title: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci, colonizing the intestinal tract of patients in a university hospital in Greece.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine the prevalence of Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) colonizing the intestinal tract of hospitalized patients and define risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A point prevalence survey of VRE fecal carriage was carried out among patients who stayed at a 600-bed teaching hospital for at least two days. Resistance to vancomycin was detected by the E-test method. Epidemiological data was recorded for all patients included in the study and was used for the risk factor analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 128 patients hospitalized for at least two days were enrolled in this investigation. Thirty-nine patients (30.5%) were colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Twenty-three of the 39 strains were identified as Enterococcus faecium, 13 were identified as Enterococcus gallinarum and three strains as Enterococcus casseliflavus. The risk factors that were significantly associated with VRE colonization included length of hospital stay (13.2 days vs. 8.6 days), age (60.7 years vs. 47.7 years) and the presence of underlying malignancies (28.2% vs. 11.2%). An association was found between VRE colonization and the use of antimicrobials with anaerobic activity, such as metronidazole, piperacillin/tazobactam and imipenem. The use of vancomycin was associated with VRE colonization in the intensive care unit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VRE colonization must be monitored, and risk factors should be determined, because they are useful for screening hospitalized patients for VRE colonization in order to establish prevention and control measures.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Division, First Internal Medicine Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. metallidissimeon@yahoo.gr
authors.forename: Simeon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Metallidis
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chatzidimitriou
authors.forename: Afroditi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsona
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bisiklis
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lazaraki
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koumentaki
authors.forename: Ahilleas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gikas
authors.forename: Stela
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alexiou-Daniel
authors.forename: Pavlos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nikolaidis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D020713:Vancomycin Resistance
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents