title: Should simulator-based endovascular training be integrated into general surgery residency programs?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The impact of high-fidelity simulators as an adjunct for endovascular training of general surgery residents has not yet been defined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate general surgery resident perspectives on the value of a simulator-based endovascular training program by using various measurement tools.
  
  
  METHODS
  General surgery residents in postgraduate years 1 to 5 (n = 50) participated in a focused endovascular training course covering aortoiliac, renal, and carotid artery disease. The components of the course included didactic lecture, self-learning course material and computer training modules, hands-on exposure to endovascular instruments, and endovascular procedure simulation using a mobile SimSuite unit (Medical Simulation Corporation, Denver, CO). Course participants completed pre- and postcourse questionnaires, knowledge-based testing, and endovascular simulator metric testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 50 general surgery residents who completed the precourse questionnaire and knowledge-based testing, 41 completed the entire program including the postcourse questionnaire and knowledge-based testing, and 33 completed endovascular simulation metric testing. Subjective responses from pre- and postcourse surveys highlighting the residents' perceptions of the potential role of endovascular simulation as part of general surgery residency training showed favorable responses. On completion of the course, mean knowledge-based test scores had statistically significant improvement (pretest, n = 50, 59.5% +/- 12.1% correct and posttest, n = 41, 69.1% +/- 15.4% correct [P = .003]). For metric testing of a simulated endovascular procedure (n = 33), 93.9% completed all of the defined tasks within the allotted time period (mean time, 12.2 +/- 4.36 minutes; range, 4.1-26.6 minutes; 95% confidence interval for mean 10.8-13.6 minutes).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on subjective and objective measures, general surgery residents found valuable and benefited in knowledge base from a focused simulator-based endovascular training program. Integrating endovascular simulation into general surgery resident training and its influence on resident interest in vascular specialization as a career choice holds future potential.
authors.affiliation: Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BDB 503, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0012, USA. Marc.Passman@ccc.uab.edu
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Passman
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Fleser
authors.forename: Jeffery B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dattilo
authors.forename: Raul J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Naslund
mesh_terms: D017130:Angioplasty / Q000193:education*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003162:Competency-Based Education / Q000458:organization & administration; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D014584:User-Computer Interface