title: Flow cytometric determination of PMCA-mediated Ca2+-extrusion in individual red blood cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Differences among red blood cells in the activity of the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) can impact cell signaling and survival. However, no method has been reported that measures this activity directly in individual cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have designed a novel assay for PMCA activity that uses the fluorescent Ca2+-reporter Fluo4 and flow cytometric analysis. The method recognizes the extrusion of Ca2+ from the cell after a short Ca2+-loading pulse, which avoids the problem of ATP depletion and ascertains activity at Vmax capacity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our assay is responsive to known PMCA inhibitors, and while not intended for quantitative kinetic analysis of Ca2+-pumping, it can be used to determine qualitative differences between red blood cell populations that vary in PMCA activity. Using this assay, we confirmed that a normal red blood cell population shows heterogeneity with respect to the PMCA Vmax.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report a novel assay of PMCA activity in red blood cells that can provide qualitative information on PMCA activity in individual cells.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA. kdejong@chori.org
authors.forename: Kitty
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Frans A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Kuypers
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D053499:Plasma Membrane Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053499:Plasma Membrane Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D002118:Calcium