title: BTat, a trans-acting regulatory protein, contributes to bovine immunodeficiency virus-induced apoptosis.
abstract: Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) is a member of the lentivirus subfamily of retroviruses highly related to human immunodeficiency virus in morphologic, antigenic and genomic features. BIV is known to induce chronic pathological changes in infected hosts, which are often associated with the development of immune-mediated lesions. However, the molecular events underlying the cytopathic effect of BIV remain poorly understood. In this study, BIV was found to induce apoptotic cell death, and a small trans-acting regulatory protein encoded by BIV, BTat, was found to participate in the pro-apoptotic action of BIV. Introduction of exogenous BTat to cells triggered apoptosis dramatically, as revealed by assays such as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling, nuclear morphology analysis, flow cytometry, and cleavages of caspases and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase. Interestingly, the pro-apoptotic effect of BTat was found to be mediated through its interaction with cellular microtubules and its interference with microtubule dynamics. These results provide the first evidence that induction of apoptosis may contribute to the cytopathic effect of BIV. In addition, these results uncover a novel role for BTat in regulating microtubule dynamics in addition to its conventional role in regulating gene transcription.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics (Tianjin), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Chenghao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guoyuan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qimin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yunqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Geng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016087:Immunodeficiency Virus, Bovine / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008870:Microtubules / Q000502:physiology; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015696:Gene Products, tat; D014404:Tubulin; D014764:Viral Proteins; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D020169:Caspases