title: Family expressed emotion prior to onset of psychosis.
abstract: This study compared components of expressed emotion (EE; rejection, warmth, protectiveness, and fusion) across three samples: two in which the subjects had an established schizophrenic or mood disorder, and a third in which the subjects were at high risk for an initial psychosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Family members rated themselves on the Social Adjustment Scale-III and, in the prodromal sample, estimated the duration of the prodrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scores were all but identical in the two established-disorder samples but were markedly higher than scores in the prodromal sample on all four factors. In mothers, warmth (decreasing), rejection, protectiveness, and fusion (increasing) were significantly correlated with duration of prodrome, whereas for fathers, warmth and protectiveness were similarly correlated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that expressed emotion is largely reactive to deterioration manifested by the young person developing a psychotic disorder, rather than a trait of family members.
authors.affiliation: University of Vermont, Center for Psychiatric Research, Maine Medical Center 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME 04102, USA. mcfarw@mmc.org
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: McFarlane
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004493:Education; D019260:Expressed Emotion; D005195:Family Relations; D005196:Family Therapy; D005260:Female; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D008875:Middle Aged; D010332:Paternal Behavior; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational / Q000523:psychology; D012059:Rejection, Psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012944:Social Support