title: Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone from the tropical land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis: cloning, isoforms, and tissue expression.
abstract: Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) regulates carbohydrate metabolism, molting, and ion and water transport. cDNAs encoding four CHH isoforms (designated EG-CHH-A, -B, -C, and -D) were cloned from eyestalk ganglia (EG) from land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis. The isoforms differed in the 3' region of the open reading frame and/or the length of the 3' untranslated region. All encoded essentially identical preprohormones containing a 28-amino acid (aa) signal peptide, a 42-aa precursor related peptide and a 72-aa mature CHH. All deduced aa sequences had the six cysteines, two arginines, one aspartate, one phenylalanine, and one arginine originally identified as characteristic of this neuropeptide family. There was a single aa difference between the EG-CHH-D mature hormone and the other three isoforms. The EG-CHH isoforms were expressed in EG, hindgut, and thoracic ganglion. A fifth CHH isoform, designated pericardial organ (PO)-CHH, was similar to the PO-CHH isoform described in green crab, Carcinus maenas. It was expressed in hindgut and testis, but not in eyestalk ganglia; its expression in PO was not determined. The deduced aa sequence of the PO-CHH was identical to that of the EG-CHH isoforms through aa #40 of the mature peptide. The divergent aa sequence between positions #41 and #73 was encoded by an insertion of a 111-bp sequence absent in EG-CHH cDNAs. The data suggest that EG-CHH and PO-CHH isoforms are generated by alternative splicing of at least two CHH genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Kara J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Rachelle M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Doran
authors.forename: Donald L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Mykles
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D001483:Base Sequence; D003386:Brachyura / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D007447:Invertebrate Hormones; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D007447:Invertebrate Hormones; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; C015947:hyperglycemic hormone, crustacean