title: Multiple Amplatzer septal occluder devices for multiple atrial communications: immediate and long-term follow-up results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report on the feasibility, effectiveness, and long-term outcome of transcatheter closure of multiple ASD's using multiple ASO devices.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the use and long-term outcome of multiple Amplatzer Septal Occluder (ASO) devices to close multiple atrial septal defects (ASD's).
  
  
  METHODS
  From May 1997 to June 2006, 33 patients (mean age 38.9 years and mean weight 68 kg) underwent transcatheter closure of multiple ASD's under transesophageal (TEE) or intracardiac echocardiographic (ICE) guidance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unless not available, the device size chosen to be deployed was +/-2 mm larger than the stretched diameter or no more than 30-40% larger than the ICE/TEE 2D diameter. Sixty-seven devices were deployed in 33 patients. The mean diameters of the larger and smaller defects were 12.9 and 7.7 mm, and the corresponding mean balloon stretched diameters were 19.2 and 12.0 mm, respectively. The mean larger and smaller device diameters were 19.0 and 13.4 mm, respectively. The mean QP: Qs ratio was 1.8:1. The mean fluoroscopy time, and procedure time were 16.4 and 81.6 min respectively. Immediately after the procedure 15 patients had complete closure, 8 had trivial shunt, 9 had small shunt and one had large shunt. Complications included a device embolization within 24 hr and left atrial-aortic wall erosion and pericardial effusion at 2 years. The mean follow-up interval was 34.8+25.7 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Device closure of multiple ASD's using multiple ASO's is safe and effective. Continued follow-up is important to assess the long-term outcome.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Sawsan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Awad
authors.forename: Francisco F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Garay
authors.forename: Qi-Ling
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Ziyad M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Hijazi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001027:Aortography; D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010690:Phlebography; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*