title: Human pathogenic Borrelia spielmanii sp. nov. resists complement-mediated killing by direct binding of immune regulators factor H and factor H-like protein 1.
abstract: Borrelia spielmanii sp. nov. has recently been shown to be a novel human pathogenic genospecies that causes Lyme disease in Europe. In order to elucidate the immune evasion mechanisms of B. spielmanii, we compared the abilities of isolates obtained from Lyme disease patients and tick isolate PC-Eq17 to escape from complement-mediated bacteriolysis. Using a growth inhibition assay, we show that four B. spielmanii isolates, including PC-Eq17, are serum resistant, whereas a single isolate, PMew, was more sensitive to complement-mediated lysis. All isolates activated complement in vitro, as demonstrated by covalent attachment of C3 fragments; however, deposition of the later activation products C6 and C5b-9 was restricted to the moderately serum-resistant isolate PMew and the serum-sensitive B. garinii isolate G1. Furthermore, serum adsorption experiments revealed that all B. spielmanii isolates acquired the host alternative pathway regulators factor H and factor H-like protein (FHL-1) from human serum. Both complement regulators retained their factor I-mediated C3b inactivation activities when bound to spirochetes. In addition, two distinct factor H and FHL-1 binding proteins, BsCRASP-1 and BsCRASP-2, were identified, which we estimated to be approximately 23 to 25 kDa in mass. A further factor H binding protein, BsCRASP-3, was found exclusively in the tick isolate, PC-Eq17. This is the first report describing an immune evasion mechanism utilized by B. spielmanii sp. nov., and it demonstrates the capture of human immune regulators to resist complement-mediated killing.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herzberger
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Skerka
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fingerle
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schulte-Spechtel
authors.forename: Alje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Dam
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wilske
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brade
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Zipfel
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wallich
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kraiczy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001770:Blood Bactericidal Activity; D001898:Borrelia / Q000276:immunology*; D003167:Complement Activation / Q000276:immunology; D003179:Complement C3b / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D003180:Complement C3b Inactivator Proteins; D017242:Complement Factor H / Q000378:metabolism*; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008193:Lyme Disease / Q000276:immunology*; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011485:Protein Binding; D013987:Ticks / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; C517621:CFHR1 protein, human; D003180:Complement C3b Inactivator Proteins; D003179:Complement C3b; D017242:Complement Factor H; D003165:Complement System Proteins