title: Molecular genetic analysis of remains from Lamadong cemetery, Liaoning, China.
abstract: The Xianbei existed as a remarkable nomadic tribe in northeastern China for three dynasties: the Han, Jin, and Northern-Southern dynasties (206 BC to 581 AD) in Chinese history. A very important subtribe of the Xianbei is the Murong Xianbei. To investigate the genetic structure of the Murong Xianbei population and to address its genetic relationships with other nomadic tribes at a molecular level, we analyzed the control region sequences and coding-region single nucleotide polymorphism markers of mtDNA from the remains of the Lamadong cemetery of the Three-Yan Culture of the Murong Xianbei population, which is dated to 1,600-1,700 years ago. By combining polymorphisms of the control region with those from the code region, we assigned 17 individuals to haplogroups B, C, D, F, G2a, Z, M, and J1b1. The frequencies of these haplogroups were compared with those of Asian populations and a multidimensional scaling graph was constructed to investigate relationships with other Asian populations. The results indicate that the genetic structure of the Lamadong population is very intricate; it has haplogroups prevalent in both the Eastern Asian and the Siberian populations, showing more affinity with the Eastern Asian populations. The present study also shows that the ancient nomadic tribes of Huns, Tuoba Xianbei, and Murong Xianbei have different maternal genetic structures and that there could have been some genetic exchange among them.
authors.affiliation: Ancient DNA Laboratory, Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haijing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Binwen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Victor H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Mair
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Chengzhi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Quanchao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics / Q000266:history*; D002048:Burial; D002681:China; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis / Q000266:history; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000032:analysis; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006239:Haplotypes; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D004247:DNA