Norovirus-host interaction: implications for disease control and prevention.
Noroviruses (NVs) are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis epidemics in both developing and developed countries and affect people of all ages. Three main human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) - the ABO, Lewis and secretor families - are involved in NV recognition and eight strain-specific receptor-binding patterns in two major binding groups have been described. The receptor-binding interface is located at the outermost surface of the P domain of the viral capsid. Each interface contains two major binding sites and each site interacts with a carbohydrate side-chain of the HBGAs via multiple hydrogen bonds. Soluble HBGAs in human milk are able to block binding of NV to HBGA receptors, suggesting a potential decoy receptor for the protection of infants from NV infection. Phylogenetic analysis has revealed limited genetic relatedness among NVs with similar receptor-binding patterns. This review summarises and discusses recent advances and highlights implications for future studies in the control and prevention of NV gastroenteritis.
Tan
Ming
M
Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
Jiang
Xi
X
D001665:Binding Sites; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D029322:Norovirus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000378:metabolism
D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D011991:Receptors, Virus