title: Temporal trends in the frequency and longer-term outcome of heart failure complicating myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate trends in incidence and long-term outcome of heart failure (HF) developing within 28 days of first-ever acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified all residents of Perth, Western Australia aged 25-64 years, with no history of HF, who experienced a non-fatal, first-ever AMI between 1984 and 1993, and followed them for ten years. All patients (N=4006) met the criteria for 'definite AMI' in WHO MONItoring trends and determinants of CArdiovascular disease (MONICA) Project and 897 (22.4%) had early-onset HF complicating the index event. After adjustment for age, current smoking, history of diabetes and hypertension, Q-wave and anterior wall AMI, the odds of developing HF declined by 9% (odds ratio for period 1989-1993 relative to 1984-1988=0.91, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.78 to 1.06). Over 10 years of follow-up, patients with early-onset HF had a cumulative average number of re-admissions of 28 per 100 as compared with 9 per 100 in patients without HF. After adjustment for age, history of diabetes and hypertension, the hazard of death in patients with early-onset HF declined by 26% (HR for the period 1989-1993 relative to 1984-1988=0.74, 95%CI: 0.57 to 0.96).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest a decline in the incidence of, and show encouraging evidence of improvement in survival after, early-onset HF complicating AMI.
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia. s4048347@student.uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Najafi
authors.forename: Annette J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dobson
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hobbs
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jamrozik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications*; D013997:Time Factors