title: Alterations of the sense of self and personality in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that alterations of subcomponents ('harm-avoidance') of personality and the sense of Self in patients with PD would be associated with executive cognitive dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four patients with PD and 17 age-matched controls with chronic disease were assessed with a set of neuropsychologic, personality and mood tests as well as an experimental assessment of the sense of Self.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On personality and self tests, PD patients evidenced higher harm avoidance, lower novelty seeking scores, and lower recall rates of personally experienced events from childhood than controls and this PD personality profile was associated with poor performance on neuropsychologic tests of executive prefrontal function. PD patients, however, did not differ significantly from controls in their subjectively felt congruence between their present Selves and their hoped-for Selves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that harm-avoidance personality and Self-related changes of PD are due, in part, to a memory disorder associated with frontal dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, MA 02130, USA. mcnamar@bu.edu
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.forename: Raymon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Durso
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D010551:Personality; D010556:Personality Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D012649:Self Concept