title: [Treatment of spastic upper limb with botulinum toxin].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Examination of the effect of local botulinum toxin treatment on spastic upper limb, in patients with various brain injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study at the Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation Unit of the National Institute for Medical Rehabilitation in the year 2003 and 2004. Thirteen patients (eight with stroke and five with traumatic brain injury) were treated locally on the spastic upper limb with 100 units botulinum A toxin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spasticity decreased one or two level on Modified Ashworth Scale, and in nine cases the good result were observed still at the end of 3rd month. No local or other complication was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local treatment with botulinum toxin is an effective and safe method to decrease spasticity on upper limb in patients with various brain injuries.
authors.affiliation: Országos Orvosi Rehabilitációs Intézet, Koponya-agysérültek Rehabilitációs Osztálya, Budapest. z.denes@rehabint.hu
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dénes
authors.forename: Miklós
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fehér
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Várkonyi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D010243:Paralysis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A