title: Effects of the toxic dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium catenatum on hydrolytic and antioxidant enzymes, in tissues of the giant lions-paw scallop Nodipecten subnodosus.
abstract: This study documents effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum, a producer of paralytic shellfish poison, on juvenile farmed (5.9+/-0.39 cm) giant lions-paw scallop Nodipecten subnodosus. Scallops were fed bloom concentrations of toxic dinoflagellate G. catenatum for 7 h. The effect of the toxic dinoflagellate in different tissues was determined by analysis of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, gluthathione peroxidase), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (lipid peroxidation), and hydrolytic enzymes (proteases, glycosidases, phosphatases, lipases, and esterases). Histopathological photos record the effects of the toxic dinoflagellate in various tissues. The results show that juvenile lions-paw scallops produce pseudo-feces, partially close their shell, increase melanization, and aggregate hemocytes. Several enzymes were affected and could serve as biological markers. In general, the adductor muscle was not affected. In the digestive gland, some enzymes could be the result of defensive and digestive processes. Gills and mantle tissue were markedly affected because these sites respond first to toxic dinoflagellates, leading to the idea that proteolytic cascades could be involved.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patología Marina, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Mar Bermejo 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico.
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Estrada
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Jesús Romero
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campa-Córdova
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ascencio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004064:Digestive System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D005088:Exocrine Glands / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008543:Melanins / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D049897:Pectinidae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D011042:Poisons / Q000633:toxicity*; D012530:Saxitoxin / Q000633:toxicity*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008543:Melanins; D011042:Poisons; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D012530:Saxitoxin; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D006867:Hydrolases