Multiple micronutrient supplementation and dietary energy intake in pregnant women.
OBJECTIVE
To compare dietary intake of women supplemented with multiple micronutrients (MM) or iron only during pregnancy.


METHODS



METHODS
Randomized, double-blind, controlled community-based trial.


METHODS
One semi-urban community in Central Mexico.


METHODS
Pregnant women identified before week 13 of pregnancy, willing to provide informed consent.


METHODS
Women were randomly assigned to receive daily supplementation with MM or iron only from recruitment until delivery. Supplements were delivered to the participants' home and compliance observed daily. Dietary intake was assessed by repeat 24-hr recall. Data were analyzed using non-parametric tests and multiple regression analysis to determine the impact of MM supplementation on dietary intake of energy and select micronutrients.


RESULTS
During the third trimester, women in the MM group consumed more energy and iron from dietary sources than women in the iron only group. After adjustment for differences between the groups at baseline, women in the MM group consumed 111.3 kcal/day more (p<0.05) energy. The difference in iron intake was not significant after adjusting for the increase in energy intake.


CONCLUSIONS
Women consuming MM supplements during pregnancy increased energy intake from dietary sources without a concurrent increase in micronutrient density. Future studies should include measures of appetite and physical activity during pregnancy to determine the implications of additional energy intake for weight gain and retention.
de Lourdes Flores
María
M
Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico.
Neufeld
Lynnette M
LM
González-Cossío
Teresa
T
Rivera
Juan
J
Martorell
Reynaldo
R
Ramakrishnan
Usha
U
D000328:Adult; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011247:Pregnancy
D018977:Micronutrients; D007501:Iron