title: Changes in levator ani anatomical configuration following physiotherapy in women with stress urinary incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We quantified the effect of pelvic floor muscle training on the anatomical configuration of the levator ani using magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five female participants with stress urinary incontinence underwent magnetic resonance imaging before and after participating in a pelvic floor muscle physiotherapy program. Axial T1-weighted images of the levator ani were taken with the participant in a supine position. Source images were then manually segmented and surface modeling was applied to build a 3-dimensional model of the levator ani. Models were then measured to determine the levator ani surface area as well as the encircled volume at rest and during voluntary contraction. The percentage of levator ani retraction and symphysis pubis movement during voluntary contraction before and after physiotherapy were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After physiotherapy the levator ani surface area at rest was significantly smaller than before physiotherapy, decreasing from 677.11 +/- 45.00 to 620.48 +/- 36.14 mm(2) (p = 0.04). The relative reduction in volume encircled by the levator ani during contraction increased significantly from -11.66 +/- 7.42 to -26.02 +/- 13.52 mm(3) (p = 0.04). Levator ani surface retraction during a voluntary contraction increased significantly from 65.61% +/- 17.07% to 81.70% +/- 16.30% (p = 0.02). Symphysis pubis movement during pelvic floor muscle contraction decreased from 1.45 +/- 1.32 to 0.44 +/- 0.61 mm (p = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from this preliminary study indicate that pelvic floor muscle training results in anatomical changes in the levator ani and reduction of pubic movement. These results provide insight into the possible anatomical mechanisms through which physiotherapy enables the pelvic floor muscle to minimize urine leakage.
authors.affiliation: University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. chantal.dumoulin@umontreal.ca
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dumoulin
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stodkilde-Jorgensen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shishido
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Constantinou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009132:Muscles / Q000473:pathology*; D017773:Pelvic Floor; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*