title: Therapeutic integration of c-myc and bcl-2 antisense molecules with docetaxel in a preclinical model of hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The response of hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) to chemotherapy remains modest, necessitating the search for new forms of treatment to improve the prognosis. Since an increased expression of oncogenes, including c-myc and bcl-2, accompanies the transition to HRPC, we evaluated whether the concomitant downregulation of these oncogenes by antisense strategy sensitized HRPC to chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  PC-3 prostate cancer cells were exposed in vitro to c-myc (INX-6295) and bcl-2 (G3139) antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) and docetaxel given alone or in combination. Therapeutic efficacy of the different treatments was also evaluated in xenografts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show that the triple combination of drugs given in the sequence G3139/docetaxel/INX-6295 was the most active in reducing the survival of PC-3. Likewise, the combination triggered apoptosis in more than 80% of cells. A marked tumor weight inhibition was observed in PC-3 xenografts after G3139/docetaxel/INX-6295 treatment, with a complete tumor regression being noted in half the mice. A 111% overall increase in life survival and a complete cure in two out of eight mice was also reported. This treatment remained effective even when started at a very late stage of tumor growth producing about 80% tumor weight inhibition (TWI), with tumor regression being maintained for 1 month. Finally, the antitumor effect resulted in a significant increase (70%) in mice survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that the combined targeting of genes involved in uncontrolled proliferation and evasion of apoptosis renders HRPC responsive to chemotherapy making this treatment a promising antineoplastic strategy.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leonetti
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biroccio
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.forename: Sean C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Semple
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scarsella
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zupi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D000077143:Docetaxel; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C521520:INX 6295; C489427:MYC protein, human; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D043823:Taxoids; D013873:Thionucleotides; D000077143:Docetaxel; C408162:oblimersen