title: Drug use in motor vehicle drivers presenting to an Australian, adult major trauma centre.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the drug use in injured Victorian drivers involved in motor vehicle collisions and subsequently transported to a major adult trauma centre in Victoria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A blood sample was obtained from patients who had been taken to The Alfred Emergency & Trauma Centre (Prahran, Vic., Australia) following a motor vehicle collision. This was performed at the same time and under the same law as compulsory blood screening in Victoria (Section 56 of the Road Safety Act). Four hundred and thirty-six specimens were analysed. Blood stored in vacutainer tubes containing preservative were screened for drugs using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gas chromatography-mass spectometry analysis. Medically administered drugs were excluded from the results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred and thirty-six specimens were analysed. Metabolites of cannabis were the most commonly found drug (46.7%), the active form of cannabis (Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol) was found in 33 specimens (7.6%). The next most prevalent drugs were benzodiazepines (15.6%), opiates (11%), amphetamines (4.1%) and methadone (3%). Cocaine was detected in 1.4% of cases. Of the motor vehicle collisions 66% involved males and females of 15-44 years old and Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol was almost exclusively found in this age group. In motor vehicle collisions involving older drivers there was an increasing use of benzodiazepines. In women >65 years old 30% were positive for benzodiazepines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drug usage found in this group of injured drivers was disturbingly high. The introduction of further initiatives to decrease the prevalence of drug use in motor vehicle drivers is required.
authors.affiliation: Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. W.Ch'ng@alfred.org.au
authors.forename: Chin Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ch'ng
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gerostamoulos
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: Dinh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.forename: Olaf H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Drummer
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: Morris
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Odell
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001334:Automobile Driving; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014739:Victoria / Q000453:epidemiology