title: Variation of the choline signal intensity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of rats exposed to the forced swimming test as detected by in vivo 1H MR spectroscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has documented an increased Cho/Cr ratio in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of this study was to investigate neurochemical alterations in the left DLPFC, considered a main area of pathogenesis in depression, using rats exposed to the forced swimming test (FST).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four male rats were used for the MRI and in vivo(1)H MRS studies. Rats exposed to the FST to induce a depressed mental status. Using in vivo(1)H MRS, the metabolite ratios of the rats with a depressed mental status and the controls, were measured and the values of the two groups were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA ratios in the DLPFC of the rats with a depressed mental status were significantly higher than that in the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates a significantly increased Cho/Cr ratio in the DLPFC of rats with depression compared with controls. This result may suggest an accelerated turnover of membrane without neuronal loss is occurring in the DLPFC of the rats with depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, #505 Banpo-Dong, Seocho-Gu, Seoul 137-040, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Tak
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Chi-Bong
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Cheongsoo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kwan Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Chaejoon
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.forename: Yang-Whan
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Bo-Young
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Choe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism*; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism; D003863:Depression / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001224:Aspartic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline