title: Screening for posttraumatic stress disorder in VA primary care patients with depression symptoms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Unrecognized posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common and may be an important factor in treatment-resistant depression. Brief screens for PTSD have not been evaluated for patients with depression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to evaluate a 4-item screen for PTSD in patients with depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline data from a depression study were used to evaluate sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios (LRs) using the PTSD checklist (PCL-17) as the reference standard.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects are 398 depressed patients seen in Veterans Affairs (VA) primary care clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) for depression, PCL-17, and 4-item screen for PTSD were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients had a mean PHQ score of 14.8 (SD 3.7). Using a conservative PCL-17 cut point "(>50)", the prevalence of PTSD was 37%. PCL-17 scores were strongly associated with PHQ scores (r = 0.59, P < 0.001). Among the 342 (86%) patients endorsing trauma, a score of 0 on the remaining 3 symptom items had a LR = 0.21, score of 1 a LR = .62, score of 2 a LR = 1.36, and score of 3 a LR = 4.38.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most depressed VA primary care patients report a history of trauma, and one third may have comorbid PTSD. Our 4-item screen has useful LRs for scores of 0 and 3. Modifying item rating options may improve screening characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hospital and Specialty Medicine, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Martha S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gerrity
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Corson
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Dobscha
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*