title: Insulin 3-like hormone and its role in epididymo-testicular descent.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of insulin 3-like (Insl3) hormone signaling in the testicular descent process has been demonstrated. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate epididymal development in Insl3-deficient mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heterozygous and homozygous Insl3 mutants of a mixed CD1 X 129/Sv genetic background were generated by breeding Insl3-/- females with Insl3+/- males, and their genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction. On the first postnatal day, newborn males were sacrificed, embedded in paraffin, and cut in 4 mm sections. Sections were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and immunoreacted with anti-alpha actin antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An analysis of stained sections indicated an arrest in the development of the epididymis in all homozygous mice. The cauda and corpus of the epididymis were undersized. Compared to the heterozygous epididymis, the homozygous epididymis had fewer peritubular layers and dwarfish musculature. We confirmed this with immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies against alpha-smooth muscle actin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Defective development of the smooth musculature in the epididymis of Insl3 homozygous mutant mice, combined with its high intraabdominal undescended position, supports previous observations regarding the importance of intact epididymis morphology and function for descent of the epididymo-testicular unit.
authors.affiliation: Kindertagesklinik, Liestal, Switzerland. faruk@magnet.ch
authors.forename: Faruk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hadziselimovic
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Adham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004822:Epididymis / Q000254:growth & development*; D005260:Female; D006720:Homozygote; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007328:Insulin / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D013737:Testis / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; C084797:Leydig insulin-like protein; D011506:Proteins