title: Biologic effects of 3 Tesla (T) MR imaging comparing traditional 1.5 T and 0.6 T in 1023 consecutive outpatients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The recent use of high and ultra-high magnetic field (MF) systems (3.0 T and above) have raised concerns about biologic effects and safety. Sensory symptoms (magnetophosphenes, dizziness/vertigo, headaches, metallic taste, pain changes, and cognitive effects) have been reported. We monitored 1023 consecutive outpatients undergoing MRI after recent introduction of a 3 T MR unit in our community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study utilizing a pretest and posttest symptom rating scale (0-10) questionnaire presented to subjects undergoing MRI at three different facilities with five MRI machines, specifically a 3 T (Philips), three units with 1.5 T (GE, GE, Philips), and one 0.6 T (Fonar) unit to record symptoms before and after study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  147 subjects (14%) experienced either new (N= 69; 6.7%) or changes (N= 78; 8%) in symptoms. New onset symptoms occurred predominantly with 3 T and female preponderance (75%) [P= .002]. Vertigo/dizziness (N= 28, 5.6%) [P= .001], headache (N= 8), spine pain (N= 11) occurred more frequently on 3 T, whereas magnetophosphenes (N= 8) and metallic mouth symptoms (N= 4) occurred principally in 1.5 T. Seventy-eight subjects (8%) experienced pain symptoms upward arrow downward arrow with 75% occurring with 1.5 T. Females were 60%. Forty-three percent of individuals had brain MRIs. Symptoms of vertigo/dizziness, headaches, and magnetophosphenes were more commonly seen in individuals undergoing brain MRIs but other body sites were also represented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although no harmful effects were reported in 1023 cases, an unexpected high rate of 14% of individuals experienced sensory stimulation in both 3 T and 1.5 T units. Females appear to be more magnetically sensitive.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA. miwneuro@pol.net
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Cole
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires