title: Spectrum of ocular surface squamous neoplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the pattern of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN), clinical presentations, the risk factors and treatment options.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Khyber Institute of Ophthalmic Medical Sciences, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, from April 2003 till August 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 36 eyes of 35 patients with biopsy-proven ocular surface neoplasia. The details of patients regarding age, gender, laterality and risk factors were entered into a specially-designed proforma. Each patient was also assessed biomicroscopically for type and complications of ocular surface neoplasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of OSSN was 0.37 among admitted hospital patients. Among 36 cases of OSSN, squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva was the most common type of OSSN seen in 63.9%, followed by carcinoma in situ of conjunctiva in 25% and carcinoma in situ of cornea in 11.1%. Male patients outnumbered female (65.7% vs 34.3%) with 71.42% of patients above 60 years of age. The risk factors identified were: old age, ultraviolet B exposure and xeroderma pigmentosa. Treatment consisted of local resection with or without adjuvant therapy in 61.1%, exenteration in 30.5%, enucleation in 5.5% and chemo/radiotherapy in 2.7%. Intraocular invasion was seen in 5.5% and orbital spread in 30.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of OSSN was 0.37% among admitted patients. Identification of exact etiological factors will enable to formulate strategies that are likely to decrease the incidence of this disease and the associated morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Khyber Institute of Ophthalmic Medical Sciences, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. tariqbabar@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Tariq Farooq
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Babar
authors.forename: Mohammad Naeem
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Mahfooz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Shafaqat Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Mohammad Younas
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Mohammad Daud
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003230:Conjunctival Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology