title: Assessing vaccine efficacy for the prevention of acute otitis media by pneumococcal vaccination in children: a methodological overview of statistical practice in randomized controlled clinical trials.
abstract: Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common bacterial infectious disease among children. Vaccination is proposed to prevent otitis and several clinical trials were performed to assess the efficacy of pneumococcal vaccines. The way vaccine efficacy is analysed varies among trials. However, the clinical meaning of an estimate of vaccine effect and its statistical test depends on the applied statistical method. We aim to bring the meaning and validity of statistical trial results to the attention of researchers. We consider all methodological approaches for analysing vaccine efficacy applied in pneumococcal vaccination trials included in a recent Cochrane Review. We demonstrate how different methods address different scientific questions on the effect of vaccination, how they can complement each other and why some methods can produce misleading results.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University of Mainz, 55101 Mainz, Germany. jahn@imbei.uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jahn-Eimermacher
authors.forename: Jean-Baptist
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: du Prel
authors.forename: Heinz-Josef
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schmitt
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012107:Research Design
chemical_list: D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines