title: Antibodies to AChR, MuSK and VGKC in a patient with myasthenia gravis and Morvan's syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A 46-year-old woman presented to a local hospital with acute respiratory failure and a 2-year progressive history of fatigue, personality changes, increased sweating, dysphagia with substantial weight loss, dysarthria, and intermittent ptosis and diplopia. Neurological examination showed facial weakness, lingual atrophy and bulbar palsy, which necessitated the use of a feeding tube and ventilatory support. Mild limb weakness with severe muscle atrophy and diffuse muscle twitches were observed. The patient had also developed visual hallucinations and persecutory delusions. Her personal and family medical histories were unremarkable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sensory and motor nerve conduction studies, repetitive nerve stimulation, electromyogram, blood-cell counts, general chemistry and metabolic function tests, a CT scan, an [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET scan, and tests for serum antibodies to acetylcholine receptors, muscle-specific tyrosine kinase, voltage-gated potassium channels, P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channels, and paraneoplastic antigens, were carried out.
  
  
  METHODS
  Myasthenia gravis associated with antibodies to acetylcholine receptor and muscle-specific tyrosine kinase, and Morvan's syndrome associated with antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels in the absence of thymoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Combined treatment with prednisone, intravenous immunoglobulin, ciclosporin, and rituximab.
authors.affiliation: Neuromuscular Diseases Section, Department of Neurology, at Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau in Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Díaz-Manera
authors.forename: Ricard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rojas-García
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gallardo
authors.forename: Cándido
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Juárez
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez-Domeño
authors.forename: Sergi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martínez-Ramírez
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dalmau
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blesa
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Illa
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000209:etiology; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000209:etiology; D009157:Myasthenia Gravis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D020385:Myokymia / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000276:immunology*; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000276:immunology*; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000276:immunology*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D000069283:Rituximab
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D001323:Autoantibodies; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D000069283:Rituximab; D016572:Cyclosporine; C095714:MUSK protein, human; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D011241:Prednisone