title: Intrarenal cytokine and chemokine gene expression and kidney graft outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Proinflammatory cytokines are thought to play an important role in various kidney graft diseases resulting in interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy frequently found in case biopsies. To explore the role of various cytokines and chemokines in the long-term graft outcome, the transcription patterns of their genes in kidney allograft biopsies were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The real-time RT-PCR was used to identify intragraft mRNA expression of cytokines and chemokines in 74 kidney graft recipients and the results were correlated with histological and clinical parameters and long-term graft outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed up-regulated IL-10 (p < 0.001), TGF-beta1, IL-6, MCP-1, RANTES (p < 0.01) and TNF-alpha (p < 0.05) mRNA expression in patients with chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) as compared to controls. There were positive correlations between the mRNA expression of IL-6 (p < 0.001), IL-10 (p < 0.01), TNF-alpha, MCP-1 (p < 0.05) and the proteinuria. The up-regulation of intrarenal MCP-1 in patients with CAN increased the risk for the graft failure within the next 42 months (OR 5.1, p < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that proteinuria and higher intragraft expression of TGF-beta1 and MCP-1 predict a poor kidney graft outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression patterns of intrarenal proinflammatory genes might discriminate patients at a higher risk for the earlier allograft failure.
authors.affiliation: Transplant Laboratory, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hribova
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lacha
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kotsch
authors.forename: Hans-Dieter
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Volk
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brabcova
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skibova
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vitko
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Viklicky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines