title: Electrical stimulation for faecal incontinence in adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Faecal incontinence is a particularly embarrassing and distressing condition with significant medical, social and economic implications. Electrical stimulation has been used with apparent success in the treatment of faecal incontinence. However, standards of treatment are still lacking and the magnitude of alleged benefits has yet to be established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of electrical stimulation for the treatment of faecal incontinence in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Trials Register (searched 13 March 2007) and reference lists of potentially eligible articles.
  
  
  METHODS
  All randomised or quasi-randomised trials evaluating electrical stimulation in adults with faecal incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two reviewers assessed the methodological quality of potentially eligible trials and independently extracted data from the included trials. A wide range of outcome measures were considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four eligible trials with 260 participants were identified. Findings from one trial suggest that electrical stimulation with anal biofeedback and exercises provides more short-term benefits than vaginal biofeedback and exercises for women with obstetric-related faecal incontinence. Another study found contradictory results, with no added benefit from electrical stimulation over biofeedback and exercises alone. Although all trials report that patient's symptoms are generally improved, it is not clear that this is the effect of electrical stimulation. No further conclusions could be drawn from the data available.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At present, there are insufficient data to allow reliable conclusions to be drawn on the effects of electrical stimulation in the management of faecal incontinence. There is a suggestion that electrical stimulation may have a therapeutic effect, but this is not certain. Larger, more generalisable trials are needed.
authors.affiliation: St Mary's Hospital, Warrell Unit, Hathersage Road, Manchester, UK M13 OJH. Gordon.Hosker@CMMC.nhs.uk
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hosker
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cody
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Norton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic