title: Extubation force: tape versus endotracheal tube holders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tape is the standard method for securing endotracheal tubes to prevent extubation. This study examines the force required to extubate endotracheal tubes from cadavers with either tape or one of 4 commercially available endotracheal tube holders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Newly deceased, unembalmed cadavers were intubated with standard tracheal intubation techniques. The endotracheal tube was secured with either tape or one of 4 commercially available endotracheal tube holders. The endotracheal tube was then connected to a force-measuring device and pulled until the cuff was removed from the trachea. The largest force recorded on the device was then marked as the "extubation force" for that trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When tape was used to secure the endotracheal tube, it required a significantly larger force to extubate than 3 of 4 off-the-shelf endotracheal tube holders. Only the Thomas Tube Holder secured the endotracheal tube better than tape.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the Thomas Tube Holder had the greatest holding force in this study, tape was shown to be the least expensive and outperformed 3 other commercially available devices used to secure endotracheal tubes.
authors.affiliation: State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Emergency Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jestin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mayrose
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jehle
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D020878:Device Removal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D053832:Surgical Tape