title: Photo-induced damages of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial membranes by a [C60]fullerene malonic acid derivative.
abstract: The biological activities of fullerene derivatives have attracted much attention in the last decade. In this paper, effects of dimalonic acid C(60) (DMA C(60)) on cytoplasmic membrane, intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), and mitochondrial membrane in HeLa cells were studied by using laser scanning confocal microscopy together with fluorescent probes propidium iodide (PI), fluo-3 acetoxymethyl ester (fluo-3 AM), and tetramethyl rhodamine methyl ester (TMRM). The data showed that under laser irradiation produced by a Kr/Ar laser source with a low power less than 1 mW, DMA C(60) might induce damages against both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial membranes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Prior to leakage of cytoplasmic membrane, a transient increase in [Ca(2 +)](i) occurred due to influx of calcium from the culture medium. These data provided some novel clues to explain the mechanisms involved in the photo-induced cytotoxicity of fullerene derivatives.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China. xlyang@bit.edu.cn
authors.forename: Xinlin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xinge
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Cuihong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008314:Malonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D037741:Fullerenes; D008314:Malonates; C107223:dimalonic acid C(60); C069837:fullerene C60; D002118:Calcium