title: [The concentration of the chosen smoke toxicity biomarkers among smokers suffering from larynx cancer].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An incidence of laryngeal cancer is strongly connected with exposure to tobacco smoke containing dozens of carcinogens. Genotoxic agents such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in tobacco smoke are responsible for lesions of structure DNA and formation of DNA adducts by metabolically activated intermediates. Detecting the presence of DNA adducts in human tissues is therefore, a tool for studies of cancer. An evidence demonstrates that DNA adducts are useful markers of carcinogen exposure. The aim of this work was estimation of relationship between cigarette smoke exposure, determined as urinary cotinine and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentration, and number of aromatic-DNA adducts in blood lymphocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 60 men at the age of 45 up to 65 years - 20 healthy non-smokers, 20 healthy current smokers and 20 current smokers with primary larynx cancer, which was classified histopathologically as squamous cell carcinoma. The cotinine and 1-hydroxypyrene were determined in the urine with high performance liquid chromatography. Analysis of DNA adducts was performed by the 32P - postlabelling method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary cotinine concentration in healthy smokers and cancer subjects in comparison with non-smokers was significant higher than in non-smokers, respectively, 29- and 31-fold higher but differences between healthy and sicks smokers were insignificant. Concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine of healthy and cancer subjects was significantly higher (9- and 10-fold higher, respectively) compared with non-smokers. The highest level of aromatic-DNA adducts was found in lympfocytes of healthy smokers but differences between number of adducts in healthy smokers compared with non-smokers (+35%) and cancer subjects (+7,1%) were insignificant. The Pearson's coefficient (r) for the correlation between aromatic-DNA level and urinary cotinine or 1-hydroxypyrene concentration were significant only in cancer subjects group (r = 0,676, p = 0,011 and r = 0,465, p = 0,039, respectivelly).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that cotinine and 1-hydroxypyrene concentration in urine are useful biomarkers of the tobacco smoke exposure. In contrast the levels of aromatic-DNA adducts in lymphocytes are not suitable for that purpose. It seems that none of investigated compounds are the risk predictor of larynx cancer.
authors.affiliation: Oddzial Laryngologii, Szpital Specjalistyczny w Dabrowie Górniczej.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winiarczyk
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Namysłowski
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oleksiak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000378:metabolism*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000737:chemistry*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism*; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018736:DNA Adducts; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; C095911:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-DNA adduct; D003367:Cotinine