title: Association of cytokine gene polymorphisms and liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As liver fibrosis is the result of persistent necroinflammation in the liver, pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted in response to cell injury have a central role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. We aimed to investigate the association of cytokine gene polymorphism and liver fibrosis among Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymorphisms at interleukin-10 (IL-10-627, -1117), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1beta-511, -31, -3964), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha-308, -238) among Chinese chronic hepatitis B patients were determined. Severe liver fibrosis was defined as Ishak fibrosis score = 4 (of 6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-nine of 273 (22%) patients had severe fibrosis. The distribution of genotypes for IL-10-627 was CC (11%), CA (41%), and AA (48%). The CC genotype at IL-10-627 was protective against severe fibrosis (odds ratio (OR) 0.11; 95% CI 0.014-0.82; P = 0.032). After adjusted for baseline variables, the adjusted OR of CC genotypes at IL-10-627 for severe fibrosis was 0.063 (95% CI 0.06-0.64; P = 0.063). Other gene polymorphisms at IL-1beta, IL-1RN, TNF-alpha, and IL-10 had no significant association with severe fibrosis. Weak linkage disequilibrium was observed between IL-10-627 and IL-10-1117 with linkage disequilibrium coefficient of 0.12 (P < 0.001). The distribution of haplotypes of IL-10-1117 and IL-10-627 was A-A (69%), A-C (26%), and G-C (5%). High and intermediate IL-10 production (A-C and G-C) haplotypes were protective against severe fibrosis (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.39-0.99; P = 0.046).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High production genotype and haplotypes of IL-10 were associated with less severe liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B in Chinese.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. hlychan@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Henry L-Y
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Ada M-L
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: Angel M-L
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Chim
authors.forename: Vincent W-S
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Paul C-L
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Mingdong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Joseph J-Y
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10