title: On the influence of neutrophils in corneas with necrotizing HSV-1 keratitis following amniotic membrane transplantation.
abstract: Necrotizing herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) in mice rapidly improved after amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT). In this study we determined the fate of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) after AMT. AMT or tarsorrhaphy (T) was performed in BALB/c mice with ulcerative HSK. After 2 days, corneas were studied histologically and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). CD11b, Gr-1, and TUNEL-positive cells were identified. Macrophages were depleted by subconjunctival injection of dichloromethylene-diphosphonate-liposomes (Cl(2)MDP-LIP) before AMT. Corneas were studied for interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, CXCL1, CXCL2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production by ELISA. PMN-enriched cell preparations co-cultured with amniotic membrane (AM) or with AM and such recombinant (r) cytokines as rIL-1alpha, rIL-2, and rTNF-alpha or supernatants from activated lymphocytes were investigated by flow cytometry (Annexin-V/7-AAD and TUNEL), and a dimethylthiazolyl-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide (MTT)-viability assay. Corneas in the AMT mice had less inflammation, fewer PMN-like cells and fewer CD11b+, and Gr-1+ cells (P<0.01), but a higher ratio of apoptotic to viable PMN-resembling cells (P<0.01) than the T mice. Phagocytic removal of apoptotic PMN-like cells by macrophages was evident in the AMT group. After Cl(2)MDP-LIP treatment, the corneas had more cell debris and apoptotic cells with PMN-like morphology. The concentrations of IL-1alpha, IL-2, CXCL1, and TNF-alpha were reduced in corneas of the AMT group as compared to that of the T group, while the concentration of CXCL2 was increased. Apoptosis of PMN-resembling cells was detected following cocultivation with AM, even when proinflammatory cytokines were present. Resolution of corneal inflammation in mice with necrotizing HSK after AMT is associated with increased apoptosis of PMN-like cells, reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, an increase of CXCL2, and increased removal of apoptotic PMN-like cells by macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Ophtha-Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 Muenster, Germany. dirk.bauer@uveitis-zentrum.de
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wasmuth
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hermans
authors.forename: Maren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hennig
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meller
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meller
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van Rooijen
authors.forename: Scheffer C G
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Klaus-Peter
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Steuhl
authors.forename: Arnd
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heiligenhaus
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000637:transplantation*; D000818:Animals; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003315:Cornea / Q000276:immunology*; D003319:Corneal Stroma / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D016849:Keratitis, Herpetic / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators