title: Composition and biological activity of different extracts from Schisandra sphenanthera and Schisandra chinensis.
abstract: Plants of the Schisandraceae family contain a variety of pharmacologically active lignans like schizandrin, deoxyschizandrin, deangeloylgomisin B, gomisin A, gomisin O, gamma-schizandrin and isogomisin O. Here we have compared the composition of different polar and non-polar extracts of Schisandra sphenanthera and Schisandra chinensis. We also have screened the extracts for antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects in different cell-based and cell-free assays. Extracts produced with the non-polar solvents CO(2), hexane and CO(2)/5% ethanol had a similar composition. In contrast, polar extraction with ethanol provided a considerably higher yield, but a lower content of volatiles and lignans in comparison to the non-polar extracts. The proliferation of the epidermal cell lines HaCaT and A431 was dose-dependently inhibited by both the Schisandra sphenanthera and Schisandra chinensis extracts, the non-polar extracts being superior to the polar ones. The non-polar Schisandra sphenanthera extract was the most active with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 20 microg/mL. In a cell-free enzyme inhibition assay with recombinant cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) the non-polar Schisandra sphenanthera extract dose-dependently inhibited COX-2 catalysed prostaglandin (PG) production (IC(50) = 0.2 microg/mL). It also reduced the ultraviolet-B (UVB)-induced PGE (2) production (IC(50) = 4 microg/mL) and COX-2 expression in HaCaT keratinocytes. We conclude that non-polar SChisandra extracts obtained by CO(2) extraction might be useful in the prevention and treatment of hyperproliferative and inflammatory skin diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Constance
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huyke
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Simon-Haarhaus
authors.forename: Karl-Werner
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Quirin
authors.forename: Christoph M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Schempp
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D032141:Schisandra
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone