title: A prospective analysis of long-term quality of life after permanent I-125 brachytherapy for localised prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively evaluate long-term urinary, bowel and sexual function after I-125 brachytherapy for localised prostate cancer using patient administered validated Quality of Life (QoL) instruments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 1995 and March 2004, 673 men underwent brachytherapy and recorded urinary symptoms prospectively using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). In addition, in a subgroup of 116 patients, the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) was used to record QoL information on urinary, bowel and sexual function before treatment and at regular time intervals for at least two years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initially, there was a sharp rise in urinary symptoms which was most marked within the first three months. Scores then resolved slowly and returned to within one or two units of pre-treatment level at one year. Subsequently, there was no significant deterioration in urinary symptoms up to nine years following brachytherapy. Few had significant bowel symptoms. Sexual function deteriorated initially and then improved but failed to return to pre-treatment levels by two years. Patients requiring neo-adjuvant hormones experienced significantly more dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After an initial period of mild to moderate urinary symptoms prostate brachytherapy is well tolerated with relatively little deterioration in long-term quality of life. Long-term reduction in sexual function may be seen particularly in those requiring hormones.
authors.affiliation: Regional Cancer Treatment Centre, Cookridge Hospital, Leeds, UK
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ash
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bottomley
authors.forename: Bashar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Al-Qaisieh
authors.forename: Brendan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: Kath
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Henry
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000209:etiology