title: Electronic health records in specialty care: a time-motion study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Electronic health records (EHRs) have great potential to improve safety, quality, and efficiency in medicine. However, adoption has been slow, and a key concern has been that clinicians will require more time to complete their work using EHRs. Most previous studies addressing this issue have been done in primary care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of using an EHR on specialists' time. DESIGN Prospective, before-after trial of the impact of an EHR on attending physician time in four specialty clinics at an integrated delivery system: cardiology, dermatology, endocrine, and pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a time-motion method to measure physician time spent in one of 85 designated activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Attending physicians were monitored before and after the switch from paper records to a web-based ambulatory EHR. Across all specialties, 15 physicians were observed treating 157 patients while still using paper-based records, and 15 physicians were observed treating 146 patients after adoption. Following EHR implementation, the average adjusted total time spent per patient across all specialties increased slightly but not significantly (Delta = 0.94 min., p = 0.83) from 28.8 (SE = 3.6) to 29.8 (SE = 3.6) min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that implementation of an EHR had little effect on overall visit time in specialty clinics.
authors.affiliation: Information Systems, Partners HealthCare System, Wellesley, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Helen G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Lisa P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Newmark
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Lynn A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Volk
authors.forename: Virginia L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Anne F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Kittler
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lippincott
authors.forename: Tiffany
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bates
mesh_terms: D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D008511:Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013038:Specialization; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D000078329:Workforce; D016526:Workload