title: The rate of glove perforations in orthopaedic procedures: single versus double gloving. A prospective study.
abstract: Glove perforation during surgery has always been a matter of concern as it increases the infection rate and the risk of transmission of blood borne diseases. To determine the common causes, the site and the awareness of glove perforations in orthopaedic surgery, a prospective study was conducted to assess the rate of glove perforation during 130 consecutive orthopaedic operations. All gloves worn by the surgical team were assessed after the surgery using the water-loading test. A total of 1452 gloves were tested, and the rate of perforation was 3.58%. Most of these perforations (61.5%) were unnoticed. The main surgeons had the most perforations (76.9%), followed by first assistants (13.5%) and second assistants (9.6%). Most perforations occurred at the non-dominant hand. The commonest site of perforation was the index finger followed by the thumb. Shearing force with instruments accounted for 45% of the noticed perforations. Majority of these occurred during nailing procedures (33%) and internal fixation without the use of wires (19%). Our rate of glove perforation is similar to other series. Most of them went unnoticed and were mainly due to shearing injuries rather than perforation by sharps. Therefore, there is an increased risk of contamination and break in asepsis during surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University Malaya Medical Center, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Oun
authors.forename: B H Se
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: To
mesh_terms: D004868:Equipment Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005932:Gloves, Surgical; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D017758:Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016602:Needlestick Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011446:Prospective Studies