title: Characterization of reemerging chikungunya virus.
abstract: An unprecedented epidemic of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection recently started in countries of the Indian Ocean area, causing an acute and painful syndrome with strong fever, asthenia, skin rash, polyarthritis, and lethal cases of encephalitis. The basis for chikungunya disease and the tropism of CHIKV remain unknown. Here, we describe the replication characteristics of recent clinical CHIKV strains. Human epithelial and endothelial cells, primary fibroblasts and, to a lesser extent, monocyte-derived macrophages, were susceptible to infection and allowed viral production. In contrast, CHIKV did not replicate in lymphoid and monocytoid cell lines, primary lymphocytes and monocytes, or monocyte-derived dendritic cells. CHIKV replication was cytopathic and associated with an induction of apoptosis in infected cells. Chloroquine, bafilomycin-A1, and short hairpin RNAs against dynamin-2 inhibited viral production, indicating that viral entry occurs through pH-dependent endocytosis. CHIKV was highly sensitive to the antiviral activity of type I and II interferons. These results provide a general insight into the interaction between CHIKV and its mammalian host.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Unité Virus et Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sourisseau
authors.forename: Clémentine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schilte
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Casartelli
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trouillet
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guivel-Benhassine
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rudnicka
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sol-Foulon
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Le Roux
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Prevost
authors.forename: Hafida
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fsihi
authors.forename: Marie-Pascale
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Frenkiel
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blanchet
authors.forename: Philippe V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Afonso
authors.forename: Pierre-Emmanuel
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Ceccaldi
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozden
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gessain
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schuffenecker
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Verhasselt
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zamborlini
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saïb
authors.forename: Felix A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arenzana-Seisdedos
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Desprès
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michault
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D018354:Alphavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D002646:Chikungunya virus / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007195:Indian Ocean Islands; D014779:Virus Replication