title: Heart rate elevation precedes the development of metabolic syndrome in Japanese men: a prospective study.
abstract: This observational study of Japanese men without metabolic syndrome (MetS) (age: 41+/-8 years) was conducted to clarify whether or not heart rate elevation precedes the development of full-blown MetS. MetS was defined based on two modifications of the criteria of the Japanese Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Metabolic Syndrome. Premetabolic syndrome subjects were defined as those having one component of MetS with increased body mass index (BMI). Among the subjects without MetS (n=1,859 when the BMI criterion was >or=25 and n=2,020 when the BMI criterion was >or=27.5), the incidence of progression to full-blown MetS by the time of the second examination at the end of the 3-year study period was higher in the subjects with premetabolic syndrome than in those without it. The receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis and binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio (OR) of a heart rate >or=69 beats/min at the first examination for progression to full-blown MetS by the time of the second examination was significant in subjects with premetabolic syndrome (BMI>or=25: OR=3.64 [1.22-10.88]; BMI>or=27.5: OR=3.67 [1.28-10.55]; p<0.05). Thus, heart rate elevation appears to precede the development of full-blown MetS in subjects with premetabolic syndrome. Heart rate seems to be a simple and useful marker for predicting the progression to full-blown MetS of middle-aged Japanese men with premetabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomiyama
authors.forename: Jiko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koji
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yambe
authors.forename: Kohki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Motobe
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiina
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamashina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*