title: Classification of phenotype characteristics in adult-onset spinal muscular atrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Degenerative lower motor neuron diseases (LMND) encompass a group of rare clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders with the hallmark of anterior horn cell degeneration in the spinal cord and brainstem. In a recently proposed classification, LMND were subdivided according to the clinical disease pattern and time course. This study was performed to investigate the clinical practicability of the classification.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 22 patients with adult LMND (mean disease duration, 24 years), the disease course and detailed clinical, electrophysiological, magnetic resonance imaging, laboratory, and genetic investigations were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients could be assigned to the distinct disease subgroups, i.e. 11 patients to the slowly progressive generalized form (group 1), one to the distal form (group 2), 3 to the segmental distal form (group 3a), and seven to the segmental proximal form (group 3b).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed classification was confirmed to be a practicable tool, and additional implications for the classification of LMND could be drawn from the data in our patient sample.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Jürgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Gdynia
authors.forename: Anne-Dorte
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Sperfeld
authors.forename: Leonie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Flaith
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuehnlein
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Unrath
authors.forename: Albert C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ludolph
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kassubek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009134:Muscular Atrophy, Spinal / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000379:methods; D010641:Phenotype; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D055532:SMN Complex Proteins; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D055532:SMN Complex Proteins; C000606290:SOD1 protein, human; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1