title: Impact of self monitoring of blood glucose in the management of patients with non-insulin treated diabetes: open parallel group randomised trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether self monitoring, alone or with instruction in incorporating the results into self care, is more effective than usual care in improving glycaemic control in non-insulin treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three arm, open, parallel group randomised trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  48 general practices in Oxfordshire and South Yorkshire.
  
  
  METHODS
  453 patients with non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes (mean age 65.7 years) for a median duration of three years and a mean haemoglobin A1c level of 7.5%.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardised usual care with measurements of HbA1c every three months as the control group (n=152), blood glucose self monitoring with advice for patients to contact their doctor for interpretation of results, in addition to usual care (n=150), and blood glucose self monitoring with additional training of patients in interpretation and application of the results to enhance motivation and maintain adherence to a healthy lifestyle (n=151).
  
  
  METHODS
  HbA1c level measured at 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 12 months the differences in HbA1c level between the three groups (adjusted for baseline HbA1c level) were not statistically significant (P=0.12). The difference in unadjusted mean change in HbA1c level from baseline to 12 months between the control and less intensive self monitoring groups was -0.14% (95% confidence interval -0.35% to 0.07%) and between the control and more intensive self monitoring groups was -0.17% (-0.37% to 0.03%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence is not convincing of an effect of self monitoring blood glucose, with or without instruction in incorporating findings into self care, in improving glycaemic control compared with usual care in reasonably well controlled non-insulin treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN47464659.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Health Care, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 7LF. andrew.farmer@dphpc.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: Alisha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goyder
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yudkin
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: Anthea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Craven
authors.forename: Rury
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holman
authors.forename: Ann-Louise
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kinmonth
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin