title: The PPARgamma Pro12Ala polymorphism is not associated with body mass index or waist circumference among Hispanics from Colorado.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  First to determine if body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) differ by possession of the Ala allele of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) Pro12Ala polymorphism, and second, to determine if dietary fat intake and physical activity moderate these potential relationships among Hispanic Americans from Colorado.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 216 Hispanic pedigrees (1,850 nuclear families) from the San Luis Valley and Denver (mean age 50 years). The families were genotyped for the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARgamma gene. BMI, WC and diabetes status were measured in the clinic, and, for diabetics, self-reported BMI at diabetes diagnosis was used. Data were analyzed using the Family-Based Association Test (FBAT). We conducted overall and stratified analyses by tertiles of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated (PUFA) and saturated (SFA) fat intake, the PUFA:SFA ratio, and physical activity. We also used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to further explore the FBAT findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average BMI and WC were approximately 29 kg/m(2) and 101 cm, respectively. The frequency of the Ala allele was 13.5%. We did not find the Ala allele to be associated with BMI or WC overall (p = 0.58 and 0.23, respectively). We did find the Ala allele to be associated with increased BMI in those with high dietary PUFA and PUFA:SFA ratio (p = 0.007 and 0.01, respectively); however, these findings were not confirmed using the GEE models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One previous study has reported the Ala allele to be associated with higher BMI among Hispanics; however, we did not find this association. Further, we could not conclude that dietary fat intake or physical activity altered any association between BMI or WC and the Ala allele.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. tnelson@cahs.colostate.edu <tnelson@cahs.colostate.edu>
authors.forename: Tracy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Tasha E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Fingerlin
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: M Michael
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Barmada
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ferrell
authors.forename: Jill M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Norris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D047495:PPAR gamma