title: Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Chinese HIV-infected patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Chinese HIV-infected population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional point prevalence study. All Chinese HIV-infected patients who were followed up in a tertiary referral center in Hong Kong were recruited. Spot urine was saved for each patient to calculate urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (urine P/Cr). Those with urine P/Cr > 0.3 would have 24-h urine collection to determine the exact amount of proteinuria. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using MDRD formula. CKD was defined as GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and/or urine P/Cr > 0.3. Baseline demographic and clinical data were extracted from patients' records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total 322 patients were recruited. The mean age was 45.2 +/- 11.7 years. The duration of follow up was 6.0 +/- 4.0 years. There were 264 male and 58 female patients. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and CKD were 7.4%, 10.6% and 16.8%, respectively. Eighteen patients (5.6%) had GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 while 44 patients (13.7%) had spot urine P/Cr > 0.3. Among those with urine P/Cr > 0.3, 38 patients had 24-h urine collection. Using univariate analysis, CKD was found to be significantly (P < 0.05) associated with age, hypertension, diabetes, use of indinavir, lower CD4 count and peak viral load. Multivariate logistic regression revealed older age (P < 0.001), lower CD4 count (P = 0.02) and use of indinavir therapy (P = 0.04) were associated with development of CKD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CKD is prevalent in Chinese HIV-infected patients. Patients with CKD were more likely to be older, associated with use of indinavir and CD4 nadir less than 100 cells/mul.
authors.affiliation: Renal Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. simoncycheung@gmail.com
authors.forename: Chi Yuen
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Kim Ming
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Man Po
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yan Lun
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Ka Foon
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.forename: Chung Ki
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chun Sang
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors