title: Domestic violence against women attending gynecologic outpatient clinics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Violence against women and threat of violence are some of the main barriers to women's empowerment and equal participation in the society. However, they often go unnoticed and undocumented and therefore unresolved. For women, one of every five years of healthy life lost because of injury, disease, or premature death is attributable to violence. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of domestic violence in women attending three obstetric and gynecologic clinics in Tehran, and to determine the association between domestic violence and demographic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand women, 15-64 years old, attending three obstetric and gynecologic clinics affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey with self-administered questionnaire. The association between demographic factors (age, level of education, religious believes, annual income, job, husband's employment status, drug and alcohol abuse, previous custody of husbands) and domestic violence was assessed by questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five hundred and ninety out of the 1000 women had experienced at least one form of violence (physical, mental, not sexual) from their husbands, 196 women had experienced some forms of controlling behavior and mental violence, and 361 women had been physically threatened. Low level of education in women, nongovernmental job, previous custody, psychiatric disorders of men, and coercive marriage for women were associated with an increased risk of domestic violence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the high prevalence of domestic violence, health workers should not ignore the seriousness of domestic violence. Health and social personnel should be appropriately trained before "asking all cases" becomes a policy within health and social services.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. drnojomi@iums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Marzieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nojomi
authors.forename: Saideh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agaee
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eslami
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006176:Gynecology; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014932:Women's Health Services