title: Linezolid versus vancomycin for prosthetic joint infections: a cost analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) caused by methicillin-resistant gram-positive bacteria are primarily treated by intravenous vancomycin. Linezolid, active against methicillin-resistant strains and available in oral and intravenous dosage forms, is a potential alternative to vancomycin for the treatment of PJIs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the cost of linezolid therapy (outpatient setting) and vancomycin therapy (inpatient and outpatient settings) for PJIs caused by methicillin-resistant gram-positive bacteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A decision tree was designed to simulate the clinical outcome and healthcare resource utilization of linezolid, vancomycin by outpatient and home parenteral antimicrobial therapies (OHPAT) and vancomycin administered in inpatient setting (rehabilitation facility) for patients with PJIs caused by methicillin-resistant strains. Clinical inputs were estimated from literature and the cost analysis was conducted from the perspective of the public healthcare provider in Hong Kong.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The base-case analysis showed that the vancomycin (OHPAT) group (USD14,470 per patient) was the least costly alternative, followed by the linezolid group (USD17,877 per patient) and the vancomycin (rehabilitation) group (USD19,980 per patient) (1USD = 7.8HKD). The clinical treatment success rates of vancomycin and linezolid were influential factors. Monte Carlo 10,000 simulations showed that the vancomycin (OHPAT) group was less costly than the arms of linezolid and vancomycin (rehabilitation) 64% and 100% of the time, respectively. The linezolid group was less costly than the vancomycin (rehabilitation) group in 65%of the times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Home-infusion of vancomycin therapy appears to be the least costly treatment approach for PJIs caused by methicillin-resistant gram-positive bacteria from the perspective of a Hong Kong public health organization.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Pharmacoeconomics Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong. joyceyou@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: J H S
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: G C H
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: R K H
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hui
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000465:Algorithms; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000191:economics; D007595:Joint Prosthesis / Q000382:microbiology; D000069349:Linezolid; D016106:Methicillin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D014640:Vancomycin; D000069349:Linezolid