title: Comparison of the inflammatory burden of truly asymptomatic carotid atheroma with atherosclerotic plaques contralateral to symptomatic carotid stenosis: an ultra small superparamagnetic iron oxide enhanced magnetic resonance study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammation is a recognised risk factor for the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. The aim of this study was to explore whether there is a difference in the degree of magnetic resonance (MR) defined inflammation using ultra small superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles within carotid atheroma in completely asymptomatic individuals and the asymptomatic carotid stenosis contralateral to the symptomatic side.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 symptomatic patients with contralateral disease and 20 completely asymptomatic patients underwent multi-sequence MR imaging before and 36 h after USPIO infusion. Images were manually segmented into quadrants and signal change in each quadrant was calculated following USPIO administration. Mean signal change was compared across all quadrants in the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean percentage of quadrants showing signal loss was 53% in the contralateral group compared with 31% in completely asymptomatic individuals (p = 0.025). The mean percentages showing enhancement were 44% and 65%, respectively (p = 0.024). The mean signal difference between the two groups was 8.6% (95% CI 1.6% to 15.6%; p = 0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Truly asymptomatic plaques seem to demonstrate inflammation but not to the extent of the contralateral asymptomatic stenosis to the symptomatic side. Inflammatory activity may be a significant risk factor in asymptomatic disease.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Tjun Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Simon P S
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Howarth
authors.forename: Sam R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Graves
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: U-King-Im
authors.forename: Rikin A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.forename: Zhi Yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Stewart R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gaunt
authors.forename: Jonathan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Gillard
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D001167:Arteritis / Q000473:pathology*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003287:Contrast Media; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003911:Dextrans; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D005260:Female; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension; D007501:Iron; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010087:Oxides
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010087:Oxides; C097921:ferumoxtran-10; D007501:Iron; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide