The effect of repeated administration of cyclophosphamide on cytochrome P450 2B in rats.
OBJECTIVE
The prodrug cyclophosphamide (CPA) is activated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. CPA is one of the corner stones in all cancer treatment. We have studied the effect of repeated doses of CPA given at different time intervals on the mRNA, protein levels, and enzyme activity of CYPs in rats.


METHODS
Two groups of animals (A-75 and A-150) were treated with four doses of CPA (75 and 150 mg/kg, respectively) at short time intervals (6 h). The third group of animals (B-150) was treated with 150 mg/kg at 24-h intervals. Three animals were killed 30 min after administration, and three animals immediately before the next dose.


RESULTS
CYP2B1 and CYP2B2 mRNAs were significantly induced at 6 h after each dose in group A-75 (maximum of 2100-fold and 60-fold after the third dose, respectively), whereas the mRNA levels measured at 6 h postadministration in group A-150 were 1,490-fold and 36-fold after the second dose. In group B-150, no significant induction of mRNA levels was observed. CYP2B1 and CYP2B2 protein levels also increased with increased mRNAs. Plasma levels of 4-hydroxy-CPA measured at 30 min after dose correlated well with the increase in protein levels.


CONCLUSIONS
Up-regulation of CYP2B mRNA, with a concomitant increase in protein expression and activity, were observed after repeated administration of low doses of CPA compared with that found using higher doses, possibly due to toxicity counteracting induction. These results may help in designing more effective dosing schedules for CPA.
Afsharian
Parvaneh
P
Experimental Cancer Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.
Terelius
Ylva
Y
Hassan
Zuzana
Z
Nilsson
Christina
C
Lundgren
Stefan
S
Hassan
Moustapha
M
D000818:Animals; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019362:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D011920:Rats, Inbred WF; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012313:RNA; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D019362:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1; C025619:steroid 16-beta-hydroxylase