title: Titin in insect spermatocyte spindle fibers associates with microtubules, actin, myosin and the matrix proteins skeletor, megator and chromator.
abstract: Titin, the giant elastic protein found in muscles, is present in spindles of crane-fly and locust spermatocytes as determined by immunofluorescence staining using three antibodies, each raised against a different, spatially separated fragment of Drosophila titin (D-titin). All three antibodies stained the Z-lines and other regions in insect myofibrils. In western blots of insect muscle extract the antibodies reacted with high molecular mass proteins, ranging between rat nebulin (600-900 kDa) and rat titin (3000-4000 kDa). Mass spectrometry of the high molecular mass band from the Coomassie-Blue-stained gel of insect muscle proteins indicates that the protein the antibodies bind to is titin. The pattern of staining in insect spermatocytes was slightly different in the two species, but in general all three anti-D-titin antibodies stained the same components: the chromosomes, prophase and telophase nuclear membranes, the spindle in general, along kinetochore and non-kinetochore microtubules, along apparent connections between partner half-bivalents during anaphase, and various cytoplasmic components, including the contractile ring. That the same cellular components are stained in close proximity by the three different antibodies, each against a different region of D-titin, is strong evidence that the three antibodies identify a titin-like protein in insect spindles, which we identified by mass spectrometry analysis as being titin. The spindle matrix proteins skeletor, megator and chromator are present in many of the same structures, in positions very close to (or the same as) D-titin. Myosin and actin also are present in spindles in close proximity to D-titin. The varying spatial arrangements of these proteins during the course of division suggest that they interact to form a spindle matrix with elastic properties provided by a titin-like protein.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Lacramioara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fabian
authors.forename: Xuequin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Deepa V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Venkitaramani
authors.forename: Kristen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: Deborah J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Andrew
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forer
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000378:metabolism*; D064211:Connectin; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D018386:Kinetochores / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009218:Myosins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009685:Nuclear Envelope / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D034521:Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011418:Prophase / Q000502:physiology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013090:Spermatocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013692:Telophase / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; C498868:Chro protein, Drosophila; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D064211:Connectin; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C498867:Mtor protein, Drosophila; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D034521:Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins; C419556:skeletor protein, Drosophila; D011494:Protein Kinases; D009218:Myosins