title: Analysis of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables with ethyl acetate extraction using gas and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection.
abstract: A multiresidue method based on extraction with ethyl acetate has been used at the Swedish National Food Administration since 1989 to monitor pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables. The method has been continuously adjusted, resulting in simple and quick analyses of pesticide residues. To recover basic pesticides, the addition of an alkali is necessary. The addition of sodium hydrogen carbonate has been shown to recover all pesticides effectively without any degradation. The liquid chromatography (LC) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) technique has made it possible to analyse more polar pesticides and to replace many single methods. The latest development in the multiresidue method, comprising the use of gas chromatography (GC) with MS/MS, has further improved the analysis by replacing the conventional GC detectors. The need for cleanup has been reduced or eliminated entirely. Consequently, the method has been simplified in a way that makes it possible to recover all included analytes in many different matrices in one single extraction and to detect them either with GC-MS/MS or with LC-MS/MS.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Department, National Food Administration, P.O. Box 622, SE-751 26, Uppsala, Sweden. tuija.pihlstrom@slv.se
authors.forename: Tuija
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pihlström
authors.forename: Gun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blomkvist
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Friman
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pagard
authors.forename: Bengt-Göran
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Osterdahl
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D010573:Pesticide Residues; C007650:ethyl acetate