title: A new class of bioactive and biodegradable soybean-based bone fillers.
abstract: The reconstruction of large bone defects in periodontal, maxillofacial, and orthopedic surgery relies on the implantation of biomaterials able to support the growth of new tissue. None of the materials currently available is able to combine all the properties required, which are (i) easy handling, (ii) biodegradation, (iii) low immunogenicity, and more importantly, (iv) induction of tissue regeneration. A new class of biodegradable biomaterials has been obtained by simple thermosetting of defatted soybean curd. The final material can be processed into films, porous scaffolds, and granules for different surgical needs. When incubated in physiological solutions the material shows water uptake of 80%, elongation at break of 0.9 mm/mm, and 25% (w/w) degradation in 7 days. Soybean-based biomaterial granules are shown to reduce the activity of the monocytes/macrophages and of the osteoclasts and to induce osteoblast differentiation in vitro, thus demonstrating a bone regeneration potential suitable for many clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Cockcroft Building, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom. m.santin@brighton.ac.uk
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santin
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Standen
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nicolais
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ambrosio
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase