title: Functional invalidation of the autotaxin gene by a single amino acid mutation in mouse is lethal.
abstract: Autotaxin is a member of the phosphodiesterase family of enzymes, (NPP2). It is an important secreted protein found in conditioned medium from adipocytes. It also has a putative role in the metastatic process. Based on these observation, further validation of this potential target was necessary, apart from the classical biochemical ones. The construction of a knock out mouse strain for ATX was started. In this paper, we report the generation of a mouse line displaying an inactivated ATX gene product. The KO line was designed in order to generate a functional inactivation of the protein. In this respect, the threonine residue T210 was replaced by an alanine (T210A) leading to a catalytically inactive enzyme. If the experimental work was straight forward, we disappointedly discovered at the final stage that the breeding of heterozygous animals, ATX -/+, led to the generation of a Mendelian repartition of wild-type and heterozygous, but no homozygous were found, strongly suggesting that the ATX deletion is lethal at an early stage of the development. This was confirmed by statistical analysis. Although other reported the same lethality for attempted ATX-/- mice generation [van Meeteren, L.A., Ruurs, P., Stortelers, C., Bouwman, P., van Rooijen, M.A., Pradère, J.P., Pettit, T.R., Wakelam, M.J.O., Saulnier-Blache, J.S., Mummery, C.L., Moolenar, W.H. and Jonkers, J. (2006) Autotaxin, a secreted lysophospholipase D, is essential for blood vessel formation during development, Mol. Cell. Biol. 26, 5015-5022; Tanaka, M., Okudaira, S., Kishi, Y., Ohkawa, R., Isei, S., Ota, M., Noji, S., Yatomi, Y., Aoki, J., and Arai, H. (2006) Autotaxin stabilizes blood vessels and is required for embryonic vasculature by producing lysophosphatidic acid, J. Biol. Chem. 281, 25822-25830], they used more drastic multiple exon deletions in the ATX gene, while we chose a single point mutation. To our knowledge, the present work is the first showing such a lethality in any gene after a point mutation in an enzyme catalytic site.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferry
authors.forename: Adeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giganti
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cogé
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bertaux
authors.forename: Kader
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thiam
authors.forename: Jean A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Boutin
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D005804:Genes, Lethal / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D043264:Phosphodiesterase I / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099189:Lysophospholipase D
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D050505:Mutant Proteins; D043264:Phosphodiesterase I; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D011755:Pyrophosphatases; D000099189:Lysophospholipase D