title: Head injuries due to landmines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Landmine explosions cause most of the war injuries in the battlefield and pose a substantial public health risk. Although the lower limbs are usually affected, head injuries also occur. The aim of this study is to describe the types of head injuries caused by the explosion of landmines and the management of the victims.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients who sustained a head injury due to a landmine explosion were treated in the Department of Neurosurgery between 2000 and 2006. The average age of the patients was 22.5 (range between 20 and 33). The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ranged between 3 and 15 and was 8 or less in 4. Shrapnel, stone and earth were the wounding agents. Four patients underwent neurosurgical treatment and 11, apart from simple scalp closure, had conservative treatment. Ten patients had associated lesions in the other parts of the body including thorax, upper and lower limbs, and the abdomen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients died. At the time of admission, one had a GCS score of 3 and the other a score of 4. Infection was observed among 4 patients and a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula in 1 patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Landmines occasionally cause head injuries. Surgical intervention is seldom required and survival is likely unless the patient is in deep coma. Multidisciplinary approaches are required in case there are associated lesions in the other parts of the body.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Secer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gonul
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D020202:Cerebral Hemorrhage, Traumatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D053834:Explosive Agents; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D053834:Explosive Agents