title: Phenylacetic acid and arterial vascular properties in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5 on hemodialysis therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phenylacetic acid (PAA) is a recently described uremic toxin that inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and plasma membrane calcium ATPase and may therefore also be involved in remodeling of arteries. Such vascular effects have not been evaluated yet in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively measured the plasma concentrations of PAA using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 50 patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5 (37 men, 13 women) on maintenance hemodialysis. Arterial vascular properties were quantified by the reflective index obtained from digital photoplethysmography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the hemodialysis session the plasma PAA concentration was reduced from 3.38 +/- 0.24 mmol/l (mean +/- SEM; median, 2.85 mmol/l; interquartile range, 2.02-4.52 mmol/l) to 2.25 +/- 0.11 mmol/l (median, 2.06 mmol/l; interquartile range, 1.62-2.86 mmol/l; n = 50; p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between the PAA concentration and the reflective index before the start of the hemodialysis session.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrates an association of PAA and arterial vascular properties in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik IV, Nephrologie, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scholze
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jankowski
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.forename: Wiltrud
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Haass
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wittstock
authors.forename: Sukhbaatar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suvd-Erdene
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zidek
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tepel
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jankowski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001158:Arteries / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010648:Phenylacetates / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010648:Phenylacetates; C025136:phenylacetic acid