title: Colour vision defects in occupational chronic solvent encephalopathy.
abstract: Occupational chronic solvent encephalopathy (CSE) is associated with a number of neurobehavioural disorders including defects of visual perception. The purpose of this study was to characterize colour vision defects in CSE patients. Colour vision was tested in bright illumination with the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test in workers who had CSE due to occupational exposure to common industrial solvents. Before assessing colour vision, the subjects' ocular health and visual functions were evaluated. On the basis of this evaluation, 36 subjects with healthy eyes were selected and their colour vision was tested monocularly. The colour vision performance of the patient group was, statistically, significantly inferior to that of a control group matched by age at a group level. A mixed form of reduced colour sensitivity was found in 42% (n=15/36) of the cases, affecting the entire range of Munsell hues. No association was found between the length and intensity of exposure and colour vision performance. Our results show that CSE patients can have significantly impaired colour discrimination ability, although their eyes are healthy and their other visual functions are normal. This may indicate toxic damage to higher level visual processing, possibly the colour selective regions of the cerebral cortex.
authors.affiliation: Brain and Work Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 aA, FIN-00250, Helsinki, Finland. juha.paallysaho@ttl.fi
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Päällysaho
authors.forename: Risto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Näsänen
authors.forename: Maija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mäntyjärvi
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaukiainen
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sainio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000523:psychology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003119:Color Perception Tests; D003117:Color Vision Defects / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012997:Solvents / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents