title: Convex rear view mirrors compromise distance and time-to-contact judgements.
abstract: Convex rear view mirrors increasingly replace planar mirrors in automobiles. While increasing the field of view, convex mirrors are also taken to increase distance estimates and thereby reduce safety margins. However, this study failed to replicate systematic distance estimation errors in a real world setting. Whereas distance estimates were accurate on average, convex mirrors lead to significantly more variance in distance and spacing estimations. A second experiment explored the effect of mirrors on time-to-contact estimations, which had not been previously researched. Potential effects of display size were separated from effects caused by distortion in convex mirrors. Time-to-contact estimations without a mirror were most accurate. However, not distortion, but visual angle seemed to cause estimation biases. Evaluating advantages and disadvantages of convex mirrors is far more complex than expected so far.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. hecht@uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hecht
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brauer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004215:Distance Perception; D006804:Ergonomics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018986:Motor Vehicles / Q000592:standards*; D010469:Perceptual Distortion; D011482:Protective Devices / Q000592:standards*; D013997:Time Factors; D014794:Visual Fields