title: Human neuroblastoma cells trigger an immunosuppressive program in monocytes by stimulating soluble HLA-G release.
abstract: HLA-G is overexpressed in different tumors and plays a role in immune escape. Because no information is available on HLA-G in relation to human neuroblastoma, we have investigated the expression of membrane-bound and secretion of soluble isoforms of HLA-G in neuroblastoma and functionally characterized their immunosuppressive activities. At diagnosis, serum soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) levels were significantly higher in patients than in age-matched healthy subjects. In addition, patients who subsequently relapsed exhibited higher sHLA-G levels than those who remained in remission. Neuroblastoma patient sera selected according to high sHLA-G concentrations inhibited natural killer (NK) cell and CTL-mediated neuroblastoma cell lysis. Such lysis was partially restored by serum depletion of sHLA-G. In 6 of 12 human neuroblastoma cell lines, low HLA-G surface expression was not up-regulated by IFN-gamma. Only the ACN cell line secreted constitutively sHLA-G. IFN-gamma induced de novo sHLA-G secretion by LAN-5 and SHSY5Y cells and enhanced that by ACN cells. Primary tumor lesions from neuroblastoma patients tested negative for HLA-G. Neuroblastoma patients displayed a higher number of sHLA-G-secreting monocytes than healthy controls. Incubation of monocytes from normal donors with IFN-gamma or pooled neuroblastoma cell line supernatants significantly increased the proportion of sHLA-G-secreting cells. In addition, tumor cell supernatants up-regulated monocyte expression of CD68, HLA-DR, CD69, and CD71 and down-regulated IL-12 production. Our conclusions are the following: (a) sHLA-G serum levels are increased in neuroblastoma patients and correlate with relapse, (b) sHLA-G is secreted by monocytes activated by tumor cells rather than by tumor cells themselves, and (c) sHLA-G dampens anti-neuroblastoma immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy. fabiomorandi@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morandi
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Levreri
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bocca
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Galleni
authors.forename: Lizzia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Raffaghello
authors.forename: Soldano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrone
authors.forename: Ignazia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Prigione
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pistoia
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000097:blood*; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents