title: Immobilized-cell-augmented activated sludge process for treating wastewater containing hazardous compounds.
abstract: A novel bioaugmentation scheme called immobilized-cell-augmented activated sludge (ICAAS) was developed. Offline enricher reactors were used to maintain immobilized acclimated cells applied to augment completely mixed activated sludge (CMAS) treating a pentachlorophenol (PCP) pulse loading. Cellulose triacetate (CA) and powder activated carbon (PAC) combined with CA (PAC + CA) were the two media types used for entrapping the PCP-degrading culture. With ICAAS at 5% by volume augmentation, PCP removal of 73.1 and 75.1% via biodegradation, volatilization, and adsorption onto suspended cells, entrapped cells, and media was achieved for the systems with CA and PAC + CA media, respectively, while PCP removal in a control CMAS, which had a comparable level of combined PCP adsorption onto suspended cells and volatilization as the ICAAS, was 48.7%. Results further showed that the immobilized cells retained their PCP-degrading ability when they were fed with the inducer (PCP) once every 20 days.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Rungrod
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jittawattanarat
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kostarelos
authors.forename: Eakalak
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D000327:Adsorption; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010416:Pentachlorophenol / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010416:Pentachlorophenol