title: Augmentation as a treatment complication of restless legs syndrome: concept and management.
abstract: Augmentation constitutes the main complication of long-term dopaminergic treatment in restless legs syndrome (RLS). Although this condition was first described in 1996, and is characterized by an overall increase in severity of RLS symptoms (including earlier onset of symptoms during the day, faster onset of symptoms when at rest, expansion to the upper limbs and trunk, and shorter duration of the treatment effect), precise diagnostic criteria were not established until 2003. These criteria have recently been updated to form a new definition of augmentation based on multicentric studies. The present article reviews our current knowledge on clinical diagnosis, evaluation, pathophysiology, and treatment recommendations for this condition.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Research Institute, Alberto Alcocer 19, 28036 Madrid, Spain. dgb@iis.es
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: García-Borreguero
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Benes
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Earley
authors.forename: Svenja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Happe
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Högl
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kohnen
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Paulus
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rye
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Winkelmann
mesh_terms: D018450:Disease Progression; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents