title: Renal disease and the mouth.
abstract: Oral manifestations of renal disease are common. They may present as unique signs of multi-system disease affecting the kidneys (such as vasculitis), or as common oral pathologies found at an increased prevalence in patients with end-stage renal disease. Despite more oral and dental disease in patients on renal replacement therapy, attendance at dental clinics is infrequent, and physician awareness of the problem is low. In our short review, aimed at renal, transplant, and general physicians, we discuss the link between clinical changes in the mouth and multi-systemic disease involving the kidney. We suggest a standardized approach to oral examination to increase diagnostic yield and discuss common oral complications in patients on dialysis or successfully transplanted. Finally, we suggest potential treatments for oral disease that nephrologists might safely institute.
authors.affiliation: Department of Renal Medicine, The Royal London and St. Bartholomew's Hospitals, London, United Kingdom. shaunsummers@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Shaun A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Summers
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Tilakaratne
authors.forename: Farida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fortune
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ashman
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology*; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents