title: Treatment options for the management of perennial allergic rhinitis, with a focus on intranasal corticosteroids.
abstract: Perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) can have a significant impact on a patient's quality of life. While allergen avoidance is the first line of management for PAR, complete avoidance is difficult. Therapeutic options available for PAR include intranasal corticosteroids (INS), H1-antihistamines, decongestants and local chromones, as well as immunotherapy. For mild symptoms, INS and antihistamines are the standard of care, whereas for moderate-to-severe PAR, INS are the preferred therapy due to their proven efficacy. Patient quality of life and therapy preference play a role in maintaining adherence to treatment.
authors.affiliation: Cabarrus Family Medicine Residency Program, Charlotte, NC 28226, USA. OzDoc@aol.com
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Brunton
authors.forename: Leonard M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fromer
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011788:Quality of Life; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists