title: Antioxidant actions of phenolic compounds found in dietary plants on low-density lipoprotein and erythrocytes in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is increasing interest in the study of the antioxidant actions of plant phenolic compounds as evidence shows that consumption of plant products rich in these compounds contributes to protection from a number of ailments including cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, the antioxidant effects of selected phenolic compounds from dietary sources, namely barbaloin, 6-gingerol and rhapontin, were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), erythrocytes and erythrocyte membranes were subjected to several in vitro oxidative systems. The antioxidant effects of the phenolic compounds were assessed by their abilities in inhibiting hemolysis and lipid peroxidation of LDL and erythrocyte membranes, and in protecting ATPase activities and protein sulfhydryl groups of erythrocyte membranes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  6-Gingerol and rhapontin were found to exhibit strong inhibition against lipid peroxidation in LDL induced by 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH) and hemin while barbaloin possessed weaker effects. A similar order of antioxidant potencies among the three compounds was observed on the lipid peroxidation of erythrocyte membranes in a tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP)/hemin oxidation system. On the other hand, barbaloin and rhapontin were comparatively stronger antioxidants than 6-gingerol in preventing AAPH-induced hemolysis of erythrocytes. Among the three compounds, only barbaloin protected Ca2+-ATPase and protein sulfhydryl groups on erythrocyte membranes against oxidative attack by tBHP/hemin. Interestingly, rhapontin demonstrated protective actions on Na+/K+-ATPase in a sulfhydryl group-independent manner under the same experimental conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In view of their protective effects on LDL and erythrocytes against oxidative damage, these phenolic compounds might have potential applications in prooxidant state-related cardiovascular disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Rosanna Y Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Anthony Y H
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Po-Sing
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Christopher H K
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000578:Amidines; D000818:Animals; D000873:Anthracenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D002396:Catechols; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004249:DNA Damage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000578:Amidines; D000873:Anthracenes; D000975:Antioxidants; D002396:Catechols; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010636:Phenols; D013267:Stilbenes; C045601:barbaloin; C046728:2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane); C007845:gingerol; C023538:rhapontin