title: Ammonia and phosphorus removal in polishing ponds: a case study in southeast Brazil.
abstract: Ammonia and phosphorus removal were evaluated over four years monitoring of an experimental wastewater treatment plant in Brazil: initially a UASB reactor (real scale) + three shallow polishing ponds (pilot scale), afterwards a UASB + submerged aerated biofilter (BF) (real scale) + the same pond series. Shallow ponds (h < 0.90 m) provided considerable ammonia removal, but phosphorus removal was somewhat poorer. An equation was derived for the estimation of ammonia pond effluent, based on the same assumptions of the well known Pano and Middlebrooks model. According to the experimental data, an effluent suitable for aquaculture should be achieved with retention time of 25 days.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Engenharia Civil. 36570-000, Vigosa-MG, Brazil. rkxb@ufv.br
authors.forename: R K X
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Dornelas
authors.forename: F A L
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Assunção
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Nascimento
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D019149:Bioreactors; D001938:Brazil; D008954:Models, Biological; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus; D000641:Ammonia