title: Uncorrected wavefront error and visual performance during RGP wear in keratoconus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between uncorrected residual wavefront error and visual performance (VP) in rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lens-wearing keratoconic eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven eyes from six subjects (six moderate, one severe) were studied (mean +/- SD age: 42.71 +/- 11.38 years). Significant corneal scarring was an exclusion criterion. Measurements were taken with RGP lenses in place. After pupil dilation, the VP measures of high contrast logMAR visual acuity (VA) and Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity (PRCS) were measured through a 5-mm artificial pupil. Wavefront error was measured using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and calculated over 5 mm. For both VP and wavefront error, comparisons were made to previously collected normal values by calculating the interval encompassing 95% of normals, then reporting how many of the seven keratoconic eyes fell outside the normal interval. Additionally, second to sixth order aberrations were processed into four previously reported image quality metrics: root mean square of the wavefront (RMSw), root mean square of the slope (RMSs), average blur strength (Bave) and diameter containing 50% light energy (D50) and regressed against VP measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five of seven keratoconic eyes fell outside the normal interval (-0.23 to 0.09) for VA and two of seven fell outside the normal interval (1.59 to 2.03) for PRCS. Five of seven keratoconic eyes fell outside the normal interval (0.07 to 0.35 microm) for total higher order RMS. Linear regressions demonstrated relationships between both VA and PRCS and the image quality metrics RMSw, D50, RMSs, and Bave with R values for VA = 0.30, 0.30, 0.47, 0.62, and PRCS = 0.21, 0.15, 0.45, 0.75 respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VP in RGP-wearing keratoconic eyes is reduced and higher order wavefront aberrations are elevated compared to normals. Metrics of retinal image quality demonstrate a relationship between keratoconic VP and residual wavefront aberrations. This relationship suggests developing corrections that more completely correct aberrations may improve visual performance in keratoconus.
authors.affiliation: Visual Optics Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA. jmarsack@optometry.uh.edu
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Marsack
authors.forename: Katrina E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pesudovs
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.forename: Raymond A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Applegate
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003261:Contact Lenses; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology; D019781:Corneal Topography; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007640:Keratoconus / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*