title: Amniotic membrane transplantation for the management of corneal epithelial defects: an in vivo confocal microscopic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate amniotic membrane (AM) tissue morphology and corneal epithelial healing in human eyes after amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT), using laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty eyes of 20 patients, treated with single layer epithelial side up AMT for chemical burns in the acute stage (n = 8) and persistent corneal epithelial defect (n = 12) were studied by serial IVCM post-AMT until complete re-epithelisation. Changes in morphology of transplanted amniotic tissue and healing corneal epithelium were noted. AM and corneal epithelial cell density was calculated using image-analysis software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IVCM enabled visualisation of transplanted AM and of regenerating epithelial cells under the AM. The mean AM epithelial cell density, 1 day after transplant, was 4613 (SD 380) cells/mm2. The average AM epithelial thickness was 35 (4) microm, while the AM stromal thickness was 116 (31) microm. The amniotic stroma appeared to be composed of a superficial dense fibrous layer and a deeper loose reticular network of fibres. Amniotic epithelium was lost within 15 days of transplant, and complete re-epithelisation of the corneal surface was achieved between 1 and 4 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laser scanning IVCM is a useful method for evaluating AM tissue morphology, degradation and corneal epithelial healing after AMT for different clinical indications. When the amniotic membrane acts as a patch, that is epithelial cells migrate under rather than over the membrane, the membrane disintegrates and is lost.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Ageing Science, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy. m.nubile@unich.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nubile
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Dua
authors.forename: T Evb-M
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Lanzini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carpineto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciancaglini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Toto
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mastropasqua
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000650:Amnion / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D002057:Burns, Chemical / Q000601:surgery; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005126:Eye Burns / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing