title: Comparison of terlipressin and noradrenalin on cerebral perfusion, intracranial pressure and cerebral extracellular concentrations of lactate and pyruvate in patients with acute liver failure in need of inotropic support.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Volume expansion and inotropic support with catecholamines are sometimes insufficient to ensure adequate blood pressure and cerebral perfusion in acute liver failure (ALF). The aim of this study was to determine if terlipressin increases cerebral perfusion, cerebral concentration of lactate and intracranial pressure (ICP), and to compare the effect with that of noradrenalin (NA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients (median age 42.5 yr; range 15-66; 5 women) who needed inotropic support and had an ICP and a cerebral microdialysis catheter placed had concomitant recording of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), cerebral perfusion (using transcranial Doppler sonography (V(mean))) and ICP. Also cerebral extracellular concentration of lactate ([lactate]ec) and pyruvate ([pyruvate]ec) was collected before and after an increase in the NA infusion rate and/or i.v.-injection of 1mg terlipressin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both NA and terlipressin increased CPP and V(mean) (p<0.01). Also ICP increased during NA infusion (p<0.01) but not after terlipressin. The cerebral [lactate]ec decreased after terlipressin injection from 2.34 (1.52-8.38) to 1.99 (0.03-4.83)mmol/l (p=0.027) but not during NA infusion (2.83 (1.53-7.11)mmol/l). The [lactate]ec to [pyruvate]ec ratio remained unchanged in both the NA group (20.7 (13.2-40.0)) and terlipressin group (22.2 (10.5-30.0)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that terlipressin increases CPP and cerebral perfusion with little influence upon ICP and cerebral [lactate]ec in ALF patients. These findings indicate that terlipressin may be valuable, as an additive treatment to NA infusion to secure brain viability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, A-2121, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eefsen
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dethloff
authors.forename: Hans-Jorgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Frederiksen
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hauerberg
authors.forename: Bent Adel
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Fin Stolze
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008236:Lypressin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000077585:Terlipressin; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008236:Lypressin; D000077585:Terlipressin; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D009638:Norepinephrine