title: Midkine is involved in tubulointerstitial inflammation associated with diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: The concept that inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy has been recently emerging, although the principal pathology of diabetic nephropathy comprises glomerular sclerosis and associated changes in nephrons. Here, we identified the growth factor midkine (MK) as a novel key molecule involved in inflammation associated with Streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. The tubulointerstitial damage, as assessed as morphological changes, osteopontin expression, collagen I deposition and macrophage infiltration, were strikingly less in MK-deficient (Mdk(-/-)) mice than in Mdk(+/+) mice. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 expression, but not that of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, was also lower in Mdk(-/-) mice. High glucose upregulated MK expression in primary-cultured tubular epithelial cells, and induced MCP-1 to a larger extent in Mdk(+/+) cells than in Mdk(-/-) cells. Correspondingly, the combination of exogenous MK and high glucose enhanced MCP-1 expression in Mdk(-/-) cells. Furthermore, high glucose and oxidant stress enhanced MK expression in macrophages. Consistent with the findings in the mouse model, MK expression was detected in the glomeruli, tubular epithelium and interstitium of kidneys from patients with diabetic nephropathy. Our data indicate that MK plays a critical role in the tubulointerstitial inflammation associated with diabetic nephropathy through activation of the MCP-1 pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kosugi
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuzawa
authors.forename: Waichi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Hanayo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arata-Kawai
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Noritoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kadomatsu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000172:deficiency / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000276:immunology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000276:immunology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008875:Middle Aged; D000078792:Midkine; D009395:Nephritis, Interstitial / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016207:Cytokines; D000078792:Midkine