title: Leptin and coronary heart disease risk: prospective case control study of British women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prospective studies have shown a positive association between leptin concentrations and coronary heart disease (CHD) in men, but its effect in women is unclear. Our objective was to examine the association of serum leptin levels with CHD in a prospective study of women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective (4 year) case (N=165) control (N=335) study nested within a cohort of 4286 British women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With mutual adjustment for each other and age, social class, smoking, and physical activity, leptin was positively associated with BMI, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, and hypertension and was inversely associated with homeostasis model assessment insulin sensitivity. Leptin was not associated with CHD risk (age-adjusted relative risk for a doubling of leptin: 1.08 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91, 1.29]). This changed little with adjustment for childhood and adult social class, smoking, alcohol, and physical activity but attenuated to 1.00 (95% CI: 0.80, 1.26) with further adjustment for other metabolic risk factors (waist-to-hip ratio, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, fasting insulin, hypertension).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no strong statistical evidence that leptin is associated with CHD risk in this study population of older British women. Further research is needed to compare associations of leptin with CHD in men and women and to determine whether the effect varies by gender.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK. d.a.lawlor@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: Debbie A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lawlor
authors.forename: George Davey
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sattar
authors.forename: Shah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebrahim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015444:Exercise; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012923:Social Class; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin