title: Systemic warming as an adjunct to resuscitation in peritonitis: a pilot, randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bacterial peritonitis is accompanied by a high risk of sepsis and endotoxin production resulting in physiological derangements and a high mortality rate. Localized and systemic warming improves tissue perfusion, oxygen tension, and outcomes after surgery. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of systemic warming as an adjunct to standard antibiotic and fluid resuscitation in patients with peritonitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this pilot randomized controlled trial, patients presenting with an acute abdomen were randomized into control and warmed groups using sequential envelopes. Local Ethics Committee approval was obtained. Systemic warming was delivered using the Inditherm warming mattress set at 40 degrees C. Standard oxygen, fluid resuscitation, and antibiotics were delivered simultaneously. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores were recorded on admission and 24 h later or just prior to surgery, whichever was earlier.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three patients were recruited. The APACHE II scores on admission were comparable (median 9.0 [range 2-23] and 9.0 [0-20], respectively, for the control and warmed groups (p = 0.70; Mann-Whitney U test)). No patient showed any adverse effects of warming. There were statistically significant improvements in APACHE II scores (p = 0.028; Wilcoxon signed ranks test) and the magnitude of its change (p = 0.048; Mann-Whitney U test) in the warmed group compared with the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systemic warming may reduce physiological derangements and improve the prognosis in patients with intra-abdominal crisis. The technique may be used safely as an adjunct to standard resuscitation in peritonitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, Cleveland, United Kingdom. pwong23@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Peng Foo
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Senthil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: David John
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Leaper
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000006:Abdomen, Acute; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000628:therapy*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome