title: Recurrent transfusion-related acute lung injury after a two-year interval.
abstract: Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a life-threatening complication of blood transfusion. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of TRALI are not well established. A Medline literature search shows only rare reports of recurrent TRALI, all occurring soon after the first episodes. We report a case of recurrent TRALI after a 2-year interval. A patient developed TRALI after transfusion of 4 units of fresh frozen plasma for gastrointestinal bleeding due to oesophageal varices in September 2002. The patient required mechanical ventilation but recovered completely. Two years later, in October 2004, the patient experienced a second episode of TRALI during liver transplantation for hepatitis C virus /alcoholic cirrhosis. Again, the patient recovered after ventilator support. Laboratory investigation of the first TRALI episode (2002) showed antibodies against class II human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in three female donors. Laboratory investigation of the second episode (2004) showed anti-DR52 (HLA class II) antibodies in one female donor matching the DR-52 HLA class II antigen in the recipient. TRALI can rarely recur. Consideration of future blood needs for patients experiencing recurrent TRALI should include preventive measures against further TRALI reactions, such as blood from male donors or blood less than 14 days old.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Krochmal
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Dwyre
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Raife
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Schlueter
mesh_terms: D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy; D007440:Intubation; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D012008:Recurrence; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D065227:Transfusion Reaction; D016896:Treatment Outcome