title: Inhibition of fouling by marine bacteria immobilised in kappa-carrageenan beads.
abstract: Antifouling solutions that leave little or no impact in the world's oceans are constantly being sought. This study employed the immobilisation of the antifouling bacterium Pseudoalteromonas tunicata in kappa-carrageenan to demonstrate how a surface may be protected from fouling by bacteria, i.e. a 'living paint'. Attempts so far to produce a 'living paint' have been limited in both longevity of effectiveness and demonstration of applicability, most noticeably regarding the lack of any field data. Here survival of bacteria immobilised in kappa-carrageenan for 12 months in the laboratory is demonstrated and evidence presented for inhibition of fouling for up to 7 weeks in the field (Sydney Harbour, NSW, Australia).
authors.affiliation: Centre for Marine Biofouling and Bio-Innovation, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. L.Yee@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: Lachlan H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holmström
authors.forename: Evi T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Fuary
authors.forename: Nigel C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Lewin
authors.forename: Staffan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kjelleberg
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Steinberg
mesh_terms: D002351:Carrageenan; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000502:physiology*; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006358:Hot Temperature; D050296:Microbial Viability; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010150:Paint; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D031161:Pseudoalteromonas / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002351:Carrageenan