title: Synergistic effects of adjuvants interferon-gamma and levamisole on DNA vaccination against infection with Newcastle disease virus.
abstract: Both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses are important to protect animals from initial acute viral infection and establishment of chronic infection. Adjuvants for DNA vaccines can influence the balance between humoral and cell-mediated immunities. In this study, a DNA vaccine encoding the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion genes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) incorporated with chicken interferon(provax-chIFN-gamma) cDNA as a molecular adjuvant and levamisole (LMS) as a chemical adjuvant was tested for its efficacy in protection against NDV lethal challenge. Compared with DNA vaccine alone, the DNA vaccine with provax-chIFN-gamma plus LMS induced significantly higher humoral and cell-mediated responses, as shown by higher levels of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers and T cell proliferation. In addition, the DNA vaccine with provax-chIFN-gamma plus LMS formulation increased the expression of IFN-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-12, and IL-13, suggesting that the effectiveness of the IFN-gamma and LMS formulation is partly due to the enhancement of balanced cytokine production. Furthermore, the two adjuvants yielded 80% protection in chickens against challenge with a lethal dose of the virulent NDV strain. This study demonstrates that the synergistic effects of provax-chIFN-gamma plus LMS as the adjuvants in NDV DNA vaccination could be used to improve protective efficacy in chickens.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource, and Application of MOA, College of Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jiangmei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Huali
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Fu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Qinghong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002645:Chickens; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D015707:HN Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology*; D007978:Levamisole / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019562:Viral Load; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016207:Cytokines; D015707:HN Protein; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D007978:Levamisole; D007371:Interferon-gamma