title: Locally controlled inhibitory mechanisms are involved in eukaryotic GPCR-mediated chemosensing.
abstract: Gprotein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling mediates a balance of excitatory and inhibitory activities that regulate Dictyostelium chemosensing to cAMP. The molecular nature and kinetics of these inhibitors are unknown. We report that transient cAMP stimulations induce PIP3 responses without a refractory period, suggesting that GPCR-mediated inhibition accumulates and decays slowly. Moreover, exposure to cAMP gradients leads to asymmetric distribution of the inhibitory components. The gradients induce a stable accumulation of the PIP3 reporter PHCrac-GFP in the front of cells near the cAMP source. Rapid withdrawal of the gradient led to the reassociation of G protein subunits, and the return of the PIP3 phosphatase PTEN and PHCrac-GFP to their pre-stimulus distribution. Reapplication of cAMP stimulation produces a clear PHCrac-GFP translocation to the back but not to the front, indicating that a stronger inhibition is maintained in the front of a polarized cell. Our study demonstrates a novel spatiotemporal feature of currently unknown inhibitory mechanisms acting locally on the PI3K activation pathway.
authors.affiliation: Chemotaxis Signal Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
authors.forename: Xuehua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meier-Schellersheim
authors.forename: Jianshe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D004023:Dictyostelium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011485:Protein Binding; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled