title: Local stimulation of alpha7 cholinergic receptors inhibits LPS-induced TNF-alpha release in the mouse lung.
abstract: The cholinergic nervous system can inhibit the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha from LPS-stimulated macrophages. Acetylcholine, the principal neurotransmitter of the vagus nerve, is the key mediator of this so-called cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, specifically interacting with alpha7 cholinergic receptors expressed by macrophages and other cell types to inhibit TNF-alpha production. The aim of the current study was to determine the capacity of the selective alpha7 cholinergic receptor agonist 3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene) anabaseine (GTS-21), administered locally into the airways, to inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory responses in the mouse lung in vivo. GTS-21 dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced TNF-alpha release by MH-S mouse alveolar macrophages in vitro. Intranasal inoculation with GTS-21 also dose-dependently inhibited TNF-alpha release into the lung compartment after intrapulmonary delivery of LPS in mice in vivo, whereas IL-6 concentrations were not affected. However, GTS-21 did not influence the influx of neutrophils into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid elicited by LPS and increased the concentrations of the neutrophil-attracting chemokines cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant and macrophage inflammatory protein 2. These data indicate that local administration of GTS-21 inhibits TNF-alpha release in the lung during LPS-induced inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. i.a.gieberlen@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Ida A J
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Giebelen
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: van Westerloo
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: LaRosa
authors.forename: Alex F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: de Vos
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van der Poll
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001597:Benzylidene Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
chemical_list: D001597:Benzylidene Compounds; C579166:Chrna7 protein, mouse; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D011725:Pyridines; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; C088936:3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine