title: Region-dependent attenuation of mu opioid receptor-mediated G-protein activation in mouse CNS as a function of morphine tolerance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic morphine administration produces tolerance in vivo and attenuation of mu opioid receptor (MOR)-mediated G-protein activation measured in vitro, but the relationship between these adaptations is not clear. The present study examined MOR-mediated G-protein activation in the CNS of mice with different levels of morphine tolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were implanted with morphine pellets, with or without supplemental morphine injections, to induce differing levels of tolerance as determined by a range of MOR-mediated behaviours. MOR function was measured using agonist-stimulated [(35)S]guanylyl-5'-O-(gamma-thio)-triphosphate ([(35)S]GTPgammaS) and receptor binding throughout the CNS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morphine pellet implantation produced 6-12-fold tolerance in antinociceptive assays, hypothermia and Straub tail, as measured by the ratio of morphine ED(50) values between morphine-treated and control groups. Pellet implantation plus supplemental injections produced 25-50-fold tolerance in these tests. In morphine pellet-implanted mice, MOR-stimulated [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding was significantly reduced only in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and spinal cord dorsal horn in tissue sections from morphine pellet-implanted mice. In contrast, MOR-stimulated [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding was significantly decreased in most regions examined in morphine pellet+morphine injected mice, including nucleus accumbens, caudate-putamen, periaqueductal gray, parabrachial nucleus, NTS and spinal cord.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tolerance and the regional pattern of apparent MOR desensitization were influenced positively by the level of morphine exposure. These results indicate that desensitization of MOR-mediated G-protein activity is more regionally widespread upon induction of high levels of tolerance, suggesting that this response contributes more to high than low levels of tolerance to CNS-mediated effects of morphine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Campus, 1112 East Clay Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Sim-Selley
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Scoggins
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cassidy
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Dewey
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Selley
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002490:Central Nervous System; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); D007035:Hypothermia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D020671:Posterior Horn Cells; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000378:metabolism*; D017552:Solitary Nucleus; D013623:Tail / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); D009020:Morphine; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins