title: Protection against cephalosporin-induced lipid peroxidation and nephrotoxicity by (+)-cyanidanol-3 and vitamin E.
abstract: The ability of the clinically used cephalosporins: cephalothin, cefotaxime and cefotiam to induce lipid peroxidation (LPO) and renal damage was compared to that of nephrotoxic cephaloridine under in vivo conditions. Glutathione was measured in rat liver or in renal cortex as non-protein sulfhydryls. LPO was measured in plasma, renal cortex and liver by the generation of malondialdehyde or as the increase in renal cortical concentration of conjugated dienes. Impairment of renal function was measured as the decrease in renal cortical accumulation of the organic anion p-aminohippurate (PAH). Administration of cephalosporins to rats as a single dose (2000 mg/kg, ip) induced a significant glutathione-depletion in the renal cortex with cephaloridine, and in the liver with cephaloridine, cephalothin and cefotiam. Treatment of rats with cephaloridine, cephalothin and cefotiam (200, 500, or 1000 mg kg-1 day-1, ip) for 5 days resulted in a dose-dependent increase of LPO in the renal cortex. While cephaloridine induced the highest concentration of conjugated diene, cefotaxime had no effect. Measurements of PAH accumulation in renal cortical slices from cephalosporin-treated rats showed a dose-dependent decrease in the renal cortical accumulation of PAH. Pretreatment with the antioxidants vitamin E or cyanidanol (400 mg kg-1 day-1, ip) 1 h before treatment with cephaloridine, cephalothin or cefotiam (1000 mg kg-1 day-1, ip) for 3 days inhibited cephalosporin-induced LPO and significantly reduced the impairment of renal cortical accumulation of PAH. The potential of different cephalosporins for inducing LPO and reducing PAH accumulation was ranked as follows: cephaloridine > cephalothin > cefotiam > cefotaxime.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cojocel
authors.forename: K-L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tolle
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El-Hajj
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baumann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002392:Catechin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000633:toxicity*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002511:Cephalosporins; D014810:Vitamin E; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002392:Catechin; D005978:Glutathione