title: Optimisation of biocide dose as a function of residual biocide in a heat exchanger pilot plant effluent.
abstract: Biofouling is one of the most serious problems facing numerous industrial processes. In the case of a heat exchanger unit, biological deposits adhering to the inside surface of its tubes reduce heat transfer and, thus, the thermal performance of the cycle. Control of this phenomenon is proving fundamental for both land and marine equipment to operate in optimum working conditions. Hence, it is necessary to apply antifouling methods capable of keeping surfaces free of any kind of biofouling. This paper reports on the behaviour resulting from use of the flow inversion method vs that obtained by using various chemical treatments. The study compares the effectiveness of certain chemical treatments (Na hypochlorite, peracetic acid and a compound formed by Na bromide + Na hypochlorite) for removing a biofouling film that has already formed on the inside surfaces of tubes in a heat exchanger pilot plant. The paper also addresses the issue of optimising the concentration of biocide dose as a function of the residual biocide in order minimise the environmental impact caused by effluent from industrial plants. The results indicate that it is possible to eliminate a biofilm formed on the inside surfaces of tubes by the use of intermittent doses of chemical treatments at low concentrations and over long application times. Furthermore, once the stabilisation phase is reached 6 d after starting the treatment, it is possible to maintain the conditions achieved using only 20% of the initial dosage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences and Techniques of Navigation and Ship Construction, Cantabria University, Spain.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eguía
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trueba
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Girón
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Río-Calonge
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Otero
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bielva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D005412:Flatfishes; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D006358:Hot Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D002713:Chlorine