title: Prospective study of bone marrow infiltration in aggressive lymphoma by three independent methods: whole-body MRI, PET/CT and bone marrow biopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Initial lymphoma staging requires bone marrow assessment in aggressive lymphomas. Bone marrow lymphoma infiltration is routinely assessed by bone marrow biopsy (BMB), considered as the "gold standard". The aim of this study was to compare the performance of BMB, whole-body MRI and PET/CT for evaluation of BM infiltration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with newly diagnosed aggressive lymphoma were evaluated by BMB, MRI and PET/CT. Two radiologists, two nuclear medicine physicians and one pathologist independently assessed the results of the three modalities. Bone was considered as involved if BM was positive or if PET/CT or MRI was positive and if there was a resolution of the abnormal image shown on PET/CT or MRI halfway or at the end of therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both MRI and PET/CT detected bone marrow lesions in the 9/43 patients, but two patients with multiple lesions had more lesions detected by PET/CT compared to MRI. Among these nine patients, two with an iliac crest lesion detected by both MRI and PET/CT had bone marrow involvement with large-cell lymphoma on histological examination. The other seven patients had focal MRI and PET/CT lesions in areas other than the iliac crest, where the blind BMB was done. The other patients had bone marrow without large-cell lymphoma involvement. In all cases, after lymphoma therapy bone marrow involvement regressed on histological examination, PET and MRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary results suggest that non-invasive morphological procedures could be superior to BMB for bone marrow assessment in aggressive lymphomas. Ongoing study is underway to validate these results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. ribrag@igr.fr
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ribrag
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vanel
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leboulleux
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lumbroso
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Couanet
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonniaud
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aupérin
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bosq
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Edeline
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fermé
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pigneur
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schlumberger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001706:Biopsy; D019046:Bone Marrow Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014750:Vincristine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051598:Whole Body Imaging
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D014750:Vincristine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011241:Prednisone