title: [The effect of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy on endometrial bleeding].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the effect of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (exclusively oestrogen or sequential/continuous combined oestrogen-progestogen treatment) on endometrial bleeding, including the histological alteration of the endometrium.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2000 to December 2005, 5893 women were treated by the authors in the menopause unit of their department. They examined the frequency of menopausal bleeding in treated and control groups. In case of bleeding, dilatation and fractional curettage was always carried out and the tissues were histologically evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In menopausal patients who did not obtain hormone replacement therapy, bleeding occurred twice as frequently as in the treated group. Proliferating or hyperplastic endometrium was observed mainly among the treated patients, suggesting that in due time, even before the age of menopause, hormonal treatment might decrease hyperplasia and indirectly the chance of occurrence of adenocarcinoma. Hyperplasia was found more frequently in patients obtaining only oestrogen. According to the authors' view, unbalanced oestrogen treatment might further aggravate the existing hyperplasia of the endometrium. In the group treated with hormonal therapy, only simplex hyperplasia was observed. No case of complex hyperplasia with atypia was found among these patients. In the majority of patients on continuous balanced hormonal therapy, the myometrium underwent atrophy and the frequency of hyperplasia, including the chance of bleeding, mostly decreased. Endometrial polyps most frequently were found under hormonal therapy, but no acceptable explanation can be provided. The rate of cervical polyps was also higher in this group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the observations of the authors, hormone replacement therapy does not increase the risk of endometrial carcinoma. Combined preparations decrease the frequency of hyperplasia and consequently the chance of occurrence of adenocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis Egyetem, Altalános Orvostudományi Kar, I. Szülészeti és Nogyógyászati Klinika, Budapest. magyar@noil.sote.hu
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Magyar
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Csapó
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Papp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004714:Endometrial Hyperplasia / Q000517:prevention & control; D004967:Estrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011127:Polyps / Q000517:prevention & control; D017698:Postmenopause; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D011374:Progesterone