title: Diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging for pediatric musculoskeletal disorders.
abstract: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a powerful tool that has recently been applied to evaluate several pediatric musculoskeletal disorders. DWI probes abnormalities of tissue structure by detecting microscopic changes in water mobility that develop when disease alters the organization of normal tissue. DWI provides tissue characterization at a cellular level beyond what is available with other imaging techniques, and can sometimes identify pathology before gross anatomic alterations manifest. These features of early detection and tissue characterization make DWI particularly appealing for probing diseases that affect the musculoskeletal system. This article focuses on the current and future applications of DWI in the musculoskeletal system, with particular attention paid to pediatric disorders. Although most of the applications are experimental, we have emphasized the current state of knowledge and the main research questions that need to be investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruppert
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jaramillo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D006801:Humans; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*