title: [Modification of vascular risk factors by intervention on the primary care level. Results of the INVADE project].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The so-called INVADE project examines the efficacy of consistent diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular risk factors on the incidence of stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  This analysis compares known cardiovascular risk factors (elevated blood pressure, dipositas, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and smoking) and respective medication of 2930 patients with respect to cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and coronary heart disease (CHD) between baseline and follow-up examination after 2 years of intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the ankle-brachial index (ABI), 381 patients (13%) with asymptomatic PAD were identified. Comparison between baseline and follow-up examination revealed significant reductions in the following risk factors. Cerebrovascular disease: elevated blood pressure -12.8%, dipositas -4.2%, and LDL -8.1%. For PAD the results were: elevated blood pressure -7.2%, smoking -1.2%, elevated cholesterol -6.4%, dipositas -3.2%, and LDL -7.4%. For CHD the results were: elevated blood pressure -11.3%, elevated cholesterol -13.0%, and LDL -14.9%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By the use of ABI, previously undiagnosed asymptomatic PAD was identified in 13% of all patients. Two-year intervention on the primary care level yielded significant reduction of known vascular risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Neurologische Klinik TU München, Ismaningerstrasse 22, Munich, Germany. csh76@gmx.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schulze Horn
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ilg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bickel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Briesenick
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sander
mesh_terms: D015897:Comorbidity; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome