title: Perceived freedom in leisure and physical co-ordination ability: impact on out-of-school activity participation and life satisfaction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perceived freedom in leisure (PFL) is explored as a potential mechanism mediating relationships between physical co-ordination ability and both global life satisfaction and leisure-time physical activity participation for boys with differing levels of physical co-ordination ability. Understanding psychological mechanisms contributing to low rates of participation in physical activities for boys with developmental co-ordination disorder (DCD) is a clinical and research priority with potential to inform clinical interventions and preventive health initiatives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty boys aged 10-13 years with DCD and 113 boys without DCD completed self-report measures of PFL and life satisfaction. Seven-day leisure-time activity diaries and 12-month retrospective recall questionnaires were completed by parents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower self-appraisals of PFL and overall life satisfaction were found for boys with DCD compared with boys without DCD. PFL mediated relationships between physical ability and both life satisfaction and team sport participation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perceived freedom in leisure, comprising self-appraisals of leisure needs satisfaction and competence, depth of involvement and perceived control over leisure outcomes, was a significant mechanism influencing leisure-time participation and life satisfaction for boys. The implications for effective intervention and preventive health programmes are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld., Australia. a.poulsen@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ziviani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cuskelly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011793:Queensland; D012016:Reference Values; D012574:Schools; D012649:Self Concept; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013177:Sports; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires