title: Rutile and titanium particles differentially affect the production of osteoblastic local factors.
abstract: Titanium and its alloys are widely used as implant materials for dental and orthopaedic applications. To improve their wear and corrosion resistance, several surface modifications that give rise to an outer ceramic layer of rutile have been developed. It is expected that after a long period of functional loading, rutile debris will arise from these modified surfaces. We have compared the in vitro biocompatibility of subcytotoxic doses of rutile and titanium particles of phagocytosable size in primary cultures of human osteoblasts. Particles were visualized using a spectral confocal microscope by reflection. Both types of particles aggregated in the culture media and were efficiently internalized by osteoblasts as agglomerates. Treatment of isolated cultures of osteoblasts with rutile particles stimulated the release of IL-6, PGE2, and GM-CSF to a lesser extent than titanium. The influence of macrophages on the particle-induced stimulation of those local factors was analyzed by coculturing TPA-differentiated THP-1 cells with osteoblasts. Under these conditions, levels of IL-6 and PGE2 after treatment of cocultured osteoblasts with rutile particles were lower than after exposure to titanium. These results indicate that rutile debris shows a lower bioreactivity than titanium when tested in cultures of human osteoblasts and support the improved biocompatibility of titanium-based implants modified to create an outer layer of rutile on their surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vallés
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: González-Melendi
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Saldaña
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Munuera
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vilaboa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008422:Materials Testing; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008875:Middle Aged; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000494:pharmacology; D052638:Particulate Matter; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D052638:Particulate Matter; D053245:RANK Ligand; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human; C009495:titanium dioxide; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D014025:Titanium; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D015232:Dinoprostone