title: Violence and aggression in the emergency department: a critical care perspective.
abstract: Aggression and violence are common in the emergency setting, with nurses out-ranking police and prison officers in exposure to workplace violence. This paper examines the current literature to identify the incidence of violence within the ED, precipitators of violence and aggression and the government policy directive of 'zero tolerance'. Methods of managing violence and aggression are explored, including environmental management, de-escalation, pharmacological and physical restraint and seclusion and these are linked to course content recommended for staff training.
authors.affiliation: Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
authors.forename: Alister N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Hodge
authors.forename: Andrea P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D003422:Critical Care; D016529:Emergency Nursing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016272:Occupational Health; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D012308:Risk Management; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017132:Workplace