title: Anti-C1q antibodies in pregnant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study anti-C1q antibodies in pregnant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to evaluate their prognostic significance for the occurrence of disease flares or pregnancy complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one pregnancies in 19 SLE patients prospectively followed were analyzed. Disease activity was evaluated on the basis of the physician's intention to treat and a modified version of the ECLAM index. Anti-C1q and anti-dsDNA antibodies were detected in the sera by an ELISA assay. Antinuclear antibodies, anti-ENA antibodies, anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulant were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all the patients the disease was inactive at the beginning of the pregnancy. Four flares of disease activity were observed in 4 pregnancies (19%) and obstetric complications were encountered in 7 pregnancies (43%). Anti-C1q antibodies were positive in 4 (19%) pregnancies and anti-dsDNA antibodies in 8 (38%). The presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies at the first assessment was correlated with the occurrence of obstetric complications (p<0.05). The presence of anti-C1q and anti-dsDNA antibodies at the first assessment had no prognostic significance for the occurrence of flares or obstetric complications during the course of pregnancy. Although the small number of patients studied did not allow for statistically significant analysis, flares appeared to be more likely to occur in patients presenting with anti-dsDNA or anti-C1q antibodies during pregnancy compared to patients with no changes in these antibody titers (43% vs 8% respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of anti-C1q and anti-dsDNA antibodies does not seem to be prognostic for the occurrence of flares during pregnancy. Further studies are warranted to explore this possibility.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy. marta.mosca@int.med.unipi.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mosca
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Strigini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doria
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pratesi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iaccarino
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chimenti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carmignani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cecchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zampieri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghirardello
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Migliorini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bombardieri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000097:blood*; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D015922:Complement C1q / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D001323:Autoantibodies; D015922:Complement C1q