title: Control of the triceps surae during the postural sway of quiet standing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigated how the triceps surae are controlled at the spinal level during the naturally occurring postural sway of quiet standing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects stood on a force platform as electrical stimuli were applied to the posterior tibial nerve when the center of pressure (COP) was either 1.6 standard deviations anterior (COP(ant)) or posterior (COP(post)) to the mean baseline COP signal. Peak-to-peak amplitudes of the H-reflex and M-wave from the soleus (SOL) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles were recorded to assess the efficacy of the Ia pathway.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant increase in the H(max) : M(max) ratio for both the SOL (12 +/- 6%) and MG (23 +/- 6%) was observed during the COP(ant) as compared to the COP(post) condition. The source of the modulation between COP conditions cannot be determined from this study. However, the observed changes in the synaptic efficacy of the Ia pathway are unlikely to be simply a result of an altered level of background electromyographic activity in the triceps surae. This was indicated by the lack of differences observed in the H(max) : M(max) ratio when subjects stood without postural sway (via the use of a tilt table) at two levels of background activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is suggested that the phase-dependent modulation of the triceps surae H-reflexes during the postural sway of quiet standing functions to maintain upright stance and may explain the results from previous studies, which, until now, had not taken the influence of postural sway on the H-reflex into consideration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Tokuno
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thorstensson
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Garland
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Cresswell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006181:H-Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture; D013848:Thigh