title: Nicotine treatment regulates neuropeptide S system expression in the rat brain.
abstract: Nicotine has marked effects on sleep, arousal and body weight. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying these actions are not fully understood. Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a recently discovered neuropeptide regulating sleep, anxiety and feeding. Here, we examined the effect of acute and chronic nicotine treatment on the expression of NPS and its receptor (NPS-R) in the hypothalamus and brainstem of rats by using real-time PCR. Our results showed that chronic nicotine treatment induced significant changes in NPS and NPS-R expression whereas acute treatment exclusively induces a marked increase in the mRNA levels of NPS-R in the brainstem. Interestingly, we detected no changes in the expression levels of other set of genes present both in hypothalamus and brainstem. Overall, these data suggest that NPS system is specifically regulated by nicotine in the rat hypothalamus and brainstem.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lage
authors.forename: C Ruth
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Diéguez
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D009538:Nicotine