title: Evaluating the SOS suicide prevention program: a replication and extension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Suicide is a leading cause of death for children and youth in the United States. Although school based programs have been the principal vehicle for youth suicide prevention efforts for over two decades, few have been systematically evaluated. This study examined the effectiveness of the Signs of Suicide (SOS) prevention program in reducing suicidal behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  4133 students in 9 high schools in Columbus, Georgia, western Massachusetts, and Hartford, Connecticut were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups during the 2001-02 and 2002-03 school years. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by students in both groups approximately 3 months after program implementation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly lower rates of suicide attempts and greater knowledge and more adaptive attitudes about depression and suicide were observed among students in the intervention group. Students' race/ethnicity, grade, and gender did not alter the impact of the intervention on any of the outcomes assessed in this analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has confirmed preliminary analysis of Year 1 data with a larger and more racially and socio-economically diverse sample. SOS continues to be the only universal school-based suicide prevention program to demonstrate significant effects of self-reported suicide attempts in a study utilizing a randomized experimental design. Moreover, the beneficial effects of SOS were observed among high school-aged youth from diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds, highlighting the program's utility as a universal prevention program.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov NCT000387855.
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Sciences and Community Health, University of Connecticut Health Center and Institute for Public Health Research, University of Connecticut, East Hartford, Connecticut 06108, USA. aseltine@uchc.edu
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Aseltine
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glanovsky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016497:Adolescent Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D003237:Connecticut; D003863:Depression / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005845:Georgia; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012572:School Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000092864:Suicide Prevention