title: Reductions of non-pest insects in dung of cattle treated with endectocides: a comparison of four products.
abstract: Pour-on formulations of four endectocide products were compared to assess the effect of faecal residues on insects developing in naturally-colonized dung of treated cattle. In each of three independent experiments, suppression of insects was associated with application of doramectin, eprinomectin and ivermectin, but no effect was observed for moxidectin. When data were combined across experiments to increase sample sizes, suppression of insects was observed for each compound, with the least effect being observed for moxidectin. Based on the number of species affected and duration of suppression, doramectin > ivermectin > eprinomectin >> moxidectin were ranked in descending order of adverse effect. A second set of three independent experiments was performed to assess the effect of endectocide treatment on dung degradation. Delayed degradation was observed for dung of cattle treated with doramectin, eprinomectin and moxidectin in the first experiment. No effect of treatment was detected in the second experiment. An effect of moxidectin was detected in the third experiment, but differences could not be detected with subsequent post-hoc tests. When data were combined across experiments to increase sample sizes, delayed degradation was detected only for eprinomectin. The apparent discrepancy between the low effect of moxidectin on insects versus its effect of dung degradation suggests the confounding action of other unidentified factors. Results of the current study indicate that use of moxidectin is least likely to affect the natural assemblage of insects associated with cattle dung.
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, P.O. Box 3000, Alberta, Canada. floatek@agr.gc.ca
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Floate
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Colwell
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005243:Feces; D007313:Insecta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018942:Macrolides / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; D007559:Ivermectin; C101434:eprinomectin; C084101:doramectin; C027837:moxidectin