title: Hypercapnia impact on vascular and neuronal reactivity in patients before and after carotid endarterectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and vascular reactivity strongly affect neuronal function. The restoration of blood flow values in the cerebral vascular system may be another benefit of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in a specific group of patients. Animal experiments in dogs have provided evidence of neuronal reactivity depending on rCBF and vascular reactivity. However, as yet, there are no reports on neuronal reactivity changes related to altered perfusion parameters in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cohort under study consisted of 41 patients after transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or reversible ischaemic neurological deficit (RIND) whose neurological findings were normal (group A) and 17 patients after minor stroke with a mild degree of hemiparesis or hemihypesthesia (mRS<or=2) (group B). All patients were examined 0-2 days before CEA, on postoperative days 3-7 and at 3 months after CEA. The tests included median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) at rest, during hypercapnia (et-CO2=7.0-7.5 kPa) and at rest after hypercapnia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group A was found to have a significant increase in V(sys), V(mean) and PI in response to hypercapnia in all periods (i.e., 0-2 days before CEA, on postoperative days 3-7 and at 3 months after CEA). N20/P25 amplitude decreased in response to hypercapnia before and early after CEA. Changes in other SEP parametres before and after hypercapnia were non-significant. Group B showed significant differences resulting from hypercapnia before and after CEA only in vasoreactivity (V(sys), V(mean), PI).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the analysed group of patients high-grade carotid stenosis caused no haemodynamic impairment. Moreover, no evidence was found of artificially increased rCBF being accompanied by an equally significant change in somatosensory evoked scalp response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. svatopluk.ostry@uvn.cz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ostrý
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stejskal
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kramár
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Netuka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohapl
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Benes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed