title: Modulation of intracellular signaling pathways to induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.
abstract: An understanding of the molecular pathways defining the susceptibility of prostate cancer, especially refractory prostate cancer, to apoptosis is the key for developing a cure for this disease. We previously demonstrated that up-regulating Ras signaling, together with suppression of protein kinase C (PKC), induces apoptosis. Dysregulation of various intracellular signaling pathways, including those governed by Ras, is the important element in the development of prostate cancer. In this study, we tested whether it is possible to modulate the activities of these pathways and induce an apoptotic crash among them in prostate cancer cells. Our data showed that DU145 cells express a high amount of JNK1 that is phosphorylated after endogenous PKC is suppressed, which initiates caspase 8 cleavage and cytochrome c release, leading to apoptosis. PC3 and LNCaP cells contain an activated Akt. The inhibition of PKC further augments Akt activity, which in turn induces ROS production and the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in cell death. However, the concurrent activation of JNK1 and Akt, under the condition of PKC abrogation, dramatically augment the magnitude of apoptosis in the cells. Thus, our study suggests that Akt, JNK1, and PKC act in concert to signal the intracellular apoptotic machinery for a full execution of apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Jinjin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Tongbo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zhi-Xiong J
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Chang-Yan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8