title: Combined use of an antigen and antibody detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for cysticercosis as tools in an epidemiological study of epilepsy in Burundi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the benefits of the detection of both circulating antibodies (Ab) and antigens (Ag) for the diagnosis of cysticercosis in people with epilepsy. Neurocysticercosis is a cause of neurological diseases world-wide, especially epilepsy. The clinical symptoms of neurocysticercosis are non-specific and diagnosis is often difficult.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples were collected from subjects in a matched case-control study for epilepsy in the Kiremba area, Burundi, between March and April 2001 (epileptic cases=303; controls without epilepsy=606). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection of antibodies (Ab-ELISA) and circulating Ag (Ag-ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Ab-ELISA revealed 58.7% positivity in epilepsy cases and 31.4% in healthy controls; and Ag-ELISA revealed 38.3% positivity in epilepsy cases and 20.0% in controls. The matched odds ratios were 3.6 (95% CI: 2.5-4.9) for Ab-ELISA, and 2.9 (95% CI: 2.1-4.3) for Ag-ELISA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both Ag- and Ab-ELISA detected a significantly higher number of seropositives among people with epilepsy than among controls. The risk of epilepsy was high in cases with a positive Ag-ELISA, although less important than in cases with positivity for Ab-ELISA. Dead or degenerating cysticerci appear to be more frequently associated with epilepsy than living cysts. The high number of people with circulating Ag of Taenia solium suggests that the study area is a focus of active transmission of the parasite.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neuroepidemiology (EA 3174), Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Limoges, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prado-Jean
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanobana
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Druet-Cabanac
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nsengyiumva
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dorny
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Preux
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geerts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000032:analysis*; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000032:analysis*; D002063:Burundi / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020019:Neurocysticercosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D000947:Antigens, Helminth