title: The effect of carbodiimide-derivatized hyaluronic acid and gelatin surface modification on peroneus longus tendon graft in a short-term canine model in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have recently reported that application of carbodiimide-derivatized hyaluronic acid and gelatin (cd-HA gelatin) to a peroneus longus tendon graft increased tendon graft gliding ability and decreased work of flexion compared with untreated grafts in a canine model in vivo. In this study, we investigated the effect of this modification on adhesions, stiffness, strength of the distal attachment, and fibroblast count.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 24 dogs were used for this study. The peroneus longus tendons of each hind leg were grafted into the 2nd and 5th digits of one forepaw in each dog. One peroneus longus tendon was treated with cd-HA gelatin prior to grafting, and the other one was immersed in 0.9% saline solution as a control. Animals were killed 1, 3, or 6 weeks postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The adhesion score of cd-HA gelatin-treated tendons was significantly less than that in the saline-treated tendons at all time points. There was no significant difference in the indentation stiffness between HA- and saline-treated grafts at any time point. For the ultimate force at the distal attachment, there was a significant difference among the time points, with a steady increase over time, but no significant difference between treated and control tendons at any time point. There was no significant difference in fibroblast count between treated and control tendons at any time point.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although gross adhesion formation was less, there was no significant difference in strength at the distal tendon-bone interface, cellularity, or tendon graft stiffness when comparing saline-treated and cd-HA gelatin-treated tendon grafts in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Chunfeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yu-Long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Zobitz
authors.forename: Kai-Nan
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Amadio
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D004285:Dogs; D005022:Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D005780:Gelatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023421:Models, Animal; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation*; D013718:Tensile Strength; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016378:Tissue Transplantation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D005780:Gelatin; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D005022:Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide