title: Do the same houses poison many children? An investigation of lead poisoning in Rochester, New York, 1993-2004.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In several cities, researchers have found that a discrete number of properties owned by a small number of owners house multiple lead poisoned children over time. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not a small number of properties were implicated in the poisoning of multiple children in Rochester, New York, between 1993 and 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the patterns of ownership and repeated positive environmental investigations (i.e., documented lead hazards) in homes of lead poisoned children using county health department data during a 12-year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A small percentage (14.8%) of properties in which the health department found a lead hazard had previously documented lead hazards. When a second positive investigation occurred, the average elapsed time between investigations was a little less than three years. Only four property owners owned more than two properties that had multiple positive investigations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In some cities, a small number of properties or property owners provide housing for a large percentage of lead poisoned children. However, this situation is not universal. In Rochester, a relatively small percentage of homes that housed a child with an elevated blood lead level have a history of housing lead poisoned children. In cities like Rochester, lead hazard reduction resources should focus on high-risk housing stock determined by factors such as age, value, and condition, rather than on those with a prior record of housing lead poisoned children.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Sciences Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. Katrina_korfmacher@urmc.rochester.edu
authors.forename: Katrina Smith
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Korfmacher
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuholski
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006798:Housing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D010150:Paint / Q000633:toxicity