title: Gi alpha 1-mediated cardiac electrophysiological remodeling and arrhythmia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac hypertrophy is a major risk factor for arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. However, the underlying signaling mechanisms involved in the induction of arrhythmia and electrophysiological remodeling in cardiac hypertrophy are unclear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using an inducible gene-switch approach, we achieved tissue-specific and temporally regulated induction of a well-established hypertrophic pathway, the Ras-Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway, in adult mouse heart. On Ras activation, the transgenic animal developed ventricular hypertrophy and arrhythmias. The development of ventricular arrhythmias was temporally correlated with electrophysiological remodeling in isolated ventricular myocytes, including action potential prolongation, increased sodium-calcium exchanger activity, reduced outward potassium currents, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ defects, and loss of protein kinase A-dependent phospholamban phosphorylation. From genome-wide expression profiling, we discovered a selective induction of G alpha inhibiting subunit 1 (Gi alpha1) expression in the Ras transgenic heart. Treatment of transgenic animals with the Gi/o inhibitor pertussis toxin normalized the phospholamban phosphorylation by protein kinase A, reversed the action potential prolongation, and significantly reduced the frequency of cardiac arrhythmias in Ras transgenic animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that selective induction of G alpha inhibiting subunit 1 expression and activity is a novel downstream event in hypertrophic signaling that may be a critical factor leading to cellular electrophysiological remodeling and cardiac arrhythmias in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.forename: Scherise
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vainoriene
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Lai-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Shuxun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Joshua I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Goldhaber
authors.forename: Yibin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D004594:Electrophysiology; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go