title: Nesfatin-1: distribution and interaction with a G protein-coupled receptor in the rat brain.
abstract: Nesfatin-1 is a recently identified satiety molecule detectable in neurons of the hypothalamus and nucleus of solitary tract (NTS). Immunohistochemical studies revealed nesfatin-1-immunoreactive (irNEF) cells in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, and caudal raphe nuclei of the rats, in addition to the hypothalamus and NTS reported in the initial study. Double-labeling immunohistochemistry showed that irNEF cells were vasopressin or oxytocin positive in the paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus; cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript or tyrosine hydroxylase positive in arcuate nucleus; cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript or melanin concentrating hormone positive in the lateral hypothalamus. In the brainstem, irNEF neurons were choline acetyltransferase positive in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus and dorsal motor nucleus of vagus; tyrosine hydroxylase positive in the NTS; and 5-hydroxytryptamine positive in the caudal raphe nucleus. The biological activity of rat nesfatin-1 (1-82) (100 nm) was assessed by the Ca(2+) microfluorometric method. Nesfatin-1 elevated intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations [Ca(2+)](i) in dissociated and cultured hypothalamic neurons. The response was prevented by pretreating the cells with pertussis toxin (100 nm) or Ca(2+)-free solution and by a combination of the L-type and P/Q-type calcium channel blocker verapamil (1 microm) and omega-conotoxin MVIIC (100 nm). The protein kinase A inhibitor KT 5720 (1 microm) suppressed nesfatin-1-induced rise in [Ca(2+)](i). The result shows that irNEF is distributed to several discrete nuclei in the brainstem, in addition to the hypothalamus and NTS reported earlier, and that the peptide interacts with a G protein-coupled receptor, leading to an increase of [Ca(2+)](i), which is linked to protein kinase A activation in cultured rat hypothalamic neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. gbrailou@temple.edu
authors.forename: G Cristina
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Brailoiu
authors.forename: Siok L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Dun
authors.forename: Eugen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brailoiu
authors.forename: Saadet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inan
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jaw Kang
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Nae J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Dun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D000080866:Nucleobindins; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011149:Pons / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C000630652:Nucb1 protein, rat; D000080866:Nucleobindins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium