title: Intratumoral injection of inactivated Sendai virus particles elicits strong antitumor activity by enhancing local CXCL10 expression and systemic NK cell activation.
abstract: We have already demonstrated that inactivated, replication-defective Sendai virus particles (HVJ-E) have a powerful antitumor effect by both the generation of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells and inhibition of regulatory T cell activity. Here, we report that HVJ-E also has an antitumor effect through non-T cell immunity. Microarray analysis revealed that direct injection of HVJ-E induced the expression of CXCL10 in established Renca tumors. CXCL10 was secreted by dendritic cells in the tumors after HVJ-E injection. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry revealed that CXCR3+ cells (predominantly NK cells) infiltrated the HVJ-E-injected tumors. Moreover, HVJ-E injection caused systemic activation of NK cells and enhanced their cytotoxity against tumor cells. In an in vivo experiment, approximately 50% of tumors were eradicated by HVJ-E injection, and this activity of HVJ-E against Renca tumors was largely abolished by NK cell depletion using anti-asialo GM1 antibody. Since HVJ-E injection induced systemic antitumor immunity by enhancing or correcting the chemokine-chemokine receptor axis, it might be a potential new therapy for cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gene Therapy Science, Osaka University Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujihara
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurooka
authors.forename: Tsuneharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005814:Genes, Viral; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D029082:Sendai virus / Q000276:immunology; D014771:Virion / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D012333:RNA, Messenger