title: Exposure caused by wireless technologies used for short-range indoor communication in homes and offices.
abstract: In order to estimate typical radio frequency exposures from indoor used wireless communication technologies applied in homes and offices, WLAN, Bluetooth and Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications systems, as well as baby surveillance devices and wireless headphones for indoor usage, have been investigated by measurements and numerical computations. Based on optimised measurement methods, field distributions and resulting exposure were assessed on selected products and real exposure scenarios. Additionally, generic scenarios have been investigated on the basis of numerical computations. The obtained results demonstrate that under usual conditions the resulting spatially (over body dimensions) averaged and 6-min time-averaged exposure for persons in the radio frequency fields of the considered applications is below approximately 0.1% of the reference level for power density according to the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines published in 1998. Spatial and temporal peak values can be considerably higher by 2-3 orders of magnitude. In case of some transmitting devices operated in close proximity to the body (e.g. WLAN transmitters), local exposure can reach the same order of magnitude as the basic restriction; however, none of the devices considered in this study exceeded the limits according to the ICNIRP guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Austrian Research Centers GmbH -ARC, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. gernot.schmid@arcs.ac.at
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lager
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Preiner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uberbacher
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cecil
mesh_terms: D003195:Computer Communication Networks; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D011634:Public Health; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013685:Telecommunications; D017216:Telemedicine