title: Peri-implant bone regeneration with calcium sulfate: a light and transmission electron microscopy case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Calcium sulfate is a simple, biocompatible material with a very long, safe clinical history in several different fields of medicine. It is a rapidly resorbing material that leaves behind calcium phosphate lattice, which promotes bone regeneration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was a histological and ultrastructural evaluation of the tissues in a peri-implant site regenerated with calcium sulfate.
  
  
  METHODS
  The specimens were processed for observation under light and transmission electron microscopes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In light microscopy, trabecular bone was present. No remnants of calcium sulfate were present. Transmission electron microscopy showed, in the areas of the interface with the implant surface, features of mature bone with many osteocytes. An amorphous layer and/or osteoid seam separated this mature bone from the metal surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirm the high biocompatibility and rapid resorption of calcium sulfate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Histology and Biomaterials, Implant Retrieval Center, Dental School, University of Chieti, Via F. Sciucchi 63, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scarano
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orsini
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pecora
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iezzi
authors.forename: Vittoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perrotti
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piattelli
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015921:Dental Implants; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D015921:Dental Implants; D002133:Calcium Sulfate