title: Molecular and functional expression of anion exchangers in cultured normal human nasal epithelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anions have an important role in the regulation of airway surface liquid (ASL) volume, viscosity and pH. However, functional localization and regulation of anion exchangers (AEs) have not been clearly described. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation of AE mRNA expression level in accordance with mucociliary differentiation and the functional expression of AEs cultured normal human nasal epithelial (NHNE) cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nasal mucosal specimens from three patients are obtained and serially cultured cells are subjected to morphological examinations, RT-PCR, Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. AE activity is assessed by pHi measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of ciliated cells on the apical membrane and expression of MUC5AC, a marker of mucous differentiation, increased with time. AE2 and SLC26A4 mRNA expression decreased as mucociliary differentiation progressed, and AE4, SLC26A7 and SLC26A8 mRNA expression increased on the 14th and 28th day after confluence. Accordingly, AE4 protein expression also progressively increased. AE activity in 100 mM K(+) buffer solutions was nearly twofold higher than that in 5 mM K(+) buffer solutions. Moreover, only luminal AE activity increased about fourfold over the control in the presence of 5 microM forskolin. In the presence of 100 microM adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) which evokes intracellular calcium signalling through activation of purinergic receptors, only luminal AE activity was again significantly increased. On the other hand, 500 microM 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), an inhibitor of most SLC4 and SLC26AE isoforms, nearly abolished AE activity in both luminal and basolateral membranes. We found that AE activity was affected by intracellular cAMP and calcium signalling in the luminal membrane and was DIDS-sensitive in both membranes of cultured NHNE cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings through molecular and functional studies using cultured NHNE cells suggest that AEs may have an important role in the regulation of ASL.
authors.affiliation: The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D017920:Antiporters / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D027963:Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters; D002923:Cilia / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003470:Culture Media; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009093:Mucus / Q000378:metabolism; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D027982:Sodium-Bicarbonate Symporters / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D017920:Antiporters; D002614:Chelating Agents; D027963:Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters; D003470:Culture Media; C440068:SLC4A9 protein, human; D027982:Sodium-Bicarbonate Symporters; C070379:1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester; D005576:Colforsin; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; D002118:Calcium