title: Contrast enhanced echocardiographic follow-up of cardiac remodeling and function after myocardial infarction in rats.
abstract: Echocardiography is a reliable and commonly used method to examine cardiac diseases. Recent employment of modern technologies provides new opportunities to study left ventricular (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) also in small rodents. LV volumes as most important prognostic parameters can be estimated by noncontrast enhanced echocardiography in rats from M-mode or single cross sections only. In this study, contrast enhanced echocardiography and volume measurements by the biplane method of discs (Simpson's rule) were applied in rats to monitor remodeling and function after MI. MI was induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 26 for MI, and n = 16 for sham). LV remodeling and heart function were serially studied by contrast enhanced echocardiography for 12 to 16 wk. At the end of the observation periods hemodynamic data were additionally measured by left and right heart catheterization. LV end systolic volume (LVESV) measured by biplane method of discs correlated best with LV developed pressure as indicator for severely impaired heart function. Interestingly, LV end systolic area (LVESA) from native short axis view correlated well with LVESV (R(2) = 0.93) and was the second best predictor for depressed heart function. Moreover, left atrial size was a powerful indicator of severely impaired heart function whereas ejection fraction or fractional area change were primarily related to infarct size. In conclusion, contrast enhanced echocardiography in rats is feasible and an economical method to study time-dependent LV remodeling and deterioration of contractile function after MI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rabald
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hagendorff
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: Heinz-Gerd
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Zimmer
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deten
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006339:Heart Rate; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D023421:Models, Animal; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017725:Ventricular Pressure
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA