title: Time to pregnancy and secondary sex ratio in men exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol.
abstract: Little is known about the influence of prenatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure on time to pregnancy or secondary sex ratio in men. The authors evaluated these associations among men participating in the DES Combined Cohort Follow-up Study for whom exposure status was confirmed by medical record. In 2001, men provided data on their reproductive histories. Demographic, behavioral, and medical data were collected in 1994, 1997, and 2001. Cox's proportional hazards models with frailty were used to estimate fecundability ratios for time to pregnancy in relation to DES. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate odds ratios for fathering a male birth in relation to DES. Models included potential confounders and accounted for multiple pregnancies contributed by each man. Overall, DES was not associated with a delay in time to pregnancy (fecundability ratio = 0.95, 95% confidence interval: 0.86, 1.06). The odds ratio for fathering a male birth was 0.92 (95% confidence interval: 0.80, 1.04) comparing the exposed with the unexposed. In conclusion, prenatal DES exposure was not associated with a significant decrease in either fecundability or secondary sex ratio.
authors.affiliation: Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. lwise@bu.edu
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Titus-Ernstoff
authors.forename: Julie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.forename: Elizabeth E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Hatch
authors.forename: Kimberly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Strohsnitter
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Troisi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005837:Genitalia, Male / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D017584:Reproductive History; D012744:Sex Ratio; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol