title: Plasma homocysteine, folate and B12 in chronic schizophrenia.
abstract: Elevated plasma levels of the amino acid homocysteine have been associated with schizophrenia, particularly in young male patients. Among other factors, low folate and vitamin B12 levels have been implicated in the increase in homocysteine. In order to investigate this association, we determined plasma homocysteine, folate and B12 levels in 97 (67 males and 30 females) inpatients with chronic schizophrenia and 103 (46 males and 57 females) controls. Patients and controls did not differ in folate or B12 levels, after adjusting for age. Patients with schizophrenia had higher plasma homocysteine than controls (mean=15.42 micromol/l in cases versus 11.54 micromol/l in controls: F(1,195)=17.978; p<0.001). This difference persisted after controlling for folate and B12 concentrations. Both male and female patients had increased plasma homocysteine compared to controls [(males: mean=16.61 micromol/l in cases versus mean=13.72 in controls: F(1,110)=5.54; p=0.020) (females: mean=12.78 micromol/l in cases versus mean=9.79 micromol/l in controls: F(1,84)=13.54; p<0.001)]. When dividing our sample into two age groups (age < and > or =50 years), both young and older females and younger males with schizophrenia had increased plasma homocysteine compared to controls. We therefore suggest that homocysteinemia is a general risk factor for schizophrenia. We further suggest that it is not limited to young male patients and is not necessarily associated with low folate or B12 levels.
authors.affiliation: 8th Psychiatric Department, Psychiatric Hospital of Attica, 374 Kavalas ave, 12462 Athens, Greece. dralex@otenet.gr
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haidemenos
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kontis
authors.forename: Anthia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gazi
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kallai
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allin
authors.forename: Boniatsi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lucia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood*; D012737:Sex Factors; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12