title: Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) has been performed for severe multiple sclerosis (MS) refractory to standard therapy with increasing frequency worldwide. However, experience in Asia employing this modality in MS has been limited. In this review, we explored the pathophysiology of autoimmunity and the underlying rationale for auto-HSCT in treating autoimmune diseases including MS, as well as existing published pre-clinical and clinical data. We aimed thereby to better understand the utility of treating MS with auto-HSCT and the feasibility of this procedure in Singapore.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Medline search was performed with the terms "haematopoietic stem cell transplantation", "multiple sclerosis" and "autoimmune diseases" from 1996 to 2005. Both original papers and review articles were considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of publications were from Europe or the United States and most clinical series from single centres had relatively small numbers of patients. Worldwide, the number of patients reported has been less than 300 since 1997. Existing data support the feasibility and promise of this procedure and ongoing Phase III trials may serve to confirm this initial experience.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-clinical and early clinical data support the rationale for immunoablative therapy for autoimmune disorders. Auto-HSCT for severe MS is a feasible procedure and can be safely performed in centres with experience managing HSCT patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. yvonne.loh.s.m@sgh.com.sg
authors.forename: Yvonne S M
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.forename: William Y K
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Pavanni
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ratnagopal
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012846:Singapore; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome