title: Nanowire-based delivery of Escherichia coli O157 shiga toxin 1 A subunit into human and bovine cells.
abstract: Silica nanowires (NWs) were used to introduce the Shiga toxin type 1 A subunit (StxA1) into cultured bovine and human epithelial cells. We extended technology developed in our laboratories that employs fibronectin (Fn) to induce integrin-mediated uptake of NWs by coating NWs with StxA1 and Fn. The bonding strengths of Fn and StxA1 to the surface of NWs were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This technique demonstrated complex interactions between Fn, StxA1, and the NWs. Neutral red cytotoxicity assays and field emission scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the NW-StxA1-Fn complexes were effectively internalized and caused cell death. This indicates that NWs can carry StxA1 and potentially other toxic or therapeutic agents into eukaryotic cells. Ongoing studies include improved functionalizing of NWs aimed at increasing internalization efficiency and substituting ligands for specific cell targeting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, USA.
authors.forename: Nam Hoon
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Miles F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Beaux
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ebert
authors.forename: Lidong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Lassiter
authors.forename: Yong Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: McIlroy
authors.forename: Carolyn J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hovde
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bohach
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D022621:Shiga Toxin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D021122:Protein Subunits; C493898:Shiga toxin subunit A; D022621:Shiga Toxin