title: Endoscopic appearance of GERD: putative role of cell proliferation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Erosive esophagitis is a frequent endoscopic feature in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. However, most of patients with heartburn/regurgitation have a non-erosive reflux disease. The reason for this heterogeneous impact of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease on oesophageal mucosa is unknown to date.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the cell proliferation status of oesophageal epithelium in both healthy normal subjects and patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease with or without erosions.
  
  
  METHODS
  All the subjects underwent endoscopy and biopsies were taken at 5 cm from the squamo-columnar junction. Specimens were analysed both at histology and at transmission electron microscopy. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MIB1 immunostaining. Of the 85 subjects were studied, 10 were healthy controls with normal pH-testing and macroscopical, histological and ultrastructural patterns; 37 were patients with erosive esophagitis, and 38 patients with non-erosive reflux disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At histology, of the 37 patients affected by erosive esophagitis, 30 had normal mucosa and 7 showed mild oesophagitis. One patient with non-erosive reflux disease showed signs of oesophagitis at histology. At TEM, all patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease had ultrastructural patterns of damage i.e. dilations of intercellular spaces (DIS), and all controls had a normal ultrastructural pattern. The mean (+/-SD) MIB1-LI values of normal subjects and non-erosive reflux disease and erosive oesophagitis patients were 62.2% (+/-9.1), 29.7% (+/-7.2) and 16.2% (+/-5.2), respectively; there were significant differences among the three groups (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oesophageal mucosa of patients with reflux symptoms presents a decrease in MIB1 immunostaining of 50% and 25% in non-erosive reflux disease and erosive esophagitis patients with respect to normal subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Bologna, Italy. calabrese.c@med.unibo.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trerè
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fabbri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cenacchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vici
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Derenzini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Febo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018450:Disease Progression; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D004947:Esophagus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005745:Gastric Acidity Determination; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism; D014741:Video Recording
chemical_list: C513496:MIB1 ligase, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases