title: The phagocytic capacity of neurones.
abstract: Phagocytosis is defined as the ingestion of particulates over 0.5 microm in diameter and is associated with cells of the immune system such as macrophages or monocytes. Neurones are not generally recognized to be phagocytic. Using light, confocal, time-lapse and electron microscopy, we carried out a wide range of in-vitro and in-vivo experiments to examine the phagocytic capacity of different neuronal cell types. We demonstrated phagocytosis of material by neurones, including cell debris and synthetic particles up to 2.8 microm in diameter. We showed phagocytosis in different neuronal types, and demonstrated that debris can be transported from neurite extremities to cell bodies and persist within neurones. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated the lack of certain complement receptors on neurones but the presence of others, including integrin receptors known to mediate macrophage phagocytosis, indicating that a restricted set of phagocytosis receptors may mediate this process. Neuronal phagocytosis occurs in vitro and in vivo, and we propose that this is a more widespread and significant process than previously recognized. Neuronal phagocytosis may explain certain inclusions in neurones during disease, cell-to-cell spread of disease, neuronal death during disease progression and provide a potential mechanism for therapeutic intervention through the delivery of particulate drug carriers.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Centre and Pathology Group, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Pathology, Royal London Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: Davidson D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Ateh
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deinhardt
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Cathy S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Joanna C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Swash
authors.forename: Wassim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shamsuddin
authors.forename: Shalini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawar
authors.forename: Tariq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: El-Tawil
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoyle
authors.forename: Carole D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Nickols
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.forename: Anthony H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Pullen
authors.forename: Phillip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Luthert
authors.forename: Roy O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Weller
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hafezparast
authors.forename: Robin J M
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.forename: Tamas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Revesz
authors.forename: Rosalind H M
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Berninghausen
authors.forename: Elizabeth M C
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Giampietro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schiavo
authors.forename: Joanne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002642:Chick Embryo; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003712:Dendrites / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009420:Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016023:Integrins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface