title: Reducing relapse and recurrence in unipolar depression: a comparative meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral therapy's effects.
abstract: Relapse and recurrence following response to acute-phase treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) are prevalent and costly. In a meta-analysis of 28 studies including 1,880 adults, the authors reviewed the world's published literature on cognitive-behavioral therapies (CT) aimed at preventing relapse-recurrence in MDD. Results indicate that after discontinuation of acute-phase treatment, many responders to CT relapse-recur (29% within 1 year and 54% within 2 years). These rates appear comparable to those associated with other depression-specific psychotherapies but lower than those associated with pharmacotherapy. Among acute-phase treatment responders, continuation-phase CT reduced relapse-recurrence compared with assessment only at the end of continuation treatment (21% reduction) and at follow-up (29% reduction). Continuation-phase CT also reduced relapse-recurrence compared with other active continuation treatments at the end of continuation treatment (12% reduction) and at follow-up (14% reduction). The authors discuss implications for research and patient care and suggest directions, with methodological refinements, for future studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO 63501-4221, USA. vittengl@truman.edu
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Vittengl
authors.forename: Lee Anna
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Todd W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Robin B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Jarrett
mesh_terms: D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D012008:Recurrence