title: Detection of differences in genomic profiles between herpes simplex virus type 1 isolates sequentially separated from the saliva of the same individual.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is assumed to cause recrudescent lesions, usually through endogenous recurrence and rarely through exogenous re-infection. The occurrence of exogenous re-infection in genital and corneal HSV infections has been previously demonstrated using genomic analysis, while exogenous re-infection in oral-facial HSV infections has not been shown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To confirm the occurrence of exogenous HSV re-infection in oral-facial HSV infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven isolates (isolates 1-7) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were sequentially separated from the same individual. Genomic profiles of HSV-1 isolates were studied: (i) by analysis of 20 RFLPs (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) and (ii) by the determination of nucleotide sequences of a PCR-amplified DNA fragment encompassing reiteration VII (hypervariable region) that belongs to sequences containing short tandem repeats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isolates 1-5 were the same (F83 genotype) and isolates 6 and 7 were the same (F84 genotype), although isolates 1-5 were markedly different from isolates 6 and 7 in genomic profiles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The infection associated with isolates 6 and 7 was due to exogenous re-infection with F84 genotype virus, thus indicating the occurrence of exogenous HSV re-infection in oral-facial HSV infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition & Health Science, Faculty of Human Environmental Science, Fukuoka Woman's University, Fukuoka 813-8529, Japan. umene@fwu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umene
authors.forename: Fukiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oohashi
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Tadamitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kameyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012008:Recurrence; D012463:Saliva / Q000821:virology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013283:Stomatitis, Herpetic / Q000821:virology*; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral