title: Comparative studies of different organs of Nyctanthes arbortristis in modulation of cytokines in murine model of arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the modulation effect of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines following long term use of water soluble ethanol extracts from different organs of Nyctanthes arbortristis (NAT) in mouse model of arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Arthritis was induced in mice by two injections of Freund's complete adjuvant on days 0 and 12 in the sub-planter surface of the right hind paw.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Injection of adjuvant resulted in a maximum primary edema of the footpad with erythema, and edema and distortion of joints of the right hind paw after 24-48 hours. Second injection of FCA led to the formation of secondary swellings persisting more than four weeks that spread onto the other hind limb but to a lesser extent. Histological analysis of the ankle on day 47 showed marked evidence of cartilage destruction in association with pannus formation and moderate bone resorption. Proinflammatory cytokine levels in the inflamed joint homogenate were elevated on days 2, 14, and 47. Oral administration of leaf and fruit extracts in arthritic mice reduced joint homogenate levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6 on days 2, 14, and 47 in comparison to untreated arthritic mice. Interleukin-10 level was elevated in the inflamed joint on days 2, 14, and 47 in comparisons to untreated arthritic mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence of lesser inflammation of the footpad and joint and associated histological observation support the therapeutic benefit of leaf and fruit extracts from Nyctanthes arbortristis. This study helps in understanding the mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of Nyctanthes arbortristis in the light of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance.
authors.affiliation: Immunobiology Laboratory, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, M. G Marg, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Brijesh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rathore
authors.forename: Bholanath
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Bhusan P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Chaudhury
authors.forename: Ashok Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Anand Prakash
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sahu
authors.forename: Yogendra Kumar
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D029592:Oleaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D010936:Plant Extracts