title: Ischemic stroke in patients with diabetic foot.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The diabetic foot syndrome is the most frequent cause of hospitalization of diabetic patients and one of the economically most demanding complications of diabetes. People with diabetes have been shown to have higher mortality than people without diabetes, but the cerebrovascular risk profile of these patients is not fully evaluated. The aim of our study was to evaluate the possible role of diabetic foot as a cerebrovascular risk marker in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 102 type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic foot and 123 diabetic patients without diabetic foot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences were found in the distribution of the main cardiovascular risk factors with exception of hypertension. We observed a higher prevalence of previous cerebrovascular events (transient ischemic attack, ischemic stroke) and of incidence of new onset cerebrovascular events at a 5-year follow-up. Regarding clinical subtype of ischemic stroke classified according to Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification on a retrospective and prospective basis, we observed a higher prevalence of both the lacunar and large artery atherosclerosis subtype with a slight higher prevalence of lacunar subtype in patients with diabetic foot.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show a worse cerebrovascular risk profile in diabetic patients with diabetic foot than in diabetic subjects without foot ulceration with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and of anamnestic cerebrovascular events and incidence of new cerebrovascular events at a 5-year follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine P Giaccone Polyclinic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. pinto@neomedia.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tuttolomondo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Di Raimondo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: La Placa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Sciacca
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Gati
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raffa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Licata
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors