title: Implications of biofilm-associated waterborne Cryptosporidium oocysts for the water industry.
abstract: Waterborne Cryptosporidium has been responsible for drinking water-associated disease outbreaks in a number of developed countries. As a result of the resistance of Cryptosporidium to chlorine, which is typically applied as a final barrier to protect the quality of distributed drinking water, current management practices are focused on source-water management and water treatment as ways of preventing Cryptosporidium from entering drinking-water supplies. In the event that treatment barriers fail, surprisingly little is known of the fate of oocysts once they enter a distribution system. To assess properly the risks of waterborne Cryptosporidium, a more thorough understanding of the fate of oocysts in water distribution systems, with emphasis on Cryptosporidium-biofilm interactions, is required.
authors.affiliation: Sydney Water, 115-123 Bathurst Street, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia. mark.angles@sydneywater.com.au
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Angles
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Chandy
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Ian H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Malcolm R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Warnecke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000502:physiology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D033661:Oocysts / Q000502:physiology*; D011786:Quality Control; D012307:Risk Factors; D012308:Risk Management; D014867:Water / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D014867:Water