title: Autonomic abnormalities in congestive heart failure patients with sleep-disordered breathing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The increasing prevalence of chronic heart failure is affecting patients' longevity, quality of life, and health resources, despite advances in management. Recognizing and treating comorbid illnesses is critical. Risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes are treated, but less importance is placed on the role of sleep apnea in heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is a discrepancy between the growing evidence on the potential adverse influence of sleep apnea on heart failure (and vice versa) and incorporating its treatment as part of the management strategy for chronic heart failure. Apneic episodes during sleep can lead to profound disturbances to the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review explores the impact of sleep disordered breathing in patients with chronic heart failure, focusing on the autonomic nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Concord RG Hospital and University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Austin Chin
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Chwan Ng
authors.forename: Saul Benedict
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: Andrew Paul
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sindone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D011379:Prognosis; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020182:Sleep Apnea, Central / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D009638:Norepinephrine