title: Radiological manifestations of splenic tuberculosis: a 23-patient case series from India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Splenic tuberculosis (TB) is a less common but important manifestation of abdominal TB, especially in India and other developing countries. Its prevalence is increasing with the epidemic of HIV-TB co-infection and subsequent rise in extrapulmonary TB. The range of radiological manifestations of splenic TB is poorly described. Here, we review the ultrasonographic and computed tomographic (CT) images of 23 cases from two large tertiary care centers in India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiographic images, ultrasonographic in all cases and CT in selected cases, were retrospectively analyzed in a series of 23 patients presenting to two large tertiary care centers in India, with suspected TB and with splenomegaly on physical examination. Images were assessed at baseline and when available following anti-tuberculosis therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ultrasound and CT findings included, in order of most common: single or multiple hypoechoic focal lesions, splenic abscess, calcifications (on CT), and isolated splenomegaly. Five of the six patients with findings of isolated splenomegaly on ultrasound were found to have lesions on CT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasonography of the spleen is an affordable, non-invasive imaging modality, which can be helpful in diagnosis of splenic TB and assessment of therapeutic response. Proper use of this imaging modality in splenic TB should help avoid unnecessary CT imaging or invasive procedures. However, this technique is operator-dependent, and, when extensive intraabdominal involvement is suspected, or the diagnosis is unclear, CT may be necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. sksharma@aiims.ac.in
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Duncan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith-Rohrberg
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tahir
authors.forename: Alladi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.forename: Ashu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014400:Tuberculosis, Splenic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography