentation cystoplasty tumor DNA indicated abnormalities at several loci with amplifications at 2q, 5q, 10p and 21pq, while deletions occurred at 5p and 16p.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that the urothelium adjacent to the bladder and/or bowel anastomosis in augmentation cystoplasties is genetically unstable. Furthermore, longitudinal studies are required to establish whether or not patients exhibiting genetic instability following augmentation cystoplasty are at greater risk of developing tumors than those with genetically stable epithelia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Timson C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Appanna
authors.forename: Shareen H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Doak
authors.forename: Spencer A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Howard G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kynaston
authors.forename: Timothy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Parry
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000782:Aneuploidy; D001706:Biopsy; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques / Q000379:methods; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures