title: Bulleyaconitine A isolated from aconitum plant displays long-acting local anesthetic properties in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bulleyaconitine A (BLA) is an active ingredient of Aconitum bulleyanum plants. BLA has been approved for the treatment of chronic pain and rheumatoid arthritis in China, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors examined (1) the effects of BLA on neuronal voltage-gated Na channels in vitro under the whole cell patch clamp configuration and (2) the sensory and motor functions of rat sciatic nerve after single BLA injections in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BLA at 10 microm did not affect neuronal Na currents in clonal GH3 cells when stimulated infrequently to +50 mV. When stimulated at 2 Hz for 1,000 pulses (+50 mV for 4 ms), BLA reduced the peak Na currents by more than 90%. This use-dependent reduction of Na currents by BLA reversed little after washing. Single injections of BLA (0.2 ml at 0.375 mm) into the rat sciatic notch not only blocked sensory and motor functions of the sciatic nerve but also induced hyperexcitability, followed by sedation, arrhythmia, and respiratory distress. When BLA at 0.375 mm was coinjected with 2% lidocaine (approximately 80 mm) or epinephrine (1:100,000) to reduce drug absorption by the bloodstream, the sensory and motor functions of the sciatic nerve remained fully blocked for approximately 4 h and regressed completely after approximately 7 h, with minimal systemic effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BLA reduces neuronal Na currents strongly at +50 mV in a use-dependent manner. When coinjected with lidocaine or epinephrine, BLA elicits prolonged block of both motor and sensory functions in rats with minimal adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. wang@zeus.bwh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Chi-Fei
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gerner
authors.forename: Sho-Ya
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ging Kuo
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000157:Aconitine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D031841:Aconitum / Q000737:chemistry*; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000700:Analgesics; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D015222:Sodium Channels; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; C052509:bulleyaconitine A; D008012:Lidocaine; D000157:Aconitine; D004837:Epinephrine