title: Religiousness and preoperative anxiety: a correlational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Major life changes are among factors that cause anxiety, and one of these changes is surgery. Emotional reactions to surgery have specific effects on the intensity and velocity as well as the process of physical disease. In addition, they can cause delay in patients recovery. This study is aimed at determining the relationship between religious beliefs and preoperative anxiety.
  
  
  METHODS
  This survey is a correlational study to assess the relationship between religious beliefs and preoperative anxiety of patients undergoing abdominal, orthopaedic, and gynaecologic surgery in educational hospitals. We used the convenience sampling method. The data collection instruments included a questionnaire containing the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and another questionnaire formulated by the researcher with queries on religious beliefs and demographic characteristics as well as disease-related information. Analysis of the data was carried out with SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results were arranged in three tables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings showed that almost all the subjects had high level of religiosity and moderate level of anxiety. In addition, there was an inverse relationship between religiosity and intensity of anxiety, though this was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study can be used as evidence for presenting religious counselling and spiritual interventions for individuals undergoing stress. Finally, based on the results of this study, the researcher suggested some recommendations for applying results and conducting further research.
authors.affiliation: Faculty member of Ardabil Medical Sciences University, Ardabil, Iran. agamohammadi_1350@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Masoomeh Aghamohammadi
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kalkhoran
authors.forename: Mansoureh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karimollahi