title: Aprotinin use in cardiac surgery patients at low risk for requiring blood transfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if aprotinin is safe and effective in patients at low risk for requiring blood transfusion after cardiac surgery by evaluating whether there is any significant difference in blood product use or other significant clinical outcomes between patients who received aprotinin versus those who did not.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inpatient community nonteaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred thirty-five patients who underwent primary cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass between November 1, 2003, and December 31, 2005, and were considered at low risk for requiring postoperative blood transfusion; 162 patients received aprotinin and 173 patients received aminocaproic acid (control).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison of patients in the aprotinin group versus those in the aminocaproic acid group revealed no difference in total donor exposures to blood products (1.86 vs 1.16 units/patient, p=0.07), total packed red blood cells (PRBCs) received (1.25 vs 0.86 units/patient, p=0.09), postoperative donor exposures to blood products (0.91 vs 0.48 unit/patient, p=0.13), or postoperative PRBCs received (0.61 vs 0.40 unit/patient, p=0.23). No difference was noted in any other clinical outcome in the aprotinin group versus the aminocaproic acid group, including postoperative azotemia (13.0% vs 10.4%, p=0.46), new onset of atrial fibrillation (14.8% vs 15.0%, p=0.95), myocardial infarction, stroke, or death. Mean +/- SD total hospital length of stay was similar in the aprotinin group versus the aminocaproic acid group (8.1 +/- 3.8 vs 7.4 +/- 2.8 days, p=0.08), but length of stay from surgery to discharge was longer in the aprotinin group than in the aminocaproic acid group (5.9 +/- 0.17 vs 5.4 +/- 0.12 days, p=0.032).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although aprotinin appeared to be safe in this low-risk patient population, it was not more effective than aminocaproic acid in reducing blood product use after cardiac surgery. More robust evidence is needed from a controlled randomized trial to demonstrate the safety, efficacy, and pharmacoeconomic benefit of aprotinin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18766, USA.
authors.forename: Judith L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kristeller
authors.forename: Russell F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Roslund
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roke-Thomas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015119:Aminocaproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007611:Aprotinin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D007611:Aprotinin; D015119:Aminocaproic Acid