title: Clinical features of temporal tip epidural hematomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this paper was to clarify the clinical features of temporal tip epidural hematomas (EDHs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was conducted for 53 patients who had suffered an EDH. They were divided into two groups, those whose hematoma occurred in the temporal tip (23 patients) and others (30 patients). The following variables were analyzed: age, sex, Glasgow Coma Scale score, systolic blood pressure on admission, Injury Severity Score, incidence of hematomas in intracerebral regions, location of skull fracture, incidence of cranial nerve injury, type of operation, and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score at 3 months postinjury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A greater incidence of zygomatic arch or lateral orbital cavity fracture was found in the "temporal tip" group than in the "other" group. There was a greater incidence of cranial nerve injury in the temporal tip (26.0%) than in the other group (6.6%; p < 0.05). Surgery to treat the EDH was more frequently performed in the other group (36.6%) than in the temporal tip group (two patients, 8.6%; p = 0.01). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the GOS score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A temporal tip hematoma is not a rare injury among patients with EDHs. This hematoma tends to be induced by lateral orbital cavity and/or zygomatic arch fractures. It tends to be associated with cranial nerve injury, but it rarely requires an operation. The outcome of patients with this hematoma depends on the associated intracerebral lesions, thus indicating it to be similar to an EDH in other places.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan. yanagawa@ndmc.ac.jp
authors.forename: Youichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yanagawa
authors.forename: Toshihisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020209:Cranial Nerve Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006407:Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed