title: Prevalence of multidrug resistant Salmonella in Coriander, mint, carrot, and radish in Bareilly and Kanpur, northern India.
abstract: We examined 974 samples (304 coriander, 212 mint, 258 carrot, and 200 radish) collected from vegetable vendors in two cities, Bareilly (n = 832) and Kanpur (n = 142), in northern India during the early summer season in 2004. Salmonella was isolated from 35 samples (9 coriander, 5 mint, 10 radish, and 11 carrot) while Escherichia coli was detected in 181 samples (67 coriander, 44 mint, 36 carrot, and 34 radish). None of the E. coli belonged to the O:157 serogroup. Five Salmonella isolates from samples collected at Kanpur (3 coriander and 2 mint) belonged to 4 different serovars of S. enterica ssp. enterica-S. Mons, S. Rottenest, S. Saintpaul, and S. Weltevreden. Thirty Salmonella isolates from samples collected at Bareilly (11 carrot, 10 radish, 6 coriander, and 3 mint) belonged to 7 serovars-S. Anatum, S. Bsilla, S. Newport, S. Saintpaul, S. Teko, S. Virchow, and S. Weltevreden. The majority (82.9%) of Salmonella isolates were multidrug resistant. One quarter of the isolates were resistant to >or=10 antibiotics. Based on antibiotic resistance patterns, 35 isolates could be classified into 23 resistotypes. None of the 35 isolates was resistant to streptomycin and ceftriaxone, while >80% were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, and kanamycin. Resistance to imipenem (>20%) and amikacin (>30%) was also common. The correlation between presence of Salmonella and E. coli on raw vegetables was not significant (p = 0.13).
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Salmonella Centre Veterinary, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India. brs1762@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Preetam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Sugandh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: Uvs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Teotia
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Shipra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Mudit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kant Agarwal
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D028526:Coriandrum / Q000382:microbiology; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000382:microbiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D027541:Mentha / Q000382:microbiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D031224:Raphanus / Q000382:microbiology; D012475:Salmonella / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents