title: Transfusion-related acute lung injury in the critically ill: prospective nested case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute lung injury (ALI) that develops 6 hours after transfusion (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-related mortality. Several transfusion characteristics have been postulated as risk factors for TRALI, but the evidence is limited to retrospective studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare patient and transfusion risk factors between patients who do and do not develop ALI.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective cohort study, consecutive transfused critically ill patients were closely observed for development of ALI. Donor samples were collected from the transfusion bags. Risk factors were compared between patients who developed ALI after transfusion and transfused control patients, matched by age, sex, and admission diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-four of 901 transfused patients developed ALI within 6 hours of transfusion (8%). Compared with transfused control subjects, patients with ALI were more likely to have sepsis (37 vs. 22%, P = 0.016) and a history of chronic alcohol abuse (37 vs. 18%, P = 0.006). When adjusted for patient characteristics, transfusion of plasma from female donors (odds ratio [OR], 5.09; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.37-18.85) rather than male donors (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 0.76 to 3.37), number of pregnancies among the donors (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.34), number of donor units positive for anti-granulocyte antibodies (OR, 4.85; 95% CI, 1.32-17.86) and anti-HLA class II antibodies (OR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.15-8.25), and concentration of lysophosphatidylcholine in the donor product (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.10 to 2.59) were associated with the development of ALI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both patient and transfusion risk factors determine the probability of ALI after transfusion. Transfusion factors represent attractive targets for the prevention of ALI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. gajic.ognjen@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Ognjen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gajic
authors.forename: Rimki
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Winters
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.forename: Otis B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Rickman
authors.forename: Megan M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: O'Byrne
authors.forename: Laura K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Evenson
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malinchoc
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: DeGoey
authors.forename: Bekele
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Afessa
authors.forename: Rolf D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hubmayr
authors.forename: S Breanndan
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000379:methods; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D065227:Transfusion Reaction; D016896:Treatment Outcome