title: Response of monocytes exposed to phagocytosable particles and discs of comparable surface roughness.
abstract: This in vitro study characterized the temporal cytokine expression profile from human monocytes exposed to phagocytosable Ti particles (0.78+/-0.12 microm) and to Ti discs of comparable surface roughness. Human THP-1 monocytes were cultured in six well tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) plates. Each well was either bare, contained Ti particles (the particles were clearly engulfed by the monocytes), or contained a Ti disc. Half of the wells were treated with 1 microg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while the other half were left unstimulated. Unstimulated and LPS-stimulated cells in bare wells were the negative and positive controls, respectively. Supernatant was sampled from each well at 1, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h and assayed for the expression of nine different cytokines using a Luminex system. Three cytokines (IL-1beta, GM-CSF and IL-13) gave little to no response under all conditions, while six cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, MIP-1alpha, MCP-1, VEGF, and IL-1ra) were clearly detectable. Expression levels generally increased with culture time, particle concentration, and LPS stimulation. Most significantly, it was found that cells treated by Ti discs produced in many instances a higher cytokine expression than did particles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 136 Hudson Hall, Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
authors.forename: Dong-Hwan
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Matt T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: Minkyu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Reichert
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D014025:Titanium