title: Brainwaves are stethoscopes: ERP correlates of novel metaphor comprehension.
abstract: The processing of unfamiliar metaphors was examined using event related potentials (ERPs). We compared the patterns of brain electrical activity elicited by processing two-word expressions denoting literal, conventional metaphoric, and novel metaphoric meaning, as well as unrelated word pairs. Participants performed a semantic judgment task in which they decided whether each word pair conveyed a meaningful expression. N400 amplitude to the second word of the pair varied as a function of expression type in a graded manner increasing from literal expressions to conventional metaphors, to novel metaphors and to unrelated pairs. N400s elicited by novel metaphors showed a right-biased scalp distribution as compared to those elicited by conventional metaphors. Novel metaphors also elicited a right-sided late negativity suggesting further attempts to integrate meaning in a non-literal fashion, a result that supports the sequential view of novel metaphor comprehension. These findings are consistent with recent brain imaging studies and complement them by adding the temporal dynamics dimension.
authors.affiliation: Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel.
authors.forename: Yossi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arzouan
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faust
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D032882:Comprehension / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019365:Metaphor; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D019023:Stethoscopes; D013997:Time Factors