title: Trigoxazonane, a monosubstituted trioxazonane from Trigonella foenum-graecum root exudate, inhibits Orobanche crenata seed germination.
abstract: Orobanche crenata is a major threat to grain legume production. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is an annual legume that has been shown to effectively reduce O. crenata infection when intercropped with grain legumes. In this paper, we point that this can be attributed to allelopathy, through inhibition of the germination of O. crenata by fenugreek root exudates. The main inhibitory metabolite was isolated and characterized. Allelopathy was demonstrated in different bioassays, by inhibition of O. crenata seeds germination both by growing fenugreek and pea plants together (intercropped), and by application of fenugreek root exudates. Fenugreek root exudates were extracted with organic solvent and fractionated giving several fractions, two of which showed moderate (27%) and strong (54%) inhibition of O. crenata seed germination, respectively. The most active metabolite is a new monosubstituted trioxazonane, characterized by spectroscopic methods as the 2-butyl-[1,4,7,2]trioxazonane and named trigoxazonane.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell'Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy. evidente@unina.it
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evidente
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández-Aparicio
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andolfi
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rubiales
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Motta
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects*; D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D031672:Orobanche / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D029910:Trigonella / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; C525203:trigoxazonane