title: Human maxillary tuberosity and jaw periosteum as sources of osteoprogenitor cells for tissue engineering.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bone tissue engineering is a promising approach for bone reconstruction in oral-maxillofacial surgery. This study investigates the suitability of oral skeletal tissues as convenient and accessible sources of osteogenic progenitors as an alternative to the iliac crest bone marrow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of maxilla tuberosity (MT) and maxillary and mandibular periosteum (MP) were obtained during routine oral surgery, and donor site morbidity was assessed using a "split-mouth" approach. Cells isolated from MT (bone marrow stromal cells; MT-BMSCs) and from MP (periosteal cells; M-PCs), were analyzed for clonogenicity, phenotype, expression of osteogenic markers, and ability to form bone in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both MT-BMSCs and M-PCs included clonogenic cells, showed comparable phenotypic profiles, and expressed early osteogenic markers. Most importantly, both cell populations formed bone upon ectopic in vivo transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MT-BMSCs and M-PCs behaved as osteoprogenitor cells in vitro and in vivo. MT and MP may be considered as suitable sources of cells for bone tissue engineering in humans.
authors.affiliation: Departamento di Scienze Odontostomatologiche, Universitá La Sapienze, Romae, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cicconetti
authors.forename: Benedetto
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sacchetti
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bartoli
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michienzi
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corsi
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Funari
authors.forename: Pamela Gehron
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Robey
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: Mara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riminucci
mesh_terms: D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000166:cytology*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D010521:Periosteum / Q000166:cytology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; C087521:ADP-ribosyl cyclase 2