Prevalence of and risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in the patients with hypertension among Han Chinese.
OBJECTIVE
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with morbidity and mortality of coronary heart disease and stroke. Hypertension is an independent risk factor for peripheral arterial disease. However, the prevalence and risk factors of PAD in hypertensive patients have not been studied in China.


METHODS
In order to investigate the prevalence of PAD and its risk factors in China, a cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 4716 patients with hypertension and 833 age-gender matched people without hypertension were recruited; age 40 to 75 years, from seven rural communities. PAD was defined as an ankle-brachial index (ABI) <or= 0.9 in either leg; hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure >or=140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure >or=90 mm Hg, or history of antihypertensive drug use.


RESULTS
The prevalence of PAD is 8.7% (n = 408) in patients with hypertension (n = 4716), higher than in people without hypertension (5.0%, n = 833, P = .004). Hypertensive patients with PAD were older, (61 +/- 8.6 vs 58 +/- 8.6, P < .01), had more conventional cardiovascular risk factors including systolic blood pressure (170 +/- 22.6 vs 167 +/- 22.7, P < .01), pulse pressure (72 +/- 19.7 vs 68 +/- 18.9, P < .01), blood glucose (5.8 +/- 2.2 vs 5.6 +/- 1.7, P < .05), total cholesterol (5.7 +/- 1.3 vs 5.5 +/- 1.1, P < .05), and serum uric acid (355 +/- 98.0 vs 293 +/- 86.2, P < .05) than the hypertensive patients without PAD. After adjusting for gender, age, and other cardiovascular risk factors by using multiple logistical regression analysis, PAD was still associated with current smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-2.29), history of stroke (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.12-2.00), serum uric acid (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.10-1.59), and total cholesterol (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.10-1.59).


CONCLUSIONS
This study reports, for the first time, the prevalence of PAD in Chinese patients with hypertension, which is quite different from that in westerners, and that PAD is independently associated with conventional cardiovascular risk factors.
Yang
XiaoMin
X
Department of Cardiology, FuWai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Sun
Kai
K
Zhang
WeiLi
W
Wu
HaiYing
H
Zhang
HuiMin
H
Hui
RuiTai
R
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
D014527:Uric Acid; D002784:Cholesterol