title: Humoral and cellular immune responses to airway immunization of mice with human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles and mucosal adjuvants.
abstract: Cervical cancer results from cervical infection by human papillomaviruses (HPV), especially HPV16. Intramuscular administrations of HPV16 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines have been shown to induce strong neutralizing antibody responses and protect women against genital HPV16 infection and associated lesions. However, an alternative route of administration that avoids parenteral injection might facilitate vaccine implementation, particularly in developing countries which account for the majority of the worldwide cases of cervical cancer. In addition, inducing mucosal immunity could partially overcome the substantial variation in HPV16 antibodies at the cervix seen in ovulating women. Aerosol vaccination with HPV16 VLPs was previously shown to be immunogenic in mice and in women. Here, we examine whether exposure to other respiratory viral antigens may interfere with the HPV16 VLP-specific humoral response and whether two known mucosal adjuvants, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and a natural non-toxic Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (HLT), can enhance the immunogenicity of airway immunization (nasal or aerosol-like) of mice with HPV16 VLPs. Our data show that HLT can significantly improve anti-VLP humoral responses in serum and mucosal secretions, as well as VLP-specific proliferative responses and IFN-gamma production by CD8 T cells, and that recent exposure to influenza surface antigens can diminish mucosal, but not systemic, antibody responses to the VLPs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Revaz
authors.forename: Rinaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zurbriggen
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ponci
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bobst
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nardelli-Haefliger
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000276:immunology*; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007114:Immunization; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D014771:Virion / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000336:Aerosols; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004768:Enterotoxins; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D007371:Interferon-gamma