title: Effect of inhaled roflumilast on the prevention and resolution of allergen-induced late phase airflow obstruction in Brown Norway rats.
abstract: Orally active phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders (COPD) although their full development has been limited by adverse side effects. Administration of PDE4 inhibitors by inhalation may improve their therapeutic index, but limited information exists on the efficacy of inhaled PDE4 inhibitors to improve lung function. In this study in ovalbumin-sensitized Brown Norway rats, roflumilast was given either intratracheally or by nose-only inhalation and changes in lung function (forced vital capacity, FVC; peak expiratory flow, PEF) and inflammatory cell influx (total cells, eosinophils and neutrophils) into the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were evaluated 24 h after allergen challenge. Intratracheal roflumilast, given 5 h before antigen challenge, inhibited the antigen-induced reductions in FVC (ED50 = 140 microg/kg, i.t.) and total cells appearing in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (ED50 = 50 microg/kg, i.t.). By the nose-only inhalation route, roflumilast reduced the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid total cells (ED50 = 10 microg/kg, estimated pulmonary deposition). Intratracheal roflumilast (600 microg/kg, i.t.) was also given to rats 24 h after the antigen challenge and reversed the antigen-induced reductions of FVC by 38% at 1 h, 54% at 5 h and 71% by 16 h. Intratracheal roflumilast also reduced the number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and reduced the interstitial airway edema caused by the antigen challenge. These results support the development of inhaled PDE4 inhibitors for the treatment of asthma and COPD, particularly for the improvement of lung function.
authors.affiliation: Schering-Plough Research Institute, Pulmonary and Peripheral Neurobiology (M/S 1700), 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States.
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Aileen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: House
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: Chander
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Celly
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prelusky
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lamca
authors.forename: Jonathan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000631:Aminopyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001549:Benzamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D003521:Cyclopropanes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010047:Ovalbumin; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000631:Aminopyridines; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; C424423:Roflumilast; D010047:Ovalbumin; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4