title: Predictive factors for pain experienced at office fluid minihysteroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fluid minihysteroscopy is in most cases a painless procedure. However, rarely, severe pain and side effects are reported. The goal of this study was to identify predictive factors of pain at minihysteroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred thirty-three women undergoing fluid minihysteroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnostic fluid minihysteroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The women were asked to score pain perception on a visual analog scale from zero (no pain) to 5 (unbearable pain). Correlation between pain at procedure and parity, previous cesarean section (PCS), menopausal status, anxiety, and chronic pelvic pain (CPP) was evaluated. Four hundred thirteen women (78%) reported no pain or discomfort (0-1 pain score, group A), while 120 (22%) experienced mild to unbearable pain (2-5 pain score, group B). Instances of PCS, CPP, anxiety, and menopause were significantly lower in group A than in group B (4% vs 82%, 0% vs 29%, 62% vs 72%, 25% vs 72%, respectively), whereas menopausal status was less frequent in group A (25.2%) than in group B (72.5%). At binary logistic regression, all the variables were independent risk factors for pain; however, when CPP was stratified for intensity, no correlation between pain at procedure and intensity of CPP was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous cesarean section, CPP, anxiety, and menopause are predictive factors for pain perception during fluid minihysteroscopy, and history of CPP even of low intensity is predictive of pain at hysteroscopy. These patients may benefit from local anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Fourth Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy. cicinelli@gynecology1.uniba.it
authors.forename: Ettore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cicinelli
authors.forename: A Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marinaccio
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matteo
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saliani
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tinelli
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D044364:Vaginal Douching / Q000009:adverse effects