title: Panax Ginseng in combination with brewers' yeast (Gerivet) as a stimulant for geriatric dogs: a controlled-randomized blinded study.
abstract: The study was performed on two groups of dogs, one (n = 41) given Ginseng (Panax Ginseng) together with brewers' yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae) and the other (n = 39) given only brewers' yeast (control group, but not a true placebo), for 8 weeks. Using a questionnaire and three visual analogue scales, the blinded owners evaluated the dogs before the trial, weekly for the 8 weeks of the trial and twice, at 12th and 16th weeks, after the trial (follow-up). At 8th, 12th and 16th weeks the owners also answered questions concerning what treatment their dogs likely had been getting, willingness to continue medication and the dogs' general status. The changes from baseline to the end of the treatment period in the variable scores were calculated for each dog and used in statistics. Panax Ginseng plus yeast significantly improved all evaluated variables within the group. Four of the seven primary (mentally) outcome measures were significant when comparing the changes in the Ginseng group with the control group, and six of the seven were significant when compared to an external group. As the secondary (physical) outcome measures were significantly better in both the Ginseng and the control group compared to the external group, it indicates that brewers' yeast is the ingredient that has impact on physical performance. No significant changes in blood- or urine analyses and no side effects were seen.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. anna.hielm-bjorkman@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hielm-Björkman
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Reunanen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meri
authors.forename: R-M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Tulamo
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000662:veterinary; D005894:Panax; D008517:Phytotherapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015003:Yeasts
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D004338:Drug Combinations