title: Surface conditioning methods and polishing techniques effect on surface roughness of a feldspar ceramic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of three surface conditioning methods on shear bond strength (SBS) and on surface roughness (Ra) of a feldspathic ceramic, and to compare the efficiency of three polishing techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 106 feldspathic specimens were used. Thirty specimens were divided into three groups according to the surface conditioning methods: air-particle abrasion (APA) with 25-microm aluminum trioxide (Al(2)O(3)) (group A); hydrofluoric acid (HFA) (group H); APA and HFA (group AH). Metal brackets were bonded and subjected to SBS testing. Sixty-three specimens were divided into three groups according to the surface conditioning method. Ra was evaluated profilometrically. Then, each group was divided into three subgroups according to the polishing technique, ie, adjustment kit, diamond polishing paste, adjustment kit + diamond polishing paste. Following polishing, the second Ra values were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lowest SBS was obtained for group H. This value was significantly different from the values of groups A and AH (P < .05). The lowest Ra value was observed for group H (P < .001). There was no significant difference between groups A and AH (P > .05). No significant differences between the subgroups in which a polishing paste was used were observed (P > .05). There was no significant difference between the adjustment kit and the adjustment kit + a diamond polishing paste (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  APA or APA + HFA created rougher porcelain surfaces than HFA alone. Both adjustment kit use and the adjustment kit + polishing paste application were effective to smooth the porcelain, but one was not found superior to the other.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Kurupelit, Samsun,Turkey. ssarac@omu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Y Sinasi
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Saraç
authors.forename: Selma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elekdag-Turk
authors.forename: Duygu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saraç
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Turk
mesh_terms: D020906:Air Abrasion, Dental; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D001840:Dental Bonding; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods*; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000379:methods*; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D011897:Random Allocation; D033081:Shear Strength; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D017680:Potassium Compounds; C483027:vitadur alpha; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C016447:feldspar