title: Regulatory polymorphisms of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene are associated with the development of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
abstract: The aim of this study is to determine whether the polymorphisms of the MDR1 gene are associated with the development of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The MDR1 gene polymorphisms, -2352 G>A, -934A>G, -692T>C (5' regulatory region) and 3435C>T (exon 26), were examined in 157 ALL patients and 96 healthy children. The amounts of MDR1 mRNA were quantified in 54 healthy individuals using normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells to evaluate the effect of each polymorphism on the gene expression. The frequency of the G/G genotype of the -2352 G>A was significantly higher in ALL than in controls (74/109 versus 52/96, p=0.04). The frequency of the T/T genotype of the 3435C>T was also significantly higher in ALL (29/118 versus 10/96, p=0.006). In a haplotype analysis using the 5' regulatory sites, the frequency of a certain haplotype was higher in ALL than in controls (59/90 versus 42/88, p=0.048). When the -2352G>A was examined in different age groups, patients aged six or older were found to have the G/G genotype more frequently than the controls (42/51 versus 52/96, p=0.0014), while no difference was observed in the younger age group. The amounts of MDR1 mRNA were significantly higher in either G/G or G/A genotype of the -2352 G>A than in A/A genotype (p=0.04). The present study suggests that the genetic background of MDR1 may be associated with the development of childhood ALL, possibly due to a quantitative change in the MDR1 gene resulting from genetic polymorphisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. hhattori@pediatr.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Aiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suminoe
authors.forename: Morimasa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Yuhki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Kimitoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Akinobu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D017354:Point Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: C513055:ABCB1 protein, human; D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger