title: [Prevalence of postural changes in high school students in a city in southern Brazil].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of lateral and anteroposterior postural changes in female adolescents and to investigate whether these changes are associated with certain socioeconomic, demographic, anthropometric, or behavioral variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  This epidemiologic survey included a representative sample of 495 high school students from regular day school programs in the city of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, which is in the South region of Brazil. The students, who were 14 to 18 years old, were assessed in October and November of 2004. Postural changes were defined as skews in the spinal curvature, identified through noninvasive postural assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of lateral changes was 66% (95% confidence interval (CI): 61.5% to 70.0%) vs. 70% for anteroposterior changes (95% CI: 65.2% to 73.5%). Lateral changes were more prevalent in students with a normal body mass index (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.59) and in those who watched television for more than 10 hours weekly (PR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.32). The prevalence of anteroposterior changes was higher in students whose parents/guardians had no schooling or only had elementary schooling (female guardians: PR = 1.30, 95% CI of 1.09 to 1.55; male guardians: PR = 1.20, 95% CI of 1.02 to 1.40) and in students who were overweight or obese (PR = 1.33; 95% CI of 1.19 to 1.48).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence of postural changes observed is reason for concern since these changes can translate into spinal problems in the medium to long term. Health professionals, including physical education teachers, should be trained to perform postural assessments, which should be routinely done in schools.
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, São Leopoldo, RS, Brasil. cintiadetsch@gmail.com
authors.forename: Cíntia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Detsch
authors.forename: Anna Maria Hecker
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Luz
authors.forename: Cláudia Tarragô
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Candotti
authors.forename: Daniela Scotto
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Franciane
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lazaron
authors.forename: Lisiane Kiefer
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schimanoski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011187:Posture; D013121:Spinal Curvatures / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014505:Urban Population