Causes and consequences of hypokalemia in patients on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.
To determine the spectrum of clinical manifestations of hypokalemia associated with tenofovir, we reviewed all reports of grades 3/4 hypokalemia received by Gilead Sciences Department of Safety and Public Health. Of 32 cases identified in 2001-2006, 23 were attributed to proximal renal tubular dysfunction, and medically significant conditions attributable to hypokalemia occurred in four, which all improved with medical management. In none of the six fatal cases did hypokalemia appear to contribute to death.
Shepp
David H
DH
Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA.
Curtis
Sue
S
Rooney
James F
JF
D000225:Adenine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D002423:Cause of Death; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005198:Fanconi Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing / Q000379:methods; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068698:Tenofovir
D063065:Organophosphonates; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000225:Adenine