title: Toxicity of Chromobacterium subtsugae to southern green stink bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).
abstract: Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) beetles and southern green stink bugs, Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), are pests on corn, Zea mays L., and soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., as well as on cucurbits. Control of these insects has depended on chemicals. An alternative to chemical control is the use of biologicals. Use of bacteria, fungi, viruses, pheromones, and metabolites to control these insects can potentially improve resistance management and reduce pesticide use. Other than Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, few bacteria have been discovered that are lethal to either of these pests. Chromobacterium subtsugae Martin et al., a newly described bacterium that is known to be toxic to Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), larvae, was found to be toxic to both diabroticite adult beetles and southern green stink bug adults. In laboratory assays, toxins produced by these bacteria kill 80-100% of the adults of two species of diabroticite beetles, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber and Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, and 100% of southern green stink bug adults within 6 d. For green stink bug, live bacteria were not needed for toxicity.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Insect Biocontrol Laboratory and Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA. phyllis.martin@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Phyllis A W
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Edson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Aldrich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000633:toxicity; D002861:Chromobacterium / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D020062:Heteroptera / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D010572:Pest Control, Biological
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins