title: Predictors of tumor downsizing and regression with preoperative radiotherapy alone and with concomitant tegafur/uracil (UFT) for resectable advanced rectal adenocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Predictors of sensitivity to preoperative radiotherapy (RT) may differ from those of chemo-radiotherapy (CRT). This study attempts to evaluate retrospectively the significance of apoptosis-related and proliferative indexes in biopsy specimens obtained before treatment as predictors of sensitivity to RT or to CRT for locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 96 patients with clinical T3-4/Nx/M0 adenocarcinoma of the middle third or lower third of the rectum. Sixty-one patients were treated with preoperative RT alone (20 Gy in 10 fractions) [RT group] during 1991-1998, and 35 patients received concurrent oral tegafur/uracil (UFT) [CRT group] since 1999. Radical surgery including TME and pelvic nerve preservation with 15 Gy of intraoperative RT was performed two weeks after completion of the preoperative radiation. We evaluated apoptotic index (AI) and p53, p21 and Ki-67 protein expression in the biopsy specimens, and histological differentiation, pathologic regression in the resected specimens and the degree of tumor shrinkage based on the double contrast barium enema images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AI-positivity, p53-negativity, p21-positivity and well differentiated adenocarcinoma were predictors of high sensitivity in RT group, whereas AI-positivity alone was the predictor in CRT group. The addition of UFT to RT increased sensitivity in patients with p53-positivity, p21-negativity and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Predictors of sensitivity are different between RT and CRT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tokai University, School of Medicine Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan. sadahiro@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Sotaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sadahiro
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saguchi
authors.forename: Seiei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makuuchi
authors.forename: Chieko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohizumi
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017209:Apoptosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D005641:Tegafur / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014498:Uracil / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005641:Tegafur; D014498:Uracil