title: Evaluation of cryo-injury of sperm chromatin according to computer controlled rate freezing method part 2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to determine the effect of the freeze-thawing procedure, computer controlled rate freezing and duration for six months, on human sperm chromatin (assessed by acridine orange test), vitality, motility, and morphology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty semen samples were obtained from patients attending the infertility unit. The semen analysis was measured according to WHO criteria. Sperm morphology was evaluated by strict Kruger criteria and sperm chromatin were detected by acridine orange test. After semen analysis, each sample was mixed with cryoprotectant and divided into straw. The straw was frozen with computer controlled rate freezing method After 6 months of cryostorage, semen samples were thawed and then the semen was analyed, and sperm chromatin and morphology were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After six months of cryostorage, the mean percentage of normal sperm chromatin decreased significantly (87.3 +/- 9.0 vs. 51.9 +/- 27.4, p < 0.001). Vitality, motility, and normal morphology of sperm decreased significantly (78.7 +/- 1.9 vs. 32.8 + 10.8, 52.6 + 1.9 vs. 24.1 +/- 10.9 and 21.4 +/- 4.3 vs. 18.0 +/- 4.4 respectively, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The computer controlled rate freezing of sperm for six months and thawing process significantly decreased normal sperm chromatin, vitality, motility, and normal morphology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
authors.forename: Surachai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dejarkom
authors.forename: Somboon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kunathikom
mesh_terms: D002843:Chromatin; D015925:Cryopreservation; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012661:Semen / Q000737:chemistry*; D012662:Semen Preservation; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa; D014021:Tissue Preservation
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents