title: Dark therapy for bipolar disorder using amber lenses for blue light blockade.
abstract: "Dark Therapy", in which complete darkness is used as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder, roughly the converse of light therapy for depression, has support in several preliminary studies. Although data are limited, darkness itself appears to organize and stabilize circadian rhythms. Yet insuring complete darkness from 6 p.m. to 8 a.m. the following morning, as used in several studies thus far, is highly impractical and not accepted by patients. However, recent data on the physiology of human circadian rhythm suggests that "virtual darkness" may be achievable by blocking blue wavelengths of light. A recently discovered retinal photoreceptor, whose fibers connect only to the biological clock region of the hypothalamus, has been shown to respond only to a narrow band of wavelengths around 450 nm. Amber-tinted safety glasses, which block transmission of these wavelengths, have already been shown to preserve normal nocturnal melatonin levels in a light environment which otherwise completely suppresses melatonin production. Therefore it may be possible to influence human circadian rhythms by using these lenses at night to blunt the impact of electrical light, particularly the blue light of ubiquitous television screens, by creating a "virtual darkness". One way to investigate this would be to provide the lenses to patients with severe sleep disturbance of probable circadian origin. A preliminary case series herein demonstrates that some patients with bipolar disorder experience reduced sleep-onset latency with this approach, suggesting a circadian effect. If amber lenses can effectively simulate darkness, a broad range of conditions might respond to this inexpensive therapeutic tool: common forms of insomnia; sleep deprivation in nursing mothers; circadian rhythm disruption in shift workers; and perhaps even rapid cycling bipolar disorder, a difficult- to -treat variation of a common illness.
authors.affiliation: Corvallis Psychiatric Clinic, 3517 Samaritan Drive, Corvallis, OR 97330, United States. jimp@PsychEducation.org
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Phelps
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D003624:Darkness; D005139:Eyeglasses; D006801:Humans; D008550:Melatonin / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D018462:Photobiology; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D008550:Melatonin