title: The Thai Anesthesia Incidents Study (THAI study) of morbidity after spinal anesthesia: a multi-centered registry of 40,271 anesthetics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study was part of the Thai Anesthesia Incidents Study (THAI Study) of anesthetic adverse outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Study complications after spinal anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the 12 month period (March 1, 2003 - February 28, 2004), a prospective multicentered descriptive study was conducted in 20 hospitals comprised of seven university, five tertiary, four general and four district hospitals across Thailand Anesthesia personnel filled up patient-related, surgical-related, and anesthesia-related variables and adverse outcomes of all consecutive patients receiving anesthesia on a structured data entry form. The data were collected during pre-anesthetic, intra-operative, and 24 hr post operative period Adverse event specific forms were used to record when these incidents occurred. Data were reviewed by three independent reviewers and analyzed to identify contributing factors by consensus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This was registry of 40,271 spinal anesthetics from 172,697 anesthetics. The incidence of total spinal anesthesia, neurological complications, suspected myocardial ischemia, or infarction and oxygen desaturation per 10000 spinal anesthetics were 3.48 (95% CI 1.66-5.30), 1.49 (95% CI 0.30-2.68), 2.73 (95% CI 1.12-4.35), 0.99 (95% CI 0.39-2.56), and 6.46 (95% CI 3.98-8.94) respectively. This was not different to the incidence in other countries. Risk factors of oxygen desaturation were shorter in height [OR 0.95 (95% CI 0.92-0.97); p < 0.0011, higher ASA physical status [OR 3.37 (95% CI 1.98-5.72); p < 0.001], and use of propofol [OR 5.22 (95% CI 1.78-15.35); p = 0.003]. Other complications such as seizure, anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reaction, drug error, and pulmonary aspiration were scarce. There was no case of mismatched blood transfusion in the present study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incidence of total spinal block, neurological complication, and suspected myocardial ischemia or infarction was uncommon. Risk factors of oxygen destruction were shorter in height, higher ASA physical status, and use of propofol. Some events were considered avoidable and preventable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. somratcu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Somrat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Charuluxananan
authors.forename: Somboon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thienthong
authors.forename: Mali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rungreungvanich
authors.forename: Thavat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chanchayanon
authors.forename: Thitima
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chinachoti
authors.forename: Oranuch
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kyokong
authors.forename: Yodying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Punjasawadwong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics