title: Procedural results and acute complications in stenting native and recurrent coarctation of the aorta in patients over 4 years of age: a multi-institutional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We report a multi-institutional experience with intravascular stenting (IS) for treatment of coarctation of the aorta.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data was collected retrospectively by review of medical records from 17 institutions. The data was broken down to prior to 2002 and after 2002 for further analysis. A total of 565 procedures were performed with a median age of 15 years (mean=18.1 years). Successful reduction in the post stent gradient (<20 mm Hg) or increase in post stent coarctation to descending aorta (DAo) ratio of >0.8 was achieved in 97.9% of procedures. There was significant improvement (P<0.01) in pre versus post stent coarctation dimensions (7.4 mm+/-3.0 mm vs. 14.3+/-3.2 mm), systolic gradient (31.6 mm Hg+/-16.0 mm Hg vs. 2.7 mm Hg+/-4.2 mm Hg) and ratio of the coarctation segment to the DAo (0.43+/-0.17 vs. 0.85+/-0.15). Acute complications were encountered in 81/565 (14.3%) procedures. There were two procedure related deaths. Aortic wall complications included: aneurysm formation (n=6), intimal tears (n=8), and dissections (n=9). The risk of aortic dissection increased significantly in patients over the age of 40 years. Technical complications included stent migration (n=28), and balloon rupture (n=13). Peripheral vascular complications included cerebral vascular accidents (CVA) (n=4), peripheral emboli (n=1), and significant access arterial injury (n=13). Older age was significantly associated with occurrence of CVAs. A significant decrease in the technical complication rate from 16.3% to 6.1% (P<0.001) was observed in procedures performed after January 2002.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stent placement for coarctation of aorta is an effective treatment option, though it remains a technically challenging procedure. Technical and aortic complications have decreased over the past 3 years due to, in part, improvement in balloon and stent design. Improvement in our ability to assess aortic wall compliance is essential prior to placement of ISs in older patients with coarctation of the aorta.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA. tforbes@dmc.org
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: Swati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garekar
authors.forename: Zahid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: Evan M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Zahn
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nykanen
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Shakeel A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cheatham
authors.forename: Makram R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ebeid
authors.forename: Ziyad M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Hijazi
authors.forename: Satinder
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sandhu
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hagler
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sievert
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Fagan
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ringewald
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Liwen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Wax
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: Troy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Thomas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Carlos A C
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pedra
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Hellenbrand
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000401:mortality; D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D001027:Aortography; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012008:Recurrence; D012107:Research Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology