title: Gender differences among general practitioners in smoking cessation counseling practices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe gender differences in smoking cessation counseling practices among general practitioners (GPs), and to investigate the association between training for cessation counseling and counseling practices according to gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected in two cross-sectional mail surveys conducted in independent random samples of GPs in Montreal, the first in 1998, and the second in 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respondents included 653 GPs (71% of 916 eligible). All indicators of smoking cessation counseling practices were more favorable among female GPs. Higher proportions of female GPs had received training (28% vs. 17%, p=0.002), and were aware of mailed print educational materials related to cessation counseling (81% vs. 57%, p<0.0001). Training among male GPs was associated with higher scores for ascertainment of smoking status (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval)=1.69 (0.97, 2.96)), provision of advice (OR=2.20 (1.23, 3.95)), and provision of adjunct support (OR=2.86 (1.58, 5.16)). Training was not associated with counseling practices among female GPs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female GPs may not benefit from formal cessation counseling training to the same extent as male GPs, possibly because they read and integrate the content of (easily available) print educational materials into their clinical practice to a greater extent than male GPs. The gender-specific impact of print educational material and formal training on cessation counseling should be evaluated among GPs.
authors.affiliation: CR-CHUM and Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. jennifer.oloughlin@umontreal.ca
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Loughlin
authors.forename: Héla
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makni
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Karp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003376:Counseling; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010821:Physicians, Family; D011792:Quebec; D012737:Sex Factors; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*