title: Racial and gender differences in adolescent sexual attitudes and longitudinal associations with coital debut.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Delay of sexual debut is an important strategy in reducing the risk of negative adolescent health outcomes. Race and gender are known to be related to sexual behavior and outcomes, but little is known about how these characteristics affect sexual attitudes. This article examines differences in coital and pregnancy attitudes by gender and race, the influence of attitudes on transition to first coitus for each subgroup, and implications for prevention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data are from Waves I and II of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, limited to Non-Hispanic White and African American adolescents (n = 6652). We factor analyzed attitude items, and examined effects of race, gender, and their interaction, controlling for sexual debut at Wave I. We regressed sexual debut longitudinally by attitudes for virgins (n = 3281) separately for each subgroup, controlling for covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with boys, girls perceived less positive benefits from sex and more shame and guilt with sex, but had fewer negative perceptions about pregnancy. Compared with White boys, African American boys perceived less shame and guilt about sex; girls did not differ by race. Higher perceived benefits of sex increased the likelihood of sexual debut among African American girls. Perceived shame and guilt lowered the likelihood for White boys and girls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reinforcing protective attitudes through gender and race-specific programs may delay sexual intercourse, but more research is needed. More research is also needed to determine whether there is an optimal coital age after which negative health outcomes are attenuated, and whether this differs by gender and race.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Juanita J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cuffee
authors.forename: Denise D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Hallfors
authors.forename: Martha W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Waller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001290:Attitude; D003075:Coitus / Q000523:psychology*; D003268:Contraception Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence / Q000517:prevention & control; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors