title: In vitro metabolite identification of ML3403, a 4-pyridinylimidazole-type p38 MAP kinase inhibitor by LC-Qq-TOF-MS and LC-SPE-cryo-NMR/MS.
abstract: Prediction of the metabolic profile of a potential new drug is recommended at an early stage in industrial drug discovery process to determine whether or not any potentially reactive or toxic metabolites are formed. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro metabolism of ML3403 ({4- [5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-methylsulfanyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-pyridin-2-yl -(1-phenylethyl)-amine), a potent and selective p38 MAP kinase inhibitor using mouse liver microsomes. The combination of LC-ESI-Qq-TOF (tandem quadrupole time-of-flight)-MS (mass spectrometer) and LC-SPE (solid phase extraction)-cryo-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance)/MS at 600 MHz has been applied for comprehensive and straightforward structural elucidation of ML3403 metabolites. It was possible to determine the metabolic profile of ML3403, revealing eight different metabolites formed by N-desalkylation, S-mono- and di-oxidation, aliphatic hydroxylation and pyridine-N-oxidation. The ESI-Qq-TOF-MS data yielded elemental compositions of all metabolites and their fragments by evaluation of the accurate mass and isotopic pattern information using the sigma-fit algorithm. Evaluation of 2D NMR spectra obtained from pure ML3403 an its major metabolite ML3603 allowed the unequivocal assignment of the resonances in 1D NMR spectra obtained directly from the microsomal incubation by LC-SPE-cryo-NMR/MS. The presented method significantly decreases the time required for a complete structural assignment of metabolites from microsomal in vitro assays.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. Bernd.Kammerer@uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kammerer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Scheible
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zurek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Godejohann
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Zeller
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Gleiter
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laufer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: C522498:(4-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methylsulfanyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-(1-phenylethyl)amine; D007093:Imidazoles; D011725:Pyridines; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases