title: Prevalence and independent risk factors for hearing loss in NICU infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and independent relationship between hearing loss and risk factors in a representative neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) hearing screening has been introduced since 1998 in the Dutch NICUs. After a second AABR failure, diagnostic ABR was used to establish diagnosis of hearing loss. Newborns who died before the age of 3 months were excluded. In the present study only the NICU infants who were born with a gestational age <30 weeks and/or a birth weight <1000 g between October 1, 1998 and January 1, 2002 were included. Risk factors included in the study were familial hearing loss, in utero infections, craniofacial anomalies, birth weight <1500 g, hyperbilirubinemia, ototoxic medications, cerebral complications, severe birth asphyxia, assisted ventilation > or =5 days and syndromes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A nationwide cohort of 2186 newborns were included. Mean gestational age was 28.5 weeks (SD 1.6) and mean birth weight was 1039 g (SD 256). Prevalence of uni- or bilateral hearing loss was 3.2% (71/2186; 95% CI 2.6-4.1). Multivariate analysis revealed that the only independent risk factors for hearing loss were severe birth asphyxia (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.0-2.7) and assisted ventilation > or =5 days (OR 3.6; 95% CI 2.1-6.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of hearing loss in a representative NICU population was 3.2%. Independent risk factors for hearing loss were severe birth asphyxia and assisted ventilation > or =5 days.
authors.affiliation: TNO Quality of Life, Business unit Prevention and Health, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Elysée T M
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Hille
authors.forename: Hlm Irma
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: van Straaten
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Verkerk
mesh_terms: D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000150:complications; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; D005865:Gestational Age; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors