title: Insulin resistance in human subjects having impaired glucose regulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine insulin resistance in human subjects having impaired glucose regulation (IGR) by Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative cross-sectional study. DURATION OF THE STUDY: This study was carried out between September 2004 to September 2005, at the Department of Chemical Pathology and Clinical Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 100 subjects with impaired glucose regulation were selected for evaluation of metabolic syndrome as per the criteria of National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP, ATP III), along with 47 healthy age and gender-matched controls. Physical examination to determine blood pressure and waist circumference was carried out and so was sampling for plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and insulin. Insulin resistance was calculated by the HOMA-IR. Finally, subjects with and without metabolic syndrome were compared with controls (n=47), using one-way ANOVA for studying insulin resistance between groups, with Tukey's post-hoc comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of finding metabolic syndrome in cases of IGR remained 47%. The insulin resistance demonstrated stepwise worsening from control population (mean=1.54, 95 % CI: 1.77-2.37) to subjects suffering from only IGR (mean=2.07, 95 % CI: 1.77-2.37) to metabolic syndrome (mean= 2.67, 95 %, CI: 2.34 - 3.00) [p<0.001].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with impaired glucose regulation may have significant insulin resistance. It is, thus, recommended that a vigorous search be made to measure insulin resistance in all cases diagnosed to have impaired glucose regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, PNS Rahat, Karachi. sik_cpsp@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sikandar Hayat
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Farooq Ahmad
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Aamir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ijaz
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dilawar
authors.forename: Rizwan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hashim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D014280:Triglycerides