title: Spondylitis in a humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) from the southeast Pacific.
abstract: A 7.25 m long male humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) with spondylitis was found beached on August 13, 1994 at Ancon, Ecuador (2 degrees 23' S, 80 degrees 47' W). The condition involved at least 11 vertebrae, 7 lumbar (L4 to L11) and 4 caudal (Ca1 to Ca4). Partial fusion of vertebrae was observed as a result of intervertebral bony proliferation, likely impeding full motion. The relatively young age of this specimen and the severity of the deformities suggest an infectious, rather than degenerative, process. The gross findings are most consistent with some type of spondyloarthritis. Although this condition has previously been identified in a number of cetacean species, the pathogenesis, population impact and ecologic implications have not been fully assessed. This is the third case described for humpback whales and the first for a humpback whale from the SE Pacific.
authors.affiliation: Fundación Ecuatoriana para el Estudio de Mamíferos Marinos (FEMM), PO Box 09-01-11905, Guayaquil, Ecuador. fernandofelix@femm.org
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Félix
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.forename: Windsor E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Aguirre
mesh_terms: D033304:Amphipoda / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000818:Animals; D001170:Arthritis, Infectious / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D004478:Ectoparasitic Infestations / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D004484:Ecuador; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D050640:Humpback Whale; D008297:Male; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D013131:Spine / Q000473:pathology*; D025241:Spondylarthritis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D013166:Spondylitis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*