title: Endorectal sonography in rectal cancer staging and indication for local surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radical surgery still plays a decisive role in the therapy of rectal cancer. Besides classical abdominal operations, an alternative is transanal endoscopic resection of rectal tumor at T1 and T2 stages. Indication for local resection of malignant rectal tumor requires an accurate preoperative staging.
  
  
  METHODS
  The paper evaluates the accuracy of 3D endorectal sonography in rectal cancer staging. In the group of 78 patients the staging of preoperative 3D endorectal sonography was compared with a final histopathologic of the operative sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results obtained indicate that the preoperative staging of malignant rectal tumor using 3D endorectal sonography represents 100% only in the pT1 stage. In the pT2 stage, the accuracy of 3D endorectal sonography is 72%, in pT3 and pT4 represents 92%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of our experience, complicated interpretation of findings obtained by 3D endorectal sonography occurs at limits of T2-T3 and T3-T4. In these localizations the peripheral reactive fibrous and inflammatory sections in the vicinity of tumor tissue often involve even the next layer of rectal wall and leads to overevaluation of invasion depth at endorectal sonography of rectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Second Surgical Dept., Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic. kamil.vyslouzil@fnol.cz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vyslouzil
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cwiertka
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zboril
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kucerova
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Starý
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Klementa
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Skalický
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duda
mesh_terms: D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012007:Rectum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery