title: Dyadic facial affective indicators of severity of symptomatic burden in patients with panic disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Based on the results of research on facial affective behaviour in different psychological disorders, as well as on available findings on the specific behaviour of patients with panic disorder in interaction with their therapists, hypotheses about dyadic facial affective behaviour and its correlation with symptomatic burden of female panic patients are formulated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The facial affective behaviour of 20 patients with panic disorder and their therapists, coded with the Emotional Facial Action Coding System, in the first treatment session is analyzed regarding interactive enmeshment, and for a subgroup of 15 dyads these data are correlated with those on symptomatic burden before treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A high degree of interactive enmeshment between patient and therapist correlates positively with the severity of symptomatic burden. All dyadic enmeshment indicators show highly significant positive correlations with body-related symptoms, but not with more general variables like global severity index of the SCL-90R or general anxiety (State Trait Anxiety Inventory).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are discussed against the background of specific psychodynamics of panic patients and show that, on the one hand, therapists practise an interactive abstinence, but on the other hand, they tend to be pulled into a specific interactive enmeshment by patients with greater symptomatic burden. Limitations of the study arise from the small sample and the lack of a comparison group, therefore the question if the results are disorder specific or more general cannot be answered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. cord.benecke@uibk.ac.at
authors.forename: Cord
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benecke
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krause
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000379:Agoraphobia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003379:Countertransference; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D017064:Process Assessment, Health Care; D011575:Psychoanalytic Therapy; D011599:Psychopathology; D012984:Software; D014743:Videotape Recording