title: Cotreatment with the kappa opioid agonist U69593 enhances locomotor sensitization to the D2/D3 dopamine agonist quinpirole and alters dopamine D2 receptor and prodynorphin mRNA expression in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The repeated coadministration of the kappa opioid receptor agonist U69593 with the D2/D3 dopamine (DA) agonist quinpirole (QNP) potentiates locomotor sensitization induced by QNP. Behavioral evidence has implicated both pre- and postsynaptic changes as being involved in this augmentation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to obtain supporting molecular evidence of pre- and/or postsynaptic alterations in the DA system with U69593/QNP cotreatment and to examine the relationship of such changes to locomotor sensitization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gene expression of D1 and D2 receptors (D1R and D2R), the DA transporter, as well as the endogenous opioid prodynorphin (DYN), in the basal ganglia was examined by in situ hybridization in rats after one or ten drug injections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After one injection, changes that were specific to U69593/QNP cotreatment were decreased D1R and D2R messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus accumbens (Acb) shell and increased DYN mRNA in the dorsal striatum (STR). After ten injections, U69593/QNP-specific changes were decreased D2R mRNA in substantia nigra (SN) and increased DYN mRNA in STR and Acb core. Only in U69593/QNP rats was the sensitized locomotor performance on injection ten positively correlated with DYN mRNA levels in Acb and STR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distinct alterations of D2R and DYN mRNA levels in SN and Acb/STR, respectively, strengthen the evidence implicating pre- and postsynaptic changes in augmented locomotor sensitization to U69593/QNP cotreatment. It is suggested that repeated U69593/QNP cotreatment may augment locomotor sensitization to QNP by activating D1R-expressing DYN neurons and attenuating presynaptic D2R function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Health Science Centre, Room 4N7, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. perreaml@univmail.cis.mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: Melissa L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Perreault
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scattolon
authors.forename: Yufang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Szechtman
authors.forename: Jane A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001345:Autoradiography / Q000379:methods; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D044482:Benzeneacetamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics*; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019257:Quinpirole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics*; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa / Q000819:agonists; D013460:Sulfur Isotopes; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D044482:Benzeneacetamides; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D004745:Enkephalins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa; D013460:Sulfur Isotopes; D019257:Quinpirole; C033660:preproenkephalin; C045444:U 69593