title: Unexplained elevated maternal serum beta-HCG concentration and adverse pregnancy outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between unexplained elevated maternal serum beta-Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in the second trimester of pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a case-controlled study of 3463 women who opted for second-trimester serum screening for Down syndrome, 142 were found to have a serum beta-HCG of > or =3.5 multiples of the median (MoM), 56 of whom had a serum beta-HCG of > or =5.0 MoM. These women were compared with a control group of women with serum beta-HCG within the 95% confidence interval around the median.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the elevated beta-HCG group (> or =5 MoM) significantly more babies required admission to the special care baby unit (p = 0.02) and were small for gestational age (SGA) (p = 0.03). The mean birth weight was also significantly lower in the group with elevated beta-HCG. Women with a serum beta-HCG of > or =5, > or =6, > or =7 or > or =8 MoM were associated with SGA babies in 40, 44, 64 and 86% respectively. All babies born to the six women with beta-HCG of 8.75-24.1 MoM were SGA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased surveillance is necessary in pregnancies where the maternal serum beta-HCG in the second trimester is inexplicably elevated to > or =5 MoM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Northwick Park Hospital, North-West London, NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ganapathy
authors.forename: Ronald F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Lamont
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bassett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D009035:Mothers; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis
chemical_list: D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human