title: A view from Riggs: treatment resistance and patient authority-IV: why the pair needs the third.
abstract: This article considers the phenomenon of treatment resistance as primarily resulting from the eclipse of the "Third." The notion of the Third is examined across a range of psychoanalytic and other formulations classified according to developmental, relational, and structural dimensions. This conception supports the importance of attending to issues of meaning, relationship, and patient authority in treatment.
authors.affiliation: Erikson Institute for Education and Research, Austen Riggs Center, Stockbridge, MA 01262, USA. John.Muller@austenriggs.net
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Muller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003379:Countertransference; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009769:Object Attachment; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011574:Psychoanalytic Theory; D011575:Psychoanalytic Therapy; D013060:Speech; D014167:Transference, Psychology; D016312:Treatment Refusal / Q000523:psychology*