title: Ranolazine (Ranexa) for chronic stable angina.
abstract: (1) Ranolazine-- an adjunctive treatment to beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or long-acting nitrates-- is indicated for patients with chronic stable angina who have not responded to standard anti-anginal therapy. (2) In three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), ranolazine, in combination with standard anti-anginal medications, led to modest but statistically significant improvements in exercise duration, and reductions in the frequency of angina episodes and nitroglycerin consumption, when compared to standard anti-anginal medications only. The clinical significance of these improvements is unknown. Most of the participants in studies were male and Caucasian. Thus, there are questions about the drug's efficacy in other populations. (3) One RCT suggests that the addition of ranolazine to standard treatment is ineffective in reducing major cardiovascular events that are associated with acute coronary syndromes. (4) The adverse effects reported with ranolazine include dizziness, nausea, asthenia (weakness), constipation, and headache. Long-term data from one trial indicate that there is no significant increase in the incidence of death or arrhythmia among those taking ranolazine. More clinical trials of ranolazine are needed to confirm its long-term safety, its optimal dosing, its efficacy in combination with full dose beta-blockers with or without calcium channel blockers, and its potential role in the treatment of other cardiovascular conditions.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ndegwa
mesh_terms: D000083:Acetanilides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002170:Canada; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017277:Drug Approval; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D009566:Nitrates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000083:Acetanilides; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009566:Nitrates; D010879:Piperazines; D014665:Vasodilator Agents