title: Comparison of anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of tiletamine-zolazepam-butorphanol and tiletamine-zolazepam-butorphanol-medetomidine in dogs.
abstract: This study compared anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of tiletamine-zolazepam-butorphanol (TT), tiletamine-zolazepam-butorphanol-medetomidine (TTD), and tiletamine-zolazepam-butorphanol-medetomidine with atipamezole reversal 1 hour after TTD administration in dogs. All dogs received glycopyrrolate. All drug combinations effectively induced anesthesia within 5 minutes after IM injection. Duration of analgesia was 40 to 60 minutes. Recovery was smooth, but the overall quality of recovery was poorer in the TT group. Hypoxia occurred with some dogs in the TTD group at 5 minutes. TTD provided better analgesia with longer duration and better recovery quality compared with TT. Reversal of TTD with atipamezole was not effective in shortening recovery time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Jeff C H
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Payton
authors.forename: Ann B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitao
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haydon
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006024:Glycopyrrolate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D020926:Medetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D013992:Tiletamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015041:Zolazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D007093:Imidazoles; D009294:Narcotics; C050701:atipamezole; D014991:Xylazine; D013992:Tiletamine; D015041:Zolazepam; D020926:Medetomidine; D002077:Butorphanol; D006024:Glycopyrrolate