Evaluation of natural and anthropogenic influences on the Guadalquivir River (Spain) by dissolved heavy metals and nutrients.
To evaluate both the natural and anthropogenic influences on surface waters of Guadalquivir River (SW-Spain), concentrations of dissolved trace metals (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb), inorganic nutrients (N-NH(4)(+), N-NO(3)(-), N-NO(2)(-), and P-PO(4)(3-)) and other variables as conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and suspended solids (SS) were measured during a three-years period (2001-2003). Samples were taken at 26 stations twice a year, during rain and dry periods. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) suggested that temporal variations within the period of study were statistically negligible. Spatial distributions identified three different zones, mainly influenced by sewage (Eastern Zone), agriculture runoffs (Central Zone), and estuarine processes (Western Zone), respectively. Principal Component and Cluster Analysis allowed to identify the variables controlling the water quality of each zone as: N-NH(4)(+), N-NO(2)(-), Mn, and Co, (Eastern Zone), SS, and P-PO(4)(3-) (Central Zone), and Cd, pH and conductivity (Western Zone). Other variables such as Ni, Cu, Zn or N-NO(3)(-), influenced two different zones, while Pb presented a singular behavior.
Mendiguchía
Carolina
C
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz 11510, Spain.
Moreno
Carlos
C
García-Vargas
Manuel
M
D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017672:Nitrogen Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D017553:Phosphorus Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D013030:Spain; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D019216:Metals, Heavy; D017672:Nitrogen Compounds; D017553:Phosphorus Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical