title: Estimation of physiologic ability and surgical stress (E-PASS) as a predictor of immediate outcome after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress (E-PASS) score was designed on the premise that the balance between the patient's physiologic reserve capacity and the surgical stress inflicted at operation was important in the occurrence of postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to assess its value in predicting mortality and morbidity after open elective abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  E-PASS data items were collected prospectively in a group of 204 patients undergoing elective open AAA repair over a 6-year period. The operative morbidity and mortality rates were compared with the preoperative risk score (PRS), surgical stress score (SSS) and comprehensive risk score (CRS) of E-PASS. The group comprised 180 (88%) males and the median age was 73 (range 44 to 86) years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 13 (6%) deaths and 121 (59%) experienced a postoperative complication. As the PRS, SSS and CRS increased, the incidence of postoperative morbidity and mortality significantly increased (P < .0001). Overall mean CRS was .52 (+/-.27). Mean CRS in the groups of patients who survived and died were .49 (+/-.24) and .98 (+/-26), respectively. PRS, SSS, and CRS all had extremely good predictive power for both mortality and morbidity as demonstrated by high areas under the receiver operator curve (range .799 to .953). CRS also showed a strong statistically significant association with the severity of postoperative complication (P < .0001) and length of hospital stay (P < .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The E-PASS model appears to be a promising method of predicting death and the development of postoperative complications in patients undergoing elective open AAA surgery. It requires further validation in arterial surgery at different geographical locations.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Unit, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Tjun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Stewart R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Fanshawe
authors.forename: Jonathan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Gillard
authors.forename: Umar
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sadat
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Varty
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gaunt
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Boyle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome