title: Traffic safety in the U.S.: re-examining major opportunities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This article examines five major road-safety risk factors: exceeding posted speed limits, not using safety belts, driving while intoxicated, nighttime driving, and young drivers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The importance of each of these factors is documented, known effective countermeasures (both policy and technology based) are discussed, and impediments to the implementation of these countermeasures in the United States are examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on current understanding of the five major risk factors, and of the available countermeasures, there appear to be a variety of opportunities to make substantial gains in road safety using existing knowledge. The limited implementation of a variety of known countermeasures therefore appears to be inconsistent with high-level, strategic goals to improve road safety. Consequently, a recommendation is made to comprehensively re-examine the balance between the countermeasures discussed in this article and economic, mobility, and privacy concerns. IMPACT ON PUBLIC SAFETY: Such a re-examination is likely to result in broad support for these countermeasures, with a consequent major improvement in road safety.
authors.affiliation: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2150, USA. sivak@umich.edu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sivak
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luoma
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Flannagan
authors.forename: C Raymond
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Eby
authors.forename: Jean T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Shope
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006801:Humans; D017751:Safety Management / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D014481:United States