title: Prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking and the adolescent cerebral cortex.
abstract: Smoking during pregnancy is associated with long-term consequences on offspring behavior. We measured thickness of the cerebral cortex using magnetic resonance images obtained in 155 adolescents exposed in utero to maternal smoking and compared them with 159 non-exposed subjects matched by maternal education. Orbitofrontal, middle frontal, and parahippocampal cortices were thinner in exposed, as compared with non-exposed, individuals; these differences were more pronounced in female adolescents. In exposed females, the thickness of the orbitofrontal cortex correlated negatively with a self-rated assessment of caring, one of the components of a model of positive youth development. These findings provide evidence of the long-term impact of prenatal environment on a neural substrate of cognition and social behavior.
authors.affiliation: Brain and Body Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Toro
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Jacqueline V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perron
authors.forename: G Bruce
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Pike
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Richer
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Veillette
authors.forename: Zdenka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pausova
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000473:pathology*