title: Solid phase extraction for evaluation of occupational exposure to Pb (II) using XAD-4 sorbent prior to atomic absorption spectroscopy.
abstract: Lead is an important constituent widely used in different industrial processes. For evaluation of workers' exposure to trace toxic metal of Pb (II), solid-phase extraction (SPE) was optimized. SPE using mini columns filled with XAD-4 resin was developed with regard to sample pH, ligand concentration, loading flow rate, elution solvent, sample volume, elution volume, the amount of resins, and sample matrix interferences. Lead ions were retained on a solid sorbent and then eluted, followed by a simple determination of analytes with flame atomic absorption spectrometery. The obtained recoveries of metal ions were greater than 92%. This method was validated with 3 different pools of spiked urine samples; it showed a good reproducibility over 6 consecutive days as well as 6 within-day experiments. This optimized method can be considered successful in simplifying sample preparation for a trace residue analysis of lead in different matrices when evaluating occupational and environmental exposures is required.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, I.R. Iran. shahtaheri@tums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Seyed Jamaleddin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shahtaheri
authors.forename: Monireh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khadem
authors.forename: Farideh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Golbabaei
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahimi-Froushan
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ganjali
authors.forename: Parviz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Norouzi
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D007492:Iran; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D011137:Polystyrenes; D011145:Polyvinyls; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D011137:Polystyrenes; D011145:Polyvinyls; D007854:Lead; C012101:XAD-4 resin