title: Gene expression time course in the human skin during elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis.
abstract: Genes involved in the inflammatory response resulting in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) are only partly known. In this study, we introduce the use of high-density oligonucleotide arrays for gene expression profiling in human skin during the elicitation of ACD. Skin biopsies from normal and nickel-exposed skin were obtained from seven nickel-allergic patients and five nonallergic controls at four different time points during elicitation of eczema. Each gene expression profile was analyzed by hybridization to high-density oligonucleotide arrays. Cluster analysis of 74 genes found to be differentially expressed in the patients over time revealed that the patient samples may be categorized into two groups: an early time-point group (no clinical reaction) and a late time-point group (clinical reaction). Bioinformatics analyses unraveled the potential involvement of signal transducers and activator of transcription and small/mothers against decepentaplegic (SMAD) transcription factors in the late time-point gene expression patterns. Concerning specific genes, the homeostatic chemokine CCL19 was unexpectedly found to be highly expressed in cells scattered in the deep dermis of the late time-point samples. Taken together, these findings suggest hitherto unknown roles of SMAD transcription factors and of CCL19 in the elicitation phase of ACD.
authors.affiliation: The National Allergy Research Centre for Consumer Products, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Malene B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Lone
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Skov
authors.forename: Torkil
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Menné
authors.forename: Jeanne D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D054415:Chemokine CCL19; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C515460:CCL19 protein, human; D054415:Chemokine CCL19; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D051785:Smad Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta