title: RAGE activation by S100P in colon cancer stimulates growth, migration, and cell signaling pathways.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Colon cancer is the third most prevalent cancer in the United States. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of colon cancer are incompletely understood. This study was initiated to explore the potential role of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products and S100P in modulation of key properties of human colon cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Western blot, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed for detection of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products and S100P in colon cancer and matched normal colon. The influence of exogenously added S100P was analyzed on SW480 colon cancer cell line proliferation, migration, phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinases, and NFkappaB activation. To identify the mechanisms involved in these responses, coimmunoprecipitation examining the S100P/Receptor for advanced glycation end-products interaction and the effects of receptor for advanced glycation end-products inhibition in this interaction were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the receptor for advanced glycation end-products was present in normal and malignant colon specimens, only the malignant specimens expressed S100P. Treatment of SW480 cells with S100P increased proliferation and cell migration. Addition of exogenous S100P stimulated both ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NFkappaB activity. The interaction between S100P and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products was demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation of these molecules from SW480 cells. Antagonism of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products blocked this interaction and the biologic effects of S100P on these cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that S100P is expressed at greater levels in colon cancer than matched normal tissue and that S100P stimulates colon cancer cell growth, migration, Erk phosphorylation, and NFkappaB activation in vitro, suggesting that this ligand/receptor pair may be targeted for the development of new therapies.
authors.affiliation: Program in Cellular & Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622, USA.
authors.forename: Maren K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.forename: Shraddha S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Nigavekar
authors.forename: Thiruvengadam
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arumugam
authors.forename: Craig D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Logsdon
authors.forename: Ann Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Juliet C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Emina H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C103003:S100P protein, human