title: Participation of the inositol phospholipid signaling pathway in the increase in cytosolic calcium induced by tributyltin chloride intoxication of chlorophyllous protozoa Euglena gracilis Z and its achlorophyllous mutant SM-ZK.
abstract: Exposure of tri-n-butyl tin chloride (TBTCl) as a stressor to Euglena gracilis Z causes rapid alteration of cell morphology followed by deflagellation. The present study was undertaken to reveal the mechanism of the cell response at a molecular level. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, in this study E. gracilis Z and its achlorophyllous mutant SM-ZK, gave similar results when subject to the same stressor. Indeed, similar results were obtained with both strains. Next, assuming that the morphological alteration caused by TBTCl is mediated by the inositide phosphate-lipid signaling pathway, the effects of signal transduction and Ca2+ release reagents (mastoparan as a G-protein activator, neomycin as a phospholipase C inhibitor, verapamil as a Ca2+ channel blocker, and A23187 as a Ca2+ ionophore) on morphology and intracellular Ca2+ levels were examined with or without TBTCl. The data strongly suggest that the morphological alteration is mediated by an increase in Ca2+ linked to the inositol phosphatide pathway. The cellular response to signal transduction inducing reagents was compared between the E. gracilis chlorophyllous Z strain and its achlorophyllous mutant SM-ZK strain. Significant differences were observed between the Z and SM-ZK strains in terms of the stress response and intracellular Ca2+ level.
authors.affiliation: Division of Photo-Biology, Graduate School for Creation of New Photonics Industries, 1955-1 Kurematsu, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-1202, Japan. mariohta@gpi.ac.jp
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005056:Euglena gracilis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005407:Flagella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009154:Mutation; D009355:Neomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology; D014862:Wasp Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; D014862:Wasp Venoms; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002734:Chlorophyll; D000001:Calcimycin; C011559:tributyltin; C037500:mastoparan; D014700:Verapamil; D009355:Neomycin; D002118:Calcium