title: Cogrinding enhances the oral bioavailability of EMD 57033, a poorly water soluble drug, in dogs.
abstract: The oral bioavailability of EMD 57033, a calcium sensitizing agent with poor solubility, was compared in dogs using four solid dosage form formulation approaches: a physical blend of the drug with excipients, micronization of the drug, preparation of coground mixtures and spray-drying of the drug from a nanocrystalline suspension. The formulations contained generally accepted excipients such as lactose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and sodium lauryl sulphate in usual quantities. Drug micronization and cogrinding was realized by a jet-milling technique. Nanoparticles were created by media milling using a bead mill. All formulations were administered orally as dry powders in hard gelatine capsules. While micronization increased the absolute bioavailability of the solid drug significantly compared to crude material (from nondetectable to 20%), cogrinding with specific excipients was able to almost double this improvement (up to 39%). With an absolute bioavailability of 26%, spray-dried nanoparticular EMD 57033 failed to show the superior bioavailability that had been anticipated from in vitro data. The control solution prepared with cyclodextrin was shown to have an absolute bioavailability of 57% (vs. i.v. infusion). It was concluded that cogrinding can be a useful tool to improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs from a solid dosage form format.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vertzoni
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kunath
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reppas
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dressman
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D011804:Quinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012995:Solubility; D013829:Thiadiazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D011804:Quinolines; D013829:Thiadiazines; C070609:EMD 53998