Oculocutaneous albinism in a rural community of South Africa: a population genetic study.
Oculocutaneous albinism type II (OCA2), the most common form of albinism worldwide, is prevalent throughout sub-Saharan Africa. The hypopigmentory phenotype distinguishes affected individuals as 'different' in a black population, resulting in problems of social acceptance and integration. Health issues include constant, lifelong sun-induced skin damage and poor vision. This study determined the frequency and distribution of albinism among the Vhavenda ethnic group living in the relatively low-income north of South Africa in a clan-oriented society. A retrospective study of birth records from regional hospitals gave an incidence of OCA of 1 in 1970, whereas a survey of mainstream schools gave a frequency of only one pupil with albinism in 13,319 as most affected children attended the regional special school. A community-based field study of 35 rural villages gave a prevalence of 1 in 2239 for OCA. One clan, the Vhatavhatsindi, had a significantly higher frequency of 1 in 832. This epidemiological study provides the necessary data for developing health care and welfare system for families affected by albinism in this region.
Lund
P M
PM
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Bimolecular and Sports Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK. p.lund@coventry.ac.uk
Maluleke
T G
TG
Gaigher
I
I
Gaigher
M J
MJ
D016115:Albinism, Oculocutaneous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D001719:Birth Certificates; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D020380:Needs Assessment; D011153:Population; D044382:Population Groups / Q000235:genetics; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012424:Rural Population; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology