title: Assessing mechanisms of recovery during robot-aided neurorehabilitation of the upper limb.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to qualify and quantify the different components of motor recovery in a group of stroke patients treated by robot-aided techniques. In addition, the learning model of each motor recovery component was analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of poststroke patients were treated with the use of an elbow-shoulder manipulator, respectively, within (recent) and after (chronic) the first 6 months of their cerebrovascular accident. Both groups were evaluated by means of standard clinical assessment scales and a robot-measured evaluation method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These findings confirm that motor training consisting of voluntary movements assisted by the robot device led to significant improvements in motor performance in terms of the kinematic and dynamic components of the arm movements. This corresponded to improvement of impairment as confirmed by the clinical scale results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge of the recovery components and of the associated performance acquisition model may be useful in assessing and training stroke patients and should make it possible to precisely plan and, if necessary, modify the rehabilitation strategies.
authors.affiliation: Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Service of Bioengineering Veruno (NO), Italy. rcolombo@fsm.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pisano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Micera
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazzone
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delconte
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Carrozza
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dario
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Minuco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D026241:Exercise Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010809:Physical Fitness; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014836:Volition