title: The distinct effects of subchronic antipsychotic drug treatment on macronutrient selection, body weight, adiposity, and metabolism in female rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment with some antipsychotic drugs may result in excessive body weight gain which can have detrimental effects on patient compliance, morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of atypical antipsychotic drugs on dietary macronutrient selection, body weight, body composition and biochemical parameters related to obesity in female rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty pair-housed, adult female hooded-Lister rats (250 +/- 5 g) were habituated to three diets containing principally protein, fat, or carbohydrate in a home cage self-selection paradigm. Olanzapine (2 mg/kg), risperidone (0.5 mg/kg), ziprasidone (2.5 mg/kg), or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally once daily for 22 days; food selection, water intake, and body weight were recorded daily, while body composition and plasma hormones (insulin, glucose, nonesterified free fatty acid, total cholesterol, glycerol, triacylglycerol, leptin, and prolactin) were analyzed at the end of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only olanzapine significantly increased body weight and food intake. Macronutrient selection was significantly altered after olanzapine and risperidone treatment (increased protein and decreased fat preference). Only olanzapine increased carcass fat content. Locomotor activity was significantly reduced in all treatment groups. Both olanzapine and risperidone significantly increased plasma prolactin. Olanzapine was without effect on any other biochemical parameter measured. Ziprasidone significantly reduced plasma leptin and nonsignificantly reduced NEFA, while risperidone significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports our previous work demonstrating weight gain and increased feeding behavior induced by olanzapine and could have important implications for enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms by which olanzapine and other atypical antipsychotics induce weight gain in the clinic.
authors.affiliation: Bradford School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK. Fell_matthew@lilly.com
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fell
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Anjum
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dickinson
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Peltola
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vickers
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheetham
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Neill
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004326:Drinking / Q000187:drug effects; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000187:drug effects*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011388:Prolactin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D018967:Risperidone / Q000494:pharmacology; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D010879:Piperazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D014280:Triglycerides; D001569:Benzodiazepines; C092292:ziprasidone; D011388:Prolactin; D002784:Cholesterol; D018967:Risperidone; D000077152:Olanzapine; D005990:Glycerol