title: Low organisational justice and heavy drinking: a prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether low perceived organisational injustice predicts heavy drinking among employees.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a prospective occupational cohort study, the 10-Town Study, on 15 290 Finnish public sector local government employees nested in 2432 work units, were used. Non-drinkers were excluded. Procedural, interactional and total organisational justice, heavy drinking (>/=210 g of absolute alcohol per week) and other psychosocial factors were determined by means of questionnaire in 2000-2001 (phase 1) and 2004 (phase 2). Multilevel logistic regression analyses taking into account the hierarchical structure of the data were conducted and adjustments were made for sex, age, socio-economic status, marital status, baseline heavy drinking, psychological distress and other psychosocial risk factors such as job strain and effort/reward imbalance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustments, participants who reported low procedural justice at phase 1 were approximately 1.2 times more likely to be heavy drinkers at phase 2 compared with their counterparts reporting high justice. Low perceived justice in interpersonal treatment and low perceived total organisational justice were associated with increased prevalence of heavy drinking only in the model adjusted for sociodemographics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first longitudinal study to show that low procedural justice is weakly associated with an increased likelihood of heavy drinking.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Work, Health & Organisations, University of Nottingham, Nottingham Science and Technology Park, University Boulevard, Nottingham NG7 2RQ, UK. anne.kouvonen@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kouvonen
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kivimäki
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elovainio
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Väänänen
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Vogli
authors.forename: Tarja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heponiemi
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linna
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pentti
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vahtera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001290:Attitude; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D004651:Employment / Q000941:ethics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006077:Government Agencies / Q000941:ethics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D009111:Local Government; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016134:Organizational Policy; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012923:Social Class; D012935:Social Justice; D012938:Social Perception; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology; D016526:Workload; D017132:Workplace