title: Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in children and adolescents.
abstract: Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is a recently identified clinical and radiologic entity. The characteristic radiologic findings are bilateral gray and white matter edema in the posterior regions of the cerebral hemispheres. This article reports clinical and radiologic findings in 10 consecutive episodes of posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome that were diagnosed in 9 children and adolescents. The causes were immunosuppressive therapy in 7 patients and a combination of renal failure and hypertension in 3. The most common presenting symptoms were seizure and altered consciousness; others included headache, sixth nerve palsy, and cortical blindness. Imaging demonstrated abnormalities in the parietal and occipital lobes in all 10 episodes. The signs and symptoms resolved after immunosuppressive agents were reduced or discontinued, or after uremia and hypertension were corrected. Four patients underwent follow-up cranial imaging, and the images showed nearly complete or complete resolution. The syndrome was clinically reversible in all patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (Divisions of Neurology), Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Füsun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alehan
authors.forename: Ilknur
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Erol
authors.forename: A Muhtesem
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Agildere
authors.forename: Figen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozcay
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baskin
authors.forename: Nurcan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cengiz
authors.forename: Bülent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alioglu
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haberal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001766:Blindness / Q000209:etiology; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000002:abnormalities*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000188:drug therapy; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000097:blood; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000188:drug therapy; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology; D013577:Syndrome; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals