title: Do proliferating cell nuclear antigen and MIB-1/Ki-67 have prognostic value in penile squamous cell carcinoma?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and MIB-1/Ki-67 immunohistochemical expression in predicting lymph node metastasis and survival in primary penile squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective evaluation of 125 patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma submitted to primary tumor treatment, with information on lymph node status. Clinical and pathologic data for PCNA and MIB-1/Ki-67 expression in the primary tumor were analyzed. Correlations between these data and lymph node metastasis risk and survival were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In univariate analysis, low MIB-1/Ki-67 expression, the presence of lymphovascular permeation, clinically positive lymph nodes, tumor thickness greater than 5 mm, and infiltration of cavernous bodies were correlated with lymph node metastasis. However, the independent factors for lymph node metastasis risk were PCNA and MIB-1/Ki-67 immunoreactivity, lymphovascular permeation, and N clinical stage. Independent variables for disease-free survival were urethra infiltration and the presence of lymph node metastasis. For death risk evaluation the independent variables were age, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a correlation between PCNA and MIB1/Ki-67 immunohistochemical expression and the presence of lymph node metastasis. However, PCNA and MIB1/Ki-67 immunohistochemical expression did not have a relationship with survival and death risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pelvic Surgery, Centro de Tratamento e Pesquisa Hospital do Câncer A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil. guimaraesgc@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Gustavo Cardoso
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: Marcos Lima de Oliveira
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: Rodrigo Sousa Madeira
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Stênio de Cássio
authors.initials: Sde C
authors.lastname: Zequi
authors.forename: Francisco Paulo
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: da Fonseca
authors.forename: Isabela Werneck
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: da Cunha
authors.forename: Fernando Augusto
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Ademar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopes
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000556:secondary; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen