title: The use of typhoid vaccines in Asia: the DOMI experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two currently licensed typhoid vaccines have been evaluated in Asia, yet few Asian countries have considered including typhoid vaccines in their vaccination programs. The Diseases of the Most Impoverished (DOMI) Program was initiated to provide evidence to decide on the introduction of typhoid vaccines in Asian countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  The centerpiece of the program is a multidisciplinary demonstration project with Vi vaccine in 5 Asian countries. The project includes epidemiologic, economic, sociobehavioral, and policy studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Policy makers want evidence on which to base their vaccine-related decisions. The DOMI Program has provided updated information on the typhoid fever burden at several Asian sites. Cost-of-illness studies found high costs to governments and individuals. Sociobehavioral studies indicated a positive attitude toward typhoid vaccines. The results of the demonstration projects indicate that mass-immunization campaigns are feasible and acceptable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DOMI Program has begun to provide momentum for the evidence-based, rational introduction of typhoid vaccines into the public health programs of several Asian countries.
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, Kwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea. rlochiai@ivi.int
authors.forename: R Leon
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: Camilo J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.forename: Magdarina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agtini
authors.forename: Sujit K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: Zulfiqar A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Bhutta
authors.forename: Canh Gia
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Baiqing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Xinguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bonita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kaljee
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nyamete
authors.forename: Claudia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Galindo
authors.forename: Lorenz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: von Seidlein
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: DeRoeck
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jodar
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Clemens
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003906:Developing Countries; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D032541:Mass Vaccination; D008875:Middle Aged; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011204:Poverty Areas; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; C057664:Vi polysaccharide vaccine, typhoid