title: The preparedness of emergency medical services against occupationally acquired communicable diseases in the prehospital environment in South Africa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emergency medical care is performed in an uncontrolled environment and involves invasive procedures and life support measures. The performance of these duties places emergency care practitioners (ECPs) at risk of occupationally acquired injuries and communicable diseases. Although legislative guidelines exist for the protection of healthcare workers, little is known about the protective measures available for and utilised by ECPs in the pre-hospital environment in South Africa.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the availability and implementation of emergency medical services (EMS)-specific infection control policies and standard operating procedures in the pre-hospital environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interviews with key informants were used to collect data concerning policies on communicable diseases and infection control in the EMS, the operational aspects of these policies, and educational programmes on communicable diseases and infection control for ECPs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is no national policy on communicable diseases and infection control in EMS. Only KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape and Gauteng have EMS-specific standard operating procedures for communicable diseases and infection control. Formal education and in-service training is limited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A national communicable disease and infection control policy specific to the EMS needs to be developed together with an accredited training module on communicable diseases and infection control for EMS in the pre-hospital environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag 7, Congella 4013, Durban, South Africa. mahomed@ukzn.ac.za
authors.forename: Ozayr
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mahomed
authors.forename: Champaklal Chaganlal
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Jinabhai
authors.forename: Myra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Section of Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yancey
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000379:methods; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000635:transmission; D003666:Decontamination / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000193:education; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017758:Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional / Q000517:prevention & control; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011482:Protective Devices; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology