title: Shrinkage behaviour of flowable resin-composites related to conversion and filler-fraction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the shrinkage-strain, degree of conversion (DC) and percent filler of a range of flowable resin-composites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Several commercially available flowable resin-composites were selected. The bonded-disk technique was used to measure shrinkage-strain kinetics. Measurements were obtained continuously for 60min by irradiation for 40s at 750mW/cm(2) at two initial temperatures of 23 and 37 degrees C. Three repetitions (n=3) were made at each temperature per material. The DC was measured by FTIR spectroscopy immediately post-cure. The percent filler was determined by combustion of specimens for 1h at 400 degrees C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final values of shrinkage-strain ranged from 2.61 to 6.25% at 23 degrees C and from 3.88 to 6.56% at 37 degrees C. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were found in shrinkage-strain between the flowable resin-composites at both temperatures 23 and 37 degrees C. Significantly higher values were obtained at 37 degrees C (p<0.05). A strong inverse correlation was found between the percent filler and the shrinkage-strain at 37 and 23 degrees C (r(2)=0.94 and 0.87, respectively). No correlation was found between shrinkage-strain and DC (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flowable resin-composites vary widely in shrinkage-strain magnitude and the inverse relationship between filler percent and shrinkage-strain is explained by the corresponding decrease in volume fraction of monomers present to undergo polymerisation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Al-Baath, School of Dentistry, Hama, Syria. d_kusai@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Kusai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baroudi
authors.forename: Abeer M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Silikas
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Watts
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007700:Kinetics; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; C111840:flowable hybrid composite