title: Gay, lesbian, and bisexual content on television: a quantitative analysis across two seasons.
abstract: Two annual content analyses of programming from the 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 television seasons (n = 1,276 and 1,439 programs, respectively) were conducted to assess the presence of behaviors and verbal messages related to the sexuality of gays, lesbians, and bisexuals. Sexual content associated with nonheterosexuals was found in about 15% of programs overall; however, rates of occurrence within episodes were low. Of 14 genres, only movies and variety/comedy shows had substantial percentages of programs that contained nonheterosexual content. Programs on commercial broadcast networks were less likely to have nonheterosexual content than those on cable networks, especially those on premium cable movie networks. Implications of the continued lack of attention to sexual minorities are discussed for both heterosexual and nonheterosexual viewers.
authors.affiliation: Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD 20705, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Joel W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Grube
authors.forename: Enid L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Gruber
mesh_terms: D001727:Bisexuality; D005260:Female; D018452:Homosexuality, Female; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013690:Television / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D014481:United States