title: Oral glucose intake inhibits hypothalamic neuronal activity more effectively than glucose infusion.
abstract: We previously showed that hypothalamic neuronal activity, as measured by the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI signal, declines in response to oral glucose intake. To further explore the mechanism driving changes in hypothalamic neuronal activity in response to an oral glucose load, we here compare hypothalamic BOLD signal changes subsequent to an oral vs. an intravenous (iv) glucose challenge in healthy humans. Seven healthy, normal-weight men received four interventions in random order after an overnight fast: 1) ingestion of glucose solution (75 g in 300 ml) or 2) water (300 ml), and 3) iv infusion of 40% glucose solution (0.5 g/kg body wt, maximum 35 g) or 4) infusion of saline (0.9% NaCl, equal volume). The BOLD signal was recorded as of 8 min prior to intervention (baseline) until 30 min after. Glucose infusion was associated with a modest and transient signal decline in the hypothalamus. In contrast, glucose ingestion was followed by a profound and persistent signal decrease despite the fact that plasma glucose levels were almost threefold lower than in response to iv administration. Accordingly, glucose ingestion tended to suppress hunger more than iv infusion (P < 0.1). We infer that neural and endocrine signals emanating from the gastrointestinal tract are critical for the hypothalamic response to nutrient ingestion.
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center Utrecht, Image Sciences Institute, Heidelberglaan 100, Rm. Q0S.459, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands. paul@isi.uu.nl
authors.forename: Paul A M
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Smeets
authors.forename: Solrun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vidarsdottir
authors.forename: Cees
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Graaf
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stafleu
authors.forename: Matthias J P
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van Osch
authors.forename: Max A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Viergever
authors.forename: Hanno
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pijl
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Grond
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose