title: [Association of transforming growth factor-alpha gene polymorphism and environment factors with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Han nationality].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the association of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha gene polymorphism and environment factors with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP) in Han nationality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data related to infection, drug intake and folic acid supplement during pregnancy were gained through investigation of mothers. Polymerase chain reaction combined with restrict enzyme digestion was used to detect the target gene variation in 199 patients with NSCL/P and 203 healthy controls. Analysis was carried on the genotype and infection,drug intake and folic acid supplement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The C2 allele frequency in patients with NSCL/P was significantly higher than that in healthy controls. There was a significant increase of patients with NSCL/P in pregnant women exposed to infection, drug intake and folic acid deficiency. There was an interaction between C1C2 genetype and infection, drug intake and folic acid supplement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TGF-alpha gene polymorphism is associated with NSCL/P. Infection, drug intake and folic acid supplement during pregnancy were associated with the occurrence of NSCL/P. Individuals containing C2 allele were more sensitive to infection, drug intake and folic acid deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China.
authors.forename: Kui-Feng
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Qing-Guo
authors.initials: QG
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Xiao-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yi-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D002971:Cleft Lip; D002972:Cleft Palate; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors
chemical_list: D015291:Transforming Growth Factors