title: Topical diclofenac versus dexamethasone after strabismus surgery: a double-blind randomized clinical trial of anti-inflammatory effect and ocular hypertensive response.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Compared to steroids non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs offer comparable anti-inflammatory action without ocular side-effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the anti-inflammatory effect and effect on IOP (Goldmann) of topical diclofenac 0.1% with dexamethasone 0.1% after strabismus surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center, clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three cases of constant horizontal strabismus, qualifying for standard uniocular recession-resection surgery on two horizontal rectus muscles were randomized to either the dexamethasone or diclofenac group. They were excluded if they had previous ocular surgery, recently used anti-inflammatory drugs and had a neurological, systemic or an ocular inflammatory condition. In addition all received ciprofloxacin 0.3% four times daily. Assessment was done on the first postoperative day and at two and four weeks. The inflammatory characteristics graded from nil (0) to severe (3) were: discomfort, chemosis, injection, discharge and drop-intolerance. Their sum provided the total inflammatory score (TIS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dexamethasone group (n=21) was comparable in age, gender, preoperative IOP, strabismus, anesthesia administered and baseline IOP, to diclofenac (n=22). There were no significant differences in the inflammatory characteristics and TIS. The dexamethasone group had IOP significantly higher at two weeks (95% CI 0.17 to 3.25) and four weeks (95% CI 1.09 to 4.24) compared to diclofenac group and the net change of IOP at four weeks (95% CI 0.60 to 3.14). Compared to the baseline IOP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical diclofenac is comparable to dexamethasone in providing anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect with the advantage of significantly lesser IOP rise and should be preferred after strabismus surgery.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ophthalmology, (Gandhi Eye Hospital Campus), JN Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh - 202 001, UP, India.
authors.forename: Hayat A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Abadan K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Amitava
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D004008:Diclofenac; D003907:Dexamethasone