title: Cellular phone use and brain tumor: a meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The dramatic increase in the use of cellular phones has generated concerns about potential adverse effects, especially the development of brain tumors. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the effect of cellular phone use on the risk of brain tumor development.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the literature using MEDLINE to locate case-control studies on cellular phone use and brain tumors. Odds ratios (ORs) for overall effect and stratified ORs associated with specific brain tumors, long-term use, and analog/digital phones were calculated for each study using its original data. A pooled estimator of each OR was then calculated using a random-effects model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine case-control studies containing 5,259 cases of primary brain tumors and 12,074 controls were included. All studies reported ORs according to brain tumor subtypes, and five provided ORs on patients with > or =10 years of follow up. Pooled analysis showed an overall OR of 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81-0.99) for cellular phone use and brain tumor development. The pooled OR for long-term users of > or =10 years (5 studies) was 1.25 (95% CI 1.01-1.54). No increased risk was observed in analog or digital cellular phone users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no overall increased risk of brain tumors among cellular phone users. The potential elevated risk of brain tumors after long-term cellular phone use awaits confirmation by future studies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, 100 N. Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84113-1100, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.forename: Sara E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Simonsen
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lyon
authors.forename: John R W
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kestle
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D040421:Cell Phone; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D016239:MEDLINE / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects*