title: Simultaneous analysis of six amphetamines and analogues in hair, blood and urine by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Application to the determination of MDMA after low ecstasy intake.
abstract: A rapid and sensitive method using LC-MS/MS triple stage quadrupole for the determination of traces of amphetamine (AP), methamphetamine (MA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy"), 3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine (MDEA), and N-methyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butanamine (MBDB) in hair, blood and urine has been developed and validated. Chromatography was carried out on an Uptisphere ODB C(18) 5 microm, 2.1 mm x 150 mm column (Interchim, France) with a gradient of acetonitrile and formate 2 mM pH 3.0 buffer. Urine and blood were extracted with Toxitube A (Varian, France). Segmented scalp hair was treated by incubation 15 min at 80 degrees C in NaOH 1M before liquid-liquid extraction with hexane/ethyl acetate (2/1, v/v). The limits of quantification (LOQ) in blood and urine were at 0.1 ng/mL for all analytes. In hair, LOQ was <5 pg/mg for MA, MDMA, MDEA and MBDB, at 14.7 pg/mg for AP and 15.7 pg/mg for MDA. Calibration curves were linear in the range 0.1-50 ng/mL in blood and urine; in the range 5-500 pg/mg for MA, MDMA, MDEA and MBDB, and 20-500 pg/mg for AP and MDA. Inter-day precisions were <13% for all analytes in all matrices. Accuracy was <20% in blood and urine at 1 and 50 ng/mL and <10% in hair at 20 and 250 pg/mg. This method was applied to the determination of MDMA in a forensic case of single administration of ecstasy to a 16-year-old female without her knowledge during a party. She suffered from hyperactivity, sweating and agitation. A first sample of urine was collected a few hours after (T+12h) and tested positive to amphetamines by immunoassay by a clinical laboratory. Blood and urine were sampled for forensic purposes at day 8 (D+8) and scalp hair at day 60 (D+60). No MDMA was detected in blood, but urine and hair were tested positive, respectively at 0.42 ng/mL and at 22 pg/mg in hair only in the segment corresponding to the period of the offence, while no MDA was detectable. This method allows the detection of MDMA up to 8 days in urine after single intake.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire TOXLAB, Paris, France. toxlab@wanadoo.fr <toxlab@wanadoo.fr>
authors.forename: Marjorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chèze
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deveaux
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lhermitte
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pépin
mesh_terms: D015104:3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D000293:Adolescent; D000662:Amphetamines / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005260:Female; D053593:Forensic Toxicology / Q000379:methods; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D006213:Hallucinogens; C051570:N-methyl-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-butanamine; D015104:3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine; C051800:3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine