title: Quantitative comparison of tissue oxygen and motexafin lutetium uptake by ex vivo and noninvasive in vivo techniques in patients with intraperitoneal carcinomatosis.
abstract: Near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) has been used to noninvasively monitor optical properties during photodynamic therapy (PDT). This technique has been extensively validated in tissue phantoms; however, validation in patients has been limited. This pilot study compares blood oxygenation and photosensitizer tissue uptake measured by multiwavelength DRS with ex vivo assays of the hypoxia marker, 2-(2-nitroimida-zol-1[H]-yl)-N-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)acetamide (EF5), and the photosensitizer (motexafin lutetium, MLu) from tissues at the same tumor site of three tumors in two patients with intra-abdominal cancers. Similar in vivo and ex vivo measurements of MLu concentration are carried out in murine radiation-induced fibrosarcoma (RIF) tumors (n=9). The selection of optimal DRS wavelength range and source-detector separations is discussed and implemented, and the association between in vivo and ex vivo measurements is examined. The results demonstrate a negative correlation between blood oxygen saturation (StO(2)) and EF5 binding, consistent with published relationships between EF5 binding and electrode measured pO(2), and between electrode measured pO(2) and StO(2). A tight correspondence is observed between in vivo DRS and ex vivo measured MLu concentration in the RIF tumors; similar data are positively correlated in the human intraperitoneal tumors. These results further demonstrate the potential of in vivo DRS measurements in clinical PDT.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. hwwang2@ym.edu.tw
authors.forename: Hsing-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jarod C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Finlay
authors.forename: Kijoon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Timothy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Putt
authors.forename: Eli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Glatstein
authors.forename: Cameron J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Sydney M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Steve M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Theresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.forename: Arjun G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Yodh
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005354:Fibrosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008665:Metalloporphyrins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008954:Models, Biological; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008665:Metalloporphyrins; C102825:motexafin lutetium; D010100:Oxygen