title: Neuromotor development in infants with cerebral palsy investigated by the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination during the first year of age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) is a simple and scorable method for assessing infants between 2 and 24 months of age.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this retrospective study was firstly, to evaluate the neuromotor development of infants with cerebral palsy (CP) by the HINE, during the first year of age; secondly, to correlate the scoring of this neurological tool with levels of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 70 infants with a diagnosis of CP at 2 years of age was evaluated by the HINE at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of corrected age and by GMFCS at 2 years of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main results indicate that at 3-6 months, infants with quadriplegia (IV and V levels of GMFCS) and those with severe diplegia (III level) scored below 40, whereas those with mild or moderate diplegia (I-II level) and hemiplegia (I-II level) mainly scored between 40-60. Interestingly, the 26% of infants with hemiplegia scored > or =67 at 12 months. We observed a strong (r=-0.82) and significant (p<0.0001) negative correlation between the scores of the neurological examination and the levels of GMFCS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results point out that the HINE can give additional information about neuromotor development of infants with CP from 3-6 months of age, strictly related to the gross motor functional abilities at 2 years of age.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Paediatrics, University of Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico M M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cioni
authors.forename: Mariacristina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scoto
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mazzone
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Palermo
authors.forename: Mario G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Romeo
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000145:classification* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D002658:Developmental Disabilities; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000379:methods*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors