title: Evidence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of nestin-positive neural progenitors in archival pediatric brain tissue.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) central nervous system (CNS) infection in children is associated with impaired brain growth and neurodevelopmental delays. Neural progenitors are critical for neurogenesis. Human multipotential neural progenitors grown in culture are permissive for HIV-1 infection, but it is not known if infection of these cells occurs in vivo. Brain tissue from pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients was examined for evidence of HIV-1 infection of nestin-positive neural progenitors by in situ hybridization; or after laser microdissection harvest, DNA extraction, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HIV-1 or viral DNA was identified in nestin-positive cells in four of seven HIV-1-infected children, suggesting in vivo infection of neural progenitors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1296, USA. schwartl@ninds.nih.gov
authors.forename: Lynnae
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Civitello
authors.forename: Anastasie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dunn-Pirio
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ryschkewitsch
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: Winston
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cavert
authors.forename: Nikilyn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kinzel
authors.forename: Diane M P
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Rohan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hazra
authors.forename: Eugene O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Major
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000473:pathology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007223:Infant; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D042282:Microdissection; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D064231:Nestin; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; C577484:NES protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D064231:Nestin