title: The tyrosine kinase inhibitor AMN107 (Nilotinib) exhibits off-target effects in lymphoblastic cell lines.
abstract: The aminopyrimidine inhibitor AMN107 (Nilotinib) was rationally designed to antagonize the aberrant tyrosine kinase activity of Bcr-Abl-positive cells. We here evaluated, whether AMN107 is also able to induce apoptosis in Bcr-Abl-negative cells of lymphatic origin. The B-cell lines DOHH-2 and WSU-NHL and the T-cell lines Jurkat and HUT78 were incubated with increasing amounts of AMN107 corresponding to clinically achievable dosages. Subsequently, induced molecular changes were assessed by FACS analysis, Western blot, and enzyme activity assays. Although AMN107 exhibited only a minor apoptosis-inducing effect in the T-cell lines, it exerted a considerable, dose-dependent cytotoxicity in the B-cell lines. Using selective caspase-inhibitors, we show that apoptosis in responder cell lines critically relies on activation of caspase-6 and caspase-9. Cell lines sensitive and resistant towards AMN107 can be discriminated by their differential expression of Src-kinases. Although the AMN107-sensitive cell lines DOHH-2 and WSU-NHL exhibited low or no expression of the Src-kinases Lck, phosphorylated Lck, and Yes with a concomitant high expression of Hck, Lyn, and phosphorylated Lyn, the expression pattern of these kinases was inverse in the AMN107-resistant T-cell lines. In conclusion, this is the first report providing evidence that activity of AMN107 is not restricted to Bcr-Abl, c-Kit, or PDGFR-positive cells, but also extends to lymphatic cell lines of B-cell origin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine II, Hematology and Oncology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital. Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Kai Uwe
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trepohl
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hochmuth
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoelzer
authors.forename: Paris S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Mitrou
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: Oliver Gerhard
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Ottmann
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boehrer
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D007945:Leukemia, Lymphoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D019061:src-Family Kinases; C498826:nilotinib