title: Enhanced iNOS gene expression in the steatotic rat liver after normothermic ischemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Impaired hepatic microcirculation in the steatotic liver has been identified as a considerable factor for increased vulnerability after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Changes in regulation and synthesis of vasoactive mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET-1), may result in functional impairment of postischemic sinusoidal perfusion. The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of I/R injury on postischemic gene expression of NO and ET-1 in steatotic livers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats with or without hepatic steatosis (induced by carbon tetrachloride treatment) were subjected to normothermic I/R injury. Steady-state mRNA levels were assessed using RT-PCR to study the expression of genes encoding ET-1, NO synthase (endothelial cell NO synthase and inducible NO synthase, iNOS). Immunohistochemistry was performed for detection of iNOS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  I/R injury was followed by increased iNOS gene expression (RT-PCR/immunohistochemistry) in animals with hepatic steatosis, predominately in hepatocytes with fatty degeneration. A mild increase in mRNA levels for ET-1 was found in steatotic rat livers. I/R induced a further increase in ET-1 gene expression in some but not all reperfused steatotic livers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We show an enhanced gene expression of iNOS in postischemic steatotic rat livers. Hepatocytes with fatty degeneration appear to be the major source for NO generation. Furthermore, I/R may also induce ET-1 gene expression. Dysregulation of sinusoidal perfusion by NO and ET-1 is therefore likely to contribute to I/R injury of the steatotic liver.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Klinikum Mannheim gGmbH, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Koeppel
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mihaljevic
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kraenzlin
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loehr
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jesenofsky
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Post
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression; D008297:Male; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II