title: Regulation of HTLV-1 Gag budding by Vps4A, Vps4B, and AIP1/Alix.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  HTLV-1 Gag protein is a matrix protein that contains the PTAP and PPPY sequences as L-domain motifs and which can be released from mammalian cells in the form of virus-like particles (VLPs). The cellular factors Tsg101 and Nedd4.1 interact with PTAP and PPPY, respectively, within the HTLV-1 Gag polyprotein. Tsg101 forms a complex with Vps28 and Vps37 (ESCRT-I complex) and plays an important role in the class E Vps pathway, which mediates protein sorting and invagination of vesicles into multivesicular bodies. Nedd4.1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that binds to the PPPY motif through its WW motif, but its function is still unknown. In the present study, to investigate the mechanism of HTLV-1 budding in detail, we analyzed HTLV-1 budding using dominant negative (DN) forms of the class E proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we report that DN forms of Vps4A, Vps4B, and AIP1 inhibit HTLV-1 budding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that HTLV-1 budding utilizes the MVB pathway and that these class E proteins may be targets for prevention of mother-to-infant vertical transmission of the virus.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Forensic Science, National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Japan. urata@nrips.go.jp
authors.forename: Shuzo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Urata
authors.forename: Hideyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokosawa
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yasuda
mesh_terms: D000074183:ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000502:physiology*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000378:metabolism*; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D015682:Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic / Q000378:metabolism*; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D054301:gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D015683:Gene Products, gag; C117020:PDCD6IP protein, human; D015682:Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; D054301:gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C060955:p19 protein, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases; D000074183:ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities; C490305:VPS4A protein, human; C490304:VPS4B protein, human