title: The effects of organophosphate pesticide exposure on Hispanic children's cognitive and behavioral functioning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the effects of Organophosphate (OP) pesticides exposure on the cognitive and behavioral functioning of Hispanic children living in an agricultural community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight children were administered a battery of cognitive measures, and their parents and teachers completed behavior rating scales. Children provided a urine sample for analysis of OP pesticides metabolites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All children had a detectable level of at least one OP pesticide metabolite. Higher OP pesticide metabolite concentration levels were significantly correlated with poorer performance on some subtests of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. However, the significance of this association was dependent upon the inclusion of two samples with noticeable higher OP pesticide metabolite concentration levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term OP pesticide exposure seems to have deleterious effects on children's speed of attention, sequencing, mental flexibility, visual search, concept formation, and conceptual flexibility. This study is among a relatively small number of studies investigating an extremely complex problem. Limitations and suggestions for future studies are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Pupil Services and Special Education, Chula Vista Elementary School District, 84 E J Street, Chula Vista, CA 91910, USA. psanchez@cvesd.k12.ca.us
authors.forename: Patricia Sánchez
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Lizardi
authors.forename: Mary Kay
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D001130:Arizona / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D010755:Organophosphates; D010575:Pesticides