title: Topotecan vitreous levels after periocular or intravenous delivery in rabbits: an alternative for retinoblastoma chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the extent and the mechanism by which topotecan, a candidate agent for the treatment of retinoblastoma, gains access to the vitreous when administered by periocular injection or intravenous infusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo experiments were conducted in which albino rabbits received 1 mg topotecan by periocular injection (POI group; n = 30) or as a 30-minute intravenous infusion (IV group; n = 16). Plasma and vitreal topotecan concentrations were analyzed during the 10 hours after administration. A population pharmacokinetic model was fit to the data. Additionally, periocular injections were performed postmortem to study the effect of removing the blood vasculature barrier.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Potentially active lactone topotecan levels were detected in the vitreous in the POI and IV groups. Both administration schedules induced high total topotecan plasma exposures because of absorption from the periocular depot, though plasma lactone area under the curve (AUC) was significantly higher in the IV group. Similar vitreal concentrations were found in treated and control eyes in the POI group. The transfer from the periocular compartment to the vitreous was negligible. The absence of drug levels in the control eye of the postmortem-injected rabbits confirmed the systemic delivery of topotecan. Local toxicity was not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As a consequence of a favored passage across the blood-retinal barrier, considerable topotecan vitreous levels were detected in a rabbit model after systemic or periocular administration. Transscleral entry in vivo was constrained by rapid clearance from the administration site.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pharmacology, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Angel M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Carcaboso
authors.forename: Guillermo F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Bramuglia
authors.forename: Guillermo L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Chantada
authors.forename: Adriana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Fandiño
authors.forename: Diego A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Chiappetta
authors.forename: Maria T G
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: de Davila
authors.forename: Modesto C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Abramson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D001813:Blood-Retinal Barrier; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007267:Injections; D008954:Models, Biological; D011817:Rabbits; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019772:Topotecan / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019772:Topotecan