title: Self-rated health and its determinants among adults in Syria: a model from the Middle East.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-rated health (SRH) has been widely used to research health inequalities in developed western societies, but few such studies are available in developing countries. Similar to many Arab societies, little research has been conducted in Syria on the health status of its citizens, particularly in regards to SRH. This Study aims to investigate and compare determinants of SRH in adult men and women in Aleppo, Syria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey of adults 18 to 65 years old residing in Aleppo (2,500,000 inhabitants), Syria was carried out in 2004, involving 2038 household representatives (45.2% men, age range 18-65 years, response rate 86%). SRH was categorized as excellent, normal, and poor. Odds ratios for poor and normal SRH, compared to excellent, were calculated separately for men and women using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women were more likely than men to describe their health as poor. Men and women were more likely to report poor SRH if they were older, reported two or more chronic health problems, or had high self perceived functional disability. Important gender-specific determinants of poor SRH included being married, low socioeconomic status, and not having social support for women, and smoking, low physical activity for men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women were more likely than men to describe their health as poor. The link with age and pre-existing chronic conditions seems universal and likely reflects natural aging process. Determinants of SRH differed between men and women, possibly highlighting underlying cultural norms and gender roles in the society. Understanding the local context of SRH and its determinants within the prevailing culture will be important to tailor intervention programs aimed at improving health of the Syrian and similar Arab societies.
authors.affiliation: Syrian Centre for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria. taghrid@scts-sy.org
authors.forename: Taghrid
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asfar
authors.forename: Balsam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Samer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rastam
authors.forename: Tanja P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Mulloli
authors.forename: Kenneth D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Wasim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maziak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012649:Self Concept; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013593:Syria / Q000453:epidemiology