title: Effect of bolus size on chewing, swallowing, oral soft tissue and tongue movement.
abstract: Simultaneous 3D articulograph and ultrasonograph techniques were used to monitor the chewing, swallowing, oral soft tissue and tongue movements of six subjects whilst consuming varying numbers (1, 2 and 4) of a confectionery product. Modifying the number of confectionery units had a variable effect on chewing, swallowing and oral soft tissue movements during the start of the chewing sequence. The distance, range and velocity of chin movement were significantly lower when 1 confectionery unit was consumed compared with 2 and 4 during the middle stage of the chewing sequence. Significant differences in modioli movement were observed during the initial stages of chewing allowing the identification of a working and non-working side, whilst no differences in thyroid cartilage movement were noted over the whole chewing sequence. Increasing the number of confectionery units caused a significant increase in the index of tongue movement during the end of the eating sequence, although the mean index of tongue movement over the total chewing sequence remained constant. Jaw movement correlated with tongue movement, where for all samples, gape decreased linearly as the chewing sequence progressed, reflected in a similar decline in the index of tongue movement. The lack of differences in the index of tongue movement observed over the start and middle of the chewing sequence as a consequence of the number of confectionery units consumed suggested that the change in the physical properties of the bolus had a greater effect on the index of tongue movement than the change in bolus size.
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Sciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blissett
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Prinz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wulfert
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hort
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena / Q000295:instrumentation; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D017709:Fractals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication / Q000502:physiology*; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010316:Particle Size; D013997:Time Factors; D014059:Tongue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D014463:Ultrasonography