Omega 3 fatty acids (fish oil) for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis.
BACKGROUND
Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3, fish oil) have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, n-3 therapy may be beneficial in chronic inflammatory disorders such as ulcerative colitis.


OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the efficacy and safety of n-3 for maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis (UC).


METHODS
The following databases were searched from their inception without language restriction: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Healthstar, PubMed, and ACP journal club. Experts were contacted for unpublished data.


METHODS
Randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCT) of fish oil for maintenance of remission in UC were included. Studies must have enrolled patients (of any age group) who were in remission at the time of recruitment, and were followed for at least six months. The intervention must have been fish oil given in pre-defined dosage. Co-interventions were allowed only if they were balanced between the study groups. The primary outcome was relapse rate and the secondary outcome was frequency of adverse events. Other outcomes to assess efficacy were change in disease activity scores and time to first relapse.


METHODS
Two independent investigators reviewed studies for eligibility, extracted the data and assessed study quality. Meta-analysis weighted by the Mantel-Haenszel method was performed using RevMan 4.2.8 software. Random or fixed effect models were used according to degree of heterogeneity and subgroup analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity. A sensitivity analysis was performed excluding a study of questionable quality .


RESULTS
The three studies that were included used different formulation and dosing of n-3 but none used enteric coated capsules. The pooled analysis showed a similar relapse rate in the n-3 treated patients and controls (RR 1.02; 95% CI 0.51 to 2.03; P = 0.96). Combining the studies resulted in virtually no statistical heterogeneity (P = 0.93, I(2) = 0%). Various subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed similar results. However, the total number of patients enrolled in these studies was small (n = 138). No significant adverse events were recorded in any of the studies and not enough data were available to pool the other secondary outcomes for meta-analysis.


CONCLUSIONS
No evidence was found that supports the use of omega 3 fatty acids for maintenance of remission in UC. Further studies using enteric coated capsules may be justified.
Turner
D
D
Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, 555 University Ave.,Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8. dan.turner@sickkids.ca
Steinhart
A H
AH
Griffiths
A M
AM
D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D055502:Secondary Prevention
D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3