title: Effects of portion size on chronic energy intake.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study experimentally examined the effects of repeated exposure to different meal portion sizes on energy intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen employees of a county medical center were given free box lunches for two months, one month each of 1528 and 767 average kcal. Foods were identical in the two conditions, but differed in portion size. Meals averaged 44% calories from fat. Participants self-reported how much of each lunch was eaten. Unannounced 24-hour dietary recalls were also conducted by phone twice per week during each exposure period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean energy intake at the lunch meal was 332 kcal/day higher in large lunch than in small lunch periods (p < .001). Mean 24-hour energy intake was 278 kcal/day higher in large versus small lunch periods (p < .001). There was no evidence of compensation over time. Average weight change over the month of large and small lunches was 0.64 +/- 1.16 kg and 0.06 +/- 1.03 kg, respectively, about what would be expected with the observed differences in energy intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that chronic exposure to large portion size meals can result in sustained increases in energy intake and may contribute to body weight increases over time.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, MN 55454-1015, USA. jeffery@epi.umn.edu
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Jeffery
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rydell
authors.forename: Caroline L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Lisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Harnack
authors.forename: Allen S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Pentel
authors.forename: Judith E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.forename: Ericka M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Walsh