title: The validation of a compression testing method for cancellous human jawbone by high-resolution finite element modeling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine a reliable compression testing method for cancellous jawbone specimens and to validate it by high-resolution finite element (FE) modeling based on microcomputerized tomography (microCT) images of the specimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three series of human femoral bone samples were tested to establish a compression protocol for human jawbone cores. A microCT scan of each bone sample was obtained. A simple destructive compression test was performed on the first series of 12 femoral bone samples (13 mm height and 6.1 mm diameter). The 5 femoral bone samples of the second series (13 mm height and 6.1 mm diameter) were constrained using end caps and subjected to 10 to 15 conditioning cycles before the destructive test from which the Young's modulus (Emeas) was determined. The third series of 5 smaller femoral samples (8 mm height and 5.5 mm diameter) and the series of 5 jaw bone samples (8 mm height and 5.7 mm diameter) underwent the same testing protocol. FE models were created based on the microCT images, and the simulated E-modulus (Ecalc) was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intraclass correlation between Emeas and Ecalc corresponded to 0.74 for the first series of femoral bone samples, 0.96 for the second series, and 0.51 for the third series. For the jawbone samples, the intraclass correlation coefficient equaled 0.88.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reliable results for compression testing of cancellous jawbone can be obtained with cylindric specimens with a diameter of 5.7 mm, a length:diameter ratio 1.4, and flat top and bottom surfaces. The recommended compression method is constrained compression with 10 to 15 conditioning cycles, followed by a destructive test.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry/BIOMAT Research Group, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium. ignace.naert@med.kuleuven.be
authors.forename: Nele
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stoppie
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Van Cleynenbreugel
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wevers
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vander Sloten
authors.forename: Ignace
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Naert
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004548:Elasticity; D005269:Femur / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007568:Jaw / Q000502:physiology*; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed