Clinicopathological and tissue indicators of para-aminophenol nephrotoxicity in sprague-dawley rats.
A model of para-aminophenol (PAP) nephrotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats was utilized to characterize potential indicators of toxicity in the kidney and in biofluids, and to chronicle the progression of acute renal injury. Rats were administered PAP at a low or high dose and examined terminally at 6, 24 and 48 hours (4 animals/group with matching controls). Acute tubular necrosis was observed in the medullary rays (low and high doses) and the outer stripe of outer medulla (high dose only) as early as 6 hours postdosing. Starting at 24 hours, regeneration of the tubular epithelium was evident in both low and high dose studies. Associated with the tubular lesions, we observed elevation of urinary alpha -glutathione S-transferase levels, an indicator of proximal tubular injury. By immunohistochemistry of the kidney, decreased gamma -glutamylcysteine synthetase expression correlated with tubular injury, especially at high dose, whereas elevation of vimentin, osteopontin, and Ki-67 expression was concurrent with tubular regeneration. Clusterin and kidney injury molecule-1 displayed expression patterns characteristic of both renal injury and regeneration. Taken together, this study provided insight into the progression of nephrotoxicity, and allowed the evaluation of potential urinary and tissue protein biomarkers that could complement the early detection of acute tubular injury.
Yang
Amy
A
Department of Molecular and Investigative Toxicology, Iconix Biosciences, Inc., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.
Trajkovic
Dusko
D
Illanes
Oscar
O
Ramiro-Ibáñez
Fernando
F
D000627:Aminophenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D051152:Clusterin / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014746:Vimentin / Q000378:metabolism
D000627:Aminophenols; D015415:Biomarkers; D053148:Caspase 3; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D051152:Clusterin; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D053495:Osteopontin; D014746:Vimentin; C110936:Havcr1 protein, rat; C026729:4-aminophenol