title: Comparison of two techniques for the evaluation of fetomaternal hemorrhage in RhD-negative women: gel agglutination and haemoglobin F determination by flow cytometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the treatment of RhD-negative women, it is clinically important to adjust the RhD immunoglobulin dose to the volume of the fetal-maternal hemorrhage (FMH). The present study compared a standard flow cytometry technique for FMH quantification to a simple alternative, the gel agglutination test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were collected from 118 RhD negative women after delivery, and were analysed for the amount of FMH by both flow cytometry and the gel agglutination test. Events associated with increased FMH in a previous and current pregnancy, and with neonatal complications, were correlated to the results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A FMH of 0.1 ml or more was detected in all 118 women in the study group by flow cytometry (mean 2.0+/-1.2 ml), but in only 31 women (35.6% of 87 with RhD positive infant) (mean FMH 0.76+/-1.48 ml) by the gel agglutination test (p<0.001). On multivariate regression analysis, only gestational age was a weak significant independent positive predictor for FMH (r (2)=0.037, p=0.047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gel agglutination technique, as used in the range of 0.1-10 ml, is not sensitive enough to detect FMH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Division, The Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Petach-Tikva, Israel. yudavi@inter.net.il
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ben-Haroush
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belkin
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chezar
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orlin
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hod
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000372:Agglutination Tests; D005260:Female; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D005331:Fetomaternal Transfusion / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007557:Israel; D011247:Pregnancy; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000032:analysis*; D018029:Rho(D) Immune Globulin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; D018029:Rho(D) Immune Globulin; C026410:Rho(D) antigen; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin