title: Protein kinase C-betaII represses hepatocyte growth factor-induced invasion by preventing the association of adapter protein Gab1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in melanoma cells.
abstract: The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling pathway was examined in human normal melanocytes and three malignant melanoma cell lines. HGF-induced activation of c-Met, its receptor-tyrosine kinase, was observed in both melanocytes and melanoma cells, whereas phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), a downstream target of c-Met, was not activated in the melanocytes but enhanced in the melanoma cell lines. The electrophoretic mobility of Gab1, the scaffolding adapter protein that couples activated c-Met and PI3K, was slower in the melanocytes than that in the melanoma cells, and the mobility shifted to that of the melanoma cells after treatment with alkaline phosphatase, indicating that Gab1 is highly phosphorylated on serine and threonine in the melanocytes. Introduction of protein kinase C (PKC)-betaII into the melanoma cells, which is expressed in melanocytes but absent in melanoma cells, resulted in serine and threonine phosphorylation of Gab1 and also prevented tyrosine phosphorylation of Gab1 and its association with PI3K. Furthermore, the introduction of PKC-betaII suppressed HGF-induced activation of PI3K, and attenuated the in vitro invasion activity of the melanoma cells. These results indicate that the HGF signaling process from Gab1 to PI3K is negatively regulated by PKC-betaII, and its loss is critical for melanoma cells to gain invasive potential.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan. oka@med.kobe-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Ushio
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kikkawa
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nishigori
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000502:physiology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology*; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C098587:GAB1 protein, human; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases