title: Transpapillary intraductal ultrasound in the evaluation of dominant bile duct stenoses in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is associated with the development of cholangiocarcinoma (CC) in approximately 9% of patients. Neither cholangiography nor endoscopic tissue sampling can reliably distinguish between CC and benign dominant bile duct stenosis. The aim of the present study was to assess the value of intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) in distinguishing between benign and malignant dominant stenoses in PSC patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty PSC patients with dominant bile duct stenoses were studied prospectively. Transpapillary IDUS and endoscopic tissue sampling were performed in addition to endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). Cholangiography and IDUS findings were classified as malignant or benign by the investigators. Final diagnosis of malignant stenosis was based on positive histology and/or cytology, whereas a benign character was assumed in cases of negative tissue sampling and uneventful extended clinical follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight PSC patients (20%) had dominant bile duct stenoses caused by CC, whereas 32 out of 40 patients (80%) had benign dominant bile duct stenoses. IDUS was significantly superior to ERC for detection of malignancy in terms of sensitivity (87.5% versus 62.5%, p=0.05), specificity (90.6% versus 53.1%, p<0.001), accuracy (90% versus 55%, p<0.001), positive predictive value (70% versus 25%, p<0.001), and negative predictive value (96.7% versus 85%, p=0.049).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transpapillary IDUS significantly increases the ability to distinguish malignant from benign dominant bile duct stenoses in patients with PSC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: J J W
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Tischendorf
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Manns
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krüger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000150:complications*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods