title: Renoprotective effect of N-type Ca channel blockade in diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the renoprotective effect on diabetic nephropathy of a novel class of Ca(2+) channel blocker, cilnidipine, that inhibits both L-type and N-type Ca(2+) channels; a conventional L-type Ca(2+) channel blocker was substituted with cilnidipine in type 2 diabetic patients with albuminuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urinary albumin index (UAI), serum creatinine, and blood pressure were measured in 38 outpatients with type 2 diabetes receiving amlodipine, an L-type Ca(2+) channel blocker, in addition to an angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor and/or an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker. Amlodipine was then substituted with cilnidipine, and the same parameters were measured after 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although blood pressure was not significantly changed after substitution with cilnidipine, log-transformed UAI was significantly decreased (P=.004) with a mean reduction of 28% [95% confidence interval (CI)=11-42]. Serum creatinine was significantly (P=.04) increased (from 0.82+/-0.22 to 0.86+/-0.23 mg/dl). When the subjects were divided into two groups according to the change in serum creatinine, UAI change was significant only in those with an increase in serum creatinine, who exhibited a mean reduction of UAI of 39% (95% CI=16-56, P=.005), but not in those without an increase in serum creatinine, whose mean reduction of UAI was 18% (95% CI=-12 to 40, P=.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with diabetic nephropathy, blocking N-type Ca(2+) channels with a new class of Ca(2+) channel blocker resulted in a significant reduction in albuminuria, suggesting a renoprotective effect of N-type Ca(2+) channel blockade, even when combined with renin-angiotensin inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0081, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikegami
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noso
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiromine
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishino
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogihara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000378:metabolism; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020864:Calcium Channels, N-Type / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D020864:Calcium Channels, N-Type; D004095:Dihydropyridines; C065927:cilnidipine