title: The International Adoption Project: population-based surveillance of Minnesota parents who adopted children internationally.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct the first population-based surveillance in the United States of parents who adopted children from countries outside of the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 556-item survey was mailed to 2,977 parents who finalized an international adoption in Minnesota between January 1990 and December 1998; 1,834 (62%) parents returned a survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-eight percent of the parents reported transracial adoptions (97% of the parents were white); 57% of the adopted children were Asian; 60% were female; and on average, the children were 18 months-old at the time of placement. Only 15% of the parents reported household annual incomes less than $50,000 and 71% reported they had college educations. Sixty-one percent traveled to their child's country of birth prior to the adoption. Almost three-quarters involved their children in experiences related to their birth countries and 98% would recommend international adoption. Three-quarters of the parents believe that parental leave was an issue for them as they adopted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first population-based survey of U.S. parents who have adopted internationally. The adoptive parents were socioeconomically different than birth parents in Minnesota and their families are most likely to be transracial. Because international adoption has become more prevalent, it is important to understand the strengths and needs of families that are created through this unique form of migration.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Hellerstedt@epi.umn.edu
authors.forename: Wendy L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Hellerstedt
authors.forename: Nikki J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: Megan R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gunnar
authors.forename: Harold D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Grotevant
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dana E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000300:Adoption / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001208:Asia / Q000208:ethnology; D002489:Central America / Q000208:ethnology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004641:Emigration and Immigration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005061:Europe, Eastern / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007391:International Cooperation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota; D010290:Parents; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013020:South America / Q000208:ethnology