title: Static accommodative responses following adaptation to differential levels of blur.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of two levels of blur adaptation on visual resolution and steady-state accommodation responses in emmetropes and myopes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven emmetropes (mean refractive error +0.01 +/- 0.31 DS) and 11 early-onset myopes (EOM, mean refractive error -4.44 +/- 1.64 DS) fixated monocularly at 4 m in three trials of 45 min duration with either: optimal refractive correction, +1 DS defocus, or +3 DS defocus. Monocular logMAR visual acuity (VA) was measured at 10 min intervals during each trial, and immediately following completion of the trial. Accommodative stimulus-response function (ASRF), refractive error and pupil size were measured before and after each trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blur adaptation was found to have no effect on pupil size or baseline refraction, irrespective of the power of the blurring lens. Adaptation to +1 DS of defocus yielded an improvement in VA of -0.16 +/- 0.07 logMAR and -0.17 +/- 0.11 logMAR in the emmetropes and myopes respectively. An improvement in VA of -0.20 +/- 0.18 logMAR in the emmetropes and -0.26 +/- 0.17 logMAR in the myopes was observed following adaptation to +3 DS of defocus. The changes in acuity became significant following 30 min of exposure to defocus. Blur adaptation was found to have no effect on the ASRF gradient or individual steady-state accommodative responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Following blur adaptation, visual resolution was found to increase in both emmetropes and myopes. The magnitude of the blur level did not produce significantly different increases in resolution. Blur adaptation failed to affect either the steady-state responses to an accommodative stimulus or ASRF gradient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cufflin
authors.forename: Charlotte A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hazel
authors.forename: Edward A H
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mallen
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000221:Adaptation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology*; D005556:Form Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology