title: Intakes of coffee, tea, milk, soda and juice and renal cell cancer in a pooled analysis of 13 prospective studies.
abstract: Specific beverage intake may be associated with the risk of renal cell cancer through a diluting effect of carcinogens, alterations of hormone levels, or other changes in the renal tubular environment, but few prospective studies have examined these associations. We evaluated the associations between coffee, tea, milk, soda and fruit and vegetable juice intakes and renal cell cancer risk in a pooled analysis of 13 prospective studies (530,469 women and 244,483 men). Participants completed a validated food-frequency questionnaire at baseline. Using the primary data, the study-specific relative risks (RRs) were calculated and then pooled using a random effects model. A total of 1,478 incident renal cell cancer cases were identified during a follow-up of 7-20 years across studies. Coffee consumption was associated with a modestly lower risk of renal cell cancer (pooled multivariate RR for 3 or more 8 oz (237 ml) cups/day versus less than one 8 oz (237 ml) cup/day = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.67-1.05; p value, test for trend = 0.22). Tea consumption was also inversely associated with renal cell cancer risk (pooled multivariate RR for 1 or more 8 oz (237 ml) cups/day versus nondrinkers = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.71-1.02; pvalue, test for trend = 0.04). No clear associations were observed for milk, soda or juice. Our findings provide strong evidence that neither coffee nor tea consumption increases renal cell cancer risk. Instead, greater consumption of coffee and tea may be associated with a lower risk of renal cell cancer. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. jung.lee@channing.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Jung Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spiegelman
authors.forename: Hans-Olov
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Adami
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: Piet A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van den Brandt
authors.forename: Julie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Buring
authors.forename: Eunyoung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Dallas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: English
authors.forename: Aaron R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Folsom
authors.forename: Jo L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Freudenheim
authors.forename: Graham G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Gile
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giovannucci
authors.forename: Pamela L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Horn-Ross
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leitzmann
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Satu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Männistö
authors.forename: Marjorie L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: McCullough
authors.forename: Anthony B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Alexander S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pietinen
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Rohan
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schatzkin
authors.forename: Leo J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.forename: Walter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolk
authors.forename: Shumin M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Smith-Warner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages; D002253:Carbonated Beverages; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003069:Coffee; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013662:Tea; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea