title: Use of the amplified mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test in a public health laboratory: test performance and impact on clinical care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis Direct Test (MTD; Gen-Probe; San Diego, CA) is a nucleic-acid amplification test for rapid pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis. In a routine public health setting, test accuracy and impact on clinical decisions are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospectively, we evaluated MTD accuracy and impact on clinical decisions in a public health setting. To estimate MTD accuracy, mycobacterial culture was used as the "gold standard." To evaluate MTD impact on clinical decisions, concordance of clinician presumptive diagnosis (at time of MTD and smear availability) and definitive diagnosis, and duration of nonindicated tuberculosis therapy were determined for smear-positive PTB suspects in a period of MTD availability (MTD group) and a prior period of MTD nonavailability (non-MTD group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,151 respiratory specimens from 638 PTB suspects were analyzed. MTD sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 91.7%, 98.7%, 96.7%, and 96.5% overall, respectively; and 98.7%, 97.8%, 98.7%, and 97.8% for smear-positive patients; and 62.2%, 98.9%, 85.2%, and 96.1% for smear-negative patients. In the MTD group, concordance between definitive and clinician presumptive diagnoses was 78% (95% confidence interval [CI], 64 to 88%), similar to that for the non-MTD group (79%; 95% CI, 68.4 to 89.6%). However, concordance between definitive diagnosis and the MTD test was 98% (95% CI, 94.1 to 100%). Median duration of nonindicated tuberculosis treatment was 6 days for the MTD group vs 31 days for the non-MTD group (p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this public health setting, MTD was accurate and rapidly detected more than half of the smear-negative PTB cases. For smear-positive PTB suspects, MTD had excellent concordance with definitive diagnosis, but clinicians often inappropriately initiated TB therapy despite a negative MTD result.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Room 1M-06, 1550 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
authors.forename: Renata L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: Nancy M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alborz
authors.forename: Derek T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maltas
authors.forename: Julia A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kiehlbauch
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Dorman
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015980:Public Health Practice; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*