title: [Epidemiological study of the effects of smoking cigarette on thyroid gland].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on thyroid gland volume, thyroid function and thyroid autoantibodies in the areas with different iodine intakes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional epidemiological study in Panshan (mild iodine-deficient area), Zhangwu (more than adequate iodine intake area) and Huanghua (iodine-excessive area) was conducted in 3761 subjects in 1999.80.2 % of them were followed up in 2004. Questionnaires, thyroid function, thyroid autoantibodies, urinary iodine concentration,and thyroid B ultrasound were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of goiter was higher in smokers than in non-smokers (15.1% vs. 11.5%, P< 0.05). The average thyroid volume was higher in smokers with phenomenon more obvious in Panshan and Huanghua areas. Data from logistic analysis showed that smoking cigarette was an independent risk factor of goiter. There was no difference in serum TSH and Tg level between smokers and non-smokers. The positive rate of TPOAb (>100 IU/ml) was higher in smokers than in non-smokers(10.8% vs. 9.0 % , P <0.05) and was especially obvious in Huanghua area. Smoking was a independent risk factor of increasing positive rate of TPOAb. During the prospective observation,it was found that the incidence of positive TPOAb(>,100 IU/ml) was 7.4% in the subjects that were from non-smokers turning to smokers and 2.9% in those whose smoking behavior did not change. Logistic analysis indicated that the shifting from non-smoking to smoking was independent risk factor for the increase on high incidence of positive TPOAb.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking cigarette was a independent risk factor of goiter. Smoking was also a risk factor of increasing TPOAb positive rate. Shifting from not smoking to smoking was an independent risk factor of increasing high incidence of positive TPOAb.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Lan
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Jin-yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Zhong-yan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Xiao-chun
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Hai-xia
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Yu-shu
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiao-hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chen-ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yan-yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ya-qiu
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Chen-yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei-ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Teng
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006042:Goiter / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D013963:Thyroid Hormones