Risk stratification in upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Acute upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding is a common clinical problem that accounts for a large number of hospitalizations and results in substantial health care expenditures. Risk stratification after UGI hemorrhage involves the use of clinical and endoscopic parameters to predict the likelihood of rebleeding and death. This information can guide management decisions, such as the necessity of hospital admission, the application of endoscopic hemostatic therapy, and the length of inpatient stay. This concise review examines the current literature on risk stratification in UGI hemorrhage and attempts to integrate evidence-based data into the clinical decision-making process.
Elmunzer
Badih Joseph
BJ
Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. badihe@umich.edu
Inadomi
John M
JM
Elta
Grace H
GH
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D003657:Decision Making; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014218:Triage