title: Complications of transsphenoidal surgery in patients with pituitary adenoma: experience at a single centre.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper reports the complications of transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas in a series of 1240 consecutive patients operated at our Institute between 1990 and 2004 (first operations) and indicate the clinical characteristics of patients which affected surgical morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to tumour type, there were 420 (33.9%) non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA), 349 (28.1%) GH-secreting, 288 (23.2%) ACTH-secreting, 155 (12.5%) prolactin (PRL)-secreting, and 28 (2.3%) TSH-secreting adenomas. The mean age of patients was 43.7 +/- 0.4 yr and 122 patients (9.9%) were 65 yr or older; the female/male ratio was 1.5/1. There were 370 (29.8%) microadenomas and 870 (70.2%) macroadenomas of which 54 (4.4%) were giant adenomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The series mortality was 0.2%, the medical morbidity 1.9%, and the surgical morbidity 3.5%. Medical complications were significantly more frequent in patients older than 65 yr (4.9 vs. 1.4%; p = 0.009) and in patients with giant adenomas (5.6 vs. 1.6%; p = 0.03). Multivariate analysis showed that both variables were independently associated with a higher morbidity rate. The surgical morbidity was increased in giant adenomas (15 vs. 3%; p = 0.0001), in NFPA (6.2 vs. 2.1% in secreting adenomas; p = 0.0002) and in patients older than 65 yr (6.6 vs. 3.1%; p = 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that only giant size was independently associated with an increased surgical morbidity rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our experience, the size of the adenoma was a risk factor for medical and surgery related complications and age over 65 yr for medical complications alone.
authors.affiliation: Pituitary Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy. barzaghi.linaraffaella@hsr.it
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Barzaghi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Losa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giovanelli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mortini
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000209:etiology; D003389:Cranial Nerve Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D020767:Intracranial Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000098:blood supply; D013100:Sphenoid Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology