title: External influences and priority-setting for anti-cancer agents: a case study of media coverage in adjuvant trastuzumab for breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Setting priorities for the funding of new anti-cancer agents is becoming increasingly complex. The funding of adjuvant trastuzumab for breast cancer has brought this dilemma to the fore. In this paper we review external factors that may influence decision-making bodies and present a case study of media response in Ontario, Canada to adjuvant trastuzumab for breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive search of the databases of Canadian national and local newspapers and television was performed. Articles pertaining to trastuzumab in adjuvant breast cancer as well as 17 other anti-cancer drugs and indications were retrieved. The search period was from the date when individual trial results were announced to the date funding was made available in Ontario.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 2.6 months between the release of the trastuzumab results to funding approval in Ontario, we identified 51 episodes of media coverage. For the 17 other drugs/indications (7 breast and 10 non-breast), the median time to funding approval was 31 months (range 14-46). Other recent major advances in oncology such as adjuvant vinorelbine/cisplatin for resected NSCLC and docetaxel for advanced prostate cancer received considerably less media attention (17 media reports for each) than trastuzumab. The median number of media reports for breast cancer drugs was 4.5 compared to 2.5 for non-breast cancer drugs (p = 0.56).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Priority-setting for novel anti-cancer agents is a complex process that tries to ensure fair use of constrained resources to fund therapies with the best evidence of clinical benefit. However, this process is subject to external factors including the influence of media, patient advocates, politicians, and industry. The data in this case study serve to illustrate the significant involvement one (or all) of these external factors may play in the debate over priority-setting.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada. cbooth@ctg.queensu.ca <cbooth@ctg.queensu.ca>
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dranitsaris
authors.forename: M Corona
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gainford
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fralick
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fralick
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sue
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clemons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008402:Mass Media / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009864:Ontario; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000068878:Trastuzumab
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000068878:Trastuzumab