title: Carotid artery approach as an alternative to femoral access for balloon dilation of aortic valve stenosis in neonates and infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to evaluate the efficacy of a right common carotid artery cutdown as alternative access in neonates and small infants requiring a balloon dilation of aortic valve stenosis. In infants, the femoral approach is limited by difficulties in advancing the catheter across the valve and by the risk of femoral artery injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  from January 1997 to July 2000, 16 infants at our department underwent balloon dilation through a carotid artery cutdown. Infant weight ranged from 2670 to 6450 g; mean weight 3967 g, and age ranged from 1 to 157 days, mean age 42,8 days. Fifteen of 16 infants had aortic valve stenosis; the remaining infant presented with a aortic coartation relapse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 15 infants an adequate dilation of the valve was obtained with no complications. In only one infant an arterial intimal disconnection was caused by inadequate choice of surgical instruments. At the end of the procedure, the carotid arteries were reconstructed with interrupted 7-0 prolene stitches. There were no neurological sequaelae observed. All infants were followed-up and examined by echocolordoppler ultrasound: all carotid arteries were open with no significant stenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experience confirms that the carotid access proposed in 1973 by Azzolina et al is a valid and safe alternative to the usual percutaneous femoral access. In particular it could be useful in neonates and infants were the size of femoral vessels could facilitate important and dangerous complications.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgery, University of Padova, Padova - Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gasparella
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Milanesi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biffanti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cerruti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sabatti
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Gamba
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Zanon