title: FoxP3 mRNA transcripts and regulatory cells in renal transplant recipients 10 years after donor marrow infusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We update more favorable 10-year deceased donor kidney transplant survival in 63 recipients infused perioperatively with donor vertebral body bone marrow (DBMC-i) vs. 219 noninfused controls having equivalent immunosuppression and demographics. We questioned if this was associated with putatively regulatory FoxP3 mRNA and cell phenotypes (CD4+CD25+high percentages and high DC2:DC1 ratios) in DBMC-i vs. noninfused controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline studies were performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) vs. marrow in normal laboratory volunteers of CD4+CD25+high percentages and DC2:DC1 by flow cytometry, and FoxP3 mRNA in CD3+ cells by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Similar studies were performed on PBL of the majority of the 10-year patients remaining with graft function: 21 (of the remaining 37) DBMC-i vs. 55 (of the remaining 105) controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal subjects, all parameters were significantly higher in marrow than in PBL, supporting our previous reports of ex vivo DBMC immunoregulation. At 9.8+/-.02 years posttransplant in DBMC-i vs. controls, death-censored percent graft failure was 17.5% vs. 32.9% (P=0.02) with 247.6+/-24 vs. 79.9+/-3.1 (mean+/-SE) FoxP3 copies/5,000 CD3+ cells (P=0.0001). PBL CD4+CD25+high percentages were lower, but DC2:DC1 values higher in both recipient groups than in end-stage renal disease patients who had lower FoxP3 levels (40.8+/-5.9, P<0.0001), consistent with non-CD4+CD25+high T regulatory cells generated long-term posttransplant. Individual higher FoxP3 values correlated with higher iliac crest chimerism in DBMC-i, but not in controls (with 50-fold lower chimerism). In chronically rejecting controls, FoxP3 was further decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peritransplant DBMC-i has higher 10-year renal transplant acceptance, chimerism, and FoxP3 mRNA in thus-far unclarified regulatory cell phenotypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Lillian Jean Kaplan Renal Transplant Center of the Division of Transplantation, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA. rcirocco@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Cirocco
authors.forename: Manuel R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Carreño
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.forename: Rolando O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Garcia-Morales
authors.forename: Laphalle
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: Violet
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Esquenazi
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciancio
authors.forename: George W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gaynor
authors.forename: Bonnie B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Blomberg
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kleiner
authors.forename: Camillo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ricordi
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000276:immunology; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger