title: TGF-beta combined with M-CSF and IL-4 induces generation of immune inhibitory cord blood dendritic cells capable of enhancing cytokine-induced ex vivo expansion of myeloid progenitors.
abstract: Tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) may be valuable in transplantation for silencing immune reaction. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)/IL-4 induces differentiation of cord blood (CB) monocytes into DCs (M-DCs) with tolerogenic phenotype/function. We assessed whether factors produced by tolerogenic DCs could modulate hematopoiesis. TGF-beta1 added to CB M-DC cultures induced bona fide DC morphology (TGF-M-DCs), similar to that of DCs generated with TGF-beta and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)/IL-4 (TGF-GM-DCs). Of conditioned media (CM) produced from TGF-M-DCs, TGF-GM-DCs, M-DCs, and GM-DCs, TGF-M-DC CM was the only one that enhanced SCF, Flt3 ligand, and TPO expansion of myeloid progenitor cells ex vivo. This effect was blocked by neutralizing anti-M-CSF Ab, but protein analysis of CM suggested that M-CSF alone was not manifesting enhanced expansion of myeloid progenitors. LPS-stimulated TGF-M-DCs induced T-cell tolerance/anergy as effectively as M-DCs. TGF-M-DCs secreted significantly lower concentrations of progenitor cell inhibitory cytokines and were less potent in activating T cells than TGF-GM-DCs. Functional differences between TGF-M-DCs and TGF-GM-DCs included enhanced responses to LPS-induced ERK, JNK, and P38 activation in TGF-M-DCs and their immune suppressive-skewed cytokine release profiles. TGF-M-DCs appear unique among culture-generated DCs in their capability for silencing immunity while promoting expansion of myeloid progenitors, events that may be of therapeutic value.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Walther Oncology Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5181, USA.
authors.forename: Geling
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abediankenari
authors.forename: Young-June
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Timothy B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Graham-Evans
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Hal E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Broxmeyer
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023461:Myeloid Progenitor Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D015847:Interleukin-4; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor