title: Cost of hospitalization for preterm and low birth weight infants in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to estimate national hospital costs for infant admissions that are associated with preterm birth/low birth weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infant (<1 year) hospital discharge data, including delivery, transfers, and readmissions, were analyzed by using the 2001 Nationwide Inpatient Sample from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample is a 20% sample of US hospitals weighted to approximately >35 million hospital discharges nationwide. Hospital costs, based on weighted cost-to-charge ratios, and lengths of stay were calculated for preterm/low birth weight infants, uncomplicated newborns, and all other infant hospitalizations and assessed by degree of prematurity, major complications, and expected payer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2001, 8% (384,200) of all 4.6 million infant stays nationwide included a diagnosis of preterm birth/low birth weight. Costs for these preterm/low birth weight admissions totaled $5.8 billion, representing 47% of the costs for all infant hospitalizations and 27% for all pediatric stays. Preterm/low birth weight infant stays averaged $15,100, with a mean length of stay of 12.9 days versus $600 and 1.9 days for uncomplicated newborns. Costs were highest for extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks' gestation/birth weight <1000 g), averaging $65,600, and for specific respiratory-related complications. However, two thirds of total hospitalization costs for preterm birth/low birth weight were for the substantial number of infants who were not extremely preterm. Of all preterm/low birth weight infant stays, 50% identified private/commercial insurance as the expected payer, and 42% designated Medicaid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Costs per infant hospitalization were highest for extremely preterm infants, although the larger number of moderately preterm/low birth weight infants contributed more to the overall costs. Preterm/low birth weight infants in the United States account for half of infant hospitalization costs and one quarter of pediatric costs, suggesting that major infant and pediatric cost savings could be realized by preventing preterm birth.
authors.affiliation: March of Dimes, 1275 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Nancy S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Claudia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meikle
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Howse
authors.forename: Karalee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Poschman
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Potetz
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Davidoff
authors.forename: Karla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Damus
authors.forename: Joann R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Petrini
mesh_terms: D017721:Hospital Costs; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000191:economics*; D007343:Insurance Carriers; D007902:Length of Stay; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000191:economics; D010360:Patient Transfer / Q000191:economics; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000191:economics; D014481:United States