title: Functional interactions between presynaptic NMDA receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors co-expressed on rat and human noradrenergic terminals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electrophysiological studies described potentiation of NMDA receptor function by metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) of group I occurring postsynaptically. Since release-enhancing NMDA receptors exist on noradrenergic terminals and group I mGluRs have recently been identified on these nerve endings, we have investigated if NMDA receptor-mGluR interactions also can occur at the presynaptic level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat hippocampus and human neocortex synaptosomes were labelled with [(3)H]noradrenaline and superfused with mGluR agonists and antagonists. NMDA-evoked [(3)H]noradrenaline release was produced by removal of external Mg(2+) or by simultaneous application of NMDA and AMPA in Mg(2+)-containing solutions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mGluR1/5 agonist 3,5-DHPG, inactive on its own, potentiated both the release of [(3)H]noradrenaline elicited by AMPA/NMDA/glycine and that evoked by NMDA/glycine following Mg(2+) removal. The effect of 3,5-DHPG on the AMPA/NMDA/glycine-induced release was insensitive to the mGluR1 antagonist CPCCOEt, but it was abolished by the mGluR5 antagonist MPEP; moreover, it was potentiated by the mGluR5 positive allosteric modulator DFB. When NMDA receptors were activated by Mg(2+) removal, both mGluR5 and mGluR1 contributed to the evoked release, the mGluR-mediated release being blocked only by CPCCOEt and MPEP in combination. Experiments with human neocortex synaptosomes show NMDA receptor-mGluR interactions qualitatively similar to those observed in rodents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Group I mGluRs, both of the mGluR1 and mGluR5 subtypes, co-localize with NMDA receptors on noradrenergic terminals of rat hippocampus and human neocortex. Depending on the mode of activation, NMDA receptors exert differential permissive roles on the activation of presynaptic mGluR1 and mGluR5.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, Genoa 16148, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Luccini
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Musante
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brambilla Bas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Severi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raiteri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pittaluga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020239:Receptor Cross-Talk / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D064529:Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D017661:Receptors, Presynaptic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D012118:Resorcinols / Q000494:pharmacology; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014316:Tritium; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C117789:7-(hydroxyimino)cyclopropan(b)chromen-1a-carbxoylic acid ethyl ester; D002867:Chromones; C578935:GRM5 protein, human; C578937:Grm5 protein, rat; D064529:Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D017661:Receptors, Presynaptic; D012118:Resorcinols; C104077:metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1; D014316:Tritium; C079215:3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; D005998:Glycine; D009638:Norepinephrine