title: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha single nucleotide polymorphisms are not independent of HLA class I in UK Caucasians with adult onset idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene, in UK Caucasian idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, case-control study of four TNF-alpha SNPs was undertaken, comparing cases of polymyositis (PM) (n = 121), dermatomyositis (DM) (n = 109) and myositis overlapping with other connective tissue diseases (CTD-overlap) (n = 73) with normal subjects (n = 177). Subgroup analyses were undertaken after stratifying for myositis specific/associated antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TNF-308A allele demonstrated a strong association with each myositis disease subgroup vs controls [PM, odds ratio (OR) 2.8, 95% confidence interval 1.9-4.3; DM, OR 2.5, 1.6-3.8; CTD-overlap, OR 3.3, 2.1-5.1]. The TNF-308GA/AA genotype frequency was significantly increased vs controls (PM, OR 3.7, 2.1-6.3; DM, OR 3.2, 1.8-5.5; CTD-overlap, OR 5.0, 2.6-9.6) suggesting a dominant model. The association was strongest in patients possessing anti-aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetase (anti-synthetase) (OR 5.1, 3.3-8.0) or -PM-Scl (OR 5.0, 2.7-8.9) antibodies. The -1031T allele was also a significant risk factor in DM (OR 2.2, 1.4-3.6), anti-synthetase (OR 2.9, 1.6-5.3) and -PM-Scl (OR 5.6, 1.9-6.4) antibody positive patients. The TNF-308A association was lost after adjusting for HLA-B*08, but remained independent of HLA-DQB1*02 (both are alleles forming part of the common ancestral haplotype). The HLA-B*08/TNF-308A/DRB1*03/DQA1*05/DQB1*02 haplotype was a risk factor in all myositis subgroups vs controls (OR 3.0, 1.8-5.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNF-308A and -1031T alleles are significant risk factors in the IIMs. In the IIMs, the TNF-308A allele is part of the common ancestral haplotype, but is not independent of HLA-B*08.
authors.affiliation: The University of Manchester, Rheumatic Diseases Centre, Hope Hospital, Salford, M6 8HD.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chinoy
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salway
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fertig
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Tait
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Oddis
authors.forename: W E R
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Ollier
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003882:Dermatomyositis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009220:Myositis / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017285:Polymyositis / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha