title: Performance of a panel of maternal serum markers in predicting preeclampsia at 11-15 weeks' gestation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated whether a discriminant model of prediction based on quantitative distribution of a panel of biomolecules in maternal serum can discriminate normal pregnancies from those who will develop preeclampsia (PE) prior to onset of clinical symptoms at 11-15 weeks' gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case control study encompassing 56 women destined to develop PE cases matched 1:3 for gestational age with 168 controls. After multiple of median (MoM) conversion of all available markers, comprising total Activin A (t-activin A), P-selectin, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) the combined likelihood ratios generated for each marker were used to calculate, for each patient enrolled in the study, the odds of being affected given a positive results (OAPR) of developing PE. For all the analyses performed, the type II error was < 20% with a type I error fixed at 5%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were expressed in MoM of controls. P-selectin was identified as the marker with the best discriminant ability between controls and PE, followed by (t-activin A). No significant differences in VEGFR were observed between cases and controls. By using a 3% prevalence of PE (or, about 1:33) we found that the median OAPR of developing PE for the 56 cases was 1:9 or 10% (1:1-1:417). The median OAPR of PE for controls was 1:40 or 2.5% (range, 1:6-1:4205). Detection rate of the statistical model, with a 5% false-positive rate was 59%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This analysis revealed that maternal serum markers assessed at the first and second trimester of pregnancy in asymptomatic patients can improve the early detection of cases at higher risk of developing PE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Embryology Division of Prenatal Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Banzola
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Concu
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sekizawa
authors.forename: Yuditiya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Purwosunu
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Strada
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arcelli
authors.forename: Giuliana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simonazzi
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caramelli
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rizzo
mesh_terms: D028341:Activins / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019007:P-Selectin; D028341:Activins; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor