title: Dietary phytochemicals regulate whole-body CYP1A1 expression through an arylhydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-dependent system in gut.
abstract: Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is one of the most important detoxification enzymes due to its broad substrate specificity and wide distribution throughout the body. On the other hand, CYP1A1 can also produce highly carcinogenic intermediate metabolites through oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We describe what we believe to be a novel regulatory system for whole-body CYP1A1 expression by a factor originating in the gut. A mutant mouse was generated in which the arylhydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (Arnt) gene is disrupted predominantly in the gut epithelium. Surprisingly, CYP1A1 mRNA expression and enzymatic activities were markedly elevated in almost all non-gut tissues in this mouse line. The induction was even observed in early-stage embryos in pregnant mutant females. Interestingly, the upregulation was CYP1A1 selective and lost upon administration of a synthetic purified diet. Moreover, the increase was recovered by addition of the natural phytochemical indole-3-carbinol to the purified diet. These results suggest that an Arnt-dependent pathway in gut has an important role in regulation of the metabolism of dietary CYP1A1 inducers and whole-body CYP1A1 expression. This machinery might be involved in naturally occurring carcinogenic processes and/or other numerous biological responses mediated by CYP1A1 activity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Sunhee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D051784:Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry*; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: C497397:Arnt protein, mouse; C497443:Hif1a protein, mouse; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D051784:Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1