title: A pinch or a lesion: a reconceptualization of biting consequences in mice.
abstract: Intruder and resident male colony mice exhibit an array of distinct defensive and offensive behaviors. Intruders typically show more boxing, flight, defensive sideways position, on the back position and general locomotion, while residents exhibit higher levels of attack, olfactory investigation, aggressive grooming, and biting, with a preference for dorsal bite locations. Here, analysis of bite locations on the body of the intruder mice showed that the majority of bites produced few lesions (i.e. actual puncturing of the skin) when compared to scrapes or no markings. Most bites were directed to the back of the opponent animal with very few bites directed towards the opponents' vulnerable ventrum. In particular, bites directed at the relatively hairless ventrum produced no lesions. These findings, along with previous work on mice and rats, suggest that intraspecific offense with preferred target sites for biting, facilitates an effective but largely nonwounding interaction between resident and intruder mice. Furthermore, bruise and wound analyses suggest an association between bite targets and tissue damage. The preference for specific bite locations may be complimented by a differential intensity of attack, with the back attracting the strongest bites and the ventrum the weakest. This apparent nonwounding fighting pattern contradicts the current evaluation of rodent wounding severity in this paradigm and can therefore refine the usage of this model and of the protocols associated with it.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu 96822, USA. litvin@hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Yoav
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Litvin
authors.forename: D Caroline
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.forename: Nathan S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Pentkowski
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Blanchard
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001733:Bites and Stings; D006120:Grooming; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice