title: [Reconstructive methods for hypopharynx and cervical esophagus].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the surgical treatment for reconstructing hypopharynx and cervical esophagus after hypopharyngo-oesophagectomy, and to evalue its efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Different methods were adopted to reconstruct the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus among 25 cases, including 14 cases of carcinoma of the hypopharynx and 11 of carcinoma of hypopharynx and cervical esophagus. In accordance with the standard of the International Union Against Cancer in 1997, the 25 cases were divided into different clinic stages, among which 5 were in T(2)N(0), 2 in T(2)N(1), 4 in T(3)N(0), 3 in T(3)N(1), 7 in T(4)N(1) and 3 in T(4)N(2). Treatment protocol was as follow: Pure operation for 5 cases, re-operation after radiotherapy for 2 cases, operation plus radiotherapy for 18 cases, laryngeal conservation operation for 8, and neck dissection for 21 cases. Reconstruction was done by using free jejunal transplantation, gastric pull-up, the laryngotracheal flap, and myocutaneous flap.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the reconstruction, 3 cases of free jejunal graft and gastric pull-up, 4 of laryngotracheal flap recovered oral fleeding within 2 weeks. No serious complications occurred. After 18 cases underwent the myocutaneous flap reconstruction, no complications occurred in 10 patients, but there were different complications in 8 cases, including pharyngocutaneous fistula (6 cases), haryngoesphageal stenosis (7 cases), and pectoralis major myocutaneous flap necrotic (1 case). The 3-year survival rate was 38.9% (7/18).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reconstruction with free jejunal graft, gastric pull-up, and laryngotracheal flap constitutes is a safe and reliable method to restore the continuity of the upper digestive tract after pharyngo-laryngo-oesophagectomy. After the reconstruction with myocutaneous flap, there is high incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula and haryngoesophageal stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Shu-hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xin-ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yi-ci
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Xiang-bo
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Zhong-gen
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Feng-lei
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hai-zhi
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Jian-ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Zi-an
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Qing-lai
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ding-hua
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D004944:Esophagoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D007013:Hypopharynx / Q000601:surgery*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000637:transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D013524:Surgical Flaps