title: Effects of topical administration of y-39983, a selective rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor, on ocular tissues in rabbits and monkeys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effects and associated characteristics of Y-39983, a selective Rho-associated coiled coil-forming protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor derived from Y-27632, in animal eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Y-39983 was compared with Y-27632 for selectivity of ROCK inhibition by biochemical assay. The IOP was monitored by pneumatonometer in albino rabbits and cynomolgus monkeys that were given topically administered Y-39983. The total outflow facility and uveoscleral outflow were measured by two-level constant-pressure perfusion and perfusion technique using fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, respectively, at 2 hours after topical administration of Y-39983 in albino rabbits. The ocular toxicologic effects of topical administration of Y-39983 were observed in albino rabbits and cynomolgus monkeys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A biochemical assay showed that Y-39983 inhibited ROCK more potently than Y-27632. In rabbits, topical administration of Y-39983 significantly increased conventional outflow by 65.5%, followed by significant, dose-dependent reduction in IOP. Maximum IOP reduction was 13.2 +/- 0.6 mm Hg (mean +/- SE) at 0.1% Y-39983 in rabbits. In monkeys, at 3 hours after topical administration of 0.05% Y-39983, maximum reduction of IOP was 2.5 +/- 0.8 mm Hg. No serious side effects were observed in ocular tissues except sporadic punctate subconjunctival hemorrhage during long-term topical administration of Y-39983 four times a day (at 2-hour intervals) in rabbits or monkeys. However, punctate subconjunctival hemorrhage was not observed with administration twice daily (at a 6-hour interval) or three times a day (at 5-hour intervals).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Y-39983 causes increased outflow facility followed by IOP reduction. Y-39983 ophthalmic solution may be a candidate drug for lowering of IOP, since it increases conventional outflow and produces relatively few side effects.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratories, Senju Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kobe, Osaka, Japan. hideki-tokushige@senju.co.jp
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tokushige
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inatani
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakaki
authors.forename: Koushirou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uehata
authors.forename: Hidenobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanihara
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D011817:Rabbits; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011725:Pyridines; C520365:Y-39983; C108830:Y 27632; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C