Impairment of alternative splice sites defining a novel gammaretroviral exon within gag modifies the oncogenic properties of Akv murine leukemia virus.
BACKGROUND
Mutations of an alternative splice donor site located within the gag region has previously been shown to broaden the pathogenic potential of the T-lymphomagenic gammaretrovirus Moloney murine leukemia virus, while the equivalent mutations in the erythroleukemia inducing Friend murine leukemia virus seem to have no influence on the disease-inducing potential of this virus. In the present study we investigate the splice pattern as well as the possible effects of mutating the alternative splice sites on the oncogenic properties of the B-lymphomagenic Akv murine leukemia virus.


RESULTS
By exon-trapping procedures we have identified a novel gammaretroviral exon, resulting from usage of alternative splice acceptor (SA') and splice donor (SD') sites located in the capsid region of gag of the B-cell lymphomagenic Akv murine leukemia virus. To analyze possible effects in vivo of this novel exon, three different alternative splice site mutant viruses, mutated in either the SA', in the SD', or in both sites, respectively, were constructed and injected into newborn inbred NMRI mice. Most of the infected mice (about 90%) developed hematopoietic neoplasms within 250 days, and histological examination of the tumors showed that the introduced synonymous gag mutations have a significant influence on the phenotype of the induced tumors, changing the distribution of the different types as well as generating tumors of additional specificities such as de novo diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and histiocytic sarcoma. Interestingly, a broader spectrum of diagnoses was made from the two single splice-site mutants than from as well the wild-type as the double splice-site mutant. Both single- and double-spliced transcripts are produced in vivo using the SA' and/or the SD' sites, but the mechanisms underlying the observed effects on oncogenesis remain to be clarified. Likewise, analyses of provirus integration sites in tumor tissues, which identified 111 novel RISs (retroviral integration sites) and 35 novel CISs (common integration sites), did not clearly point to specific target genes or pathways to be associated with specific tumor diagnoses or individual viral mutants.


CONCLUSIONS
We present here the first example of a doubly spliced transcript within the group of gammaretroviruses, and we show that mutation of the alternative splice sites that define this novel RNA product change the oncogenic potential of Akv murine leukemia virus.
Sørensen
Annette Balle
AB
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Denmark. abs@statsbiblioteket.dk
Lund
Anders H
AH
Kunder
Sandra
S
Quintanilla-Martinez
Leticia
L
Schmidt
Jörg
J
Wang
Bruce
B
Wabl
Matthias
M
Pedersen
Finn Skou
FS
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D019556:COS Cells; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D005091:Exons; D017988:Gammaretrovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D015750:Genes, gag; D015620:Histiocytic Disorders, Malignant / Q000821:virology; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000821:virology; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000821:virology*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008979:Moloney murine leukemia virus / Q000235:genetics*; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009857:Oncogenes; D022821:RNA Splice Sites / Q000235:genetics*; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000821:virology; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D016662:Virus Integration / Q000235:genetics
D022821:RNA Splice Sites