title: Study on the relationship between lymphatic vessel density and distal intramural spread of rectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The smallest safe margin of distal clearance for lower rectal cancer is very important for the operation. In a previous study, a few factors were found to play a role in distal intramural spread (DIS), but there are few data regarding the influence of lymphangiogenesis. We studied the relationship between lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and DIS of rectal cancer, analyzing the probable value of LVD in determining the length of distal resection of lower rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine-two patients who had undergone curative resection of lower rectal cancer were included. The length of DIS, LVD and other clinicopathological factors were evaluated. Immunohistochemical lymphatic vessel staining with LYVE-1 (lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor) were performed to detect the LVD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  44 cases had DIS (range 0.1-2.44, mean 0.31 cm), and cancer emboli were the most common modalities of DIS. The LVD of a peritumoral lesion was significantly higher than that of an intratumoral lesion; the LVD of the DIS subgroup was significantly higher than that of the no DIS subgroup, and the LVD of the 2 subgroups was significantly higher than that of normal rectal tissue. A significant correlation was shown by a rank correlation test between the length of DIS and the LVD at the periphery of the rectal cancer (n = 44, r = 0.755, p < 0.01). The LVD was also related to the extent of infiltration, lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lymphangiogenesis plays an important role in rectal cancer cell metastasis and patients with a higher LVD have a better prognosis. The LVD is closely correlated with DIS. These findings may be helpful in determining the distal clearance length of rectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China. Chen93662@163.com
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology*; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery