title: Calcium supplements in healthy children do not affect weight gain, height, or body composition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Calcium intake is a potential factor influencing weight gain and may reduce body weight, but the evidence for this in children is conflicting. The aim of this study was to use data from randomized controlled trials to determine whether calcium supplementation in healthy children affects weight or body composition.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a systematic review. We identified potential studies by searching the following electronic bibliographic databases: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, MANTIS, ISI Web of Science, Food Science and Technology Abstracts, and Human Nutrition up until April 1, 2005 and hand-searched relevant conference abstracts. Studies were included if they were placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials of calcium supplementation, with at least 3 months of supplementation, in healthy children and with outcome measures including weight. Meta-analyses were performed using fixed effects models and weighted mean differences for weight and height and standardized mean differences (SMDs) for body composition measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant effects of calcium supplementation on weight [+0.14 kg; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.28, +0.57 kg], height (+0.22 cm; 95% CI, -0.30, +0.74 cm), body fat (SMD, +0.04; 95% CI, -0.08, +0.15), or lean mass (SMD, +0.14; 95% CI, -0.03, +0.31).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no evidence to support the use of calcium supplementation as a public health intervention to reduce weight gain or body fat in healthy children. Although our results do not rule out an effect of dietary supplementation with dairy products on weight gain or body composition, there is little evidence to support this hypothesis.
authors.affiliation: Menzies Research Institute, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia. tania.winzenberg@utas.edu.au
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Winzenberg
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Jayne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fryer
authors.forename: Graeme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D012016:Reference Values; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium