title: Preliminary effects of hyaluronic acid on early rehabilitation of patients with isolated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of Hyaluronic acid (HA) on early rehabilitation of patients with isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total 120 patients with isolated ACL injury who had received patellar tendon autograft reconstruction were randomly assigned to four groups (groups I-IV), with 30 subjects in each group.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients received 16 weeks of a regular rehabilitation program and an intra-articular injection of HA or saline weekly for 3 weeks. Additionally, patients in group I received the HA commencing at 4 weeks after surgery, patients in group II at 8 weeks, and patients in group III at 12 weeks. Patients in group IV did not receive HA but did receive the same volume of normal saline as control subjects at 4 weeks after surgery. The rehabilitation program started at the same time after surgery for all groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcomes were measured at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after reconstruction, and at follow-up 1 year later. These included the changes in Lysholm knee scoring scale, knee range of motion, ambulation speed (AS), and muscle peak torque (MPT) of knee flexion and extension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were improvements in groups I-III shortly after receiving the HA, but not in the saline group (group IV). Patients in groups II and III showed more improvement in AS and MPT after rehabilitation program and at follow-up. Besides, the best results 1 year later occurred in the group receiving HA at 8 weeks after surgery (group II).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HA therapy results in more functional and MPT improvement in ACL rehabilitation, and the intervention at 8 weeks after surgery results in the best outcome.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan. maohuang@ms24.ninet.net
authors.forename: Mao-Hsiung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Rei-Cheng
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Pei-Hsi
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Chou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007719:Knee Joint; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012046:Rehabilitation
chemical_list: D006820:Hyaluronic Acid