Critical care sedation for neuroscience patients.
In 2000, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) introduced the mandate for the implementation of standards for both pain assessment and need for therapy in hospitalized patients. The need for the appropriate titration of sedation and analgesia is particularly poignant in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting where iatrogenic discomfort often complicates patient management. Neurologically ill patients in ICUs present particularly complex sedation issues, owing to the need to monitor these patients with serial neurological exams. Hence, maximal comfort without diminishing neurological responsiveness is desirable. Here, we review the frequently applied methods of evaluating levels of pain and agitation in critically ill patients as well as discuss the appropriate classes of pharmaceutical agents common to this population, with particular emphasis on the potential neurophysiological impact of such therapy.
Mirski
Marek A
MA
Neurosciences Critical Care Unit/Neuroanesthesiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. mmirski@jhmi.edu
Hemstreet
Mitzi K
MK
D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003422:Critical Care; D003693:Delirium / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology
D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives