title: Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula in children of women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to study the possible risk to mothers exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol for offspring with esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information on the mothers' in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol was obtained from 3 sources: questionnaires completed by members of the parents' association of children with esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula; records of patients with esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula from a hospital database; and files from the Northern Netherlands EUROCAT birth defects registry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three of 124 (2.4%) mothers from the parents' association and 6 of 192 (3.1%) mothers from the hospital cases reported in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol. For 8848 children registered by EUROCAT, 33 (0.37%) mothers reported in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol. Of 117 infants with esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula, 4 (3.4%) had a mother with in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol; this association was statistically significant (P = .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report a possible transgenerational effect of diethylstilbestrol exposure in the cause of some cases of esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Janine F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.forename: Régine P M
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Steegers-Theunissen
authors.forename: Hermien E K
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: de Walle
authors.forename: Annelies
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Klein
authors.forename: Claudine P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Torfs
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tibboel
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004933:Esophageal Atresia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014138:Tracheoesophageal Fistula / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol