title: Molecular mechanisms of microtubule-dependent kinetochore transport toward spindle poles.
abstract: In mitosis, kinetochores are initially captured by the lateral sides of single microtubules and are subsequently transported toward spindle poles. Mechanisms for kinetochore transport are not yet known. We present two mechanisms involved in microtubule-dependent poleward kinetochore transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. First, kinetochores slide along the microtubule lateral surface, which is mainly and probably exclusively driven by Kar3, a kinesin-14 family member that localizes at kinetochores. Second, kinetochores are tethered at the microtubule distal ends and pulled poleward as microtubules shrink (end-on pulling). Kinetochore sliding is often converted to end-on pulling, enabling more processive transport, but the opposite conversion is rare. The establishment of end-on pulling is partly hindered by Kar3, and its progression requires the Dam1 complex. We suggest that the Dam1 complexes, which probably encircle a single microtubule, can convert microtubule depolymerization into the poleward kinetochore-pulling force. Thus, microtubule-dependent poleward kinetochore transport is ensured by at least two distinct mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Kozo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Etsushi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Tomoyuki U
authors.initials: TU
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018386:Kinetochores / Q000378:metabolism*; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C116003:DAM1 protein, S cerevisiae; C063504:KAR3 protein, S cerevisiae; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins