title: Cloninger's typology and treatment outcome in alcohol-dependent subjects during pharmacotherapy with naltrexone.
abstract: Naltrexone is an opiate receptor antagonist mainly at the micro-receptor that is thought to reduce the positively reinforcing, pleasurable effects of alcohol and to reduce craving. An increase in time to first relapse to heavy drinking has been the most consistent finding obtained with naltrexone, although not all trials including two of the largest have been positive. Inconsistent outcome data suggest that effectiveness varies among different subgroups of patients. This paper re-evaluates recent data on the effectiveness of naltrexone in subjects differentiated according to Cloninger Type I and II. Moreover, it combines and cross-validates results of two recent European studies that found naltrexone treatment more beneficial in alcohol-dependent patients with early age at onset of drinking problems (Cloninger Type II). It is discussed whether especially these subjects should be targeted for pharmacological relapse prevention treatment with naltrexone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Germany. falk.kiefer@zi-mannheim.de
authors.forename: Falk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kiefer
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Arriero
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diehl
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rubio
mesh_terms: D000077443:Acamprosate; D000328:Adult; D000427:Alcohol Deterrents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011613:Psychotherapy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012008:Recurrence; D013030:Spain; D013654:Taurine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000427:Alcohol Deterrents; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D013654:Taurine; D009271:Naltrexone; D000077443:Acamprosate