title: HIV protease inhibitors block the zinc metalloproteinase ZMPSTE24 and lead to an accumulation of prelamin A in cells.
abstract: HIV protease inhibitors (HIV-PIs) target the HIV aspartyl protease, which cleaves the HIV gag-pol polyprotein into shorter proteins required for the production of new virions. HIV-PIs are a cornerstone of treatment for HIV but have been associated with lipodystrophy and other side effects. In both human and mouse fibroblasts, we show that HIV-PIs caused an accumulation of prelamin A. The prelamin A in HIV-PI-treated fibroblasts migrated more rapidly than nonfarnesylated prelamin A, comigrating with the farnesylated form of prelamin A that accumulates in ZMPSTE24-deficient fibroblasts. The accumulation of farnesyl-prelamin A in response to HIV-PI treatment was exaggerated in fibroblasts heterozygous for Zmpste24 deficiency. HIV-PIs inhibited the endoproteolytic processing of a GFP-prelamin A fusion protein. The HIV-PIs did not affect the farnesylation of HDJ-2, nor did they inhibit protein farnesyltransferase in vitro. HIV-PIs also did not inhibit the activities of the isoprenyl-cysteine carboxyl methyltransferase ICMT or the prenylprotein endoprotease RCE1 in vitro, but they did inhibit ZMPSTE24 (IC(50): lopinavir, 18.4 +/- 4.6 microM; tipranavir, 1.2 +/- 0.4 microM). We conclude that the HIV-PIs inhibit ZMPSTE24, leading to an accumulation of farnesyl-prelamin A. The inhibition of ZMPSTE24 by HIV-PIs could play a role in the side effects of these drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. coffinie@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coffinier
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hudon
authors.forename: Emily A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Farber
authors.forename: Sandy Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hrycyna
authors.forename: Stephen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Loren G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Fong
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D034904:Lamin Type A; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D034904:Lamin Type A; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; C090764:prelamin A; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C120130:ZMPSTE24 protein, human