title: Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells are a major determinant of nascent tumor neovascularization.
abstract: Tumors build vessels by cooption of pre-existing vasculature and de novo recruitment of bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). However, the contribution and the functional role of EPCs in tumor neoangiogenesis are controversial. Therefore, by using genetically marked BM progenitor cells, we demonstrate the precise spatial and temporal contribution of EPCs to the neovascularization of three transplanted and one spontaneous breast tumor in vivo using high-resolution microscopy and flow cytometry. We show that early tumors recruit BM-derived EPCs that differentiate into mature BM-derived endothelial cells (ECs) and luminally incorporate into a subset of sprouting tumor neovessels. Notably, in later tumors, these BM-derived vessels are diluted with non-BM-derived vessels from the periphery, which accounts for purported differences in previously published reports. Furthermore, we show that specific ablation of BM-derived EPCs with alpha-particle-emitting anti-VE-cadherin antibody markedly impaired tumor growth associated with reduced vascularization. Our results demonstrate that BM-derived EPCs are critical components of the earliest phases of tumor neoangiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Genome Research Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Woodbury, New York 11797, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciarrocchi
authors.forename: Albert S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mellick
authors.forename: Jaspreet S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jaggi
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bambino
authors.forename: Sunita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heikamp
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: McDevitt
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Scheinberg
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benezra
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mittal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000098:blood supply / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic