title: Necrospermia, antisperm antibodies, and vasectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present a case of necrospermia and antisperm antibodies after vasectomy reversal and in which motile sperm, subsequently used in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment, was found after testicular sperm retrieval.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report and literature review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reproductive medicine unit based in a women's hospital in the United Kingdom.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 36-year-old man with secondary infertility who presented with necrospermia and antisperm antibodies after vasectomy reversal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Testicular sperm retrieval and IVF with ICSI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence of motile sperm in testicular sperm extraction biopsies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Motile sperm found after testicular sperm retrieval successfully fertilized oocytes in an ICSI cycle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It appears difficult to dissociate the presence of antisperm antibodies from the necrospermia in our patient. Testicular sperm retrieval appeared to partially overcome the effect of the antisperm antibodies by retrieving sperm before they reach seminal plasma, where they would be exposed to the antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Hewitt Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom. alejandro_bad@yahoo.it
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chavez-Badiola
authors.forename: Andrew John
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Drakeley
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Finney
authors.forename: Yasmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sajjad
authors.forename: David Iwan
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Lewis-Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011247:Pregnancy; D012661:Semen / Q000276:immunology; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013081:Sperm Motility; D053625:Sperm Retrieval; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014659:Vasectomy; D014669:Vasovasostomy
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies