title: In vitro antifungal activity of the tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oil and its major components against plant pathogens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (TTO) and its principal components on four cereal-pathogenic fungi.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The antimycotic properties of TTO and of terpinen-4-ol, gamma-terpinen and 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) were evaluated in vitro on Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum and Pyrenophora graminea. Moreover, barley leaves infected with Blumeria graminis were treated with whole TTO. All the tested fungi were susceptible to TTO and its components.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TTO exerted a wide spectrum of antimycotic activity. Single TTO purified components were more active than the whole oil in reducing in vitro growth of fungal mycelium and, among the tested compounds, terpinen-4-ol was the most effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TTO and its components can be considered potential alternative natural fungicides.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Sperimentale per la Cerealicoltura, C.R.A., Fiorenzuola d'Arda (PC), Italy. v.terzi@iol.it
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Terzi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morcia
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Faccioli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valè
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tacconi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malnati
mesh_terms: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001467:Hordeum / Q000382:microbiology; D031650:Melaleuca / Q000737:chemistry; D003904:Mitosporic Fungi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000382:microbiology; D020947:Tea Tree Oil / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D039821:Monoterpenes; D020947:Tea Tree Oil