title: Lipase-catalyzed biodiesel production from waste activated bleaching earth as raw material in a pilot plant.
abstract: The production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from waste activated bleaching earth (ABE) discarded by the crude oil refining industry using lipase from Candida cylindracea was investigated in a 50-L pilot plant. Diesel oil or kerosene was used as an organic solvent for the transesterification of triglycerides embedded in the waste ABE. When 1% (w/w) lipase was added to waste ABE, the FAME content reached 97% (w/w) after reaction for 12 h at 25 degrees C with an agitation rate of 30 rpm. The FAME production rate was strongly dependent upon the amount of enzyme added. Mixtures of FAME and diesel oil at ratios of 45:55 (BDF-45) and 35:65 (BDF-35) were assessed and compared with the European specifications for biodiesel as automotive diesel fuel, as defined by pr EN 14214. The biodiesel quality of BDF-45 met the EN 14214 standard. BDF-45 was used as generator fuel, and the exhaust emissions were compared with those of diesel oil. The CO and SO2 contents were reduced, but nitrogen oxide emission increased by 10%. This is the first report of a pilot plant study of lipase-catalyzed FAME production using waste ABE as a raw material. This result demonstrates a promising reutilization method for the production of FAME from industrial waste resources containing vegetable oils for use as a biodiesel fuel.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biotechnology, Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan. yspark@agr.shizuoka.ac.jp <yspark@agr.shizuoka.ac.jp>
authors.forename: Enoch Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Masayasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kojima
mesh_terms: D002175:Candida / Q000201:enzymology; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D018534:Earth, Planet; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D005742:Gasoline; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007648:Kerosene; D008049:Lipase / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D005742:Gasoline; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007648:Kerosene; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D008049:Lipase