title: Digital color image watermarking based on phase-shifting interferometry and neighboring pixel value subtraction algorithm in the discrete-cosine-transform domain.
abstract: A novel single-channel color-image watermarking with digital-optics means based on phase-shifting interferometry (PSI) and a neighboring pixel value subtraction algorithm in the discrete-cosine-transform (DCT) domain is proposed. The converted two-dimensional indexed image matrix from an original color image is encrypted to four interferograms by a PSI and double random-phase encoding technique. Then the interferograms are embedded in one chosen channel of an enlarged color host image in the DCT domain. The hidden color image can be retrieved by DCT, the improved neighboring pixel value subtraction algorithm, an inverse encryption process, and color image format conversion. The feasibility of this method and its robustness against some types of distortion and attacks from the superposed image with different weighting factors are verified and analyzed by computer simulations. This approach can avoid the cross-talk noise due to direct information superposition, enhance the imperceptibility of hidden data, and improve the efficiency of data transmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optics, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Lu-Zhong
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Xiu-Lun
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xian-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Guo-Yan
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Xiao-Xia
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yu-Rong
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Wang