title: Antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of Randia echinocarpa fruit.
abstract: We report for the first time the antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of fractions from Randia echinocarpa fruit, which is a Rubiaceae plant native to Sinaloa, Mexico. This fruit has been traditionally used in the prevention or treatment of cancer, among other diseases. The pulp of the fruit was sequentially extracted with solvents of different polarity (i.e. hexane, chloroform, methanol and water). A high extraction yield was obtained with methanol (72.17% d.w.). The aqueous extract showed the highest content of phenolics (2.27 mg/g as ferulic acid equivalents) and the highest antioxidant activity based on the beta-carotene bleaching method (486.15). The commercial antioxidant BHT was used as control (835.05). Antimutagenic activity of the aqueous extract (0-500 microg/tube) was evaluated using the Salmonella microsuspension assay (YG1024 strain) and 1-NP as the mutagen (50 and 100 ng/tube). The aqueous extract was neither toxic nor mutagenic and the percentage of inhibition on 1-NP mutagenicity was 32 and 53% at doses of 50 and 100 ng/tube, respectively. The results of the double incubation assay suggest that the extract inhibited the mutagenicity of 1-NP by a combination of desmutagenic and bioantimutagenic effects.
authors.affiliation: Maestría en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Sin, Mexico.
authors.forename: María Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Santos-Cervantes
authors.forename: María Emilia
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ibarra-Zazueta
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Loarca-Piña
authors.forename: Octavio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Paredes-López
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Delgado-Vargas
mesh_terms: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D004249:DNA Damage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D009154:Mutation; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019666:Rubiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D009153:Mutagens; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019207:beta Carotene