title: Residual diplopia after repair of pure orbital blowout fracture: the importance of extraocular muscle injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of and possible risk factors for residual diplopia after surgical repair of pure blowout fracture (BOF) of the orbit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three patients with pure orbital BOFs who had preoperative symptomatic diplopia were investigated. In each patient, the relationship of residual diplopia and the following factors were analyzed: (1) timing of surgery, (2) presence of enophthalmos, (3) site of fracture, (4) type of fracture, (5) extraocular muscle swelling, and (6) surgical method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-five (87.3%) of 63 patients experienced improvement in diplopia and 8 (12.7%) patients had residual symptomatic diplopia after surgery. Of the six factors, only swelling of extraocular muscle on computed tomography (CT) scan was significant for the development of residual diplopia after surgery (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In pure BOF of the orbit, patients who have swelling of the extraocular muscles on CT scan are more likely to have residual postoperative diplopia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea. hrjin@paran.com
authors.forename: Hong-Ryul
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Hyun-Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Je-yeob
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yeon
authors.forename: Myung-Whan
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004172:Diplopia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D015841:Enophthalmos / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology*; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome