title: Differential effects of TGF-beta on connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) expression in hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis and suggested as a downstream mediator of the fibrogenic master cytokine TGF-beta.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the effect of TGF-beta1 on CTGF/CCN2 expression in cultured rat hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes by means of Western and Northern blotting, immunocytochemistry, reporter gene analysis, and metabolic labelling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the expression of CTGF/CCN2 in hepatic stellate cells is (i) only marginally (if at all) stimulated by TGF-beta and by a constitutively active type I TGF-beta receptor, (ii) independent from Smad2/3 phosphorylation, (iii) not reduced by TGF-beta1 antagonists or ALK5-receptor inhibitors and (iv) not upregulated during transdifferentiation to myofibroblasts in culture. However, expression and secretion of CTGF/CCN2 in cultured hepatocytes increased spontaneously during culture and was strongly stimulated by TGF-beta1. In bile-duct ligated and CCl(4)-treated rat livers, a strong CTGF/CCN2 expression in hepatocytes was noticed. Endothelin-1 stimulated CTGF/CCN2 expression in stellate cells but not in hepatocytes. Pathway specific signalling inhibitors point to the involvement of non-Smad signalling cascades but their contribution to CTGF/CCN2 regulation is different in both cell types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results do not reveal a relevant interrelation between TGF-beta function and CTGF/CCN2 expression in hepatic stellate cells, which is in contrast to hepatocytes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, RWTH-University Hospital, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Olav A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Gressner
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lahme
authors.forename: Ilhan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Demirci
authors.forename: Axel M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gressner
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weiskirchen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C526316:CCN2 protein, rat; D019332:Endothelin-1; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D051785:Smad Proteins; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; C000625843:Tgfbr1 protein, rat