title: Characterization of a phosphodiesterase capable of hydrolyzing EA 2192, the most toxic degradation product of the nerve agent VX.
abstract: Glycerophosphodiesterase (GpdQ) from Enterobacter aerogenes is a nonspecific diesterase that enables Escherichia coli to utilize alkyl phosphodiesters, such as diethyl phosphate, as the sole phosphorus source. The catalytic properties of GpdQ were determined, and the best substrate found was bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate with a kcat/Km value of 6.7 x 10(3) M-1 s-1. In addition, the E. aerogenes diesterase was tested as a catalyst for the hydrolysis of a series of phosphonate monoesters which are the hydrolysis products of the highly toxic organophosphonate nerve agents sarin, soman, GF, VX, and rVX. Among the phosphonate monoesters tested, the hydrolysis product of rVX, isobutyl methyl phosphonate, was the best substrate with a kcat/Km value of 33 M-1 s-1. The ability of GpdQ to hydrolyze the phosphonate monoesters provides an alternative selection strategy in the search of enhanced variants of the bacterial phosphotriesterase (PTE) for the hydrolysis of organophosphonate nerve agents. This investigation demonstrated that the previously reported activity of GpdQ toward the hydrolysis of methyl demeton-S is due to the presence of a diester contaminant in the commercial material. Furthermore, it was shown that GpdQ is capable of hydrolyzing a close analogue of EA 2192, the most toxic and persistent degradation product of the nerve agent VX.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 30012, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, USA.
authors.forename: Eman
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ghanem
authors.forename: Yingchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chengfu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Raushel
mesh_terms: D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004222:Disulfoton / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D021902:Enterobacter aerogenes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D007700:Kinetics; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009154:Mutation; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010261:Paraoxon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D044345:Phosphoric Triester Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D004222:Disulfoton; D009596:Nitrophenols; D010755:Organophosphates; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D010261:Paraoxon; D010636:Phenols; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D044345:Phosphoric Triester Hydrolases; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C002887:bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate; C009680:VX-agent; C026086:methyl demeton; C038133:glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase