title: Time to first disease progression, but not beta2-microglobulin, predicts outcome in myeloma patients who receive thalidomide as salvage therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Baseline parameters that may be predictive of outcome after thalidomide treatment have been investigated to identify which myeloma patient subgroups will most benefit from this drug.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thalidomide has been used as a salvage regimen at the study institution since 1999. A total of 102 myeloma patients who were diagnosed between January 1999 and February 2005 were evaluable for intention-to-treat analysis; 78 patients received thalidomide (at a dose of 100 mg/day continuously) and dexamethasone (at a dose of 40 mg/day on Days 1-4 each month) (TD) as salvage treatment whereas 24 patients died or were lost to follow-up before the initiation of TD. Several parameters such as serum beta2-microglobulin, serum C-reactive protein, immunoglobulin A isotype, hemoglobin, stage of disease, bone marrow plasmacytosis, age, serum creatinine, gender, stem cell transplantation at the time of diagnosis, and time to first disease progression were analyzed in association with overall survival (OS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The OS from the time of diagnosis was 43.8 months. Using univariate analysis, factors found to be associated with a shorter OS were a creatinine level > or =2 mg/dL (P = .05), stage III (P = .04), and time to first disease progression < or =12 months (P < .0001). The only factor that remained significantly associated with a shorter OS in multivariate models was time to first disease progression < or =12 months (P = .0006). Elevated serum beta2-microglobulin was not found to be predictive of poor OS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Time to first disease progression >12 months was found to be the best indicator of OS. Elevated serum beta2-microglobulin, generally considered to be a poor prognostic factor, was not found to be predictive of outcome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, University of Torino, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy. appalumbo@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palumbo
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bringhen
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Falco
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cavallo
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ambrosini
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Avonto
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Caravita
authors.forename: Benedetto
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boccadoro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D013792:Thalidomide; D003907:Dexamethasone; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003404:Creatinine