title: Hepatitis C virus stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and stimulates the synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor.
abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the major causes of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, which subsequently leads to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The overexpression of the angiogenic factors has been demonstrated in HCC. In this study, we investigated the potential of HCV gene expression in inducing angiogenesis. Our results show that HCV infection leads to the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha). We further show that this stabilization was mediated via oxidative stress induced by HCV gene expression. The activation of NF-kappaB, STAT-3, PI3-K/AkT, and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase was necessary for HIF-1alpha stabilization. HIF-1alpha induction in turn led to the stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor. By using the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, we show that HCV-infected cells released angiogenic cytokines, leading to neovascularization in vivo. These results indicate the potential of HCV gene expression in angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Moore's Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0711, USA.
authors.forename: Md
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasimuzzaman
authors.forename: Gulam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Waris
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mikolon
authors.forename: Dwayne G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Stupack
authors.forename: Aleem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D002642:Chick Embryo; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane / Q000098:blood supply; D015870:Gene Expression; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D016328:NF-kappa B; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases