title: Vascular endothelial growth factor trap blocks tumor growth, metastasis formation, and vascular leakage in an orthotopic murine renal cell cancer model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiogenesis inhibitors have shown clinical benefit in patients with advanced renal cell cancer, but further therapeutic improvement is needed. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) Trap is a newly developed VEGF-blocking agent with stronger affinity and broader activity than the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab. In this study, we tested the activity of VEGF Trap in an orthotopic murine model of renal cancer with spontaneous lung metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Murine syngeneic renal cell carcinoma cells (RENCA) transfected with a luciferase-expressing vector were injected into the renal capsule of BALB/c mice. I.p. treatment with VEGF Trap or control protein (10 or 25 mg/kg twice weekly) was started shortly after tumor injection to prevent tumor development (prevention model) or after established tumors were formed to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis formation (intervention model).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the prevention model, VEGF Trap inhibited tumor growth by 87 +/- 14% compared with control (P=0.007) and significantly prolonged survival. In the intervention model, VEGF Trap inhibited tumor growth by 74 +/- 9% (P<0.001) and the formation of lung metastases was inhibited by 98% (P<0.004). Microvascular density was reduced by 66% due to VEGF Trap treatment (P<0.001). In addition, VEGF Trap prevented fibrinogen leakage into the tumor microenvironment representative for reduced vascular leaking as shown by immunohistochemical staining.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VEGF Trap is a potent inhibitor of RENCA tumor growth and metastasis formation and blocks the biological function of VEGF in vivo. These results support further clinical development of VEGF Trap for renal cell cancer and other cancer types.
authors.affiliation: The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.
authors.forename: Henk M W
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Verheul
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hammers
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van Erp
authors.forename: Yonfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Tolib
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sanni
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salumbides
authors.forename: David Z
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Yancopoulos
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pili
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020286:Pericytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A