title: Daily versus as-needed inhaled corticosteroid for mild persistent asthma (The Helsinki early intervention childhood asthma study).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of inhaled budesonide given daily or as-needed on mild persistent childhood asthma. Patients, design and
  
  
  METHODS
  176 children aged 5-10 years with newly detected asthma were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: (1) continuous budesonide (400 microg twice daily for 1 month, 200 microg twice daily for months 2-6, 100 microg twice daily for months 7-18); (2) budesonide, identical treatment to group 1 during months 1-6, then budesonide for exacerbations as needed for months 7-18; and (3) disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) 10 mg three times daily for months 1-18. Exacerbations were treated with budesonide 400 microg twice daily for 2 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lung function, the number of exacerbations and growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with DSCG the initial regular budesonide treatment resulted in a significantly improved lung function, fewer exacerbations and a small but significant decline in growth velocity. After 18 months, however, the lung function improvements did not differ between the groups. During months 7-18, patients receiving continuous budesonide treatment had significantly fewer exacerbations (mean 0.97), compared with 1.69 in group 2 and 1.58 in group 3. The number of asthma-free days did not differ between regular and intermittent budesonide treatment. Growth velocity was normalised during continuous low-dose budesonide and budesonide therapy given as needed. The latter was associated with catch-up growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regular use of budesonide afforded better asthma control but had a more systemic effect than did use of budesonide as needed. The dose of ICS could be reduced as soon as asthma is controlled. Some children do not seem to need continuous ICS treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. markku.t.turpeinen@hus.fi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turpeinen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nikander
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pelkonen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Syvänen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sorva
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Raitio
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malmberg
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Juntunen-Backman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haahtela
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019819:Budesonide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D019819:Budesonide; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium