title: An enhancer-like region regulates hrp3 promoter stage-specific gene expression in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
abstract: The asexual blood stage of Plasmodium falciparum is comprised of morphologically distinct ring, trophozoite and schizont stages. Each of these developmental stages possesses a distinct pattern of gene expression. Regulation of P. falciparum gene expression is thought to occur, at least in part, at the promoter level. Previously, we have found that although the hrp3 mRNA is only seen in ring-stage parasites, deletion of a specific sequence in the 5' end of the promoter region decreased ring-stage expression of hrp3 and enabled detection of its transcripts in trophozoite-stage parasites. In order to investigate this stage specific regulation of gene expression, we employed a series of nested deletions of the 1.7-kb hrp3 promoter. Firefly luciferase gene was used as a reporter to evaluate the role of promoter sequences in gene regulation. Using this approach, we identified a ring-stage specific regulatory region on the hrp3 promoter located between -1.7 kb and -1.1 kb from the ATG initiation codon. Small 100-150 bp truncations on this enhancer-like region failed to uncover discrete regulatory sequences, suggesting the multipartite nature of this element. The data presented in this study demonstrate that stage specific promoter activity of the hrp3 gene in P. falciparum blood stage parasites is supported, at least in-part, by a small promoter region that can function in the absence of a larger chromosomal context.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Life Sciences Bldg. Room 409B, The University of Memphis, 3774 Walker Ave. Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA. cestrano@memphis.edu
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: López-Estraño
authors.forename: Anusha M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gopalakrishnan
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Semblat
authors.forename: M Ross
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fergus
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mazier
authors.forename: Kasturi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haldar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site; D000099053:Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D000099053:Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein