title: Botulinum toxin injection into Riolan's muscle: somatosensory 'trick'.
abstract: We studied the effect of injecting botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) into the pars ciliaris--also known as Riolan's muscle--of patients with eyelid apraxia (ELA). Six patients with ELA were treated with injections of BTX-A into the region of Riolan's muscle at the medial and lateral portions of the upper and lower pretarsal orbicularis oculi. Clinical benefit was seen in all 6 patients, 2 of whom had previously been treated with conventional pretarsal injections of BTX-A and had not improved. BTX-A injections into Riolan's muscle are effective as treatment for ELA. The proposed mechanism is not that of muscle relaxation but rather modulation of the somatosensory cortex, similar to that of a 'sensory trick' in patients with dystonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan. kenin_04@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001072:Apraxias / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005143:Eyelids; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000294:innervation*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A