title: Main morbidities recorded in the women's international study of long duration oestrogen after menopause (WISDOM): a randomised controlled trial of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the long term risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy (combined hormone therapy versus placebo, and oestrogen alone versus combined hormone therapy).
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentre, randomised, placebo controlled, double blind trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  General practices in UK (384), Australia (91), and New Zealand (24).
  
  
  METHODS
  Postmenopausal women aged 50-69 years at randomisation. At early closure of the trial, 56,583 had been screened, 8980 entered run-in, and 5692 (26% of target of 22,300) started treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oestrogen only therapy (conjugated equine oestrogens 0.625 mg orally daily) or combined hormone therapy (conjugated equine oestrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate 2.5/5.0 mg orally daily). Ten years of treatment planned.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  major cardiovascular disease, osteoporotic fractures, and breast cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  other cancers, death from all causes, venous thromboembolism, cerebrovascular disease, dementia, and quality of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The trial was prematurely closed during recruitment, after a median follow-up of 11.9 months (interquartile range 7.1-19.6, total 6498 women years) in those enrolled, after the publication of early results from the women's health initiative study. The mean age of randomised women was 62.8 (SD 4.8) years. When combined hormone therapy (n=2196) was compared with placebo (n=2189), there was a significant increase in the number of major cardiovascular events (7 v 0, P=0.016) and venous thromboembolisms (22 v 3, hazard ratio 7.36 (95% CI 2.20 to 24.60)). There were no statistically significant differences in numbers of breast or other cancers (22 v 25, hazard ratio 0.88 (0.49 to 1.56)), cerebrovascular events (14 v 19, 0.73 (0.37 to 1.46)), fractures (40 v 58, 0.69 (0.46 to 1.03)), and overall deaths (8 v 5, 1.60 (0.52 to 4.89)). Comparison of combined hormone therapy (n=815) versus oestrogen therapy (n=826) outcomes revealed no significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hormone replacement therapy increases cardiovascular and thromboembolic risk when started many years after the menopause. The results are consistent with the findings of the women's health initiative study and secondary prevention studies. Research is needed to assess the long term risks and benefits of starting hormone replacement therapy near the menopause, when the effect may be different.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN 63718836.
authors.affiliation: MRC General Practice Research Framework, Stephenson House, London NW1 2ND.
authors.forename: Madge R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Vickers
authors.forename: Alastair H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: MacLennan
authors.forename: Beverley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lawton
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Jeannett
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Sarah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Meredith
authors.forename: Bianca L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: DeStavola
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dowell
authors.forename: Helen C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wilkes
authors.forename: Janet H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Darbyshire
authors.forename: Tom W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Meade
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D017698:Postmenopause; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome