title: Pain & resistance in patients with adhesive capsulitis during contrast material injection phase of MR arthrography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder is a condition of unknown aetiology that results in the development of restricted active and passive glenohumeral motion. It has been reported that magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is useful in diagnosing adhesive capsulitis. We carried out this study to assess how pain and/or resistance during contrast material injection affects the diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis on magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included MR arthrography examinations of 21 patients with a diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis. The control group consisted of 20 patients who presented clinically with rotator cuff tear. The pain (visual analog scale, VAS), resistance to injection and the amount of contrast material that could be injected during injection phase of MR arthrography was assessed and compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients in adhesive capsulitis group (mean VAS score 66.5+/-25.5) experienced more pain when compared with the control group (mean VAS score 34.9+/-27.7, P<0.001). A statistically significant difference (P<0.001) in terms of the amount of the injected fluid (4.3+/-2.6 ml for adhesive capsulitis group, and 10.9+/-4.1 ml for control group) was seen into the joint cavity. Resistance to injection was significantly more (P<0.001) in patients with adhesive capsulitis when compared to control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Experience of pain during injection, a decreased amount of contrast material injected and resistance to injection in patients during injection phase of MR arthrography may suggest adhesive capsulitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology , Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Halit
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kantarci
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Adaletli
authors.forename: Sila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ulus
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gulsen
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozer
authors.forename: Ilknur
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aktas
authors.forename: Kenan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akgun
authors.forename: Kaya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanberoglu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001175:Arthrography; D002062:Bursitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media