title: Stigma and the acceptability of depression treatments among african americans and whites.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stigma is associated with depression treatment, however, whether stigma differs between depression treatment modalities is not known, nor have racial differences in depression treatment stigma been fully explored.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure stigma for four depression treatments and estimate its association with treatment acceptability for African Americans and whites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, anonymous mailed survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred and ninety African-American and white primary care patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The acceptability of four depression treatments (prescription medication, mental health counseling, herbal remedy, and spiritual counseling) was assessed using a vignette. Treatment-specific stigma was evaluated by asking whether participants would: (1) feel ashamed; (2) feel comfortable telling friends and family; (3) feel okay if people in their community knew; and (4) not want people at work to know about each depression treatment. Sociodemographics, depression history, and current depressive symptoms were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment-specific stigma was lower for herbal remedy than prescription medication or mental health counseling (p < .01). Whites had higher stigma than African Americans for all treatment modalities. In adjusted analyses, stigma relating to self [AOR 0.43 (0.20-0.95)] and friends and family [AOR 0.42 (0.21-0.88)] was associated with lower acceptability of mental health counseling. Stigma did not account for the lower acceptability of prescription medication among African Americans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment associated stigma significantly affects the acceptability of mental health counseling but not prescription medication. Efforts to improve depression treatment utilization might benefit from addressing concerns about stigma of mental health counseling.
authors.affiliation: Boston University Medical Center, Geriatrics Section, Boston, MA 02118-2393, USA. jane.givens@bmc.org
authors.forename: Jane L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Givens
authors.forename: Ira R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Scarlett
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bellamy
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents