Characterization of reemerging chikungunya virus.
An unprecedented epidemic of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection recently started in countries of the Indian Ocean area, causing an acute and painful syndrome with strong fever, asthenia, skin rash, polyarthritis, and lethal cases of encephalitis. The basis for chikungunya disease and the tropism of CHIKV remain unknown. Here, we describe the replication characteristics of recent clinical CHIKV strains. Human epithelial and endothelial cells, primary fibroblasts and, to a lesser extent, monocyte-derived macrophages, were susceptible to infection and allowed viral production. In contrast, CHIKV did not replicate in lymphoid and monocytoid cell lines, primary lymphocytes and monocytes, or monocyte-derived dendritic cells. CHIKV replication was cytopathic and associated with an induction of apoptosis in infected cells. Chloroquine, bafilomycin-A1, and short hairpin RNAs against dynamin-2 inhibited viral production, indicating that viral entry occurs through pH-dependent endocytosis. CHIKV was highly sensitive to the antiviral activity of type I and II interferons. These results provide a general insight into the interaction between CHIKV and its mammalian host.
Sourisseau
Marion
M
Department of Virology, Unité Virus et Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Schilte
Clémentine
C
Casartelli
Nicoletta
N
Trouillet
Céline
C
Guivel-Benhassine
Florence
F
Rudnicka
Dominika
D
Sol-Foulon
Nathalie
N
Le Roux
Karin
K
Prevost
Marie-Christine
MC
Fsihi
Hafida
H
Frenkiel
Marie-Pascale
MP
Blanchet
Fabien
F
Afonso
Philippe V
PV
Ceccaldi
Pierre-Emmanuel
PE
Ozden
Simona
S
Gessain
Antoine
A
Schuffenecker
Isabelle
I
Verhasselt
Bruno
B
Zamborlini
Alessia
A
Saïb
Ali
A
Rey
Felix A
FA
Arenzana-Seisdedos
Fernando
F
Desprès
Philippe
P
Michault
Alain
A
Albert
Matthew L
ML
Schwartz
Olivier
O
D018354:Alphavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D002646:Chikungunya virus / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007195:Indian Ocean Islands; D014779:Virus Replication