title: Three-port versus four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute and chronic cholecystitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several modifications have been introduced to laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The three-port technique has been practiced on a limited scale. Our aim was to compare the three-port and four-port LC in acute (AC) and chronic cholecystitis (CC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 495 patients who underwent LC between September 1999 and September 2003 were reviewed. Variables such as complications, operating time, conversion to open procedure, hospital stay, and analgesia requirements were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and eighty-three patients underwent three-port LC and 212 patients underwent four-port LC. In total, 163 (32.9%) patients were diagnosed with AC and 332 (67.1%) with CC by histology. There was no statistical difference between the three and four-port groups in terms of complications, conversion to open procedure (p = 0.6), and operating time (p = 0.4). Patients who underwent three-port LC required less opiate analgesia (pethidine) than those who underwent four-port LC (p = 0.0001). The hospital stay was found to be related to the amount of opiates consumed (p = 0.0001) and was significantly shorter in the three-port LC group (p = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three-port LC is a safe procedure for AC and CC in expert hands. The procedure offers considerable advantages over the traditional four-port technique in the reduction of analgesia requirements and length of hospital stay.
authors.affiliation: Department of surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin Ireland. dhafir66@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Dhafir
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Al-Azawi
authors.forename: Nariman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Houssein
authors.forename: Abu Bakir
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Rayis
authors.forename: Donal
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: Dermot J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hehir
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000601:surgery*; D041881:Cholecystitis, Acute / Q000601:surgery; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies