title: Clinical evaluation of the FloTrac/Vigileo system and two established continuous cardiac output monitoring devices in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Assessment of cardiac output (CO) by the FloTrac/Vigileo system may offer a less invasive means of determining the CO than either the pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) or the PiCCOplus system. The aim of this study was to compare CO measurements made using the FloTrac/Vigileo system with upgraded software (FCO, Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine CA, USA), the PiCCOplus system (PCO, Pulsion Medical Systems, Munich, Germany) and continuous CO monitoring using a PAC (CCO; Vigilance monitoring, Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine CA, USA) with intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution (ICO). The study was conducted in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one patients with preserved left ventricular function were enrolled. CCO, FCO, and PCO were recorded in the perioperative period at six predefined time points after achieving stable haemodynamic conditions; ICO was determined from the mean of three bolus injections. Bland-Altman analysis was used to compare CCO, FCO, and PCO with ICO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bland-Altman analysis revealed a comparable mean bias and limits of agreement for all tested continuous CO monitoring devices using ICO as reference method. Agreement for all devices decreased in the postoperative period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The performance of the FloTrac/Vigileo system, the PiCCOplus, and the Vigilance CCO monitoring for CO measurement were comparable when tested against intermittent thermodilution in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Triemli City Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Button
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weibel
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Reuthebuch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Genoni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zollinger
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Hofer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D002302:Cardiac Output; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013815:Thermodilution