title: Spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas associated with progressive myelopathy. Report of four cases.
abstract: The authors report the cases of four patients who presented with progressive myelopathy (one patient had been asymptomatic for 25 years) due to spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs). Clinical symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging findings were similar to those of dural AVFs. In contrast to dural AVFs, angiography showed that the lesions were fed by multiple vessels and drained in one case in multiple veins. Perimedullary venous drainage was visible in three of the four cases. All fistulas were cured by embolization; arterial access was used in two cases and venous in two. The authors' aim in this paper is to emphasize the differences between dural and epidural AVFs in terms of their physiopathology and angioarchitecture as well as the therapeutic strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Purpan, University of Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Nivaldo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Anne Christine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Januel
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tall
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cognard
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae