title: Friendship moderates prospective associations between social isolation and adjustment problems in young children.
abstract: This longitudinal study investigated prospective links between social isolation and adjustment problems among 166 (77 girls, 89 boys) Finnish children ages 7 to 9. Peer nominations for social engagement and self-reports of internalizing and externalizing problems were collected in the spring of the 1st and 2nd grade. Friendship moderated prospective associations between peer and adjustment variables. Among friended children, there were no prospective associations between social isolation and either internalizing or externalizing problems. Among unfriended children, initial social isolation was positively linked to subsequent increases in internalizing and externalizing problems, and initial internalizing and externalizing problems predicted subsequent increases in social isolation. The findings suggest that friendship buffers against the adverse consequences associated with being isolated and presenting adjustment difficulties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Lauderdale 33314, USA. laursen@fau.edu
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Laursen
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Bukowski
authors.forename: Kaisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aunola
authors.forename: Jari-Erik
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nurmi
mesh_terms: D000275:Adjustment Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012919:Social Behavior; D012934:Social Isolation; D012963:Sociometric Techniques