title: Biodynamic feedback training to assure learning partial load bearing on forearm crutches.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine how biodynamic feedback training affects the learning of prescribed partial load bearing (200N).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three pre-post experiments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biomechanics laboratory in a German university.
  
  
  METHODS
  A volunteer sample of 98 uninjured subjects who had not used crutches recently. There were 24 subjects in experiment 1 (mean age, 23.2y); 64 in experiment 2 (mean age, 43.6y); and 10 in experiment 3 (mean age, 40.3y), parallelized by arm force.
  
  
  METHODS
  Video instruction and feedback training: In experiment 1, 2 varied instruction videos and reduced feedback frequency; in experiment 2, varied frequencies of changing tasks (contextual interference); and in experiment 3, feedback training (walking) and transfer (stair tasks).
  
  
  METHODS
  Vertical ground reaction force.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Absolute error of practiced tasks was significantly reduced for all samples (P<.050). Varied contextual interference conditions did not significantly affect retention (P=.798) or transfer (P=.897). Positive transfer between tasks was significant in experiment 2 (P<.001) and was contrary to findings in experiment 3 (P=.071).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biodynamic feedback training is applicable for learning prescribed partial load bearing. The frequency of changing tasks is irrelevant. Despite some support for transfer effects, additional practice in climbing and descending stairs might be beneficial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport and Health, Sports Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany. daniel.krause@upb.de
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wünnemann
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erlmann
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hölzchen
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mull
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Olivier
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jöllenbeck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000534:rehabilitation; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D003446:Crutches; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007721:Knowledge of Results, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D014741:Video Recording; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*