title: Pain intensity and discomfort following surgical placement of orthodontic anchoring units and premolar extraction: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare perceived pain intensity and discomfort between the placement of two different orthodontic anchoring units designed for osseointegration and premolar extraction in adolescent patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 120 adolescent patients (60 girls and 60 boys) were recruited and randomized into three groups. Group A underwent installation of an onplant, group B installation of an Orthosystem implant, and group C premolar extraction. Pain intensity and discomfort, analgesic consumption, limitations in daily activities, and functional jaw impairment were evaluated the first evening and one week after the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain intensity following surgical installation of an onplant was comparable to the pain intensity experienced after premolar extraction, but there was significantly less pain after surgical installation of an Orthosystem implant compared to installation of an onplant (P = .002) or premolar extraction (P = .007). The protective, vacuum-formed stent caused great discomfort, even more discomfort than the surgical sites following installation of the onplant or the Orthosystem implant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Orthosystem implant was better tolerated than the onplant in terms of pain intensity, discomfort, and analgesic consumption and was, therefore, the anchorage system of choice in a short-term perspective.
authors.affiliation: Orthodontic Clinic, Public Dental Service and Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Gävleborg County Council, Gaävle, Sweden. ingalill.feldmann@lg.se
authors.forename: Ingalill
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Feldmann
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: List
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feldmann
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bondemark
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects*