title: Verification of reliability and validity of a Japanese version of the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify the reliability and validity of a Japanese version of the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule in novice nurses to contribute to nursing management.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  An adequate scale is needed to measure the assertiveness and the effect of assertion training for Japanese nurses and to compare them with those in other countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rathus Assertiveness Schedule was adapted to Japanese with back-translation and its validity was examined in 989 novice nurses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Japanese version showed a high coefficient of reliability in a split-half reliability test (r=0.76; P<0.01). The coefficient of reliability of Cronbach's alpha was high (r=0.84; P<0.01) indicating high internal consistency. The similarity with the concept of stress coping was shown. We extracted eight principal factors using factor analysis with varimax rotation. Elements of these factors were similar to those of the original Rathus Assertiveness Schedule.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Japanese version of Rathus Assertiveness Schedule was verified.
authors.affiliation: Tenshi College, Sapporo and Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. chihiroeiko@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Eiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanoya
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katsuki
authors.forename: Chifumi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001242:Assertiveness; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology*; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000592:standards*; D011361:Professional Competence / Q000592:standards; D011594:Psychometrics; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating; D017132:Workplace / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology