title: Parent opinions about the appropriate ages at which adult supervision is unnecessary for bathing, street crossing, and bicycling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe parent opinions about when typical children can engage in activities unsupervised.
  
  
  METHODS
  Telephone survey combined with the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colorado.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine hundred forty-five households with children aged 1 to 14 years. Main Exposures Family and household characteristics and caregiver behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean ages at which the caregiver believes typical children can bathe without an adult present, cross busy streets without holding hands, and bicycle in busy streets unsupervised.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For bathing, the mean age was 6.6 (range, 2-15) years; mean ages were 1.0 year older among Hispanic white parents (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-1.4 years) and 0.8 year younger among parents whose child rode with an impaired driver in the past month (95% CI, -1.5 to -0.1 years). For street crossing, mean age was 9.0 (range, 3-16) years; mean ages were 1.2 years older among Hispanic white parents (95% CI, 0.6-1.8 years), 0.7 year older in single-parent households (95% CI, 0.1-1.3 years), and 0.3 year younger among parents whose child rode with a speeding driver in the past month (95% CI, -0.5 to 0.0 year). For bicycling, mean age was 12.2 (range, 6-21) years; mean ages were 1.5 years younger in households with a risky drinker (95% CI, -2.5 to -0.5 years) and 0.5 year younger among parents whose child rode with a speeding driver in the past month (95% CI, -0.9 to -0.1 year).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parent opinions about when adult supervision is unnecessary varied with parent behavior and family and household characteristics. Differential supervision may partially explain reports of lower child injury rates among Hispanic and less educated families. Identification of parent and household factors associated with supervision practices might help pediatricians target counseling about age-appropriate supervision.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
authors.forename: Todd R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Lori A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.forename: L Miriam
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dickinson
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gannon
authors.forename: Jodi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drisko
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: DiGuiseppi
mesh_terms: D000056:Accident Prevention / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001494:Baths / Q000592:standards*; D040343:Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; D001642:Bicycling / Q000592:standards*; D002648:Child; D002668:Child Rearing; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003120:Colorado; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012449:Safety / Q000592:standards*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires