title: Exploring the effects of music therapy on pediatric pain: phase 1.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of music therapy on pain and anxiety in pediatric burn patients during nursing procedures. Nine subjects were randomly selected to participate in this study. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected on the patients' pain, anxiety, heart rate, blood oxygenation, and engagement level through measurement tools and interviews. The results from the qualitative and quantitative data indicated that music therapy reduced pain, anxiety, and behavioral distress. The quantitative data were analyzed and an inverse relationship between engagement in music therapy and lower behavioral distress scores was noted. Additionally, a linear relationship between engagement and behavioral distress was noted; significance was found but was moderated by the age of the child. However, no significant relationship was found between heart rate and behavioral distress. The results from the qualitative data from the interviews with the patients, parents, nurses and music therapist indicated that music therapy reduced pain and anxiety, and that engagement in music therapy enhanced relaxation. In addition, music therapy positively affected patients' mood, compliance, and the relaxation level. Finally, parents/guardians and nurses involved in the study reported that music therapy helped them to feel more relaxed as well.
authors.affiliation: Shrines Burns Hospital-Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Annette M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Whitehead-Pleaux
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zebrowski
authors.forename: Mary Jo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Baryza
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sheridan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D002053:Burn Units; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome