title: Baseline results of the Depiscan study: a French randomized pilot trial of lung cancer screening comparing low dose CT scan (LDCT) and chest X-ray (CXR).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung cancer has the highest mortality-rate per cancer, with an overall 5-year survival <15%. Several non-randomized studies pointed out the high sensitivity of low dose computed tomography (LDCT) to detect early stage lung cancer. In France, Depiscan, a pilot RCT of LDCT versus chest X-ray (CXR), started on October 2002 to determine the feasibility of enrollment by general practitioners (GPs), investigations and diagnostic procedures by university hospital radiologists and multidisciplinary teams, data management by centralized clinical research assistants, and anticipate the future management of a large national trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  GPs and occupational physicians (OPs) selected and enrolled 1000 subjects in 1 year. Eligible subjects were asymptomatic males or females aged 50-75 years with a current or former cigarette smoking history of >/=15 cigarettes per day for at least 20 years (former smokers having quit <15 years prior to enrollment). Based to randomization, annual LDCT or CXR screenings were planned at baseline and annually for 2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between October 2002 and December 2004, 765 subjects were enrolled by 89 out of the 232 participating GPs and OPs. Complete clinical and imaging baseline data were available for 621 individuals out of the 765 enrolled, due to 144 noncompliant subjects who withdrew their consent. At least one nodule was detected in 152 out of 336 subjects (45.2%) in the LDCT screening, versus 21 out of 285 subjects (7.4%) in the CXR screening arm. Eight lung cancers were detected in the LDCT arm and one in the CXR arm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot trial allows estimating that non-calcified nodules are 10 [6.36-17.07] times more often detected from LDCT than from CXR. However enrollment by GPs was more difficult than expected with 41% active investigators and a high rate (19%) of noncompliant patients. This experience speaks to the need for a high level of GPs formation and a large, coordinated clinical research team in such a trial.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  02526.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U707, F-75012 Paris, France. blanchon@u707.jussieu.fr
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Blanchon
authors.forename: Jeanne-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bréchot
authors.forename: Philippe A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Grenier
authors.forename: Gilbert R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Ferretti
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lemarié
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Milleron
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chagué
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Martinet
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beigelman-Aubry
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blanchon
authors.forename: Marie-Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Revel
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Friard
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rémy-Jardin
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vasile
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Santelmo
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lecalier
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lefébure
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moro-Sibilot
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Breton
authors.forename: Marie-France
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Carette
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brambilla
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fournel
authors.forename: Alexia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kieffer
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frija
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flahault
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008400:Mass Chest X-Ray; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012907:Smoking; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed