title: Inflammation and breast cancer. Microenvironmental factors regulating macrophage function in breast tumours: hypoxia and angiopoietin-2.
abstract: Considerable evidence has now accumulated for tumour-associated macrophages stimulating key aspects of tumour progression, including the proliferation, survival and metastasis of tumour cells, tumour angiogenesis and suppression of the anti-tumour functions of other immune effectors at the tumour site. Tumour micro-environmental factors such as hypoxia have profound, direct effects on these cells, stimulating many of their pro-tumour functions. Hypoxia also does so indirectly by stimulating the release of the cytokine angiopoietin-2 from tumour cells and tumour blood vessels. This in turn then recruits Tie-2-expressing monocytes into tumours from the bloodstream and inhibits their production of anti-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Tumour Targeting Group, Academic Unit of Pathology, Section of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, The Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Medical Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, UK. claire.lewis@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: Claire E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D042683:Angiopoietin-1 / Q000502:physiology; D042702:Angiopoietin-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D042683:Angiopoietin-1; D042702:Angiopoietin-2