title: Spatial profiling of the corticospinal tract in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using diffusion tensor imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used as a noninvasive method to evaluate the anatomy of the corticospinal tract (CST) and the pattern of its degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients with ALS and 15 healthy controls underwent DTI. Parameters reflecting coherence of diffusion (fractional anisotropy, FA), bulk diffusion (apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC), and directionality of diffusion (eigenvalues) parallel to (lambda( parallel)) or perpendicular to (lambda( perpendicular)) fiber tracts were measured along the intracranial course of the CST.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FA and lambda( parallel) increased, and ADC and lambda( perpendicular) decreased progressively from the corona radiata to the cerebral peduncle in all subjects. The most abnormal finding in patients with ALS was reduced FA in the cerebral peduncle contralateral to the side of the body with the most severe upper motor neuron signs. lambda( parallel) was increased in the corona radiata. Internal capsule FA correlated positively with symptom duration, and cerebral peduncle ADC positively with the Ashworth spasticity score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a spatial dependency of diffusion parameters along the CST in healthy individuals. Evidence of intracranial CST degeneration in ALS was found with distinct diffusion changes in the rostral and caudal regions.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: John C T
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Concha
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beaulieu
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalra
mesh_terms: D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016880:Anisotropy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000473:pathology*