title: Facial symmetry in unilateral cleft lip and palate following alar base augmentation with bone graft: a three-dimensional assessment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of bone grafting using a corticocancellous block of iliac crest to reconstruct the support for the deformed, volume-deficient alar base in treated patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). The main outcome being measured was nasal symmetry.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective study using a noninvasive three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry system (C3D) to assess the position of the alar base. Images were captured immediately preoperatively and at 6 months following the augmentation of the alar base with a block of bone graft. These images were used to calculate facial symmetry scores and were compared using a two sample Student's t test to assess the efficacy of the surgical method in reducing facial/nasal asymmetry.
  
  
  METHODS
  This investigation was conducted on 18 patients with one patient failing to attend for follow-up. The results for 17 patients are presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Facial symmetry scores improved significantly following the insertion of the bone graft at the deficient alar base (p=0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D stereophotogrammetry is a noninvasive, accurate, and archiveable method of assessing facial form and surgical change. Nasal symmetry can be quantified and measured reliably with this tool. Bone grafting to the alar base region of treated UCLP patients with volume deficiency produces improvement in nasal symmetry.
authors.affiliation: Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Southern General Hospital, and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK. Mark.Devlin@sgh.scot.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Devlin
authors.forename: Arup
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raine
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.forename: Ashraf F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ayoub
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000473:pathology; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010780:Photogrammetry / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric