title: Soup preloads in a variety of forms reduce meal energy intake.
abstract: Consuming soup can enhance satiety and reduce energy intake. Little is known about the influence on energy intake and satiety of varying the form of soup by altering the blending of ingredients. We tested the effects on meal intake of consuming different forms of soup as a preload: broth and vegetables served separately, chunky vegetable soup, chunky-pureed vegetable soup, or pureed vegetable soup. Normal-weight men and women (n = 60) came to the laboratory for lunch once a week for 5 weeks. Each week, one of four compulsory preloads, or no preload, was consumed prior to lunch. A test meal was consumed ad libitum 15 min after the soup was served. Results showed that consuming soup significantly reduced test meal intake and total meal energy intake (preload + test meal) compared to having no soup. When soup was consumed, subjects reduced meal energy intake by 20% (134+/-25 kcal; 561+/-105 kJ). The type of soup had no significant effect on test meal intake or total meal energy intake. Consuming a preload of low-energy-dense soup, in a variety of forms, is one strategy for moderating energy intake in adults.
authors.affiliation: The Pennsylvania State University, 226 Henderson Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Julie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Flood
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Rolls
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009753:Nutritive Value; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000502:physiology*; D014675:Vegetables; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology