title: Generalized social anxiety disorder and avoidant personality disorder: structural analysis and treatment outcome.
abstract: There has been considerable controversy about whether generalized social phobia (GSP) and avoidant personality disorder (APD) are redundant diagnostic categories. In light of the ongoing controversy, more data are needed to help determine whether GSP and APD are independent constructs. Data were obtained from 335 people seeking treatment for GSP at a two site clinical trial. Indicators of GSP and APD were obtained along with assessments of demographic factors, level of functioning, and indicators of related psychopathology. Confirmatory factor analyses of indicators of GSP and APD suggested a somewhat better fit for a two-factor solution. Comparisons of GSP patients with and without APD suggested that in addition to having more severe social phobia symptoms, patients with APD were more depressed on a self-report measure and had more functional impairment, thereby suggesting potential utility of the diagnostic category of APD. Furthermore, the presence of APD predicted treatment response, in that patients with APD had more change early in treatment than those without APD. APD and GSP remain highly related constructs, and different aspects of these data support and dispute the utility of the diagnosis of APD in GSP. Possible new directions in conceptualizing APD are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA. huppertj@mscc.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Huppert
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Strunk
authors.forename: Deborah Roth
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Ledley
authors.forename: Jonathan R T
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Edna B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Foa
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D010555:Personality Inventory; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000379:methods*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D005473:Fluoxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors