title: Cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the anesthetized rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary aims of this study were to determine the major frequencies and powers of oscillations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure in the anesthetized rat, and determine whether the CSF pressure oscillations correlated with the major oscillation frequencies in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems as proposed by some chiropractic theories.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cardiac and ventilatory cycles, and CSF pressure were simultaneously recorded during spontaneous and positive-pressure mechanical ventilation in the anesthetized rat. Power spectra were generated from the raw data to identify the major oscillation frequencies in cardiorespiratory and CSF data sets. Entrainment of CSF pressure with ventilation was tested by mechanically pacing the ventilation over a range of frequencies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most powerful oscillation in CSF pressure was coincident with ventilatory chest movement during both spontaneous and mechanically paced ventilation. In 22 of 26 trials, there was also a very weak oscillation in CSF pressure that was entrained to heart rate. In addition, in 21 of 26 trials, it was possible to identify a low-frequency oscillation (<0.25 Hz) in CSF pressure that was coincident with a low-frequency oscillation in the power spectrum of the cardiac cycle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests oscillations in CSF pressure in the anesthetized rat are entrained to and driven by ventilation. The arterial pulse pressure makes little contribution to oscillations in CSF pressure in the immobile, anesthetized rat. This study provides normative, quantitative data on which to develop studies concerning the effects of vertebral movements and spinal posture on CSF dynamics.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Brian S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Budgell
authors.forename: Philip S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Bolton
mesh_terms: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015170:Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012119:Respiration; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D014520:Urethane / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D014520:Urethane