title: Enzymatic formation of modular cell-instructive fibrin analogs for tissue engineering.
abstract: The molecular engineering of cell-instructive artificial extracellular matrices is a powerful means to control cell behavior and enable complex processes of tissue formation and regeneration. This work reports on a novel method to produce such smart biomaterials by recapitulating the crosslinking chemistry and the biomolecular characteristics of the biopolymer fibrin in a synthetic analog. We use activated coagulation transglutaminase factor XIIIa for site-specific coupling of cell adhesion ligands and engineered growth factor proteins to multiarm poly(ethylene glycol) macromers that simultaneously form proteolytically sensitive hydrogel networks in the same enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Growth factor proteins are quantitatively incorporated and released upon cell-derived proteolytic degradation of the gels. Primary stromal cells can invade and proteolytically remodel these networks both in an in vitro and in vivo setting. The synthetic ease and potential to engineer their physicochemical and bioactive characteristics makes these hybrid networks true alternatives for fibrin as provisional drug delivery platforms in tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Oral Biology, Section Bioengineering, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ehrbar
authors.forename: Simone C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Rizzi
authors.forename: Ruslan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hlushchuk
authors.forename: Valentin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Djonov
authors.forename: Andreas H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Zisch
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hubbell
authors.forename: Franz E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Matthias P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lutolf
mesh_terms: D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002460:Cell Line; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry*; D005337:Fibrin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005337:Fibrin; D011503:Transglutaminases