title: Identification of novel allergens of Aspergillus fumigatus using immunoproteomics approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Approximately 20% of the world's asthmatics are suffering from Aspergillus fumigatus (Afu)-induced allergies. The characterization of specific IgE-inducing allergens in allergic aspergillosis patients is fundamental for clinical diagnosis and for immunotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunoproteomics combined with mass spectrometric analysis was used to identify proteins of third-week culture filtrate (3wcf) potentially responsible for Afu-specific IgE immunoreactivity, using pooled sera from Afu-sensitized asthmatics. Their allergenic potential was also tested against patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis immunoblotting of 3wcf proteins with individual sera from such patients. This helped us to establish a set of candidate allergens, which could be explored further for diagnostic application in allergic aspergillosis asthmatics including ABPA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peptide mass fingerprint using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and/or de novo sequencing by MS/MS analysis of the protein spots from 2-D gels led to the identification of a total of 16 allergens of Afu. Eleven of them are being reported as allergens for the first time and five had been reported earlier. Putative isoforms of the proteins Asp f 13 and chitosanase have been observed for the first time. When studied for reactivity of these proteins among patients with ABPA using their individual sera, these patients exhibited sensitization although the pattern was varying. Taken together, these proteins could thus be considered as potential allergens even among patients with ABPA. Three of these proteins viz. the hypothetical protein (# spot no. 5), extracellular arabinase (# spot no. 6) and chitosanase (# spot no. 11) could be major allergens with specific IgE immunoreactivity with six out of eight patients' sera.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The immunoproteomic approach applied to the analysis of culture filtrate proteins resulted in the identification of several candidate allergens, many of them novel, contributing to the catalogue of Afu allergenic proteins, which would facilitate improved serodiagnosis for allergic aspergillosis. In addition, the immunoreactivity of these proteins observed among the patients with ABPA may be potentially useful for its serodiagnosis and opens up further opportunities for the development of personalized immunotherapeutics for patients with ABPA.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biochemistry and Diagnostics Division, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gautam
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Madan
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Gade
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sirdeshmukh
authors.forename: P U
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Sarma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D001229:Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D040901:Proteomics; D012698:Serologic Tests; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C019868:chitosanase