title: Lower back pain in physically demanding college academic programs: a questionnaire based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lower back pain (LBP) is ranked first as a cause of disability and inability to work, and is expected to affect up to 90% of the worlds population at some point in their lifetime. The annual first time incidence of LBP is 5%, and the annual prevalence (i.e. those suffering at time of questioning) is between 15 and 63%. Prospective studies demonstrate that low back problems do not display a six-week spontaneous recovery pattern, as was once believed. The condition is regularly seen to worsen over time, becoming a chronic disorder, influenced by both physical and psychosocial factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current study assessed the level of LBP amongst students engaged in educational programs that were physically demanding, and its influence on lower back problems. A 1-year retrospective questionnaire consisting of 37 closed, open and multi-choice questions was designed to ascertain self-reported information on the occurrence, cause and type of LBP. Treatment, care seeking and general knowledge regarding LBP were also recorded. Students were enrolled in BSc Equine Science, BSc Physical Education and BSc Sports & Exercise Science degree programs and a total number of 188 valid questionnaires were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The self reported, anthropometrical data for participants in this study are: age 20.9 +/- 2.7 yrs; height 171.8 +/- 9.3 cm; weight 66.7 +/- 10.4 kg; female 64% (n = 120), male 36% (n = 68). The overall self reported prevalence of LBP was 32% (n = 61). Within the LBP population, 77% reported their problem as recurring. Two factors showed significance as having an influence on LBP. They were age (21.6 +/- 3.5 yrs, p = 0.005) and hours of personal training physical activity (14.0 +/- 8.2 hrs per week, p = 0.02). LBP sufferers also displayed poor management of their condition and an interest in education and treatment of their problem.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study revealed high prevalence of LBP consistent with that of the literature, and unveiled a recurrence rate and behavioral habits of sufferers, which are warning signs of a more chronic state to come. Novel data presented here offers strong support for the need for prospective injury tracking, plus educational intervention and treatment aimed at prevention of LBP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland. graham.brennan@ul.ie <graham.brennan@ul.ie>
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shafat
authors.forename: Ciarán
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mac Donncha
authors.forename: Carmel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vekins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000193:education*; D000886:Anthropometry; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D005082:Physical Exertion; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013177:Sports / Q000193:education*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data