title: Efficacy of chlorinated and ozonated water in reducing Salmonella typhimurium attached to tomato surfaces.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare chlorinated and ozonated water in reducing Salmonella typhimurium inoculated onto fresh ripe tomatoes. Surface-inoculated tomatoes were immersed/sprayed with chlorinated (200 mg l(-1)) and ozonated water (1 and 2 mg l(-1)) under 2 and 100 nefelometric turbidity units (NTU). Contact times were 120 and 30 s for immersing and spraying applications, respectively. Immersing in chlorinated water and low turbidity resulted in the most effective application with 3.61 log(10) bacterial reduction, while 1 and 2 mg l(-1) of ozone reduced 2.32 and 2.53 log(10), respectively. High turbidity and chlorine reduced the bacterial counts by 3.39 log(10), while 1 and 2 mg l(-1) of ozonated water and low turbidity reduced the bacteria by 1.48 and 1.92 log(10), respectively. Spraying chlorinated water reduced bacteria by 3 log(10), and ozonated water at 1 and 2 mg l(-1) reduced counts by 1.84 and 2.40 log(10), respectively. No statistical differences were found between chlorine and ozone (2 mg l(-1)) during spraying applications (p < 0.05). The use of ozonated water both in immersing and spraying applications is suggested when water turbidity remains low.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, Sinaloa, Mexico. chaqui@ciad.edu.mx
authors.forename: Cristobal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaidez
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vidales
authors.forename: Nohelia Castro-Del
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Campo
mesh_terms: D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology*; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D002713:Chlorine; D010126:Ozone