title: Epigallocatechin gallate, an active ingredient from green tea, attenuates damaging influences to the retina caused by ischemia/reperfusion.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine whether the antioxidant epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a catechin-base flavonoid derived from green tea protects retina neurones in situ from ischemia/reperfusion and in vitro from an oxidative stress insult of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Similar results were obtained when rats were injected by two different regimes of EGCG. Ischemia was delivered by raising the intraocular pressure above the systolic blood pressure (120 mm Hg) generally for 45 min. The electroretinogram (ERG) was measured prior to ischemia and 5 days after reperfusion. Rats were killed 7 days after ischemia and processed for immunohistochemistry and for determining of mRNA and protein levels by RT-PCR and electrophoresis/western blotting, respectively. In addition, optic nerves 7 days after ischemia were subjected to protein analysis. Ischemia/reperfusion caused a significant reduction in the a- and b-wave amplitudes of the ERGs, a decrease in retinal ganglion cell and photoreceptor specific proteins and mRNAs, an increase in retinal caspase-3 mRNA and protein, an increase in retinal caspase-8 mRNA, an increase in retinal GFAP protein and mRNA and a decrease in optic nerve proteins associated with ganglion cell axons. All these changes were significantly counteracted by EGCG. Moreover, EGCG clearly blunted ischemia/reperfusion-induced changes in the localisation of retinal Thy-1 and ChAT immunoreactivities. EGCG also significantly reduced the apoptosis to retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5 cells) in culture caused by H(2)O(2). The results of the study demonstrate that EGCG provides protection to retinal neurones from oxidative stress and ischemia/reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6AW, UK.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Rukhsana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Safa
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rusciano
authors.forename: Neville N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Osborne
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004596:Electroretinography; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens; D002392:Catechin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase; D053148:Caspase 3; C022616:thiazolyl blue