title: A multi-perspective approach for defining neighbourhood units in the context of a study on health inequalities in the Quebec City region.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identification of socioeconomic and health inequalities at the local scale is facilitated by using relevant small geographical sectors. Although these places are routinely defined according to administrative boundaries on the basis of statistical criteria, it is important to carefully consider the way they are circumscribed as they can create spatial analysis problems and produce misleading information. This article introduces a new approach to defining neighbourhood units which is based on the integration of elements stemming from the socioeconomic situation of the area, its history, and how it is perceived by local key actors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using this set of geographical units shows important socioeconomic and health disparities at the local scale. These disparities can be seen, for example, in a 16-year difference in disability-free life expectancy at birth, and a $10,000-difference in average personal income between close neighbourhoods. The geographical units also facilitate information transfer to local stakeholders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The context of this study has made it possible to explore several relevant methodological issues related to the definition of neighbourhood units. This multi-perspective approach allows the combination of many different elements such as physical structures, historical and administrative boundaries, material and social deprivation of the population, and sense of belonging. Results made sense to local stakeholders and helped them to raise important issues to improve future developments.
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche en aménagement et développement, Université Laval, Québec, Canada. alexandre.lebel@crad.ulaval.ca
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lebel
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pampalon
authors.forename: Paul Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Villeneuve
mesh_terms: D002391:Catchment Area, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006304:Health Status; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011792:Quebec; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000145:classification*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017062:Small-Area Analysis; D012923:Social Class; D012935:Social Justice; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors