A probabilistic cost-effectiveness analysis of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin for the prophylaxis of deep-vein thrombosis following major trauma.
BACKGROUND
In the absence of major contraindications, treatment guidelines recommend that, following a major traumatic event, all patients receive low molecular weight heparin (e.g. enoxaparin) as thromboprophylaxis for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).


OBJECTIVE
To estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of enoxaparin versus low dose unfractionated heparin (UH) for the prophylaxis of DVT following major trauma.


METHODS
Using probabilistic decision-analytic modeling, we estimated the incremental cost-effectiveness of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin for the prophylaxis of DVT following moderate to severe trauma (injury severity score > or = 9) over a life-time time horizon from the perspective of the health care payer. Cost effectiveness was calculated based on both the incremental cost (ïC) per DVT averted and the ïC per life year gained (LYG).


RESULTS
The incremental cost of enoxaparin relative to UH was C$90, and the incremental effectiveness was 0.085 DVTs averted and -0.13 LYG. This resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of C$1,059 per DVT averted, and the conclusion that UH is the dominant strategy in terms of LYG. In addition to the probabilistic analysis, one-way and two-way sensitivity analysis revealed that the model was most sensitive to variation in the discount rate (3-7%), but that UH remained the dominant strategy in terms of life years independent of the parameter estimates.


CONCLUSIONS
Although enoxaparin appears to be a cost-effective alternative when considering the intermediate endpoint of DVTs averted, it may be dominated by UH in terms of LYG due to the higher incidence of major bleeds in patients receiving enoxaparin versus UH.
Lynd
Larry D
LD
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. llynd@interchange.ubc.ca <llynd@interchange.ubc.ca>
Goeree
Ron
R
Crowther
Mark A
MA
O'Brien
Bernie J
BJ
D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D003663:Decision Trees; D016527:Drug Costs; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000191:economics; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007356:Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D018803:Models, Economic; D015233:Models, Statistical; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011336:Probability; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics*
D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D006493:Heparin