title: Transgenic overexpression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promotes the development of polycystic ovarian changes in female mice.
abstract: Reproductive age women (5-10%) are affected by the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a diagnosis which confers lifelong cardiovascular and reproductive health implications. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the main physiological inhibitor of plasminogen activation, is consistently elevated in women with PCOS, regardless of metabolic status. Interestingly, the plasminogen system has long been implicated in proteolytic processes within the dynamic ovary. A non-physiologic elevation in PAI-1 may thus contribute systemically to endothelial dysfunction and locally to abnormal ovarian phenotype and function. We herein characterize the phenotypic alterations in ovaries from transgenic mice, which constitutively express a stable form of human PAI-1 and determine the plasma testosterone level in these mice as opposed to their unaffected counterparts. Over half of the ovaries from transgenic mice were found to contain large cystic structures, in contrast to wild-type controls of the same genetic background (53% (N = 17) vs 5% (N = 22); P = 0.001). Plasma testosterone was nearly twofold elevated in transgenic female mice versus wild-type females (0.312 ng/ml +/- 0.154 (N = 10) vs 0.181 ng/ml +/- 0.083 (N = 8); P = 0.014). An elevation in PAI-1 therefore appears to predispose mice to the development of this abnormal architecture, which in turn is associated with an increase in plasma testosterone. Therefore, we propose that an inappropriate elevation in PAI-1 contributes to the development of polycystic structures; these findings may thus reorient the efforts aimed at the development of therapeutic agents for the treatment of this increasingly common syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 354 Preston Research Building, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Devin
authors.forename: Joyce E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Mesut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eren
authors.forename: Linda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gleaves
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Bradham
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bloodworth
authors.forename: Douglas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Vaughan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010053:Ovary / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012016:Reference Values; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D013739:Testosterone