title: Who is treated, and how, for depression? An analysis of statutory health insurance data in Germany.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies on the treatment of depression using epidemiological survey methods suggest a high level of under-treatment. Little is known about the characteristics of those people receiving treatment and indeed what kind of treatment they are likely to receive.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of the data of a statutory health insurance company in Germany.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In middle-aged groups, about 50% of those diagnosed as being depressed in outpatient care are prescribed antidepressants and/or psychotherapy in the course of a year. There is more pharmacologic treatment provided in rural areas and more psychotherapy in cities, suggesting that treatment is dependent upon service availability rather than evidence-based treatment decisions. Treatment rates are considerably lower in the very young and the very old and show gender bias. Young females receive less pharmacologic treatment than young males, and elderly men are, in general, treated less than women, suggesting under-treatment at least for these groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low treatment rates following the diagnosis of depression in the young and the old require attention, in particular with respect to gender aspect.
authors.affiliation: Dept. for Epidemiology, Social Medicine, and Health System Research, Medical School Hannover, OE 5410, Carl Neunberg Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany. bramesfeld.a@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bramesfeld
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grobe
authors.forename: Friedrich Wilhelm
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007358:Insurance, Psychiatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires