title: Attenuated expression of profilin-1 confers protection from atherosclerosis in the LDL receptor null mouse.
abstract: Atherosclerosis-related events are a major cause of morbidity and death worldwide, but the mechanisms underlying atherogenesis are not fully understood. We showed in previous studies that the actin-binding protein profilin-1 (pfn) was upregulated in atherosclerotic plaques and in endothelial cells (ECs) treated with oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL). The present study addressed the role of pfn in atheroma formation. To this end, mice with heterozygous deficiency of pfn, Pfn(+/-), were crossed with Ldlr(-/-) mice. After 2 months under a 1.25% cholesterol atherogenic diet, Pfn(+/-)Ldlr(-/-) (PfnHet) exhibited a significant reduction in lesion burden compared with Ldlr(-/-) control mice (PfnWT), whereas total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were similar in the 2 groups. Relevant atheroprotective changes were identified in PfnHet. When compared with PfnWT, aortas from PfnHet mice showed preserved endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation and nitric oxide (NO)-dependent signaling, and reduced vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression and macrophage accumulation at lesion-prone sites. Similarly, knockdown of pfn in cultured aortic ECs was protective against endothelial dysfunction triggered by oxLDL. Finally, bone marrow-derived macrophages from PfnHet showed blunted internalization of oxLDL and oxLDL-induced inflammation. These studies demonstrate that pfn levels modulate processes critical for early atheroma formation and suggest that pfn heterozygosity confers atheroprotection through combined endothelial- and macrophage-dependent mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. giulio.romeo@schepens.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Giulio R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.forename: Karen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Moulton
authors.forename: Andrius
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kazlauskas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006579:Heterozygote; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D051304:Profilins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D018955:CD36 Antigens; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C495739:Pfn1 protein, mouse; D051304:Profilins; D011973:Receptors, LDL; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496315:Nos3 protein, mouse