title: Measurement of aflatoxin and aflatoxin metabolites in urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: Automated immunoaffinity solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and chemical analogue internal standardization is employed to detect and quantify the aflatoxins AFB(1), AFB(2), AFG(1), AFG(2), and the metabolites AFM(1) and AFP(1) in urine. The dynamic range of the method is nearly three orders of magnitude with limits of detection in the low femtogram on column range. The method was validated over a 12-day period by eight analysts. This method is suitable for agricultural, forensic, and public health laboratories during an accidental outbreak or a chemical terrorism event where a rapid and accurate diagnosis of aflatoxicosis is needed.
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth of Virginia, Division of Consolidated Laboratories, 600 N. 5th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, USA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Everley
authors.forename: Frederic L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Ciner
authors.forename: Dongliang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Scholl
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Groopman
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Croley
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000652:urine; D016607:Aflatoxin M1 / Q000652:urine; D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; C027955:aflatoxin G1; C029754:aflatoxin G2; C042410:aflatoxin P1; D016607:Aflatoxin M1; C029753:aflatoxin B2; D016604:Aflatoxin B1