title: Tissue uptake of thyroid hormone by amino acid transporters.
abstract: Thyroid hormones (THs) -- thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) -- are iodinated derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine, which regulates growth, development and critical metabolic functions. THs are taken up by target cells and act at the genomic level via nuclear thyroid receptors. Saturable transport mechanisms mediate the greater part of TH movement across the plasma membrane. System L1 permease is a transporter of THs and amino acids in mammalian adipose tissue, placenta and brain. T(3) is also a substrate of a putative System T transporter, which is selective for aromatic amino acids. The activity and functional mechanisms of these transporters can be crucial to cells in determining both their hormone sensitivity and their responses to change in circulating hormone concentrations or availability of competing substrates (e.g. amino acids). TH transporters are potentially important pharmacological targets in the design of novel or improved therapies for thyroid-related disorders.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Physiology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, UK. p.m.taylor@dundee.ac.uk
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: James W A
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ritchie
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D026905:Amino Acid Transport Systems / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010661:Phenylketonurias / Q000378:metabolism; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D026905:Amino Acid Transport Systems; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D014364:Tryptophan