title: Molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium isolates from mainland China.
abstract: Little is known about vancomycin-resistant enterococci in China. Thirteen pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-confirmed heterogeneous VanA-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) isolates were obtained from five Chinese hospitals from 2001 to 2005. The isolates were typed by multilocus sequence typing into nine different sequence types (STs), including five new STs (ST18, ST25, ST78, ST203, ST320, ST321, ST322, ST323, and ST335). Vancomycin resistance in each isolate was encoded on conjugative plasmids; two of the plasmids, pZB18 (67 kbp) and pZB22 (200 kbp), were highly conjugative and were able to transfer at high frequencies of around 10(-4) and 10(-7) per donor cell in broth mating, respectively. None of the plasmids identified in these isolates carried traA, which is usually conserved in the pMG1-like highly conjugative plasmid for E. faecium, implying that pZB18 and pZB22 were novel types of a highly conjugative plasmid in enterococci. Thirteen Tn1546-like elements encoding VanA-type VRE on the conjugative plasmids were classified into six types (types I to VI), and most of them contained both IS1216V and IS1542 insertions. The isolates carrying the type II element were predominant. The six type elements were different from that of a VanA-type Enterococcus faecalis strain isolated from Chinese chicken meat. The results suggested that the disseminations of VRE in these areas were by Tn1546-like elements being acquired by the conjugative plasmids and transferred among E. faecium strains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology and Bacterial Infection Control, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Haruyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Yong Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yasuyoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ike
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003227:Conjugation, Genetic; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D016984:Enterococcus faecium / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D005838:Genotype; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D020713:Vancomycin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial