title: Priming, induction and modulation of plant defence responses by bacterial lipopolysaccharides.
abstract: Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) have multiple roles in plant-microbe interactions. LPS contributes to the low permeability of the outer membrane, which acts as a barrier to protect bacteria from plant-derived antimicrobial substances. Conversely, perception of LPS by plant cells can lead to the triggering of defence responses or to the priming of the plant to respond more rapidly and/or to a greater degree to subsequent pathogen challenge. LPS from symbiotic bacteria can have quite different effects on plants to those of pathogens. Some details are emerging of the structures within LPS that are responsible for induction of these different plant responses. The lipid A moiety is not solely responsible for all of the effects of LPS in plants; core oligosaccharide and O-antigen components can elicit specific responses. Here, we review the effects of LPS in induction of defence-related responses in plants, the structures within LPS responsible for eliciting these effects and discuss the possible nature of the (as yet unidentified) LPS receptors in plants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark. mari@life.ku.dk
authors.forename: Mari-Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: J Maxwell
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dow
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molinaro
authors.forename: Michelangelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parrilli
mesh_terms: D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008050:Lipid A / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D018521:Plant Physiological Phenomena; D010944:Plants / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D008050:Lipid A; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides