title: Radiation protocols determine acute graft-versus-host disease incidence after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in murine models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Effects of radiation sources used for total body irradiation (TBI) on Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD) induction were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mouse model, single fraction TBI was performed with different radiation devices ((60)Cobalt; (137)Cesium; 6 MV linear accelerator), dose rates (0.85; 1.5; 2.9; 5 Gy/min) and total doses before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Recipients were observed for 120 days. Different tissues were examined histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute GvHD was induced by a dose rate of 0.85 Gy/min ((60)Cobalt) and a total dose of 9 Gy and injection of 5 x 10(5) lymph node cells plus 5 x 10(6) bone marrow cells. Similar results were obtained using 6 MV linear accelerator- (linac-) photons with a dose rate of 1.5 Gy/min and 0.85 Gy/min, a total dose of 9.5 Gy and injection of same cell numbers. TBI with (137)Cesium (dose rate: 2.5 Gy/min) did not lead reproducibly to lethal acute GvHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Experimental TBI in murine models may induce different immunological responses, depending on total energy, total single dose and dose rate. GvHD might also be induced by TBI with low dose rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany. sschwart@tbrc.mgh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwarte
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bremer
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fruehauf
authors.forename: Yanina
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sorge
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Skubich
authors.forename: Matthias W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D015994:Incidence; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000009:adverse effects; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*