Physical therapy education and provision in Cambodia: a framework for choice of systems for development projects.
OBJECTIVE
Rehabilitation agencies, policy makers and donors are faced with the choice of the level of rehabilitation provider to promote in developing countries. This is particularly the case after conflict when new systems are considered and the need for rehabilitation becomes a priority. The complete decimation of medical services in Cambodia highlights the effects of both social change and development agency impact on the establishment of rehabilitation services. This paper discusses the factors that led to the development of four types of physical therapy provider levels in Cambodia with the goal of providing a framework for these decisions.


METHODS
Case study analysis utilizing interviews, site analysis and literature review.


RESULTS
There are four levels of physical therapy provider systems that were initiated at different stages of the rebuilding of the country. Rehabilitation workers were trained during the war in refugee camps and afterwards in rehabilitation centers, professional physical therapists were trained in a university programme after the conflict ceased and community follow-up workers and community-based rehabilitation workers were trained to address some of the geographic accessibility issues. Factors that affected the different systems include the post-conflict development agency philosophy, instructor availability and training, financial support, high school education standards, geographic and rural/urban distribution and cost and time for training. The community-based rehabilitation and community follow-up models also address referral systems and social and vocational support.


CONCLUSIONS
The comparison of the different types of provider and the initiating or driving forces that led to development of these systems are discussed in order to provide agencies which are planning to implement training of rehabilitation providers in developing countries with a decision-making framework. A combined system is the optimal approach; however, the choice of which type of provider level to promote will differ according to political stability, stage of development, presence of trained educators, rural vs. urban need, funding agency philosophy and educational standards in the country.
Dunleavy
Kim
K
Department of Physical Therapy, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA. ad661@wayne.edu
D002160:Cambodia; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D017146:Models, Organizational; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D026761:Physical Therapy Specialty / Q000193:education* / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012922:Social Change; D014857:Warfare