title: [Ductal approaches in mammary diagnostics].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Information about new possibilities of early diagnostics in mammary lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gynecology-Obstetrics Clinic, 1st Medical Faculty and General Teaching Hospital, Prague.
  
  
  METHODS
  Most malignant tumors of the breast originate from ductal epithelium. A direct examination of the ductal system, could significantly improve diagnostics of breast cancer as well as its preinvasive stages (DCIS) and to influence mortality. The concept of ductal approaches includes several techniques and ductal lavage and duscoscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ductal approaches represent an attractive area for minimal load upon the patients. Specificity and sensitivity of these methods have some limits, which will be subject to change in relation to understanding of carcinogenesis and in a close relation to the knowledge of biomarkers, genomics and proteomics. Ductoscopy appears to be the ideal method for the future due to possibilities of direct visualization of epithelium in combination with biopsy and ductal lavage. It other advantages include minimal invasiveness, minimal risk and the origin of possible complications for the patient.
authors.affiliation: Gynekologicko-porodnická klinika 1. LF UK a VFN, Praha. d.pavlista@seznam.cz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pavlista
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tesarová
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janousek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strunová
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zikán
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sláma
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fischerová
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cibula
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003581:Cytodiagnosis; D005122:Exudates and Transudates / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*