title: Invasive fungal infection in renal transplant recipients demonstrated by panfungal polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Invasive fungal infections following renal transplant are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. This study reports our experience using molecular assay to diagnose invasive fungal infections in renal graft recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty patients who had undergone renal transplant at the Organ Transplant Unit of Nemazi Hospital in Shiraz, Iran, between September 2004 and January 2006 were followed up for fungal infections for 6 months following transplant. Blood samples were cultured by bedside inoculation to BACTEC fungal medium. Whole blood specimens were collected prospectively once per week and were evaluated for any invasive fungal infections using panfungal polymerase chain reaction and polymerase chain reaction-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The female-to-male ratio was 44.2% to 55.8%, the mean age of the recipients was 34.7 years, and the mean length of hospitalization was 10.92 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity and specificity for proven and probable infections were 80% and 95.6%, respectively. Using panfungal polymerase chain reaction- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 4 recipients were diagnosed as having invasive fungal infections. The etiologic agents were C. albicans in 3 patients, and C. albicans and A. fumigatus in 1 patient. The mean interval of polymerase chain reaction-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay positivity in blood samples before clinical signs was 27 days (range, 7-60 days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polymerase chain reaction-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay may improve early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections; however, correlating the results of polymerase chain reaction-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with clinical outcomes in renal transplant recipients will require further evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. badieep@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Badiee
authors.forename: Parivash
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kordbacheh
authors.forename: Abdolvahab
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alborzi
authors.forename: Seyed Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Malekhoseini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000235:genetics; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005658:Fungi / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009181:Mycoses / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal