title: Innate defensive behaviour and panic-like reactions evoked by rodents during aggressive encounters with Brazilian constrictor snakes in a complex labyrinth: behavioural validation of a new model to study affective and agonistic reactions in a prey versus predator paradigm.
abstract: Defensive behaviour has been extensively studied, and non-invasive methodologies may be interesting approaches to analyzing the limbic system function as a whole. Using experimental models of animals in the state of anxiety has been fundamental in the search for new anxiolytic and antipanic compounds. The aim of this present work is to examine a new model for the study of affective behaviour, using a complex labyrinth consisting of an arena and galleries forming a maze. Furthermore, it aims to compare the defensive behaviour of Wistar rats, Mongolian gerbils and golden hamsters in a complex labyrinth, as well as the defensive behaviour of Meriones unguiculatus in aggressive encounters with either Epicrates cenchria assisi or Boa constrictor amarali in this same model. Among species presently studied, the Mongolian gerbils showed better performance in the exploration of both arena and galleries of the labyrinth, also demonstrating less latency in finding exits of the galleries. This increases the possibility of survival, as well as optimizes the events of encounter with the predator. The duration of alertness and freezing increased during confrontation with living Epicrates, as well as the duration of exploratory behaviour in the labyrinth. There was an increase in the number of freezing and alertness behaviours, as well as in duration of alertness during confrontations involving E.c. assisi, compared with behavioural reactions elicited by jirds in presence of B.c. amarali. Interestingly, the aggressive behaviour of Mongolian gerbils was more prominent against B.c. amarali compared with the other Boidae snake. E.c. assisi elicited more offensive attacks and exhibited a greater time period of body movement than B.c. amarali, which spent more time in the arena and in defensive immobility than the E.c. assisi. Considering that jirds evoked more fear-like reaction in contact with E.c. assisi, a fixed E.c. assisi kept in a hermetically closed acrylic box was used as control. In these prey/predator encounter-based experiments, there was an increase in the number of alertness and freezing behaviours exhibited by gerbils, and a decrease in the number of crossing elicited by them, when comparing confrontations between the living E.c. assisi and the control. The experiments were performed at 7.0 p.m. In the labyrinth, the snakes showed in confrontation similar performance to that observed in nature (organizing hunting behaviour, offensive/defensive attack, constriction, prey inspection and feeding behaviour), which were essential to the validity of the experiments and gave behavioural validation within the complex labyrinth.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroanatomy & Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. dos Bandeirantes, 3900 Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guimarães-Costa
authors.forename: Maria Beatriz
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Guimarães-Costa
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pippa-Gadioli
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weltson
authors.forename: Walter Adriano
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Ubiali
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paschoalin-Maurin
authors.forename: Tatiana Tocchini
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Felippotti
authors.forename: Daoud Hibrahim
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Elias-Filho
authors.forename: Carlos Júlio
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Laure
authors.forename: Norberto Cysne
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Coimbra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D006224:Cricetinae; D005849:Gerbillinae; D008954:Models, Biological; D010200:Panic; D011235:Predatory Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D012911:Snakes