title: Effect of the Ca antagonist nilvadipine on stroke occurrence or recurrence and extension of asymptomatic cerebral infarction in hypertensive patients with or without history of stroke (PICA Study). 1. Design and results at enrollment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined the effect of a Ca antagonist (nilvadipine) on the occurrence or recurrence of symptomatic stroke in hypertensive patients with MRI-defined asymptomatic cerebral infarction (ACI), periventricular hyperintensity (PVH), and deep and subcortical white matter hyperintensity (DSWMH), with or without a history of stroke, and evaluated the effect of long-term treatment on the lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with hypertension and incidental ACI were divided into those with (group B, 235 patients) or without (group A, 181 patients) a history of symptomatic stroke, and were given nilvadipine 4-8 mg/day for 3 years. Primary evaluation points were occurrence of symptomatic ischemic stroke and development or extension of asymptomatic ischemic lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male sex, hyperuricemia, diabetes, maximum diameter of infarction and PVH severity were stronger risk factors for group B. Numbers of cerebral infarctions were 31 +/- 28 (group A) and 42 +/- 32 (group B) at enrollment (p < 0.001). Infarctions were larger and located more frequently on the internal capsule, putamen, thalamus and brainstem in group B. The severity of PVH and DSWMH paralleled the number of cerebral infarctions in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study design and status of asymptomatic ischemic brain lesions in hypertensive subjects at enrollment are presented.
authors.affiliation: Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Tachikawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. yshinoha@tachikawa-hosp.gr.jp
authors.forename: Yukito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tohgi
authors.forename: Shunsaku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Akiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terashi
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuuchi
authors.forename: Takenori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okudera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D007564:Japan; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; C035100:nilvadipine; D009543:Nifedipine