title: Motor representation areas in epileptic patients with focal motor seizures: a TMS study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study used TMS mapping to investigate the motor representation of the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles in a group of patients with focal epilepsy originating in central or pre-central region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight epileptic patients and eight control subjects participated in the study. The coil was moved in 1.5-cm steps along a grid drawn on the subject's skull over the motor cortex of both hemispheres. At each site, six APB motor responses (evoked by TMS at 1.2 times the resting motor threshold) were recorded and averaged. The peak-to-peak amplitude was measured and plotted against the mediolateral and anteroposterior coil positions. The area of each APB muscle representation was measured and the position of the optimal point was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The resting motor threshold was increased bilaterally in epileptic patients. The maps were distorted in most patients (but not in control subjects), as evidenced by an off-centre optimal point. Interhemispheric differences in APB map areas were greater in patients than in control subjects. However, whether these increases in map area were on the epileptic side or on healthy side depended on the given subject.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The changes in APB representation observed in epileptic patients demonstrate that reorganization occurs within the motor cortex. The heterogeneity of the present results is probably related to different locations of the epileptogenic and/or lesional areas and to a variety of compensatory phenomena that may occur, notably with respect to the disease duration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, EA 2683, R. Salengro Hospital, Lille University Medical Centre, F-59037 Lille, France. etienne.labyt@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Labyt
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Houdayer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cassim
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bourriez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Derambure
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Devanne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D020938:Epilepsy, Partial, Motor / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants