title: Desflurane preconditioning in coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a double-blinded, randomised and placebo-controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent clinical and experimental data indicate that volatile anaesthetics may precondition myocardium against ischaemia and infarction. The present clinical trial was designed to verify the cardioprotective effects of desflurane in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery. It was hypothesized that desflurane preconditioning would decrease postoperative release of troponin I and brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Besides, we have hypothesized that desflurane preconditioning would preserve the myocardium from the dysfunction following cardioplegic arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients were randomly divided into two groups: Control group (14 patients) and Desflurane group (14 patients). In Desflurane group (DS) patients, preconditioning was elicited after the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass via a 5-min exposure to desflurane (2.5 minimum alveolar concentration), followed by a 10-min washout before aortic cross-clamping and cardioplegic arrest. The control group (C) patients underwent an equivalent period (15 min) of pre-arrest desflurane-free bypass. Haemodynamic measurements were obtained at six different times. The biochemistry markers of cellular damage and myocardial dysfunction (troponin I, NT-proBNP) were determined. Left ventricular (LV) function was assessed using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of mitral annulus. Two-factor repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate differences over time between groups for all parameters determined in plasma samples and for all TDI-derived variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After surgery, both the troponin I values (2.04+/-1.09 ng/ml vs 1.44+/-0.77 ng/ml, p<0.01 after 24h and 1.62+/-0.96 ng/ml vs 1.00+/-0.24 ng/ml, p<0.01 after 72 h respectively) and those of the NT-proBNP (2187+/-282.9 ng/l vs 885.4+/-117.35 ng/l, p<0.01 after 24h and 3097.9+/-226.2 vs 1393.6+/-312.07 ng/l, p<0.01 after 72 h respectively) were less in the desflurane-treated patients. The values of TDI of mitral annulus were constantly better in desflurane-treated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We can conclude that the use of desflurane in these patients provides a pharmacological preconditioning so as to reduce myocardial necrosis and improve the cardiac performance in the postoperative period.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit and Intensive Care Department, Centro Malan Istituto Clinico Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Italy. massimo.meco@virgilio.it
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meco
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cirri
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gallazzi
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Magnani
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cosseta
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D000077335:Desflurane; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial / Q000379:methods*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D045283:Natriuretic Agents / Q000097:blood; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D009336:Necrosis; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D045283:Natriuretic Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019210:Troponin I; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D000077335:Desflurane; D007530:Isoflurane