title: [A teaching medical simulator: phacoemulsification in virtual reality].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Improvements in computer technology have made it possible to design a cataract surgery teaching simulator in real time.
  
  
  METHODS
  A computed representation of the lens was made with a mechanical model simulating the behavior of the lens, to which we added texture. The different models use mesh to make a section, which allowed us to make a section in real time using element removal or separation. Different models were used: a mass-spring mesh, a rigid model and a deformable model created using the finite element method. The contact with the lens is simulated by a collision sphere, which provides the interaction between the surgical instruments and the virtual environment. The surgical instruments viewed on the screen are controlled by a stylus with 6 degrees of freedom.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We obtained the first step of phacoemulsification in real time with a good visual aspect. The surgeon views the procedure and can modify his movements instantaneously. This simulator provides the opportunity for students to safely learn phacoemulsification and improve their technique with an infinite number of procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The realism offered by this tool provides a rigorous teaching tool that might reduce the learning curve for phacoemulsification.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Huriez, CHRU, Lille, France. nicsanterre@caramail.com
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Santerre
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blondel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Racoussot
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laverdure
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karpf
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rouland
mesh_terms: D001296:Audiovisual Aids; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003199:Computer Systems; D006801:Humans; D008961:Models, Structural; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000193:education* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014584:User-Computer Interface