title: Haloperidol and clozapine differentially regulate signals upstream of glycogen synthase kinase 3 in the rat frontal cortex.
abstract: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) was recently suggested to be a potential target of psychotropics used in psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Relevant studies have found that antipsychotic drugs regulate GSK3 activity via an increase in either inhibitory serine phosphorylation or amount of GSK3 after acute or subchronic treatment. Recent evidence shows that GSK3 is regulated by dopaminergic or serotonergic systems implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment mechanisms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Therefore, antipsychotics may regulate GSK3 via antagonizing dopaminergic or serotonergic activity. However, the signaling pathway that is involved in GSK3 regulation by dopaminergic or serotonergic systems has not been well established. Haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic with potent dopamine D(2) receptor antagonism. Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic with potent serotonin 5HT(2) receptor antagonism. We injected rats with haloperidol or clozapine and examined the phosphorylation and amount of GSK3alpha/beta and its well-known upstream regulators Akt and Dvl in the rat frontal cortex by Western blotting. Both haloperidol and clozapine induced Ser21/9 phosphorylation of GSK3GSK3alpha/beta. Haloperidol increased the Ser473 phosphorylation of Akt transiently, whereas clozapine maintained the increase for 1 h. Haloperidol did not affect the phosphorylation and amount of Dvl, whereas clozapine increased both phosphorylation and the amount of Dvl. Our results suggest that GSK3 activity may be regulated by both typical and atypical antipsychotics and that Akt or Dvl, depending on the D(2)- or 5HT(2)- receptor antagonism properties of typical and atypical antipsychotics, mediate the regulation differently.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Myoung-Sun
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Myoung Suk
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Yeni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Se Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Won Je
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Yong Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Ung Gu
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Yong Sung
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Juhnn
authors.forename: Yong Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003024:Clozapine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D003024:Clozapine; D006220:Haloperidol