title: Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes attending summer camps in France.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate, using fundus photography, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in young diabetic subjects attending summer camps run by the Aide aux Jeunes Diabétiques Association (Aid to Young Diabetics).
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred and four children and adolescents (250 boys and 254 girls), with type 1 diabetes mellitus, aged 10-18 years (mean:13+/-2), were screened for DR using non mydriatic photography, during their stay in a holiday camp. Demographic and clinical data recorded on subjects' arrival in the camp included date of birth, height, weight, treatment, blood pressure, and duration of diabetes. HbA(1c) was determined with a DCA 2000 kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean diabetes duration was 4.8+/-3.4 years and mean HbA(1c) was 8.5+/-1.3%. Mild non proliferative DR was diagnosed in 23 children (4.6%). Compared to subjects without DR, those with DR were significantly older (P<10(-3)), had a longer duration of diabetes (P=0.001), higher systolic blood pressure (P=0.04), and had higher (but not significantly so) HbA(1c) (P=0.15). After adjustment for age, only longer duration remained significantly associated with DR (P=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of DR in these young patients was low compared to that reported in previous studies. The decrease may be due to modern diabetes care with multiple insulin injections. However, early detection of DR in adolescents, especially in their late teens, remains important, because it allows the identification of patients at high risk of progression towards severe stages of DR.
authors.affiliation: APHP, Ophthalmology Department, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris 7 University, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris, France. p.massin@lrb.aphp.fr
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Massin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erginay
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mercat-Caudal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vol
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reach
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cahane
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tichet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002165:Camping; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin