title: Maternal occupation and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a Finnish population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is accumulating evidence that the type of work and environmental exposures in the working environment may have adverse effects on foetal development.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the risk of low birth weight (LBW), small-for-gestational age (SGA) and pre-term delivery (PD) in broad categories of maternal occupation including farming and forestry; factory, mining and construction; office, non-manual and service work and housewives.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 2568 singleton newborns of women who participated in The Finnish Prenatal Environment and Health Study after the delivery (response rate 94%). Information on maternal occupation and work during pregnancy was collected after the delivery. The health outcomes were LBW (<2500 g), SGA and PD (<37 weeks).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In newborns of women working in factories, mining and construction, the risk of LBW (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-11.62), SGA (adjusted OR 1.53, 95% CI 0.73-3.21), but not the risk of PD (adjusted OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.19-2.22), was higher compared with newborns of housewives. In newborns of farmers and forestry workers, the risks of PD (adjusted OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.01-5.65), LBW (adjusted OR 2.86, 95% CI 0.78-11.58) and SGA (adjusted OR 1.51, 95% CI 0.62-3.65) were all elevated. In office, non-manual and service workers, the corresponding estimates were lower (LBW: 1.62, 0.67-3.95; SGA: 1.45, 0.92-2.28; PD: 1.18, 0.69-2.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were substantial differences in the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes between the main branches of industry.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Parvez
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Jouni J K
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jaakkola
mesh_terms: D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D009790:Occupations; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects