title: Structure-based activity prediction for an enzyme of unknown function.
abstract: With many genomes sequenced, a pressing challenge in biology is predicting the function of the proteins that the genes encode. When proteins are unrelated to others of known activity, bioinformatics inference for function becomes problematic. It would thus be useful to interrogate protein structures for function directly. Here, we predict the function of an enzyme of unknown activity, Tm0936 from Thermotoga maritima, by docking high-energy intermediate forms of thousands of candidate metabolites. The docking hit list was dominated by adenine analogues, which appeared to undergo C6-deamination. Four of these, including 5-methylthioadenosine and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), were tested as substrates, and three had substantial catalytic rate constants (10(5) M(-1 )s(-1)). The X-ray crystal structure of the complex between Tm0936 and the product resulting from the deamination of SAH, S-inosylhomocysteine, was determined, and it corresponded closely to the predicted structure. The deaminated products can be further metabolized by T. maritima in a previously uncharacterized SAH degradation pathway. Structure-based docking with high-energy forms of potential substrates may be a useful tool to annotate enzymes for function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, MC 2550 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, California 94158-2330, USA.
authors.forename: Johannes C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marti-Arbona
authors.forename: Alexander A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fedorov
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fedorov
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Almo
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Shoichet
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Raushel
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D002384:Catalysis; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D003641:Deamination; D003839:Deoxyadenosines / Q000378:metabolism; D004798:Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D007288:Inosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012435:S-Adenosylhomocysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D020124:Thermotoga maritima / Q000201:enzymology*; D013872:Thionucleosides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003839:Deoxyadenosines; D004798:Enzymes; D013872:Thionucleosides; D006710:Homocysteine; C057008:S-inosylhomocysteine; D007288:Inosine; C008500:5'-methylthioadenosine; D012435:S-Adenosylhomocysteine; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases; C062075:S-adenosylhomocysteine deaminase; D000225:Adenine