title: Discrimination of wild and cultured european sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) using chemical and isotopic analyses.
abstract: Recent legislation in the European Union (EC/2065/2001) requires that seafood must provide the consumer with information that describes geographical origin and production method. The present studies aimed to establish methods, based on chemical and stable isotopic analysis, that could reliably differentiate between wild and farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). The study measured fatty acid and isotopic compositions (delta13C and delta18O) of total flesh oil, delta15N of the glycerol/choline fraction, and compound-specific analysis of fatty acids (delta13C) by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The sample set comprised 10 wild and 10 farmed sea bass from England (wild) and Scotland or Greece (farmed). Discrimination was achieved using fatty acid composition with 18:0, 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6, and 22:6n-3 providing the highest contributions for discrimination. Principal component analysis of the data set provided good discrimination between farmed and wild sea bass where factor 1 and factor 2 accounted for 60% of the variation in the data.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK. g.j.bell@stir.ac.uk
authors.forename: J Gordon
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Preston
authors.forename: R James
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Strachan
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bron
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Morrison
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001492:Bass / Q000145:classification*; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D004739:England; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D006115:Greece; D007554:Isotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D012606:Scotland
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007554:Isotopes; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes