title: Orthodontic and periodontal outcomes of treated impacted maxillary canines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of pretreatment radiographic features (alpha-angle, d-distance, and s-sector) on (1) the duration of active orthodontic traction and (2) the posttreatment periodontal status (pocket depth [PD] and keratinized tissue width [KT]) of impacted maxillary canines treated by a combined surgical (flap approach) and orthodontic (direct traction to the center of the ridge) treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A study population of 168 patients (168 canines) was evaluated. Multiple regression analysis was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment radiographic variables were associated significantly with the duration of orthodontic traction. Age, sex, and site of impaction did not significantly affect the duration of traction. No significant differences in PD and KT were present at the end of surgical-orthodontic treatment with respect to any of the variables considered. The analysis of PD and KT variables after orthodontic treatment revealed a healthy periodontium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  alpha-angle, d-distance, and s-sector are valid indicators for the duration of orthodontic traction. They are not prognostic indicators of final periodontal status of orthodontically-repositioned canines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Universityof Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crescini
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nieri
authors.forename: Jacopo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buti
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baccetti
authors.forename: Giovan Paolo
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Pini Prato
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003481:Cuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D008875:Middle Aged; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D050793:Orthodontic Extrusion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D010519:Periodontium / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013997:Time Factors; D014095:Tooth, Impacted / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D014143:Traction; D016896:Treatment Outcome