title: Calculation of clothing insulation by serial and parallel methods: effects on clothing choice by IREQ and thermal responses in the cold.
abstract: Cold protective clothing was studied in 2 European Union projects. The objectives were (a) to examine different insulation calculation methods as measured on a manikin (serial or parallel), for the prediction of cold stress (IREQ); (b) to consider the effects of cold protective clothing on metabolic rate; (c) to evaluate the movement and wind correction of clothing insulation values. Tests were carried out on 8 subjects. The results showed the possibility of incorporating the effect of increases in metabolic rate values due to thick cold protective clothing into the IREQ model. Using the higher thermal insulation value from the serial method in the IREQ prediction, would lead to unacceptable cooling of the users. Thus, only the parallel insulation calculation method in EN 342:2004 should be used. The wind and motion correction equation (No. 2) gave realistic values for total resultant insulation; dynamic testing according to EN 342:2004 may be omitted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Kalev.Kuklane@design.lth.se
authors.forename: Kalev
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuklane
authors.forename: Chuansi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Ingvar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Holmér
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giedraityte
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bröde
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Candas
authors.forename: Emiel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: den Hartog
authors.forename: Harriet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meinander
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Havenith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods; D011481:Protective Clothing / Q000592:standards*; D013548:Sweden