title: Using the Mini-Mental State Examination for tracking cognition in the older population based on longitudinal data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate population norms for use in assessment of individuals in relation to their age-matched peers using true longitudinal patterns of decline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal study of 10 years of follow-up data from the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS) on the most commonly used cognitive test across clinical and research settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  England and Wales.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen thousand four people were seen in five sites at baseline, with follow up at 2, 5, and 10 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score at three interviews over 10 years. A total of 42,777 MMSE scores were used in the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MMSE norms are presented according to age and split according to sex using longitudinal data. Potential cohort effects and dropout of individuals with low MMSE scores have been accounted for.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is likely that the cognitive MMSE scale will continue to be used in many settings and across the age range. The figures presented here can be used to plot individual performance and chart where there is change in the relative position of one individual compared with others.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chatfield
authors.forename: Fiona E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brayne
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016743:Mental Competency / Q000592:standards*; D008609:Mental Status Schedule / Q000592:standards*; D049451:Nomograms; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013997:Time Factors; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology