title: Printing multistrain bacterial patterns with a piezoelectric inkjet printer.
abstract: Many studies involving interacting microorganisms would benefit from simple devices able to deposit cells in precisely defined patterns. We describe an inexpensive bacterial piezoelectric inkjet printer (adapted from the design of the POSaM oligonucleotide microarrayer) that can be used to "print out" different strains of bacteria or chemicals in small droplets onto a flat surface at high resolution. The capabilities of this device are demonstrated by printing ordered arrays comprising two bacterial strains labeled with different fluorescent proteins. We also characterized several properties of this piezoelectric printer, such as the droplet volume (of the order of tens of pl), the distribution of number of cells in each droplet, and the dependence of droplet volume on printing frequency. We established the limits of the printing resolution, and determined that the printed viability of Escherichia coli exceeded 98.5%.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Living Matter and Center for Physics and Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Merrin
authors.forename: Stanislas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leibler
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chuang
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004581:Electronics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019044:Image Cytometry; D007281:Ink; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast / Q000379:methods; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011327:Printing / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012984:Software