title: Tubal flushing for subfertility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A possible therapeutic effect of diagnostic tubal patency testing has been debated in the literature for half a century. Further debate surrounds whether oil-soluble or water-soluble contrast media might have the bigger fertility-enhancing effect.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of flushing a woman's fallopian tubes with oil- or water-soluble contrast media on subsequent fertility outcomes in couples with infertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group's specialised register of trials (searched 31 January 2007), MEDLINE, EMBASE, Biological Abstract and reference lists of articles.
  
  
  METHODS
  All randomised trials comparing tubal flushing with oil-soluble contrast media or tubal flushing with water-soluble media or with no treatment in women with subfertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information. We collected adverse effects information from the trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve trials involving 2079 participants were included. Tubal flushing with oil-soluble media versus no intervention was associated with a significant increase in the odds of live birth (Peto OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.40 to 6.37) and of pregnancy (Peto OR 3.30, 95% CI 2.00 to 5.43). For the comparison of tubal flushing with oil-soluble media versus tubal flushing with water-soluble media, the increase in the odds of live birth for tubal flushing with oil-soluble versus water-soluble media (Peto OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.11) was based on two trials where statistical heterogeneity was present and the higher quality trial showed no significant difference; there was no evidence of a significant difference in the odds of pregnancy (Peto OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.54). The addition of oil-soluble media to flushing with water-soluble media showed no evidence of a significant difference in the odds of pregnancy (Peto OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.79) or live birth (Peto OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.77). There were no serious adverse event reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is evidence of effectiveness of tubal flushing with oil-soluble contrast media in increasing the odds of pregnancy and live birth versus no intervention. Future robust randomised trials, comparing oil-soluble versus water-soluble media, water-soluble media versus no intervention and tubal flushing versus established treatments for infertility would be a useful further guide to clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Maxima Medical Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wilhelminapark 3, Valkenswaard, Noord-Brabant, Netherlands, 5554JD. fennaymke@hotmail.com
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luttjeboer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lilford
authors.forename: B W J
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Mol
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005186:Fallopian Tube Patency Tests / Q000379:methods*; D005187:Fallopian Tubes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000628:therapy*; D009821:Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011247:Pregnancy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009821:Oils