title: Risk factors of catheter-related bloodstream infections in parenteral nutrition catheterization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intravascular catheters are integral to the practice of modern medicine. Potential risk factors for catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) include underlying disease, method of catheter insertion, and duration and purpose of catheterization. The administration of parenteral nutrition (PN) through intravascular catheters increases CRBSI risks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of CRBSI in patients with PN administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted at the Karadeniz Technical University Hospital between October 2003 and November 2004. All the patients to whom PN was administered through intravascular catheters were prospectively monitored for the presence of CRBSI and risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 111 intravascular catheters through which PN was administered were monitored for a total of 1646 catheter-days. CRBSI was determined in 31 cases, a CRBSI rate of 18.8 per 1,000 catheter-days. When risk factors affecting CRBSI were investigated using logistic regression, an increase in APACHE II score (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.21; p = .012), prolongation of catheterization (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02-1.14; p = .004), catheterization in emergent conditions (OR, 5.45; 95% CI, 1.20-24.82; p = .016), and poor patient hygiene (OR, 4.38; 95% CI, 1.39-13.78; p = .019) were all determined to be independent risk factors. Proper implementation of hand hygiene and maximal barrier precautions during the insertion of catheters reduced CRBSI levels (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.09-0.88; p = .003 and OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.08-0.93; p = .017, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that the duration of catheterization should be shortened; that the intravascular catheter, which is inserted in urgent situations, should be removed as soon as possible; and that maximal sterile barrier precautions should be taken and due attention should be paid to hand hygiene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey. gurdalyilmaz53@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Gurdal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Iftihar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koksal
authors.forename: Kemalettin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: Rahmet
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caylan
authors.forename: Nurgun
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sucu
authors.forename: Firdevs
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aksoy
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D017053:Infection Control; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors