title: Rate control in patients with pacemaker affected by brady-tachy form of sick sinus syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In sinus node disease (SND) atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATs) may frequently occur, after implant of a pacemaker for bradycardia, and are to be managed by rate or rhythm control.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated ventricular heart rate (HR) during AT, AT-related symptoms and hospitalizations in 333 patients who received DDDRP pacemakers for SND.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In days with 24 hours of AT, mean daily HR during AT was > 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120 beats per minute (bpm) in 191 (57%), 114 (34%), 55 (16%), 23 (7%), and 11 (3%) patients, respectively. The proportion of patients with a mean daily HR > 80 bpm during AT despite the use of rate control agents was 28% among patients treated with calcium-channel blockers, 43% with digoxin, 49% with a combination of agents, 54% with amiodarone, 64% with sotalol, and 69% with beta blockers. Patients with HR > 100 bpm experienced a higher prevalence of both AT-related hospitalizations and cardiovascular hospitalizations than those with HR < or = 100 bpm (36% vs 21%, P = .013; 42% vs 28%, P = .003) and a significantly higher number of AT-related symptoms (1.8 +/- 0.9 vs 1.4 +/- 1.0, P = .008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limited attention has been dedicated to rate control in patients with pacemaker. This is the first study to evaluate the prevalence and implications of inappropriate rate control in patients with pacemaker. We found that in a substantial proportion of patients with SND who have recurrent ATs despite pacing, mean daily HR during AT is high and that these patients present increased hospitalizations and more symptoms, thus suggesting the need to improve rate control.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, University of Bologna and Azienda Ospedaliera S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy. giuseppe.boriani@unibo.it
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boriani
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Padeletti
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santini
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gulizia
authors.forename: Serafino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orazi
authors.forename: GianLuca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Botto
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capucci
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biffi
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martignani
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vimercati
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: DiStefano
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grammatico
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D012804:Sick Sinus Syndrome / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents