title: X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis of titanium-implanted soft tissue.
abstract: Tissues contacting Ti dental implants were subjected to X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis to examine the chemical state of Ti transferred from the placed implant into the surrounding tissue. Nine tissues that contacted pure Ti cover screws for several months were excised in a second surgery whereby healing abutments were set. Six tissues that surrounded implants retrieved due to their failure were also excised. Ti distributions in the excised specimens were confirmed by X-ray scanning analytical microscopy (XSAM), and the specimens were subjected to fluorescence XAFS analysis to determine the chemical states of the low concentrations of Ti in the tissues surrounding Ti dental implants. Ti mostly existed in the metallic state and was considered to be debris derived from the abrasion of implant pieces during implant surgery. Oxidized forms of Ti, such as anatase and rutile, were also detected in a few specimens-and existed in either a pure state or mixed state with metallic Ti. It was concluded that the existence of Ti in the tissue did not cause implant failure. Moreover, the usefulness of XAFS for analysis of the chemical states of rarely contained elements in biological tissue was demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan. uo@den.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uo
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asakura
authors.forename: Atsuro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Kazuchika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Totsuka
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akasaka
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Watari
mesh_terms: D015921:Dental Implants; D006801:Humans; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis; D010519:Periodontium / Q000737:chemistry*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013455:Sulfur / Q000032:analysis; D014025:Titanium / Q000032:analysis*; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D013455:Sulfur; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium