title: Distinctive expression of myelomonocytic markers and down-regulation of CD34 in acute myelogenous leukaemia with FLT3 tandem duplication and nucleophosmin mutation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) show co-existing frequently internal tandem duplications of FLT3 (FLT3-ITD) and mutations of nucleophosmin (NPM1-Mt). We investigated the biological and clinical significance of FLT3-ITD and/or NPM1-Mt in this context.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed 89 AML patients according to whether NPM1 and FLT3-ITD were single mutants, double mutants, or wild type for both.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FLT3-ITD was detected in 19 of 89 patients (21.3%), while NPM1-Mt was detected in 19 of 89 patients (21.3%); eight of 89 patients (9.0%) carried both FLT3-ITD and NPM1-Mt. By multivariate analysis, white blood cell count and peripheral blood blast cell count at diagnosis were significantly higher in patients with FLT3-ITD but not in those with only NPM1-Mt. NPM1-Mt was significantly related to female gender, normal karyotype, and M4 or M5 disease according to French-American-British criteria. In addition, leukaemic blast cells with NPM1-Mt, FLT3-ITD, or both expressed CD34 less frequently than wild-type blasts (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.005 respectively), while myelomonocytic markers such as CD11b and CD14 were expressed more frequently in patients with NPM1-Mt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FLT3-ITD may increase potential for cell proliferation to produce a leukaemic population; NPM1-Mt may cause cells to develop along the myelomonocytic lineage. Extensive analyses and detailed experiments will be required to clarify how NPM1 and FLT3 mutations interact in leukaemogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Goichi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yoshimoto
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumano
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Tadafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iino
authors.forename: Katsuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kinukawa
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagafuji
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teshima
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akashi
authors.forename: Mine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000276:immunology*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D020440:Gene Duplication; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007621:Karyotyping; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D000090243:Nucleophosmin; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D051941:fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C000716967:NPM1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000090243:Nucleophosmin; C497970:FLT3 protein, human; D051941:fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3