title: Food and nutrient intakes and K-ras mutations in exocrine pancreatic cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No studies have investigated the relation between K-ras mutations and dietary factors in exocrine pancreatic cancer (EPC), and fewer than 10 studies have done so in other neoplasms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incident cases of EPC were prospectively identified, and interviewed face-to-face during hospital admission. Food and nutrient intakes were measured with a food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to compare EPC cases (n = 107) with and without K-ras mutations (case-case study).
  
  
  RESULTS
  K-ras mutations were more common among daily consumers of milk and other dairy products than among non-daily consumers: the odds ratio adjusted by total energy, age, sex, smoking, alcohol and coffee consumption (ORa) was 5.1 (95% CI 1.1 to 24.5, p = 0.040). For all dairy products, including butter, the ORa for the medium and upper tertiles of intake were 5.4 and 11.6, respectively (p for trend = 0.023). The ORa for regular coffee drinkers further adjusted by dairy consumption was 4.7 (95% CI 1.1 to 20.7, p = 0.043). K-ras mutated cases reported a lower intake of vitamin E (ORa = 0.2, p for trend = 0.036), polyunsaturated fats and omega 3 fatty acids (ORa = 0.2; p for trend <0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results support the hypothesis that in EPC exposure to specific dietary components or contaminants may influence the occurrence or persistence of K-ras mutations.
authors.affiliation: Clinical & Molecular Epidemiology of Cancer Unit, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer del Dr Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Porta
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vioque
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pumarega
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Malats
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crous-Bou
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.forename: Juli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rifà
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrato
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guarner
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Corominas
authors.forename: Francisco X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Real
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005502:Food / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires