title: Temperature dependence of thermodiffusion in aqueous suspensions of charged nanoparticles.
abstract: Measurements of particle flows driven by temperature gradients are conducted as a function of temperature on aqueous suspensions of polystyrene nanoparticles and proteins of T4 lysozyme and mutant variants of T4 lysozyme. The thermodiffusion coefficients are measured using a microfluidic beam deflection technique on suspensions with particle concentrations on the order of 1 vol %. At T < or ~ 20 degrees C, all of the nanoparticles studied migrate to the hot regions of the fluid; i.e., the thermodiffusion coefficient is negative. At higher temperature, T > or ~ 50 degrees C, the thermodiffusion coefficient is positive with a value consistent with the predictions of a theoretical model originally proposed by Derjaguin that is based on the enthalpy changes due to polarization of water molecules in the double layer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. sputnam@uiuc.edu
authors.forename: Shawn A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Putnam
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Cahill
authors.forename: Gerard C L
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Wong