title: Morphological and spectroscopic measurements of plastic bags for the purpose of discrimination.
abstract: The discrimination of noncolored transparent polyethylene bags was studied by several nondestructive and semidestructive analytical methods. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and optical microscopy (differential interference contrast microscopy and phase contrast microscopy) were applied to polyethylene films. X-ray diffraction was used to distinguish variations in the crystalline phase, infrared spectroscopy was used to distinguish variations in the molecular components, and optical microscopy was used to distinguish the different surface morphologies. The results show that X-ray diffraction classifies the crystalline phase of the film depending on whether it is made from low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, or high-density polyethylene; that infrared spectroscopy is useful to distinguish the molecular components and it is the most discriminating technique; and that optical microscopy discriminate films easily by their morphological differences.
authors.affiliation: Forensic Science Laboratory of Hyogo Prefecture Police HQ, 5-4-1 Shimoyamate-dori Kobe, Hyogo Pref., Japan. takashihashimoto@hkg.odn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Howitt
authors.forename: Donald P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Land
authors.forename: Frederic A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Tulleners
authors.forename: Faye A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.forename: Shunlin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang