title: Predicting short-term disability in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop covariate specific short-term disability curves to demonstrate the probability of progressing by Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at semiannual visits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semiannual EDSS scores were prospectively collected in 218 relapsing-remitting (RR) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) patients as part of the Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigation of Multiple Sclerosis at the Brigham and Women's Hospital (CLIMB) study. Baseline brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) and T2 lesion volume were available on 205 patients. A partial proportional odds model determined the influence of covariates on the change in EDSS score at subsequent visits. A discrete second order Markov transitional model was fit and generated a probability matrix for each subject; the 6-month probabilities of EDSS change were graphically represented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The univariate analysis demonstrated the lowest baseline BPF quartile (OR 1.99; p = 0.0203) and the highest T2 lesion volume quartile (OR 2.19; p = 0.0130) were associated with progression in EDSS. Covariate specific disability curves demonstrated the effect of BPF and T2 lesion volume on short-term progression. In subjects with a 6-month EDSS of 2, the probability of a sustained progression of an EDSS of 3 within 3 years was 0.277 for a subject with low BPF and a high T2 lesion volume vs 0.055 for a subject with high BPF and a low T2 lesion volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Markov transitional models allow for the comparison of covariate specific short-term disability changes among groups of patients with multiple sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Brookline, MA 02445, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mandel
authors.forename: C R G
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Guttmann
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Glanz
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Betensky
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Weiner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors