title: Therapeutic trial of sodium antimony gluconate alone and in combination with ketoconazole in post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Drugs used in PKDL include parenteral sodium antimony gluconate (SAG), amphotericin-B, pentamidine, and ketoconazole (KTZ). SAG is the most effective one. Given alone, SAG has to be given for a long duration, leading to poor patient compliance and treatment failure. This study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of SAG alone and a combination of SAG and KTZ for sixty days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients of PKDL were included in the study. Five patients (Group A) were given SAG intravenously, in the dose of 20 mg/kg per day and five (Group B) were given SAG (intravenously 20 mg/kg per day) and KTZ (200 mg twice daily orally). Both treatment regimens were given for sixty days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Group A, the nodules and/or plaques showed approximate 80-85% clinical improvement, and macules showed 25-30% improvement. In group B (SAG + KTZ), there was 90-95% clinical improvement in the nodules and/or plaques and 25-30% in macules.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests the therapeutic superiority of the combination treatment regimen in a shorter duration but is not conclusive as the number of patients was low. Further trials are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology & Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. srathi2@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Rathi
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Pandhi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chopra