title: Progressive dehydration causes a progressive decline in basketball skill performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of 1, 2, 3, and 4% dehydration (DEH) versus euhydration (EUH) on basketball performance in adult male players.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen 17- to 28-yr-old male basketball players completed 3 h of interval treadmill walking (40 degrees C and 20% relative humidity) with or without fluid replacement. Subjects completed six trials in random order: 1) EUH with a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES), 2) EUH control (flavored water with 0% carbohydrate and 18 mM sodium), 3) 1% DEH, 4) 2% DEH, 5) 3% DEH, and 6) 4% DEH. After a 70-min recovery period, subjects performed a sequence of continuous basketball drills designed to simulate a fast-paced game. Measures of overall skill performance during the 80-min game included 1) total time to complete basketball-specific movement drills (sprinting, defensive slides, sprinting-defensive slides combination, and repetitive jumping drills) and 2) total number of shots (foul-line and baseline jump shots, layups, three-point, 15-ft, free throws) made per game.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Performance during all timed and shooting drills declined progressively as % DEH increased. Total time to complete basketball-specific movement drills was slower (1%: + 7 +/- 6; 2%: + 20 +/- 5 (P < 0.05); 3%: + 26 +/- 7 (P < 0.005); 4%: + 57 +/- 9 (P < 0.0001) s), and fewer shots were made during DEH versus EUH control (1%: -5 +/- 1; 2%: -6 +/- 2 (P < 0.05); 3%: -8 +/- 2 (P < 0.005); 4%: -10 +/- 1 (P < 0.0001) shots made). There were no significant differences in performance between CES and EUH control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Basketball players experienced a progressive deterioration in performance as DEH progressed from 1 to 4%. The threshold, or % DEH at which the performance decrement reached statistical significance, was 2% for combined timed and shooting drills.
authors.affiliation: Noll Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6900, USA. lbb134@psu.edu
authors.forename: Lindsay B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Kelly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Dougherty
authors.forename: Mosuk
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: W Larry
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Kenney
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001490:Basketball; D003681:Dehydration / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004326:Drinking; D018882:Heat Stress Disorders; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis