title: Stimulation of baculovirus transcriptome expression in mammalian cells by baculoviral transcriptional activators.
abstract: Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), the type species of the family Baculoviridae, is an insect-specific virus that can enter a variety of mammalian cells. The potential of this versatile virus for protein expression or gene therapy in mammalian cells has become the focus of many studies. In most mammalian cells, transduced AcMNPV genes are either not expressed or expressed at an extremely low level. Here, we studied the effects of the two major AcMNPV trans-activators, IE1 and IE2, on the activation of AcMNPV genome in Vero E6 cells. Microarray analysis showed that when IE1 was overexpressed, it significantly activated genes gp64 and pe38, and upregulated ie2, he65, pcna, orf16, orf17 and orf25. Although, there were only two genes, pe38 and orf17, that were activated by IE2, we discovered interestingly that the combination of IE1 and IE2 factors had a synergistic effect on activation of the AcMNPV genome in mammalian cells, and activated around 38 %, or 59 out of the 155 genes placed on the microarray. This is the first detailed study of baculoviral transcription regulation in mammalian cells, and it shows that the baculoviral genome can be activated in a mammalian system, and also that the two major trans-activators, IE1 and IE2, play a central role in this activation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Catherine Y Y
authors.initials: CYY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jui Ching
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.|Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu Chan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D005814:Genes, Viral; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D017924:Nucleopolyhedroviruses / Q000235:genetics*; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000235:genetics*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014161:Transduction, Genetic; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014709:Vero Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C069183:Ac-IE-1 protein, Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus; C095109:Ac-PE38 protein, Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014764:Viral Proteins; C072773:IE2 protein, polyhedrosis virus