title: HIV type 1 variants with nevirapine resistance mutations are rarely detected in antiretroviral drug-naive African women with subtypes A, C, and D.
abstract: K103N is frequently detected in HIV-infected women after single dose (SD) nevirapine (NVP). K103N-containing variants were detected more frequently by the ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping System in women with subtype C (69.2%) than subtypes A (19.4%, p < 0.0001) or D (36.1%, p < 0.0001). K103N-containing variants were also detected more frequently and at higher levels in women with subtype C by the LigAmp assay. In this report, we analyzed samples collected prior to or within hours after SD NVP administration from antiretroviral drug-naive African women with subtypes A, C, and D. Only 1/254 samples had an NVP resistance mutation detected with the ViroSeq system, and only 4/236 samples had K103N detected at < 0.5% with the LigAmp assay [2/110 (1.8%) with subtype A, 1/46 (2.2%) with subtype C, and 1/80 (1.3%) with subtype D] (p = 0.92). We did not detect significant differences in the pre-NVP frequency of NVP resistance mutations or the pre-NVP levels of K103N-containing variants in women with subtypes A, C, and D that explain the dramatic subtype-based differences in emergence of HIV-1 variants with these mutations after SD NVP exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Church
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hudelson
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Guay
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Parkin
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Fiscus
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mmiro
authors.forename: Philippa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Musoke
authors.forename: Newton
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumwenda
authors.forename: J Brooks
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Taha E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.forename: Susan H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Eshleman
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044383:Black People; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D019829:Nevirapine