title: A case-control study of the effects of nephrolithiasis in cats with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether nephrolithiasis was associated with an increase in mortality rate or in the rate of disease progression in cats with naturally occurring stage 2 (mild) or 3 (moderate) chronic kidney disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  14 cats with stage 2 (mild) or 3 (moderate) chronic kidney disease (7 with nephroliths and 7 without).
  
  
  METHODS
  All cats were evaluated every 3 months for up to 24 months. Possible associations between nephrolithiasis and clinicopathologic abnormalities, incidence of uremic crises, death secondary to renal causes, and death secondary to any cause were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no clinically important differences in biochemical, hematologic, or urinalysis variables between cats with and without nephroliths at baseline or after 12 and 24 months of monitoring. No associations were detected between nephrolithiasis and rate of disease progression, incidence of uremic crises, or death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggested that in cats with mild or moderate chronic kidney disease, nephrolithiasis was not associated with an increase in mortality rate or in the rate of disease progression. Findings support recommendations that cats with severe kidney disease and nephrolithiasis be managed without surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Sheri J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Carl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.forename: Chalermpol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lekcharoensuk
authors.forename: Lori A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Koehler
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Polzin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D002415:Cats; D002423:Cause of Death; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000662:veterinary; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine