title: Gene \Narcotic Attenuation Program attenuates substance use disorder, a clinical subtype of reward deficiency syndrome.
abstract: This study evaluated the effects of a putative activator of brain reward circuitry on outcomes in a 1-y prospective comprehensive outpatient clinical program. As part of the Gene Narcotic Attenuation Program, Haveos (Synaptamine)(TM) was administered for the treatment of substance use disorder. Seventy-six patients (45 males and 31 females; mean age, 33 y [standard deviation, 7.0]) who had been given a diagnosis of serious substance use disorder were recruited. After exclusion of 15 patients who dropped out before the end of the study, self-reported craving decreased from program entrance to 12 wk (visual analog scale whereby 0 represents no craving and 5, the strongest craving) for 61 compliant patients (mean decrease, 2.85, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.65, 3.05); this improvement was significant (P<.001). Building up to relapse scores (each of 5 individual items and summary value) showed similar improvement after 1 y of treatment; the mean decrease in scores was significant for stress (t=3.3; P=.002), depression (t=4.0; P<.001), anger (t=4.4; P<.001), anxiety (t=4.5, P<.001), drug craving (t=5.4, P<.001), and summary building up to relapse (t=4.1; P<.001). Also, recovery score measures of energy level (t=8.4; P<.001) and ability to refrain from drug-seeking behavior (t=7.4; P<.001) showed significant mean increases from entry to 1 y. During the study, the alcoholic dropout rate was only 7% (4 of 57), which was significantly (Fisher's exact test, P<.001) lower than the 73% (11 of 15) dropout rate reported for psychostimulant users. Although these results are significant, any interpretation must await the performance of rigorous double-blind studies.
authors.affiliation: Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Thomas J H
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: Roger L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Waite
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meshkin
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schoolfield
authors.forename: B Williams
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Downs
authors.forename: Eric E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Braverman
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arcuri
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varshavskiy
authors.forename: Seth H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mengucci
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reuben
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palomo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012201:Reward; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013577:Syndrome