title: Probing the skin permeation of fish oil/EPA and ketoprofen-3. Effects on epidermal COX-2 and LOX.
abstract: This work employed immunocytochemistry (ICC) techniques to study the effect of topically applied fish oil and ketoprofen on cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and lipoxygenase (LOX) within freshly excised porcine ear skin. Maintained in Hanks buffer immediately post excision, full thickness membranes were mounted in Franz diffusion cells and dosed with 1 ml of individual formulations containing ketoprofen, fish oil or both. At different timepoints, the diffused areas were recovered and relative activities of COX-2 and LOX determined. It was found that the fish oil formulation qualitatively inhibited the expression of both COX-2 and LOX enzymes. As expected, ketoprofen had no effect upon LOX expression but a significant decrease on COX-2 expression was observed. The formulation containing both fish oil and ketoprofen proved to be the most effective at inhibiting the expression of both COX-2 and LOX. Considered together with data from earlier papers, a mechanism of EPA permeation enhancement by ketoprofen may be elucidated and also show the ability of such a formulation to inhibit these enzymes and thus indicate the efficacy of such a formulation.
authors.affiliation: Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XF, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Davison
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Heard
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004431:Ear, External / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008084:Lipoxygenase / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010539:Permeability; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D005395:Fish Oils; D007660:Ketoprofen; D008084:Lipoxygenase; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2