title: Reduced-risk insecticides for control of grape berry moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and conservation of natural enemies.
abstract: A 3-yr field study was conducted at commercial grape (Vitis spp.) farms to evaluate insect management programs for control of the grape berry moth, Paralobesia viteana Clemens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and conservation of natural enemies. At each farm, one vineyard received only reduced-risk insecticides for control of second and third generation P. viteana, whereas the comparison vineyard received conventional insecticides. Both vineyards received a conventional insecticide application for control of first generation P. viteana and other insect pests. Monitoring with pheromone traps showed no differences between programs in the total number of adult male moths trapped in vineyards, and oviposition by P. viteana was similar between the two programs in all 3 yr. During weekly samples of crop infestation, both programs had a similar percentage of clusters infested by P. viteana larvae. Berries infested by P. viteana were collected from vineyard borders during the second and third P. viteana generations and held under controlled conditions. In eight of the nine berry samples, survival of larvae was significantly lower in berries collected from vineyards managed under the reduced-risk insecticide program compared with the conventional program. Parasitism of P. citeana larvae in these samples was not consistently different between the two insecticide programs over 3 yr, and similar captures of natural enemies were found on yellow sticky traps in the two programs throughout the study. Our results indicate that integrated pest management programs incorporating reduced-risk insecticides for control of P. viteana can obtain similar or greater control of P. viteana compared with programs based solely on conventional insecticides, but they may not lead to measurable long-term increases in parasitism of P. viteana.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. jenki132@msu.edu
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Rufus
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Isaacs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D005260:Female; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007313:Insecta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007306:Insecticides; D007814:Larva / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths / Q000502:physiology*; D010058:Oviposition; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D018570:Risk Assessment; D027843:Vitis / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides