title: [Structure and function of suburothelial myofibroblasts in the human urinary bladder under normal and pathological conditions].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Myofibroblasts play a pivotal role in numerous pathological alterations. Clarification of the structure and function and of the cellular plasticity of this cell type in the bladder may lead to new insights into the pathogenesis of lower urinary tract disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bladder biopsies from patients with bladder carcinoma and interstitial cystitis were used to analyse the morphology and receptor expression using confocal immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Cytokine effects and coupling behavior were tested in cultured myofibroblasts and detrusor smooth muscle cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Myofibroblasts are in close contact with the suburothelial capillary network. They express Cx43 and form functional syncytia. The expression of muscarinic and purinergic receptors is highly variable. Dye coupling experiments showed differences to detrusor myocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Upregulation of smooth muscle cell alpha-actin and/or transdifferentiation into smooth muscle cells may contribute to the etiology of urge incontinence. A multi-step model is presented as a working hypothesis.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig. jochen.neuhaus@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schlichting
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oberbach
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fitzl
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schwalenberg
authors.forename: L-C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: J-U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Stolzenburg
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001706:Biopsy; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000378:metabolism; D003556:Cystitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D032390:Myoblasts, Smooth Muscle / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000378:metabolism; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic / Q000378:metabolism; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D053202:Urinary Incontinence, Urge / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: C541116:ACTA2 protein, human; D000199:Actins; D018031:Connexin 43; D005353:Fibronectins; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic