title: Induction of human monocyte interleukin (IL)-8 by fibrinogen through the toll-like receptor pathway.
abstract: Fibrinogen, in addition to its role in coagulation, is also an acute phase protein of inflammation. Treatment of adherent human monocytes with fibrinogen increases IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, but has no effect on MCP-1, IFN-beta, or IP-10. Treatment of monocytes with fibrinogen and C5a doubles IL-8 and IL-6 production, compared to fibrinogen alone. The increase in cytokine production was accompanied by a transient increase in IL-8 mRNA and increased NF-kappaB activity. Monocytes from an IRAK-4- and two NEMO-deficient patients had 80% reduced IL-8 responses to fibrinogen. Moreover, responses to fibrinogen were blocked with anti-CD14 antibody (MY4), a subunit of the LPS receptor. The data indicate that fibrinogen alone and fibrinogen plus C5a are potent inducers of cytokine production in monocytes, and that signaling by fibrinogen is mediated through the TLR-4 pathway.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Services Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Kuhns
authors.forename: Debra A Long
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Priel
authors.forename: John I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Gallin
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015936:Complement C5a / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C491731:IKBKG protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015936:Complement C5a; D005340:Fibrinogen; C507773:IRAK4 protein, human; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase