title: Leukoencephalopathy associated with dialysis disequilibrium syndrome.
abstract: Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) is usually seen in severely uremic patients who are dialyzed aggressively. DDS mostly appeared within 24 hours after hemodialysis (HD) and may last for a few hours. This diagnosis is made by the exclusion of other causes including metabolic and intracranial events and has been recognized for more than 40 years. Few reports described the cerebral radiographic features associated with DDS. We present an 83-year-old uremic patient experiencing DDS at initial HD. DDS-related cerebral radiographic manifestations reported in the literature are reviewed, along with a discussion of the role of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of DDS.
authors.affiliation: Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital--Kaohsiung Medical Center and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Kao-Tai
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Chih-Hsiung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yu-Chang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Terry Ting-Yu
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: Chung-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Chien-Te
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: I-Kuan
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu-Fan
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Cheng-Hsien
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Chien-Chun
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Feng-Rong
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Chuang
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology*; D013577:Syndrome; D014839:Vomiting / Q000209:etiology*