title: [Inequalities in clinical breast examination in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil].
abstract: This cross-sectional population-based survey focused on the coverage of clinical breast examination (CBE) in women 20 to 60 years of age in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, and described the factors associated with lack of CBE. The outcome was defined as having received a CBE by a physician during the year prior to the interview. Two different multivariate models were analyzed. Among the 1,026 women included in the sample, 556 (54.2%; 95%CI: 51.1-57.2) had received CBEs. Multivariate analysis including the entire sample of women showed that low socioeconomic status (SES) was the only variable associated with not having a CBE. In the other multivariate model (only women who had consulted physicians in the previous year, with or without CBE), a statistically significant effect was found for both SES and skin color. Thus, low SES was significantly associated with lack of CBE in both models. However, in the model limited to women with physician consultations in the previous year, skin color was the main factor for receiving CBE, suggesting that once differences in initial access to the health service were overcome, white women had a higher probability of receiving a clinical breast examination as part of their consultation.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brasil. jcosta@epidemio-ufpel.org.br
authors.forename: Juvenal Soares
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dias-da-Costa
authors.forename: Maria Teresa Anselmo
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Olinto
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bassani
authors.forename: Carmem Regina Estivalete
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Marchionatti
authors.forename: Fernanda Souza
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: de Bairros
authors.forename: Maria Luísa Pereira
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Milton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Roseclér Machado
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gabardo
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bennemann
authors.forename: Marcos Pascoal
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Pattussi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D001940:Breast; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010808:Physical Examination; D012923:Social Class; D012935:Social Justice; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population; D016387:Women's Health