title: Soil amendment with dried weed leaves as non-chemical approach for the management of Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato.
abstract: In pot trial, dried ground weed leaves of Cynodon dactylon, Datura stramonium, Eichhomia crassipes, Emex spinosus, Ricinus communis and Sisymbrium irio were mixed with soil at the rate of 1, 3, 5 and 10 g/kg soil and compared their nematicidal potential with carbofuran as a standard against the root-knot nematode, M. incognita infecting tomato. In addition, their effects on growth rate of tomato plants were also investigated. The results showed that M. incognita populations in the soil and root galling were significantly suppressed when the dried leaves of the tested weeds at all rates were allowed to decompose in the soil. All amendments exhibited varying degree of reduction compared to control. The highest reduction was noticeable with the plants grown in Sisymbrium irio amended soil followed by Datura stramonium and Emex spinosus. In addition, employing high rate of the tested weeds gave higher activity in suppressing the nematode both in the soil and in tomato roots than using low rate. The data also indicated that all amendments at low rates significantly increased growth indices of tomato over control treatment, except Cynodon dactylon and Emex spinosus which decreased it, particularly in the shoot system. On the other hand, their high rates showed phytotoxic effects. These weed species may offer considerable promise as soil amendments for control of root-knot nematode, M. incognita.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pesticide Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Radwan
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Abu-Elamayem
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kassem
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: El-Maadawy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D031744:Cynodon; D013286:Datura stramonium; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D031806:Eichhornia; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000469:parasitology*; D008372:Manure; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000502:physiology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000469:parasitology; D006109:Poaceae; D012278:Ricinus; D012987:Soil / Q000469:parasitology; D013045:Species Specificity; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil