title: Radio frequency-induced temperature elevations in the human head considering small anatomical structures.
abstract: In order to enable a detailed numerical radio frequency (RF) dosimetry and the computations of RF-induced temperature elevations, high-resolution (0.1 mm) numerical models of the human eye, the inner ear organs and the pineal gland were developed and inserted into a commercially available head model. As radiation sources, generic models of handsets at 400, 900 and 1850 MHz operating in close proximity to the head were considered. The results, obtained by finite-difference time domain-based computations, showed a highly heterogeneous specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution and SAR-peaks inside the inner ear structures; however, the corresponding RF-induced temperature elevations were well below 0.1 degrees C, when considering typical output power values of handheld devices. In case of frontal exposure, with the radiation sources approximately 2.5 cm in front of the closed eye, maximum temperature elevations in the eye in the range of approximately 0.2-0.6 degrees C were found for typical device output powers. A reduction in tissue perfusion mainly affected the maximum RF-induced temperature elevation of tissues deep inside the head. Similarly, worst-case considerations regarding pulsed irradiation affected temperature elevations in deep tissue significantly more than in superficial tissues.
authors.affiliation: Austrian Research Centers GmbH-ARC, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. gernot.schmid@arcs.ac.at
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uberbacher
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Samaras
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D001822:Body Burden; D001831:Body Temperature; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000528:radiation effects; D005123:Eye / Q000528:radiation effects; D006257:Head / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000528:radiation effects; D011846:Radio Waves; D011874:Radiometry; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness