title: Three-dimensional surface profile analysis of different types of flowable restorative resins following different finishing protocols.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the surface roughness of different types of flowable restorative resins and compare the effectiveness of diamond finishing burs followed by aluminum oxide discs with aluminum oxide discs alone in producing smooth surfaces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four specimens (10 mm X 2 mm) for each flowable resin (flowable microhybrid composite, flowable liquid microhybrid composite, flowable compomer, and flowable ormocer) were fabricated in an acrylic mold and randomly assigned to three groups. In group I samples were left undisturbed after the removal of a Mylar strip (control). In group II samples were polished with diamond finishing burs, followed by aluminum oxide discs. In group III samples were finished with only aluminum oxide discs. The mean surface roughness (Ra, microm) was determined with 3-D non-contact interferometry. Data were subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post hoc comparison was accomplished using Tukey's HSD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although significant differences in surface roughness (Ra) values were observed among the materials using a Mylar strip (control), no significant differences between restorative materials were found when all finishing/polishing methods were combined. For all flowable restorative resins tested, the Mylar strip produced surfaces smoother than those produced by a diamond finishing bur followed by a disc or by using discs alone. Surface roughness values were statistically similar for a diamond finishing bur followed by a disc and for disc treated surfaces within each material except for Dyract Flow, a flowable compomer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the surface roughness of flowable restorative resins differs among the types, this difference can be overcome with different finishing/polishing methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. ruyay@hacettepe.edu.tr
authors.forename: A Rüya
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Müftü
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kugel
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003188:Composite Resins; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000379:methods*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D018130:Diamond; D007368:Interferometry; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D011897:Random Allocation; D012212:Rheology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; C025539:Lavsan; D018130:Diamond; D000537:Aluminum Oxide