title: Endoscopic ultrasound in esophageal carcinoma: comparison with multislice computed tomography and importance in the clinical decision making process.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As resective surgery for oesophageal carcinoma is only appropriate for a selected cohort of patients, preoperative staging plays an important role in the management of these patients. This study assessed the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) staging in comparison with computerised tomography (CT) staging and the impact of EUS in management of patients with oesophageal carcinoma undergoing gastro-esophagectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six consecutive patients with oesophageal carcinoma underwent preoperative staging with multislice CT and EUS. Of these, 50 patients underwent gastro-esophagectomy, allowing preoperative staging data from these imaging modalities to be compared to postoperative histopathological staging, classified according to the TNM system. Management plans for these patients made without use of EUS were then compared to those following EUS staging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall accuracy rate of EUS for T staging was 64%, showing good agreement with postoperative histopathological staging of the resected specimen (weighted k=0.42, 95%CI= 0.32-0.52). In terms of clinical decision making, the T stage accuracy rose to 90% when differentiating T1 from T2/3 lesions. In terms of N staging, the overall accuracy was 72% (weighted k=0.44, 95% CI=0.34-0.54). In comparison, N staging by CT was significantly less accurate (62% vs 72%, P<0.01, chi squared) and showed poor agreement with postoperative histopathological nodal staging (weighted k=0.24, 95%CI =0.11-0.37). Importantly, in 56% of patients, staging information obtained from EUS instigated change in management compared to that configured without EUS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EUS enhances preoperative staging of oesophageal cancer and is important in preoperative clinical decision making process, especially with increasing use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK. narain.moorjani@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moorjani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Junemann-Ramirez
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Judd
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rahamim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D019160:Endosonography; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000379:methods; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome