title: Effects of in utero and lactational exposure to triphenyltin chloride on pregnancy outcome and postnatal development in rat offspring.
abstract: The organotin compound (OTC) triphenyltin (TPT) is used extensively as a herbicide, pesticide and fungicide in agriculture as well as, together with tributyltin (TBT), in marine antifouling paints. We studied the effects of in utero exposure to 2 or 6 mg triphenyltinchloride (TPTCl)/kgb.w. on pregnancy outcome and postnatal development in rat offspring. Gravid Wistar rats were treated per gavage from gestational day 6 until the end of lactation. In the 6 mg TPTCl dose group gestational mortality in dams as well as an increased incidence of anticipated and delayed parturition was observed. Furthermore, treatment resulted in a significant increase in perinatal mortality, a decrease in lactational body weight gain as well as in delayed physical maturation of offspring. Similarily, exposure to 2mg TPTCl/kgb.w. resulted in a significant increase in perinatal mortality and in delayed eye opening. Lactational body weight gain and other landmarks of physical maturation were unaffected in the low dose group. We conclude, that in utero exposure to TPTCl at the described dose levels severely affected pregnancy outcome and perinatal survival of offspring. These results were unexpected, as in two earlier studies with pubertal rats TPTCl at the same dose levels no signs of general toxicity were observed.
authors.affiliation: Inst. of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité University Medical School, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Germany. konstanze.grote@charite.de
authors.forename: Konstanze
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grote
authors.forename: Carolin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hobler
authors.forename: Anderson J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Simone Wichert
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gericke
authors.forename: Chris E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Talsness
authors.forename: Klaus E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Appel
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chahoud
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000833:Animals, Suckling; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation; D008098:Litter Size / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D009947:Organotin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000209:etiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D050497:Stillbirth; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D009947:Organotin Compounds; C012594:triphenyltin chloride