title: EEG characteristics related to educational impairments in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Learning and behavioral difficulties often occur in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS). In recent years, several electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics have been related to the occurrence of learning and behavioral problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 28 children medical, school and psychological reports were present and children were rated according to a 4-point scale for educational and behavioral impairment (Part 1). Thirty 24-h EEG recordings were reanalyzed for spike frequency, the presence of atypical EEG criteria, and the presence of a nondipole spike. EEGs were scored during wakefulness, first hour of sleep and whole night sleep (minus the first hour of sleep) separately (Part 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of I: an intermittent slow-wave focus during wakefulness, II: a high number of spikes in the first hour of sleep (and during whole night sleep), and III: multiple asynchronous bilateral spike-wave foci in the first hour of sleep correlates significantly with a sum score > or = 3 which indicates a complicated course with educational or behavioral impairment. It is sufficient to analyze an EEG during wakefulness and a sleep EEG for only the first hour of sleep instead of a whole night recording to demonstrate those EEG criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On basis of our reanalysis we can possibly conclude that the aforementioned EEG characteristics correlate with educational impairments, and that analysing an EEG recording during wake and the first hour of sleep is sufficient to look adequately for those EEG criteria in children with BCECTS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands. jnic@sneu.azm.nl
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nicolai
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van der Linden
authors.forename: Johan B A M
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Arends
authors.forename: Saskia G M
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: van Mil
authors.forename: Jacobiene W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Johan S H
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Vles
authors.forename: Albert P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Aldenkamp
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019305:Epilepsy, Rolandic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D014477:Underachievement; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology