title: Confirmatory factor analysis in osteopathic medicine: fascial and spinal motion restrictions as correlates of muscle spasticity in children with cerebral palsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While numerous measures are available to assist physicians in assessing patients with cerebral palsy, there is a paucity of instruments that capture data relevant to osteopathic assessment. The lack of such tools limits the reach of research in key osteopathic indicators.
  
  
  METHODS
  A structured objective form designed to assist osteopathic physicians in the evaluation of fascial restriction, restriction of spinal motion, and muscle spasticity was developed for use during osteopathic musculoskeletal structural examinations. Data were collected as part of a larger study investigating the effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment versus acupuncture in children with cerebral palsy. In the present study, confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the relationships between fascial and spinal motion restrictions in addition to spasticity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 57 children with spastic cerebral palsy, latent factors for fascial restrictions and spinal motion restriction fit the data well and both factors were correlated with a visual analog scale rating of the child's muscle spasticity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide preliminary evidence for the factorial and concurrent validity of fascial and spinal motion restrictions, demonstrating the benefits of an instrument for assessing the results of osteopathic musculoskeletal structural examinations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA. mfd@u.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Melinda F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Worden
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clawson
authors.forename: F John
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Meaney
authors.forename: Burris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duncan
mesh_terms: D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D005152:Facial Muscles; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D026301:Manipulation, Osteopathic; D009128:Muscle Spasticity; D010021:Osteopathic Medicine; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular