Enhancement of immune response of HBsAg loaded poly (L-lactic acid) microspheres against hepatitis B through incorporation of alum and chitosan.
OBJECTIVE
Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLA) microparticles encapsulating Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with alum and chitosan were investigated for their potential as a vaccine delivery system.


METHODS
The microparticles, prepared using a water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double emulsion solvent evaporation method with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or chitosan as the external phase stabilising agent showed a significant increase in the encapsulation efficiency of the antigen.


RESULTS
PLA-Alum and PLA-chitosan microparticles induced HBsAg serum specific IgG antibody responses significantly higher than PLA only microparticles and free antigen following subcutaneous administration. Chitosan not only imparted a positive charge to the surface of the microparticles but was also able to increase the serum specific IgG antibody responses significantly.


CONCLUSIONS
The cytokine assays showed that the serum IgG antibody response induced is different according to the formulation, indicated by the differential levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). The microparticles eliciting the highest IgG antibody response did not necessarily elicit the highest levels of the cytokines IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-gamma.
Pandit
Sreenivas
S
Centre for Drug Delivery Research, School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, UK.
Cevher
Erdal
E
Zariwala
Mohammed Gulrez
MG
Somavarapu
Satyanarayana
S
Alpar
H Oya
HO
D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002214:Capsules; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000276:immunology*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008863:Microspheres; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D002214:Capsules; D016207:Cytokines; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide); D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; D048271:Chitosan