title: Determination of the pesticides considered as endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) by solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography with electron capture and mass spectrometric detection.
abstract: An SPE method followed by GC-electron capture detection (ECD) with confirmation by MS for the trace determination of four pesticides considered as endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in natural waters and sediments has been developed. Target analytes, fenarimol, fenvalerate, pendimethalin, and vinclozolin, belong to different chemical groups and are used mainly in agriculture. In the present study, analysis employs an offline SPE step for the extraction of the target analytes from natural waters. Sonication and subsequent SPE clean-up was used for extraction and purification of the sediment samples which were finally treated with activated copper powder. The type of SPE disk, eluents as well as solution parameters including pH value, and concentrations of salts and humic substances were examined for the efficiency of the method. The recoveries of all pesticides were in relatively high levels, ranging from 75 to 97% for waters and 71 to 84% for sediment samples. Both methods were applied to real water and sediment samples and the presence of the tested compounds was investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Vasiliki I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Valsamaki
authors.forename: Vasilios A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Sakkas
authors.forename: Triantafyllos A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Albanis
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D004583:Electrons; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000187:drug effects*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D006801:Humans; D006812:Humic Substances; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009570:Nitriles / Q000032:analysis; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000032:analysis; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000032:analysis; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000032:analysis; D012492:Salts / Q000737:chemistry; D013455:Sulfur / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D006812:Humic Substances; D009570:Nitriles; D010080:Oxazoles; D010575:Pesticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012492:Salts; D013455:Sulfur; D003300:Copper; C025643:vinclozolin; C033789:fenarimol; C030856:pendimethalin; C017690:fenvalerate