title: Long-term MR imaging course of neurodegenerative Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  MR imaging signal intensity abnormalities in the cerebellum, the pons, and the basal ganglia, compatible with a neurodegenerative process (ND) were reported in up to 10% of patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Although the imaging features of ND-LCH have been extensively described, the temporal course of ND-LCH has not been assessed as of yet. The purpose of this study was to describe the long-term course of MR imaging signal intensity abnormalities in ND-LCH on T1- and T2-weighted images.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, 9 patients with ND-LCH with an observation time of at least 5 years were included. Three or more MR imaging studies per patient, performed in 3-year intervals (+/-11 months), were reviewed. Signal intensity abnormalities on T1- and T2-weighted images in the cerebellum, the pons, and basal ganglia were scored for their signal intensity quality and their extension. In addition, the severity of cerebellar atrophy was scored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The signal intensity alterations were not resolved in any of the patients. Instead, a progression of the signal intensity alterations either in the cerebellum or basal ganglia was observed in all of the patients but did not correlate with a clinical deterioration. Overt and severe neurologic symptoms were reported in only 2 patients in whom some form of atrophy was noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ND-LCH appears to be a slowly progressive process. The increase of signal intensity abnormalities in the cerebellum and basal ganglia does not correlate with neurologic deterioration. MR imaging appears to be a sensitive technique to detect and monitor radiologic ND-LCH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Otto Wagner Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Prosch
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grois
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wnorowski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prayer
mesh_terms: D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000473:pathology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006646:Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*