title: Behavioral and neural responses of toads to salt solutions correlate with basolateral membrane potential of epidermal cells of the skin.
abstract: Dehydrated toads initiated water absorption response (WR) behavior and absorbed water from dilute NaCl solutions. With 200-250 mM NaCl, WR behavior and water absorption were both suppressed. With 200-250 mM Na-gluconate, WR initiation was significantly greater than with NaCl but water loss was greater. Neural recordings from spinal nerve #6 showed a greater integrated response to 250 mM NaCl than to 250 mM Na-gluconate, whereas a larger rinse response was seen with Na-gluconate. Studies with isolated epithelium showed a large increase in conductance (G(t)) when 250 mM NaCl replaced NaCl Ringer's as the apical bathing solution that was accompanied by depolarization of the transepithelial potential (V(t)) and basolateral membrane potential (V(b)). Depolarization of V(b) corresponded with the neural response to 250 mM NaCl. When 250 mM Na-gluconate replaced Ringer's as the apical solution G(t) remained low, V(b) transiently hyperpolarized to values near the equilibrium potential for K(+) and corresponded with the reduced neural response. These results support the hypothesis that chemosensory function of the skin is analogous to that of mammalian taste cells but utilizes paracellular ion transport to a greater degree.
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA. stanley.hillyard@unlv.edu
authors.forename: Stanley D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hillyard
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baula
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tuttle
authors.forename: Niels J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Willumsen
authors.forename: Erik H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002025:Bufonidae; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D010477:Perfusion; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D012492:Salts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D007473:Ion Channels; D012492:Salts; D014867:Water; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D011188:Potassium