title: A quantitative profile of the patent medicine industry in Baltimore from 1863 to 1930.
abstract: At least 661 unique patent medicine manufacturers promoted their nostrums in Baltimore from 1863 to 1930. The industry saw its greatest growth from 1880 to 1900 and peaked in 1907. Overall, about 7% of these companies were owned by women and 4% by African-Americans. Based on the short life span of most companies, the business environment appears to have been very competitive. The patent medicine industry began a steady decline after 1907 and by 1930 had lost nearly 40% of the companies. The temporal correlation of this decline with the passage of the Food and Drugs Act of 1906 argues strongly that this legislation was an important contributor to the decline of the industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Room B314, 1503 E. Jefferson, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. mtorben@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torbenson
authors.forename: Jonathon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Erlen
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising / Q000266:history; D001741:Black or African American / Q000266:history; D015142:Baltimore; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000266:history*; D016520:Entrepreneurship / Q000266:history; D005260:Female; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007880:Legislation, Drug / Q000266:history; D008297:Male; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000266:history*; D011781:Quackery / Q000266:history; D014930:Women / Q000266:history
chemical_list: D004366:Nonprescription Drugs