title: Chitosan and trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC) as adjuvants for inducing immune responses to ovalbumin in mice following nasal administration.
abstract: Chitosan of different molecular weights (Chi-P, MW=2.7x10(5) g/mol and Chi-A, MW=5.0x10(5) g/mol) and trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC) of various degree of quaternization (DQ) including TMC-20, TMC-40 and TMC-60 were evaluated as adjuvants for inducing of immune responses to ovalbumin (OVA). OVA in solution and in alum were used as controls. Groups of BALB/c mice were immunized on days 0, 7 and 14. The IgG and IgA titers were examined on days 0, 13 and 21. It was found that for both days 13 and 21, Chi-A could elicit higher IgG responses to OVA than Chi-P. On day 13, OVA in TMC-40 induced IgG responses significantly higher than that in solution, Chi-P and TMC-60. Moreover, OVA in TMC-40 could induce IgG responses higher than OVA in alum. Although a significant difference was not observed at day 21, OVA in TMC-40 was shown to induce higher IgG responses than that in TMC-20, TMC-60 and solution. The IgA responses were the most pronounced on day 21. Again, Chi-A could elicite higher IgA responses than Chi-P and TMC-40 induced the highest IgA responses. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that both MW of chitosan and DQ of TMC influence the level of immune induction. TMC-40 shows to be the most potent adjuvant for intranasal administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Worawan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Boonyo
authors.forename: Hans E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Junginger
authors.forename: Neti
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Waranuch
authors.forename: Assadang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polnok
authors.forename: Tasana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pitaksuteepong
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D048271:Chitosan / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C118071:N-trimethyl chitosan chloride; D010047:Ovalbumin; D048271:Chitosan