title: 4-Aminopyridine derivatives enhance impulse conduction in guinea-pig spinal cord following traumatic injury.
abstract: 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), a potassium channel blocker, is capable of restoring conduction in the injured spinal cord. However, the maximal tolerated level of 4-AP in humans is 100 times lower than the optimal dose in in vitro animal studies due to its substantially negative side effects. As an initial step toward the goal of identifying alternative potassium channel blockers with a similar ability of enhancing conduction and with fewer side effects, we have synthesized structurally distinct pyridine-based blockers. Using isolated guinea-pig spinal cord white matter and a double sucrose gap recording device, we have found three pyridine derivatives, N-(4-pyridyl)-methyl carbamate (100 microM), N-(4-pyridyl)-ethyl carbamate (100 microM), and N-(4-pyridyl)-tertbutyl (10 microM) can significantly enhance conduction in spinal cord white matter following stretch. Similar to 4-AP, the derivatives did not preferentially enhance conduction based on axonal caliber. Unlike 4-AP, the derivatives did not change the overall electrical responsiveness of axons to multiple stimuli, indicating the axons recruited by the derivatives conducted in a manner similar to healthy axons. These results demonstrate the ability of novel constructs to serve as an alternative to 4-AP for the purpose of reversing conduction deficits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, 408 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Byrn
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Borgens
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002219:Carbamates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D015761:4-Aminopyridine