title: Human serum paraoxonase concentration predicts cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human serum paraoxonase (PON1) is associated with high-density lipoprotein, and inhibits oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein. Therefore, PON1 is supposed to contribute to the prevention of atherosclerosis. We and other investigators have shown that the enzymatic activities and concentrations of PON1 were decreased in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, the effect of PON1 status on the long-term outcome of HD patients has not been reported. In this study, we examined the association between baseline PON 1 status and cardiovascular mortality in an observation study of an outpatient HD population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relation between baseline cardiovascular risk factors and clinical events was investigated, during 6 years of follow-up, in 81 HD patients (50 males and 31 females) whose enzymatic activities, concentrations and genetic polymorphisms of PON1 had been determined in a previous study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up for 6 years, we recorded 42 deaths, including 24 fatal cardiovascular events. In univariate analyses, baseline PON1 concentration was associated with not only cardiovascular mortality (p < 0.005), but also all-cause mortality (p < 0.001) during the period of follow-up, as were age, preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hemoglobin concentration. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, PON1 concentration retained significant associations with cardiovascular mortality (p < 0.05) and all-cause mortality (p < 0.005) even after correction of known risk factors for CVD or mortality in HD patients. Using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, we assessed the association between low and high concentrations of PON1 divided according to the median value (7.52 U/ml). Significantly increased cardiovascular mortality (log rank 6.125, p = 0.01) and all-cause mortality (log rank 7.113, p < 0.01) were detected in the patients with low PON1 concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that low PON 1 concentration may be an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in maintenance HD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Japan. ikeday@kochi-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suehiro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itahara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chikazawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arii
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase