title: Dual regulation of TRPV1 by phosphoinositides.
abstract: The membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PIP2] regulates many ion channels. There are conflicting reports on the effect of PtdIns(4,5)P2 on transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels. We show that in excised patches PtdIns(4,5)P2 and other phosphoinositides activate and the PIP2 scavenger poly-Lys inhibits TRPV1. TRPV1 currents undergo desensitization on exposure to high concentrations of capsaicin in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. We show that in the presence of extracellular Ca2+, capsaicin activates phospholipase C (PLC) in TRPV1-expressing cells, inducing depletion of both PtdIns(4,5)P2 and its precursor PtdIns(4)P (PIP). The PLC inhibitor U73122 and dialysis of PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(4)P through the patch pipette inhibited desensitization of TRPV1, indicating that Ca2+-induced activation of PLC contributes to desensitization of TRPV1 by depletion of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(4)P. Selective conversion of PtdIns(4,5)P2 to PtdIns(4)P by a rapamycin-inducible PIP2 5-phosphatase did not inhibit TRPV1 at high capsaicin concentrations, suggesting a significant role for PtdIns(4)P in maintaining channel activity. Currents induced by low concentrations of capsaicin and moderate heat, however, were potentiated by conversion of PtdIns(4,5)P2 to PtdIns(4)P. Increasing PtdIns(4,5)P2 levels by coexpressing phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase inhibited TRPV1 at low but not at saturating capsaicin concentrations. These data show that at low capsaicin concentrations and other moderate stimuli, PtdIns(4,5)P2 partially inhibits TRPV1 in a cellular context, but this effect is likely to be indirect, because it is not detectable in excised patches. We conclude that phosphoinositides have both inhibitory and activating effects on TRPV1, resulting in complex and distinct regulation at various stimulation levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lukacs
authors.forename: Baskaran
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thyagarajan
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Varnai
authors.forename: Andras
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balla
authors.forename: Tamas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Balla
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rohacs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009865:Oocytes; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C494482:TRPV1 protein, human; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D002211:Capsaicin