title: Topic avoidance and family functioning in families conceived with donor insemination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While a move away from non-disclosure and secrecy toward more openness is demonstrated in the changing practices of donor insemination worldwide, scholars and practitioners continue to debate the effects of disclosure versus secrecy. This study examines if an association exists between adult donor offspring's perceptions of their parents' use of topic avoidance to maintain secrecy, and their perceptions of their family's functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a cross-sectional design, a convenience sample of 69 young adult donor offspring completed a demographic questionnaire, a topic avoidance scale relative to each of their rearing parents, and the Beavers Self Report Family Instrument.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a moderate significant inverse correlation between family functioning and topic avoidance in general, as well as for donor insemination-related topics, for both mothers (r = -0.55, r = -0.40, respectively, P <or= 0.01) and fathers (r = -0.53, r = -0.50, respectively, P <or= 0.01), even after controlling for demographic variables. Disclosure by both parents jointly was associated with higher family functioning than disclosure under other circumstances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While this study is limited by the convenience sampling, the correlational design and measuring offspring's subjective perceptions, findings suggest that the information about donor conception should not be held secret from offspring and that the parents should disclose jointly.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City, NY 11530, USA.
authors.forename: Marilyn S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Roni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007316:Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014342:Truth Disclosure