title: Inhibitory effects of grape procyanidins on free radical-induced cell damage in rat hepatocytes in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the protective effect of grape procyanidins on oxidative injury induced by ethanol and carbon tetrachloride in rat hepatocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal rat hepatocytes as well as cells damaged by ethanol or carbon tetrachloride were incubated with different doses of grape procyanidins for 24 h. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and TNFalpha mRNA expression were subsequently determined using MTT assay, cell death ELISA and in situ hybridization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proliferative levels of the control cells from ethanol and CCl(4) injury groups significantly decreased while apoptosis and TNFalpha mRNA expression significantly increased compared to the normal control and grape procyanidins co-treatment groups (0.455 +/- 0.051 vs 0.318 +/- 0.045, P < 0.05). In comparison with the normal control, 50 and 100 mg/L grape procyanidins significantly stimulated cell growth, with a better effect observed with 100 mg/L grape procyanidins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Grape procyanidins inhibit the hepatocyte damage induced by ethanol and carbon tetrachloride, and stimulate normal hepatocyte proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition, Medical College of Qingdao University, 28 Deng Zhou Road, Qingdao 266021, Shandong Province, China. chinazhongww@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Jin-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Hong-Qun
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.forename: Li-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000431:Ethanol; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000633:toxicity; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000431:Ethanol; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride