title: Decreasing incidence of symptomatic gastrointestinal ulcers and ulcer complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) frequently cause gastrointestinal (GI) ulcers and complications of ulcers. In 1997 in Amsterdam, the incidence of symptomatic GI events was 2.1% (95% CI 1.0-3.1) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We conducted a new prospective, observational study on the symptomatic GI events in our outpatient clinics, and compared the data to a previous study conducted by our group. Over the same time period, a decline of GI events over the last decade was reported for US patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2003, three questionnaires were sent to all RA patients in Amsterdam at 4-month intervals, addressing medication use, dyspepsia, and symptomatic GI events in the previous 4 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of GI events in high-risk patients, defined as age >or=60 and/or history of GI event) using NSAIDs or cyclo-oxygenase 2 specific inhibitors (COXIBs) was 1.2% (95% CI 0.2-2.3), which appears to be substantially lower than the 2.1% observed in 1997; however this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.3). In 64% (95% CI 61-68) of the high-risk patients, acid-suppressive drugs (ie, proton pump inhibitors, prostaglandin analogues or high dose H2 antagonists) were used. In 1997 this percentage was significantly lower at 49% (45-52; p<0.001). The compliance to the Dutch guidelines for prevention of NSAID-related gastropathy was almost 75%, with 64% of the patients using acid-suppressive drugs and 11% using COXIBs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study reveals a decline of NSAID-induced gastrointestinal events, which is similar to the results observed in the US. This is most likely due to a more strict adherence to guidelines for prevention of NSAID gastropathy, and better treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, VU University Medical Center, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. k.steen@vumc.nl
authors.forename: K S S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Steen
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nurmohamed
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Visman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heijerman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boers
authors.forename: B A C
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Dijkmans
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Lems
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014456:Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors