title: Blood pressure control in Italy: results of recent surveys on hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Blood pressure (BP) control is reported to be poor in hypertensive patients worldwide.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  BP levels, the rate of BP control, prevalence of risk factors and total cardiovascular risk were assessed in a large cohort of hypertensive patients, derived from recent surveys performed in Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen studies on hypertension, performed in different clinical settings (general population, general clinical practice, specialist outpatient clinics and hypertension centres) over the past decade were considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall sample included 52 715 hypertensive patients (26 315 men and 26 410 women, mean age 57.3 +/- 6.9 years). Despite the high percentage of patients on stable antihypertensive treatment (n = 36 556, 69%), mean systolic and diastolic BP levels were 147.8 +/- 8.5 and 89.5 +/- 5.2 mmHg, respectively. On the basis of the nature of the study (population surveys or clinical referrals), systolic BP levels were consistently higher than the normality threshold in both settings (142.6 +/- 12.4/84.8 +/- 3.7 mmHg and 150.4 +/- 4.6/91.9 +/- 4.1 mmHg, respectively). The BP stratification could be assessed in 40 829 individuals: 4.5% had optimal, 9.2% normal and 8.3% high-normal BP levels, however, the large majority were in grade 1 (39%) or grades 2-3 (32.6%) hypertension. In the overall sample, 55.9% of hypertensive patients had hypercholesterolemia, 28.7% were smokers, 36.4% were overweight or obese and 15.0% had diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular risk stratification was assessed in 37 813 hypertensives: 23.2% had low, 33.9% moderate, 30.2% high and 12.7% very high added risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analysis demonstrates the persistence of poor BP control and high prevalence of risk factors, supporting the need for more effective, comprehensive and urgent actions to improve the clinical management of hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, II Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy. massimo.volpe@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Volpe
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tocci
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trimarco
authors.forename: Enrico Agabiti
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rosei
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Borghi
authors.forename: Ettore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ambrosioni
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Menotti
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zanchetti
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mancia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents