title: Frequent long-distance plant colonization in the changing Arctic.
abstract: The ability of species to track their ecological niche after climate change is a major source of uncertainty in predicting their future distribution. By analyzing DNA fingerprinting (amplified fragment-length polymorphism) of nine plant species, we show that long-distance colonization of a remote arctic archipelago, Svalbard, has occurred repeatedly and from several source regions. Propagules are likely carried by wind and drifting sea ice. The genetic effect of restricted colonization was strongly correlated with the temperature requirements of the species, indicating that establishment limits distribution more than dispersal. Thus, it may be appropriate to assume unlimited dispersal when predicting long-term range shifts in the Arctic.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Biosystematics, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Post Office Box 1172 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway. ingera@unis.no
authors.forename: Inger Greve
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Alsos
authors.forename: Pernille Bronken
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Eidesen
authors.forename: Dorothee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ehrich
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Skrede
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Westergaard
authors.forename: Gro Hilde
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Jon Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Landvik
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Taberlet
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brochmann
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D031214:Arabis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D001110:Arctic Regions; D029662:Betula / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D003081:Cold Climate; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D017753:Ecosystem; D029791:Ericaceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005843:Geography; D046448:Ice Cover; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019685:Rosales / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D032108:Salix / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D014919:Wind