title: Viability and cellulose synthesizing ability of Gluconacetobacter xylinus cells under high-hydrostatic pressure.
abstract: The effect of pressure on viability and the synthesis of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter xylinus ATCC53582 were investigated. G. xylinus was statically cultivated in a pressurized vessel under 0.1, 30, 60, and 100 MPa at 25 degrees C for 6 days. G. xylinus cells remained viable and retained cellulose producing ability under all the conditions tested, though the production of cellulose decreased with increasing the pressure. The BCs produced at each pressure condition were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). FE-SEM revealed that the widths of BC fibers produced under high pressure decreased as compared with those produced under the atmospheric pressure. By FT-IR, all the BCs were found to be of Cellulose type I, as the same as typical native cellulose. Our findings evidently showed that G. xylinus possessed a piezotolerant (barotolerant) feature adapting to 100 MPa without losing its BC producing ability. This was the first attempt in synthesizing BC with G. xylinus under elevated pressure of 100 MPa, which corresponded to the deep sea at 10,000 m.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yajima
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nozaki
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Amano
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D001274:Atmospheric Pressure; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002482:Cellulose / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D041822:Gluconacetobacter xylinus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002482:Cellulose