title: Non-contact detection of ciprofloxacin in a model anterior chamber using Raman spectroscopy.
abstract: We examine the application of an improved noncontact and noninvasive Raman spectroscopic technique in measuring medicines at therapeutic concentrations in a model system mimicking the anterior chamber of the eye. A 90-deg laser Raman scattering geometry is employed to reduce the direct exposure of the basic cordial ocular tissues to the laser beam and increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectra. The technique is applied to a commercially available artificial anterior chamber (AAC) fitted with corneas of porcine eyes. Specific Raman signatures of ciprofloxacin (Ciproxin, a fluoroquinolone based antibiotic, have been resolved. Last, a partial least-squares (PLS) chemometric algorithm has been developed to predict the concentration of ciprofloxacin in AAC over the range from 0 to 1 mgmL with a correlation coefficient R(2)=98.4% and an RMS error of prediction equal to 41 microgmL.
authors.affiliation: Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, Stadiou Street, P.O. Box 1414, GR 265 04, Rio-Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Theoharia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sideroudi
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pharmakakis
authors.forename: Anastasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tyrovolas
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Papatheodorou
authors.forename: Georgios D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Chryssikos
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Voyiatzis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000032:analysis*; D003315:Cornea / Q000378:metabolism*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D002939:Ciprofloxacin