title: Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-induced CXCL8 production is mediated through PKCalpha-dependent activation of the IKKalphabeta signaling pathway in epithelial cells.
abstract: Upon contact with airway epithelial cells, mycobacteria activate several signal transduction events that are required for induction of NF-kappaB-dependent chemokine gene expression. However, downstream signaling pathways, especially that of Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase C alpha (PKCalpha), and in particular, the identity of the IKKalphabeta signal pathway for CXCL8 secretion in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-induced epithelial cells are still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the phosphoinositide-phospholipase C (PI-PLC) downstream signaling pathway is involved in M. bovis BCG-induced CXCL8 release, since A549 cells pretreated with U73122, a PI-PLC inhibitor, inhibited CXCL8 release, whereas U73343 the inactive analog had no effect. In addition, our results demonstrated that M. bovis BCG-induced CXCL8 production by A549 cells was significantly blocked by using neomycin (another well-described inhibitor of PI-PLC with a different mechanism of action), Ro-32-0432 and Ro-31-8220 (two PKCalpha inhibitors), PP1 and PP2 (two potent and selective inhibitors of the Src-family tyrosine kinases), and Bay 11-7082 (an IkappaB phosphorylation inhibitor). We also demonstrated that M. bovis BCG can rapidly induce translocation of PKCalpha from the cytosol to the membrane, and that treatment of cells with M. bovis BCG caused time-dependent increases in phosphorylation of c-Src at tyrosine 416. Finally, our studies revealed that M. bovis BCG induced the association of c-Src and IKKalphabeta during the interaction of PKCalpha and IKKalphabeta. Altogether, these results represent the first evidence to date suggesting that M. bovis BCG activates the PI-PLC/PKCalpha/c-Src/IKKalphabeta signaling pathway to induce CXCL8 release in human epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, México, D F 11340, Mexico. pmendezs@bios.encb.ipn.mx
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Méndez-Samperio
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alba
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez
mesh_terms: D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000081247:CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase; D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000276:immunology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D019061:src-Family Kinases
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000081247:CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase; D019061:src-Family Kinases; C000631346:CSK protein, human; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha