title: Combined process of urea nitrogen removal in anaerobic Anammox co-culture reactor.
abstract: In this study, the feasibility of biological urea nitrogen removal in anaerobic Anammox co-culture was investigated. After 100 days of operation, complete urea nitrogen removal of 0.35 g (NH(2))(2)CO-N L(-1) d(-1) was achieved. The pure Anammox bacteria were obtained by percoll density-gradient centrifugation and found to be of incapable to hydrolyze urea. The ureolytic bacteria were isolated from the Anammox co-culture by the spread plate and streak. Comparative analysis of partial 16S rDNA sequence presented it belongs to Bacillus sp., and so named as Bacillus sp. LST-1. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was applied to identify the ratio of Bacillus sp. and Anammox in the reactor and the value was approximately 1:4. Urea nitrogen removal was realized in this autotrophic, anoxic reactor via the combined process of urea hydrolysis by Bacillus sp. LST-1 and ammonium oxidizing by Anammox. The investigation of this combined process might have an actual significance in engineering application for its low operational cost.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, MOE, School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, PR China.
authors.forename: Sitong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Fenglin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hanmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furukawa
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic; D018441:Biofilms; D019149:Bioreactors; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D006868:Hydrolysis; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000737:chemistry; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014508:Urea; D009584:Nitrogen