title: High-molecular-weight hydroxyethyl starch accelerates kallikrein-dependent clot initiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A decrease in reaction time (R; seconds) has been considered a thrombelastographic hallmark of hypercoagulability. However, the cause of changes in R has been influenced by the method of activation (e.g., celite) and the clinical/laboratory setting (e.g., hemodilution). Although antithrombin deficiency has been implicated as a cause of decreased R in unactivated samples after crystalloid dilution, dilution with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions such as Hextend (6% HES solution; average molecular weight 450 kDa) or Voluven (6% HES solution; average molecular weight 130 kDa) has decreased R values in celite-activated samples in vitro and in vivo, with modulation of these R values observed after aprotinin exposure. Thus, this study proposed to define whether HES affects kallikrein-dependent clot initiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Citrated human plasma was subjected to 0% or 30% dilution with 0.9% NaCl, Hextend, or Voluven, in the absence or presence of aprotinin (200 KIU/mL final concentration). Prekallikrein-deficient (<1% activity) plasma was similarly diluted. After recalcification and celite activation, thrombelastography was performed for determination of R.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  R in samples without aprotinin diluted with Hextend (mean +/- SD, 132 +/- 6 seconds) was significantly smaller than that in samples with 0% dilution (155 +/- 5 seconds) and 30% dilution with 0.9% NaCl (162 +/- 9 seconds), but was not less than that in Voluven-diluted samples (149 +/- 14 seconds). R significantly increased (28%-68%) in all conditions with aprotinin compared to samples without aprotinin, and Hextend had significantly smaller R compared with that in the other fluids. Lastly, R was not different in experiments with prekallikrein-deficient plasma. These data indicate that Hextend accelerates kallikrein-dependent clot initiation compared with 0.9% NaCl or Voluven.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35249-6810, USA. vnielsen@uab.edu
authors.forename: Vance G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013916:Thrombelastography
chemical_list: D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D007610:Kallikreins