title: Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of bovine blood in animal feed.
abstract: The feeding of ruminant proteins to ruminants is prohibited in most countries because the practice is thought to be responsible for the spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. However, currently available methods to detect ruminant blood products in rendered feedstuffs are inadequate because they lack species specificity, tissue specificity, and are not based on a thermostable analyte. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for this study that provides reliable and sensitive (0.05-0.5% v/v) detection of bovine blood materials in animal feed. The new sandwich ELISA employs two previously developed monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), Bb6G12 as the capture antibody and biotinylated MAb Bb3D6 as the detecting antibody, and is bovine-specific and blood-specific. The assay is based on the detection of a 60 kDa thermostable protein in bovine blood and provides a useful regulatory tool for monitoring fraudulent labeling or contamination of bovine blood in both heat-processed feedstuffs and unprocessed raw materials.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Bovine; blood; monoclonal antibody; sandwich ELISA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-1493, USA.
authors.forename: Jack A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ofori
authors.forename: Yun-Hwa P
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling; D006358:Hot Temperature; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001798:Blood Proteins