title: Diabetes alters expression of p53 and c-myc in different stages of oral oncogenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The expression of tumour suppressor p53 and oncogene c-myc was investigated in an experimental model of chemically induced carcinogenesis in normal and diabetic (type I) Sprague-Dawley rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue sections ranging from normal mucosa to moderately differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma were studied using monoclonal antibodies against mutant p53 and c-myc proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From hyperplasia to later stages of oral oncogenesis, mutant p53 expression was at higher levels in diabetic rats in comparison to normal animals, although the pattern of expression was similar. In contrast, c-myc expression was significantly higher in diabetic than in normal rats only in normal mucosa and hyperplasia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems that diabetes contributed to increased accumulation of mutations in the p53 gene, contributing to increased proliferation of tumour cells during oral oncogenesis. Additionally, diabetes appeared to enhance c-myc expression only in the initial stages of oral oncogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Athens Medical School, Mikras Asias 75, Athens 115 27, Greece. lvairakt@med.uoa.gr
authors.forename: Eleftherios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vairaktaris
authors.forename: Giorgos
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kalokerinos
authors.forename: Lambros
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goutzanis
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spyridonidou
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vassiliou
authors.forename: Spyridoula
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Derka
authors.forename: Emeka
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nkenke
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yapijakis
authors.forename: Antonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vylliotis
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazaris
authors.forename: Efstratios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Patsouris
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C489427:MYC protein, human; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53