title: Systemic antihypertensive medication and incident open-angle glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between systemic antihypertensive medication and incident open-angle glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective population-based cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of a subset of 3842 participants of the Rotterdam Study for whom data from identical ophthalmologic examinations at baseline and follow-up were available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Use of antihypertensive medication was registered over an average follow-up period of 6.5 years. Associations between incident open-angle glaucoma and antihypertensive medication were assessed using multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, duration of follow-up, intraocular pressure, intraocular pressure-lowering medication, and cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Odds ratios of associations between incident open-angle glaucoma and use of antihypertensive medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, there were 87 incident cases of open-angle glaucoma. Participants using calcium channel antagonists had a 1.8-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-3.2; P = 0.037) higher risk of developing incident open-angle glaucoma. beta-Blockers were associated with a nonsignificant risk reduction (odds ratio, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3-1.02; P = 0.060). None of the other classes of antihypertensives was significantly associated with incident open-angle glaucoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that use of calcium channel antagonists is associated with open-angle glaucoma, but this requires confirmation. These results do not support the use of calcium channel antagonists for the treatment of normal-tension glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rogier P H M
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Müskens
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Voogd
authors.forename: Roger C W
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wolfs
authors.forename: Jacqueline C M
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Witteman
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: Paulus T V M
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Bruno H C
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Stricker
authors.forename: Nomdo M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Jansonius
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D004232:Diuretics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004232:Diuretics