title: In vivo MRI volumetric measurement of prostate regression and growth in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mouse models for treatment of late-stage prostate cancer are valuable tools, but assessing the extent of growth of the prostate and particularly its regression due to therapeutic intervention or castration is difficult due to the location, small size and interdigitated anatomy of the prostate gland in situ. Temporal monitoring of mouse prostate regression requires multiple animals and examination of histological sections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Initially, T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on normal year-old C57/BL6 mice. Individual mice were repeatedly imaged using inhalation anesthesia to establish the reproducibility of the method and to follow hormone manipulation of the prostate volume. Subsequently, MRI fat signal was suppressed using a chemical shift-selective (CHESS) pulse to avoid signal contamination and enhance discrimination of the prostate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High field (7T) MRI provides high resolution (117 x 117 microm in plane), highly reproducible images of the normal mouse prostate. Despite long imaging times, animals can be imaged repeatedly to establish reliability of volume measurements. Prostate volume declines following castration and subsequently returns to normal with androgen administration in the same animal. CHESS imaging allowed discrimination of both the margins of the prostate and the dorsal-lateral lobes of the prostate (DLP) from the ventral lobes (VP). Castration results in a 40% reduction in the volume of the DLP and a 75% reduction in the volume of the VP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI assessment of the volume of the mouse prostate is precise and reproducible. MRI improves volumetric determination of the extent of regression and monitoring of the same mouse over time during the course of treatment is possible. Since assessing groups of animals at each time point is avoided, this improves the accuracy of the measurement of any manipulation effect and reduces the number of animals required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. knasituk@uci.edu <knasituk@uci.edu>
authors.forename: Kent L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Nastiuk
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamamura
authors.forename: L Tugan
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Muftuler
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nalcioglu
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Krolewski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009919:Orchiectomy; D009929:Organ Size; D011467:Prostate / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology