title: Portion sizes and obesity: responses of fast-food companies.
abstract: Because the sizes of food portions, especially of fast food, have increased in parallel with rising rates of overweight, health authorities have called on fast-food chains to decrease the sizes of menu items. From 2002 to 2006, we examined responses of fast-food chains to such calls by determining the current sizes of sodas, French fries, and hamburgers at three leading chains and comparing them to sizes observed in 1998 and 2002. Although McDonald's recently phased out its largest offerings, current items are similar to 1998 sizes and greatly exceed those offered when the company opened in 1955. Burger King and Wendy's have increased portion sizes, even while health authorities are calling for portion size reductions. Fast-food portions in the United States are larger than in Europe. These observations suggest that voluntary efforts by fast-food companies to reduce portion sizes are unlikely to be effective, and that policy approaches are needed to reduce energy intake from fast food.
authors.affiliation: New York University, Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York, NY 10012, USA. lisa.young@nyu.edu
authors.forename: Lisa R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nestle
mesh_terms: D001835:Body Weight; D002253:Carbonated Beverages; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005523:Food Supply / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D040541:Marketing / Q000639:trends; D008460:Meat; D008612:Menu Planning / Q000639:trends; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology*; D050177:Overweight; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012147:Restaurants / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011198:Solanum tuberosum; D014481:United States