title: Gaussian processes: a method for automatic QSAR modeling of ADME properties.
abstract: In this article, we discuss the application of the Gaussian Process method for the prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties. On the basis of a Bayesian probabilistic approach, the method is widely used in the field of machine learning but has rarely been applied in quantitative structure-activity relationship and ADME modeling. The method is suitable for modeling nonlinear relationships, does not require subjective determination of the model parameters, works for a large number of descriptors, and is inherently resistant to overtraining. The performance of Gaussian Processes compares well with and often exceeds that of artificial neural networks. Due to these features, the Gaussian Processes technique is eminently suitable for automatic model generation-one of the demands of modern drug discovery. Here, we describe the basic concept of the method in the context of regression problems and illustrate its application to the modeling of several ADME properties: blood-brain barrier, hERG inhibition, and aqueous solubility at pH 7.4. We also compare Gaussian Processes with other modeling techniques.
authors.affiliation: BioFocus DPI, 127 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GD, United Kingdom. olga.obrezanova@glpg.com
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Obrezanova
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Csanyi
authors.forename: Joelle M R
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gola
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Segall
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D001711:Biotransformation; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D016011:Normal Distribution; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D021281:Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012995:Solubility; D014018:Tissue Distribution / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D001569:Benzodiazepines