title: Chlorine sensitivity of feline calicivirus, a norovirus surrogate.
abstract: The sensitivity to free chlorine of feline calicivirus (FCV), a norovirus surrogate, was examined relative to chlorine demand. When a crude suspension of FCV was treated with a sodium hypochlorite solution containing 10 microg/ml free chlorine, the extent of the decrease of viral infectivity clearly depended on the volume of the reaction mixture. The apparent sensitivity of FCV to free chlorine increased with the reduction of host cell debris, indicating that chlorine demand must be minimized to know the true sensitivity of the virus. We therefore partially purified the viruses from the host cell components and found that the infectivity of FCV was reduced by more than log 4.6 by 5 min of treatment with 300 ng/ml free chlorine.
authors.affiliation: College of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences (NUPALS), 265-1 Higashijima, Niigata, Niigata 956-8603, Japan. urakami@nupals.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Urakami
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikarashi
authors.forename: Ko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Tamami
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikarashi
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: Yukifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Konagaya
authors.forename: Nobumasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017927:Calicivirus, Feline / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002415:Cats; D002460:Cell Line; D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D029322:Norovirus / Q000187:drug effects*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D002713:Chlorine; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite