title: Daytime hypoxemia, sleep-disordered breathing, and laryngopharyngeal findings in multiple system atrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mechanism underlying nocturnal sudden death in patients with MSA remains unclear. It may be explained by upper airway obstruction, such as vocal cord abductor paralysis; an impairment of the respiratory center, such as Cheyne-Stokes respiration; or an impaired hypoxemic ventilatory response.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the mechanism of sleep-disordered breathing in multiple system atrophy (MSA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 21 patients with probable MSA who were admitted sequentially to our hospital, and performed daytime blood gas analysis, pulmonary function tests, polysomnography, and fiberoptic laryngoscopy during wakefulness and with the patient under anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A decrease in arterial oxygen pressure and an increase in alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient significantly correlated with disease duration (P = .045 and .046, respectively). Polysomnography demonstrated Cheyne-Stokes respiration in 3 (15%) of 20 patients. Fiberoptic laryngoscopy during wakefulness showed that 3 (14%) of the 21 patients exhibited vocal cord abductor paralysis, and laryngoscopy under anesthesia showed that 9 (45%) of 20 patients exhibited vocal cord abductor paralysis. Laryngoscopy under anesthesia also revealed that 11 (55%) of 20 patients showed upper airway obstruction in places other than the vocal cords, including obstruction at the base of the tongue or soft palate. In addition, it demonstrated novel laryngopharyngeal findings, such as floppy epiglottis and airway obstruction at the arytenoid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed daytime hypoxemia with an increased alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, and novel abnormal laryngopharyngeal movements in patients with MSA. We also found that laryngoscopy under anesthesia might be useful for evaluating upper airway obstruction. The significance of these findings to the mechanism of sudden death in those with MSA needs to be examined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahi-machi-dori Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimohata
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinoda
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Tetsutaro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.forename: Kenshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terajima
authors.forename: Hirohisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuzawa
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Onodera
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naruse
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Sugata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Fumitake
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gejyo
authors.forename: Masatoyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D002639:Cheyne-Stokes Respiration / Q000209:etiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004825:Epiglottis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D007830:Larynx / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019578:Multiple System Atrophy / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017286:Polysomnography; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000209:etiology*; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology