title: [Angiotensin-1 converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism in a Mexican population with diabetic nephropathy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetic nephropathy is a polygenic and multifactorial disease. Studies of familial clustering and genetic predisposition suggest that genetic factors are involved. Among candidate genes, the coding for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphism has been described. Our objective was to investigate the association ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism with the development of diabetic nephropathy in a Mexican population.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated 204 patients with type 2 diabetes: 43 with incipient diabetic nephropathy, 45 with established diabetic nephropathy and 116 without diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy was defined according the American Diabetes Association criteria. The ACE I/D gene polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with type 2 diabetes with both incipient diabetic nephropathy and established diabetic nephropathy significantly differed from controls with respect to variables that determined kidney damage (P<.0001) and serum lipids ( P<.01). The genotype DD was strongly associated with the development of incipient diabetic nephropathy (odds ratio [OR] adjusted = 2.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.74-4.59; P<.0001) and established diabetic nephropathy (OR adjusted = 2.95; 95% CI, 1.83-4.73; P<.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ACE DD genotype is associated with the development of incipient diabetic nephropathy and established diabetic nephropathy in a Mexican population.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas Dr. Ignacio Chávez, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Morelia, Michoacán, México.
authors.forename: Luz Elena
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Ortega-Pierres
authors.forename: Anel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gómez García
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Ayala
authors.forename: Benigno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Figueroa-Núñez
authors.forename: Víctor Manuel
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Farias-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Ana Edith
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Higareda-Mendoza
authors.forename: Marco Aurelio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pardo-Galván
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cortés-García
authors.forename: Joel Edmundo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: López-Meza
authors.forename: Cleto
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Aguilar
mesh_terms: D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A