title: Relative importance of amino acids, glycine-betaine and ectoine synthesis in the biocontrol agent Pantoea agglomerans CPA-2 in response to osmotic, acidic and heat stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this work was to determine the role of different compatible solutes in adaptation of Pantoea agglomerans CPA-2 at different stages of growth to solute (0.98, 0.97, 0.96 aw), heat (35 and 40 degrees C) and acidic (pH 4.0, 5.0, 6.0) stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Solute stress was imposed by using NaCl, glucose or glycerol, and pH was imposed with malic and citric acids. The accumulation of glycine-betaine, ectoine and amino acids in bacterial cells was quantified using high performance liquid chromathography (HPLC). There was a significant (P<0.05) accumulation of glycine-betaine (NaCl modified, 100-150 micromol g(-1) dry weight of cells) and ectoine (glucose modified media, >340 micromol g(-1) dry weight of cells) in the cells over a 48 h incubation period when compared with controls (<10 micromol g(-1) dry weight of cells). Chromatographic profile of amino acids was different with respect to control when NaCl or glucose was used as osmolyte.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pantoea agglomerans CPA-2 cells synthesised significant amounts of glycine-betaine and ectoine in response to imposed solute stress. However, these compounds and tested amino acids were not involved in cellular adaptation to either heat or pH stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This type of information can be effectively applied to improve ecophysiological quality of cells of bacterial biocontrol agents for better survival and biocontrol efficacy in the phyllosphere of plants.
authors.affiliation: Postharvest Unit, CeRTA, Centre UdL-IRTA, 191 Rovira Roure Avenue, 25198-Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. teresa.canamas@irta.es
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Cañamás
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Viñas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Usall
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Magan
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Morelló
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Teixidó
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000599:Amino Acids, Diamino / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001622:Betaine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005658:Fungi / Q000254:growth & development; D005998:Glycine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018869:Heat-Shock Response; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D020636:Pantoea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000599:Amino Acids, Diamino; D001622:Betaine; C045628:ectoine; D005998:Glycine