title: Rubritalea squalenifaciens sp. nov., a squalene-producing marine bacterium belonging to subdivision 1 of the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia'.
abstract: A taxonomic study was carried out to clarify the status of a Gram-negative, heterotrophic mesophile that was isolated from the marine sponge Halichondria okadai. The strain, designated HOact23(T), was a non-motile, rod-shaped (0.44-0.53x0.65-0.79 microm) bacterium. The strain produced squalene and a red-pink carotenoid pigment. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid and alanine. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 52.4 mol%. The major fatty acids were iso-C(14 : 0) (43.1 %), iso-C(16 : 0) (20.6 %) and anteiso-C(15 : 0) (18.1 %), and the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9 (90.8 %). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data, the strain formed a distinct group within subdivision 1 in the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia'. It showed a range of phenotypic properties that distinguished it from its closest relative, Rubritalea marina Pol012(T) (94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidence, it was concluded that strain HOact23(T) should be classified within a novel species in the genus Rubritalea. The name proposed for the taxon is Rubritalea squalenifaciens sp. nov., with the type strain HOact23(T) (=MBIC08254(T)=DSM 18772(T)).
authors.affiliation: Marine Biotechnology Institute, 3-75-1 Heita, Kamaishi, Iwate 026-0001, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.affiliation: Marine Biotechnology Institute, 3-75-1 Heita, Kamaishi, Iwate 026-0001, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katsuta
authors.affiliation: Marine Biotechnology Institute, 3-75-1 Heita, Kamaishi, Iwate 026-0001, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.affiliation: Marine Biotechnology Institute, 3-75-1 Heita, Kamaishi, Iwate 026-0001, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Marine Biotechnology Institute, 3-75-1 Heita, Kamaishi, Iwate 026-0001, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shindo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.
authors.forename: Jaewoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.affiliation: Marine Biotechnology Institute, 3-75-1 Heita, Kamaishi, Iwate 026-0001, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shizuri
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D003960:Diaminopimelic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D007564:Japan; D008124:Locomotion; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000032:analysis; D010802:Phylogeny; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011161:Porifera / Q000382:microbiology*; D011809:Quinones / Q000032:analysis; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013185:Squalene / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D011809:Quinones; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D003960:Diaminopimelic Acid; D013185:Squalene; D000409:Alanine