title: Sudden temperature changes and respiratory symptoms--an experimental approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure to air-conditioning systems and allergic phenotypes are consistent risk factors to develop indoor air quality (IAQ) respiratory complaints. The aim of this study was to compare the role of allergic rhinitis on respiratory complaints in individuals exposed to sudden temperature changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  To address this question, a case-control challenge study was performed in a laboratory of thermal comfort evaluation with twin isolated chambers set at 14 degrees C/57.2 degrees F (cold) and 26 degrees C/78.8 degrees F (hot) temperatures. A groups of 32 patients with persistent allergic rhinitis (rhinitis group) and 16 control subjects (control group) were exposed for 30 minutes, three times alternately in the chambers. Symptoms were reported using an analog visual scale and nasal and pulmonary peak flow measurements were taken during baseline at hot and cold temperatures and after the challenge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rhinitis group reported increased itching and stinging eyes when compared with the baseline during exposure to hot and cold temperatures and they also reported increased breathlessness during hot air exposure. In addition, there was a significant decrease in expiratory flow rates in this group during exposure to hot and cold temperatures that persisted for 24 hours after challenge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that individuals with allergic rhinitis have a lower threshold than controls to develop respiratory and ocular symptoms after air-conditioning-induced sudden temperature changes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Millennium Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo- SP, Brazil. gustavog@usp.br
authors.forename: Gustavo Silveira
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Graudenz
authors.forename: Celso Henrique
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Arlindo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tribess
authors.forename: Richardt G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Landgraf
authors.forename: I Sonia
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Jancar
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011537:Pruritus / Q000209:etiology; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012912:Sneezing / Q000502:physiology; D013696:Temperature