title: Comparison of three methods of temperature measurement in hypothermic, euthermic, and hyperthermic dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the reliability and accuracy of a predictive rectal thermometer, an infrared auricular thermometer designed for veterinary use, and a subcutaneous temperature-sensing microchip for measurement of core body temperature over various temperature conditions in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 purpose-bred dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A minimum of 7 days prior to study commencement, a subcutaneous temperature-sensing microchip was implanted in 1 of 3 locations (interscapular, lateral aspect of shoulder, or sacral region) in each dog. For comparison with temperatures measured via rectal thermometer, infrared auricular thermometer, and microchip, core body temperature was measured via a thermistor-tipped pulmonary artery (TTPA) catheter. Hypothermia was induced during anesthesia at the time of TTPA catheter placement; on 3 occasions after placement of the catheter, hyperthermia was induced via administration of a low dose of endotoxin. Near-simultaneous duplicate temperature measurements were recorded from the TTPA catheter, the rectal thermometer, auricular thermometer, and subcutaneous microchips during hypothermia, euthermia, and hyperthermia. Reliability (variability) of temperature measurement for each device and agreement between each device measurement and core body temperature were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Variability between duplicate near-simultaneous temperature measurements was greatest for the auricular thermometer and least for the TTPA catheter. Measurements obtained by use of the rectal thermometer were in closest agreement with core body temperature; for all other devices, temperature readings typically underestimated core body temperature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among the 3 methods of temperature measurement, rectal thermometry provided the most accurate estimation of core body temperature in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Greer
authors.forename: Leah A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dodam
authors.forename: Colette C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wagner-Mann
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Mann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D002407:Catheterization, Swan-Ganz / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004285:Dogs; D004423:Ear; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D046208:Microchip Analytical Procedures / Q000662:veterinary; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000502:physiology*; D012007:Rectum; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013821:Thermometers / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*