title: New POMT2 mutations causing congenital muscular dystrophy: identification of a founder mutation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dystroglycanopathies are a group of congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) with autosomal recessive inheritance, often associated with CNS and ocular involvement. They are characterized by the abnormal glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan, and caused by mutations in at least six genes encoding enzymes: FKTN, POMGNT1, POMT1, POMT2, FKRP, and LARGE. POMT2 mutations have recently been identified in Walker-Warburg syndrome and in a milder muscle-eye-brain disease-like form.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied mentally retarded patients with CMD, analyzed POMT2 by sequencing the coding regions, and also performed a haplotype analysis in all patients and their family members carrying the new POMT2 mutation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report three novel POMT2 mutations. One of these, p.Tyr666Cys, was homozygous in two unrelated patients and in a compound heterozygous state in others. All patients showed severe diffuse muscle weakness, microcephaly, severe mental retardation, and marked lordoscoliosis with hyperextended head. Elevated CK levels, cerebral cortical atrophy, and cerebellar vermis hypoplasia were constant findings. Mild cardiac abnormalities, focal white matter abnormalities, or partial corpus callosum hypoplasia were detected in single cases. Eye involvement was absent or mild. By genotype analysis, we defined a distinct 170kb haplotype encompassing POMT2 and shared by all the subjects harboring the mutation p.Tyr666Cys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results broaden the clinical spectrum associated with POMT2 mutations, which should be considered in patients with CMD associated with microcephaly, and severe mental retardation with or without ocular involvement.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U582, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bouchet
authors.forename: P Y K
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Van den Bergh
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cuisset
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Viollet
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leturcq
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quijano-Roy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fardeau
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seta
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guicheney
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D049030:Dystroglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018703:Founder Effect; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008364:Mannosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D008831:Microcephaly / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009136:Muscular Dystrophies / Q000151:congenital* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D049030:Dystroglycans; D008364:Mannosyltransferases; C082696:protein O-mannosyltransferase