title: Significance of ceramide and DNA ploidy in laryngeal carcinogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression of ceramide produced by sphingomyelin and DNA ploidy in normal laryngeal mucosa, laryngeal precancerous lesions and laryngeal carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty consecutive patients with leukoplakia larynx were identified from the archived pathology files of the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University from 1990 to 2001. Among them, 23 patients developed laryngeal carcinoma. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were performed to test DNA content and ceramide expression on normal tissue, precancerous lesions and laryngeal carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 80 patients with laryngeal carcinoma, 23 cases were all aneuploids, and 57 diploids. Expression of ceramide decreased gradually from normal tissue via precancerous lesions to laryngeal carcinoma. Cell staining per high-power field was 400 +/- 30, 180 +/- 20, and 10 +/- 10, respectively (p < 0.05, t test). The expression of ceramide in the DNA diploid cell was higher than that in the aneuploid cell (p < 0.05, t test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ceramide, the second messenger in apoptosis, plays a significant role in the progression from precancerous lesion to carcinoma of the larynx. Reduction in ceramide may be the key factor in laryngeal carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yasheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Fanglu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Shuyi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhengmin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000782:Aneuploidy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002518:Ceramides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004171:Diploidy; D018450:Disease Progression; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007971:Leukoplakia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011003:Ploidies; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D002518:Ceramides