title: Activation of thromboxane receptor alpha induces expression of cyclooxygenase-2 through multiple signaling pathways in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells.
abstract: Human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells stably transfected with TPalpha (A549-TPalpha) were used to study agonist I-BOP-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the related mechanisms of induced expression. I-BOP, a TP agonist, induced a time- and dose-dependent expression of COX-2 in A549-TPalpha cells. The signaling pathways of I-BOP-induced COX-2 expression were elucidated by using various inhibitors of the signaling molecules. The effects of these inhibitors were assessed at protein level, enzyme activity and promoter activity of COX-2. Within MAPK family, both ERK and p38 MAPK but not JNK/SAPK pathways were involved in the induction. Other pathways such as JAK/Stat3 pathway and beta-catenin/TCF/LEF pathway also participated in the induction. The activation of key signaling molecules, ERK, p38 MAPK, CREB and NF-kappaB, involved in the COX-2 transcription was further studied at the phosphorylation step. Activation of ERK and p38 MAPK appeared to be mediated primarily by transactivation of EGFR, whereas activation of CREB and NF-kappaB was mediated by PKA, PKC and ERK. The role of CREB and NF-kappaB in I-BOP-induced COX-2 expression was further explored at the promoter level. Studies on promoter fragments and mutation of responsive motifs indicated that CRE and NF-kappaB sites are critical for the COX-2 induction. Distal NF-kappaB site is essential for the basal induction of the COX-2 transcription, whereas CRE and proximal NF-kappaB sites are important for the induced transcription. These results indicate that I-BOP-induced COX-2 expression through multiple signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0082, United States.
authors.forename: Jingyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Weili
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Xiuling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wen-Chang
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hsin-Hsiung
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Tai
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017482:Receptors, Thromboxane / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D044244:Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017482:Receptors, Thromboxane; D044244:Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2; C061750:7-(3-(3-hydroxy-4-(4'-iodophenoxy)-1-butenyl)-7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-yl)-5-heptenoic acid; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2