title: The NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor apocynin improves endothelial NO/superoxide balance and lowers effectively blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats: comparison to calcium channel blockade.
abstract: The vascular NAD(P)H oxidase contributes to endothelial dysfunction and high blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat by enhancing superoxide production. We investigated the effects of apocynin, a NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor, on blood pressure and vascular radical and nitric oxide formation in SHR and compared its effects to the calcium channel blocker nifedipine. Apocynin (over four weeks) lowered systolic blood pressure significantly and as effectively as nifedipine. Both apocynin and nifedipine significantly reduced superoxide production. In parallel, vascular nitric oxide production and ecNOS activity was significantly increased by apocynin treatment. Therefore, apocynin may be an effective antihypertensive drug in essential hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany. Anselm.Baeumer@uk-koeln.de
authors.forename: Anselm T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Bäumer
authors.forename: Christian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Krüger
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Falkenberg
authors.forename: Henrik Ten
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Freyhaus
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rösen
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosenkranz
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C056165:acetovanillone; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D009543:Nifedipine