title: Five-year neurodevelopmental outcome of neonatal dehydration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the long-term outcome of neonatal dehydration.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 182 newborns who were rehospitalized with dehydration (weight loss > or =12% of birth weight and/or serum sodium > or =150 mEq/L) and 419 randomly selected controls from a cohort of 106,627 term and near-term infants with birth weight > or =2000 g born between 1995 and 1998 in northern California Kaiser Permanente hospitals. Outcomes data were obtained from electronic records, interviews, questionnaire responses, and neurodevelopmental evaluations performed in a masked fashion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up data to age at least 2 years were available for 173 of 182 children with a history of dehydration (95%) and 372 of 419 controls (89%) and included formal evaluation at a mean age (+/-standard deviation) of 5.1 +/- 0.12 years for 106 children (58%) and 168 children (40%), respectively. None of the cases developed shock, gangrene, or respiratory failure. Neither crude nor adjusted scores on cognitive tests differed significantly between groups. There was no significant difference between groups in the proportion of children with abnormal neurologic examinations or neurologic diagnoses. Frequencies of parental concerns and reported behavior problems also were not significantly different in the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neonatal dehydration in this managed care setting was not associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants born at or near term.
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, Perinatal Research Unit, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Oakland, CA 94612, USA. gabriel.escobar@kp.org
authors.forename: Gabriel J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Escobar
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liljestrand
authors.forename: Esther S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Hudes
authors.forename: Donna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ferriero
authors.forename: Yvonne W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Rita J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Jeremy
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003681:Dehydration / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index