title: A virtual reality extended neuropsychological assessment for topographical disorientation: a feasibility study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Topographical disorientation represents one of the main consequences of brain injury. Up to now several methodological approaches have been used in the assessment of the brain injured patient's navigational abilities showing a moderate correlation with the impairments observed in everyday contexts.
  
  
  METHODS
  We propose a combination of standardized neuropsychological tests and a more situated virtual reality-based assessment for the evaluation of spatial orientation in brain injured patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When tested with this virtual reality integrated procedure patients showed performance and execution times congruent with their neuropsychological evaluation. When compared to a control group, patients revealed significantly slower times and greater errors in solving virtual reality based spatial tasks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of virtual reality, when combined with classical neuropsychological tests, can provide an effective tool for the study of topographical disorientation.
authors.affiliation: Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via G, Pelizza da Volpedo 41, I-20149 Milano, Italy. francesca.morganti@auxologico.it
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morganti
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaggioli
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Strambi
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rusconi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Riva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009949:Orientation; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D013028:Space Perception; D014584:User-Computer Interface