title: Surface modification of silicone intraocular lens by 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphoryl-choline binding to reduce Staphylococcus epidermidis adherence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the in vitro adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis to the 2-methacryloyl oxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-modified silicone intraocular lens (IOL).
  
  
  METHODS
  The test IOLs were modified by using an air plasma treatment to bind MPC to the surface. The control IOLs were not modified. Chemical changes on the IOL surface were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to confirm the covalent binding of MPC. IOL hydrophilicity was determined by measuring the water contact angle. Two different techniques, direct counting of viable adherent bacteria released by sonication, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were used to observe and compare the adherence of S. epidermidis to the IOLs after 1- and 18-h incubation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  XPS analysis confirmed that the test IOLs were surface-modified with MPC. The hydrophilicity of the IOLs was improved by surface modification, and the MPC-modified IOLs exhibited significantly reduced adhesion of S. epidermidis (P = 0.002) after an incubation period of 1 h. The SEM results showed that the MPC modification also suppressed the accumulation of bacteria and biofilm production after 18 h incubation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MPC-modified hydrophilic silicone IOLs reduce bacterial adherence and colonization, and thus may help reduce the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis.
authors.affiliation: Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Dan
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Zhi-Kang
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000517:prevention & control; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular / Q000382:microbiology*; D008689:Methacrylates; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D008689:Methacrylates; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; C070638:2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine