title: Cervical ultrasound (US) and US-guided lymph node biopsy as a routine procedure for staging of lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the value of routine ultrasound evaluation and US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of supraclavicular lymph nodes for the diagnosis, staging and treatment of patients with lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  300 consecutive patients with lung cancer were evaluated with high-resolution ultrasound for the presence of pathological lymph nodes (criteria: short-axis >or= 5 mm, rounded shape, missing echogenic hilum). Suspicious lymph nodes were biopsied under ultrasound guidance if the result could influence further patient management
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 41 of 257 NSCLC patients (16 %) and 15 of 43 (35 %) SCLC patients, enlarged lymph nodes were detected, in particular in patients with a CT stage N2 or N3 (NSCLC) or extensive disease (SCLC). 16 lymph node biopsies were positive for malignancy, 4 biopsies were negative for malignancy or not diagnostic. US had a higher sensitivity for the detection of pathological lymph nodes than CT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine ultrasound evaluation of supraclavicular lymph nodes reveals suspicious lymph nodes in a high number of patients with lung cancer. High-resolution US is superior to CT in the detection of pathological lymph nodes. Ultrasound-guided biopsy proves malignancy and thereby a N3 or M1 stage. Thus, more invasive and expensive diagnostic procedures can be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Röntgendiagnostik, Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Baumgartner Höhe, Otto Wagner Spital, Vienna.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Prosch
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Strasser
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sonka
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oschatz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mashaal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohn-Staudner
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Mostbeck
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods*; D002283:Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography