title: Plasma receptor for advanced glycation end-products predicts duration of ICU stay and mechanical ventilation in patients after lung transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary graft dysfunction, formerly termed reperfusion pulmonary edema, is the leading cause of short-term complications after lung transplantation. New evidence shows that alveolar type I epithelial cells play an active role in alveolar fluid transport and are therefore presumed to be critical in the absorption of pulmonary edema. We tested the potential relevance of a novel marker of alveolar type I cell injury, the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), to short-term outcomes of lung transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a prospective, observational cohort study of 20 patients undergoing single lung, bilateral lung or combined heart-lung transplantation. Plasma biomarkers were measured 4 hours after allograft reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher plasma RAGE levels were associated with a longer duration of mechanical ventilation and longer intensive care unit length of stay, in contrast to markers of alveolar type II cell injury, endothelial injury and acute inflammation. Specifically, for every doubling in plasma RAGE levels, the duration of mechanical ventilation increased on average by 26 hours, adjusting for ischemia time (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.4 to 44.7 hours, p = 0.01). Likewise, for every doubling of plasma RAGE levels, intensive care unit length of stay increased on average by 1.8 days, again adjusting for ischemia time (95% CI 0.13 to 3.45 days p = 0.04). In contrast, the clinical diagnosis of primary graft dysfunction was not as predictive of these short-term outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher levels of plasma RAGE measured shortly after reperfusion predicted poor short-term outcomes from lung transplantation. Elevated plasma RAGE levels may have both pathogenetic and prognostic value in patients after lung transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0130, USA. carolyn.calfee@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Carolyn S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Calfee
authors.forename: Marie M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Budev
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Matthay
authors.forename: Gwynne
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Church
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: Tokujiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Akitoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishizaka
authors.forename: Abigail
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.forename: Justin L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ranes
authors.forename: Malcom M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: deCamp
authors.forename: Alejandro C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Arroliga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007902:Length of Stay; D016014:Linear Models; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic