title: Lipoteichoic acid may affect the pathogenesis of PBC-like bile duct damage and might be involved in systemic multifocal epithelial inflammations in chronic colitis-harboring TCRalpha-/-xAIM-/- mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic colitis-harboring TCRalpha(- / - ) x AIM(- / - ) mice showed PBC-like bile duct damage in the liver. Bacterial infection is one of the candidates for the pathogenesis of PBC. We demonstrated that the bacterial cell wall component lipotheicoic acid (LTA) was detected at sites of inflammation around damaged bile ducts in PBC patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathophysiology of the liver and other organs in TCRalpha(- / - ) x AIM(- / - ) mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen female TCRalpha(- / - ) x AIM(- / - ) mice were sacrificed at 24 weeks of age. The liver, stomach, small intestine, colon, pancreas, kidney and spleen were studied for pathological examination. Using anti-LTA antibody as the primary antibody, an immunohistochemical study was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the liver, LTA was mainly detected in the portal area with inflammation, and some of the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Inflammations were also observed in the stomach, intestine, pancreas and kidney. Throughout the gastrointestinal tract, from the stomach to the colon, LTA was detected in the epithelium at sites of inflammation. Furthermore, LTA was detected around both pancreatic ducts with inflammation and distal renal tubules with inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of inflammations in the liver as well as extensive organs, strongly suggests a close relationship between bile duct damage and systemic multifocal epithelial inflammations, perhaps involving bacterial LTA, in TCRalpha(- / - ) x AIM(- / - ) mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. haruta@ige.twmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Haruta
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Makio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiratori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003092:Colitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000032:analysis*; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D010179:Pancreas / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D013682:Teichoic Acids / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D013682:Teichoic Acids; C009900:lipoteichoic acid