title: Prevalence of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction in patients referred to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sphincter of Oddi manometry is the gold-standard method for sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. The prevalence of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction among patients referred to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is largely unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate prospectively the prevalence of biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (B-SOD) among Brazilian patients referred to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and to study the safety of sphincter of Oddi manometry in this setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biliary sphincter of Oddi manometry was intended in 110 patients referred to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The number of attempts to obtain deep cannulation with the manometry catheter was recorded and patients were divided into two groups: up to 5 (easy cannulation) and >5 attempts (difficult cannulation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sphincter of Oddi manometry was successful in 71/110 patients (64.5%). Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction was found in 18/71 patients (25%). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography findings were: normal in 16, biliary stones in 39, malignant biliary strictures in 9 and benign biliary strictures in 7. There was no statistical difference in sphincter of Oddi dysfunction prevalence regarding disease, gender or difficulty of cannulation. Only 2/71 patients developed post-procedure mild pancreatitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have found a high prevalence of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction in patients referred to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Gender, nature of disease or difficulty of cannulation did not influence the prevalence of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction among these patients. Sphincter of Oddi manometry is a safe procedure for the evaluation of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction in patients referred to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Gastroenterology, São Paulo Federal University, Escola Paulista de Medicina - UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
authors.forename: Ermelindo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Della Libera
authors.forename: Rodrigo Azevedo
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Ana Paula Rodrigues
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: Gustavo Andrade de
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Paulo
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geocze
authors.forename: Angelo Paulo
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D003137:Common Bile Duct Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D009803:Sphincter of Oddi / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric