Radical approach to diabetic nephropathy.
There is increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in the development of diabetic complications. Oxidative stress is increased in diabetes and in chronic kidney disease (CKD). High glucose upregulates transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and angiotensin II (Ang II) in renal cells and high glucose, TGF-beta1, and Ang II all generate and signal through ROS. ROS mediate high glucose-induced activation of protein kinase C and nuclear factor-kappaB in renal cells. Intensive glycemic control and inhibition of Ang II delay the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy, in part, through antioxidant activity. Conventional and catalytic antioxidants were shown to prevent or delay the onset of diabetic nephropathy. Transketolase activators and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors were shown to block major biochemical pathways of hyperglycemic damage. Combination of strategies to prevent overproduction of ROS, to increase the removal of preformed ROS, and to block ROS-induced activation of biochemical pathways leading to cellular damage may prove to the effective in preventing the development and progression of CKD in diabetes.
Lee
H B
HB
Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soon Chun Hyang University, Seoul, Korea.
Seo
J Y
JY
Yu
M R
MR
Uh
S-T
ST
Ha
H
H
D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species