[Epidemiological study of the effects of smoking cigarette on thyroid gland].
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on thyroid gland volume, thyroid function and thyroid autoantibodies in the areas with different iodine intakes.


METHODS
A cross-sectional epidemiological study in Panshan (mild iodine-deficient area), Zhangwu (more than adequate iodine intake area) and Huanghua (iodine-excessive area) was conducted in 3761 subjects in 1999.80.2 % of them were followed up in 2004. Questionnaires, thyroid function, thyroid autoantibodies, urinary iodine concentration,and thyroid B ultrasound were performed.


RESULTS
The prevalence of goiter was higher in smokers than in non-smokers (15.1% vs. 11.5%, P< 0.05). The average thyroid volume was higher in smokers with phenomenon more obvious in Panshan and Huanghua areas. Data from logistic analysis showed that smoking cigarette was an independent risk factor of goiter. There was no difference in serum TSH and Tg level between smokers and non-smokers. The positive rate of TPOAb (>100 IU/ml) was higher in smokers than in non-smokers(10.8% vs. 9.0 % , P <0.05) and was especially obvious in Huanghua area. Smoking was a independent risk factor of increasing positive rate of TPOAb. During the prospective observation,it was found that the incidence of positive TPOAb(>,100 IU/ml) was 7.4% in the subjects that were from non-smokers turning to smokers and 2.9% in those whose smoking behavior did not change. Logistic analysis indicated that the shifting from non-smoking to smoking was independent risk factor for the increase on high incidence of positive TPOAb.


CONCLUSIONS
Smoking cigarette was a independent risk factor of goiter. Smoking was also a risk factor of increasing TPOAb positive rate. Shifting from not smoking to smoking was an independent risk factor of increasing high incidence of positive TPOAb.
Gu
Xiao-Lan
XL
Department of Endocrinology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
Mao
Jin-yuan
JY
Shan
Zhong-yan
ZY
Teng
Xiao-chun
XC
Teng
Di
D
Guan
Hai-xia
HX
Li
Yu-shu
YS
Yu
Xiao-hui
XH
Fan
Chen-ling
CL
Chong
Wei
W
Yang
Fan
F
Dai
Hong
H
Yu
Yang
Y
Li
Jia
J
Chen
Yan-yan
YY
Zhao
Dong
D
Yang
Rong
R
Jiang
Ya-qiu
YQ
Li
Chen-yang
CY
Teng
Wei-ping
WP
D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006042:Goiter / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood
D001323:Autoantibodies; D013963:Thyroid Hormones