title: Using behavioral measurement to assess tumor progression and functional outcome after antiangiogenic treatment in mouse glioma models.
abstract: The objective of the current study was to investigate the behavioral changes of glioma-bearing nude mice and functional outcome from treatment with a novel antiangiogenesis regimen, which is a combination of monoclonal antibodies against both vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1 (MF1) and VEGFR-2 (DC101). The reliability and responsiveness of behavioral measurement with the rearing test were first examined in nude mice bearing two kinds of gliomas--9L gliosarcoma and U87 human glioma, which have different growth rates. Using immunohistochemical staining and fluorescent imaging techniques, upregulation of the angiogenesis marker VEGF, coincident with the abnormal neovascular architecture, was confirmed in the human U87 glioma model. The behavioral measurement was then applied to assess functional outcome with the combination antibody treatment in the orthotopic mouse model of human U87 glioma. The combination antibody therapy retarded tumor progression and delayed the onset of significant behavioral deficits. Histologically, tumor necrosis and apoptosis were increased and tumor cell proliferation was decreased after treatment. In clinical trials for novel interventions, functional end points typically are included in the assessment of potential efficacy. Because certain interventions that successfully treat tumor progression in animal models might interfere with compensatory neuroplasticity, functional measurement may be valuable for improving the clinical relevance of translational brain tumor research.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. grace_hyy@mail.utexas.edu
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chopp
authors.forename: Xuepeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Zhenggang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalkanis
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schallert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000276:immunology*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2