title: Sustained neural activity patterns during working memory in the human medial temporal lobe.
abstract: In contrast to classical findings that the medial temporal lobe (MTL) specifically underlies long-term memory, previous data suggest that MTL structures may also contribute to working memory (WM). However, the neural mechanisms by which the MTL supports WM have remained unknown. Here, we exploit intracranial EEG to identify WM-specific sustained activity patterns with the highest temporal and spatial resolution currently available in humans. Using a serial Sternberg paradigm, we found a positive shift of the direct current (DC) potential and a long-lasting decrease in MTL gamma-band activity during maintenance of a single item, reflective of a sustained reduction in neural activity. Maintenance of an increasing number of items elicited an incrementally negative shift of the DC potential and an increase in MTL gamma-band activity. In addition, the paradigm was conducted in healthy control subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging. This confirmed that our results were not caused by pathological processes within the MTL, and that this region was indeed specifically activated during the task. Our results thus provide direct evidence for sustained neural activity patterns during working memory maintenance in the MTL, and show that these patterns depend on WM load.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany. nikolai.axmacher@ukb.uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Nikolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Axmacher
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mormann
authors.forename: Guillén
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Michael X
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Christian E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Elger
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen