title: Serum and bronchial lavage fluid concentrations of IL-8, SLPI, sCD14 and sICAM-1 in patients with COPD and asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Airway inflammation is associated with an increased expression and release of inflammatory reactants that regulate processes of cell migration, activation and degranulation. The purpose of this study was to quantify bronchial lavage (BAL) fluid and serum levels of chemokine (IL-8), secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), soluble intracellular adhesion molecules-1 (sICAM-1) and sCD14, as surrogate markers of inflammatory and immune response in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with similar disease duration time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biomarkers in serum and BAL fluid from asthma (n=13) and COPD (n=25) patients were measured using commercially available ELISA kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that in asthma and COPD groups the concentrations of IL-8 and SLPI are significantly higher in BAL fluid than in serum, while levels of sICAM-1 and sCD14 in BAL fluid are significantly lower than in serum. Of these 4 measured biomarkers, only the BAL IL-8 was higher in COPD patients when compared to asthma (P<0.05). In both groups, BAL IL-8 correlated with SLPI (r=0.577, P<0.01 and r=0.589, P<0.05, respectively). In patients with COPD the BAL sICAM-1 correlated with sCD14 (r=0.576, P<0.01), while in asthma patients BAL sICAM-1 correlated with FEV(1)/FVC (r=0.418, P<0.01). Moreover, in asthma patients the serum SLPI correlated with sCD14 (r=0.688, P<0.01) and serum sICAM-1 negatively correlated with FEV(1)/FVC (r=-0.582, P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings point to the importance of selecting a correct biological fluid when analyzing specific biomarkers, and also show that of 4 measured biomarkers, only the BAL IL-8 was higher in COPD patients when compared to asthma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, 20502 Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hollander
authors.forename: Brigita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sitkauskiene
authors.forename: Raimundas
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakalauskas
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Westin
authors.forename: Sabina M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Janciauskiene
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001249:Asthma / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D053481:Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016209:Interleukin-8; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; C506814:SLPI protein, human; D053481:Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1