A girl with deletion 9q22.1-q22.32 including the PTCH and ROR2 genes identified by genome-wide array-CGH.
The underlying genetic cause of mental retardation (MR) remains unknown in about half of the cases. Recently, using whole genome array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH), submicroscopic genetic imbalances have been detected in up to 20% of patients with an unexplained MR, dysmorphic features, and apparently normal karyotype. Here, we present a 12-year-old girl with features of basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS), pulmonary valve stenosis, and MR, in whom array-CGH identified a 7.7 Mb deletion on 9q22.1-q22.32. The deleted region includes, among others, the ROR2 and PTCH genes. Haploinsufficiency of PTCH causes the BCNS syndrome and mutations in ROR2 have been found in an autosomal recessive Robinow syndrome and a dominantly inherited brachydactyly type 1B. We speculate that haploinsufficiency of ROR2 may contribute to pulmonary valve stenosis. Because of an age-dependent penetrance, BCNS may be challenging for diagnosis particularly when the features are not part of a typical clinical spectrum of BCNS. Early diagnosis of BCNS is important for preventing the development of associated tumors and better care of the patient. Our data confirm the previous observations that application of the whole genome array-CGH should be considered in selected patients with undiagnosed MR and dysmorphic features.
Nowakowska
Beata
B
Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland. bnowakowska@imid.med.pl
Kutkowska-Kaźmierczak
Anna
A
Stankiewicz
Paweł
P
Bocian
Ewa
E
Obersztyn
Ewa
E
Ou
Zhishuo
Z
Cheung
Sau Wai
SW
Cai
Wei-Wen
WW
D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D001478:Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D022202:Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; D019066:Facies; D005260:Female; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D000072079:Patched Receptors; D000072081:Patched-1 Receptor; D057050:Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
C000606236:PTCH1 protein, human; D000072079:Patched Receptors; D000072081:Patched-1 Receptor; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C078717:ROR2 protein, human; D057050:Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors