title: Direct determination of glucuronide and sulfate of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine, the main metabolite of MDMA, in human urine.
abstract: A sensitive and reliable LC-ESI-MS procedure for the simultaneous determination of MDMA and its five metabolites including 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA) conjugates has been established following the synthesis of two HMMA conjugates, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine-glucuronide (HMMA-Glu) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine-sulfate (HMMA-Sul). Pretreatment of urine samples with methanol and LC-MS employing a C(18) semi-micro column with a gradient elution program provided the successful separations and MS determinations of these analytes within 20 min. Upon applying the method to MDMA users' urine specimens, HMMA-Glu and HMMA-Sul have been directly determined, suggesting the superiority of sulfation to glucuronidation in the HMMA phase II metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Forensic Science Laboratory, Osaka Prefectural Police Headquarters, 1-3-18 Hommachi, Chuo-Ward, Osaka, Japan. nori6499@amber.plala.or.jp
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shima
authors.forename: Hiroe
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamata
authors.forename: Munehiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katagi
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuchihashi
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakuma
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nemoto
mesh_terms: D015104:3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000652:urine; D002138:Calibration; D015198:Designer Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism*; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015198:Designer Drugs; D020719:Glucuronides; D006213:Hallucinogens; D013431:Sulfates; C079646:4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine; D008694:Methamphetamine; D015104:3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine