title: Multiple Sclerosis in Keralite siblings after migration to the Middle East: a report of familial Multiple Sclerosis from India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in two migrant Indian siblings in the Middle East.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  MS was thought to be rare in the Indian subcontinent, but, of late, with ready availability of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan, evoked potential studies and immunoglobulin estimation in this part of the developing world, there have been several reports of definite cases of MS from India. However familial MS remains hitherto unreported from the Indian subcontinent.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 39-year-old South Indian Hindu female presented with an episode of hemiparesis which remitted with treatment. Three months later she had a relapse in an acute disseminated form, with residual deficits in gait, vision and mental faculties. MRI revealed discrete and confluent plaques in the centrum semiovale. Four years later, her brother was diagnosed to have central demyelinating disease with discrete and confluent plaques in the cervical cord and corona radiata when he presented at age 39 with neck pain and episodic tonic spasms in the lower limbs. Leucodystrophies were ruled out through appropriate biochemical tests. Cases satisfied diagnostic criteria for MS and were confirmed by follow up. HLA associations were studied. Starting a decade after migration from the South Indian state of Kerala to the Middle East, the disease had slow secondary progression in the female but a stable benign course, so far, in the male sibling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first case report of familial MS from the Indian subcontinent. Onset of MS in South Indian siblings after several years of stay in the Middle East may support aetiological postulations of gene-environment interactions.
authors.affiliation: Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry-6, India. sknarayan@jipmer.edu
authors.forename: Sunil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Narayan
authors.forename: Sudhir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elangovan
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Verma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005843:Geography; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008877:Middle East; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D012737:Sex Factors; D035781:Siblings; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens