title: Intracystic hemorrhage in a mediastinal cystic adenoma causing parathyrotoxic crisis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We report a case of intracystic hemorrhage in a mediastinal cystic parathyroid adenoma causing parathyrotoxic crisis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 30-year-old man presented with a large neck mass, dyspnea, and abdominal pain. The patient's serum calcium and parathormone levels were elevated. Radiography showed a right tracheal deviation, ultrasonography identified a thyroid nodular goiter extending to the mediastinum with a large (4.0 cm x 5.6 cm) cystic mass adjacent to the lower left thyroid pole. After IV fluid, pamidronate, and furosemide were administered, the patient underwent total thyroidectomy, and excision of the cyst and a small mass (2 cm x 2 cm) adjacent to the upper right thyroid lobe. Histopathologic examination revealed a double parathyroid adenoma and identified the mediastinal lesion as a cystic adenoma with intracystic hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intracystic hemorrhage in a functional mediastinal cystic parathyroid adenoma is an extremely rare cause of parathyrotoxic crisis. Aggressive medical treatment should be immediately instituted, and surgery should be performed as soon as hypercalcemia is controlled.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrine Surgery, First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manouras
authors.forename: Konstantinos G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Toutouzas
authors.forename: Haridimos
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Markogiannakis
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lagoudianakis
authors.forename: Artemis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papadima
authors.forename: Pantelis T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Antonakis
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kafiri
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bramis
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003537:Cystadenoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D005665:Furosemide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008479:Mediastinal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000077268:Pamidronate; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013958:Thyroid Crisis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D013965:Thyroidectomy
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D004232:Diuretics; D005665:Furosemide; D000077268:Pamidronate