title: Exercise-induced alterations in pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin F2alpha in horses.
abstract: Using an established standardized exercise test on a high-speed treadmill, thirteen Thoroughbred racehorses were exercised to fatigue (failure); blood samples were obtained before exercise, at failure, and at 2, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after exercise. The exercise test induced a systemic inflammatory response characterized by a mild transient endotoxemia, leukocytosis, increased leukocyte expression of mRNA for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1 beta, and IL-6, and increased circulating concentrations of TNF-alpha and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF 2 alpha), with the most pronounced changes being evident at failure and 2h after exercise. Expression of mRNA for IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta was increased by 120-fold, three-fold, and four-fold, respectively, when compared to pre-exercise values. Plasma concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1alpha and PGE2 did not change in response to the exercise test. Collectively, these findings indicate that brief, strenuous exercise induces endotoxemia and a systemic pro-inflammatory response in horses that persists for at least 2h.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.forename: Christie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Patrick T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Colahan
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hurley
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000097:blood*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood; D015870:Gene Expression; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004731:Endotoxins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015237:Dinoprost