title: The effect of mineral trioxide aggregate on phagocytic activity and production of reactive oxygen, nitrogen species and arginase activity by M1 and M2 macrophages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the influence of co-culture with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on phagocytosis and the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and nitrogen (NO) species and the arginase activity by M1 and M2 peritoneal macrophages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cellular viability, adherence and phagocytosis of Saccharomyces boulardii were assayed in the presence of MTA. Macrophages were stimulated with zymosan for ROI assays and with Fusobacterium nucleatum and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and IFN-gamma for NO production and arginase activity, when in contact with capillaries containing MTA. Data were analysed by T, anova, Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  M2 macrophages displayed greater cellular viability in polypropylene tubes, greater ability to ingest yeast and smaller production of ROI and higher arginase activity when compared with M1 macrophages. Both macrophages, M1 and M2, presented similar cell adherence and NO production. The addition of bacterial preparations to macrophages interfered with NO and arginase productions. MTA did not interfere with any of the parameters measured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phagocytosis and the ability of the two macrophage subtypes to eliminate microbes were not affected by MTA.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Dentística Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: T M B
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Rezende
authors.forename: L Q
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Mendes
authors.forename: M L R
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ribeiro Sobrinho
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001119:Arginase / Q000187:drug effects; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000032:analysis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D001119:Arginase