title: GAMEC--a new intensive protocol for untreated poor prognosis and relapsed or refractory germ cell tumours.
abstract: There is no consensus as to the management of untreated poor prognosis or relapsed/refractory germ cell tumours. We have studied an intensive cisplatin-based regimen that incorporates high-dose methotrexate (HD MTX) and actinomycin-D and etoposide every 14 days (GAMEC). Sixty-two patients were enrolled in a phase 2 study including 27 who were untreated (IGCCCG, poor prognosis) and 35 with progression despite conventional platinum based chemotherapy. The pharmacokinetics of the drugs were correlated with standard outcome measures. Twenty of the untreated patients were progression free following GAMEC and appropriate surgery, as were 18 individuals in the pretreated group. None of the established prognostic factors for therapy for pretreated patients could identify a poor-prognosis group. Five out of nine late relapses to prior chemotherapy were progression free following GAMEC and appropriate surgery. All patients had at least one episode of febrile neutropenia and there were five (8%) treatment-related deaths. PK values were not predictive of efficacy or toxicity, although the dose intensity in the pretreated group of patients, especially of HD MTX, was significantly correlated with progression-free survival (PFS). GAMEC is a novel intensive regimen for this group of patients producing encouraging responses, although with significant toxicity. For those in whom it fails, further therapy is still possible with durable responses being seen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK. jonathan.shamash@bartsandthelondon.nhs.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shamash
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Powles
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ansell
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berney
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stebbing
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mutsvangwa
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asterling
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wyatt
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Joel
authors.forename: R T D
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Oliver
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003609:Dactinomycin; D005047:Etoposide; D008727:Methotrexate