title: Pre-pubertal di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure of young boars did not affect sperm in vitro penetration capacity of homologous oocytes post-puberty.
abstract: Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plastic softener used in polyvinylchloride (PVC) products (e.g., plastic bags and medical equipment), has been reported to have toxic effects on animal reproduction and is considered an environmental hazard based, mostly, on rodent studies. However, the doses used in these studies are often considerably higher than that presumed in human exposure. In the present study we used young boars as model animals to assess the effects of pre-pubertal DEHP exposure on the ability of spermatozoa to penetrate homologous oocytes in vitro. Eight pairs of cross-bred male boar siblings were used. One brother in each pair became, at random, the test animal exposed to DEHP per os, three times a week, from 3 to 7 weeks of age while the other acted as the control, i.e., placebo-exposed. Semen was collected and frozen between 8 and 9 months of age and stored until spermatozoa were evaluated for their ability to in vitro penetrate in vitro-matured homologous oocytes post-thaw. Both the penetration rate and the number of spermatozoa per oocyte were considered within expected ranges for frozen boar semen of good quality. Penetration rate did not significantly differ (p > 0.05) between the groups with DEHP-exposed: 50%; control: 59%, which could be owing to a large variation between boars, and between replicates. The number of spermatozoa in the ooplasm was low and similar (p > 0.05) between the groups with DEHP-exposed: 1.5 and the control: 1.7. Under the conditions of the present experiment, pre-pubertal exposure to DEHP does not seem to cause a deleterious effect on the in vitro fertilizing ability of frozen spermatozoa post-puberty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. linda.spjuth@kv.slu.se
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spjuth
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cuello
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Almiñana
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lundeheim
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Martínez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000187:drug effects / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000633:toxicity; D012741:Sexual Maturation; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions / Q000187:drug effects*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D010968:Plasticizers; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate