title: Effect of oral CDP-choline on visual function in young amblyopic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect on visual function of orally administered CDP-choline in addition to patching for the treatment of amblyopia in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an open label parallel group study comparing patching plus oral CDP-choline with patching alone. Sixty-one participants (aged between 5 and 10 years) suffering from anisometropic or strabismic amblyopia were divided at random into two groups: Group A, 800 or 1,200 mg (according to the body weight) of orally administered CDP-choline and 2-h patching a day; Group B, 2-h patching a day. Both groups were treated for 30 consecutive days. A follow-up visit was set 60 days after the treatment was discontinued. The main outcome measure was the change in visual acuity of amblyopic eyes as measured by Snellen's E charts. The secondary outcome measures were changes in the visual acuity of amblyopic eye as measured by isolated letters (Snellen's E) and changes in the contrast sensitivity of amblyopic eyes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The addition of CDP-choline to patching therapy was not found to be more effective than patching alone after 30-day treatment. The present results showed that adding CDP-choline to patching stabilised the effects obtained during the treatment period. In fact, whereas the participants treated only with patching showed a decrease in visual acuity at 90 days, these receiving CDP-choline and patching combined appeared to maintain the results obtained (two-way ANOVA: P = 0.0042). Similar results were obtained when measuring visual acuity by isolated Snellen's E letters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In amblyopic patients, CDP-choline combined with patching contributes to obtaining more stable effects than patching alone.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Service, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fresina
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dickmann
authors.forename: Annabella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salerni
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Gregorio
authors.forename: Emilio C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Campos
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003566:Cytidine Diphosphate Choline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012683:Sensory Deprivation; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003566:Cytidine Diphosphate Choline