title: Microdialysis of the rectus abdominis muscle for early detection of impending abdominal compartment syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether microdialysis is capable of assessing metabolic derangements during intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH), and whether monitoring of the rectus abdominis muscle (RAM) by microdialysis represents a reliable approach in the early detection of organ dysfunctions in abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University animal research facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen isoflurane-anesthetized and mechanically ventilated Sprague-Dawley rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  IAH of 20 mmHg was induced for 3 h and followed by decompression and reperfusion for another 3-h period (n = 10). Five sham-operated animals served as controls. Microdialysis was performed in the anterior gastric wall, liver, kidney, and RAM. The anterior cervical muscles served as distant reference. Glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol was analyzed throughout the 6-h experiment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prolonged IAH induced significant cardiopulmonary dysfunction and persistent abdominal organ injury. Microdialysis revealed a significant increase of lactate/pyruvate and glycerol in kidney, intestine and liver, indicating ischemia, energy failure, and cell membrane damage. In addition, at 3 h IAH glucose was significantly decreased in all organs studied. The distant reference did not show any alteration of lactate/pyruvate, glycerol, and glucose over the entire 6-h observation period. In contrast to the other organs, microdialysis of the RAM showed an early and more pronounced increase of lactate, lactate/pyruvate and glycerol already at 1 h IAH. It is noteworthy that lactate, glycerol, and glucose did not completely recover upon decompression of IAH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that continuous microdialysis in the RAM may represent a promising tool for early detecting IAH-induced metabolic derangements.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany. christoph.meier@usz.ch
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Contaldo
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.forename: Joerg H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Holstein
authors.forename: Juerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamacher
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amon
authors.forename: Guido A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wanner
authors.forename: Otmar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Trentz
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Menger
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries; D003161:Compartment Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005858:Germany; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D042282:Microdissection; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017568:Rectus Abdominis; D015427:Reperfusion Injury