title: Effect of drug transporter genotypes on pravastatin disposition in European- and African-American participants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aims were to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms in the hepatic drug uptake transporter organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1, SLCO1B1) and efflux transporters multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2, ABCC2), bile salt export pump (BSEP, ABCB11), and breast cancer-related protein (BCRP, ABCG2) on single-dose pravastatin pharmacokinetics in healthy European- and African-American participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pharmacokinetics of a single oral 40 mg dose of pravastatin was determined in 107 participants (69 European-Americans and 38 African-Americans). Participants were genotyped for known OATP1B1, MRP2, BSEP, and BCRP polymorphisms. Baseline serum total and unconjugated plasma bilirubin concentrations were also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OATP1B1 genotypes were ethnicity-dependent with a 521C allele frequency of approximately 15% in European-Americans and approximately 1% in African-Americans. SLCO1B1 521TC genotype was associated with significantly higher pravastatin area under the curve [AUC(0-5)] (P=0.01) and Cmax values (P<0.05). When analyzed by diplotype, SLCO1B1*1a/*15 (N=8) participants exhibited 45 and 80% higher AUC values than SLCO1B1*1a/*1a (N=29) (P=0.013) and SLCO1B1*1b/*1b (N=34) (P=0.001) carriers, respectively. SLCO1B1*15/*15 (N=2) participants exhibited 92 and 149% higher AUC values than SLCO1B1*1a/*1a (P=0.017) and SLCO1B1*1b/*1b (P=0.011) carriers, respectively. European-Americans had significantly higher plasma pravastatin AUC(0-5) (P=0.01) and Cmax values (P=0.009) than African-Americans. Neither ABCC2, ABCB11, nor ABCG2 genotypes were associated with differences in pravastatin pharmacokinetics. We did not observe an effect of SLCO1B1 genotype on baseline total or unconjugated bilirubin levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLCO1B1 genotype, in particular the 521C allele, had a significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of pravastatin. Even when adjusted for the presence of the SLCO1B1 521C or 388G variant allele, European-Americans demonstrated significantly higher pravastatin AUC and Cmax values than African-Americans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Wooin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mayo
authors.forename: Ute I
authors.initials: UI
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Rommel G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Tirona
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: C Michael
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017035:Pravastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology*
chemical_list: C000715087:ABCC2 protein, human; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D017035:Pravastatin; D001663:Bilirubin