title: Validation in Spanish population of the family objective and subjective burden interview (ECFOS-II) for relatives of patients with schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The family burden experienced by caregivers of people with schizophrenia is one of the most relevant consequences of this disorder. This paper aims to show the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the Family Burden Interview Schedule (FBIS) designed to assess objective and subjective family burden for people with schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  cross sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  356 patients fulfilling DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia from four Spanish geographic areas (Barcelona, Madrid, Pamplona and Granada) and 205 main caregivers of these patients were assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  caregivers were assessed with the Family Burden Interview Schedule (FBIS) Spanish version (ECFOS-II), which assesses family burden in eight different modules: activities of daily living, disrupted behaviors restraint, expenses, caregiver's routine, concern, help, repercussions on health, and assessment of general burden. Patients were also assessed with PANSS, DAS-sv and GAF.
  
  
  METHODS
  in order to assess internal consistency, parametrical tests of Cronbach's alpha were undertaken. To compute test-retest reliability Cohen's kappa and Weighted kappa were used. A principal component analysis was undertaken for assessing construct validity. Convergent validity was assessed with Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients respectively, relating the instrument with the psychopathological (PANSS) and disability scale (DAS-sv) and general functioning (GAF). Moreover, a description of the viability of the ECFOS-II was described by a questionnaire especially designed for this purpose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.85 for the global assessment. Test-retest coefficients were very high, both for Cohen's kappa and for Weighted kappa, most values being between 0.61 and 1. Principal component analysis detected four factors that coincide with the modules of the original schedule. In the convergent validity we found that these factors are related with the symptom, disability and global functioning characteristics of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ECFOS-II results in a valid and reliable instrument for assessing family burden experienced by caregivers of people with schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Unit, Fundación de Investigación, San Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vilaplana
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ochoa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Villalta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martinez-Leal
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Puigdollers
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salvador
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martorell
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Haro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012559:Schizophrenia; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires