title: Labour characteristics and neonatal Erb's palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine risk factors for Erb's palsy, with a focus on graphic labour patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  New York City.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 45 consecutive cases of Erb's palsy and 90 controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnancies and labours of neonatal Erb's palsy cases were compared with 90 controls using univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Erb's palsy and shoulder dystocia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mothers of children with Erb's palsy had a higher term body mass index and more gestational diabetes than those of controls. Even cases without diabetes had higher blood glucose values after a 50-g glucose challenge than did controls. Cases had a higher birthweight and a lower ratio of head-to-thoracic circumference than controls. Shoulder dystocia occurred in 67% of cases and in 2% of controls (P = 0.001). Only 46% of labours had a completely normal dilatation pattern. In a multiple logistic regression model, variables independently associated with brachial plexus injury were long deceleration phase of labour, long second stage, high birthweight, black race, and high neonatal or maternal body mass.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Erb's palsy was frequently preceded by abnormal labour and shoulder dystocia; however, a substantial proportion of cases occurred after normal labour and delivery. Predictive models will be necessary to determine to what extent careful monitoring of the terminal portion of dilatation and of fetal descent and incorporation of maternal body mass and race (all independent risk factors in this study) will help identify fetuses at risk for brachial plexus palsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, New York, NY 11418, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weizsaecker
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Deaver
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001034:Apgar Score; D001724:Birth Weight; D015992:Body Mass Index; D020516:Brachial Plexus Neuropathies / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D004420:Dystocia / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007748:Labor Stage, Second; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors