title: Inter-relationships of interleukin-6, cardiovascular risk factors and the metabolic syndrome among older men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease. We have examined the relationship between plasma IL-6 and insulin resistance, and metabolic, inflammatory and hemostatic markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 3490 men aged 60-79 years who were drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. The men were not diabetic and were not taking warfarin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-6 was significantly associated with age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), cigarette smoking, low physical activity, social class and alcohol intake (U-shaped). IL-6 showed no association with insulin resistance or its other components (blood glucose, triglycerides, blood pressure) except high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (inversely), and no association with hematocrit, factor (F) VII or adiponectin after adjustment for age and WC. IL-6 was strongly associated with markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, white cell count); plasma viscosity; elevated markers of coagulation (fibrin D-dimer, FVIII, FIX); markers of endothelial dysfunction (von Willebrand factor, tissue plasminogen activator); and to a smaller extent with platelet count, APC ratio and gamma glutamyltransferase. Risk of the metabolic syndrome increased significantly with increasing IL-6 but was attenuated after adjustment for BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-6 may have a potential role as a mediator between cardiovascular risk factors and several biological mechanisms for cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK. goya@pcps.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Wannamethee
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Whincup
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rumley
authors.forename: G D O
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Lowe
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6