title: Elimination of sevoflurane is reduced in plasma-tight compared to conventional membrane oxygenators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been demonstrated that volatile anaesthetics have cardioprotective properties during open-heart procedures, especially when administered continuously. European Council Directive 93/42/EEC concerning medical devices bans the supplementary incorporation of anaesthetic vaporizers in the bypass circuit. Since the uptake of volatile anaesthetics via diffusion membrane oxygenators is severely reduced, it is hypothesized that clinically relevant concentrations of sevoflurane will remain in the patients' blood following saturation with a volatile agent before start of cardiopulmonary bypass. This study was designed to compare conventional and diffusion membrane oxygenators regarding their in vivo elimination of sevoflurane.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients undergoing elective coronary bypass surgery were randomly allocated to two groups, either using a conventional polypropylene membrane oxygenator or a plasma-tight poly-(4-methyl-1-pentene) membrane oxygenator in a miniaturized extracorporeal circuit. Anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane, which was stopped at the start of cardiopulmonary bypass. During cardiopulmonary bypass, sevoflurane concentration was measured in blood and in the exhausted gas from the oxygenator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The elimination of sevoflurane, expressed as the relative blood concentration, was significantly increased in polypropylene membrane oxygenators compared to poly-(4-methyl-1-pentene) membrane oxygenators. This resulted in an approximately threefold higher sevoflurane blood concentration in the poly-(4-methyl-1-pentene) group over the course of cardiopulmonary bypass.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the incorporation of a poly-(4-methyl-1-pentene) oxygenator in a miniaturized bypass circuit, relevant concentrations of a previously applied volatile agent can be maintained even without further supply throughout cardiopulmonary bypass. This might be an alternative approach to cardioprotection when sevoflurane cannot be administered through cardiopulmonary bypass.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee, Regensburg, Germany. christopher.prasser@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prasser
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zelenka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Philipp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keyser
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiesenack
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000097:blood*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004058:Diffusion; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D004867:Equipment Design; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010107:Oxygenators, Membrane; D011090:Polyenes; D011126:Polypropylenes; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D011090:Polyenes; D011126:Polypropylenes; C087577:poly(4-methyl-1-pentene); D000077149:Sevoflurane