title: Optical phenomenon of peri-implant soft tissue. Part II. Preferred implant neck color to improve soft tissue esthetics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate an optical solution to eliminate the undesirable shine-through effect of implants on peri-implant mucosa by selecting an optimized implant neck color based on an objective and quantifiable method.
  
  
  METHODS
  The optical effect of color strips on 15 peri-implant mucosal sites of 14 patients with Straumann single-tooth implant replacements in the maxillary anterior region was analyzed. The color differences between the peri-implant mucosa with insertion of each of eight different color strips (white, black, light pink, pink, light orange, orange, gold, violet) and the gingiva of an adjacent or contralateral tooth without any color strips were compared for the selection of optimal color of implant neck. Spectrophotometric color measurements were performed to compare the color difference index (DeltaE) and color coordinates (DeltaL*, Deltaa*, Deltab* and DeltaC*).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The colors of the peri-implant mucosa with color strips and the gingiva of natural tooth demonstrated that the test site soft tissue with color strips of light pink, pink, light orange and orange showed a significantly smaller DeltaE value (P<0.05). Moreover, light pink exhibited the lowest mean DeltaE value of 2.6+/-0.6, indicating a clinically indistinguishable color difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that it is possible to improve gingival esthetics by coloring the implant neck, most effectively with light pink, to mask the impact of the underlying titanium implant. The use of implants with optimized neck colors to correct an esthetic deficiency may be a feasible approach to establish improved peri-implant soft tissue esthetics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA. shigemi_nagai@hsdm.harvard.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishikawa-Nagai
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Da Silva
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D003116:Color; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005881:Gingiva / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014070:Tooth
chemical_list: D003764:Dental Materials; D014025:Titanium