title: Blood flow restriction during low-intensity resistance exercise increases S6K1 phosphorylation and muscle protein synthesis.
abstract: Low-intensity resistance exercise training combined with blood flow restriction (REFR) increases muscle size and strength as much as conventional resistance exercise with high loads. However, the cellular mechanism(s) underlying the hypertrophy and strength gains induced by REFR are unknown. We have recently shown that both the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and muscle protein synthesis (MPS) were stimulated after an acute bout of high-intensity resistance exercise in humans. Therefore, we hypothesized that an acute bout of REFR would enhance mTOR signaling and stimulate MPS. We measured MPS and phosphorylation status of mTOR-associated signaling proteins in six young male subjects. Subjects were studied once during blood flow restriction (REFR, bilateral leg extension exercise at 20% of 1 repetition maximum while a pressure cuff was placed on the proximal end of both thighs and inflated at 200 mmHg) and a second time using the same exercise protocol but without the pressure cuff [control (Ctrl)]. MPS in the vastus lateralis muscle was measured by using stable isotope techniques, and the phosphorylation status of signaling proteins was determined by immunoblotting. Blood lactate, cortisol, and growth hormone were higher following REFR compared with Ctrl (P < 0.05). Ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) phosphorylation, a downstream target of mTOR, increased concurrently with a decreased eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2) phosphorylation and a 46% increase in MPS following REFR (P < 0.05). MPS and S6K1 phosphorylation were unchanged in the Ctrl group postexercise. We conclude that the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway appears to be an important cellular mechanism that may help explain the enhanced muscle protein synthesis during REFR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA. fujita@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Micah J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Drummond
authors.forename: Jerson G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cadenas
authors.forename: Hans C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Dreyer
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Volpi
authors.forename: Blake B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020652:Peptide Elongation Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D020652:Peptide Elongation Factor 2; D019344:Lactic Acid; D010649:Phenylalanine; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C069329:RPS6KA1 protein, human; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases