title: A self-conditioner for resin-modified glass ionomers in bonding orthodontic brackets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a new self-etch conditioner used with resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGIs) in bonding orthodontic brackets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty human molars were cleaned, mounted, and randomly divided into three groups. In group 1 (control), 20 orthodontic brackets were bonded to teeth using Transbond Plus Self-etching Primer; in group 2, 20 brackets were bonded using an RMGI with a 10% polyacrylic acid conditioner. In group 3, 20 brackets were bonded using Fuji Ortho LC with a new no-rinse self-conditioner for RMGIs. The same bracket type was used on all groups. The teeth were debonded in shear mode using a universal testing machine, and the amount of residual adhesive remaining on each tooth was evaluated. Analysis of variance was used to compare the shear bond strength (SBS), and the chi(2) test was used to compare the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in the SBS (P = .556) between the groups. The mean SBS for Transbond Plus was 8.6 +/- 2.6 MPa, for Fuji Ortho LC using 10% polyacrylic acid 9.1 +/- 4.6 MPa, and for Fuji Ortho LC using GC Self-conditioner 9.9 +/- 4.1 MPa. The comparisons of the ARI scores between the three groups (chi(2) = 35.5) indicated that bracket failure mode was significantly different (P < .001), with more adhesive remaining on the teeth bonded using Transbond.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new self-etch conditioner can be used with an RMGI to successfully bond brackets. In addition, brackets bonded with Fuji Ortho LC resulted in less residual adhesive remaining on the teeth.
authors.affiliation: Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. karla-starckovich@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Samir E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bishara
authors.forename: Adam W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Ostby
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laffoon
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001840:Dental Bonding; D017005:Dental Debonding; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008963:Molar; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D019279:Resin Cements; D033081:Shear Strength
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; C522884:GC Self-conditioner; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D019279:Resin Cements; C429625:Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer; C006903:carbopol 940