title: Quality of life and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in patients after lung transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung transplantation has become an established and effective treatment for patients with end-stage pulmonary disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate health-related quality of life in correlation with occurrence and degree of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study design, 119 consecutive lung transplant recipients (63.9% bilateral and 36.1% single lung transplants) responded voluntarily to a set of standardized questionnaires (12-Item Short-Form Health Survey, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, Coping With Everyday Life, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Zerssen list of complaints) that covered health-related quality of life and psychological well being. Also, we performed pulmonary function studies to clinically grade bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this cohort, 41.2% of patients developed bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome at a mean interval of 5.6 years after lung transplantation. Actuarial freedom from bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome was 90.1% +/- 2.3% at 1 year, 79.9% +/- 3.7% at 3 years, and 59.5% +/- 4.8% at 5 years after lung transplantation. Recipients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome reported significantly lower well being and quality of life than those without bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, who scored similar to healthy volunteers. In a subanalysis, body functioning (P < .001) and related areas of coping (P < .001) were mostly affected by bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quality of life was negatively affected by the onset of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. However, even patients who develop bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome reported a temporary benefit from lung transplantation. In addition to optimal medical care and efforts in preventing bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, psychological support of lung recipients seems to be essential, especially when bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome occurs.
authors.affiliation: Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Künsebeck
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kugler
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Andre R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Welte
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haverich
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strueber
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome