title: Association between pharmacy medication refill-based adherence rates and cd4 count and viral-load responses: A retrospective analysis in treatment-experienced adults with HIV.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current guidelines and most contemporary statements in the literature indicate that, like other medical conditions, HIV infection requires exceptionally high adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for successful treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to determine the association between pharmacy medication refill rates-a surrogate marker for adherence to HAART- and CD4-count/viral-load responses in patients with HIV METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted at the HIV Clinic, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Male and female patients aged >/=18 years with a history of HIV who attended clinic appointments on 3 consecutive clinic days were enrolled. Pharmacy medication refill-based adherence rates over the 6 months before the study were determined by examining electronic pharmacy records. The most recent viral load and the change (Delta) in CD4 count over the past year-surrogate measures of outcome-were also collected from each patient's electronic medical record and compared with refill adherence rates. The incidence of AIDS-related events and past antiretroviral experience were also compared with the DeltaCD4 count and adherence rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 58 patients were included in the study. Thirty-nine patients were black men; the mean age was 51.5 years. There was a nonsignificant correlation between 6-month pharmacy medication refillbased adherence rates and viral loads (r = 0.10). The relationship between DeltaCD4 count and adherence was complex. With adherence rates >70%, the DeltaCD4 count ranged from +414 to -238, with no indication that increasing adherence led to a greater CD4 count increase. The DeltaCD4 count progressively declined with adherence rates </=70%. Patients' past antiretroviral experience or incidence of AIDS-related events did not significantly affect the distribution of DeltaCD4 counts or adherence rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our results, in patients with pharmacy medication refill-based adherence rates >70%, there was no significant correlation between adherence rates and DeltaCD4 counts or viral-load responses.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Service, Health Services Research and Development, and Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA. Townsend@mailcenter.campbell.edu
authors.forename: Mary L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D003625:Data Collection; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019562:Viral Load