title: Treatment of anorexia nervosa is associated with increases in bone mineral density, and recovery is a biphasic process involving both nutrition and return of menses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recovery from osteoporosis in anorexia nervosa (AN) is uncertain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to understand the changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in women with AN and the mechanisms of recovery from osteopenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied BMD and markers of bone formation and resorption, osteocalcin and N-telopeptide (NTX), in patients with AN (n=28) who were following a behavioral weight-gain protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anorexic patients experienced significant percentage increases in BMD (4.38 +/- 7.48% for spine; 3.77 +/- 8.8% for hip; P<0.05 for both) from admission until recovery of 90% ideal body weight, achieved over 2.2 mo. NTX concentrations were higher in patients with AN at admission than in healthy control subjects (n=11; 69.0 +/- 31.09 and 48.3 +/- 14.38 nmol/mmol creatinine, respectively; P<0.05) and in reference control subjects (n=30; 69.0 +/- 31.09 and 37.0+/-6.00 nmol/mmol creatinine, respectively; P<0.001). In weight-recovered subjects with AN, osteocalcin increased (from 8.0 +/- 3.05 to 11.2 +/- 6.54 ng/mL; P<0.05), whereas NTX remained elevated (from 69.0 +/- 31.09 to 66.7 +/- 45.5 nmol/mmol creatinine; NS). A decrease in NTX (from 70.7 +/- 40.84 to 45.9 +/- 22.72 nmol/mmol creatinine; NS) occurred only in the subgroup of subjects who regained menses with weight recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nutritional rehabilitation induces a powerful anabolic effect on bone. However, a fall of NTX and a shift from the dominant resorptive state, which we postulate involves full recovery, may involve a hormonal mechanism and require a return of menses. Nutritional rehabilitation appears to be critical to bone recovery and may explain the ineffectiveness of estrogen treatment alone on BMD in the cachectic state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dominguez
authors.forename: Linnea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Surupa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sen Gupta
authors.forename: Laurel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Sarah Fischer
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Etu
authors.forename: B Timothy
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pierson
authors.forename: Michelle P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008598:Menstruation; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D015675:Osteocalcin; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone