title: Regulation of parathyroid hormone mRNA stability by calcium, phosphate and uremia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review focuses on the regulation of parathyroid hormone gene expression by dietary-induced hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia and uremia. Understanding the mechanism by which calcium and phosphate regulate parathyroid hormone gene expression is important for both normal physiology and in pathological states, especially chronic kidney disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Calcium and phosphate regulate parathyroid hormone secretion, gene expression and, if prolonged, parathyroid cell proliferation. Chronic kidney disease is characterized by a high serum phosphate level that often leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism. In the rat, regulation of parathyroid hormone gene expression by calcium, phosphate and uremia is posttranscriptional, affecting mRNA stability. Differences in binding of protective trans-acting proteins to a conserved protein-binding cis-acting instability element in the parathyroid hormone mRNA 3'-untranslated region alter parathyroid hormone mRNA stability. Two trans-acting proteins - adenosine-uridine rich binding factor 1 and Up-stream of N-ras- stabilize parathyroid hormone mRNA in vivo and in vitro. Parathyroid hormone mRNA also interacts with mRNA decay-promoting proteins and ribonucleases that lead to parathyroid hormone mRNA degradation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calcium, phosphate and uremia determine parathyroid hormone mRNA stability through the binding of the protective factors adenosine-uridine rich binding factor 1 and Up-stream of N-ras and the recruitment of a degradation complex that cleaves parathyroid hormone mRNA.
authors.affiliation: Minerva Center for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. tally@huji.ac.il
authors.forename: Tally
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naveh-Many
authors.forename: Morris
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nechama
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000502:physiology; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000081035:Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein D0; D034502:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein D / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017674:Hypophosphatemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014511:Uremia / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; C513558:Csde1 protein, rat; C000630986:HNRNPD protein, human; D000081035:Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein D0; D034502:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein D; C000630988:Hnrnpd protein, rat; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins