title: Validation and reduction of the oxidative stress following laparoscopic operations: a prospective randomized controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate ischemia-reperfusion mechanism during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and to assess the reduction of oxidative stress by an intermittent sequential pneumatic compression (ISPC) device.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Increased intraperitoneal pressure during laparoscopic operations may lead to decreased cardiac output and visceral perfusion, and possible ischemia-reperfusion effects. Using the ISPC device was shown to improve cardiac output and visceral perfusion during pneumoperitoneum (PP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled in a randomized prospective controlled study and divided into 2 groups: 1) study group (10 patients), activation of ISPC together with creation of PP; and 2) control group, without ISPC. Lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels (as indicators of oxidative stress) as well as liver and renal function tests, were measured before and at the end of PP, and again at 30 minutes, 4 hours, and 24 hours afterward, together with hemodynamic and respiratory parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between both groups concerning liver enzymes and bilirubin, nor in hemodynamic parameters. In the control group, increased lipid peroxide levels were noted 4 hours after PP termination, in comparison to pre-PP levels (590.4-649.2 mmol/L, P = 0.002). In the study group (ISPC), such changes were not inspected. Decreased total glutathione levels were noted in the control group, 30 minutes following CO2 evacuation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study validates the ischemia-reperfusion mechanism following laparoscopic surgery. The use of an ISPC device decreased the oxidative stress (secondary to relative ischemia-reperfusion insult) following PP, probably due to improved cardiac output and visceral perfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Western Galilee Hospital, Nahariya, Israel. amitai@netvision.net.il
authors.forename: Amitai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bickel
authors.forename: Assi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drobot
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aviram
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eitan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D041761:Cholecystolithiasis / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology*; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D005978:Glutathione