title: Phosphodiesterase type 5 is highly expressed in the hypertrophied human right ventricle, and acute inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 5 improves contractility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sildenafil was recently approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The beneficial effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors in pulmonary arterial hypertension are thought to result from relatively selective vasodilatory and antiproliferative effects on the pulmonary vasculature and, on the basis of early data showing lack of significant PDE5 expression in the normal heart, are thought to spare the myocardium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied surgical specimens from 9 patients and show here for the first time that although PDE5 is not expressed in the myocardium of the normal human right ventricle (RV), mRNA and protein are markedly upregulated in hypertrophied RV (RVH) myocardium. PDE5 also is upregulated in rat RVH. PDE5 inhibition (with either MY-5445 or sildenafil) significantly increases contractility, measured in the perfused heart (modified Langendorff preparation) and isolated cardiomyocytes, in RVH but not normal RV. PDE5 inhibition leads to increases in both cGMP and cAMP in RVH but not normal RV. Protein kinase G activity is suppressed in RVH, explaining why the PDE5 inhibitor-induced increase in cGMP does not lead to inhibition of contractility. Rather, it leads to inhibition of the cGMP-sensitive PDE3, explaining the increase in cAMP and contractility. This is further supported by our findings that, in RVH protein kinase A, inhibition completely inhibits PDE5-induced inotropy, whereas protein kinase G inhibition does not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ability of PDE5 inhibitors to increase RV inotropy and to decrease RV afterload without significantly affecting systemic hemodynamics makes them ideal for the treatment of diseases affecting the RV, including pulmonary arterial hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Hypertension Program, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2B7.
authors.forename: Jayan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nagendran
authors.forename: Stephen L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.forename: Vikram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gurtu
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moudgil
authors.forename: Alois
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haromy
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: St Aubin
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: Ivan M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Rebeyka
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Light
authors.forename: Jason R B
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dyck
authors.forename: Evangelos D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Michelakis
mesh_terms: D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002675:Child, Preschool; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D017380:Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; C517381:PDE5A protein, human; C517384:Pde5a protein, rat