Virtual reality environments for post-stroke arm rehabilitation.
BACKGROUND
Optimal practice and feedback elements are essential requirements for maximal motor recovery in patients with motor deficits due to central nervous system lesions.


METHODS
A virtual environment (VE) was created that incorporates practice and feedback elements necessary for maximal motor recovery. It permits varied and challenging practice in a motivating environment that provides salient feedback.


RESULTS
The VE gives the user knowledge of results feedback about motor behavior and knowledge of performance feedback about the quality of pointing movements made in a virtual elevator. Movement distances are related to length of body segments.


CONCLUSIONS
We describe an immersive and interactive experimental protocol developed in a virtual reality environment using the CAREN system. The VE can be used as a training environment for the upper limb in patients with motor impairments.
Subramanian
Sandeep
S
School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, 3654 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, H3G 1Y5, Canada. sandeep.subramanian@mail.mcgill.ca
Knaut
Luiz A
LA
Beaudoin
Christian
C
McFadyen
Bradford J
BJ
Feldman
Anatol G
AG
Levin
Mindy F
MF
D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D006801:Humans; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D014584:User-Computer Interface