Orange pulp improves antioxidant status and suppresses lipid peroxidation in orchidectomized male rats.
OBJECTIVE
Oxidative stress is linked to an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in men. The objective of this research was to delineate whether daily consumption of orange pulp (OP) modifies antioxidant status and decreases cardiovascular risk factors in orchidectomized rats.


METHODS
In the present study, 45 1-y-old male rats were randomized to a sham-control group (n = 9) and an orchidectomized group (n = 36). The orchidectomized group was equally divided among the following five treatments: orchidectomy (ORX), ORX + 2.5% OP, ORX + 5% OP, and ORX + 10% OP. One hundred twenty days after the study began, all rats were sacrificed and plasma was harvested for its antioxidant status, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid profile, and indices of peroxidation. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities in the liver were also monitored.


RESULTS
Orchidectomy decreased (P < 0.05) plasma levels of antioxidant, SOD, catalase, and CRP and increased (P < 0.05) plasma levels of malondialdehyde, nitrite, and lipid profile compared with the sham-control group. In contrast to ORX, ORX + OP increased (P < 0.05) plasma antioxidant, dose-dependently increased (P < 0.05) SOD and catalase, decreased (P < 0.05) plasma malondialdehyde, nitrite, cholesterol, and triacylglycerol concentrations in the liver; and had no effect (P > 0.1) on plasma CRP or lipid profiles.


CONCLUSIONS
The beneficial effect of eating an orange is demonstrated by the increasing antioxidant status and by the decreasing peroxidation independent of plasma triacylglycerol, cholesterol, or CRP concentrations.
Deyhim
Farzad
F
Human Sciences, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas, USA. farzad.deyhim@tamuk.edu
Villarreal
Arnulfo
A
Garcia
Kristi
K
Rios
Ryan
R
Garcia
Claudia
C
Gonzales
Cheri
C
Mandadi
Kranthi
K
Patil
Bhimanagouda S
BS
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D009919:Orchiectomy; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D000975:Antioxidants; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase