title: Sensitivity enhancement in saturation transfer difference (STD) experiments through optimized excitation schemes.
abstract: Investigation of ligand-protein interactions by the saturation transfer difference (STD) experiment has been well established in the drug discovery process through numerous examples. Thus, binding epitopes may be mapped by comparing signals of the ligand with and without saturation of the protein. Herein, it is shown that a less selective process allows more protons to assist in the saturation of the protein, thereby considerably enhancing the sensitivity of the STD experiment. Increasing the saturation power entails a greater risk of perturbing the ligand; however, an amplitude modulation of the waveform assists this procedure by distributing the applied energy in sidebands.
authors.affiliation: University of Basel, Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. brian.cutting@unibas.ch
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cutting
authors.forename: Sachin V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Shelke
authors.forename: Zorica
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dragic
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gathje
authors.forename: Soerge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kelm
authors.forename: Beat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ernst
mesh_terms: D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000737:chemistry; D000939:Epitopes; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018992:Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein / Q000737:chemistry; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D019040:E-Selectin; D000939:Epitopes; D006023:Glycoproteins; D008024:Ligands; D018992:Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein; D012709:Serum Albumin