title: Delayed complications after placement of self-expanding stents in malignant esophageal obstruction: treatment strategies and survival rate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Placement of self-expanding metal stents is regarded as a safe and effective treatment in patients with incurable malignant esophagogastric obstruction. However, proceeding and possible benefit of re-interventions in patients with recurrent dysphagia due to delayed complications (>4 weeks after stent insertion) is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 133 patients with malignant stricture of the esophagus or the esophagogastric junction 164 expandable metal stents were placed. About 89 patients were followed up until death. All tumor- or stent-related complications and consequent re-interventions were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall incidence of delayed complications was 53.4% (71 of 133 pts.), with 34 patients (25.6%) experiencing more than one complication. Recurrent dysphagia due to tumor ingrowth (22%) or overgrowth (15%), bolus obstruction (21%), stent migration (9%), and development of esophagorespiratory fistula (9%) was successfully treated by dilatation (24%), placement of a second/third stent (27%), laser therapy (16%), and/or placement of a feeding tube (PEG, 19%). The median survival of patients with endoscopic therapy was significantly longer (222 +/- 26 days) compared to patients without re-intervention (86 +/- 14 days, P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delayed complications after metal stent placement for malignant esophageal stricture are common, but can be treated successfully by endoscopic re-intervention in most cases. Regular interventional therapy may also improve survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University Clinics of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Homann
authors.forename: Maria R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Noftz
authors.forename: Rolf D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Klingenberg-Noftz
authors.forename: Diether
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ludwig
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D004724:Endoscopy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors