title: Comparison of different pointing methods for sound localizability measurement in the vision impaired subjects.
abstract: In order to find out the most suitable and accurate pointing methods to study the sound localizability of persons with visual impairment, we compared the accuracy of three different pointing methods for indicating the direction of sound sources in a semi-anechoic dark room. Six subjects with visual impairment (two totally blind and four with low vision) participated in this experiment. The three pointing methods employed were (1) directing the face, (2) directing the body trunk on a revolving chair and (3) indicating a tactile cue placed horizontally in front of the subject. Seven sound emitters were arranged in a semicircle 2.0 m from the subject, 0 degrees to +/-80 degrees of the subject's midline, at a height of 1.2 m. The accuracy of the pointing methods was evaluated by measuring the deviation between the angle of the target sound source and that of the subject's response. The result was that all methods indicated that as the angle of the sound source increased from midline, the accuracy decreased. The deviations recorded toward the left and the right of midline were symmetrical. In the whole frontal area (-80 degrees to +80 degrees from midline), both the tactile cue and the body trunk methods were more accurate than the face-pointing method. There was no significant difference in the center (-40 degrees to +40 degrees from midline). In the periphery (-80 degrees and +80 degrees ), the tactile cue pointing method was the most accurate of all and the body trunk method was the next best. These results suggest that the most suitable pointing methods to study the sound localizability of the frontal azimuth for subjects who are visually impaired are the tactile cue and the body trunk methods because of their higher accuracy in the periphery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Welfare System and Health Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Suja-shi, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsunori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Yudai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohsugi
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Takabun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tauchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001766:Blindness; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000294:innervation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D009949:Orientation; D013017:Sound Localization / Q000502:physiology*; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*