title: Emerging trends in acquired neonatal intestinal disease: is it time to abandon Bell's criteria?
abstract: In the last decade, it has become increasingly clear that necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is neither a uniform nor a well-defined disease entity. There are many factors that are forcing this unwelcome realization upon the neonatal and pediatric surgery communities. In the course of this manuscript we will review the history and the physical findings of the disparate etiologies of acquired neonatal intestinal diseases (ANIDs), some which do lead to the common final pathology of NEC and some which do not. New guidelines for distinguishing between ANIDs will also be suggested.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. pvg4n@virginia.edu
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Attridge
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous