title: Small primary adenocarcinoma in adenomyosis with nodal metastasis: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malignant transformation of adenomyosis is a very rare event. Only about 30 cases of this occurrence have been documented till now.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient was a 57-year-old woman with a slightly enlarged uterus, who underwent total hysterectomy and unilateral adnexectomy. On gross inspection, the uterine wall displayed a single nodule measuring 5 cm and several small gelatinous lesions. Microscopic examination revealed a common leiomyoma and multiple adenomyotic foci. A few of these glands were transformed into a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. The endometrium was completely examined and tumor free. The carcinoma was, therefore, considered to be an endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from adenomyosis. Four months later, an ultrasound scan revealed enlarged pelvic lymph nodes: a cytological diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma was made. Immunohistochemical studies showed an enhanced positivity of the tumor site together with the neighbouring adenomyotic foci for estrogen receptors, aromatase, p53 and COX-2 expression when compared to the distant adenomyotic glands and the endometrium. We therefore postulate that the neoplastic transformation of adenomyosis implies an early carcinogenic event involving p53 and COX-2; further tumor growth is sustained by an autocrine-paracrine loop, based on a modulation of hormone receptors as well as aromatase and COX-2 local expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adenocarcinoma in adenomyosis may be affected by local hormonal influence and, despite its small size, may metastasize.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS, Aviano PN, Italy. gpuppa@yahoo.com <gpuppa@yahoo.com>
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Puppa
authors.forename: Makio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shozu
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Perin
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Annunziata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gloghini
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Campagnutta
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Canzonieri
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D018194:Adenomyoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D001141:Aromatase / Q000378:metabolism; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D035583:Rare Diseases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D001141:Aromatase; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2