Volume loss versus gravity: new concepts in facial aging.
OBJECTIVE
The earliest techniques of facial rejuvenation have been continuously adapted to reflect changes in the understanding of the aging face. Significant, paradigm-shifting advances in this understanding have been made in recent years which have allowed application of specific therapeutic modalities, resulting in dramatically improved results over those achieved with traditional facial rejuvenation.


RESULTS
Pioneering work by several authors has shown that gravity is not the sole determinant of the aging face. These authors have demonstrated that volume loss, including that of soft tissue and bone, is at least equally important in the pathogenesis of the stigmata of aging. Rejuvenative techniques developed to reverse these atrophic changes have exhibited outstanding results. The consequence is an increasing emphasis on the use of volume restoration procedures to address the aging face.


CONCLUSIONS
Recent improvements in the understanding of the facial aging process have brought about newly refined techniques for facial rejuvenation, ushering in a new era of plastic surgery for the aging face which is being manifested by increasingly natural results.
Donath
Alexander S
AS
Glasgold Group Plastic Surgery, Highland Park, New Jersey 08904, USA. a_donath@yahoo.com
Glasgold
Robert A
RA
Glasgold
Mark J
MJ
D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D005145:Face / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006112:Gravitation; D006801:Humans; D009929:Organ Size; D012060:Rejuvenation