title: Frequency of the metabolic syndrome in adult type 2 diabetics presenting to Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of metabolic syndrome in both genders, in a limited adult type 2 diabetic population presenting to Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross sectional study conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital. During the six months of study period, 106 adult type 2 diabetics were examined and evaluated for the presence of metabolic syndrome according to the ATP-III criteria. Asian standards for the waist circumference were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 106 patients, 91 (85.8%) had metabolic syndrome of whom 95% were females. Abdominal obesity was present in 91% females and 86% males. Low HDL levels were present in all females and 83% males. Seventy eight percent females and 63% males had elevated levels of triglycerides. Hypertension was present in 68% and 73% females and males respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed a very high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in type2 diabetic population. Females were more affected than males in all respects.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohsin
authors.forename: Jamal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zafar
authors.forename: Yasir Bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Nisar
authors.forename: Sayed Muhammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Imran
authors.forename: Kashif
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zaheer
authors.forename: Bushra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khizar
authors.forename: Rizwan Aziz
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Qazi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors