title: The empirical redefinition of the psychometric criteria for remission in bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current definitions of remission for mania and bipolar depression are convention-rather than empirically-based, and their clinical salience is unclear, as few studies have attempted to calibrate them against objective clinical criteria. This study aimed to determine equivalence scores on two widely used clinical rating scales, the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), that corresponded with an objective global clinical measure of remission in bipolar disorder patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from four pharmacological randomised controlled trials in bipolar I disorder were analysed. Two trials were conducted for bipolar depression (N=410 and 833), and two for manic or mixed episodes (N=136 and 110). In this study, a Clinical Global Impression-Bipolar Version (CGI-BP) severity score of 1 (normal, not at all ill) was used as the primary comparative measure of remission. The mean total YMRS and MADRS scores in the mania and depression studies, respectively, that corresponded with a CGI-BP severity score of 1 were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean YMRS score that corresponded with a CGI-BP severity score of 1 was <4 in both trials (2.6 and 3.0, respectively), and the mean corresponding MADRS score was <5 (4.1 and 4.6, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Utilising a psychometric definition of remission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that a cut-off score of <5 on the MADRS and <4 on the YMRS approximates a CGI-BP definition of complete remission. Although lower than conventional cut-off scores, these perhaps better represent clinical reality and patient expectations. In the context of clinical trials, study end-points may be more difficult to reach with lower cut-offs, but the outcomes achieved are more likely to be clinically meaningful.
authors.affiliation: Barwon Health and The Geelong Clinic, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berk
authors.forename: Felicity
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Wei V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: Philip B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Gin S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Malhi
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tohen
mesh_terms: D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014227:Triazines / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D014227:Triazines; D005473:Fluoxetine; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000077152:Olanzapine; D000077213:Lamotrigine