title: High frequency of amantadine-resistant influenza A (H3N2) viruses in the 2005-2006 season and rapid detection of amantadine-resistant influenza A (H3N2) viruses by MAMA-PCR.
abstract: Using the newly designed mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA) PCR, we demonstrated the high frequency of amantadine-resistant influenza A (H3N2) viruses isolated during the 2005-2006 season by detecting the mutation at amino acid position 31 of the M2 protein (S31N). Further, phylogenetic analyses of the HA1 sequences of the S31N viruses revealed that they comprised a clonal lineage that would result in the common characteristic amino acid changes at positions 193 (Ser to Phe) and 225 (Asp to Asn) of the HA protein. We also demonstrated that the S31N/S193F/D225N viruses had already emerged in Aichi Prefecture by the end of the previous 2004-2005 season.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Nagoya 462-8576, Japan. mami_hata@pref.aichi.lg.jp
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuzuki
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Norimichi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Seidai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakae
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minagawa
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000547:Amantadine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020137:Base Pair Mismatch; D001483:Base Sequence; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D006801:Humans; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000821:virology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
chemical_list: D000547:Amantadine; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; C488937:M2 protein, Influenza A virus; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins