title: Macrocephaly, increased intracranial pressure, and hydrocephalus in the infant and young child.
abstract: Macrocephaly, increased intracranial pressure, and hydrocephalus are common related conditions that lead to cross-sectional imaging of the infant and young child. Imaging plays a central role in establishing the diagnosis and guiding disposition and treatment of these patients. In this review, a general overview is provided, and the more common causes of hydrocephalus are presented, including posthemorrhage, postinfection, developmental malformations, and masses. Imaging guidelines are also outlined for initial evaluation and follow-up, along with a discussion of the imaging features of shunt malfunction.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandra T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Vertinsky
authors.forename: Patrick D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Barnes
mesh_terms: D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000009:adverse effects; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D012886:Skull / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014696:Ventriculostomy