title: Colonization and organ invasion in chicks experimentally infected with Dermanyssus gallinae contaminated by Salmonella Enteritidis.
abstract: The poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) is the most important and common ectoparasite of laying hens in Europe. This haematophagous mite has been experimentally demonstrated to be a vector of Salmonella Enteritidis by acquiring bacteria through the blood meal or cuticular contact. We have evaluated another route of infection by orally inoculating chicks with mites previously infected by S. Enteritidis. Two methods of infecting the mites were tested: mites contaminated by cuticular contact or during the blood meal. After the washing of mites with paraformaldehyde, groups of 10 Salmonella-contaminated mites were inoculated individually into 1-day-old chicks. The titre of the inoculum suspension was evaluated by crushing mites and followed by bacteriological counting. It was 3x10(4) colony-forming units/chick and 2.7x10(6) colony-forming units/chick, respectively, for cuticular contact and orally mediated contamination of mites. Each bird was found to be positive 12 days post-inoculation. Salmonella colonized the intestinal tracts and invaded the livers and spleens. The caecal content concentration reached a mean level of S. Enteritidis of 8.5x10(4) most probable number (MPN) Salmonella/g. This experiment demonstrated the ability of mites to orally infect 1-day-old chicks with subsequent colonization and multiplication of Salmonella. Consequently, mites infected by S. Enteritidis constitute potential reservoir hosts of this bacterium, allowing it to persist in the poultry house as a source of infection for newly introduced animals. If contaminated mites are found in poultry facilities, effective red mite control should be performed before new batches are introduced into the facility.
authors.affiliation: UMR 958 ENVL/INRA Protozoaires Entéricoles et Parasites des Volailles, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France. valienteclaire@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Claire Valiente
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fravalo
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amelot
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chauve
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zenner
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salvat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002353:Carrier State; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D007303:Insect Vectors; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology; D008924:Mite Infestations / Q000662:veterinary*; D008925:Mites / Q000382:microbiology*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000635:transmission*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000502:physiology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000382:microbiology