title: Pulmonary Mycobacterium szulgai infection and treatment in a patient receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A 54-year-old man with a 22-year history of rheumatoid arthritis and an 8-year history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presented with dyspnea on exertion, nonproductive cough and fatigue of 1 month's duration. His medication at presentation consisted of etanercept, azathioprine, naproxen and inhaled fluticasone and salbutamol.
  
  
  METHODS
  At presentation, the patient underwent physical examination, chest X-ray and high-resolution CT, blood tests, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis including auramine stains and gene sequence analysis of cultured Mycobacterium szulgai. The patient underwent minithoracotomy after 6 months, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis, culture and chest X-ray after 18 months. Further chest imaging and culture of sputum samples were performed another year later.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pulmonary M. szulgai infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Triple drug therapy with rifampicin, ethambutol hydrochloride and clarithromycin. Anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment was continued.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, and the Rijnstate Hospital in Arnhem, The Netherlands. j.vaningen@ulc.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Jakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Ingen
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boeree
authors.forename: Matthijs
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ullmann
authors.forename: Wiel
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Lange
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Haas
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dekhuijzen
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Soolingen
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000382:microbiology; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000068800:Etanercept; D004977:Ethambutol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D009170:Nontuberculous Mycobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012293:Rifampin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D013908:Thoracotomy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004977:Ethambutol; D000068879:Adalimumab; D017291:Clarithromycin; D000068800:Etanercept; D012293:Rifampin