title: Regulation of igf-I signaling in retinal endothelial cells by hyperglycemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of hyperglycemia in regulating the proliferative response of retinal endothelial cells (RECs) to insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I.
  
  
  METHODS
  The regulation of IGF-I signaling by glucose concentration was assessed by biochemical analysis of primary RECs grown in media containing normal (5 mM) and high (25 mM) glucose. Cell counting was used to asses the proliferative response to IGF-I.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glucose (25 mM) enhanced the proliferative response of RECs to IGF-I. Phosphorylation of the adaptor protein Shc (Src homology 2 domain containing) transforming protein 1) was increased in RECs grown in high glucose. For Shc to be phosphorylated, it must be recruited to the cytoplasmic domain of the transmembrane protein SHPS-1 (SHP substrate-1). Shc recruitment to SHPS-1 was increased when RECs were grown in high glucose. The difference in Shc recruitment to SHPS-1 was attributable to a difference in SHPS-1 phosphorylation that is required for Shc recruitment. This, in turn, was attributable to an increase in SHPS-1 association with integrin-associated protein (IAP), which is necessary for SHPS-1 phosphorylation. The difference in response under the two different glucose conditions appeared to be attributable to changes in the activation of the integrin alphaVbeta3, since blocking alphaVbeta3 in high glucose inhibited the response to IGF-I, whereas addition of the active region of vitronectin to RECs grown in normal glucose enhanced their response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that hyperglycemic conditions enhance the response of RECs to IGF-I by increasing the association of IAP with SHPS-1 permitting the formation of the SHPS-1-Shc signaling complex, which is required for the proliferative response to IGF-I.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7170, USA.
authors.forename: Emily C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Byron E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Capps
authors.forename: Ravi R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Sanghani
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Clemmons
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Maile
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000378:metabolism; D051928:CD47 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008024:Ligands; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D055765:Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000071425:Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D051928:CD47 Antigen; D008024:Ligands; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C528024:SHC1 protein, human; D055765:Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D000071425:Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D005947:Glucose