title: Control of in vitro immune responses by regulatory oligodeoxynucleotides through inhibition of pIII promoter directed expression of MHC class II transactivator in human primary monocytes.
abstract: Ag presentation is a key step in the initiation of adaptive immune responses that depends on the expression of MHC Ags and costimulatory molecules. Immune-enhancing CpG and non-CPG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) stimulate Ag presentation by stimulating the expression of these molecules and by promoting dendritic cell maturation. In this report, we identify immunoregulatory orthophosphorothioate non-CpG molecules, referred to as regulatory ODNs (rODNs), by their ability to inhibit allogeneic monocyte-stimulated T cell responses and down-regulate HLA-DR in human primary monocytes. The rODNs promoted the survival of macrophages and were able to activate IL-8 secretion through a chloroquine-resistant pathway. Messenger RNAs for HLA-DR alpha and beta and the MHC CIITA were reduced by rODNs but not by stimulatory CpG ODN2006 and non-CpG ODN2006a. CIITA transcription in monocytes was controlled primarily by promoter III and not by promoter I or IV. rODNs blocked promoter III-directed transcription of CIITA in these cells. Under conditions that induced dendritic cell differentiation, rODNs also reduced HLA-DR expression. The activity of rODNs is phosphorothioate chemistry and G stretch dependent but TLR9 independent. G tetrads were detected by circular dichroism in active rODNs and associated with high m.w. multimers on nondenaturing gels. Heat treatment of rODNs disrupted G tetrads, the high m.w. aggregates, and the HLA-DR inhibitory activity of the ODNs. The inhibition of immune responses by regulatory oligodeoxynucleotides may be useful for the treatment of immune-mediated disorders including autoimmune diseases and graft rejection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. jinhai.wang@fda.hhs.gov
authors.forename: Jinhai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roderiquez
authors.forename: Taneishia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McPhie
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Norcross
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000276:immunology*; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D059805:HLA-DR alpha-Chains; D006801:Humans; D007519:Isoantigens / Q000494:pharmacology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D059805:HLA-DR alpha-Chains; D007519:Isoantigens; C083728:MHC class II transactivator protein; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D015534:Trans-Activators