title: The melanogenic system of the liver pigmented macrophages of Rana esculenta L.--tyrosinase activity.
abstract: The enzyme system responsible for Amphibian Kupffer Cell (KC) melanogenesis has not been entirely elucidated. This research demonstrates that the KC melanosomes of Rana esculenta L. possess a tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH) activity, showing that a tyrosinase is the enzyme involved in the melanogenesis. The TH reaction depends on catalytic Dopa as a cofactor and is not affected by catalase or H2O2, showing that it is catalysed by the tyrosinase and not by the peroxidase present in the melanosomes. The TH reaction is activated by Cu2+ ions but not by other tyrosinase activators such as limited proteolysis, protein ageing, and Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS). SDS inhibited the KC TH activity even below the critical micelle concentration. All these results suggest that the KC-tyrosinase differs in structure from other known tyrosinases. Using anti-KC-tyrosinase antobodies, we observed that the sites of the tyrosinase location within the cell are the same as those described in the melanocytes. In the immunoblots, the anti-KC-tyrosinase antibodies also recognised two protein bands, at the higher molecular weight ranges, in the protein electrophoretic pattern. Moreover, the tyrosinase activity was limited to the highest molecular weight band of about 260 kDa, suggesting that the enzyme activity could depend on a molecular aggregate. The melanin produced in the liver was found to be a 5,6-dihydroxyindole-rich eumelanin similar to the Sepia melanin.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallone
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sagliano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakamatsu
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Capozzi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perna
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zanna
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cicero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D008543:Melanins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020460:Melanosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D011893:Rana esculenta / Q000502:physiology*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase