title: Association between betelnut chewing and chronic kidney disease in adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conduced to access the association between betelnut chewing and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 3,552 participants (1,418 men and 2,134 women) younger than 65 in this hospital-based cross-sectional study from 2003 to 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 198 (5.6%) participants were found to have CKD and 287 (8.1%) participants (268 male and 19 female) reported a history of betelnut use. The prevalence (9.4%) of CKD in betelnut users was significantly higher than that (5.2%) of participants without betelnut use (P = 0.003). In multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes, betelnut use and body mass index were independently associated with CKD (P = 0.026 and P = 0.038).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Betelnut use is associated with chronic kidney disease in adults younger than 65.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan.
authors.forename: I-Min
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Che-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Yu-Hsiung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Chiu-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wen-Yu
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Chuen-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001114:Areca / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013624:Taiwan