title: [The prevalence of postural disorders in children and adolescents: a cross sectional study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postural insufficiency in children and adolescents is considered as a risk factor for back pain. The evaluation is performed through the Matthiass arm-raising test, a visual test procedure with a high risk of subjective interpretation. Therefore, the prevalence data for postural insufficiency differ over a wide range in the literature. This study is focuses on the prevalence of postural insufficiency before and during adolescence with an objective test procedure and a more accurate interpretation of the Matthiass arm-raising test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pictures of 663 children, examined through the photographically documented Matthiass arm-raising test, were measured with specially developed software on the monitor. The degree of body trunk inclination indicating the postural stability power allows one to accurately define the following categories: postural stability, postural impairment and postural decline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  34% of children at the age of 8 to 9 years show a postural insufficiency which is evenly distributed between postural impairment and postural decline for both genders. At the age of 11 to 14 years, postural insufficiency decreases to 19%. The decline, especially for severe forms, is predominant in boys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Before the adolescence period, postural insufficiency is distributed evenly with regard to both form and gender, while a noticeable decline shows up as the age increases. The decline for girls seems to be less caused by the earlier entry into adolescence.
authors.affiliation: praxis@dr-mahlknecht.it
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mahlknecht
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004856:Postural Balance; D011187:Posture; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000379:methods*