title: Human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) polymorphisms and urothelial cancer risk in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) polymorphisms are associated with urothelial cancer (UC) risk in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 600 study subjects (including 300 UC patients and 300 cancer-free controls) were recruited from September 1998 to December 2005. We analyzed the NQO1 and SULT1A1 polymorphisms by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. A comprehensive interview was conducted to collect information, including baseline characteristics and cigarette smoking status. We used an unconditional multivariate logistic regression to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a significantly increased UC risk in study subjects with the NQO1 C/T and T/T genotypes (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.03-2.1). A significantly increased UC risk was found in those with the SULT1A1 G/G genotype (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.3-3.2). Subjects who had ever smoked with either the NQO1 C/T and T/T genotypes or the SULT1A1 G/G genotype had significantly increased UC risks, showing ORs of 3.0 and 5.3, respectively. Subjects carrying both the NQO1 C/T and T/T genotypes and the SULT1A1 G/G genotype had a significantly increased UC risk (OR = 3.7; 95% CI, 1.4-9.7). Moreover, those who had ever smoked with both the NQO1 C/T and T/T genotypes and the SULT1A1 G/G genotype had the highest UC risk (OR = 8.6; 95% CI: 2.5-29.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that NQO1 and SULT1A1 polymorphisms are associated with the risk of UC, particularly among those who have ever smoked.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Topnotch Stroke Research Center, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuan-Hung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ying-Huei
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Po-Tsang
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Cheng-Huang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Hung-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chiou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015239:Arylsulfotransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); C447479:NQO1 protein, human; D015239:Arylsulfotransferase; C117544:SULT1A1 protein, human