title: Positive margins in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in 855 cases: a multi-institutional survey from the United States and Europe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Open partial nephrectomy has emerged as the standard of care in the management of renal tumors smaller than 4 cm. While laparoscopic radical nephrectomy has been shown to be comparable to open radical nephrectomy with respect to long-term outcomes, important questions remain unanswered regarding the oncological efficacy of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. We examined the practice patterns and pathological outcomes following laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey was sent to academic medical centers in the United States and in Europe performing laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. The total number of laparoscopic partial nephrectomies, positive margins, indications for intraoperative frozen biopsy as well as tumor size and position were queried.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surveys suitable for analysis were received from 17 centers with a total of 855 laparoscopic partial nephrectomy cases. Mean tumor size was 2.7 cm (+/-0.6). There were 21 cases with positive margins on final pathology, giving an overall positive margin rate of 2.4%. Intraoperative frozen sections were performed selectively at 10 centers based on clinical suspicion of positive margins on excised tumor. Random biopsies were routinely performed on the resection bed at 5 centers. Frozen sections were never performed at 2 centers. Of the 21 cases with positive margins 14 underwent immediate radical nephrectomy based on the frozen section and 7 were followed expectantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early experience with laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in this multicenter study demonstrates oncological efficacy comparable to that of open partial nephrectomy with respect to the incidence of positive margins. The practice of intraoperative frozen sections varied among centers and is not definitive in guiding the optimal surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA, and San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy. abreda@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Breda
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Stepanian
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guazzoni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stifelman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Breda
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fornara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jackman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosales
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palou
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grasso
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pansadoro
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Disanto
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Porpiglia
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Milani
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Abbou
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gaston
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Janetschek
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Soomro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de la Rosette
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Laguna
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Schulam
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005060:Europe; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D010535:Laparoscopy; D009392:Nephrectomy; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States