title: Receptor occupancy of mirtazapine determined by PET in healthy volunteers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Molecular tools are needed for assessing anti-depressant actions by positron emission tomography (PET) in the living human brain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study determined whether [(11)C]mirtazapine is an appropriate molecular tool for use with PET to estimate the magnitude of neuroreceptor occupancy produced by daily intake of mirtazapine.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, within-subject design. Eighteen healthy volunteers were PET-scanned twice with [(11)C]mirtazapine; once under baseline condition and again after receiving either placebo or mirtazapine (7.5 or 15 mg) for 5 days. We determined kinetic parameters of [(11)C]mirtazapine in brain regions by the simplified reference region method and used binding potential values to calculate receptor occupancy produced by mirtazapine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum concentrations of mirtazapine ranged from 33 to 56 nmol/l after five daily doses of 7.5 mg mirtazapine and were between 41 and 74 nmol/l after 15 mg mirtazapine. Placebo treatment failed to alter the binding potential of [(11)C]mirtazapine from baseline values, whereas daily intake of mirtazapine markedly decreased the binding potential in cortex, amygdala and hippocampus. Receptor occupancy ranged from 74 to 96% in high-binding regions of the brain after five daily doses of 7.5 mg or 15 mg mirtazapine, whereas 17-48% occupancy occurred in low-binding regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  [(11)C]Mirtazapine together with PET can determine the degree of receptor occupancy produced by daily doses of mirtazapine in regions of the living human brain.
authors.affiliation: Center for Psychiatric Research, Psychiatric Hospital of Aarhus University, 8240, Risskov, Denmark. dfsmith@inet.uni2.dk
authors.forename: Donald F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Bo S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Stork
authors.forename: Gregers
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wegener
authors.forename: Steen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jakobsen
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bender
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Audrain
authors.forename: Svend B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Søren B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodell
authors.forename: Raben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008803:Mianserin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D000078785:Mirtazapine; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D013607:Tablets; D013997:Time Factors; D014299:Trimipramine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D013607:Tablets; D008803:Mianserin; D014299:Trimipramine; D000078785:Mirtazapine