title: Lymph node involvement in gastric cancer for different tumor sites and T stage: Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer (IRGGC) experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of lymphadenectomy is to clear all the metastatic nodes achieving a complete removal of the tumor; nevertheless, its role in gastric cancer has been very much debated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The frequency of node metastasis in each lymphatic station according to the International Gastric Cancer Association, was studied in 545 patients who underwent D2 or D3 lymphadenectomy from June 1988 to December 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Upper third early cancers have shown an involvement of N2 celiac nodes in 25%. In advanced cancers, there was a high frequency of metastasis in the right gastroepiploic (from 10% in T2 to 50% in T4) and in the paraaortic nodes (26% in T2, 32% in T3, 38 % in T4). N3 left paracardial nodes involvement was observed in an important share of middle third tumors (17% in T3, 36% in T4). Splenic hilum nodes metastasis were common in T3 and T4 cancers located in the upper (39%) and middle (17%) stomach. N2 nodal involvement was frequent in lower third advanced cancers. Metastasis in M left paracardial and short gastric nodes were observed in a small percentage of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the nodal diffusion in our gastric cancer patients, extended lymphadenectomy is still a rationale to obtain radical resection.
authors.affiliation: First Division of General Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. dileomd@libero.it
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Leo
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marrelli
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roviello
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernini
authors.forename: AnnaMaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minicozzi
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giacopuzzi
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pedrazzani
authors.forename: Luca Gian
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Baiocchi
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Manzoni
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*