title: Craniopharyngioma: modern concepts in pathogenesis and treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Craniopharyngioma is a benign tumour. Its tendency to recur after excision and the high surgical risk due to involvement of the most vital structures of the brain mean that alternatives to radical surgery should be considered, namely limited surgical procedures followed by radiotherapy. Since both options present inherent risks, optimal craniopharyngioma treatment remains controversial. This paper aims to critically review the recent literature on craniopharyngioma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The management of children with craniopharyngioma has benefited from concerted efforts by national and international groups to improve outcome and reduce morbidity. From the current literature it is evident that there is a trend to better integrate all treatment modalities available, tailoring therapies to specific risk factors. Modern imaging and new surgical and radiotherapy techniques are increasing the possibility of cure. Biological markers are under investigation and this will increase our knowledge on craniopharyngioma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies on treatment, biology and pathogenesis of craniopharyngioma, available in the current literature, grew considerably in the last year. Although a consensus has not been reached on all aspects of this complex disease, there is a trend in the field to move quickly towards a better understanding of the disease to improve treatment strategies and to produce clinical cooperative trials.
authors.affiliation: Neuro-oncology Unit, Department of Paediatric Haemato-Oncology, Giannina Gaslini Children's Research Hospital, Genova, Italy. garrema@iol.it
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Garrè
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cama
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics; D000465:Algorithms; D002648:Child; D003397:Craniopharyngioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome