title: Can gray-scale and color Doppler sonography differentiate between uterine leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoma?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of gray-scale and color Doppler sonography to distinguish uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) from leiomyoma (LM).
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the preoperative gray-scale and color Doppler sonographic findings of 8 patients with LMS, 21 patients with cellular leiomyomas, and 3 patients with smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential and compared these findings to 225 patients with benign LM. All patients underwent myomectomy or hysterectomy. Number, size, echotexture, degenerative changes, and vascularity (central or peripheral; absent, mild, moderate, or marked) were recorded and correlated to the histologic findings
  
  
  RESULTS
  LMSs were significantly larger than other uterine smooth muscle tumors. They were all solitary, and 7/8 lesions had a diameter >or=8 cm. Degenerative cystic changes were observed in 4 lesions, and increased peripheral and central vascularity was demonstrated in 7 lesions. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of increased central and peripheral vascularity in the diagnosis of LMS were 100%, 86%, and 19%, respectively. Combining other sonographic findings with marked central vascularity, positive predictive value increased to 60%, but sensitivity decreased to 75%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the present study suggest that the detection of hypervascularity in combination with other sonographic findings can identify suspicious uterine smooth muscle tumors that will require additional diagnostic evaluation before treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università degli Studi di Roma, Tor Vergata, Ospedale Generale S. Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli, Isola Tiberina 2, 00186 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Exacoustos
authors.forename: Maria Elisabetta
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Romanini
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amadio
authors.forename: Concetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Amoroso
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szabolcs
authors.forename: Errico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zupi
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arduini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007890:Leiomyosarcoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*