title: Safety study of high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with chronic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a potential therapeutic tool to rehabilitate chronic stroke patients. In this study, the safety of high-frequency rTMS in stroke was investigated (Phase I).
  
  
  METHODS
  The safety of 20 and 25 Hz rTMS over the motor cortex (MC) of the affected hemisphere, with intensities of 110-130% of the motor threshold (MT), was evaluated using surface electromyography (EMG) of hand and arm muscles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Brief EMG bursts, possibly representing peripheral manifestations of after discharges, and spread of excitation to proximal muscles are considered to be associated with a high risk of seizure occurrence. These events were recorded after the rTMS trains. Neither increased MC excitability nor improved pinch force dynamometry was found after rTMS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stimulation parameters for rTMS, which are safe for healthy volunteers, may lead to a higher risk for seizure occurrence in chronic stroke patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  rTMS at rates of 20 and 25 Hz using above threshold stimulation potentially increases the risk of seizures in patients with chronic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, NIH Building 10, Room 5N240, 10 Center Dr MSC 1428, Bethesda, MD 20892-1428, USA. lomarevm@ninds.nih.gov
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lomarev
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S Pirio
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Voller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004576:Electromyography; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects*