title: Association of daily cause-specific mortality with ambient particle air pollution in Wuhan, China.
abstract: In Asia, limited literature has been published on the association between daily mortality and ambient air pollution. We examined the associations of daily cause-specific mortality with daily mean concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with a mass median aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microm (PM(10)) in Wuhan, China using 4 years of data (2001-2004). There are approximately 4.5 million residents in Wuhan who live in the city core area of 201 km(2) where air pollution levels are higher and pollution ranges are wider than the majority of cities in the published literature. We use quasi-likelihood estimation within the context of the generalized additive models (GAMs) (natural spline (NS) models in R) to model the natural logarithm of the expected daily death counts as a function of the predictor variables. We found consistent PM(10) effects on mortality with the strongest effects on lag 0 day. Every 10 microg/m(3) increase in PM(10) daily concentration at lag 0 day was significantly associated with an increase in non-accidental (0.36%; 95% CI 0.19-0.53%), cardiovascular (0.51%; 95% CI 0.28-0.75%), stroke (0.44%; 95% CI 0.16-0.72%), cardiac (0.49%; 95% CI 0.08-0.89%), respiratory (0.71%; 95% CI 0.20-1.23%), and cardiopulmonary (0.46%; 95% CI 0.23-0.69%). In general, these effects were stronger among the elderly (65 years > or = 45 years) than among the young. The exploration of exposure-response relationships between PM(10) and cause-specific mortality suggests the appropriateness of assuming linear relationships, where the PM(10) concentration in Wuhan ranged from 24.8 to 477.8 microg/m(3). We conclude that there is consistent evidence of acute effects of PM(10) on cardiopulmonary mortality. A linear no threshold exposure-response relationship is suggested between PM(10) and the studied cause-specific mortality.
authors.affiliation: Health Evaluation Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, A210, 600 Centerview Drive, P.O. Box 855, Hershey, PA 17033-0855, USA. zqian@psu.edu
authors.forename: Zhengmin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Qingci
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Hung-Mo
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Lingli
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Duanping
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Jijun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dan
authors.forename: Christy M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.forename: Beiwei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter