title: Pre-emptive analgesic effect of tramadol after mandibular third molar extraction: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared the efficacy of tramadol given before or immediately after surgical extraction of an impacted mandibular third molar under local anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind pilot study, 3 groups of 20 patients each were included: tramadol preoperative, 100 mg intramuscularly (IM) 1 hour before surgery (group A); tramadol postoperative, 100 mg IM immediately after surgery (group B); and saline (group C). We evaluated intensity of pain and analgesic consumption as was requested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analgesic efficacy measured as complete relief of pain at 24 hours was 86% in the preemptive tramadol compared with 70% and 36% for postoperative tramadol administration and control group. A significant reduction in the consumption of analgesics was seen in preoperative group as compared with the postoperative and control groups. Adverse events were minimal and similar in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests the preemptive use of tramadol as an alternative for the acute pain treatment after the removal of an impacted mandibular third molar carried out under local anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
authors.forename: Amaury
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pozos-Guillen
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martinez-Rider
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aguirre-Banuelos
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perez-Urizar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000601:surgery*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D014095:Tooth, Impacted / Q000601:surgery; D014147:Tramadol / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D014147:Tramadol