title: Genetic removal of the A2A adenosine receptor enhances pulmonary inflammation, mucin production, and angiogenesis in adenosine deaminase-deficient mice.
abstract: Adenosine is generated at sites of tissue injury where it serves to regulate inflammation and damage. Adenosine signaling has been implicated in the regulation of pulmonary inflammation and damage in diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; however, the contribution of specific adenosine receptors to key immunoregulatory processes in these diseases is still unclear. Mice deficient in the purine catabolic enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) develop pulmonary inflammation and mucous metaplasia in association with adenosine elevations making them a useful model for assessing the contribution of specific adenosine receptors to adenosine-mediated pulmonary disease. Studies suggest that the A(2A) adenosine receptor (A(2A)R) functions to limit inflammation and promote tissue protection; however, the contribution of A(2A)R signaling has not been examined in the ADA-deficient model of adenosine-mediated lung inflammation. The purpose of the current study was to examine the contribution of A(2A)R signaling to the pulmonary phenotype seen in ADA-deficient mice. This was accomplished by generating ADA/A(2A)R double knockout mice. Genetic removal of the A(2A)R from ADA-deficient mice resulted in enhanced inflammation comprised largely of macrophages and neutrophils, mucin production in the bronchial airways, and angiogenesis, relative to that seen in the lungs of ADA-deficient mice with the A(2A)R. In addition, levels of the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and CXCL1 were elevated, whereas levels of cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6 were not. There were no compensatory changes in the other adenosine receptors in the lungs of ADA/A(2A)R double knockout mice. These findings suggest that the A(2A)R plays a protective role in the ADA-deficient model of pulmonary inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohsenin
authors.forename: Tiejuan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Rodney E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Kellems
authors.forename: Jiang-Fan
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Blackburn
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000172:deficiency*; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D002452:Cell Count; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008136:Longevity; D008168:Lung / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009077:Mucins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009093:Mucus; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000201:enzymology*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B / Q000378:metabolism; D014132:Trachea / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009077:Mucins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase