title: Protective effect of erythropoietin against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurodegenaration in PC12 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin (EPO) against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced oxidative stress in cultured PC12 cells, as well as the underlying mechanism, were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  PC12 cells impaired by MPP(+) were used as the cell model of Parkinson's disease. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) was used to assay the viability of the PC12 cells exposed to gradient concentrations of EPO, and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay was used to analyze the apoptosis ratio of PC12 cells. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in PC12 cells were examined by Western blot, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS), the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and the activity of caspase-3 in each group were detected by spectrofluorometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment of PC12 cells with MPP(+) caused the loss of cell viability, which may be associated with the elevation in apoptotic rate, the formation of ROS and the disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. It was also shown that MPP(+) significantly induced the upregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the activation of caspase-3. In contrast, EPO significantly reversed these responses and had the maximum protective effect at 1 U/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inhibitive effect of EPO on the MPP(+)-induced cytotoxicity may be ascribed to its anti-oxidative property and anti-apoptotic activity, and EPO may provide a useful therapeutic strategy for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: You
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Sheng-Gang
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ren-Gang
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wen-Qiong
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium / Q000633:toxicity*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling / Q000379:methods; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016716:PC12 Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D004921:Erythropoietin; D053148:Caspase 3; C022616:thiazolyl blue; D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium