title: Cotransplantation of ex vivo expanded mesenchymal stem cells accelerates lymphocyte recovery and may reduce the risk of graft failure in haploidentical hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.
abstract: Haploidentical hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is associated with an increased risk of graft failure. Adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to support in vivo normal hematopoiesis and to display potent immune suppressive effects. We cotransplanted donor MSCs in 14 children undergoing transplantation of HLA-disparate CD34(+) cells from a relative. While we observed a graft failure rate of 15% in 47 historic controls, all patients given MSCs showed sustained hematopoietic engraftment without any adverse reaction. In particular, children given MSCs did not experience more infections compared with controls. These data suggest that MSCs, possibly thanks to their potent immunosuppressive effect on alloreactive host T lymphocytes escaping the preparative regimen, reduce the risk of graft failure in haploidentical HSC transplant recipients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands. l.m.ball@lumc.nl
authors.forename: Lynne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Maria Ester
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bernardo
authors.forename: Helene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roelofs
authors.forename: Arjan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lankester
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cometa
authors.forename: R Maarten
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Egeler
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.forename: Willem E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Fibbe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors