title: Continuous renal replacement therapy: a worldwide practice survey. The beginning and ending supportive therapy for the kidney (B.E.S.T. kidney) investigators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little information is available regarding current practice in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for the treatment of acute renal failure (ARF) and the possible clinical effect of practice variation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 54 intensive care units (ICUs) in 23 countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 1006 ICU patients treated with CRRT for ARF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Collection of demographic, clinical and outcome data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients except one were treated with venovenous circuits, most commonly as venovenous hemofiltration (52.8%). Approximately one-third received CRRT without anticoagulation (33.1%). Among patients who received anticoagulation, unfractionated heparin (UFH) was the most common choice (42.9%), followed by sodium citrate (9.9%), nafamostat mesilate (6.1%), and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH; 4.4%). Hypotension related to CRRT occurred in 19% of patients and arrhythmias in 4.3%. Bleeding complications occurred in 3.3% of patients. Treatment with LMWH was associated with a higher incidence of bleeding complications (11.4%) compared to UFH (2.3%, p = 0.0083) and citrate (2.0%, p = 0.029). The median dose of CRRT was 20.4 ml/kg/h. Only 11.7% of patients received a dose of > 35 ml/kg/h. Most (85.5%) survivors recovered to dialysis independence at hospital discharge. Hospital mortality was 63.8%. Multivariable analysis showed that no CRRT-related variables (mode, filter material, drug for anticoagulation, and prescribed dose) predicted hospital mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the notion that, worldwide, CRRT practice is quite variable and not aligned with best evidence.
authors.affiliation: Jikei University School of Medicine, Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigehiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uchino
authors.forename: Rinaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellomo
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morimatsu
authors.forename: Stanislao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morgera
authors.forename: Miet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schetz
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bouman
authors.forename: Ettiene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.forename: Noel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gibney
authors.forename: Ashita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tolwani
authors.forename: Heleen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oudemans-van Straaten
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ronco
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kellum
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology; D001550:Benzamidines; D002951:Citrates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006146:Guanidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000077559:Sodium Citrate
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D001550:Benzamidines; D002951:Citrates; D006146:Guanidines; D000077559:Sodium Citrate; D006493:Heparin; C032855:nafamostat