title: The impact of a cation channel blocker (furosemide) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm architecture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if furosemide could have a role in inhibition of biofilm formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of 72-hour biofilms grown in the Calgary Biofilm Device (CBD) treated with furosemide and controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bacteria were treated with furosemide and controls to determine its antiplanktonic properties. PA01 biofilms were treated with serial 2-fold dilutions of furosemide and controls over a 48-hour period at pH concentrations of 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Furosemide had no effect on planktonic PA01. It had minimal effect at pH below 8.0. A pH of 8.0 and 9.0 reduced biofilms 25%. Furosemide 10 mg/mL reduced biofilms 50% at pH 8.0 and 9.0. It inhibited biofilms to < 30% at concentrations of 0.6 to 0.16 mg/mL at pH 8.0 and < 10% at concentrations of 1.25 to 0.3 mg/mL at pH 9.0.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Furosemide was found to be nonantiplanktonic, but does appear to destabilize preformed PA01 biofilms at pH-dependent concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9200, USA.
authors.forename: Jenny L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: Hassan H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ramadan
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005665:Furosemide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D005665:Furosemide