title: [Sleep behavior in children with tic disorders--a polysomnographic study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Study objectives included the characterization of the sleep pattern in a large sample of children with chronic tic disorder (TD), as well if whether or not sleep changes and movement-related arousals are associated with tic severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sleep pattern of 25 children with a chronic tic disorder and who were unmedicated at the time of and during the study was investigated by means of polysomnography and compared to that of 22 healthy children matched for age, gender and intelligence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with a chronic tic disorder displayed a reduced quality of sleep, as well as an increased number of movement-related arousals during sleep compared to healthy controls. Children with TD exhibited more frequent movement-related arousals the more severe the tics were during the day. The number of short arousals associated with motor phenomena correlated with lower sleep efficiency, and longer sleep onset and slow-wave sleep (SWS) latency. Moreover, lower sleep efficiency and longer SWS latency in children with TD may determine the severity of the tics during the day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children with TD, motor activity during sleep seems to be related to the severity of the tics during the day. Impaired sleep in cases of TD might worsen the tic symptoms during the day.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychothera pie, Universität Göttingen.
authors.forename: Roumen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kirov
authors.forename: Veit
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Roessner
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uebel
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Banaschewski
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kinkelbur
authors.forename: Aribert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rothenberger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001143:Arousal; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography; D012016:Reference Values; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology