title: [Intra-oral and peri-oral piercing].
abstract: Oral Piercing is a practice that is gaining acceptance in the western world as a sign of individuality, marginality, decoration, or group membership. In a recent large-scale survey among Israeli young adults, more than half of the study population was not aware of any of the complications of oral piercing. Pain, bleeding, edema, inhalation, dental and gingival trauma, allergic reaction, contact lesions, impaired mastication, deglutition, and speech, are all potential complications of intra-oral and peri-oral piercing. Piercing can induce local as well as distant site infection and inflammation such as Ludwig's angina, endocarditis and cerebellar abscess. Moreover, Piercing is recognized as a potential vector of viral transmitting. Nevertheless, not all piercers have adequate knowledge in infection control techniques. With the increase number of patients with pierced intra and peri-oral sites, dentists should be prepared to address issues, such as potential damage to the teeth and gingival, and risk of oral infection that could arise as a result of Piercing, as well as provide appropriate guidance to patients contemplating body piercing that involve the oral sites. Since common knowledge is poor, patients should be educated regarding the dangers that may follow Piercing of the oral cavity.
authors.affiliation: Zrifin Central Dental Institute, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zadik
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Levin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D046288:Body Piercing / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005491:Focal Infection, Dental / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000150:complications; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000293:injuries; D014059:Tongue / Q000293:injuries; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000209:etiology