title: Improved insulin sensitivity after a single bout of exercise is curvilinearly related to exercise energy expenditure.
abstract: A single bout of moderate-intensity exercise increases whole-body insulin sensitivity for 12-48 h post-exercise; however, the relationship between exercise energy expenditure and the improvement in insulin sensitivity is not known. We hypothesized that the exercise-induced increase in whole-body insulin sensitivity, assessed with HOMA(IR) (homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), is directly related to the energy expended during exercise. We studied 30 recreationally active non-obese men (age, 27+/-5 years; body mass index, 24+/-2 kg/m(2)) in the post-absorptive state on two separate occasions: once after exercising at 60% of VO(22peak) (peak oxygen consumption) for 30-120 min on the preceding afternoon (expending a total of 1.28-5.76 MJ) and once after an equivalent period of rest. Blood samples were obtained the following morning. Exercise-induced changes in HOMA(IR) were curvilinearly related to exercise energy expenditure (r=-0.666, P=0.001) with a threshold of approx. 3.77 MJ (900 kcal) for improvements in HOMA(IR) to be manifested. In particular, HOMA(IR) was reduced by 32+/-24% (P=0.003) in subjects who expended more than 3.77 MJ during exercise, but did not change for those who expended fewer than 3.77 MJ (-2+/-21%; P=0.301). Furthermore, the magnitude of change in HOMA(IR) after exercise was directly associated with baseline (i.e. resting) HOMA(IR) (r=-0.508, P=0.004); this relationship persisted in multivariate analysis. We conclude that improved whole-body insulin resistance after a single bout of exercise is curvilinearly related to exercise energy expenditure, and requires unfeasible amounts of exercise for most sedentary individuals.
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA.
authors.forename: Faidon
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Magkos
authors.forename: Yannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsekouras
authors.forename: Stavros A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kavouras
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mittendorfer
authors.forename: Labros S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Sidossis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin