title: Maximal bladder capacity is a positive predictor of response to desmopressin treatment in patients with MS and nocturia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of desmopressin therapy in the symptomatic treatment of nocturia in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and neurogenic detrusor overactivity, and to investigate the validity of maximal bladder capacity as a predictor of response to intranasal desmopressin inhalation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A set of 20 women with MS and neurogenic detrusor overactivity enrolled in a prospective pilot study and were divided into two groups: Group A, the large bladder capacity group (maximal bladder capacity >250 ml, compliance >20 ml/cm H(2)O, n=10) and Group B, the small bladder capacity group (maximal bladder capacity <250 ml, compliance <20 ml/cm H(2)O, n=10). Maximal bladder capacities were measured by urodynamic evaluation. The dosage selected for the study was based on the established dose of commercially available desmopressin nasal spray (20 mug before bedtime) and on clinical trial experience. All patients were monitored for arterial blood pressure before and after treatment and for weight increase for the first 5 days of treatment. Night time voiding diaries were maintained for the 6 weeks of the trial; similarly, serum electrolyte levels and urine osmolality were measured twice weekly during the trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean volume of nocturnal incontinence decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.005). The average number of episodes of nocturia per night in Group A decreased from 2.35 to 0.89 and in Group B from 2.31 to 1.65. The maximum hours of sleep uninterrupted by nocturia increased from 2.54 to 4.62 in Group A and from 2.45 to 3.23 in Group B. Side effects were infrequent; only 2 patients complained of transient headaches. Neither hyponatremia nor serum electrolyte abnormalities occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that desmopressin is effective in the symptomatic management of nocturia in patients with MS and neurogenic detrusor overactivity. Maximal bladder capacity is a valuable predictor of response to desmopressin.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, ELPIS Hospital, 3 Spyridi Street, Volos 38221, Greece. zahariou@otenet.gr
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zahariou
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karamouti
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karagiannis
authors.forename: Polyanthi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papaioannou
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D050034:Antidiuretic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D053158:Nocturia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D050034:Antidiuretic Agents; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin