title: Effectiveness of porous covers for control of ammonia, reduced sulfur compounds, total hydrocarbons, selected volatile organic compounds, and odor from hog manure storage lagoons.
abstract: Anaerobic lagoons are a major source of odor at concentrated animal feeding operations. Seven different kinds of artificial (geotextile and polyethylene foam) and natural (straw and redwood) permeable lagoon covers were evaluated for their potential to reduce odorous emissions generated by anaerobic waste lagoons. A novel floating sampling raft was constructed and used to simultaneously evaluate the effectiveness of lagoon covers on an operating swine waste lagoon. The air collected from the raft was evaluated for odor, total reduced sulfur (TRS) compounds, ammonia, total hydrocarbons, dimethyldisulfide, and trimethylamine. The emission rates from the lagoon were highly variable both temporally and spatially. All of the lagoon covers substantially reduced TRS emissions and odor. Geotextile fabric and a recycled foam cover exhibited the greatest reduction in total hydrocarbon emissions; natural covers were less effective. Because of consistently low emission rates of ammonia, no statistically significant reduction of ammonia emissions were observed from any of the lagoon covers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.
authors.forename: Shekhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Regmi
authors.forename: Maneerat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ongwandee
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fitch
authors.forename: Rao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Surampalli
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D008372:Manure; D008744:Methylamines / Q000032:analysis; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020959:Polyethylene; D016062:Porosity; D013457:Sulfur Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D013552:Swine; D013784:Textiles; D014835:Volatilization; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D008372:Manure; D008744:Methylamines; D013457:Sulfur Compounds; D000641:Ammonia; D020959:Polyethylene; C023336:trimethylamine