title: Genetic relatedness among isolates of Shigella sonnei carrying class 2 integrons in Tehran, Iran, 2002-2003.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Shigella spp. are major cause of diarrhoeal disease in both developing and developed countries. Shigella sonnei is the serogroup of Shigella most frequently responsible for sporadic and epidemic enteritis in developed countries. In recent years the emergence and spread of S. sonnei biotype g carrying class 2 integron have been frequently reported in many countries. Recently, S. sonnei has been reported as the prevalent serogroup of Shigella in Iran. The present study was carried out to investigate phenotypic and genetic characteristics of Shigella sonnei isolates identified in the years 2002 and 2003 in Tehran, Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biotyping, drug susceptibility testing, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and analysis of class 2 integrons have been carried out on 60 S. sonnei isolates, including 57 sporadic isolates from paediatric cases of shigellosis occurring in 2002 and 2003, two sporadic isolates recovered in 1984 and the ATCC 9290 strain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biotype g and resistance to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and tetracycline were exhibited by 54 of the 57 recent isolates. Of the 54 biotype g isolates, 28 exhibited a class 2 integron of 2161 bp, and 24 a class 2 integron of 1371 bp, respectively. Class 2 integrons were not detected in four isolates only, including the two endemic isolates recovered in 1984 and two strains from recent sporadic cases. PFGE divided the strains into eight pulsotypes labeled A to H, three major pulsotypes - A to C - including the large majority of the recent sporadic S. sonnei isolates. Pulsotypes A and C were the most prevalent groups, accounting for 41.6% and 35.0%, respectively, of the isolates under study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that biotype g, class 2 integron carrying S. sonnei are prevalent in our geographic area. S. sonnei isolated in the years 2002 and 2003 could be attributed to a few predominant clusters including, respectively, strains with pulsotypes B and C carrying a 2161 bp class 2 integron, and those having pulsotype A and a 1371 bp class 2 integron. A few epidemic clones are responsible for the apparently endemic occurrence of shigellosis in Tehran, Iran.
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Molecular Biology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ranjbar@bmsu.ac.ir
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ranjbar
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aleo
authors.forename: Giovanni M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Giammanco
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dionisi
authors.forename: Nourkhoda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sadeghifard
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mammina
mesh_terms: D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D032023:Integrons / Q000235:genetics*; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D010641:Phenotype; D015995:Prevalence; D012764:Shigella sonnei / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*