title: The effect of montelukast and low-dose theophylline on cardiovascular disease risk factors in asthmatics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have implicated the 5-lipoxygenase/leukotriene (LT) pathway in cardiovascular disease (CVD), which may have important implications for asthmatics because several drugs that target this pathway are currently used to treat asthma. We sought to determine whether montelukast, a cysteinyl LT antagonist, and low-dose theophylline affected serum inflammatory and lipid CVD risk factors in a recently completed clinical trial in asthmatic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to receive either montelukast (10 mg/d), theophylline (300 mg/d), or placebo. A baseline run-in period of 7 to 14 days was followed by treatment for 6 months. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured 1 month and 6 months after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with moderate-to-severe asthma receiving montelukast (n = 60) had significantly lower serum CRP compared to placebo (n = 73) after 1 month (1.7 mg/L vs 3.2 mg/L, respectively; p < 0.006) and 6 months of treatment (2.3 mg/L vs 3.5 mg/L, respectively; p < 0.04). At both time points, serum levels of all lipids were also significantly lower in the montelukast and theophylline groups compared to placebo, but these effects were primarily observed in individuals who were also receiving inhaled corticosteroids as monotherapy for asthma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Asthmatic patients receiving montelukast and, to some extent, low-dose theophylline have lower levels of CVD-associated inflammatory biomarkers and lipid levels. These observations suggest these asthma medications may have some beneficial value in asthmatics with respect to CVD risk, although the effects on HDL-C levels should also be taken into consideration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2250 Alcazar St, IGM 206, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. hallayee@usc.edu
authors.forename: Hooman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Allayee
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hartiala
authors.forename: Won
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Margarete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mehrabian
authors.forename: Charles G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Irvin
authors.forename: David V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001249:Asthma / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011804:Quinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013440:Sulfides; D013806:Theophylline / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008055:Lipids; D011804:Quinolines; D013440:Sulfides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D013806:Theophylline; C093875:montelukast