title: IL-6-dependent and -independent pathways in the development of interleukin 17-producing T helper cells.
abstract: CD4(+) T cells producing IL-17 [T helper (Th)17], as distinct from Th1 or Th2 cells, have recently been shown to be associated with autoimmunity, but it is not entirely clear how Th17 cells are generated from naïve T cells. We demonstrate here that IL-6, but not TNF-alpha or IL-1beta, can, in combination with TGF-beta, induce Th17 cell generation from naïve T cells and inhibit TGF-beta-induced Foxp3 expression. Moreover, conditioned medium from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCCM) can induce IL-17 production in naïve T cells. Interestingly, IL-17 was produced by DCCM even with the addition of anti-gp130 antibody or DCCM from IL-6 KO mice. The combination of IL-6 and TGF-beta could maintain activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3, but not of Stat1. IL-27 or IFN-gamma suppressed the induction of Th17 cells by TGF-beta plus IL-6 and maintained Stat1 activation under these conditions. In contrast, both Stat1 and Stat3 remained to be activated in naïve T cells cultured with DCCM. These findings represent a different basis for Th17 differentiation from naïve T cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, 1-3, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naka
authors.forename: Tadamitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000187:drug effects; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D057132:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D020381:Interleukin-17; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D057132:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C539900:RORC protein, human; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; C539901:Rorc protein, mouse; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma