title: Human shaped thumb bone tissue engineered by hydrogel-beta-tricalciumphosphate/poly-epsilon-caprolactone scaffolds and magnetically sorted stem cells.
abstract: Traumatic amputation of a thumb with bone loss leaves a patient in severe disability. Reconstructive procedures are restricted by limited shape and have the disadvantage of severe donor-site morbidity. To overcome these limitations, we used a tissue engineering approach to create a distal thumb bone phalanx, combining magnetically sorted 133+ human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) suspended in successful tested hydrogels for bone formation and porous 3-dimensionally printed scaffolds (3DP) in the shape of a distal thumb bone phalanx. Collagen I and fibrin glue hydrogels with suspended hMSCs were first histologically evaluated in vitro for bone formation after 6 weeks. Then 3DP scaffolds, made from a mix of osteoinductive and -conductive beta-tricalciumphosphate (beta-TCP) and poly-epsilon-caprolactone (PCL), with hydrogels and suspended hMSCs, were implanted into nude mice subcutaneously for 15 weeks. Histologic evaluation, high-resolution volumetric CT (VCT) scanning, and biomechanical testing confirmed formation of bonelike tissue. Both hydrogels with CD 133+ hMSCs on 3DP scaffolds supported bone formation. Collagen I resulted in radiologically better bone formation. Bone tissue can be successfully tissue engineered with CD 133+ hMSCs, collagen I hydrogels, and porous 3DP beta-TCP/PCL scaffolds.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Organ Fabrication, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weinand
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Eli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: Ijad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Madisch
authors.forename: Jesse B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jupiter
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vacanti
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002208:Caproates; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007783:Lactones; D008280:Magnetics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D015530:Nuclear Matrix / Q000502:physiology*; D013933:Thumb; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002208:Caproates; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D020100:Hydrogels; D007783:Lactones; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; C121056:caprolactone