title: Clinical and biological efficacy of preservative-free NAAGA eye-drops versus levocabastine eye-drops in vernal keratoconjunctivitis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This comparative and randomised pilot study assessed the clinical and biological efficacy of Naaxia Sine(R) eye-drops versus levocabastine eye-drops in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three VKC patients were randomised and treated bilaterally for 28 days with N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAGA) or levocabastine (LEVO) eye-drops. The primary efficacy variable, overall evolution of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) tear concentrations, was assessed in a masked fashion on D0, D7 and D28. Clinical symptoms and signs were reported at the same time points. Biological parameters were analysed with a non-parametric rank-based approach. Global tolerance was assessed by the investigator and patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At all time points, ECP tear levels were significantly reduced in the NAAGA compared with the LEVO group (p = 0.023). Reduction of eosinophil leucocytes and tear lymphocytes was higher not significant in the NAAGA group. The same trend was observed for the evolution of total ocular symptom score. There were no significant differences between treatment groups in the occurrence of adverse effects, except for burning which was more frequent in the LEVO group (p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anti-eosinophilic actions of NAAGA were shown by a significant reduction of ECP tear concentrations. A decreased lymphocyte count and an overall improvement of the symptomatology were also noted. Moreover, the tolerability of NAAGA appeared to be better.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Oculistica, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology Unit, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy. andrea.leonardi@unipd.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bremond-Gignac
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bortolotti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Violato
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pouliquen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Delval
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Grouin
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Fregona
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047150:Eosinophil Cationic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D039563:Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004151:Dipeptides; D039563:Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010880:Piperidines; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; C027172:isospaglumic acid; D047150:Eosinophil Cationic Protein; C047340:levocabastine