title: Loss of independence in Katz's ADL ability in connection with an acute hospitalization: early clinical markers in French older people.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The preservation of autonomy and the ability of elderly to carry out the basic activities of daily living, beyond the therapeutic care of any pathologies, appears as one of the main objectives of care during hospitalization.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify early clinical markers associated with the loss of independence in elderly people in short stay hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among the 1,306 subjects making up the prospective and multicenter SAFEs cohort study (Sujet Agé Fragile: Evolution et suivi-Frail elderly subjects, evaluation and follow-up), 619 medical inpatients, not disabled at baseline and hospitalized through an emergency department were considered. Data used in a multinomial logistic regression were obtained through a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) conducted in the first week of hospitalization. Dependency levels were assessed at baseline, at inclusion and at 30 days using Katz's ADL index. Baseline was defined as the dependence level before occurrence of the event motivating hospitalization. To limit the influence of rehabilitation on the level of dependence, only stays shorter than 30 days were considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 514 patients were eligible, 15 died and 90 were still hospitalized at end point (n = 619). Two-thirds of subjects were women, with a mean age of 83. At day 30 162 patients (31%) were not disabled; 61 (12%) were moderately disabled and 291 severely disabled (57%). No socio-demographic variables seemed to influence the day 30 dependence level. Lack of autonomy (odds ratio (OR) = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2-3.6), walking difficulties (OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.3-5.6), fall risk (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.3-6.8) and malnutrition risk (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.5-7.6) were found in multifactorial analysis to be clinical markers for loss of independence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Beyond considerations on the designing of preventive policies targeting the populations at risk that have been identified here, the identification of functional factors (lack of autonomy, walking difficulties, risk of falling) suggests above all that consideration needs to be given to the organization per se of the French geriatric hospital care system, and in particular to the relevance of maintaining sector-type segregation between wards for care of acute care and those involved in rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Hospital of Trois-Chêne, University Hospitals of Geneva, Chemin du Pont-Bochet 3, Thônex-Genève, 1226 Geneva, Switzerland. Pierre.O.Lang@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: Pierre-Olivier
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heitz
authors.forename: Moustapha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dramé
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jovenin
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ankri
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Somme
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Novella
authors.forename: Jean-Bernard
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Gauvain
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Couturier
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lanièce
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Voisin
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Wazières
authors.forename: Régis
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonthier
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jeandel
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jolly
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Saint-Jean
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blanchard
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D011446:Prospective Studies