title: Effect of agitation on violacein production in Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea isolated from a marine sponge.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Experiments were designed to investigate the effect of agitation on the production of violacein by a marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A marine sponge-associated bacterium, P. luteoviolacea, was grown at different agitation speeds. Agitation did not have a significant effect on bacterial growth, but had a profound effect on the size of bacterial aggregate. The production of violacein was the highest under stagnant conditions and decreased with the increase of the agitation speed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Agitation affected the aggregation of bacterial cells, which, in turn, affected violacein production by P. luteoviolacea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that P. luteoviolacea produced the highest amount of violacein when it was cultured under stagnant conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Coastal Marine Laboratory, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: O O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S-H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: P-Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D007211:Indoles / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008386:Marine Biology; D011161:Porifera / Q000382:microbiology; D031161:Pseudoalteromonas / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D007211:Indoles; C063155:violacein