title: Development and validation of the Cozart DDS oral fluid collection device.
abstract: The testing of oral fluid for drugs of abuse has increased significantly over recent years and is now commonplace in drug rehabilitation clinics, the workplace, prisons and custody suites. The global problem of identifying drugged drivers has also led to an increase in oral fluid testing at the roadside. The main requirements for the implementation of roadside drug testing are a rapid sample collection time, collection of a known sample volume and recovery of drugs from the collection device. We report here the development of the Cozart DDS oral fluid collector, an oral fluid collector that combines rapid and adequate sample collection with satisfactory drug recovery. Oral fluid was collected from drug users (n=134) and drug-free individuals (n=137), using the Cozart DDS oral fluid collector. The mean time for the completion of collection (full coloration of the sample presence indicator) was 34 s for drug-free individuals and 44 s for drug users. The average volume collected was 0.34 mL (n=271). No chemical stimulant (to induce salivation) was used to achieve the collection times observed in either the drug-free or the drug-taking sample populations. Drugs were extracted from the collector using the Cozart DDS buffer and drug recovery was determined by Cozart enzyme immunoassays. The recovery studies showed that for amphetamine, Delta(9)THC, cocaine, methadone, methamphetamine, morphine and temazepam over 90% of the drug in the sample was eluted from the collector. The Cozart DDS oral fluid collector provides a reliable mechanism for the collection of oral fluid at the roadside that achieves the rapid collection times required.
authors.affiliation: Cozart Bioscience Ltd., Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. tspeedy@cozart.co.uk <tspeedy@cozart.co.uk>
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Speedy
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jowett
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallina
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jehanli
mesh_terms: D000662:Amphetamines / Q000032:analysis; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D003042:Cocaine / Q000032:analysis; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000032:analysis; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000032:analysis; D008691:Methadone / Q000032:analysis; D009020:Morphine / Q000032:analysis; D009294:Narcotics / Q000032:analysis; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013693:Temazepam / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D006213:Hallucinogens; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D009294:Narcotics; D009020:Morphine; D013759:Dronabinol; D013693:Temazepam; D003042:Cocaine; D008691:Methadone