title: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy without using any energy source.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the gold standard treatment for symptomatic cholecystolithiasis, is still not absolutely safe. Use of energy sources for routine dissection thought to be a facilitator has unfortunately been a cause of significant morbidity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of performing a safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy without using any energy sources.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 2005 to April 2006, 38 consecutive patients of symptomatic cholecystolithiasis without any exclusion criteria underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with this technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean operative time was 33 minutes (25-96). There was no perioperative hemodynamic instability, need for blood transfusion, technical difficulty, need for conversion, or any visceral injury. Majority of patients (34 out of 38) were discharged as day cases. Postoperative follow-up was uneventful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be safely performed without resorting to use of any energy sources.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India. endosurgeon@gmail.com
authors.forename: Brij B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Sneh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Krishan C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Mahajan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000601:surgery; D041761:Cholecystolithiasis / Q000601:surgery; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods; D004322:Drainage; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005705:Gallbladder Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009078:Mucocele / Q000601:surgery; D010351:Patient Discharge; D012449:Safety; D013997:Time Factors