title: Intra-articular ganglia of the knee joint associated with the anterior cruciate ligament: a report of 4 cases in 3 patients.
abstract: Intra-articular ganglia are rare and mostly incidental findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arthroscopy. We present 4 cases of intra-articular ganglion cysts associated with the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in 3 patients. The most commonly occurring symptoms were pain aggravated after stressing activities and limited knee range of motion. In 1 patient, ganglion cysts appeared in both knees with a time difference of 1 year. An MRI revealed typical signs of ganglion cysts in the substance of the ACL. Arthroscopy was performed for further evaluation and treatment. Histologic examination of the tissue removed revealed the presence of features consistent with ganglion cysts. Therefore, in the case of chronic knee discomfort with nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms and without a clear cause, an intra-articular ganglion cyst should be considered as causing pathology. An MRI is the most sensitive and specific method for diagnosis. However, the relatively slow progression of symptoms may delay the patient's decision to seek medical attention. Delayed diagnosis makes arthroscopic total resection of the ganglion technically demanding or not possible at all, and extensive debridement of the ACL may be required.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Sofia I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Andrikoula
authors.forename: Haris S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Vasiliadis
authors.forename: Anastasios V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Tokis
authors.forename: Paraskevi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kosta
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Batistatou
authors.forename: Anastasios D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Georgoulis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000473:pathology*; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013581:Synovial Cyst / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome