title: Mechanism of hypotensive transients associated with abrupt bradycardias in conscious rabbits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transient bradycardic hypotensive events occur in resting rabbits. If the hypotension is due to vasodepression, these events may be a model for vasovagal syncope.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether these events are responses to brief stimuli and whether the hypotensive episodes are solely due to rapid-onset bradycardia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rabbits were instrumented with subcutaneous electrocardiogram leads, and cannulae were acutely inserted into an ear artery to obtain continuous arterial pressure measurements. Exposure to brief, low-level auditory stimuli at 5 kHz transiently increased the RR interval by approximately 70 ms and decreased mean arterial pressure by approximately 5 mmHg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These evoked bradycardic hypotensive events were almost identical to previously reported spontaneous bradycardic hypotensive events. Intra-aortic telemetric blood pressure monitoring was used to demonstrate that the evoked hypotension reflected prolonged diastole, rather than local ear arterial vasoconstriction. Furthermore, administration of the muscarinic blocker glycopyrrolate abolished not only bradycardia (RR interval 64+/-14 ms to 1+/-1 ms; P<0.0001), but also hypotension (--4.1+/-0.8 mmHg to --0.4+/-0.3 mmHg; P=0.0055). Finally, cardiac pacing abolished the inducible bradycardia (RR interval 51+/-10 ms to 2+/-1 ms; P=0.0006) and its associated hypotension (--4.1+/-0.7 mmHg to --1.2+/-0.3 mmHg; P=0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brief auditory stimuli evoked a transient bradycardia mediated by cardiac muscarinic receptors and consequent hypotension. This is not a model for vasovagal syncope.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Calgary, Alberta. sheldon@ucalgary.ca
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Sheldon
authors.forename: Christopher I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Henry J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Duff
authors.forename: Ela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thakore
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gillis
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Roach
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003971:Diastole; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008833:Microcirculation; D011817:Rabbits; D012307:Risk Factors; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology