title: Genetic counselling for familial conditions during pregnancy: a review of the literature published during the years 1989-2004.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetic counselling for familial conditions during pregnancy may have some disadvantages, such as time pressure and induced worry. However, little is known about the reasons for and consequences of this timing of genetic counselling.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to provide an overview of research aimed at the counselee's reasons for seeking genetic counselling during pregnancy and the medical-technical and procedural consequences thereof.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the databases Medline and PsycINFO for primary research papers, reviews and case reports, published from 1989 to June 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No papers could be retrieved which explicitly addressed our research questions. However, 34 papers, out of a total of 399 papers, covered issues with some relevance to our research questions. Limited knowledge and alertness towards genetics and a greater apparent relevance of genetic issues during pregnancy seemed to explain, at least partly, the timing of referral during pregnancy. Literature on the consequences of this timing for the quality of the genetic counselling process appeared to be scarce. These consequences, therefore, remain unclear.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the literature, little attention is paid to the various aspects of the timing of genetic counselling for familial conditions during pregnancy. More research on this issue is important, with a view to improving the care of pregnant women and their children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. c.m.aalfs@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Aalfs
authors.forename: E M A
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Smets
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Leschot
mesh_terms: D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000235:genetics*; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D011643:Publishing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*