title: Reduced inflammatory response in cigarette smoke exposed Mrp1/Mdr1a/1b deficient mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tobacco smoke is the principal risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), though the mechanisms of its toxicity are still unclear. The ABC transporters multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp/MDR1) extrude a wide variety of toxic substances across cellular membranes and are highly expressed in bronchial epithelium. Their impaired function may contribute to COPD development by diminished detoxification of noxious compounds in cigarette smoke.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined whether triple knock-out (TKO) mice lacking the genes for Mrp1 and Mdr1a/1b are more susceptible to develop COPD features than their wild-type (WT) littermates. TKO and WT mice (six per group) were exposed to 2 cigarettes twice daily by nose-only exposure or room air for 6 months. Inflammatory infiltrates were analyzed in lung sections, cytokines and chemokines in whole lung homogenates, emphysema by mean linear intercept. Multiple linear regression analysis with an interaction term was used to establish the statistical significances of differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TKO mice had lower levels of interleukin (IL)-7, KC (mouse IL-8), IL-12p70, IL-17, TNF-alpha, G-CSF, GM-CSF and MIP-1-alpha than WT mice independent of smoke exposure (P < 0.05). IL-1-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IL-17, TNF-alpha, G-CSF, GM-CSF and MCP-1 increased after smoke exposure in both groups, but the increase in IL-8 was lower in TKO than WT mice (P < 0.05) with a same trend for G-CSF (P < 0.10). Smoke-induced increase in pulmonary inflammatory cells in WT mice was almost absent in TKO mice. The mean linear intercept was not different between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mrp1/Mdr1a/1b knock-out mice have a reduced inflammatory response to cigarette smoke. In addition, the expression levels of several cytokines and chemokines were also lower in lungs of Mrp1/Mdr1a/1b knock-out mice independent of smoke exposure. Further studies are required to determine whether dysfunction of MRP1 and/or P-gp contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonology Department, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, The Netherlands. margaretha.vanderdeen@umassmed.edu
authors.forename: Margaretha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van der Deen
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Timens
authors.forename: Hetty
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Timmer-Bosscha
authors.forename: Barry W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: van der Strate
authors.forename: Rik J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Scheper
authors.forename: Dirkje S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Postma
authors.forename: Elisabeth G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Huib A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kerstjens
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D004646:Emphysema / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012906:Smoke; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000097202:ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 4
chemical_list: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D012906:Smoke; D000097202:ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 4; C095122:multidrug resistance protein 3; C421109:multidrug resistance-associated protein 1