title: Carotid intima-media thickness in pediatric type 1 diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the carotid artery intima-media thickness in Hispanic pediatric type 1 diabetic patients against that in healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, height, and BMI.
  
  
  METHODS
  The evaluation consisted of anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, and a carotid Doppler and real-time ultrasound, in which carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT), peak systolic velocity, and end diastolic velocity were measured using standardized procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 52 diabetic patients and 47 control subjects were included. No significant differences existed in the characteristics between case and control subjects (mean age 11.8 +/- 3.1 vs. 11.8 +/- 2.8 years, weight 42.2 +/- 15.3 vs. 44.2 +/- 14.4 kg, height 1.45 +/- 0.15 vs. 1.47 +/- 0.15 m, BMI 19.3 +/- 3.2 vs. 19.9 +/- 4.4 kg/m2, systolic blood pressure 99.1 +/- 9.9 vs. 99.6 +/- 9 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure 63 +/- 6.4 vs. 62.0 +/- 5.7 mmHg, respectively). The mean duration of diabetes was 4.8 +/- 3.2 years (range 6-144 months), and the mean A1C was 8.6 +/- 1.6%. A significantly higher cIMT was found in the patients with type 1 diabetes (0.463 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.441 +/- 0.04 mm; P = 0.001). In contrast, both peak systolic velocity (107.1 +/- 22.8 vs. 119.3 +/- 19.2, P < 0.005) and end diastolic velocity (28.4 +/- 6.0 vs. 33.0 +/- 7.0, P < 0.001) were higher in the control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type 1 diabetes is associated with higher cIMT and decreased flow velocities in a Hispanic pediatric population.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Endocrinología, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rabago Rodriguez
authors.forename: Rita A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gómez-Díaz
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tanus Haj
authors.forename: Francisco Jose
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Avelar Garnica
authors.forename: Eleazar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ramirez Soriano
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nishimura Meguro
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Salinas
authors.forename: Niels H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Wacher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D012016:Reference Values; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography