title: Contraction pattern of the systemic right ventricle shift from longitudinal to circumferential shortening and absent global ventricular torsion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to characterize the contraction pattern of the systemic right ventricle (RV).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Reduced longitudinal function of the systemic RV compared with the normal RV has been interpreted as ventricular dysfunction. However, longitudinal shortening represents only one aspect of myocardial deformation, and changes in contraction in other dimensions have not previously been described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen Senning-operated patients age 18.4 +/- 0.9 years (mean +/- SD) with transposition of the great arteries were studied. We compared the contraction pattern of the systemic RV with findings in the RV and left ventricle (LV) of normal subjects (n = 14) using tissue Doppler imaging and magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the systemic RV free wall, circumferential strain exceeded longitudinal strain (-23.3 +/- 3.4% vs. -15.0 +/- 3.0%, p < 0.001) as was also the case in the normal LV (-25.7 +/- 3.1% vs. -16.5 +/- 1.7%, p < 0.001), opposite from the findings in the normal RV (-15.8 +/- 1.3% vs. -30.7 +/- 3.3%, p < 0.001). Strain in the interventricular septum did not differ from normal. Ventricular torsion was essentially absent in the systemic RV (0.3 +/- 1.8 degrees ), in contrast to a torsion of 16.7 +/- 4.8 degrees in the normal LV (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the systemic RV as in the normal LV, there was predominant circumferential over longitudinal free wall shortening, opposite from findings in the normal RV. This may represent an adaptive response to the systemic load. Noticeably, however, the systemic RV did not display torsion as found in the normal LV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, Oslo, Norway. eirik.pettersen@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Eirik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pettersen
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Helle-Valle
authors.forename: Thor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Edvardsen
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: Hans-Jørgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Bjarne
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Smevik
authors.forename: Otto A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Smiseth
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014102:Torsion Abnormality; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology*