title: Cost-effectiveness of suppressing hepatitis B virus DNA in immune tolerant patients to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the immune tolerant phase, the current standard of care is to not offer treatment. However, the recent Risk Evaluation of the Viral Load Elevation and Associated Liver Disease/Cancer-In study results show a striking relationship between high HBV DNA levels and risk for hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In a cost effectiveness analysis, to assess whether immune tolerant patients with high HBV DNA levels should undergo treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We created a lifetime Markov model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of two strategies for immune tolerant hepatitis B: (i) HBV DNA suppression with lamivudine, (ii) no treatment. Patients cycled between the following health states: viral suppression, ongoing viremia, seroconversion, hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis and death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the no treatment strategy, lamivudine therapy was more expensive but more cost-effective with an additional cost of $5784 and $12 584 per quality adjusted life year gained in males and females, respectively. Treatment resulted in a gain in life expectancy and a decrease in lifetime risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Suppressing HBV DNA to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis in immune tolerant patients is very cost-effective, and treatment of these patients may be considered. Future prospective clinical trials will need to be undertaken to confirm our findings.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Enriquez
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000191:economics* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006515:Hepatitis B virus; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000191:economics* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000191:economics* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019259:Lamivudine