title: Late presentation of bochdalek-type congenital diaphragmatic hernia in children: a 23-year experience at a single center.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article is to report on our 23-year experience of treating children with late-presenting congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), focusing on diagnostic difficulties, associated anomalies, and morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 19 children in whom Bochdalek-type CDH was diagnosed after the neonatal period, between 1983 and 2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 14 boys and 5 girls, with a mean age of 18.3 months (range, 5 weeks-14 years). Ten (52.6%) of the patients presented with respiratory symptoms and five (26.3%) with gastrointestinal symptoms. The diagnosis of CDH was based on the findings of chest X-rays, gastrointestinal tract contrast radiographs, and computerized tomography findings. The CDH was on the left side in 16 patients and on the right side in three patients. A hernia sac was present in seven (36.8%) patients. The only postoperative complications were intestinal obstruction caused by adhesions, incisional hernia, and eventration of the diaphragm in one patient each. None of the patients died within this study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The possibility of a delayed presentation of CDH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of recurrent non-specific respiratory or gastrointestinal tract symptoms in a child. A plain roentgenogram with a swallowed nasogastric tube might assist in the diagnosis. Early surgical correction of the diaphragmatic defect is crucial for preventing life-threatening complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dicle University Medical Faculty, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat Kemal
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Cigdem
authors.forename: Abdurrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onen
authors.forename: Selcuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Otcu
authors.forename: Hanifi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okur
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006548:Hernia, Diaphragmatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome