title: The murder of children by fathers in the context of child abuse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the backgrounds of fathers who fatally abuse their children and the contexts within which these homicides occur. The type of relationship between victim, perpetrator, and the victim's mother was a particular interest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were gathered from 26 cases of fatal child abuse perpetrated by fathers derived from the wider Murder in Britain study. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from extensive prison case files of men serving life sentences for child murder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This was a group of undereducated, underemployed men with significant criminal histories. All except one victim had been subjected to previous violence by the offender, almost three-quarter of whom had also perpetrated violence against their intimate partners (the child's birth mother). Many men had unreasonable expectations and low tolerance levels of normal childhood behaviors, and many appeared jealous and resentful of these young children. All 26 victims were under 4 years of age. Sixty-two percent of the offenders were stepfathers and in only four cases was the perpetrator a birth father married to the birth mother. Stepfathers had more disrupted and disadvantaged backgrounds and experiences than birth fathers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that fathers who perpetrate fatal child abuse have a propensity to use violence against children in their care and intimate partners, raising questions about the gender dynamics and generational boundaries operating in these families. The nature and type of intimate relationship (whether married or cohabiting) and fathering relationship (whether birth or de facto) were important differentiating factors in these homicides as well as characteristics of the offender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Professionals working in child protection strive to provide effective services to children and families, ever vigilant to the possibility of the death of a child as a consequence of an assault. By and large, fathers (either biological or de facto) as the perpetrators of such assaults have received minimal attention in both policy and practice. Findings from this study suggest that practitioners need to be cognizant of men's attitudes towards and expectations of fathering (particularly stepfathering) which may present increased levels of risk to both children and intimate partners.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Social Science, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cavanagh
authors.forename: R Emerson
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Dobash
authors.forename: Russell P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Dobash
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004739:England; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006708:Homicide; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012106:Research