Clustering of long-term trends in metabolic syndrome variables from childhood to adulthood in Blacks and Whites: the Bogalusa Heart Study.
Clustering of long-term rates of change in metabolic syndrome variables (body mass index, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and mean arterial pressure) from childhood to adulthood was evaluated longitudinally (1982-2003) in a cohort of 389 Blacks and 631 Whites who were examined 3-6 times both as children (ages 4-17 years) and as adults (ages 18-38 years) over an average of 16 years (3,874 observations). The incremental area under the growth curve was used as a measure of long-term rates of change in risk variables since childhood. Intraclass correlations, a measure of the degree of clustering, among the four variables were significant (p < 0.001) for childhood, adulthood, and incremental area values and were higher in adulthood than in childhood. Blacks showed a higher degree of clustering of long-term rates of change in risk variables than did Whites. Adjustment for body mass index reduced the degree of clustering by approximately 50%. These results show that metabolic syndrome variables coexist in terms not only of their levels in childhood and adulthood but also of long-term rates of change. Obesity is of critical importance in the development of metabolic syndrome, and its prevention beginning in childhood needs to be addressed.
Chen
Wei
W
Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
Srinivasan
Sathanur R
SR
Li
Shengxu
S
Xu
Jihua
J
Berenson
Gerald S
GS
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008145:Louisiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides