title: Pharmacodynamic effects of telavancin against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains in the presence of human albumin or serum and in an in vitro kinetic model.
abstract: Telavancin is a novel bactericidal lipoglycopeptide with multiple mechanisms of action against gram-positive pathogens. The aim of this study was to describe the dynamics of the antimicrobial effect of telavancin against two strains of Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible and methicillin resistant) in an in vitro kinetic model with simulated human pharmacokinetics. Also, static experiments were performed to determine the rate and extent of killing by telavancin in the presence and absence of human albumin and human serum. Experiments in broth and in nutrient-depleted medium were performed to study the rate and extent of killing by telavancin of bacteria in different growth phases. In the in vitro kinetic model regrowth was noted at 24 h for both strains when exposed to initial concentrations below 5 mg/liter. There was a >3-log(10) killing at all concentrations from 0.5x MIC and above at 24 h both in broth and in the presence of 40-g/liter human albumin. In contrast to the methicillin-susceptible strain, the methicillin-resistant strain in 40-g/liter human albumin showed a regrowth at concentrations of 0.5x MIC and 1x MIC at 24 h. At all the other concentrations >3-log(10) killing was seen at 24 h. Concordant results were seen in 50% human serum. At a target area under the curve/MIC ratio of 50 (corresponding to the human dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight, administered intravenously), >3-log(10) killing was observed at 6 to 8 h. Unlike most antibiotics, telavancin was able to kill both strains in a nongrowing phase.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. inga.odenholt@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Odenholt
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Löwdin
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cars
mesh_terms: D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003470:Culture Media; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D000077427:Lipoglycopeptides; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015233:Models, Statistical; D044967:Serum; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D000077427:Lipoglycopeptides; D012709:Serum Albumin; C487637:telavancin