title: Management of diaphragmatic injury during transperitoneal laparoscopic urological procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carbon dioxide pneumothorax is a rare complication in laparoscopic urology, but with the widespread use of laparoscopy and the increasing surgical pathologies managed by this technique this infrequent complication has become a potential risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 786 laparoscopic transperitoneal urologic operations were reviewed at our institution. All procedures were performed by the same surgeon and included 213 adrenalectomies, 181 simple nephrectomies, 143 lymphadenectomies, 118 radical nephrectomies, 107 partial nephrectomies and 24 nephroureterectomies. Mean patient age was 53.2 years (range 24 to 70). Mean BMI was 28.15 Kg/m2 (range 20 to 48.9).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 6 cases (0.7%) of diaphragmatic injury were found. All reported patients had additional factors that may have contributed to diaphragmatic injury. Diaphragmatic repair was always carried out by intracorporeal suturing and only one case required chest tube placement. All patients evolved uneventfully.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repair of diaphragmatic injuries should always be attempted with intracorporeal suture since this is a feasible, reproducible and reliable technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Clinica Santa Maria, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile. octaviocastillo@vtr.net
authors.forename: Octavio A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vitagliano
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Manuel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cortes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011031:Pneumothorax, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide