title: The transesophageal Doppler and hemodynamic effects of epidural anesthesia in infants anesthetized with sevoflurane and sufentanil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is thought that pediatric epidural anesthesia (EA) provides hemodynamic stability in children. However, when compared with information relating to adults, little is known about the hemodynamic effects of epidural EA on cardiac output (CO) in infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using transesophageal Doppler to monitor CO, we prospectively studied 14 infants <10 kg who were scheduled for abdominal surgery. During sevoflurane general anesthesia, CO transesophageal Doppler monitoring was performed before and after lumbar EA with 0.75 mL/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine and 1:200,000 adrenaline. CO, arterial blood pressure, and heart rate were measured before and 5, 15, and 20 min after performance of EA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients anesthetized with sevoflurane and sufentanil, EA resulted in an increase in stroke volume by 29% (P < 0.0001) and a decrease in heart rate by 13% (P < 0.0001). EA also induced a significant decrease in systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure, and systemic vascular resistance by 11%, 18%, 15%, and 25%, respectively. Conversely, CO remained unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase in stroke volume observed is probably explained by optimization of afterload because of the sympathetic blockade induced by EA. These results confirm that EA provides hemodynamic stability in infants weighing <10 kg and supports the use of EA in this pediatric population.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation et Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur-Equipe d'Accueil (UPRES-EA 392), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monsel
authors.forename: Amelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvat-Toussaint
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baujard
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rouleau
authors.forename: Souad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: El Aouadi
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Benhamou
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asehnoune
mesh_terms: D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D017409:Sufentanil / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D017409:Sufentanil