title: Inwardly rectifying K(+) (Kir) channels antagonize ictal-like epileptiform activity in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus.
abstract: Reactive glial cells, for example, from patients with temporal lope epilepsy have a reduced density of inward rectifying K(+) (Kir) channels and thus a reduced K(+) buffering capacity. Evidence is accumulating that this downregulation of Kir channels could be implicated in epileptogenesis. In rat hippocampal brain slices, prolonged exposure to the nonselective Kir channel antagonist, Cs(+) (5 mM), gives rise to an epileptiform field potential (Cs-FP) in area CA1 composed of an initial positive (interictal-like) phase followed by a prolonged negative (ictal-like) phase. We have previously shown that the interictal-like phase depends on synaptic activation. The present study extends these findings by showing that the ictal-like phase of the Cs-FP is (i) sensitive to osmotic expansion of the extracellular space, (ii) reversed very quickly during wash out of Cs(+), and (iii) re-established in the presence of Ba(2+) (30-200 microM) or isosmotic low extracellular concentration of Na(+) ([Na(+)](o), 51.25 mM). The interictal-like phase showed less or no sensitivity to these treatments. In the complete absence of Cs(+), the Cs-FP could be fully reconstructed by the combined application of 4-aminopyridine (0.5 mM), an isosmotic high extracellular concentration of K(+) ([K(+)](o), 7 mM), and low [Na(+)](o) (51.25 mM). These results suggest that the interictal-like phase is initiated through synaptic activation and results from an unspecific increase in neuronal excitability, whereas the ictal-like phase is entirely dependent on blockade of Kir channels in CA1. We propose that glial dysfunction-related loss of Kir channels may not alone be sufficient for starting the induction process, but will likely increase the tendency of an epileptogenic process to proceed into seizure activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Aarhus, Arhus C, Denmark. ma@fi.au.dk
authors.forename: Mogens
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreasen
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skov
authors.forename: Steen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nedergaard
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001464:Barium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002586:Cesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012640:Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D002586:Cesium; D001464:Barium; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; D015761:4-Aminopyridine