Brain-computer interface systems: progress and prospects.
Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems support communication through direct measures of neural activity without muscle activity. BCIs may provide the best and sometimes the only communication option for users disabled by the most severe neuromuscular disorders and may eventually become useful to less severely disabled and/or healthy individuals across a wide range of applications. This review discusses the structure and functions of BCI systems, clarifies terminology and addresses practical applications. Progress and opportunities in the field are also identified and explicated.
Allison
Brendan Z
BZ
IAT, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee NW1, N1151, 28359 Bremen, Germany. allison@iat.uni-bremen
Wolpaw
Elizabeth Winter
EW
Wolpaw
Jonathan R
JR
D015992:Body Mass Index; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003201:Computers; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual; D006801:Humans; D014584:User-Computer Interface