title: Gamma-tocopherol as a marker of Brazilian coffee (Coffea arabica L.) adulteration by corn.
abstract: The adulteration of coffee with cereals, coffee twigs, etc. is apparently widespread in Brazil with corn being considered the most widely used. No adequate methods are available to detect such contamination in commercial coffee. A new method, based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) tocopherol determination was developed to detect coffee adulteration by corn. Percentages of alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol determined by HPLC in six coffee varieties were 29.0, 61.7, 3.3, and 6.0, respectively. Similar values were obtained in six popular coffee brands. The percentages of alpha-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol in six corn samples were 3.6, 91.3, and 5.1, respectively. These differences could be applied to detect corn in a pure coffee sample intentionally contaminated with corn with the best result obtained with gamma-tocopherol. With this methodology, one coffee brand was apparently adulterated (8.9%), most likely with corn. Tocopherol fingerprinting offers the potential to detect adulteration.
authors.affiliation: NCAUR, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. Gulab.Jham@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Gulab N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Jham
authors.forename: Jill K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Berhow
authors.forename: Steven F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Vaughn
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D001938:Brazil; D040503:Coffea / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*; D024504:gamma-Tocopherol / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024504:gamma-Tocopherol