title: Literature review of questionnaires assessing vertigo and dizziness, and their impact on patients' quality of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vertigo and dizziness, which are major symptoms of diseases affecting the vestibular system, drastically impair patients' health-related quality of life (QoL). Patient's perspectives are thus essential to symptom assessment. We sought to make a critical review of published questionnaires measuring vertigo or dizziness, and/or their impact on QoL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine articles reporting the validation or use in clinical trials of vertigo- or dizziness-specific questionnaires were identified over the 1991-2004 period, and reviewed using a methodological and a Patient-Reported Outcomes specific checklist. Questionnaires were classified into three categories according to content: QoL (or handicap), mixed (assessing both symptoms and QoL), and symptom questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four QoL, three mixed questionnaires, two symptoms, and one Meniere's disease-specific questionnaire were identified. QoL questionnaire validation was usually not complete. The structural validity of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory is not established, although this questionnaire is considered to be the reference questionnaire in the QoL domain. Moreover, QoL questionnaires were not very specific to vertigo or dizziness. Similarly, the Vertigo Handicap Questionnaire appeared to have the most pertinent content, but its validation remains to be completed. Mixed questionnaires have the same imperfections. The Vertigo, Dizziness, Imbalance (VDI) Questionnaire had the best validation score from the checklist, but its responsiveness appears to be weak. Regarding symptom questionnaires, the European Evaluation of Vertigo questionnaire evaluated the five major symptoms of vestibular syndrome satisfactorily.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present literature review failed to find any relevant and validated questionnaire assessing the impact of vertigo or dizziness on QoL.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine Department, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duracinsky
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mosnier
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bouccara
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sterkers
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chassany
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004244:Dizziness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014717:Vertigo