title: Preparation and characterization of poly(methyl methacrylate) - iron (III) oxide microparticles using a modified solvent evaporation method.
abstract: At present, there is widespread interest in developing new, biocompatible microparticles made from polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) that could have applications ranging from diagnostic imaging to drug delivery. In these experiments, there were two primary objectives: (1) to stabilize a suspension of iron (III) oxide (alpha-Fe(2)O(3); mean diameter = 100 nm) nanoparticles in a solution of PMMA by using an emulsifier and different mixtures of two miscible solvents; and (2) to fabricate PMMA-alpha-Fe(2)O(3) microparticles by using an oil-in-water (o/w) solvent evaporation method. By accomplishing the first objective, it was hypothesized that the encapsulation efficiency of alpha-Fe(2)O(3) within PMMA microparticles would improve and induce the clustering of alpha-Fe(2)O(3) along the circumferential edges of the microparticles. Of the seven emulsifiers tested, Tween 80 was selected primarily for its hydrophilicity and its ability to produce a stable alpha-Fe(2)O(3) dispersion. As a result, 22 batches of microspheres (11 with Tween 80 and 11 without) were made and the solvent (dichloromethane) to co-solvent (ethyl acetate) ratios were varied. Particles made with solvent mixtures of >50% ethyl acetate (<50% dichloromethane) were more likely to be hollow and had larger mean volumetric particle diameters (>5 microns) than particles made with mixtures containing >50% dichloromethane. Particles made with Tween 80 were larger, more porous, and had alpha-Fe(2)O(3) aligned along the circumferential edges of the particles. The use of solvent mixtures did not improve the encapsulation efficiency of alpha-Fe(2)O(3) but the use of ethyl acetate helped to induce the clustering of alpha-Fe(2)O(3) along the peripheries of the microparticles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
authors.forename: A Peter
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Morello
authors.forename: Roxanne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burrill
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mathiowitz
mesh_terms: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004355:Drug Stability; D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008863:Microspheres; D010316:Particle Size; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D012997:Solvents; C000499:ferric oxide; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate