title: Utility of parametrectomy for early stage cervical cancer treated with radical hysterectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Removal of the parametrial soft tissue is recommended for patients with cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy. Parametrectomy results in significant morbidity. The objective of the study was to determine factors predictive of parametrial tumor spread and to define a subset of patients at low risk for parametrial disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with invasive cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy from 1989-2005 were examined. Analysis was performed to determine factors associated with parametrial tumor spread. Survival estimates were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 594 patients were identified. Parametrial metastases were documented in 64 (10.8%). Factors associated with parametrial disease were: histology, advanced grade, deep cervical invasion, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), large tumor size, advanced stage, uterine or vaginal involvement, and pelvic or para-aortic lymph node metastases (P < .0001 for each). Parametrial metastases were associated with increased risk of recurrence and decreased disease-free and overall survivals (P < .0001). A subgroup analysis was performed to identify patients at low risk for parametrial spread. In pelvic node-negative women parametrial disease was noted in 6.0% (30/498) compared with 47.9% (34 of 71) of those with positive pelvic nodes (P < .0001). If further stratified to women with negative nodes, no LVSI, and tumors < 2 cm, the incidence of parametrial disease was only 0.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parametrial spread is a strong predictor of recurrence and decreased survival. Parametrial invasion is rare in patients with small tumors, no LVSI, and negative pelvic nodes (no poor prognostic factors). Further study is warranted to determine the feasibility of omitting parametrectomy in these low-risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA. jw2459@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Perry W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Grigsby
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Randall K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gibb
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Janet S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rader
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Mutch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*