title: Structural features and anti-HIV-1 activity of novel polysaccharides from red algae Grateloupia longifolia and Grateloupia filicina.
abstract: Since sulphated polysaccharides have antiviral activity in vitro, we examined the structure and antiretroviral activity of native sulphated galactans extracted from the red algae, Grateloupia filicina (GFP) and Grateloupia longifolia (GLP). The sulphate contents of GFP and GLPE (the 1,4-alpha-d-glucan-glucanohydrolase digest of GLP) were 25.7 and 18.5%, respectively. The sulphate ester groups were located at carbon 2 for GFP and at carbon 2 and 6 for GLPE. Antiretroviral activity was investigated with a primary isolate (PI) of HIV-1 and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) rather than T-cell line adapted (TCLA) HIV-1 and T-cell lines because it is more representative of the in vivo situation. Both compounds and their derivatives had potent anti-HIV-1 activity when added at the time of infection, and 2h post-infection (EC50s 0.010-0.003microM, EC(90s) 0.87-0.33microM) and low cytotoxicity. Their potential medical application as virucidal vaginal formulations is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S W A
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Bligh
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Z T
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Z B
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crowder
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Branford-White
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vella
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D005685:Galactans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology; D008970:Molecular Weight; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013457:Sulfur Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D005685:Galactans; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013457:Sulfur Compounds