title: Root and canal morphology of maxillary first and second permanent molar teeth in a Ugandan population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the root and canal morphology of permanent maxillary molar teeth from a Ugandan population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maxillary first (n = 221) and second molar (n = 221) teeth were collected from patients attending dental clinics in Kampala. Teeth were prepared using a clearing technique: the pulp chambers were accessed and the teeth placed consecutively into 5% sodium hypochlorite, 10% nitric acid, then methyl salicylate. Indian ink was injected into the pulp chambers to demonstrate the canal system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first molars, 95.9% of the teeth had separate roots. The mesiobuccal root was fused with the palatal root in 3% of specimens and with the distobuccal root in 0.5% of teeth. In the second molars, 86% of the teeth had separate roots. The mesiobuccal root was fused with the palatal root in 6.3% of specimens and with the distobuccal root in 6.8% of teeth. Apical deltas were more frequent in the mesiobuccal root when compared with distobuccal and palatal roots of both the first and second molars. A type I canal configuration (>75%) was the most frequent in all the roots of both the first and second molars. Canal intercommunications and lateral canals were more frequent in the mesiobuccal root when compared with other roots.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mesiobuccal root tended to have more variations in the canal system followed by the distobuccal root, whereas the palatal root had the least. The findings in root and canal morphology of this Ugandan population were different from previous studies, which may partly be attributed to racial differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. mrwenyonyi@med.mak.ac.ug
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rwenyonyi
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kutesa
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Muwazi
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Buwembo
mesh_terms: D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D019229:Dentition, Permanent; D006801:Humans; D008963:Molar / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014454:Uganda