title: A previously unknown reovirus of bat origin is associated with an acute respiratory disease in humans.
abstract: Respiratory infections constitute the most widespread human infectious disease, and a substantial proportion of them are caused by unknown etiological agents. Reoviruses (respiratory enteric orphan viruses) were first isolated from humans in the early 1950s and so named because they were not associated with any known disease. Here, we report a previously unknown reovirus (named "Melaka virus") isolated from a 39-year-old male patient in Melaka, Malaysia, who was suffering from high fever and acute respiratory disease at the time of virus isolation. Two of his family members developed similar symptoms approximately 1 week later and had serological evidence of infection with the same virus. Epidemiological tracing revealed that the family was exposed to a bat in the house approximately 1 week before the onset of the father's clinical symptoms. Genome sequence analysis indicated a close genetic relationship between Melaka virus and Pulau virus, a reovirus isolated in 1999 from fruit bats in Tioman Island, Malaysia. Screening of sera collected from human volunteers on the island revealed that 14 of 109 (13%) were positive for both Pulau and Melaka viruses. This is the first report of an orthoreovirus in association with acute human respiratory diseases. Melaka virus is serologically not related to the different types of mammalian reoviruses that were known to infect humans asymptomatically. These data indicate that bat-borne reoviruses can be transmitted to and cause clinical diseases in humans.
authors.affiliation: National Public Health Laboratory, Selangor 4700, Malaysia. chuakawbing@yahoo.com.sg
authors.forename: Kaw Bing
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Crameri
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hyatt
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Mohd Rosli
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Tompang
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosli
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McEachern
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crameri
authors.forename: Verasingam
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumarasamy
authors.forename: Bryan T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Eaton
authors.forename: Lin-Fa
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000821:virology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D030102:Orthoreovirus, Mammalian / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014709:Vero Cells / Q000821:virology