Scheduled oral analgesics and the need for opiates in children following partial dorsal rhizotomy.
OBJECTIVE
Postoperative epidural morphine is commonly used to control pain in children following dorsal rhizotomy for spasticity. The authors report their experience in using a regimen of scheduled minor analgesic drugs to manage postoperative pain, with the goal of avoiding opiate use following a spinal intradural procedure.


METHODS
Postoperative pain scores were analyzed in a group of 22 children who underwent a partial dorsal rhizotomy. According to a preestablished standard regimen for postoperative pain control after dorsal rhizotomy, in each patient an intraoperative epidural catheter was placed for the potential infusion of postoperative morphine. Additionally, this cohort underwent a scheduled regimen of acetaminophen (10 mg/kg) and ibuprofen (10 mg/kg), alternating every 2 hours. For comparison, a retrospective chart review was performed in 20 patients with rhizotomies completed prior to the use of this oral analgesic protocol. Only one patient received a postoperative dose of morphine epidurally. None of the remaining patients required postoperative epidural morphine for pain control. Pain scores were significantly lower in this group compared with a retrospective review of patients treated according to the standard regimen. Length of hospital stay was shorter in these patients and antiemetic requirements were lower.


CONCLUSIONS
A regimen of minor analgesic therapy, when given in alternating doses every 2 hours immediately after partial dorsal rhizotomy for spasticity and throughout hospitalization, significantly reduced postoperative pain scores, hospitalization, and antiemetic requirements in these patients.
Tubbs
R Shane
RS
Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA. rstubbs@uab.edu
Law
Charles
C
Davis
Drew
D
Shoja
Mohammadali M
MM
Acakpo-Satchivi
Leslie
L
Wellons
John C
JC
Blount
Jeffrey P
JP
Oakes
W Jerry
WJ
D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000284:Administration, Oral; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019051:Rhizotomy / Q000379:methods*
D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000082:Acetaminophen; D009020:Morphine; D007052:Ibuprofen