title: Dopamine receptor antagonists reverse amphetamine-induced behavioral alteration on a differential reinforcement for low-rate (DRL) operant task in the rat.
abstract: Previous studies have shown that amphetamine significantly alters operant responding on the behavior maintained on a schedule of differential reinforcement of low-rate (DRL). As such, behavioral deficiency of DRL responding has been observed by the drug-induced increase of non-reinforced responses and a leftward shift of inter-response time (IRT) curve on DRL responding in the rat. However, the neurochemical basis for amphetamine-induced DRL behavioral alternations remain to be elucidated. The present study was then designed to examine whether the effects of amphetamine were dependent on dopamine-subtyped receptors, this was carried out by the co-administration of the selective D1 and D2 receptor antagonists, SCH23390 and raclopride respectively. Rats were first trained to perform on DRL 10-sec task and then divided into four groups, which received separate types of double injections before the behavioral session. The four groups were the saline control group, the amphetamine alone group, the dopamine antagonist alone group, and the combination of [corrected] amphetamine and dopamine antagonist group. The saline control group performed DRL responding in an efficient manner with a major index for the peak time of the IRT curve, which was fairly localized within the 10-sec bin throughout the test phase. The subjects injected with amphetamine (1 mg/kg) significantly shortened IRT that led to a leftward shift of IRT curve, which was further revealed by a decreased peak time without significant effectiveness on the peak rate and burst response. Even though the group given SCH23390 or raclopride alone showed profound disruption on DRL behavior by flattening the IRT curve, the co-administration of amphetamine with SCH23390 or raclopride reversed the aforementioned amphetamine-induced behavioral deficiency on DRL task. Together, these results suggest that the dopamine D1 and D2 receptors are involved and important to the temporal regulation of DRL response under psychostimulant drug treatment. Furthermore, this highlights the involvement of the brain dopamine systems in the temporal regulation of DRL behavior performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, National Cheng-Chi University Taipei 116, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Ruey-Kuang
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ruey-Ming
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D020891:Raclopride / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001552:Benzazepines; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D020891:Raclopride; D000661:Amphetamine