title: Development of oxidative stress and cell damage in the liver of rats with water-immersion restraint stress.
abstract: We examined how oxidative stress and cell damage develop in the liver of rats subjected to water-immersion stress (WIRS). In rats subjected to WIRS for 1.5, 3 or 6 h, serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities increased time-dependently. In the liver tissue, vacuolization and apoptosis occurred at 1.5 h of WIRS and vacuolization further developed without further appearance of apoptosis at 3 h or 6 h. Serum lipid peroxide (LPO) and NOx (nitrite/nitrate) concentrations increased at 3 h of WIRS and these increases were enhanced at 6 h. In liver tissue, increases in LPO and NOx concentrations and myeloperoxidase activity and decreases in ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione concentrations and superoxide dismutase activity occurred at 3 h of WIRS and these changes were enhanced at 6 h, although vitamin E concentration and xanthine oxidase activity were unchanged. These results indicate that oxidative stress in the liver of rats with WIRS develops after the appearance of cell damage in the tissue, and suggests that oxidative stress is caused through disruption of the antioxidant defense system and increases in NO generation and neutrophil infiltration in the liver, which may contribute to the progression of cell damage in the tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: Masayo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism; D007101:Immersion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008110:Liver Extracts / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000502:physiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D008110:Liver Extracts; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase