title: Infiltration of blood outgrowth endothelial cells into tumor spheroids: role of matrix metalloproteinases and irradiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs), used as cellular vehicles for experimental cancer therapy, infiltrate tumors. Infiltration may determine their therapeutic efficacy. The role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in BOEC infiltration and its potential enhancement by irradiation were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infiltration of BOECs into spheroids made of tumor cells and fibroblasts was determined in the presence of low-dose EDTA, a potent inhibitor of MMPs. Expression and secretion of MMP-2 and -9 by these tumor cells and tumor-stromal cells were investigated with zymography and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infiltration of BOECs into spheroids was blocked by low-dose EDTA. Irradiation enhanced secretion of MMP-2 and, less so, of MMP-9 by tumor-stromal cells and tumor cells, and increased the amount of MMP-2 and -9 in subcutaneous LLC tumors. However, irradiation did not increase infiltration by BOECs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMPs are involved in the infiltration of BOECs into spheroids. Infiltration of BOECs is not increased by irradiation at the doses employed.
authors.affiliation: University Children's Hospital, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Jiwu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Shaoxia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Max Georg
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bachem
authors.forename: Klaus-Michael
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Debatin
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beltinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D051379:Mice; D019899:Paracrine Communication; D011827:Radiation; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular / Q000502:physiology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D004492:Edetic Acid; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9