title: On a characteristic of cortical arousals in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the frequency and duration of those arousals exceeding fifteen seconds in length, in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
  
  
  METHODS
  The polysomnographic tracings from fifty consecutive patients with obstructive sleep apnea were carefully analyzed to delineate the duration of each arousal event. These data were then collated to define the frequency of arousals of differing durations, and the impact thereof on the total time spent in an arousal state.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respiratory event related prolonged arousals (> or = 15 seconds) were identified in 100% of the patients. These longer arousals accounted for 22% of all arousals, and 37% of all arousal time. The frequency of the arousals decreased with CPAP treatment, as did the time spent in an arousal state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with obstructive sleep apnea experience frequent respiratory event associated cortical arousals, many of which are greater than fifteen seconds in duration. There is the potential for these more prolonged arousals to be scored as epochs of Wake, which may result in their being reported as contributing to Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) time, rather than as distinct arousals. This may result in an under-appreciation of both the frequency with which these prolonged arousals may occur, and the potential effect these arousals may have on the severity of the sleep fragmentation.
authors.affiliation: The Tampa Sleep Center, University Community Hospital, Tampa, Florida 33613, USA. thetampasleepcenter@att.net
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Pat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moxley
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Longman
mesh_terms: D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020189:Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D017286:Polysomnography; D012107:Research Design; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology