title: Cardioprotective effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist associated with bradykinin-endothelial nitric oxide synthase and oxidative stress in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The interactions between eNOS or oxidative stress and bradykinin under long-term treatment of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (ATRA) remain unknown. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the cardioprotective effect of ATRA, we evaluated whether valsartan affects the bradykinin-eNOS and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(P)H) oxidase pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  After 5 weeks of feeding an 8% NaCl diet to 6-week-old Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive (DS) rats, a distinct stage of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was noted. Six-week-old DS rats were treated with one of the following drug combinations for 5 weeks until the onset of LVH: vehicle; bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist FR172,357 alone; high-dose hydralazine; low-dose hydralazine; high-dose valsartan; low-dose valsartan; high and low-dose valsartan plus FR172,357. Age-matched Dahl salt-resistant rats fed the same diet served as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  eNOS expression and activity, which was decreased in hypertrophy, was increased by high or low-dose valsartan, but not by high and low-dose valsartan plus FR172,357 or FR172,357 alone or high and low-dose hydralazine. The increased expression of NAD(P)H oxidase p22phox, p47phox, p67phox, and gp91phox in DS rats was suppressed by high or low-dose valsartan, but not by high or low-dose valsartan plus FR172,357 or FR172,357 alone or high and low-dose hydralazine. Valsartan effectively inhibited vascular lesion formation and suppressed the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1, connective tissue growth factor, and type I collagen, but not valsartan plus FR172,357 or FR172,357 alone or high and low-dose hydralazine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that valsartan may have cardioprotective effects in this model, partly associated with the bradykinin-eNOS and oxidative stress pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hypertension and Cardiorenal Medicine, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293 Japan.
authors.forename: Kohtaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Naohiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
mesh_terms: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000502:physiology*; D065094:Bradykinin B2 Receptor Antagonists; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006830:Hydralazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D020303:Rats, Inbred Dahl; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D014633:Valine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000068756:Valsartan
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D065094:Bradykinin B2 Receptor Antagonists; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; C106745:FR 167344; D011725:Pyridines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013777:Tetrazoles; D006830:Hydralazine; D000068756:Valsartan; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D014633:Valine; D001920:Bradykinin