title: Calculation of x-ray spectra emerging from an x-ray tube. Part I. electron penetration characteristics in x-ray targets.
abstract: The penetration characteristics of electron beams into x-ray targets are investigated for incident electron kinetic energies in the range 50-150 keV. The frequency densities of electrons penetrating to a depth x in a target, with a fraction of initial kinetic energy, u, are calculated using Monte Carlo methods for beam energies of 50, 80, 100, 120 and 150 keV in a tungsten target. The frequency densities for 100 keV electrons in Al, Mo and Re targets are also calculated. A mixture of simple modeling with equations and interpolation from data is used to generalize the calculations in tungsten. Where possible, parameters derived from the Monte Carlo data are compared to experimental measurements. Previous electron transport approximations in the semiempirical models of other authors are discussed and related to this work. In particular, the crudity of the use of the Thomson-Whiddington law to describe electron penetration and energy loss is highlighted. The results presented here may be used towards calculating the target self-attenuation correction for bremsstrahlung photons emitted within a tungsten target.
authors.affiliation: Joint Department of Physics, Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, United Kingdom. gavin.poludniowski@icr.ac.uk
authors.forename: Gavin G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Poludniowski
authors.forename: Philip M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D004583:Electrons; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis / Q000379:methods; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011859:Radiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission / Q000379:methods*; D014965:X-Rays