title: Local anesthesia for inguinal hernia repair in adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many centers use local anesthesia for adult inguinal hernia surgery in the setting of day-case surgery. There are no reports on, or guidelines for, use of anesthesia for inguinal hernia surgery in adolescents. We describe our initial experience with the use of local anesthesia and intravenous sedation for inguinal hernia surgery in adolescents in the setting of a day-surgery facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  The charts of 14 consecutive adolescent patients (aged 12-17) who had inguinal hernia surgery from July 2004 to March 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. Intravenous sedation was administered 1-3 min before injection of local anesthetic. Sedation consisted of midazolam 0.085 mg kg(-1) and either fentanyl 0.85 mug kg(-1) or ketamine 0.085 mg kg(-1), according to the preference of the anesthesiologist. Additional sedation with half the initial dose was administered if required. Local anesthesia using a combination of lignocaine and bupivacaine was administered by the surgeon with infiltration in the skin and deep tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen adolescents aged 12-17 years (mean 14.8 +/- 1.37), weighing 34-100 kg (mean 61.2 +/- 16.5), had 15 inguinal hernia repairs with sedation and local anesthesia. All the patients were male. All completed the surgery with sedation and local anesthesia. None required conversion to general anesthesia. There were no immediate or subsequent complications. Mean time from the end of surgery to discharge home was under 2 h (mean 106 +/- 36 min). Examination of patient charts did not reveal any complaints regarding the surgery or the postoperative course at the postoperative follow up visit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of local anesthesia with intravenous sedation for inguinal hernia repair in the adolescent age group seems feasible and requires further prospective study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Shaare Zedek Medical Center (Affliated with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev), PO Box 3235, Jerusalem 91031, Israel. olsha@szmc.org.il
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Olsha
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Odenheimer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frankel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D002045:Bupivacaine