title: Family rearing antecedents of pubertal timing.
abstract: Two general evolutionary hypotheses were tested on 756 White children (397 girls) studied longitudinally: (1) rearing experiences would predict pubertal timing; and (2) children would prove differentially susceptible to rearing. Analysis of pubertal measurements, including some based on repeated physical assessments, showed that mothering and fathering, earlier and later in childhood, predicted pubertal development, but only for girls, with negative parenting appearing most influential; maternal harsh control predicted earlier menarche. Rearing effects varied by infant negative emotionality, proving stronger (and opposite) for girls who in infancy were lower rather than higher in negativity. Maternal menarche, controlled in all analyses, was a stronger predictor than rearing. Findings are discussed in terms of theory development, genetic and nutritional influences, and sample restrictions.
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Study of Children, Families and Social Issues, Birkbeck University of London, UK. j.belsky@bbk.ac.uk
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belsky
authors.forename: Laurence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: Renate M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Houts
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Ganie
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: DeHart
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cauffman
authors.forename: Glenn I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Roisman
authors.forename: Bonnie L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Halpern-Felsher
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Susman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005219:Father-Child Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008572:Menarche / Q000523:psychology; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009769:Object Attachment; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D011627:Puberty / Q000523:psychology*; D013694:Temperament