title: Subjective and objective outcome in congenital clubfoot; a comparative study of 204 children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Outcome following management of congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) can be assessed in a number of ways. Bjonness stated simply that "the patient is the final judge of whether he has a good foot"; a purely subjective assessment. Others have employed objective measures. Combining subjective evaluation with a more objective assessment of movement and position of the foot, is likely to give a more comprehensive picture of the final result of clubfoot. The purpose of this study was to compare subjective and objective outcome following management of clubfoot, and evaluate sex differences in outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a patient-administered subjective assessment of outcome following treatment of clubfoot and compared it with objective anthropometry and range of movement of the ankle to assess and compare subjective and objective outcome in clubfoot. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficients. Significance was tested using Student's t-test test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Objective outcome can be assessed using length of the foot, calf circumference and range of movement at the ankle. These are easy to measure, reproducible, and correlate well with subjective outcome. Objective outcome is comparable for boys and girls. However, subjectively, female patients and their parents are less happy with the results of management of clubfoot.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a correlation between the anthropometric measures and the subjective outcome and an objective grading can be designed using foot length, calf muscle bulk and range of movement at the ankle.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Queen Margaret Hospital, Dunfermline, UK. djchesney@rcsed.ac.uk
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chesney
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maffulli
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001828:Body Image; D001915:Braces; D002370:Casts, Surgical; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003025:Clubfoot / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011177:Postal Service; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012737:Sex Factors; D012775:Shoes; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome