title: A comparison of the platinum analogues in bladder cancer cell lines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxaliplatin is a 3rd generation platinum analogue, which is active in a broad spectrum of tumours. Clinical trials using this drug in bladder cancer are underway, but not yet reported. There are currently no in vitro data regarding oxaliplatin in bladder cancer. Therefore, this study compares the efficacy of oxaliplatin with cisplatin and carboplatin, which are both used widely in this tumour type, in bladder cancer cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  The efficacy of oxaliplatin, carboplatin and cisplatin were compared in 4 bladder cancer cell lines (5637, J82, HT1197 and 253J). Cell parameters including cell number, viability and apoptosis were assessed after 3 days of drug exposure. The effects of the drugs on the cell cycle were also observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall cisplatin was the most potent at inducing cell death (IC(50) 11.5-70.6 microM). Oxaliplatin was the 2nd most potent drug (IC(50 )15.2-126.3 microM) and carboplatin the least effective (IC(50 )75.4-137.8 microM). Carboplatin was significantly less potent at inducing cell death than the other two drugs in all 4 cell lines. Carboplatin was also inferior at inducing apoptosis in 3 of the 4 cell lines. All three drugs had a similar effect on the cell cycle, causing an initial G2 block.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that oxaliplatin is a potent agent in bladder cancer cell lines and is superior to carboplatin in this in vitro setting. It justifies the clinical studies using oxaliplatin that are underway.
authors.affiliation: Barry Reed Oncology Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK. tompowles@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Powles
authors.forename: Jacky
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shamash
authors.forename: Wai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joel
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D016190:Carboplatin; D002945:Cisplatin