title: X-ray scatter data for flat-panel detector CT.
abstract: In modern X-ray computed tomography (CT) a trend to increased volume coverage by using multi-row detectors is apparent. Flat-panel detector CT (FPD-CT) systems provide an even larger field of measurement which, however, results in an increased scatter fraction. We investigated the scatter intensities registered in the case of FPD-CT. A hybrid model for the simulation of scatter combining deterministic and Monte Carlo methods was used for the scatter calculations. The influence of imaging parameters on the registered scatter intensity was examined both in single projections and reconstructed images. Scatter-to-primary ratios (SPRs) are given for various values of object thickness, field size, object-to-detector distance, incident energy and projection angle. For the simulations, homogeneous water phantoms and realistic patient data sets were used to produce scatter data representative for clinical situations. The SPR increases with object size, collimation and z-extent resulting in SPR>>1 and respective scatter artifacts in the reconstructed images. In contrary, the scatter intensity decreases non-linearly with the object-to-detector distance. The angular and spatial distributions of scatter form a flat function as compared to the distribution of the primary signal. Single scatter appears to determine the distribution and magnitude of the total-scatter intensity at the detector.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Yiannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kyriakou
authors.forename: Willi A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Kalender
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014159:Transducers; D014963:X-Ray Intensifying Screens