title: Phospholipase A2 is important for glucose induction of rhythmic Ca2+ signals in pancreatic beta cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pancreatic beta cells respond to glucose stimulation with pulses of insulin release generated by oscillatory rises of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). The observation that exposure to external ATP and other activators of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) rapidly induces rises of [Ca2+]i similar to ordinary oscillations made it important to analyze whether suppression of the cPLA2 activity affects glucose-induced [Ca2+]i rhythmicity in pancreatic beta cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ratiometric fura-2 technique was used for measuring [Ca2+]i in single beta cells and small aggregates prepared from ob/ob mouse islets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Testing the effects of different inhibitors of cPLA2 in the presence of 20 mM glucose, it was found that N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (ACA) removed the oscillations at a concentration of 25 microM, arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3) at 10 microM, and bromoenol lactone (BEL) at 10 to 15 microM. Withdrawal of ACA and BEL resulted in reappearance of the oscillations. Suppression of the arachidonic acid production by addition of 5 microM of the diacylglycerol lipase inhibitor 1,6-bis-(cyclohexyloximinocarbonylamino)-hexane (RHC 80267) effectively removed the [Ca2+]i oscillations, an effect reversed by removal of the inhibitor or addition of 100 microM tolbutamide. Suppression of the arachidonic acid production had a restrictive influence also on the transients of [Ca2+]i supposed to synchronize the beta-cell rhythmicity. Although less sensitive than the oscillations, most transients disappeared during exposure to 50 microM ACA or 35 microM RHC 80267.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support the idea that cyclic variations of cPLA2 activity are important for the generation and synchronization of the beta-cell [Ca2+]i oscillations responsible for pulsatile release of insulin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Histology and Cell Biology, University of Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. gerd.larsson-nyren@histocel.umu.se
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Larsson-Nyrén
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grapengiesser
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hellman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000502:physiology*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009991:Oscillometry; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002934:Cinnamates; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; C085901:4-amylcinnamoylanthranilic acid; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D005947:Glucose