title: In situ intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in the pig: a model using the first jejunal artery for flushing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We describe a new surgical technique of in situ intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in the pig, which includes transection of the small bowel, extrinsic autonomic denervation, lymphatic disruption, and finally in-situ cold ischemia of the graft by flushing through the first jejunal artery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten female pigs were used for the study. All neural and lymphatic connections to the jejunoileum were transected. The stripped superior mesenteric vessels remained as the only connections. The skeletonized mesenteric vessels were clamped and the superior mesenteric artery was cannulated through the first jejunal artery. The isolated jejunoileum was flushed with cold IGL-1 solution. A small incision on the superior mesenteric vein was made to allow outflow of the effluent. After the flushing process was complete, the small incision in the superior mesenteric vein was closed and the vascular clamps were removed. The proximal 70% of the graft was resected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean preoperative weight of the animals was 25.8 +/-7.6 kg. The mean duration of the operation was 242.0 +/- 28.6 min. The mean cold ischemia time was 47.6 +/- 3.9 min. All animals survived the procedure and were sacrificed at day 8. At sacrifice, there were no adhesions. The small bowel appeared normal. On intestinal histology, there were no significant changes between specimens obtained from the animal immediately at the end of cold flushing (T0), 2 h after reperfusion (T1), and at sacrifice (T2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This novel technique for intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in the pig provides an extremely useful model for experimental studies of immunological and cold ischemia-reperfusion injury of transplanted small bowels.
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Viscerale et de Transplantation Hépatique, Hôpital de l'Archet II, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 151 route de Saint Antoine de Ginestière, 06002, Nice, Cedex 3, France. yandza.t@chu-nice.fr.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yandza
authors.affiliation: Station de Primatologie, UPS 846 CNRS, Rousset sur Arc, France.
authors.forename: Mourad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mekaouche
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Infantile, Hôpital de L'Archet II, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, 06002, Nice, Cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bréaud
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Infantile, Hôpital de L'Archet II, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, 06002, Nice, Cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: Ioana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oroboscianu
authors.affiliation: Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Hôpital Pasteur, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, 06002, Nice, Cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Saint-Paul
authors.affiliation: Institut Georges Lopez, 69380, Civrieux, France.
authors.forename: Silvina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramella-Virieux
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Générale et de Cancérologie Digestive, Hôpital de L'Archet II, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, 06002, Nice, Cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Benchimol
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Viscerale et de Transplantation Hépatique, Hôpital de l'Archet II, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 151 route de Saint Antoine de Ginestière, 06002, Nice, Cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gugenheim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017763:Autonomic Denervation; D050377:Cold Ischemia / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007082:Ileum / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000276:immunology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000637:transplantation; D007583:Jejunum / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000276:immunology; D017538:Mesenteric Artery, Superior / Q000601:surgery; D015427:Reperfusion Injury; D013552:Swine; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous