title: Neuropsychiatric symptoms in nursing home patients: factor structure invariance of the Dutch nursing home version of the neuropsychiatric inventory in different stages of dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the influence of dementia stage and psychoactive medication use on the factor structure of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Nursing Home version (NPI-NH) in Dutch nursing home patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The NPI-NH was administered to a large sample of 1,437 patients with mild to severe dementia receiving nursing home care. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine behavioural dimensions underlying neuropsychiatric symptoms indicated by the NPI-NH across dementia stages (as assessed with the Global Deterioration Scale - GDS) and in patients with or without psychoactive medication prescribed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In GDS stages 4/5, 6 and 7, a 4- or 5-factor solution was found, with factors referred to as agitation/aggression, depression, psychosis, psychomotor agitation and apathy. These symptom clusters were replicated in the group of drug-naive patients, but only partially in the group of patients on psychoactive medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The factor structure of the NPI-NH in nursing home patients is consistent with the clinical taxonomy of symptoms, is relatively stable across dementia stages, and is only moderately influenced by psychoactive medication use. The division of depression and apathy into separate behavioural dimensions - also in patients with severe dementia - may have important therapeutic consequences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing Home Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen, Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. s.Zuidema@vphg.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Sytse U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Zuidema
authors.forename: Jos F M
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: de Jonghe
authors.forename: Frans R J
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Verhey
authors.forename: Raymond T C M
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Koopmans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D003704:Dementia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D009735:Nursing Homes; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs