title: Interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia using the standard ventrodorsal hip-extended radiographic method.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the agreement between observers and to investigate the effect of observer experience in diagnosing canine hip dysplasia and providing final scoring of hips using the standard ventrodorsal hip-extended radiographic method. The agreement of the final scoring, with a presumed correct assessment based on the Norberg angle, is also investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty observers were requested to read 50 ventrodorsal hip-extended radiographs of 25 dogs according to Federation Cynologique International criteria. Groups of experienced (nine members) and inexperienced (21 members) observers were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For providing the distinction between dysplastic versus non-dysplastic dogs, the average interobserver agreement was 72 per cent and was significantly higher (P<0.0001) than the score that could be expected by chance without any agreement between observers. For providing the final score (A, B, C, D or E), an average interobserver agreement of 43.6 per cent was found. In the experienced group, an agreement score of 76 per cent was found for the distinction between AB versus non-AB and an agreement score of 81 per cent was found for the distinction between C versus non-C. The agreement score was significantly higher (P<0.0001) for the experienced group than for the inexperienced group in all cases. Agreement between the presumed correct assessment based on the Norberg angle and the observer's evaluation was low (P=0.35), irrespective of whether the observers were experienced (71.8 per cent correct assessments) or inexperienced (69 per cent correct assessments).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although interobserver agreement is low, observer experience increases agreement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9130 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verhoeven
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coopman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duchateau
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Rijssen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Bree
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004285:Dogs; D005060:Europe; D006619:Hip Dysplasia, Canine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011859:Radiography / Q000662:veterinary