title: Plasminogen activator system in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The plasminogen activator system consists of two plasminogen activators, urokinase (uPA) and tissue (tPA); PA inhibitors (PAI-1, and -2), and a cell surface receptor for uPA (uPAR). The plasminogen activator system is involved at many stages of the metastatic cascade, including matrix remodelling, cell proliferation, and migration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare tissue concentrations of the components of the plasminogen activator system in paired tumour tissue and normal tissue in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, and to correlate these with the histopathological grading of the tumour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight paired tissue samples were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA; ng/mg protein) for uPA, tPA, uPAR, PAI-1, and PAI-2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations of uPA, uPAR, PAI-1, and PAI-2 were significantly higher in tumour than in normal oral tissue (median in uPAR tumour 1.6 (range; 0.1-7.5) ng/mg protein; normal=0.2 (0-2.3), p<0.05). There were strong correlations between the concentrations of certain components of the plasminogen activator system in particular between uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 (p<0.05). Tissue concentrations of some components of the plasminogen activator system correlated with clinical and pathological indexes of aggression of tumours, including differentiation and T-stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relation between components of the plasminogen activator system, in particular uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 in invasion, metastasis, prognosis, and survival, requires further investigation in oral squamous cell carcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Scientist, Professorial Unit of Surgery, University Hospital of North Tees, Stockton on Tees, UK.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Leaper
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hayter
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dickenson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000032:analysis; D017396:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2 / Q000032:analysis; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000032:analysis*; D015849:Plasminogen Inactivators / Q000032:analysis*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000032:analysis; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000032:analysis; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D017396:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2; D015849:Plasminogen Inactivators; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator