title: Can frequency-doubling technology and short-wavelength automated perimetries detect visual field defects before standard automated perimetry in patients with preperimetric glaucoma?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the ability of frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry and short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) to detect glaucomatous damage in preperimetric glaucoma subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred seventy-eight eyes of 278 subjects categorized as normal eyes [n=98; intraocular pressure <20 mm Hg, normal optic disc appearance, and standard automated perimetry (SAP)]; preperimetric glaucoma eyes (n=109; normal SAP and retinal nerve fiber layer defects or localized optic disc notching and thinning); and glaucoma patients (n=71; intraocular pressure >21 mm Hg, optic disc compatible with glaucoma, and abnormal SAP).
  
  
  METHODS
  The preperimetric glaucoma group underwent at least 2 reliable full-threshold 24-2 Humphrey SAPs, full-threshold C-20 FDT, full-threshold 24-2 SWAP, optic disc topography using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II, laser polarimetry using the GDx VCC, and Optical Coherence Tomography (Zeiss Stratus OCT 3000). Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted for the main Heidelberg Retina Tomograph, Optical Coherence Tomography, and GDx VCC parameters for the normal and glaucoma patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the parameters indicating glaucomatous damage in the optic disc or retinal nerve fiber layer, which were used to establish additional subgroups of patients with preperimetric glaucoma. FDT and SWAP sensitivities were calculated for the patient subsets with structural damage and normal SAP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At least 20% of the patients with preperimetric glaucoma demonstrated functional losses in FDT and SWAP. The more severe the structural damage, the greater the sensitivity for detecting glaucomatous visual field losses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FDT and SWAP detect functional losses in cases of suspected glaucoma before glaucomatous losses detected by SAP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain. aferreras@msn.com
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferreras
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Polo
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Larrosa
authors.forename: Luís E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Pablo
authors.forename: Ana B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Pajarin
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pueyo
authors.forename: Francisco M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Honrubia
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014794:Visual Fields