title: Increased expression of 5-lipoxygenase is common in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: The clinical behaviour of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (CC-RCC) is often unpredictable. To fully understand the signaling pathways involved in CC-RCC development, we examined whether the 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO), which catalyzes the biosynthesis of proinflammatory leukotrienes, is involved in renal tumorigenesis. By analyzing 46 snap-frozen primary renal cell carcinomas and their corresponding normal renal cortex biopsies, 5-LO protein levels were found to be significantly increased in the majority of CC-RCCs (P<0.001). Quantitative 5-LO mRNA expression analysis revealed up to 3-fold increased expression in the tumor tissues. There was no association between 5-LO and gender, grade or vein invasion. In contrast, increased 5-LO protein and mRNA correlated with large tumor size (>4 cm) and age of patients (P<0.001). 5-LO was frequently overexpressed in von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL)-reduced tumors and in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-positive tumors, which represent two frequent alterations in CC-RCC. Cell culture experiments demonstrated that VEGF expression was strongly inducible by 5-LO metabolites in RCC cell lines. The loss of pVHL expression led to high basal 5-LO and VEGF expression, which were markedly reduced by transfection with 5-LO small interfering RNA (siRNA). These results suggest that 5-LO up-regulation is an important step in renal cancer progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology and Innovative Therapies, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faronato
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muzzonigro
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Milanese
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Menna
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bonfigli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Procopio
mesh_terms: D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C108825:VBP1 protein, human; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase