title: Stereotactic biopsy of diffuse pontine lesions in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Empirical radiotherapy is the current treatment for children with diffuse pontine lesions that have imaging characteristics of an infiltrative malignant astrocytoma. The use of chemotherapeutic agents is, however, currently under investigation in the treatment of these tumors. To be included into a trial, patients need a definitive histological diagnosis. The authors present their prospective study of the stereotactic biopsy of these lesions during a 4-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  A suboccipital, transcerebellar approach was used to obtain biopsy samples in 24 children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients suffered deficits. Both had a transient (< 2 months) new cranial nerve palsy; one of these patients also experienced an exacerbation of a preoperative hemiparesis. No patient died during the perioperative period. A histological diagnosis was made in all 24 patients as follows: 22 had a malignant infiltrative astrocytoma, one had a low-grade astrocytoma, and one had a pilocytic astrocytoma. The diagnosis of the latter two patients affected the initial treatment after the biopsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study imply that stereotactic biopsy sampling of a diffuse pontine tumor is a safe procedure, is associated with minimal morbidity, and has a high diagnostic yield. A nonmalignant tumor was identified in two of the 24 patients in whom the imaging findings were characteristic of a malignant infiltrative astrocytoma. With the advent of new treatment protocols, stereotactic biopsy sampling, which would allow specific tumor characterization of diffuse pontine lesions, may become standard.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roujeau
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Garnett
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miquel
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Puget
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geoerger
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grill
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boddaert
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Rocco
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zerah
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sainte-Rose
mesh_terms: D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D020295:Brain Stem Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002524:Cerebellar Ataxia / Q000209:etiology; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016371:Cranial Irradiation; D003389:Cranial Nerve Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011149:Pons / Q000473:pathology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed