title: Increased adiponectin secretion by highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid in rodent models of obesity and human obese subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fish oil rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) or n-3 PUFAs have been shown to reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease. Here we investigated the effect of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on production of adiponectin, the only established antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory adipocytokine, in rodent models of obesity and human obese subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrated that EPA increases adiponectin secretion in genetically obese ob/ob mice and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. In the in vitro coculture of adipocytes and macrophages, EPA reversed the coculture-induced decrease in adiponectin secretion at least in part through downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in macrophages. We also showed significant increase in plasma adiponectin concentrations in human obese subjects after a 3-month treatment with EPA (1.8 g daily). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that EPA treatment is the only independent determinant of plasma adiponectin concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that EPA increases adiponectin secretion in rodent models of obesity and human obese subjects, possibly through the improvement of the inflammatory changes in obese adipose tissue. Because EPA has reduced the risk of major coronary events in a large-scale, prospective, randomized clinical trial, this study provides important insight into its therapeutic implication in obesity-related metabolic sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suganami
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Kanami
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanimoto-Koyama
authors.forename: Xunmei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Miyako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aoe
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeya
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimatsu
authors.forename: Hideshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuzuya
authors.forename: Yasutomi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005234:Fatty Liver; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008820:Mice, Obese; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D014280:Triglycerides; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid