title: Adeno-associated virus-mediated antiangiogenic gene therapy with thrombospondin-1 type 1 repeats and endostatin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated antiangiogenic gene therapy offers a powerful strategy for cancer treatment, maintaining sustained levels of antiangiogenic factors with coincident enhanced therapeutic efficacy. We aimed to develop rAAV-mediated antiangiogenic gene therapy delivering endostatin and 3TSR, the antiangiogenic domain of thrombospondin-1.
  
  
  METHODS
  rAAV vectors were constructed to express endostatin (rAAV-endostatin) or 3TSR (rAAV-3TSR). The antiangiogenic efficacy of the vectors was characterized using a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced mouse ear angiogenesis model. To evaluate the antitumor effects of the vectors, immunodeficient mice were pretreated with rAAV-3TSR or rAAV-endostatin and received orthotopic implantation of cancer cells into the pancreas. To mimic clinical situations, mice bearing pancreatic tumors were treated with intratumoral injection of rAAV-3TSR or rAAV-endostatin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  rAAV-mediated i.m. gene delivery resulted in expression of the transgene in skeletal muscle with inhibition of VEGF-induced angiogenesis at a distant site (the ear). Local delivery of the vectors into the mouse ear also inhibited VEGF-induced ear angiogenesis. Pretreatment of mice with i.m. or intrasplenic injection of rAAV-endostatin or rAAV-3TSR significantly inhibited tumor growth. A single intratumoral injection of each vector also significantly decreased the volume of large established pancreatic tumors. Tumor microvessel density was significantly decreased in each treatment group and was well correlated with tumor volume reduction. Greater antiangiogenic and antitumor effects were achieved when rAAV-3TSR and rAAV-endostatin were combined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  rAAV-mediated 3TSR and endostatin gene therapy showed both localized and systemic therapeutic effects against angiogenesis and tumor growth and may provide promise for patients with pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Xuefeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lawler
authors.forename: Ernest
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Terwilliger
authors.forename: Sareh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parangi
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000378:metabolism*; D043169:Endostatins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008957:Models, Genetic; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D019700:Thrombospondin 1 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D043169:Endostatins; D019700:Thrombospondin 1; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins