Religion and disability: clinical, research and training considerations for rehabilitation professionals.
OBJECTIVE
This article (i) reviews existing research on the relationships that exist among spirituality, religion, and health for persons with disabilities; and (ii) compares different theoretical coping models (i.e., spiritual vs. psychoneuroimmunological).


BACKGROUND
Over the past decade interest has increased in relationships among spirituality, religion, and health in both the mainstream media (e.g., Newsweek) and scientific literature (e.g., Koenig). In general, research has concluded that religion and spirituality are linked to positive physical and mental health outcomes. Most religion and health research has focused on populations with life-threatening diseases (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular disorders, AIDS) with minimal attention to persons with chronic, life-long disabling conditions such as brain injury, spinal cord injury, and stroke. However, religion is used by many individuals with disabilities to help them adjust to their impairments and to give new meaning to their lives.


CONCLUSIONS
Religion and spirituality are important coping strategies for persons with disabilities. Practical suggestions for rehabilitation professionals are provided regarding: (a) strategies to enhance religious coping; (b) methods to train rehabilitation professionals about religious issues; and (c) issues to consider regarding future research on rehabilitation and religion.
Johnstone
Brick
B
Department of Health Psychology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA. johnstoneg@health.missouri.edu
Glass
Bret A
BA
Oliver
Richard E
RE
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D012046:Rehabilitation / Q000193:education; D012067:Religion; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D029181:Spirituality