Lipid mediators of insulin resistance.
Lipid abnormalities such as obesity, increased circulating free fatty acid levels, and excess intramyocellular lipid accumulation are frequently associated with insulin resistance. These observations have prompted investigators to speculate that the accumulation of lipids in tissues not suited for fat storage (e.g., skeletal muscle and liver) is an underlying component of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. We review the metabolic fates of lipids in insulin-responsive tissues and discuss the roles of specific lipid metabolites (e.g., ceramides, GM3 ganglioside, and diacylglycerol) as antagonists of insulin signaling and action.
Holland
William L
WL
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA.
Knotts
Trina A
TA
Chavez
Jose A
JA
Wang
Li-Ping
LP
Hoehn
Kyle L
KL
Summers
Scott A
SA
D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction
D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids