title: Stem cell mechanisms and paracrine effects: potential in cardiac surgery.
abstract: Heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the industrialized world. Stem cell therapy is a promising treatment modality for injured cardiac tissue. A novel mechanism for this cardioprotection may include paracrine actions. Cardiac surgery represents the unique situation where preischemia and postischemia treatment modalities exist that may use stem cell paracrine protection. This review (1) recalls the history of stem cells in cardiac disease and the unraveling of its mechanistic basis for protection, (2) outlines the pathways for stem cell-mediated paracrine protection, (3) highlights the signaling factors expressed, (4) explores the potential of using stem cells clinically in cardiac surgery, and (5) summarizes all human stem cell studies in cardiac disease to date.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. pcrisost@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Crisostomo
authors.forename: Meijing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Troy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Markel
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lahm
authors.forename: Aaron M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abarbanell
authors.forename: Jeremy L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Meldrum
mesh_terms: D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D019899:Paracrine Communication / Q000502:physiology*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013903:Thoracic Surgery; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor