title: Serum leptin and its relation to anthropometric measures of obesity in pre-diabetic Saudis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little information is available on leptin concentrations in individuals with IGT. This study aims to determine and correlate leptin levels to anthropometric measures of obesity in pre-diabetic, (IFG and IGT), type 2 diabetic and normoglycaemic Saudis.
  
  
  METHODS
  308 adult Saudis (healthy controls n = 80; pre-diabetes n = 86; Type 2 diabetes n = 142) participated. Anthropometric parameters were measured and fasting blood samples taken. Serum insulin was analysed, using a solid phase enzyme amplified sensitivity immunoassay and also leptin concentrations, using radio-immunoassay. The remaining blood parameters were determined using standard laboratory procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leptin levels of diabetic and pre-diabetic men were higher than in normoglycaemic men (12.4 [3.2-72] vs 3.9 [0.8-20.0] ng/mL, (median [interquartile range], p = 0.0001). In females, leptin levels were significantly higher in pre-diabetic subjects (14.09 [2.8-44.4] ng/mL) than in normoglycaemic subjects (10.2 [0.25-34.8] ng/mL) (p = 0.046). After adjustment for BMI and gender, hip circumference was associated with log leptin (p = 0.006 with R2 = 0.086) among all subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leptin is associated with measures of adiposity, hip circumference in particular, in the non-diabetic state among Saudi subjects. The higher leptin level among diabetics and pre-diabetics is not related to differences in anthropometric measures of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. aldaghri2000@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Nasser M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Al-Daghri
authors.forename: Omar S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Al-Attas
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al-Rubeaan
authors.forename: Mehad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohieldin
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Katari
authors.forename: Alan F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Sudhesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012529:Saudi Arabia
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin