Coordinating TLR-activated signaling pathways in cells of the immune system.
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling leads to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathways. While the upstream signaling events initiated at the level of adaptors and the activation of the downstream signaling pathways have received a lot of attention, our understanding of how these signaling pathways are coordinated to regulate gene expression is poorly understood. This review gives a selective overview on our current understanding of signaling downstream of TLRs, with an emphasis on how the upstream kinases like the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (TAK1 and Tpl2) and inhibitor of kappa-B kinase (IKK) coordinate the signaling events that steer the course of an immune response.
Banerjee
Ashish
A
Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. banerjee@wehi.edu.au
Gerondakis
Steve
S
D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D007107:Immune System / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*
D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase