title: Laparoscopy-assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery in children: a series of 11 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of laparoscopy-assisted placement of the distal catheter of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt has been well described in the literature, and several advantages of laparoscopy over laparotomy have been documented.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts of 11 consecutive children with hydrocephalus of various origins who underwent surgery for initial VP shunt placement or for revision of an existing VP shunt system between July 1, 2006, and December 31, 2006. The peritoneal catheter in all of these cases was implanted using a laparoscopic procedure and with the aid of a pediatric general surgeon. Laparoscopy-assisted placement of the distal catheter was successful in all patients. There were no periprocedural complications. There was one complication, an incisional hernia, noted in the short-term follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors illustrate that laparoscopy-assisted implantation of a peritoneal catheter is a safe, effective, minimally invasive, and technically easy approach for VP shunt placement or revision in children. It allows accurate placement of the distal catheter in the peritoneal cavity, enables retrieval of fractured catheter segments, and allows confirmation of the patency of the shunt system.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jea
authors.forename: Merdas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Otibi
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonnard
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Drake
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006547:Hernia / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt