title: Effects of nonlinear forces on dynamic mode atomic force microscopy and spectroscopy.
abstract: In this paper, we describe the effects of nonlinear tip-sample forces on dynamic mode atomic force microscopy and spectroscopy. The jumps and hysteresis observed in the vibration amplitude (A) versus tip-sample distance (h) curves have been traced to bistability in the resonance curve. A numerical analysis of the basic dynamic equation was used to explain the hysteresis in the experimental curve. It has been found that the location of the hysteresis in the A-h curve depends on the frequency of the forced oscillation relative to the natural frequency of the cantilever.
authors.affiliation: DST Unit for Nanoscience, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700098, India.
authors.forename: Soma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Sreeram
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Raychaudhuri
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004548:Elasticity; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties