title: Fast, efficient and reproducible genetic transformation of Phaseolus spp. by Agrobacterium rhizogenes.
abstract: This transformation procedure generates, with high efficiency (70-90%), hairy roots in cultivars, landraces and accessions of Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) and other Phaseolus spp. Hairy roots rapidly develop after wounding young plantlets with Agrobacterium rhizogenes, at the cotyledon node, and keeping the plants in high-humidity conditions. Callogenesis always precedes hairy-root formation, and after 15 days, when roots develop at wounded sites, the stem with the normal root is cleaved below the hairy root zone. Transgenic roots and nodules co-transformed with a binary vector can be easily identified using a reporter gene. This procedure, in addition to inducing robust transgenic hairy roots that are susceptible to being nodulated by rhizobia and to fixing nitrogen efficiently, sets the foundation for a high-throughput functional genomics approach on the study of root biology and root-microbe interactions. This protocol can be completed within 30 days.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, CP 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Estrada-Navarrete
authors.forename: Xochitl
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Alvarado-Affantranger
authors.forename: Juan-Elías
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Olivares
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guillén
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Díaz-Camino
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quinto
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Gresshoff
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sanchez
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000382:microbiology; D005502:Food; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D027805:Phaseolus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012231:Rhizobium / Q000235:genetics*; D014169:Transformation, Bacterial