title: Infrequent delivery of a long-acting PTH-Fc fusion protein has potent anabolic effects on cortical and cancellous bone.
abstract: Skeletal anabolism with PTH is achieved through daily injections that result in brief exposure to the peptide. We hypothesized that similar anabolic effects could be achieved with less frequent but more sustained exposures to PTH. A PTH-Fc fusion protein with a longer half-life than PTH(1-34) increased cortical and cancellous BMD and bone strength with once- or twice-weekly injections.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The anabolic effects of PTH are currently achieved with, and thought to require, daily injections that result in brief exposure to the peptide. We hypothesized that less frequent but more sustained exposures to PTH could also be anabolic for bone, provided that serum levels of PTH were not constant.
  
  
  METHODS
  PTH(1-34) was fused to the Fc fragment of human IgG1 to increase the half-life of PTH. Skeletal anabolism was examined in mice and rats treated once or twice per week with this PTH-Fc fusion protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PTH-Fc and PTH(1-34) had similar effects on PTH/PTHrP receptor activation, internalization, and signaling in vitro. However, PTH-Fc had a 33-fold longer mean residence time in the circulation of rats compared with that of PTH(1-34). Subcutaneous injection of PTH-Fc once or twice per week resulted in significant increases in bone volume, density, and strength in osteopenic ovariectomized mice and rats. These anabolic effects occurred in association with hypercalcemia and were significantly greater than those achievable with high concentrations of daily PTH(1-34). PTH-Fc also significantly improved cortical bone volume and density under conditions where daily PTH(1-34) did not. Antiresorptive co-therapy with estrogen further enhanced the ability of PTH-Fc to increase bone mass and strength in ovariectomized rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results challenge the notion that brief daily exposure to PTH is essential for its anabolic effects on cortical and cancellous bone. PTH-derived molecules with a sustained circulating half-life may represent a powerful and previously undefined anabolic regimen for cortical and cancellous bone.
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Disorders Research, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA. paulk@amgen.com
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kostenuik
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pierroz
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouxsein
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morony
authors.forename: Kelly S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Warmington
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adamu
authors.forename: Zhaopo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grisanti
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shalhoub
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biddlecome
authors.forename: Grant
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shimamoto
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boone
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lacey
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D019390:Arrestins / Q000378:metabolism; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007141:Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D021381:Protein Transport; D051381:Rats; D044168:Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D000071557:beta-Arrestins
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D019390:Arrestins; D004967:Estrogens; D007141:Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D044168:Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000071557:beta-Arrestins