title: Prevention of autoimmune gastritis in mice requires extra-thymic T-cell deletion and suppression by regulatory T cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Autoimmune gastritis is one of the most common autoimmune diseases and is caused by a CD4(+) T-cell response to the gastric H(+)/K(+) ATPase encoded by Atp4a and Atp4b (H(+)/K(+) ATPase). Here, we have elucidated events that result in immunological tolerance to the H(+)/K(+) ATPase and thus the prevention of autoimmune gastritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  T cells from H(+)/K(+) ATPase-deficient mice and H(+)/K(+) ATPase-specific T-cell receptor transgenic mice were purified and transferred to wild-type (WT) or H(+)/K(+) ATPase-deficient recipients to assess the impact of exposure to antigen on pathogenicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CD4(+) T-cell population from H(+)/K(+) ATPase-deficient mice was highly effective at inducing gastritis when compared with T cells from WT mice and, as a population, was comparatively resistant to the suppressive activity of regulatory T cells. Exposing T cells from H(+)/K(+) ATPase-deficient mice to H(+)/K(+) ATPase in WT mice decreased their ability to induce gastritis and resulted in a population that could be more easily suppressed by T(reg) cells. Transfer of clonotypic antigen-inexperienced H(+)/K(+) ATPase-specific T cells into WT mice resulted in extra-thymic clonal deletion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevention of autoimmune gastritis requires the extra-thymic purging of highly autoaggressive H(+)/K(+) ATPase-specific T cells to produce a T-cell repertoire that is more susceptible to the suppressive activity of regulatory T cells. Taken together with recent published data describing the role of T-cell receptor signalling in the maintenance of regulatory T-cell populations, we propose that exposure of T cells to antigen in the periphery is able to both delete autoaggressive specificities and maintain regulatory T-cell activity, establishing a balance between pathogenicity and regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Read
authors.forename: Thea V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: Tricia D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Zwar
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gleeson
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Van Driel
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005756:Gastritis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017506:H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000032:analysis; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010049:Ovarian Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D017506:H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase