title: Use of the physiologically-based extraction test to assess the oral bioaccessibility of metals in vegetable plants grown in contaminated soil.
abstract: The oral bioaccessibility of metals in vegetable plants grown on contaminated soil was assessed. This was done using the physiologically-based extraction test (PBET) to simulate the human digestion of plant material. A range of vegetable plants, i.e. carrot, lettuce, radish and spinach, were grown on metal contaminated soil. After reaching maturity the plants were harvested and analysed for their total metal content (i.e. Cr, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The plant samples were then subsequently extracted using an in vitro gastrointestinal approach or PBET to assess the likelihood of oral bioaccessibility if the material was consumed by humans.
authors.affiliation: Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Centre, School of Applied Sciences, University of Northumbria at Newcastle, Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Intawongse
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dean
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D001682:Biological Availability; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000378:metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D006256:Hazardous Waste; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018545:Lactuca / Q000378:metabolism; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D031224:Raphanus / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000378:metabolism; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006256:Hazardous Waste; D008670:Metals; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002857:Chromium; D007854:Lead; D008345:Manganese; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; D007501:Iron