Metabolomic approach to evaluate the toxicological effects of nonylphenol with rat urine.
Metabolomics has focused on toxicological applications to (1) understand the mechanisms of toxicity, (2) identify novel biomarkers of toxicity, and (3) provide in vivo assessment in animal models through simple and fast methods to date. The toxicological effects of nonylphenol (NP) were evaluated after intraperitoneal injection of rats with 0, 50, and 250 mg kg(-1) day(-1) NP for four consecutive days. In the nontargeted approach, different extraction conditions were introduced to investigate the effects of NP on rats through gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The GC/MS data obtained were further analyzed with partial least-squares discriminant analysis to compare toxicological effects between control and treated groups. The targeted approach was also used in combination with GC/MS to quantify endocrine hormones and to identify possible biomarkers in rat urine under optimal extraction conditions. In addition, we considered the metabolic trajectory to examine the metabolite profiles and patterns related to steroid metabolism in rats that were treated with NP, considering both treatment amount and time. The data suggest that tetrahydrocorticosterone and 5alpha-tetrahydrocorticosterone are possible urinary biomarkers of NP-induced toxicity. This metabolomic approach is a promising tool to assist with screening in toxicological studies.
Lee
Sang Hee
SH
Bioanalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Korea.
Woo
Han Min
HM
Jung
Byung Hwa
BH
Lee
Jeongae
J
Kwon
Oh Seung
OS
Pyo
Hee Soo
HS
Choi
Man Ho
MH
Chung
Bong Chul
BC
D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008660:Metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013256:Steroids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D014116:Toxicology / Q000379:methods*
D015415:Biomarkers; D010636:Phenols; D013256:Steroids; C003676:tetrahydrocorticosterone; C025256:nonylphenol; D003345:Corticosterone