title: Improvement of a CrtO-type of beta-carotene ketolase for canthaxanthin production in Methylomonas sp.
abstract: Two types of non-homologous beta-carotene ketolases (CrtW and CrtO) were previously described. We report improvement of a CrtO-type of beta-carotene ketolase for canthaxanthin production in a methylotrophic bacterium, Methylomonas sp. 16a, which could use the C1 substrate (methane or methanol) as sole carbon and energy source. The crtO gene from Rhodococcus erythropolis was improved for canthaxanthin production in an E. coli strain engineered to produce high titer carotenoids by error-prone PCR mutagenesis followed by in vitro recombination. The best mutants from protein engineering could produce approximately 90% of total carotenoids as canthaxanthin in the high titer E. coli strain compared to approximately 20% canthaxanthin produced by the starting gene. Canthaxanthin production in Methylomonas was also significantly improved to approximately 50% of total carotenoids by the mutant genes. Further improvement of canthaxanthin production to approximately 93% in Methylomonas was achieved by increased expression of the best mutant gene. Some mutations were found in many of the improved genes, suggesting that these sites, and possibly the regions around these sites, were important for improving the crtO's activity for canthaxanthin production.
authors.affiliation: Biological and Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Central Research and Development, E. I. DuPont de Nemours Inc., Wilmington, DE 19880-0328, USA.
authors.forename: Xiao-Song
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shyr
authors.forename: Luan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sedkova
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D016644:Canthaxanthin / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D020620:Methylomonas / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D010105:Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015202:Protein Engineering; D012240:Rhodococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019207:beta Carotene; D016644:Canthaxanthin; D010105:Oxygenases; C093259:beta-carotene ketolase