title: IgG fc receptors provide an alternative infection route for murine gamma-herpesvirus-68.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Herpesviruses can be neutralized in vitro but remain infectious in immune hosts. One difference between these settings is the availability of immunoglobulin Fc receptors. The question therefore arises whether a herpesvirus exposed to apparently neutralizing antibody can still infect Fc receptor(+) cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immune sera blocked murine gamma-herpesvirus-68 (MHV-68) infection of fibroblasts, but failed to block and even enhanced its infection of macrophages and dendritic cells. Viral glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies also enhanced infection. MHV-68 appeared to be predominantly latent in macrophages regardless of whether Fc receptors were engaged, but the infection was not abortive and new virus production soon overwhelmed infected cultures. Lytically infected macrophages down-regulated MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation, endocytosis and their response to LPS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IgG Fc receptors limit the neutralization of gamma-herpesviruses such as MHV-68.
authors.affiliation: Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gustavo T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gillet
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Brigitte D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.forename: Philip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Stevenson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011961:Receptors, Fc / Q000276:immunology*; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000276:immunology*; D018144:Rhadinovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014771:Virion / Q000276:immunology*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006023:Glycoproteins; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D011961:Receptors, Fc; D017452:Receptors, IgG; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins