title: Polymorphisms of Fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 and plasma levels of its ligand CX3CL1 in colorectal cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The chemokine Fractalkine/CX3CL1, which is expressed by epithelial cells within normal colorectal mucosa and in colorectal cancer (CRC), is thought to have a crucial role in colorectal mucosal immunity by recruiting leucocytes via the receptor CX3CR1. The purpose of this study was to investigate two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the Fractalkine receptor/CX3CR1 gene, V249I and T280M, in CRC to find out whether they occur more often in patients with CRC than in non-CRC individuals. In the search for tumour markers, we also intended to determine whether plasma levels of Fractalkine were correlated with parameters such as Dukes' stage, tumour localisation, gender and age in CRC patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid from 223 CRC patients and 229 controls was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and the polymorphisms were detected by the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Fractalkine/CX3CL1 was analysed in plasma from 62 CRC patients and 78 controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The variant V249I was significantly different in genotype and allelic distribution between CRC patients and control subjects, P = 0.028 and P = 0.048, respectively. We also found that individuals with the I249 allele in homozygote state were less frequent in the CRC group (3.1%) compared with controls (9.2%; P = 0.008). No significant difference was observed regarding Fractalkine/CX3CL1 levels in plasma between patients and the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the lack of the allele I249 of the CX3CR1 gene may play a partial or minor role in CRC and that plasma Fractalkine/CX3CL1 does not seem to be a useful tumour marker that reflects the disease outcome of CRC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, University College of Health Sciences, Jönköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dimberg
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dienus
authors.forename: Sture
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Löfgren
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hugander
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wågsäter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; C515538:CX3CL1 protein, human; C095235:CX3CR1 protein, human; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine