title: Significance of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in improgan antinociception.
abstract: Improgan is a congener of the H(2) antagonist cimetidine, which produces potent antinociception. Because a) the mechanism of action of improgan remains unknown and b) this drug may indirectly activate cannabinoid CB(1) receptors, the effects of the CB(1) antagonist/inverse agonist rimonabant (SR141716A) and 3 congeners with varying CB(1) potencies were studied on improgan antinociception after intracerebroventricular (icv) dosing in rats. Consistent with blockade of brain CB(1) receptors, rimonabant (K(d) = 0.23 nM), and O-1691 (K(d) = 0.22 nM) inhibited improgan antinociception by 48% and 70% after icv doses of 43 nmol and 25 nmol, respectively. However, 2 other derivatives with much lower CB(1) affinity (O-1876, K(d) = 139 nM and O-848, K(d) = 352 nM) unexpectedly blocked improgan antinociception by 65% and 50% after icv doses of 300 nmol and 30 nmol, respectively. These derivatives have 600-fold to 1500-fold lower CB(1) potencies than that of rimonabant, yet they retained improgan antagonist activity in vivo. In vitro dose-response curves with (35)S-GTPgammaS on CB(1) receptor-containing membranes confirmed the approximate relative potency of the derivatives at the CB(1) receptor. Although antagonism of improgan antinociception by rimonabant has previously implicated a mechanistic role for the CB(1) receptor, current findings with rimonabant congeners suggest that receptors other than, or in addition to CB(1) may participate in the pain-relieving mechanisms activated by this drug. The use of congeners such as O-848, which lack relevant CB(1)-blocking properties, will help to identify these cannabinoid-like, non-CB(1) mechanisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This article describes new pharmacological characteristics of improgan, a pain-relieving drug that acts by an unknown mechanism. Improgan may use a marijuana-like (cannabinoid) pain-relieving mechanism, but it is shown presently that the principal cannabinoid receptor in the brain (CB(1)) is not solely responsible for improgan analgesia.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA.
authors.forename: Neal C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Gehani
authors.forename: Julia W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Nalwalk
authors.forename: Raj K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Razdan
authors.forename: Billy R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Xufung
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wentland
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Abood
authors.forename: Lindsay B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Hough
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002927:Cimetidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) / Q000378:metabolism; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D000077285:Rimonabant; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D010880:Piperidines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; C099531:SKF 92374; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); D002927:Cimetidine; D000077285:Rimonabant