title: The difficult management of patients with respiratory segmental dystonia.
abstract: Respiratory dystonia is a rare and difficult to diagnose disorder, that causes breathing restriction of various degrees. The objective of the study is to report the case of a patient with respiratory dystonia involving the larynx and the pharynx and its evolution concerning spasms intensity and control.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 24 year-old-man has been followed for 5 years. The diagnosis was made by means of nasofibroscopy and electromyography. Treatment was carried out with laryngeal and pharyngeal Botulin toxin injections, as it became necessary for symptoms control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The difficult management can be secondary to the lack of knowledge on the etiology and physiopathology of the impairment, and because of the limitations in the treatment of associated respiratory symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo.
authors.forename: Noemi Grigoletto
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: De Biase
authors.forename: Paulo Augusto de Lima
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pontes
authors.forename: Vanier Junior
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Vanessa Pedrosa
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Priscila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zambonato
authors.forename: Reinaldo Kazuo
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Yazaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004421:Dystonia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins