title: Low-dose parenteral busulfan provides an extended window for the infusion of hematopoietic stem cells in murine hosts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Myeloablative total body irradiation (TBI) in the setting of autologous transplantation of genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is associated with substantial toxicity. Nonmyeloablative doses of TBI are less toxic, but result in low-level engraftment of genetically modified HSCs. As an alternative to TBI, escalating doses of parenteral busulfan were tested for their hematologic toxicity, their ability to promote donor leukocyte engraftment, and the time window for such engraftment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hematologic toxicity of busulfan was assessed in C57BL6 mice after single nonmyeloablative doses of intraperitoneal busulfan ranging from 1 to 40 mg/kg by serial complete blood counts monitored up to 40 days. The level of donor engraftment attainable after nonmyeloablative busulfan was determined by infusion of 20 million congenic murine bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNC) following 5 to 40 mg/kg of busulfan. To determine the effects of delayed HSC infusions, BMNCs were infused 1, 10, 15, and 20 days after a single dose of 10 mg/kg of busulfan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Busulfan doses from 1 to 40 mg/kg produced hematologic toxicity that was most pronounced in the 2nd to 3rd week. In transplantation experiments, dose-dependent donor leukocyte engraftment was attained with levels >70% after only 20 mg/kg of busulfan. Similar levels of engraftment were achieved even when infusion of BMNCs was delayed up to 20 days after busulfan injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonmyeloablative parenteral busulfan produced transient myelosuppressive effects, clinically relevant levels of engraftment, and an extended time window for HSC infusion in murine hosts.
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Langemeijer
authors.forename: Aisha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wynter
authors.forename: Oswald A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Phang
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Tisdale
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002066:Busulfan / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006085:Graft Survival; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010976:Platelet Count; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002066:Busulfan