title: Comparative mutational profiles of the environmental mammary carcinogen, 6-nitrochrysene and its metabolites in a lacI mammary epithelial cell line.
abstract: The dietary and environmental agent, 6-nitrochrysene (6-NC) is a powerful mammary carcinogen and mutagen in rats. It is known to be metabolized by ring-oxidation, nitro-reduction and a combination of the two pathways. In order to determine the ultimate mutagenic metabolites, we have compared the previously determined mutational profile of 6-NC in rat mammary gland [T. Boyiri, et al. (2004) Carcinogenesis, 25, 637-643] with that of five of its known metabolites in the cII gene of lacI mammary epithelial cells in vitro. In vivo, 6-NC gives rise to three major mutations, AT > GC, AT > TA and GC > TA (in decreasing order) which comprise >70% of the mutations. The metabolite whose mutational profile was most similar to that of 6-NC in vivo was trans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-N-hydroxy-6-aminochrysene (1,2-DHD-6-NHOH-C) which arises from both ring-oxidation and nitro-reduction. However, metabolites arising from either ring-oxidation or nitro-reduction alone exhibited some similarities to mutational profile of 6-NC. These results, taken in conjunction with previous data showing that the major DNA adducts in mammary tissue of rats treated with 6-NC are products of the reaction of 1,2-DHD-6-NHOH-C with guanine and adenine, make a strong case that 1,2-DHD-6-NHOH-C is the ultimate genotoxic metabolite from 6-NC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Guttenplan
authors.forename: Zhong-lin
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Wieslawa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kosinska
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krzeminski
authors.forename: Yuan-Wan
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Shantu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: Karam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: El-Bayoumy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D002911:Chrysenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D017931:DNA Primers; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D002911:Chrysenes; D017931:DNA Primers; D009153:Mutagens; C035986:6-nitrochrysene