title: Hostile personality traits and coronary artery calcification in middle-aged and older married couples: different effects for self-reports versus spouse ratings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between hostile personality traits and coronary artery disease (CAD) and the role of aspects of hostility, method of assessment, and age as influences on its magnitude, as prior studies of hostility and coronary artery calcification (CAC) have produced conflicting findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included 300 married couples (mean age = 54.4 years) free from diagnosed CAD. Participants completed four measures of hostility-self-reports and spouse ratings of angry hostility (i.e., tendency to experience anger) and antagonism (i.e., argumentative, mistrusting, and cold interpersonal behavior).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In hierarchical random regression models accounting for dependency between husbands' and wives' observations, analyses of log-transformed Agatston scores indicated that self-reports of angry hostility and antagonism were not related to CAC. However, spouse ratings of both anger and antagonism were significantly associated with CAC severity. Interactions with age indicated that these associations occurred only among older participants. Control of behavioral and biomedical risk factors did not eliminate these effects. Antagonism but not anger was an independent predictor of CAC when considered simultaneously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hostility is associated with concurrent asymptomatic CAD as assessed through CAC, but this effect is likely to be underestimated when hostility is assessed through self-reports rather than ratings by others and in samples with lower prevalence and severity of CAC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0251, USA. tim.smith@psych.utah.edu
authors.forename: Timothy W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Bert N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Uchino
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Florsheim
authors.forename: Gale
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: Paul N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Hyo-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed