title: Protective effect of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside on ochratoxin A-mediated damage in the rat.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to verify whether the oral administration of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside (C3G) might counteract damage induced by chronic exposure (28 d) to ochratoxin A (OTA) in rats and if its effect may be mediated by haeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats, individually caged, were divided into four groups of ten animals. A control group received a commercial diet, group C3G received the control diet supplemented with C3G (1 g/kg feed), group OTA received the control diet supplemented with 200 parts per billion of OTA, and group OTA+C3G received the OTA group diet supplemented with C3G (1 g/kg feed). After 4 weeks of treatment animals were killed and the liver, kidneys and brain of each rat were collected and homogenised to evaluate non-proteic thiol groups (RSH), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) levels, HO-1 expression and DNA fragmentation. Rats of the OTA group showed a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in RSH content of kidney and liver and a significant (P < 0.001) increase of LOOH in all the examined tissues compared with the control group. In the OTA+C3G group both RSH content and LOOH levels were similar to those observed in the control group, demonstrating that C3G was able to counteract the effects of OTA. A significant (P < 0.001) induction of HO-1 was evident in kidney and liver of both OTA and C3G groups. DNA damage occurred in all the examined tissues of the OTA group, whereas C3G was able to prevent it. The present study confirmed that the effects of OTA are mediated by oxidative stress and demonstrated that C3G efficiently counteracted deleterious effects of OTA because of its antioxidant and HO-1-inducing properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Medical Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Catania, Vle A. Doria 6, 95100 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Giacomo
authors.forename: Rosaria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Acquaviva
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piva
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sorrenti
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vanella
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Piva
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Casadei
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: La Fauci
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ritieni
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bognanno
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Renzo
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Barcellona
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morlacchini
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galvano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D002273:Carcinogens; D005960:Glucosides; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D009793:Ochratoxins; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; C462279:cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside; C025589:ochratoxin A; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1