title: Influence of movement on FP-CIT SPECT quantification: a Monte Carlo based simulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Head motion during acquisition is a frequently observed phenomenon while imaging the brain with SPECT. The aim of this study was to obtain detailed insight into the effects of head motion on the specific striatal binding of I-FP-CIT based on Monte Carlo simulations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on the Monte Carlo code and the digital Zubal phantom, different movement profiles (angular movement in the transaxial and sagittal plane ranging from -10 to +10 degrees) were systematically simulated for normal striatal binding and neurodegeneration. A triple-headed SPECT camera equipped with low-energy, high-resolution, parallel-hole collimators was modelled for this purpose. The projection data were reconstructed iteratively and the images were then evaluated using fully automated quantification software based on morphology guided volumes of interest. In addition, data were evaluated with a method taking into account partial volume effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Simulated movement resulted in blurring and streaking of the striatal structures with a concomitant change in measured specific striatal binding in most simulated profiles ranging from -44% to +2% (for the morphology guided volume of interest analyses) and -23% to +28% (for the method intended to overcome partial volume effects). In contrast to angular movement in the sagittal plane, rotation in the transaxial plane caused left/right asymmetry up to 41%. In the simulation of neurodegeneration, almost all movement profiles lead to an increase of putamen-to-caudate ratios.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Motion during the acquisition of a SPECT scan can have an important impact on measured dopamine transporter binding with its extent varying in dependency on the method of analysis used. While this is of prime importance in a research setting, it can also have implications in clinical routine imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Germany. Walter.koch@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zach
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tatsch
mesh_terms: D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009068:Movement; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014326:Tropanes
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014326:Tropanes; C087552:2-carbomethoxy-8-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(4-iodophenyl)tropane