title: [Study on molluscicidal effect of the extracts from sarcotesta of Ginkgo biloba].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the molluscicidal activity and the fish acute toxicity of the molluscicides extracted from Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta by benzinum (EGSB) (with major component of ginkgolic acid), arecoline (ARE) and their combination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oncomelania hupensis snails were immersed in different concentrations of dry powder sarcotesta of Ginkgo biloba (DPGB), extract of Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta by water (EGSW) and EGSB by WHO recommended method for molluscicide screening to observe the molluscicidal activity, and also the inhibiting effect on the snails' climbing-up as well as acute toxicity to Brachydanio rerio. Niclosamide was used as control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The three extractions from Ginkgo biloba all showed molluscicidal activity, with EGSB as the best. Its 24 h LC50 and LC90 were 0.65 mg/L and 5.50 mg/L, and the 48 h LC50 and LC90 were 0.07 mg/L and 0.85 mg/L, respectively. The combination of EGSB and ARE showed better effect than EGSB alone. Its 24 h LC50 and LC90 were 0.26 mg/L and 0.56 mg/L respectively, a sharp decrease by 60% and 90% compared to EGSB (P<0.05). Under the concentration of 2.50 mg/L of EGSB, the rate of snails' climbing-up was 10%, while under the concentration of 0.16 mg/L of the EGSB+ARE combination, the rate was 8%. The inhibition on the snails' climbing-up of the combination was stronger than EGSB. The fish survived for 24 h and 10th respectively at the concentration of 1 x LC90 and 2 x LC90 of EGSB. Under the concentration of 2 x LC90 of the combination, only 50% of the fish died and no fish died at the concentration of 1 x LC90. The toxicity of the combination was lower than EGSB alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EGSB shows an adequate molluscicidal activity and it is worth of further investigation.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China. chensxia@ujs.edu.cn
authors.forename: Sheng-Xia
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiao-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Long-Gen
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Rong-Xian
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Shi-He
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry*; D008975:Molluscacides / Q000633:toxicity*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000633:toxicity*; D012908:Snails / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D008975:Molluscacides; D010936:Plant Extracts