title: Submucosal cushioning with water jet before endoscopic mucosal resection : Which fluids are effective?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several new techniques have recently been described that allow the endoscopic mucosal resection even of broad-based flat lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. The technique recently described by us of using a water jet dissector (Helix HydroJet) for a selective deposition of liquid in the submucosal lamina has now been combined with different substances, and their effects have been compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gastroscopies were carried out in 8 pigs under intubation anesthesia, and 2 submucosal cushions each were created in the stomach using one out of 4 test substances (gelatin, glucose 50, hydroxyethyl starch [HES] 10%, dextran 40), as well as one cushion of isotonic saline solution placed in each area via the Helix HydroJet). The height of the submucosal cushions was intermittently measured over a period of 40 or 20 min, respectively, by miniprobe endosonography. In 7 of the animals the stomach was subsequently subjected to mucosal resection. The specimens and the gastric wall were histologically assessed to evaluate the localization of the liquid cushion and the effect on adjacent layers of the gastric wall.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All test substances produced strictly selective liquid cushions in the submucosa. With HES 10% and dextran the maximum height of the cushions initially increased and then decreased during the further course to an average of 90% of the initial height within 40 min. Isotonic saline solution showed the most rapid decrease in height (72% after 20 min). The histological assessment confirmed the selective nature of the liquid deposit in the submucosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma expanders produced cushions that initially increased in height but then remained constant for a longer period than cushions produced using glucose 50, gelatin, or isotonic saline solution. The combination of transmucosal jet application for elevation of the mucosa with plasma expanders is therefore an interesting approach to optimize endoscopic mucosal resections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Ruprechts-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg, D-69110, Germany.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sold
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grobholz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Post
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Enderle
authors.forename: G F B A
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Kaehler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003911:Dextrans; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000601:surgery*; D005773:Gastroscopy; D005780:Gelatin; D005947:Glucose; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D005780:Gelatin; D005947:Glucose