title: Comparing asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in terms of symptoms of anxiety and depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the presence and severity of symptoms of anxiety and depression in individuals with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to evaluate symptoms of anxiety and depression, specific instruments of quantification (the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory, respectively) were administered to patients at an outpatient clinic for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The population comprised 189 randomly and prospectively selected patients that were divided into three study groups (each with a different therapeutic objective): 40 patients with controlled asthma, 100 patients with uncontrolled asthma, and 49 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Included among the variables studied, as part of the methodology, were symptoms of anxiety and depression. The data obtained were compared taking into consideration demographic and functional aspects, as well as the severity of the symptoms of anxiety and depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the asthma patients, the prevalence of moderate or severe anxiety was significantly higher than that observed among those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p < 0.001). The uncontrolled asthma group presented significantly higher rates of depressive symptoms than did the controlled asthma group (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of symptoms of anxiety and depression is greater among asthma patients than among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which can make clinical control difficult.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology and General Clinical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Neide Suzane
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Priscila Robles
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Maria do Patrocínio Tenório
authors.initials: Mdo P
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cukier
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stelmach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life