title: Capillary column switching restricted-access media-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry system for simultaneous and direct analysis of drugs in biofluids.
abstract: Capillary online restricted-access media-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (RAM-LC-ESI-MS/MS) for direct analysis of drugs and metabolites spiked in biological fluids was developed. Using a column switching setup it was possible to perform effective sample preparation and analysis of raw biological fluids (plasma and urine) without matrix effects in the electrospray mass spectrometric detection step. The peak focusing efficiency of the extraction column was more effective in backflush compared to foreflush mode. The system was able to concentrate diminished samples of polar drugs and their metabolites reaching quantifiable results as low as 1 ng/mL utilizing a sample volume of only 333 nL of biofluids. New column hardware was developed to circumvent clogging problems experienced with plasma injections. The glass fiber filter frit, which is commonly used, was replaced with a short piece of 20 microm i.d. fused silica capillary. The extraction columns were able to handle up to 60 injections and showed a high loading capacity, making the saturation of the MS detector the limiting factor on the linear dynamic range. The simultaneous separation and detection of 10 drugs and metabolites was obtained in 8 min of analysis, including the online sample preparation and enrichment step.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 599, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Alvaro J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Santos-Neto
authors.forename: Karin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Markides
authors.forename: Per J R
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sjöberg
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergquist
authors.forename: Fernando M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Lancas
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations