title: Radiosensitizing effects of plumbagin in cervical cancer cells is through modulation of apoptotic pathway.
abstract: Radiotherapy is the primary line of cancer treatment for cervical cancer and is known to induce cell death in tumors. Radiotherapy is however limited by the total dose that can be given without damaging normal tissue. Plumbagin, a naturally occurring naphthaquinone, has been reported to have free radical producing properties. Hence we hypothesized that plumbagin could also have properties that could modify effects of radiation on cervical cancer cells. Radiation in combination with plumbagin may thus have treatment augmenting effects. Results from our studies have shown that a lower dose of radiation in combination with plumbagin could induce apoptosis more effectively compared to a higher dose of radiation alone. Plumbagin in combination with 2 Gy of radiation was very effective in inducing apoptosis, when compared to a higher radiation dose of 10 Gy alone. This combination also showed a fivefold increase in the activation of caspase 3 in C33A cells. Activation of effector caspases confirms that the induction of apoptosis by irradiation and plumbagin involves caspase-dependent pathways. Expression of apoptotic regulatory molecules Bcl-2, Bax and Survivin was also modulated by plumbagin in combination with radiation. In summary, this study shows that a combination of plumbagin and radiation augmented cell growth inhibition compared to higher radiation dose alone, thus indicating that plumbagin may be a potential radiosensitizer acting through the induction of apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
authors.forename: Sreekala
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Raghu Ram K
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Srinivas
authors.forename: Gopal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Srinivas
authors.forename: M Radhakrishna
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Pillai
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001940:Breast / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000528:radiation effects; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy
chemical_list: D009285:Naphthoquinones; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; C014758:plumbagin