title: Quinacrine inhibits the epidermal dendritic cell migration initiating T cell-mediated skin inflammation.
abstract: Quinacrine (QC) is an anti-inflammatory drug that has been used for the treatment of malaria and rheumatoid diseases. The mechanism(s) underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of QC remains poorly understood. We recently reported the QC-mediated inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway using an in vitro model. To test this potential mechanism in vivo, we used the contact hypersensitivity response (CHS) to chemical allergen sensitization and challenge in mice as a model of skin inflammation. The results indicated that QC treatment inhibited NF-kappaB activation in the skin during allergen sensitization. This inhibition was reflected by decreased mRNA expression and protein production of the NF-kappaB-dependent cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and the chemokine CCL21 in the skin. The decreases in these cytokines resulted in reduced migration of allergen-presenting dendritic cells from the skin into skin-draining lymph nodes and markedly decreased activation of effector CD8+ T cells for the CHS response to allergen challenge (inhibitory concentration 50% or IC50 was 55 mg/kg). These findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism of QC-mediated inhibition of inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195-0001, USA. gorbaca@ccf.org
authors.forename: Anton V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Gorbachev
authors.forename: Alexander V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Gasparian
authors.forename: Katerina V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Gurova
authors.forename: Andrei V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Gudkov
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Fairchild
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D054421:Chemokine CCL21; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000378:metabolism; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004139:Dinitrofluorobenzene / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D011796:Quinacrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C515479:Ccl21c protein, mouse; D054421:Chemokine CCL21; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004139:Dinitrofluorobenzene; D011796:Quinacrine