title: Actinic keratoses.
abstract: Actinic keratoses (AK) commonly occur in the caucasian population living in environments of high levels of sun exposure, and are considered to be a marker for chronic sun damage. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and current debate on AK as precancerous lesions. The various treatment options for AK, including combination therapy, are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: St George Dermatology and Skin Cancer Centre, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia. alvin_chia74@yahoo.com.au
authors.forename: Alvin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shumack
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000963:Antimetabolites / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D017679:Cryotherapy; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D010787:Photosensitivity Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000963:Antimetabolites; D004008:Diclofenac; D005472:Fluorouracil