title: Ethical climate, ethics stress, and the job satisfaction of nurses and social workers in the United States.
abstract: Nurses and social workers are fundamental to the delivery of quality health care across the continuum of care. As health care becomes increasingly complex, these providers encounter difficult ethical issues in patient care, perceive limited respect in their work, and are increasingly dissatisfied. However, the link between ethics-related work factors and job satisfaction and intent-to-leave one's job has rarely been considered. In this paper, we describe how nurses and social workers in the US view the ethical climate in which they work, including the degree of ethics stress they feel, and the adequacy of organizational resources to address their ethical concerns. Controlling for socio-demographics, we examined the extent to which these factors affect nurses and social workers' job satisfaction and their interest in leaving their current position. Data were from self-administered mail questionnaires of 1215 randomly selected nurses and social workers in four census regions of the US. Respondents reported feeling powerless (32.5%) and overwhelmed (34.7%) with ethical issues in the workplace and frustration (52.8%) and fatigue (40%) when they cannot resolve ethical issues. In multivariate models, a positive ethical climate and job satisfaction protected against respondents' intentions to leave as did perceptions of adequate or extensive institutional support for dealing with ethical issues. Black nurses were 3.21 times more likely than white nurses to want to leave their position. We suggest several strategies to reduce ethics stress and improve the ethical climate of the workplace for nurses and social workers.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA. culrich@nursing.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farrar
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Danis
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grady
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004989:Ethics; D004993:Ethics, Nursing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D012947:Social Work; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States