title: Role and regulation of the serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 in fertile and infertile human endometrium.
abstract: Using cDNA microarray analysis, we identified SGK1 (serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1) as a gene aberrantly expressed in midsecretory endometrium of women with unexplained infertility. SGK1 is a serine/threonine kinase involved primarily in epithelial ion transport and cell survival responses. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis of a larger, independent sample set timed to coincide with the period of uterine receptivity confirmed increased expression of SGK1 transcripts in infertile women compared with fertile controls. We further demonstrate that SGK1 expression is regulated by progesterone in human endometrium in vivo as well as in explant cultures. During the midsecretory phase of the cycle, SGK1 mRNA and protein were predominantly but not exclusively expressed in the luminal epithelium, and expression in this cellular compartment was higher in infertile women. In the stromal compartment, SGK1 expression was largely confined to decidualizing cells adjacent to the luminal epithelium. In primary culture, SGK1 was induced and phosphorylated upon decidualization of endometrial stromal cells in response to 8-bromo-cAMP and progestin treatment. Moreover, overexpression of SGK1 in decidualizing cells enhanced phosphorylation and cytoplasmic translocation of the forkhead transcription factor FOXO1 and inhibited the expression of PRL, a major decidual marker gene. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous SGK1 by small interfering RNA increased nuclear FOXO1 levels and enhanced PRL expression. The observation that SGK1 targets FOXO1 in differentiating human endometrium, together with its distinct temporal and spatial expression pattern and increased expression in infertile patients, suggest a major role for this kinase in early pregnancy events.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Fakhera
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feroze-Zaidi
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fusi
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Higham
authors.forename: Madhuri S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Salker
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Seby
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edassery
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klingel
authors.forename: Krishna Murthy
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Boini
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palmada
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kamps
authors.forename: Patrick G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Groothuis
authors.forename: Eric W-F
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Stephen K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sharkey
authors.forename: Jan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Brosens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003656:Decidua / Q000378:metabolism; D004717:Endometrium / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000201:enzymology*; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011388:Prolactin / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases
chemical_list: D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D011388:Prolactin; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases; C085126:FOXO1 protein, human