title: Significance of tumour volume measurements in tongue cancer: a novel role in staging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tongue cancers are staged by the American Joint Committee on Cancer and the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer TNM staging systems. Cancer, however, evolves in a 3-D plane. Hence, using the largest tumour diameter will not reflect total cancer volume. We aim to evaluate the use of tongue cancer tumour volume (Tv) as a prognostic predictor of disease recurrence and survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is a retrospective analysis of patients in Singapore General Hospital who underwent complete resection for histologically proven tongue carcinoma from 2000 to 2002. The Tv was measured on staging T(2)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging datasets by semiautomated methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen patients with a median follow-up duration of 57.9 months were studied. A wide range of volumes was noted in each T stage. The median time to relapse was 8.6 months for those with Tv > or = 13 cc but was not achieved for those with Tv < 13 cc. The hazard ratio comparing Tv > or = 13 cc versus <13 cc is 9.02 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.70-47.94, P = 0.014). Of the seven deaths reported, five patients had Tv > or = 13 cc. The median overall survival was 15.8 months for those with Tv > or = 13 cc but was not achieved for those with Tv < 13 cc. The hazards of death for Tv > or = 13 cc was 3.91 times that of Tv < 13 cc (95% CI 0.86-17.86, P = 0.078).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tongue cancer Tv measurement allows a more refined and accurate assessment of tumour status. This can be a possible prognostic indicator and be used in a novel staging method for the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Min H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.forename: James B K
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.forename: Vincent F H
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Bee C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Kee C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Soo
authors.forename: Dennis T H
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D047368:Tumor Burden