title: Morphine effects on striatal transcriptome in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic opiate use produces molecular and cellular adaptations in the nervous system that lead to tolerance, physical dependence, and addiction. Genome-wide comparison of morphine-induced changes in brain transcription of mouse strains with different opioid-related phenotypes provides an opportunity to discover the relationship between gene expression and behavioral response to the drug.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we analyzed the effects of single and repeated morphine administrations in selected inbred mouse strains (129P3/J, DBA/2J, C57BL/6J, and SWR/J). Using microarray-based gene expression profiling in striatum, we found 618 (false discovery rate < 1%) morphine-responsive transcripts. Through ontologic classification, we linked particular sets of genes to biologic functions, including metabolism, transmission of nerve impulse, and cell-cell signaling. We identified numerous novel morphine-regulated genes (for instance, Olig2 and Camk1g), and a number of transcripts with strain-specific changes in expression (for instance, Hspa1a and Fzd2). Moreover, transcriptional activation of a pattern of co-expressed genes (for instance, Tsc22d3 and Nfkbia) was identified as being mediated via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Further studies revealed that blockade of the GR altered morphine-induced locomotor activity and development of physical dependence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that there are differences between strains in the magnitude of transcriptional response to acute morphine treatment and in the degree of tolerance in gene expression observed after chronic morphine treatment. Using whole-genome transcriptional analysis of morphine effects in the striatum, we were able to reveal multiple physiological factors that may influence opioid-related phenotypes and to relate particular gene networks to this complex trait. The results also suggest the possible involvement of GR-regulated genes in mediating behavioral response to morphine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korostynski
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piechota
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaminska
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Solecki
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Przewlocki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D013045:Species Specificity; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine