title: Surgical treatment of intra-articular fractures of the distal part of the humerus. Functional outcome after twelve to thirty years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The short-term results of open reduction and internal fixation of intra-articular distal humeral fractures are good to excellent in approximately 75% of patients, but the long-term results have been less well studied. This investigation addressed the long-term clinical and radiographic results of surgical treatment of intra-articular distal humeral fractures (AO Type C) as assessed with use of standardized outcome measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients were evaluated at an average of nineteen years (range, twelve to thirty years) after open reduction and internal fixation of a fracture of the distal part of the humerus to assess the range of elbow motion and the functional outcome. Twenty patients had an olecranon osteotomy, and all had fixation with plates and/or screws and/or Kirschner wires. No ulnar nerve was transposed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Excluding one elbow salvaged with an arthrodesis and counted as a poor result, the average final flexion arc was 106 degrees and the average pronation-supination arc was 165 degrees. The average American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score was 96 points, with an average satisfaction score of 8.8 points on a 0 to 10-point visual analog scale. The average Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score was 7 points, and the average Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) score was 91 points. Including the patient with the arthrodesis, the final categorical ratings were nineteen excellent results, seven good results, one fair result, and three poor results. The presence of arthrosis did not appear to correlate with pain or predict disability or function. Subsequent procedures were performed in twelve patients (40%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long-term results of open reduction and internal fixation of AO-Type-C fractures of the distal part of the humerus are similar to those reported in the short term, suggesting that the results are durable. Functional ratings and perceived disability were predicated more on pain than on functional impairment and did not correlate with radiographic signs of arthrosis.
authors.affiliation: Academic Medical Center, G4-Noord, Kamer 249, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. jdoornberg@partners.org
authors.forename: Job N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Doornberg
authors.forename: Pleun J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van Duijn
authors.forename: Durk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Linzel
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Ring
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zurakowski
authors.forename: Rene K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Marti
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kloen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012086:Reoperation; D016896:Treatment Outcome