title: Benefits of FES gait in a spinal cord injured population.
abstract: METHODS
  Review.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This review article investigated the objective evidence of benefits derived from functional electrical stimulation (FES)-assisted gait for people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Both FES and gait have been proposed to promote not only augmented health and fitness, but specific ambulatory outcomes for individuals with neurological disabilities. However, due to small sample sizes and the lack of functionality of the intervention, it has not been widely used in clinical practice. This review assessed whether there is sufficient evidence to encourage a more widespread deployment of FES gait within the rehabilitation community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hand searches and online data collection were performed in Medline and Science Direct. Specific search terms used included SCI/paralysis/paraplegia and tetraplegia with electrical stimulation/FES, gait and walking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The searches generated 532 papers. Of these papers, 496 were excluded and 36 papers were included in the review. Many reported benefits were not carefully investigated, and small sample sizes or different methodologies resulted in insufficient evidence to draw definitive conclusions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FES gait can enhance gait, muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness for people with SCI. However, these benefits are dependent on the nature of the injury and further research is required to generalize these results to the widespread population of SCI individuals. Proof of the functionality and further evidence of the benefits of FES gait will assist in FES gait gaining clinical acceptance.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Nightingale
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crosbie
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome