title: Rapidly retargetable approaches to de-identification in medical records.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper describes a successful approach to de-identification that was developed to participate in a recent AMIA-sponsored challenge evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our approach focused on rapid adaptation of existing toolkits for named entity recognition using two existing toolkits, Carafe and LingPipe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The "out of the box" Carafe system achieved a very good score (phrase F-measure of 0.9664) with only four hours of work to adapt it to the de-identification task. With further tuning, we were able to reduce the token-level error term by over 36% through task-specific feature engineering and the introduction of a lexicon, achieving a phrase F-measure of 0.9736.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We were able to achieve good performance on the de-identification task by the rapid retargeting of existing toolkits. For the Carafe system, we developed a method for tuning the balance of recall vs. precision, as well as a confidence score that correlated well with the measured F-score.
authors.affiliation: The MITRE Corporation, Bedford, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wellner
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huyck
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mardis
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aberdeen
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peshkin
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hitzeman
authors.forename: Lynette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hirschman
mesh_terms: D003219:Confidentiality; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D009323:Natural Language Processing