title: Role of nitric oxide in the coupling of myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary vascular dynamics during pregnancy in the dog.
abstract: We examined the ability of cardiac endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to couple myocardial oxygen consumption (MVo(2)) and oxygen delivery during pregnancy. Awake dogs were studied using echocardiography before and at 40 days, 50 days, and 60 days (60D) of pregnancy and at approximately 14 days postpartum. Left ventricular eNOS, phosphorylated eNOS, and copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD or SOD-1) were determined by immunoblotting. MVO(2) of left ventricular tissue samples was measured in vitro in response to increasing doses of bradykinin, enalapril maleate, and amlodipine. We examined the changes in passive diameter and flow-dependant arteriolar dilation of coronary arterioles. Echocardiography indicated increases in cardiac output ( approximately 60%) during pregnancy. Myocardial eNOS (21 +/- 4%), phosphorylated eNOS (19 +/- 3%), and SOD-1 (61 +/- 2.7%) protein levels were significantly increased at 60D. Bradykinin, enalapril maleate, and amlodipine (10(-4) mol/l) decreased MVO(2) in a nitric oxide-dependant manner (by 24 +/- 1.3% in controls and 34 +/- 2.2% at 60D; by 21 +/- 1.1% in controls and 29 +/- 1.1 at 60D; and by 22 +/- 2.5% in controls and 26 +/- 1.0% at 60D, respectively). Arterioles from pregnant dogs showed increased flow-dependant dilation in response to increased shear stress and larger passive diameter. Nitrite production was stimulated by bradykinin and carbachol in microvessels in vitro; pregnancy enhanced nitrite release. Myocardial eNOS, phosphorylated eNOS, and SOD-1 protein expression are increased during pregnancy, and this increase is associated with enhanced nitric oxide-dependant control of MVO(2). Thus increases in eNOS and SOD-1 promote the coupling of oxygen delivery and efficiency in the heart during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Tibisay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rincon-Skinner
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zipping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Suhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Hintze
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000378:metabolism; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004452:Echocardiography; D004656:Enalapril / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000378:metabolism*; D012107:Research Design; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D017311:Amlodipine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D004656:Enalapril; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; D000109:Acetylcholine; D001920:Bradykinin; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester