title: H pylori infection and other risk factors associated with peptic ulcers in Turkish patients: a retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and evaluate the relative impact of H pylori infection and other risk factors on the occurrence of gastric ulcer (GU), duodenal ulcer (DU) and gastritis in Turkish patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 4471 patients (48.3% female) out of 4863 attended the Samatya hospital in Istanbul (June 1999-October 2003) were included. The records of H pylori status (CLO-test), endoscopic findings of GU, DU and gastritis, personal habits (smoking, alcohol intake) and medication [non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin intake] were analyzed using multi-way frequency analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have found that GU in the presence of H pylori had significant association with aspirin (P=0.0001), alcohol (P=0.0090) and NSAIDs (P=0.0372). DU on the other hand had significant association with aspirin/smoking/NSAIDs (P=0.0259), aspirin/alcohol (P=0.0002) and aspirin/smoking (P=0.0233), also in the presence of H pylori. In the absence of H pylori GU had significant association with alcohol/NSAIDs (P=0.0431), and NSAIDs (P=0.0436). While DU in the absence of H pylori had significant association with smoking/alcohol/ NSAIDs (P=0.0013), aspirin/NSAIDs (P=0.0334), aspirin/alcohol (P=0.0360).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the presence of H pylori, aspirin, alcohol and NSAIDs intake act as an independent risk factors that had an augmenting impact on the occurrence of GU and only together on the occurrence of DU in Turkish patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology/Microbiology unit, Faculty of Science and Literature, Fatih University, B.cekmece, Istanbul, Turkey. basalih@fatih.edu.tr
authors.forename: Barik A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Salih
authors.forename: M Fatih
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Abasiyanik
authors.forename: Nizamettin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bayyurt
authors.forename: Ersan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sander
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005756:Gastritis / Q000209:etiology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000431:Ethanol; D001241:Aspirin