title: Bumetanide administration attenuated traumatic brain injury through IL-1 overexpression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of administration of bumetanide, a specific NKCC1 inhibitor, on traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced interleukin-1 (IL-1) expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  TBI model was induced by the calibrated weight drop device (450 g in weight, 2.0 m in height) in adult rats based on procedures previously reported. One hundred and sixty Wistar rats were divided into sham-control group and experimental group for time course works of TBI. The expression of IL-1beta brain edema and neuronal damage were determined in these animals after TBI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that both mRNA and protein of IL-1beta were up-regulated in the hippocampus 3-24 hours after TBI. Animals displayed severe brain edema and neuron damage after TBI. Bumetanide (15 mg/kg), a specific Na(+) -K(+) -2Cl(-) cotransporter inhibitor, significantly attenuated the TBI-induced neuronal damage by IL-1beta overexpression. The present study suggests that administration of bumetanide could significantly decreased TBI-induced inflammatory response and neuronal damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kwok-Tung
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Chang-Yen
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hao-Han
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Jeng-Hsiung F
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Chi-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yi-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002034:Bumetanide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D002034:Bumetanide