title: Urban voices: the quality-of-life experience among women of color with breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Research on the health-related quality of life (HRQL) among women of color (i.e., Hispanics and African Americans) with breast cancer suggests that they may be at elevated risk for a variety of physical and psychosocial sequelae. The context in which these women perceive, experience, and respond to these HRQL challenges can provide important information for planning a culturally appropriate palliative care treatment plan.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an effort to understand the quality of life experience after breast cancer among women of color, this study describes the nature and impact of physical, emotional, and menopausal symptoms among African American (n = 8) and Hispanic (n = 12) breast cancer survivors based on qualitative data gathered through semistructured interviews. Themes were identified and categorized into six HRQL domains: physical (e.g., pain, nausea), psychological (e.g., sadness, irritability), cognitive (e.g., memory problems), sexual (e.g., decreased desire), social/functional (e.g., financial strain, social distress), and spiritual/existential (e.g., increased faith, spiritual coping), with high interrater reliability (kappa = .81).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For both groups, physical issues had a major impact on HRQL, with psychological issues being additionally salient for Hispanic women. Most (88%) African American women voiced positive changes in their faith after diagnosis whereas 50% of Hispanic women viewed faith as an important way of coping with breast cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research broadens our understanding of the experience of breast cancer among ethnic minority women, and in turn, offers some key directions for guiding the development of culturally tailored HRQL interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fatone
authors.forename: Alyson B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Moadel
authors.forename: Frederick W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jandorf
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City; D010146:Pain; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011788:Quality of Life; D019529:Sexuality