title: Sleep duration is associated with an increased risk for the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged women - The FIN-D2D survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between sleep duration with type 2 diabetes and abnormal glucose tolerance among middle-aged men and women in Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  The FIN-D2D survey is a population-based cross-sectional multicentre study in Finland, with 1336 men and 1434 women aged 45-74 participating in the survey during 2004 and 2005. A health examination including an oral glucose tolerance test and sleep questionnaire was performed for all participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an independent association between abnormal sleeping times and type 2 diabetes in middle-aged women. Even after adjustments for age, body mass index, sleep apnea probability, smoking, physical activity, and central nervous system-affecting medication, sleep duration of 6h or less or 8h or longer was independently associated with type 2 diabetes. There was no increase in the prevalence of diabetes in middle-aged men with abnormal sleeping times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short (< or = 6h) or long (> or = 8h) sleep duration is related to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged women but not in men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kuopio University Hospital, and University of Kuopio, Finland. henri.tuomilehto@kuh.fi
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peltonen
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Partinen
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seppä
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saaristo
authors.forename: Eeva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Korpi-Hyövälti
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oksa
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Puolijoki
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saltevo
authors.forename: Mauno
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanhala
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*