title: Functional capacity and changes in the neurohormonal and cytokine status after long-term CRT in heart failure patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigated the effects of long-term cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on the neurohormonal and cytokines levels in CHF patients and its correlation with changes in functional capacity (peak VO(2) and VO(2) AT) and left ventricular function (LVEF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), norepinephrine (NE), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 1 (TNF alpha R1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were collected from 22 patients of the PATH-CHF II study (LVEF< or =30%, NYHA II-IV and QRS> or =120 ms) at baseline and at the 12-month follow-up. Peak VO(2), VO(2) AT and LVEF were recorded. All patients were implanted with a CRT device using atrioventricular sequential left ventricular pacing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CRT led to a significant improvement of peak VO(2) (from 13+/-2.4 ml/kg/min to 14.8+/-2.8 ml/kg/min, p<0.05) and VO(2) AT (from 9+/-2 ml/kg/min to 10.1+/-1.9 ml/kg/min, p<0.05). LVEF increased significantly from 22.2+/-6.2% at baseline to 32+/-10.1% at 12-month follow-up (p<0.05). A significant reduction of BNP (from 332.9+/-295.2 to 193.4+/-253 pg/ml, p=0.049) and NE (410.6+/-306.0 to 274.4+/-174.3 ng/l, p=0.027) was also observed with CRT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term CRT is associated with a significant decrease of BNP and NE levels and a significant improvement in functional capacity and LVEF.
authors.affiliation: Heart Center Brandenburg in Bernau/Berlin-Department of Cardiology, Germany. m.seifert@immanuel.de <m.seifert@immanuel.de>
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schlegl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hoersch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fleck
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doelger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stockburger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Butter
mesh_terms: D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009638:Norepinephrine