title: Genotoxicity in primary human peripheral lymphocytes after exposure to radiopacifiers in vitro.
abstract: Taking into consideration that DNA damage plays an important role in carcinogenesis, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether some radiopacifiers widely used in clinical practice are able to induce genetic damage in primary human cells in vitro. Human peripheral lymphocytes obtained from 10 healthy volunteers were exposed to barium sulphate (BaSO(4)), zirconium oxide (ZnO(2)) and bismuth oxide (Bi(2)O(3)) at final concentrations ranging from 1 to 1000 microg/mL for 1 h at 37 degrees C. The negative control group was treated with vehicle control (phosphate buffer solution) for 1 h at 37 degrees C and the positive control group was treated with hydrogen peroxide (at 100 microM) for 5 min on ice. Results were analyzed by the Friedman non-parametric test. The results pointed all compounds tested out did not induce DNA breakage in human peripheral lymphocytes as depicted by the mean tail moment and tail intensity in all concentrations tested. In summary, our results indicate that exposure to these radiopacifiers may not be a factor that increases the level of DNA lesions in human peripheral lymphocytes as detected by single cell gel (comet) assay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Gobbo
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Braz
authors.forename: Joao Paulo de Castro
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Marcondes
authors.forename: Mariza Akemi
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Marco Antonio Hungaro
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Daisy Maria Favero
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Salvadori
authors.forename: Daniel Araki
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001466:Barium Sulfate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001729:Bismuth / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020552:Comet Assay; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D015040:Zirconium / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D001466:Barium Sulfate; C033301:bismuth oxide; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide; D001729:Bismuth