title: Early acquisition of herpes simplex virus type 1 antibodies in children--a longitudinal serological study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections are commonly acquired in childhood, asymptomatically or as a symptomatic infection. However, little is known about the time of HSV seroconversion during infancy and early childhood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the acquisition of IgG-antibodies to HSV in infants and children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal study, using type-specific HSV-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays on sera collected from the mother and from their child at the age of 3, 5, 6, 12, 13 and 30 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maternal seroprevalences for HSV-1 was 65% and for HSV-2 19%. A gradual loss of maternal antibodies was seen, with few infants having detectable HSV-1 antibodies at the age of 1 year. A more rapid decline was registered for HSV-2 antibodies. A small number of new HSV-1 infections occurred in 3-5-month olds and more than half of the new infections were detected before the age of 13 months. At the age of 30 months, 30% of the children were HSV-1 antibody positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seroconversion to HSV-1 commonly occurs already during infancy, suggesting that HSV-1 is transmitted primarily from parent to child.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden. petra.tunback@derm.gu.se
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tunbäck
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: Bo A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Claesson
authors.forename: Rose-Marie
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: Gun-Britt
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Löwhagen
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral