title: Alterations of temporomandibular disorders before and after orthognathic surgery: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To answer the question whether orthognathic surgery does affect the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature survey in the PubMed and Cochrane Library electronic databases was performed and covered the period from January 1966 to April 2006. The inclusion criteria were controlled, prospective or retrospective studies comparing TMDs before and after orthognathic surgery in patients with malocclusion. There were no language restrictions, and three reviewers selected and extracted the data independently. The quality of the retrieved articles was evaluated by four reviewers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search strategy resulted in 467 articles, of which 3 met the inclusion criteria. Because of few studies with unambiguous results and heterogeneity in study design, the scientific evidence was insufficient to evaluate the effects that orthognathic surgery had on TMD. Moreover, the studies had problems with inadequate selection description, confounding factors, and lack of method error analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To obtain reliable scientific evidence, additional well-controlled and well-designed studies are needed to determine how and if orthognathic surgery alters signs and symptoms of TMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö , Sweden. cecilia.abrahamsson@od.mah.se
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Abrahamsson
authors.forename: EwaCarin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ekberg
authors.forename: Thor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Henrikson
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bondemark
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000601:surgery*; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome