title: Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate prevents 60 minutes of warm mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) is a low-molecular-weight thiol antioxidant and potent inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. It has been shown to attenuate harmful effects of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in many organs. In recent animal studies, destructive effects of reperfusion injury has been demonstrated. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether PDTC prevents harmful effects of superior mesenteric I/R injury in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar-albino rats were randomly allocated into the following 4 groups: (1) sham-operated group--these animals underwent laparotomy without I/R injury (group I, n = 12); (2) sham+PDTC group--identical to sham-operated rats except for the administration of PDTC (100 mg/kg intravenous bolus) 30 minutes prior to the commencement of the experimental period (group II, n = 12); (3) I/R group--these animals underwent laparotomy and 60 minutes of ischemia followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion (group III, n = 12); (4) PDTC-treated group (100 mg/kg, intravenously, before the I/R, group IV, n = 12). All animals were killed, and intestinal tissue samples were obtained for investigation of intestinal mucosal injury, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glutathione (GSH) levels, and intestinal edema.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant decrease in GSH levels, along with an increase in intestinal mucosal injury scores, MPO activity, MDA levels, and intestinal tissue wet-to-dry weight ratios in group III when compared to groups I, II, and IV (P < .05). However, PDTC treatment led to a statistically significant increase in GSH levels, along with a decrease in intestinal mucosal injury scores, MPO activity, MDA levels, and intestinal tissue wet-to-dry weight ratios in group IV (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that PDTC treatment significantly prevented the reperfusion injury caused by superior mesenteric I/R. Further clinical studies are needed to clarify whether PDTC may be a useful therapeutic agent to use in particular operations where the reperfusion injury occurs.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Pamukkale University, 20070 Denizli, Turkey. zteke_md@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Zafer
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Teke
authors.forename: Burhan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kabay
authors.forename: Faruk Onder
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Aytekin
authors.forename: Cigdem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yenisey
authors.forename: Nese Calli
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Demirkan
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sacar
authors.forename: Ergun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erdem
authors.forename: Akin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D052096:Warm Ischemia
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D013859:Thiocarbamates; C020972:pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009195:Peroxidase; D005978:Glutathione