title: Rhabdomyolysis: diagnosis and treatment in bariatric surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rhabdomyolysis (RML) and subsequent acute renal failure can be serious problems following bariatric operations. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to avoid the complications of RML.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review was achieved by searching the key words: Rhabdomyolysis, diagnosis, treatment and bariatric surgery. We included prospective, retrospective, case reports and review articles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RML diagnosis can be done by: signs and symptoms, physical evaluation, laboratory findings and imaging examinations. Muscle weakness, myalgia, decubitus ulcer, proteinuria and myoglobinuria are the more mentioned findings. Elevation of CPK levels is the most sensitive diagnostic evidence of RML. Treatment is geared toward preserving renal function by avoiding dehydration, hypovolemia, tubular obstruction, aciduria, and free radical release. Early recognition allows the administration of fluids, bicarbonate, and mannitol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prophylactic measures and early diagnosis and treatment of rhabdomyolysis in bariatric surgery are imperative to prevent the potential fatal complications of this condition.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Course of Medicine and Human Health, Escola Bahiana de Medicina, Department of Surgery, Hospital São Rafael (HSR) and Hospital Cidade, Bahia, Brazil. dr.ettinger@gmail.com
authors.forename: João E M T M
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ettinger
authors.forename: Carlos A Marcílio
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Paulo V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Santos-Filho
authors.forename: Euler
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Azaro
authors.forename: Carlos A B
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.forename: Edvaldo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fahel
authors.forename: Paulo B P
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Batista
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000009:adverse effects*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000601:surgery*; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*