title: DS02 fluence spectra for neutrons and gamma rays at Hiroshima and Nagasaki with fluence-to-kerma coefficients and transmission factors for sample measurements.
abstract: Fluence spectra at several ground distances in Hiroshima and Nagasaki are provided along with associated fluence-to-kerma coefficients from the Dosimetry System 2002 (DS02). Also included are transmission factors for calculating expected responses of in situ sample measurements of neutron activation products such as (32)P,(36)Cl,(39)Ar,(41)Ca, (60)Co,(63)Ni,(152)Eu, and (154)Eu. The free-in-air (FIA) fluences calculated in 2002 are available for 240 angles, 69 energy groups, 101 ground distances, 5 heights, 4 radiation source components, 2 cities. The DS02 code uses these fluences partitioned to a prompt and delayed portion, collapsed to 58 energy groups and restricted to 97 ground distances. This is because the fluence spectra were required to be in the same format that was used in the older Dosimetry System 1986 (DS86) computer code, of which the DS02 computer code is a modification. The 2002 calculation fluences and the collapsed DS02 code fluences are presented and briefly discussed. A report on DS02, which is available on the website at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, provides tables and figures of the A-bomb neutron and gamma-ray output used as the sources in the 2002 radiation transport calculations. While figures illustrating the fluence spectra at several ground ranges are presented in the DS02 Report, it does not include any tables of the calculated fluence spectra in the DS02 report. This paper provides, at several standard distances from the hypocenter, the numerical information which is required to translate the FIA neutron fluences given in DS02 to a neutron activation measurement or neutron and gamma-ray soft-tissue dose.
authors.affiliation: Science Applications International Corporation, 10260 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. stephen.d.egbert@saic.com
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Egbert
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: Harry M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Cullings
mesh_terms: D001822:Body Burden; D002947:Cities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D009502:Neutrons; D009689:Nuclear Warfare; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D011847:Radioactive Fallout / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D011847:Radioactive Fallout