title: Severe retinal injuries from paintball projectiles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the outcomes and circumstances of retinal injuries caused by blunt trauma from paintball pellet projectiles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series of all patients who presented with retinal injuries due to paintball-related trauma to 2 retina specialists in a clinical setting from 2004 to 2005. Patients were followed for a mean of 7.3 months, and retinal trauma was documented with retinal photographs and ocular coherence tomography as needed. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was the main outcome measure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three eyes of 3 patients suffered severe retinal injuries after blunt trauma from a paintball pellet. Together, the 3 eyes demonstrated extensive retinal findings, including commotio retinae, choroidal rupture, and macular hole. BCVA at last follow-up ranged from 20/80 to hand motions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our small case series indicates that retinal trauma from paintball injuries is not uncommon and results in severe long-term visual morbidity. The sale of paintball guns and pellets should be strictly prohibited for minors, and adults should be educated about the need for appropriate ocular protection and the potentially serious consequences of the use of these guns outside of commercial settings.
authors.affiliation: Undergraduate Medicine Department, University of Toronto, Ont.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baath
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Ells
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kherani
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002829:Choroid / Q000293:injuries; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010988:Play and Playthings / Q000293:injuries*; D012160:Retina / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012421:Rupture; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*