title: Craniofacial cephalometric morphology in 6-year-old children with isolated cleft lip, isolated submucous cleft palate, and combined cleft lip and submucous cleft palate.
abstract: One hundred and twenty-one cleft children (67 with isolated cleft lip (CL), 32 with isolated submucous cleft palate (SMCP), and 22 with combined cleft lip and submucous cleft palate (CL + SMCP)) were compared retrospectively from lateral cephalograms taken at a mean age of 6.2 years (range 5.5-7.9). None of the children had had their palates repaired or been operated on to treat velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). The children with CL + SMCP and CL had similar morphology. They had greater maxillary length, greater maxillary and mandibular prominence, less vertical growth pattern, less deep nasopharyngeal airways, and thinner upper lips than those with isolated SMCP. After 6 years of age one patient with CL + SMCP, none with CL, and 16 with SMCP needed operations for VPI. This small series suggests that children with CL + SMCP and SMCP have different morphology. Although CL + SMCP is a combination of two types of clefts, it seems to be associated with similar morphology to CL.
authors.affiliation: Cleft Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. arja.heliovaara@mbnet.fi
authors.forename: Arja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heliövaara
authors.forename: Jorma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rautio
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology