title: Chemical composition and biological activity of a new type of Brazilian propolis: red propolis.
abstract: Propolis has been used as a medicinal agent to treat infections and promote wound healing for centuries. The aim of the present study was to test the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of a new type of Brazilian propolis, popularly called red propolis, as well as to analyze its chemical composition. The antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus mutans UA159 was evaluated and the chloroform fraction (Chlo-fr) was the most active with lower MIC ranging from 25 to 50 microg/ml. The hexane fraction (H-fr), having the highest concentration of total flavonoids, showed the best sequestrating activity for the free radical DPPH. The ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) showed cytotoxic activity for the HeLa tumor cells with an IC(50) of 7.45 microg/ml. When the EEP was analyzed by GC-MS, seven new compounds were found, among which four were isoflavones. Our results showed that the red propolis has biologically active compounds that had never been reported in other types of Brazilian propolis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agri-Food industry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, CEP 13418-900, SP, Brazil. alenca@easlq.usp.br
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Alencar
authors.forename: T L C
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Oldoni
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: I S R
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Costa-Neto
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cury
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Rosalen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikegaki
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001938:Brazil; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002725:Chloroform / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003408:Cresols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D060754:Equol; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006586:Hexanes / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036343:Pterocarpans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011794:Quercetin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D000094162:Phytoalexins
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001572:Benzofurans; D001578:Benzopyrans; D002725:Chloroform; D003408:Cresols; D060754:Equol; D000431:Ethanol; D006586:Hexanes; D007529:Isoflavones; D011429:Propolis; D036343:Pterocarpans; D011794:Quercetin; C007610:4',7-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydroisoflavone; C525189:4',7-dimethoxy-2'-isoflavonol; C514760:homopterocarpin; C004742:daidzein; C047353:medicarpin; D000094162:Phytoalexins; C026491:methyl abietate; C505148:2,4,6-trimethylphenol