title: Factors associated with health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Much research has gone into the assessment of function and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in those with multiple sclerosis (MS). The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short form (SF-36) has been widely used in this population but current recommendations are that it be supplemented with condition-specific measures such as the MS Quality of Life Inventory (MSQLI) and the MS Functional Composite (MSFC). The goal of the baseline component of this study was the measurement of generic and condition-specific HRQOL, and the identification of factors associated with these outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  HRQOL was assessed at the baseline phase of a longitudinal study. Participants completed the assessment during their regularly scheduled clinic visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  300 of 387 eligible patients agreed to participate, for a response rate of 77.5%. Age ranged from 22 to 77 years, while duration of MS ranged from 1 to 47 years. Mean SF-36 scores were well below age- and sex-adjusted normative data. Only 240 completed the MSFC component. Higher EDSS, use of support services, pain medications, clinical depression and antidepressant use were associated with poorer HRQOL, while higher income and education were associated with better HRQOL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a substantial burden of illness associated with MS when compared to normative HRQOL data. This was more pronounced in physically- than in mentally-oriented domains. Assessment of HRQOL provides a valuable complement to the EDSS by providing information about the patient perception of function and HRQOL beyond that which can be obtained by physical assessment alone.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Wilma M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Hopman
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Coo
authors.forename: Cathy M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Edgar
authors.forename: Evelyn V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: Donald G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Brunet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D011788:Quality of Life; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors