title: Comparison of conventional methods for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in children of the Center-West Region of Brazil.
abstract: In Brazil, sophisticated techniques currently employed for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis, such as polymerase chain reaction-based assays, are only available in major research centers, whereas conventional methods are still used in many areas where the disease occurs. In the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in the country's Center-West Region, visceral leishmaniasis has recently emerged in many cities, and duration of the disease, from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis, has been short. Considering that results of diagnostic tests may depend on the phase of the disease, we compared direct examination of bone marrow aspirates (BMAs), BMA culture, and serology by Indirect Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT) for diagnosis in children, according to time of evolution (< or = 30 days or > 30 days) and to spleen size (< or = 5 cm or > 5 cm) at admission. Duration of the illness did not interfere with test positivity: direct smear examination and IFAT were positive in more than 80% of patients, as was culture in around 60%. Results of positive microscopy, however, where predominant in patients with larger spleens. Thanks to the association of traditional techniques, only a few patients had to begin a treatment trial without confirming the diagnosis. Conventional methods for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis are still indispensable in our region, and training professionals in basic techniques should be incremented. The highest sensitivity in laboratory diagnosis among the cases investigated was that obtained with a combination of BMA direct examination and IFAT, nearing 100%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. brustoloni@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Yvone M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Brustoloni
authors.forename: Rivaldo V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: Maria Elizabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dorval
authors.forename: Elisa T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Oshiro
authors.forename: Elenir R J C
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Pontes
authors.forename: Ana Lúcia L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hillebrand
authors.forename: Luis Felipe
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000469:parasitology*; D001938:Brazil; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002648:Child; D003470:Culture Media; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000276:immunology*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D003470:Culture Media