title: Visceral adipose tissue accumulation, cardiorespiratory fitness, and features of the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been suggested that overweight and obese individuals with an adequate level of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), the so-called fat and fit, are at reduced risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine whether individuals with low CRF have more visceral adipose tissue (AT) accumulation compared with individuals with high CRF and to verify whether low CRF is associated with a poorer metabolic profile, we performed a cross-sectional study of 169 asymptomatic men without diabetes mellitus (mean +/- SD body mass index [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared], 25.9 +/- 4.4; and mean +/- SD age, 37.1 +/- 14.0 years). Abdominal AT accumulation, CRF, and indexes of plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis and of the lipoprotein-lipid profile were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More visceral AT accumulation was observed among men in the lowest tertile of CRF compared with men in the highest tertile of CRF (mean +/- SD, 139.6 +/- 70.2 cm2 vs 74.7 +/- 41.6 cm2; P < .001). Overall, the plasma lipoprotein-lipid profiles were more favorable in men with a high CRF compared with individuals with a low CRF, as men with a low CRF had higher triglyceride (mean +/- SD, 161 +/- 73 mg/dL vs 99 +/-45 mg/dL; P < .001) and apolipoprotein B (mean +/- SD, 106 +/- 23 mg/dL vs 89 +/- 24 mg/dL; P < .009) levels and an increased total cholesterol-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (mean +/- SD, 5.27 +/- 1.00 vs 3.96 +/- 1.17; P = .002) than men with high CRF. After matching individuals with similar body mass index values but with high or low CRF, men with low CRF were characterized by more visceral AT accumulation than men with high CRF (mean +/- SD, 114.4 +/- 59.9 cm2 vs 87.8 +/- 49.1 cm2; P < .007) and by a poorer metabolic profile. However, when matched for visceral AT accumulation, such differences were no longer statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study underlines the importance of visceral AT accumulation in the previously reported association between CRF and metabolic complications predictive of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Laval Research Centre, Hôpital Laval, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Benoit J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Arsenault
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lachance
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lemieux
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alméras
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bouchard
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pérusse
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Després
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D002784:Cholesterol