title: Elevated S100B levels do not correlate with the severity of encephalopathy during sepsis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is defined as a diffuse cerebral dysfunction induced by the systemic response to infection without any clinical or laboratory evidence of direct infectious involvement of the central nervous system. The astroglial protein S100B has been used as a marker of severity of brain injury and as a prognostic index in trauma patients and cardiac arrest survivors. We measured S100B serum levels in patients with severe sepsis to investigate if the severity of SAE correlated with an increase in S100B levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients, with a diagnosis of severe sepsis, were included in this study. S100B levels were measured at intensive care unit (ICU) admission, 72 h and 7 days after admission. Their association with markers of brain dysfunction such as Glasgow coma scale (GCS), and EEG, and with sepsis-related organ failure assessment score (SOFA) and ICU mortality was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen patients had elevated S100B levels. The levels did not correlate with GCS at admission, EEG pattern, or SOFA scores. Also, S100B levels did not differ between patients who recovered neurologically and those who did not (P = 0.62).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In severe sepsis, an increase in S100B does not allow the physicians to distinguish patients with severe impairment of consciousness from those with milder derangements or to prognosticate neurological recovery.
authors.affiliation: Anestesia e Rianimazione, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Pansini 5 (Ed 8), 80131 Napoli, Italy. orpiazza@unina.it
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Piazza
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cotena
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tufano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C579160:S100B protein, human