title: Podocalyxin increases the aggressive phenotype of breast and prostate cancer cells in vitro through its interaction with ezrin.
abstract: Podocalyxin is an anti-adhesive transmembrane sialomucin that has been implicated in the development of more aggressive forms of breast and prostate cancer. The mechanism through which podocalyxin increases cancer aggressiveness remains poorly understood but may involve the interaction of podocalyxin with ezrin, an established mediator of metastasis. Here, we show that overexpression of podocalyxin in MCF7 breast cancer and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines increased their in vitro invasive and migratory potential and led to increased expression of matrix metalloproteases 1 and 9 (MMP1 and MMP9). Podocalyxin expression also led to an increase in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity. To determine the role of ezrin in these podocalyxin-dependent phenotypic events, we first confirmed that podocalyxin formed a complex with ezrin in MCF7 and PC3 cells. Furthermore, expression of podocalyxin was associated with a changed ezrin subcellular localization and increased ezrin phosphorylation. Transient knockdown of ezrin protein abrogated MAPK and PI3K signaling as well as MMP expression and invasiveness in cancer cells overexpressing podocalyxin. These findings suggest that podocalyxin leads to increased in vitro migration and invasion, increased MMP expression, and increased activation of MAPK and PI3K activity in MCF7 and PC3 cells through its ability to form a complex with ezrin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sizemore
authors.forename: Muzaffer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cicek
authors.forename: Nywana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sizemore
authors.forename: Kwok Peng
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Casey
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010641:Phenotype; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D000099149:Ezrin
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D000099149:Ezrin; C001643:podocalyxin