title: Ethnic differences in healthcare-seeking behaviour and management for acute chest pain: secondary analysis of the MINAP dataset 2002-2003.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether there are ethnic differences in the healthcare-seeking behaviour and management of patients with chest pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort of patients attending accident and emergency departments with chest pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospitals in England and Wales from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2003.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with chest pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whether patients arrived by ambulance, whether they received thrombolysis and the time it took from symptom onset to arrive at hospital and receive thrombolysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  South Asian patients were less likely to arrive by ambulance (age and sex adjusted odds ratio 0.64, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.69, p<0.001) regardless of admission diagnosis. Overall, they were more likely to receive thrombolysis (adjusted multivariable odds ratio 1.19, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.30, p<0.001) and the difference was more marked if they had non-specific ECG changes for heart disease rather than definite evidence of a myocardial infarction. There was no evidence of an important clinical delay in South Asians receiving thrombolysis after arrival at hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are ethnic differences in healthcare-seeking behaviour and the way doctors manage South Asians with chest pain. The relative underuse of ambulances by South Asians may either reflect cultural differences or geographical proximity to hospitals. Doctors may have a lower threshold for giving thrombolytic therapy to South Asian men with chest pain possibly because they are aware of the increased risk of coronary heart disease in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. y.ben-shlomo@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ben-Shlomo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naqvi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001210:Asia, Southeastern / Q000208:ethnology; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods