title: Minimally invasive spine surgery: a historical perspective.
abstract: Minimally invasive spine surgery has gained considerable momentum and increased acceptance among spine surgeons throughout the years. An understanding and awareness of the development of minimally invasive spine surgery and its role in the operative treatment of various spine conditions is imperative. This article provides a succinct historical perspective of the development of spine surgery from the more traditional, open procedures to the use of more "minimal access" or minimally invasive spine surgery procedures.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Division, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 12138-3722, USA. dsamartzis@msn.com
authors.forename: Dino
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Samartzis
authors.forename: Francis H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Mick J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Perez-Cruet
authors.forename: D Greg
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000266:history / Q000295:instrumentation; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation; D013131:Spine / Q000601:surgery*