title: Bone mineral density and bone markers in patients with a recent low-energy fracture: effect of 1 y of treatment with calcium and vitamin D.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low-energy fractures of the hip, forearm, shoulder, and spine are known consequences of osteoporosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the effect of 1 y of treatment with calcium and vitamin D on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone markers in patients with a recent low-energy fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blinded design, patients with fracture of the hip (lower-extremity fracture, or LEF) or upper extremity (UEF) were randomly assigned to receive 3000 mg calcium carbonate + 1400 IU cholecalciferol or placebo (200 IU cholecalciferol). BMD of the hip (HBMD) and lumbar spine (LBMD) were evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and physical performance was assessed by the timed Up & Go test. Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, parathyroid hormone (PTH), telepeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), osteocalcin, and N-terminal propeptide of collagen type I were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 122 patients were included (84% women; x +/- SD age: 70 +/- 11 y); 68% completed the study. In an intention-to-treat analysis, LBMD increased in the intervention group and decreased in the placebo group, and the difference between the groups was significant after 12 mo: 0.931 +/- 0.211 compared with 0.848 +/- 0.194 (P<0.05). No significant change was shown for HBMD. The effect of treatment was more pronounced in patients aged <70 y. The intervention decreased bone turnover. PTH was significantly lower in the intervention group (P<0.01) for the LEF patients. ICTP and change in LBMD were significantly related to physical performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 1-y intervention with calcium and vitamin D reduced bone turnover, significantly increased BMD in patients younger than 70 y, and decreased bone loss in older patients. The effect of treatment was related to physical performance.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department, Roskilde University Hospital Koge, Koge, Denmark. mettehitz@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mette F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hitz
authors.forename: Jens-Erik B
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Eskildsen
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024042:Collagen Type I; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D010455:Peptides; D011347:Procollagen / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024042:Collagen Type I; C470125:PTH protein, human; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D011347:Procollagen; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide; C047202:procollagen Type I N-terminal peptide; D015675:Osteocalcin; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D002119:Calcium Carbonate