title: [Freezing-thawing damages plasma membrane integrity of goat spermatozoa].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the plasma membrane integrity and morphology of fresh and frozen goat spermatozoa.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ejaculates of three male goats were obtained by the artificial vagina method of collection and the rates of sperm abnormality and acrosome integrity were detected after freezing-thawing processing. The plasma membrane integrity of the fresh and frozen-thawed goat spermatozoa was evaluated with a combination of fluorescent probes, carboxyfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The freezing-thawing process significantly influenced the viability and integrity of the spermatozoa ([74.43 +/- 13.78]% vs. [46.25 +/- 2.69]%; [64.26 +/- 7.03]% vs. [6.27 +/- 2.90]%, P < 0.01). The results showed differences in acrosome integrity rate between the fresh and frozen samples ([80.77 +/- 10.70]% vs. [58.42 +/- 18.05]% , P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The freezing-thawing process significantly reduces sperm viability and acrosome integrity and seriously damages the plasma membrane integrity.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal, Veterinary and Aquacultural Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
authors.forename: Xu-gang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yong-ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zhou-quan
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D021961:Cell Membrane Structures; D015925:Cryopreservation; D006041:Goats; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D012662:Semen Preservation; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa