title: The Nrf2 transcription factor contributes to the induction of alpha-class GST isoenzymes in liver of acute cadmium or manganese intoxicated rats: comparison with the toxic effect on NAD(P)H:quinone reductase.
abstract: In rat liver, in addition to their intrinsic transferase activity, alpha-class GSTs have Se-independent glutathione peroxidase activity toward fatty acid hydroperoxides, cumene hydroperoxide and phospholipids hydroperoxides but not toward H(2)O(2.) We have previously shown that hepatic GST activity by these isoenzymes is significantly increased 24h after cadmium or manganese administration (Casalino et al., 2004). Here it is reported that Se-independent glutathione peroxidase activity by alpha-class GSTs is also stimulated in the liver of intoxicated rats. The stimulation is associated with a higher level of alpha-class GST proteins, whose induction is blocked by actinomycin D co-administration. The observed Se-independent glutathione peroxidase activity is due to alpha-class GST isoenzymes, as indicated by the studies with diethyldithiocarbamate which, at any concentration, equally inhibits both GST and Se-independent glutathione peroxidase and is an uncompetitive inhibitor of both enzymes. As for liver Se-GSPx, it is not at all affected under these toxic conditions. For comparison, we have evaluated the status of another important antioxidant enzyme, NAD(P)H:quinone reductase, 24h after cadmium or manganese administration. NQO1 too results strongly stimulated in the liver of the intoxicated rats. In these animals, a higher expression of Nrf2 protein is observed, actively translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. The results with the transcription inhibitor, actinomycin D, and the effects on Nrf2 protein are the first clear indication that acute manganese intoxication, similarly to that of cadmium and other heavy metals, increases both the hepatic level of Nrf2 and its transfer from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it actively regulates the induction of phase II enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Bari, Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy. Electronic address: e.casalino@veterinaria.uniba.it.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Casalino
authors.affiliation: Unit of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Bari, Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calzaretti
authors.affiliation: Clinical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landriscina
authors.affiliation: Unit of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Bari, Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sblano
authors.affiliation: Clinical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Annarita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fabiano
authors.affiliation: Unit of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Bari, Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Clemente
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Landriscina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000633:toxicity*; D004050:Ditiocarb / Q000494:pharmacology; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D050984:NF-E2 Transcription Factor, p45 Subunit / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D021381:Protein Transport; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012643:Selenium / Q000378:metabolism; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D050984:NF-E2 Transcription Factor, p45 Subunit; D004050:Ditiocarb; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); C507703:NQO1 protein, rat; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C119995:glutathione S-transferase alpha; D012643:Selenium; D019256:Cadmium Chloride; C025340:manganese chloride