title: Contact allergy to propolis in beekeepers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some toothpastes, cosmetics and ointments contain propolis, a bee product, and it is increasingly popular as a dietary supplement. Although propolis is known to cause contact allergy, there have been no studies of the prevalence of this.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine the prevalence of contact allergy to propolis in beekeepers and any relationship between propolis allergy and environmental and physical and mental health characteristics in this group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A specially developed instrument which included a validated questionnaire on emotional stability was included in the issues of three German beekeeping journals sent to subscribers in a number of regions (potential readership 35,000). A reference group also completed questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1051 questionnaires were returned and 37 cases of allergic reactions to propolis were reported (3.6%). Only 10 of the 37 (27%) beekeepers had recognised the allergy before participating in this study. Propolis contact allergy was significantly associated with lung diseases and other allergic reactions. Only some affected beekeepers protected their hands more while working with bees and showed significantly greater emotional instability than those not sensitised to propolis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contact allergy to propolis is common among beekeepers, but they do not seem to recognise the problem or protect themselves properly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstrasse 32. 35385 Giessen, Germany. karsten.muenstedt@gyn.med.uni-giessen.de
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Münstedt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hellner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hackethal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: von Georgi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000453:epidemiology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D017575:Gloves, Protective / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006229:Hand Dermatoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011429:Propolis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D011429:Propolis