title: The opposite associations of lycopene and body fat mass with humoral immunity in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a possible role in atherogenesis.
abstract: This study examined the possible effects of lycopene at physiological dosage and body fat mass on the humoral immune response in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 35 patients with Typ2 diabetes mellitus from both sexes aged 54+/-9 yrs from the Iranian Diabetes Society were introduced into a double blind placebo controlled clinical trial conducted for 2 months. After a 2-week lycopene free diet washout period, patients were allocated to either lycopene supplementation group (10mg/d) (n=16) or placebo age- and sex matched group (n=19) for 8 weeks. Patients were instructed to keep their diets and physical activities as unchanged as possible. Lycopene supplements increased serum lycopene levels (p<0.001). While intake of dietary energy and nutrients did not change in either groups, the ratio of total antioxidant capacity to malondialdehyde increased significantly in the lycopene group (p=0.007). There was an inverse correlation between serum levels of lycopene and those of IgG (r= -0.338, p=0.008). On the contrary, changes of serum levels of lycopene directly correlated with those of IgM (r=0.466, p=0.005). Interestingly, changes of the amount of fat mass correlated directly with those of serum IgG (r=0.415, p=0.044) but inversely with of serum IgM (r= -0.469, p=0.021). While truncal fat might promote adaptive humoral immunity, lycopene probably by inhibiting MDA-LDL formation might attenuate T cell dependent adaptive (pro-atherogenic) humoral immune response. These findings may have preventive implications in long term diabetic complications, notably atherogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. tneyestani@nnftri.ac.ir
authors.forename: Tirang R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Neyestani
authors.forename: Nastaran
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shariat-Zadeh
authors.forename: A'azam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gharavi
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalayi
authors.forename: Niloufar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khalaji
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D000077276:Lycopene; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D019207:beta Carotene; D002338:Carotenoids; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000077276:Lycopene