title: Molecular characterization and determination of antimicrobial resistance of Mycoplasma gallisepticum isolated from chickens.
abstract: In this study, three consecutive approaches of molecular characterization, determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and antimicrobial tested on Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) isolated from chicken farms were investigated. These approaches were conducted between 2004 and 2005 to 134 MG samples collected from five different regions of the intensive farming area of Thailand. Twenty MG isolates and four reference strains including S6, F, ts-11, and 6/85 were classified according to Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns prior to the antimicrobial tests. These isolates exhibited 5 different genotypes (A-E). Consequently, MG isolates representing each genotype were tested on 11 registered antibiotics. The levels of MIC were determined. Three antibiotics, doxycycline (0.20 microg/ml), tiamulin (0.10 microg/ml), and tylosin (0.33 microg/ml), gave the least MICs among all effective drugs. Break point comparisons of each antimicrobial suggested that the MG isolates were most sensitive to lincomycin, oxytetracycline, tiamulin, and tylosin. Some MG isolates had an intermediate effect on josamycin and were resistant to enrofloxacin and erythromycin. Our results also indicated that MG isolated and collected from the region and nearby districts had similar RAPD patterns showing properties of antimicrobial resistance. The RAPD patterns may imply the frequent use of antibiotics and a resistant strain of MG. This is the first report of genetic characterization using RAPD reflected by the levels of MIC against MG. The information is useful to plan for prophylactic and therapeutic impacts on the poultry industry especially in the area of intensive use of antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, Thailand. somsak.pa@chula.ac.th
authors.forename: Somsak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pakpinyo
authors.forename: Jiroj
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sasipreeyajan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002645:Chickens; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D045686:Mycoplasma gallisepticum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial