title: Is there an effect of prenatal breech position on locomotion at 2.5 years?
abstract: The long-term effects of intra-uterine breech position on postnatal development of motor functions have not been systematically investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effect of prenatal breech position on locomotion. Two complementary studies were conducted. Firstly, a gait analysis was carried out. Secondly, in a functional task the children were challenged to cross a gap until their maximum attainable crossing distance was reached. The mean age of the twenty-one children who participated in this study was 32.1 months (SD=4). Children who had lain in prenatal breech position (n=10) had a walking pattern comparable to the control group (n=11). There were no differences in step length, step width, foot rotation, foot rotation asymmetry, hip flexion, hip extension and range of motion of the hip. Thus, prenatal breech position, although a long-term effect was found, does not seem to have functional consequences on locomotion. However, the total amount of extra hip motion during the gap crossing was significantly smaller in children who had lain in breech position compared to the control group. This was due to significant less extra hip flexion at the side of the leading leg. Nevertheless, comparable maximum gaps were crossed in both groups. Apparently, these children had a different solution of the challenging task of gap crossing. They compensated the lack of extra hip flexion by applying more extra hip extension.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Van der Boechorststraat 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Annick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ledebt
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zwart
authors.forename: Johanna I P
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: De Vries
authors.forename: Geert J P
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Savelsbergh
mesh_terms: D001946:Breech Presentation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006615:Hip / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*