title: The Hopelessness Scale: a factor analysis.
abstract: A confirmatory factor analysis of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in a sample of 340 Italian students did not support the 3-factor model reported for previous samples of psychiatric patients. A follow-up principal axis factor analysis yielded two interpretable correlated factors, suggesting that the structure of the scale may differ across clinical and nonclinical groups and as a function of nationality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Sant' Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy. maurizio.pompili@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pompili
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tatarelli
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lester
mesh_terms: D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires