title: Efficacy of electrical stimulation to increase muscle strength in people with neurological conditions: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Weakness in partially paralysed muscles is a disabling impairment for people with neurological conditions. Strength training programmes are widely administered to address this impairment. There is a common belief that the effectiveness of strength training programmes can be enhanced by the addition of electrical stimulation. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of electrical stimulation for increasing voluntary strength in people with neurological conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible randomized trials of electrical stimulation were identified by searches of computerized databases. The search yielded 11,267 abstracts, of which 60 were retrieved. Two assessors independently reviewed full text versions of these articles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. These studies involved participants with spina bifida (n = 1), cerebral palsy (n = 1), peripheral nerve lesion (n = 1), multiple sclerosis (n = 1), spinal cord injury (n = 3) and stroke (n = 11). The mean (SD) PEDro score for trial quality was 4.9 (1.0) out of 10. Meta-analyses of studies involving similar patients were not done because of insufficient data or lack of homogeneity. The results of all studies were analysed individually.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several studies suggest a modest beneficial effect of electrical stimulation in patients with stroke. It is not clear whether patients with other types of neurological disabilities benefit from electrical stimulation in the same way.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Studies Unit, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia. jgli5786@mail.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glinsky
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Es
mesh_terms: D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000534:rehabilitation; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000534:rehabilitation; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome