title: Safety and tolerability of prolonged-release nicotinic acid in statin-treated patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and tolerability of prolonged-release nicotinic acid (Niaspan) added to statin therapy in patients at increased cardiovascular risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a 6-month, prospective, observational, multicentre, open-label evaluation of prolonged-release nicotinic acid (maximum dose 2000 mg/day) in statin-treated patients with cardiovascular disease and/or type 2 diabetes. The primary endpoint was the safety and tolerability of prolonged-release nicotinic acid, with special regard to treatment-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Secondary endpoints were changes in lipids and 10-year cardiovascular risk (Prospective Cardiovascular Münster (PROCAM) score).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population included 1053 patients: 50% had hypertension, diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome (National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III criteria) and 80% had cardiovascular disease. Flushing (mostly mild or moderate) occurred in 430 patients (40.8%). Other ADRs occurred in 125 patients (12.5%), most commonly pruritus (2.7%), gastro-intestinal symptoms (3.8%) and nervous system-related complaints (3.8%). Serious ADRs were uncommon (0.6%). All patients recovered completely from these ADRs after treatment discontinuation. In total, 11.1% of the patients discontinued study medication for flushing and 8.4% for other ADRs. There was no evidence of hepatotoxicity or myopathy. New-onset hyperglycaemia was negligible. Overall tolerability of prolonged-release nicotinic acid treatment (n = 734 patients at closeout) was 'very good' in 130 (17.7%), 'good' in 262 (35.7%), and 'acceptable' in 144 (19.6%) patients. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased by 23%, triglycerides decreased by 15% and LDL-C decreased by 4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prolonged-release nicotinic acid was safe and generally well tolerated and effective in combination with statin therapy in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events, with a side-effect profile consistent with previous clinical experience.
authors.affiliation: Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Birjmohun
authors.forename: J J P
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kastelein
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poldermans
authors.forename: E S G
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Stroes
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hostalek
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Assmann
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005483:Flushing / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009525:Niacin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D009525:Niacin