title: Strong ecological but weak evolutionary effects of elevated CO2 on a recombinant inbred population of Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: Increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration have an impact on plant communities by influencing plant growth and morphology, species interactions, and ecosystem processes. These ecological effects may be accompanied by evolutionary change if elevated CO2 (eCO2) alters patterns of natural selection or expression of genetic variation. Here, a statistically powerful quantitative genetic experiment and manipulations of CO2 concentrations in a field setting were used to investigate how eCO2 impacts patterns of selection on ecologically important traits in Arabidopsis thaliana; heritabilities, which influence the rate of response to selection; and genetic covariances between traits, which may constrain responses to selection. CO2 had strong phenotypic effects; plants grown in eCO2 were taller and produced more biomass and fruits. Also, significant directional selection was observed on many traits and significant genetic variation was observed for all traits. However, no evolutionary effect of eCO2 was detected; patterns of selection, heritabilities and genetic correlations corresponded closely in ambient and elevated CO2 environments. The data suggest that patterns of natural selection and the quantitative genetic parameters of this A. thaliana population are robust to increases in CO2 concentration and that responses to eCO2 will be primarily ecological.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 250 Biosciences, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Ruth G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Forestry, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue N. St Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Reich
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, Hamline University, 1536 Hewitt Avenue, St Paul, MN 55104, USA.
authors.forename: Frank H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 250 Biosciences, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tiffin
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017753:Ecosystem; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D014644:Genetic Variation; D012641:Selection, Genetic
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide