title: New vaccines require potent adjuvants like AFPL1 and AFCo1.
abstract: Neisseria meningitidis B proteoliposome (AFPL1 when used as adjuvant) and its derivative-Cochleate (AFCo1) contain immunopotentiating and immunomodulating properties and delivery system capacities required for a good adjuvant. Additionally, they contain meningococcal protective antigens and permit packaging of other antigens and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP). Consequently, we hypothesized that they would function as good vaccine adjuvants for their own antigens and also for non-related antigens. AFPL1 is a detergent-extracted outer membrane vesicle of N. meningitidis B transformed into AFCo1 in calcium environment. Both are produced at Finlay Institute under good manufacture practices (GMP) conditions. We show their exceptional characteristics: combining in the same structure, the potentiator activity, polarizing agents and delivery system capacities; presenting multimeric protein copies; containing multiprotein composition and multi and synergistic PAMP components; acting with incorporated or co-administrated antigens; inducing type I IFN-gamma and IL-12 cytokines suggesting the stimulation of human plasmocytoid precursor and conventional dendritic cells, respectively, inducing a preferential Th1 immune response with TCD4(+), TCD8(+), cross-presentation and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) in vivo responses; and functioning by parenteral and mucosal routes. AFPL1-AFCo1 protective protein constitutions permit per se their function as a vaccine. In addition to Phase IV Men BC vaccine, AFPL1 has ended the preclinical stage in an allergy vaccine and is concluding the preclinical stage of a nasal meningococcal vaccine. In conclusion, AFPL1 and AFCo1 induced signal 1, 2 and 3 polarizing to a Th1 (including CTL) response when they acted directly as vaccines or were used as adjuvants with incorporated or co-administered antigens by parenteral or mucosal routes. Both are very promising adjuvants.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Department, Finlay Institute, Havana City, Cuba. oliverp@finlay.edu.cu
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lastre
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: del Campo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bracho
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cuello
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balboa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Acevedo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zayas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barberá
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Fajardo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sierra
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Solís
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campa
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D008585:Meningitis, Meningococcal / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D038541:Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B / Q000276:immunology*; D011510:Proteolipids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D008081:Liposomes; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines; D011510:Proteolipids; C020485:proteoliposomes