title: Application of redox mediator to accelerate selenate reduction to elemental selenium by Enterobacter taylorae.
abstract: Acceleration of bacterial reduction of selenate [Se(VI)] to insoluble elemental Se [Se(0)] plays an important role in Se bioremediation. Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS), a redox mediator, was assessed for its ability to enhance the reduction of Se(VI) (2000 microg/L) to Se(0) by Enterobacter taylorae in various media. The results showed that addition of AQDS did not increase Se(VI) reduction in the media containing 50 and 250 mg/L yeast extract, suggesting that E. taylorae cannot directly use anthrahydroquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AHQDS, a reduced form of AQDS) to respire Se(VI). An increase of yeast extract concentration from 50 to 250 mg/L in the medium dramatically enhanced the AQDS function for rapid reduction of selenite [Se(IV)] to Se(0). During an 8-day experiment, 85-91% of the added Se was reduced to Se(0) in the AQDS-amended medium in comparison to formation of 46% of Se(0) in the medium without AQDS. These results show that redox mediators have great application potential in bioremediation of Se in Se-contaminated water.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
authors.forename: Yiqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zahir A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Zahir
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Amrhein
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Frankenberger
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004754:Enterobacter / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D064586:Selenic Acid; D012643:Selenium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D018036:Selenium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D018036:Selenium Compounds; C408124:anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate; D012643:Selenium; D064586:Selenic Acid