title: Cloning and characterization of the rat lysyl oxidase gene promoter: identification of core promoter elements and functional nuclear factor I-binding sites.
abstract: Lysyl oxidase (LO) stabilizes the extracellular matrix by cross-linking collagen and elastin. To assess the transcriptional regulation of LO, we cloned the 5'-flanking region with 3,979 bp of the rat LO gene. LO transcription started at multiple sites clustered at the region from -78 to -51 upstream of ATG. The downstream core promoter element functionally independent of the initiator predominantly activated the TATA-less LO gene. 5' Deletion assays illustrated a sequence of 804 bp upstream of ATG sufficient for eliciting the maximal promoter activity and the region -709/-598 exhibiting strongly enhancing effects on the reporter gene expression in transiently transfected RFL6 cells. DNase I footprinting assays showed a protected pattern existing in the fragment -612/-580, which contains a nuclear factor I (NFI)-binding site at the region -594/-580 confirmed by electrophoretic mobility supershift assays. Mutations on this acting site decreased both NFI binding affinity in gel shift assays and stimulation of SV40 promoter activities in cells transfected with the NFI-binding site-SV40 promoter chimeric construct. Furthermore, at least two functional NFI-binding sites, including another one located at -147/-133, were identified in the LO promoter region -804/-1. Only NFI-A and NFI-B were expressed in rat lung fibroblasts, and their interaction with the LO gene was sensitively modulated by exogenous stimuli such as cigarette smoke condensate. In conclusion, the isolated rat LO gene promoter contains functionally independent initiator and downstream core promoter elements, and the conserved NFI-binding sites play a critical role in the LO gene activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yinzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Lingfa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toselli
authors.forename: Iih-Nan
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Wande
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018387:Codon, Initiator / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051839:NFI Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008249:Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase; D051381:Rats; D020218:Response Elements; D013539:Simian virus 40 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D018387:Codon, Initiator; D051839:NFI Transcription Factors; D008249:Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase