title: Analysis of incidence and risk factors for progression in patients with intracranial steno-occlusive lesions by serial magnetic resonance angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Conventional angiography and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography have usually been used for serial observation of cerebral atherosclerotic diseases. This study used magnetic resonance (MR) angiography to monitor serial changes in steno-occlusive lesions of the major intracranial arteries to elucidate the incidence of progression and investigate the risk factors for progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 151 consecutive patients, 78 males and 73 females aged 42-92 years (mean 71.1+/-10.2 years), were followed up by serial MR angiography for 5-34 months (mean 14.4+/-5.78 months). Progression was defined as increased stenosis or occlusion, or new stenotic lesion. Age, sex, duration of MR angiography follow up, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, current smoking, and atrial fibrillation were chosen as risk factors for multiple logistic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three of the patients (15.2%) had progression, caused by total occlusion in 10, increased stenosis in 10, and new stenosis in 3, 15 patients had regression, and 113 patients had no change. Diabetes (odds ratio: 6.771, p value: 0.0004) and current smoking (odds ratio: 7.574, p value: 0.0019) were determined as significant risk factors for progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with intracranial steno-occlusive lesion and either diabetes or smoking habit should be carefully followed up by serial MR angiography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, 1-16-18 Sakaori, PET Center, Kofu Neurosurgical Hospital, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0805 Japan. nobu_miya@zero.ad.jp
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Zentaro
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yamagata
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors