title: Menopause and related problems.
abstract: Due to the increase in life expectancy and the constant age at menopause, women at the West, can now expect to spend more than 1/3 of their lifetime after menopause. This leads to increased concern regarding not only short-term symptoms, but also long-term consequences of estrogens deficiency. Understanding the natural history of menopausal symptoms and long-term consequences of estrogen deficiency requires long-term data on numerous women from different backgrounds. We have evaluated scientific evidences for the association between menopause and somatic or psychological problems; the temporal association of different symptoms with stage of the menopausal transition and the consistency of risk factors for symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy. margamba@tin.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gambacciani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pepe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D052776:Female Urogenital Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000209:etiology; D015595:Skin Aging; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology