title: Predictors of remission of hyperprolactinaemia after long-term withdrawal of cabergoline therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Remission rates of 76, 69.5 and 64.3% have been reported in patients with nontumoural hyperprolactinaemia (NTH), microprolactinoma and macroprolactinoma, respectively, 2-5 years after cabergoline (CAB) withdrawal.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report the estimated recurrence rate at 24-96 months after CAB withdrawal and indicate predictors of disease remission.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational, analytical, prospective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 381 previously untreated de novo patients with hyperprolactinaemia, 221 (58%) (173 women, 48 men; 27 with NTH, 115 with micro-, and 79 with macroprolactinoma) were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using multiple regression analysis the diagnostic accuracy of nadir PRL levels (t = 7.6, P < 0.0001) and nadir maximal tumour diameter at CAB withdrawal (t = 3.9, P < 0.001) was analysed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The recurrence of hyperprolactinaemia was 25.9, 33.9 and 53.1% in patients with NTH, micro- or macroprolactinoma, respectively. To predict the last PRL level after withdrawal, the optimum cut-off of nadir PRL levels at withdrawal was 162 mU/l (5.4 microg/l) [sensitivity (95% CI) 76% (67-84%), specificity 65% (51-77%)] and that of nadir maximal tumour diameter was 3.1 mm [sensitivity 52% (41-63%), specificity 86% (79-91%)]. The patients achieving both nadir PRL levels </= 162 mU/l and maximal tumour diameter </= 3.1 mm (n = 111) at CAB withdrawal had a significantly lower Kaplan-Meier estimate of recurrence of hyperprolactinaemia (20%) at 24-96 months than those who did not fulfil any of these criteria [(n = 38) 90%; P < 0.0001]. Patients achieving nadir PRL levels </= 162 mU/l (n = 26) or maximal tumour diameter </= 3.1 mm during CAB treatment (n = 46) had an estimated recurrence rate of hyperprolactinaemia of 50 and 56%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Persistent remission of hyperprolactinaemia without any evidence of tumour re-growth after 24-96 months of CAB withdrawal occurred in the majority of patients with NTH and microprolactinoma and in about half of those with macroprolactinoma. Nadir PRL levels and maximal tumour diameter at CAB withdrawal of </= 162 mU/l and </= 3.1 mm predicted remission of hyperprolactinaemia in 80% of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, Section of Endocrinology, University 'Federico II' of Naples, Naples, Italy. colao@unina.it
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colao
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Sarno
authors.forename: Ermelinda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pivonello
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cappabianca
authors.forename: Ferdinando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caranci
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elefante
authors.forename: Luigi M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cavallo
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Briganti
authors.forename: Sossio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cirillo
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lombardi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000077465:Cabergoline; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004873:Ergolines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006966:Hyperprolactinemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015175:Prolactinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012074:Remission Induction; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D004873:Ergolines; D000077465:Cabergoline