title: Elevated blood lead levels of children in Guiyu, an electronic waste recycling town in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Electronic waste (e-waste) recycling has remained primitive in Guiyu, China, and thus may contribute to the elevation of blood lead levels (BLLs) in children living in the local environment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We compared the BLLs in children living in the e-waste recycling town of Guiyu with those living in the neighboring town of Chendian.
  
  
  METHODS
  We observed the processing of e-waste recycling in Guiyu and studied BLLs in a cluster sample of 226 children < 6 years of age who lived in Guiyu and Chendian. BLLs were determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Hemoglobin (Hgb) and physical indexes (height and weight, head and chest circumferences) were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BLLs in 165 children of Guiyu ranged from 4.40 to 32.67 microg/dL with a mean of 15.3 microg/dL, whereas BLLs in 61 children of Chendian were from 4.09 to 23.10 microg/dL with a mean of 9.94 microg/dL. Statistical analyses showed that children living in Guiyu had significantly higher BLLs compared with those living in Chendian (p < 0.01). Of children in Guiyu, 81.8% (135 of 165) had BLLs > 10 microg/dL, compared with 37.7% of children (23 of 61) in Chendian (p < 0.01). In addition, we observed a significant increasing trend in BLLs with increasing age in Guiyu (p < 0.01). It appeared that there was correlation between the BLLs in children and numbers of e-waste workshops. However, no significant difference in Hgb level or physical indexes was found between the two towns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The primitive e-waste recycling activities may contribute to the elevated BLLs in children living in Guiyu.
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory and the Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China. xhuo@stu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Xijin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Liangkai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Zongli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Bao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Zhongxian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Piao
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D004581:Electronics; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007223:Infant; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D007854:Lead