title: Amorphous and crystalline polyetheretherketone: Mechanical properties and tissue reactions during a 3-year follow-up.
abstract: The study was aimed to test the mechanical strength, structural stability, and tissue reactions of optically amorphous and crystalline polyetheretherketone (PEEK) plates during a 3-year follow-up in vivo and in vitro. The injection-moulded PEEK plates were implanted to the dorsal subcutis of 12 sheep, which were sacrificed at 6-156 weeks. Thereafter, the plates were subjected to tensile tests, and levels of crystallinity were assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Histological evaluation was carried out using the paraffin technique. In vitro properties were examined with the tensile test and DSC at 0-156 weeks. Tissue reactions were mild and fairly similar for the amorphous and crystalline plates at corresponding points in time. The mechanical characteristics of the plates remained stable over the entire follow-up. The tensile yield load and elongation at the yield load of the crystalline plates were roughly double ( approximately 500 vs. 270 N and 2.4 vs. 1.4 mm, respectively) in comparison to the amorphous plates. The elongation at break load of the crystalline plates was smaller than that of the amorphous ones (6 vs. 10). The level of crystallinity in both the optically amorphous ( approximately 15%) and crystalline (32-34%) plates remained invariable during the follow-up. The in vitro and in vivo data coincided remarkably well. In conclusion, both optically amorphous and crystalline PEEK plates are suitable for the fixation of fractures and osteotomies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Medical School, University of Tampere, Finland. tuomo.nieminen@iki.fi
authors.forename: Tuomo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: Ilkka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kallela
authors.forename: Erkki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wuolijoki
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kainulainen
authors.forename: Ilmari
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hiidenheimo
authors.forename: Immo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rantala
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D001577:Benzophenones; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000473:pathology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D016268:Internal Fixators; D007659:Ketones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D012756:Sheep; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D007659:Ketones; D011108:Polymers; C063834:polyetheretherketone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols