title: Paraoxonase 1 gene polymorphisms in angiographically assessed coronary artery disease: evidence for gender interaction among Brazilians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Paraoxonases (PON) are members of an enzyme family involved in preventing low-density lipoprotein oxidation and therefore protecting against atherosclerotic plaque formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the Met55Leu and Gln192Arg PON1 polymorphisms in 712 patients (437 Caucasian- and 275 African-Brazilians) who underwent coronary angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among Caucasian-Brazilians, the homozygous 55LeuLeu frequency was higher among patients with significant coronary artery disease (CAD, obstructive lesions >/=50%) than among lesion-free controls (51% vs. 30.3%; p=0.022) in females, but not in males. The Gln192Arg PON1 polymorphism was not associated with CAD, although 192GlnGln homozygotes presented lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (p=0.035) and higher triglyceride (p=0.012) levels than 192Arg allele carriers among Caucasian-Brazilian males, but not females. No other lipid-genotype association was detected. Multivariate logistic regression corrected for classic CAD risk factors shows that 55LeuLeu PON1 homozygotes were at increased CAD risk (odds ratio OR=2.852; p=0.003) and that this genotype interacted with gender in its association with CAD risk (OR=0.290; p=0.006) among Caucasian-Brazilians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report shows that the 55LeuLeu PON1 genotype increases CAD risk among female Caucasian-Brazilians, irrespective of other CAD risk factors. In addition, 192GlnGln PON1 homozygotes show higher triglyceride and lower HDL-cholesterol levels in male Caucasian-Brazilians. No associations were detected among African-Brazilians.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequié, BA, Brazil. domingosrios@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Domingos L S
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.forename: Lorenza O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: D'Onofrio
authors.forename: Caio C S
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Cerqueira
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bonfim-Silva
authors.forename: Heitor G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Ademar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santos-Filho
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Galvão-Castro
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000378:metabolism; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase