Prevention of ischemic stroke: overview of traditional risk factors.
Stroke prevails as a common and devastating disease. Epidemiological studies have advanced our understanding of stroke risk factors and clinical trials have demonstrated effective interventions to decrease stroke risk by modifying risk factors. Stroke risk factors are classified as traditional and novel and may be further divided into modifiable and non-modifiable. In this review we discuss select traditional risk factors for ischemic stroke, interventions for primary and secondary prevention and areas of research progress. Stroke treatment should be comprehensive, involving patient, community and medical personnel education, evaluation of individual risk factors and overall stroke risk assessment. Ongoing research is exploring further interventions in the management of traditional risk factors. Future research will expand our knowledge about the contribution of genetic factors to stroke, their interaction with environmental factors and open exciting avenues for the development of new therapies.
Romero
José Rafael
JR
Department of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. joromero@bmc.org
D000367:Age Factors; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010375:Pedigree; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D020521:Stroke / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*
D000925:Anticoagulants; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents