title: Analysis of genital Candida albicans infection by rapid microsatellite markers genotyping.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection, often occurring in genital candidiasis, has increased dramatically recently. Developing an efficient C. albicans typing method may contribute to understanding its epidemiological characteristics and guiding efficient treatment. We used rapid microsatellite genotyping assay for interstrain differentiation of C. albicans isolates and explored some characteristics of its spread.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA was extracted from C. albicans isolates from gentalia, recta and mouths of 39 female cases and 27 male cases of genital candidiasis. Three fluorescent primers for the microsatellite markers in conserved genes (CDC3, EF3 and HIS3) of C. albicans were used to amplify the isolates DNA by PCR. Fluorescent signals were read with an automatic sequencer and analyzed with GeneScan software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of the three microsatellites markers showed 18 gene allelic associations in genital C. albicans infected patients: 10 allelic associations in female and 11 allelic associations in male, of which 3 allelic associations shared by both genders covered 71% of infections. The most dominant allele association of pathogenic strains for both genders was 116:124, 122:131, 160:200 that covered about 50% of infection. Gentalia and recta shared the same strains in 80% of female patients, but in only 3.8% of male patients. There were 2.7% female patients, but no males, with same strain in both gentalia and mouths. Five of seven genital C. albicans infected couples had the same allelic associations of which 4 were the dominant pathogenic C. albicans susceptible for both genders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The predominant allelic association of the pathogenic strain in genital C. albicans infection is 116:124, 122:131, 160:200. Vaginal pathogenic strains are probably maintained from the rectal reservoir. Pathogenic strains of male patients are probably from frequent sexual intercourse. The aggressiveness of some strains varies with gender.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China. shiweimin1234@medmail.com.cn
authors.forename: Wei-min
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Xing-yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Ke-ke
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.forename: Liang-liang
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Hai-hong
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Zhou-wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002181:Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D012007:Rectum / Q000382:microbiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014059:Tongue / Q000382:microbiology