title: Validation of a European standard for the determination of hexavalent chromium in solid material.
abstract: A European standard for the determination of Cr(vi) in solid material has been elaborated in the framework of an international co-operation and finally validated in the course of an interlaboratory comparison. The procedure is based on the alkaline digestion prescribed by EPA method 3060A followed by ion chromatography and determines an operationally defined content of Cr(vi), including water-soluble and insoluble chromates. A preliminary robustness study was carried out in order to compare different extraction methodologies and to study the equivalency of different analytical methods for the determination of Cr(vi) in alkaline extracts of soil and waste materials. During an interlaboratory validation trial with 19 European laboratories a set of 4 samples (2 soil and 2 waste samples) was analysed to determine performance characteristics for different combinations of digestion and detection methods. With the procedures prescribed by the new European standard (EN 15192) acceptable results were obtained for both soil samples and one of the waste samples (sludge). However, for the second waste sample (fly ash) a large deviation in analytical results was observed. This indicates that particularly for waste materials a possible occurrence of strong matrix effects has to be considered and supplementary quality control data are needed in order to assess the validity of analytical results. The accuracy of the determination of Cr(vi) in solid matrices remains a challenging field in terms of maximum extraction efficiency and minimum species interconversion.
authors.affiliation: Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium. kristof.tirez@vito.be
authors.forename: Kristof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tirez
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Scharf
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Calzolari
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cleven
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kisser
authors.forename: Detlef
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lück
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis*; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis*; D060729:Coal Ash; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D005060:Europe; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D010150:Paint; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D060729:Coal Ash; D007220:Industrial Waste; D052638:Particulate Matter; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion; D002244:Carbon