title: Variability of venom skin tests.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Venom skin tests constitute the cornerstone in establishing the diagnosis of venom allergy. In spite of their fundamental role, data regarding their reproducibility and variability are rather sparse. This paper is an overview of our current knowledge on the extent of variability in venom skin testing, the possible causes for this phenomenon and its clinical implications. It points out certain clinical situations in which this possible variability should be taken into account and anticipates potential venues of expanding our understanding of this debatable subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A single recent study addressed the reproducibility of skin tests and serum venom-specific immunoglobulin E levels. Using a simple positive-negative or vice versa criterion for all three venoms examined on two different sessions, this study showed an overall 66% reproducibility of the skin test reactions and 59% reproducibility of the venom-specific immunoglobulin E assay results. According to an accompanying editorial, however, the validity of these results needs to be confirmed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Determination of the real magnitude of venom skin test variability is required. At present, in specific clinical situations, repeated skin tests and measurement of serum venom-specific immunoglobulin E should be considered before the initiation of venom immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: The Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Meir Hospital, Kfar-Saba, Israel and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. arnong@clalit.org.il
authors.forename: Arnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001180:Arthropod Venoms / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D003429:Cross Reactions; D006801:Humans; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000276:immunology; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000150:complications; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012882:Skin Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D001180:Arthropod Venoms; D007073:Immunoglobulin E