title: Consistency of maturity rate for milk yield across countries and generations.
abstract: Differences among bulls in maturity rate of their daughters for milk yield were investigated. Milk records for US Holsteins with first-parity calving dates between 1960 and 1998 were used to calculate 3 evaluations for bulls based on daughter records from parity 1, parities 1 and 2, and parities 1, 2, and 3. The 3 evaluations were used to estimate parity-specific evaluations for parities 2 and 3. Maturity rate of Holstein bull daughters in Canada and The Netherlands was compared with that for daughters of the same bulls in the United States by using official November 2004 Canadian and August 2005 Dutch parity-specific evaluations. For bulls with > or = 500 first-parity daughters, correlations among parity-specific evaluations within country and birth year of bull were 0.88 between parities 1 and 2, 0.84 between parities 1 and 3, and 0.96 between parities 2 and 3 for the United States; 0.90, 0.86, and 0.97, respectively, for Canada; and 0.92, 0.89, and 0.98, respectively, for The Netherlands. Correlations between Canada and the United States for within-country differences between evaluations for parities 1 and 2 were 0.72 for bulls with > or = 50 first-parity daughters and 0.89 for bulls with > or = 500 first-parity daughters; corresponding correlations between The Netherlands and the United States were 0.66 and 0.82. Correlations between countries for differences between evaluations for parities 1 and 3 were slightly less, and corresponding correlations between evaluations for parities 2 and 3 were still lower. To establish whether differences between parity-specific evaluations were genetic, comparisons were made across a generation. Coefficients for regression of son on sire within country and birth years of sire and son for parity-specific evaluations and differences between parity-specific evaluations ranged from 0.35 to 0.53, with standard errors of < or = 0.04. Differences in maturity rate of bull daughters were quite consistent across country, and those differences were transmitted to the sons' daughters. Modeling to account for maturity differences should increase the accuracy of US evaluations and reduce fluctuation between evaluations, especially for bulls with daughters that deviate substantially from the population mean for maturity rate for milk yield.
authors.affiliation: Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA. dnorman@aipl.arsusda.gov
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: VanRaden
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miglior
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Jong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002170:Canada; D002417:Cattle / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D007774:Lactation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009426:Netherlands; D010298:Parity / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States