title: Are nurses' assessments of their workload affected by non-patient factors? An analysis of the RAFAELA system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify (1) the contribution of non-patient factors to patient classification systems and (2) the explanatory power of nursing care intensity and non-patient factors to Professional Assessment of Optimal Nursing Care Intensity Level workload.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In the Rainio, Fagerström and Rauhala (RAFAELA) patient classification system, nursing care intensity per nurse is measured daily by the Oulu Patient Classification/Qualisan instrument. The optimal nursing care intensity is determined using Professional Assessment of Optimal Nursing Care Intensity Level instrument. However, nurses' workload may be affected by factors other than nursing care intensity. Therefore, RAFAELA contains 12 non-patient questions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of all 22 somatic wards of a secondary healthcare hospital in Finland.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Non-patient questions were answered in 26% of 4870 questionnaires. They added to workload in 62%. Eight questions were grouped into four factors: administration; staff resources and mental stress; co-operation within and between units. The explanatory value between Oulu Patient Classification/Qualisan and Professional Assessment of Optimal Nursing Care Intensity Level had a median of 0.45. Including the non-patient questions raised it to 0.55.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-patient factors affect the nurses' assessments of their workload, but less than nursing care intensity. They contribute valuable information on the functioning and problems of wards.
authors.affiliation: Conservative Division, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland. auvo.rauhala@vshp.fi
authors.forename: Auvo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rauhala
authors.forename: Lisbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fagerström
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D015982:Bias; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000523:psychology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000145:classification*; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D016014:Linear Models; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000458:organization & administration*; D024802:Nurse's Role; D015401:Nursing Administration Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology*; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data