title: Improving the palatability of activated charcoal in pediatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the taste preference and ease of swallowing of activated charcoal among healthy teenagers when mixed separately with 3 different additives: chocolate milk, Coca-Cola, and water.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy volunteers between 14 to 19 years of age were selected for the study. Five grams of activated charcoal (25 mL of 0.2 g/mL of Charcodote [Pharma Science, Montreal, Canada]) was mixed with 25 mL of chocolate milk, Coca-Cola, or water individually to make up 50 mL. The volunteers drank the 3 cups of the charcoal-additive mixture separately and then rated taste and ease of swallowing on a 10-cm visual analogue scale. The subjects then indicated their preferred charcoal-additive mixture if he/she had to drink 9 more portions of charcoal (this would estimate the dose of charcoal for a 50-kg child).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 44 subjects were recruited (25 boys and 19 girls). The mean scores for taste preference for chocolate milk, Coca-Cola, and water mixtures of charcoal were 5.5, 6.3, and 2.0, respectively, on a 10-cm visual analogue scale. Thus, subjects preferred the taste of charcoal mixed with chocolate milk or Coca-Cola over charcoal mixed with water (P = 0.0003 for both comparisons). The subjects did not show a statistically significant difference for ease of swallowing between the 3 charcoal-additive mixtures. Overall, 48% preferred the chocolate milk mixture, 45% preferred the Coca-Cola mixture, and 7% preferred charcoal mixed with water.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Healthy teenaged subjects identified that activated charcoal (Charcodote) mixed with chocolate milk or Coca-Cola (in a 1:1 ratio) improved taste but had no significant effect on improving ease of swallowing. Overall, the addition of chocolate milk or coke improves the palatability of charcoal and is favored over charcoal mixed with water alone.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Savithiri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ratnapalan
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002099:Cacao; D002606:Charcoal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D030221:Cola; D005260:Female; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013649:Taste; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D005421:Flavoring Agents; D014867:Water; D002606:Charcoal