title: Coxsackievirus B3 modulates cell death by downregulating activating transcription factor 3 in HeLa cells.
abstract: Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is an early-induced gene involved in diverse cellular functions in response to various stresses including viral infection. Here we observed marked reduction of ATF3 by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection and investigated the regulation and functional role of ATF3 in HeLa cells for the understanding of biological significance of ATF3 downregulation. CVB3 infection markedly reduced ATF3 expression at mRNA and protein levels in parallel with p53 degradation, and preservation of p53 expression rescued CVB3 infection-induced ATF3 downregulation. ATF3 overexpression stimulated apoptotic cell death following CVB3 infection, accompanying with augmentation of CVB3 infection-induced eIF2alpha phosphorylation. However, ATF3 overexpression did not affect viral protein production but promoted virus progeny release. Taken together, our results suggest that ATF3 is under control of p53 in part and that the ATF3 downregulation via p53 degradation may contribute to effective viral production as a modulation mechanism of CVB3 infection-induced cell death.
authors.affiliation: Division of Intractable Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, 194 Tongillo, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul 122-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ha Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Joo-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joong-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Sun-Ku
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Jae-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Sang Ick
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D051700:Activating Transcription Factor 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D017209:Apoptosis; D015536:Down-Regulation; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D051700:Activating Transcription Factor 3; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53