title: Survival and axonal regeneration of off-center retinal ganglion cells of adult cats are promoted with an anti-glaucoma drug, nipradilol, but not BDNF and CNTF.
abstract: OFF-center retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) occupy a smaller proportion than ON RGCs when RGCs regenerate axons into a transplanted peripheral nerve. We examined whether the regeneration ability of OFF RGCs in adult cats was promoted when the numbers of regenerating RGCs were increased with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)+ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)+forskolin (BCF) or 3,4-dihydro-8-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylamino)-propoxy-3-nitroxy-2H-1-benzopyran (nipradilol), an anti-glaucoma drug. ON or OFF RGCs were morphologically determined on the basis of their dendritic ramification in the inner plexiform layer using computational analysis. In the normal intact retina the ratio of ON and OFF RGCs (ON/OFF ratio) was 1.25 (55%/44%); whereas, it was 2.61 in regenerating RGCs with saline injection (control) 6 weeks after peripheral nerve transplantation. Estimated numbers of regenerating ON and OFF RGCs were 2149 and 895, respectively. An injection of BCF increased only numbers of ON RGCs into 5766 (2.7-fold to control) but not that of OFF RGCs, n=858. Nipradilol increased both estimated numbers of ON (11,518, 5.4-fold to control) and OFF RGCs (7330, 8.2-fold to control). In the retinas with optic nerve (OpN) transection and intravitreal saline-, BCF- or nipradilol-injection, numbers of ON and OFF RGCs surviving axotomy showed similar trend to that in regenerating RGCs. Thus, nipradilol promoted the survival and regeneration abilities of both of ON and OFF RGCs whereas BCF only did the abilities of ON RGCs. The distribution of tropo-myosin-related kinase B, BDNF receptor, was sparser in the outer two thirds of inner plexiform layer. The lower surviving ability of OFF-RGCs may be attributed in part to the distribution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Turuma-cho 65, Showaku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sagawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tokita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002415:Cats; D002452:Cell Count; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020934:Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053739:Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003712:Dendrites / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003714:Denervation; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D020221:Optic Nerve Injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020813:Receptor, trkB / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D020934:Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor; D053739:Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Receptor alpha Subunit; D011412:Propanolamines; D020813:Receptor, trkB; C036089:nipradilol