title: Fluorescent silica colloids for study and visualization of skin care products.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy of skin care products depends on the time and dynamics of their absorbance by the skin, and its spatial distribution on the skin. Regular scrape-based methods may depend on the operator and are destructive and invasive in nature. Here, we describe a novel method based on non-contact optical measurements to trace the location and dynamics of skin care products on the skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  We use fluorescent silica colloidal particles of micron sizes at a rather small concentration as non-invasive tracers. As an example of skin care products, we use two base materials: either glycerin or vaseline. A mixture of each product with fluorescent particles is applied on human skin. The amount of fluorescence is monitored by means of a fluorescent spectrometer. The scraping method is used to compare with the spectroscopic measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fluorescent tracers make the skin care product visible under UV light. This allows obtaining an optical image of the spatial distribution of the product on the skin. The quantitative data of fluorescence are well correlated with the scrape data. Comparison of the difference in the spectral and scraped mass data reveals the details of accumulation of the skin products in skin cracks and crevices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We described an efficient non-invasive benign method to quantify dynamics and to perform mapping of emollients and humectants on the skin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5820, USA.
authors.forename: Swaminathan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: Yaroslav
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kievsky
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sokolov
mesh_terms: D003102:Colloids; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004643:Emollients / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005453:Fluorescence; D005542:Forearm; D005990:Glycerol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D010577:Petrolatum / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D017592:Skin Care; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D003358:Cosmetics; D004643:Emollients; D014867:Water; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D010577:Petrolatum; D005990:Glycerol