Predicting slitlike ventricles in children on the basis of baseline characteristics at the time of shunt insertion.
OBJECTIVE
Slit ventricle syndrome (SVS) is a delayed complication of shunt insertion and occurs only in children with slitlike ventricles after shunt placement. Although SVS appears to be related to early shunt placement, its predisposing factors are largely unknown.


METHODS
Baseline data in 737 children who had received shunts were obtained from the databases of two previous clinical trials. Ventricular size before shunt placement and at the last routine follow up was measured using the frontooccipital horn ratio (FOHR). Ventricles with an FOHR less than or equal to 0.2 at follow up were classified as slitlike ventricles. A univariate analysis was performed on data obtained in children with more than 1 year of clinical and radiographic follow up to identify risk factors for developing slitlike ventricles. These results were entered into a multivariate analysis to identify independent predictors of slitlike ventricles. Two hundred forty-four children had more than 1 year of clinical and radiographic follow-up data. The 23 patients (9.4%) who developed slitlike ventricles had shunts inserted at a younger age (42 compared with 134 days, p = 0.09) and were more likely to have developed hydrocephalus secondary to infection (37.5%), head injury (25.0%), or aqueductal stenosis (22.2%). Slitlike ventricles were seen in 10.8% of patients with differential-pressure valves, 10.5% of patients with Delta valves, and 3.6% of patients with Orbis-Sigma valves (p = 0.007). Regression analysis supported the role of the valve type in developing slitlike ventricles.


CONCLUSIONS
Age at shunt insertion and valve type appear to be the modifiable risk factors for developing slitlike ventricles. If the authors of subsequent studies can further validate these conclusions, slow-draining valves and delayed shunt insertion might be used to decrease the incidence of slitlike ventricles and SVS.
Kan
Peter
P
Department of Neurosurgery, Primary Children's Medical Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84113, USA.
Walker
Marion L
ML
Drake
James M
JM
Kestle
John R W
JR
D000367:Age Factors; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology*; D002535:Cerebral Aqueduct; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D007223:Infant; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011379:Prognosis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors