title: Urological follow-up of adult spina bifida patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The vast majority of the current urological literature understandably has concentrated on the management of children with spina bifida, because in the past the majority did not survive into adulthood. With improvements in the understanding and multidisciplinary care of spina bifida patients it has become a disease of adults. Our aim was to evaluate the current literature to attempt to formulate evidence based guidelines for the management of this difficult group of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the literature on adult urological management of spina bifida, all relevant articles which concentrated on adults and long-term management were studied in full.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Renal function may begin/continue to deteriorate into adulthood, becoming the leading cause of adult death. This is thought to occur because of changes in the adult bladder, with increases in storage pressure. Medical and surgical management should aim to preserve renal function as well as the maintenance of continence in the face of the growing and changing urinary tract. Follow-up should be regular and in the context of a specialist multidisciplinary clinic. Despite being unvalidated in the follow-up of adult spina bifida patient's annual serum creatinine, ultrasound and urodynamics are currently the best tools available.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no reason why the majority of spina bifida sufferers cannot use their own kidneys for the rest of their lives. This however relies on urological treatment being instigated soon after birth and continuing into adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom. imranahmad@doctors.net.uk
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Paraskeve
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Granitsiotis
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014563:Urodynamics; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology