title: Esophageal balloon dilation in children: prospective analysis of hemodynamic changes and complications during general anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate hemodynamic changes and complications in children during balloon dilation of esophageal strictures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  5 ASA physical status I and II pediatric patients with benign esophageal stricture related to ingestion of caustic substances.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol two mg/kg and cisatracurium 0.2 mg/kg and maintained with 66% nitrous oxide and one minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in oxygen. In each session, balloon size was increased until the stricture was opened.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 18 sessions and 99 dilations in 5 children performed over a one-year period were included in the study. In 8 of 18 sessions, esophageal stricture was located in the middle one third of the esophagus; and in the others, in the upper one third. Four cases experienced bleeding; two cases, inability to ventilate due to obstruction of the endotracheal tube tip by the inflated balloon; and two cases, postextubation bronchospasm. In 95 of the 99 dilations, while the balloon was inflated, heart rate was faster and blood pressure increased significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anesthesiologists should keep in mind the possibility of hemodynamic instability and possible endotracheal tube tip obstruction by the inflated balloon and safeguard the airway against bleeding, secretions, and radio-opaque fluid during esophageal balloon dilation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Institute of Neurological Science, Marmara University, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey. arzugercek@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gerçek
authors.forename: Binnaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ay
authors.forename: Varlik
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.forename: Gursu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kiyan
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dagli
authors.forename: Yilmaz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gogus
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001831:Body Temperature; D002404:Catheterization; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D011446:Prospective Studies