title: Mortality and GH deficiency: a nationwide study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the mortality in Denmark in patients suffering from GH deficiency (GHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Mortality was analyzed in 1794 GHD patients and 8014 controls matched on age and gender. All records in GHD patients were studied and additional morbidity noted. Patients were divided into childhood onset (CO) and adult onset (AO), discriminated by an age cutoff below or above 18 years at onset of GHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on death were identified in national registries. Sex- and cause-specific mortalities were identified in CO and AO GHD when compared with controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mortality was increased in CO and AO GHD in both genders, when compared with controls. The hazard ratio (HR) for CO males was 8.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.5-15.1) and for females 9.4 (CI 4.6-19.4). For AO males, HR was 1.9 (CI 1.7-2.2) and for females 3.4 (CI 2.9-4.0). We found a significantly higher HR in AO females versus AO males, both compared with controls (P < 0.001). In AO, mortality was increased due to cancer in all subgroups, due to circulatory diseases in all age groups for females and for males in the oldest age group. For CO, the increased mortality was due to cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a significantly increased mortality in GHD patients when compared with controls, possibly due to their hypopituitary status. Mortality was increased in AO female patients when compared with males. For CO and AO GHD, different causes of significantly increased mortality were identified.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department M (Endocrinology and Diabetes), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Sygehus, NBG, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. stochholm@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Kirstine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stochholm
authors.forename: Claus Højbjerg
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Gravholt
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laursen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laurberg
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Lars Østergaard
authors.initials: LØ
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Feldt-Rasmussen
authors.forename: Jens Sandahl
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frydenberg
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D004393:Dwarfism, Pituitary / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D012727:Sex Characteristics