title: Myopericarditis versus viral or idiopathic acute pericarditis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relative incidence, clinical presentation and prognosis of myopericarditis among patients with idiopathic or viral acute pericarditis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational clinical cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two general hospitals from an urban area of 220 000 inhabitants.
  
  
  METHODS
  274 consecutive cases of idiopathic or viral acute pericarditis between January 2001 and June 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relative prevalence of myopericarditis. Clinical features at presentation including echocardiographic data (ejection fraction (EF), wall motion score index (WMSI)) and follow-up data at 12 months including complications, results of echocardiography, electrocardiography and treadmill testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Myopericarditis was recorded in 40/274 (14.6%) consecutive patients. At presentation, the following clinical features were independently associated with myopericarditis: arrhythmias (odds ratio (OR) = 17.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.7 to 54.1; p<0.001), male gender (OR = 6.4, 95% CI 2.3 to 18.4; p = 0.01), age <40 years (OR = 6.1, 95% CI 2.2 to 16.9; p = 0.01), ST elevation (OR = 5.4, 95% CI 1.4 to 20.5; p = 0.013) and a recent febrile syndrome (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 7.7; p = 0.044). After 12 months' follow-up an increase of EF (basal EF 49.6 (5.1)% vs 12-month EF 59.1 (4.6)%; p<0.001) and decrease of WMSI (basal WMSI 1.19 (0.27) vs 12-month WMSI 1.02 (0.09); p<0.001) were recorded in patients with myopericarditis, with a normalisation of echocardiography, electrocardiography and treadmill testing in 98% of cases. Use of heparin or other anticoagulants (OR = 1.1, 95% CI 0.3 to 3.5; p = 0.918) and myopericarditis (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 0.7 to 7.6; p = 0.187) was not associated with an increased risk of cardiac tamponade or recurrences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Myopericarditis is relatively common and shows a benign evolution also in spontaneous cases not related to vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Via Cibrario 72, 10141 Torino, Italy. massimo_imazio@yahoo.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imazio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cecchi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Demichelis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chinaglia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ierna
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Demarie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghisio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pomari
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Belli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trinchero
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002305:Cardiac Tamponade / Q000209:etiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D010493:Pericarditis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001241:Aspirin