title: MAD2DeltaC induces aneuploidy and promotes anchorage-independent growth in human prostate epithelial cells.
abstract: The mitotic arrest deficient 2 (MAD2) is suggested to play a key role in a functional mitotic checkpoint because of its inhibitory effect on anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) during mitosis. The binding of MAD2 to mitotic checkpoint regulators MAD1 and Cdc20 is thought to be crucial for its function and loss of which leads to functional inactivation of the MAD2 protein. However, little is known about the biological significance of this MAD2 mutant in human cells. In this study, we stably transfected a C-terminal-deleted MAD2 gene (MAD2DeltaC) into a human prostate epithelial cell line, Hpr-1 and studied its effect on chromosomal instability, cell proliferation, mitotic checkpoint control and soft agar colony-forming ability. We found that MAD2DeltaC was able to induce aneuploidy through promoting chromosomal duplication, which was a result of an impaired mitotic checkpoint and cytokinesis, suggesting a crucial role of MAD2-mediated mitotic checkpoint in chromosome stability in human cells. In addition, the MAD2DeltaC-transfected cells displayed anchorage-independent growth in soft agar after challenged by 7,12-dimethylbenz[A]anthracene (DMBA), demonstrating a cancer-promoting effect of a defective mitotic checkpoint in human cells. Furthermore, the DMBA-induced transformation was accompanied by a complete loss of DNA damage-induced p53 response and activation of the MAPK pathway in MAD2DeltaC cells. These results indicate that a defective mitotic checkpoint alone is not a direct cause of tumorigenesis, but it may predispose human cells to carcinogen-induced malignant transformation. The evidence presented here provides a link between MAD2 inactivation and malignant transformation of epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: To-Ho
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: M-T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000633:toxicity; D000782:Aneuploidy; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D064246:Mad2 Proteins; D008297:Male; D008938:Mitosis; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002273:Carcinogens; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C577697:MAD2L1 protein, human; D064246:Mad2 Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene