title: Alcohol, smoking, and body size in relation to incident Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma risk.
abstract: Studies associate alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and body size with the risk of overall or subtype lymphoma. Current data come mostly from case-control studies or prospective studies with few cases. In the prospective National Institutes of Health-former American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study, the authors assessed the above lifestyle factors via baseline questionnaire among 285,079 men and 188,905 women aged 50-71 years and ascertained histologically confirmed Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 58) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 1,381) cases through linkage with cancer registries from 1995 to 2000. Compared with nondrinkers, alcohol consumers had a lower risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma overall (for >28 drinks/week: adjusted relative risk (RR) = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59, 1.00; p(trend) among drinkers = 0.02) and for its main subtypes. Compared with never smokers, current smokers and recent quitters (<or=4 years ago) had higher risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma (RR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.04, 4.89; RR = 4.20, 95% CI: 1.94, 9.09, respectively), whereas current or former smokers had lower risk of follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (RR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.86). Severe obesity (body mass index of >or=35: RR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.64) and taller height (RR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.38) were associated moderately with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. These findings add to the evidence that lifestyle factors and relevant anthropometric characteristics play a role in lymphoma etiology.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. limu@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Unhee
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Lindsay M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: Amy F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Subar
authors.forename: Dalsu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baris
authors.forename: Rachael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stolzenberg-Solomon
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leitzmann
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kipnis
authors.forename: Traci
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mouw
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schatzkin
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hartge
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000886:Anthropometry; D049628:Body Size; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018426:SEER Program; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology