title: [Precise three-dimensional modeling and virtual visualization of human membranous labyrinthine].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish a precise three-dimensional model of membranous labyrinth for further morphologic investigation and physiological research.
  
  
  METHODS
  Complete series of serial unstained celloidin sections of a fresh human temporal bone were taken photos by high-pixel digital camera. The images were then processed with the technique of photo stitch and employed to reconstruct the three-dimensional model of the membranous labyrinth using the method of surface rendering.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 3D-Doctor software, the model was displayed by different methods. The model was also exported to VRML format and their virtual visualization was realized through the software of Cortona virtual reality modeling language viewer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Precise modeling of membranous labyrinth could be realized by advanced imaging technique. With the advanced virtual reality software and equipment, the virtual visualization of membranous labyrinth could be realized, which would benefit the morphologic investigation and education.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Feng
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tian-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Pei-Dong
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Dal
authors.forename: Zheng-Min
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D007758:Ear, Inner; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D012984:Software