Immune suppression in renal cell carcinoma.
The clear evidence that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with anti-tumor activity exist in situ raises the question why renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) progress in vivo. A complex array of factors and pathways has been identified that impinges on innate and adaptive effector cells thereby inhibiting their activity against RCCs. The current picture of suppressive mechanisms that contribute to the failure of the immune system to control RCCs is reviewed here. Understanding these complex host-tumor interactions has broad implications for successful application of cytokine therapy and other forms of immunotherapy for RCC.
Frankenberger
Bernhard
B
Institute of Molecular Immunology, GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
Noessner
Elfriede
E
Schendel
Dolores J
DJ
D000818:Animals; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology*