title: Crural tunica albuginea autograft for corporoplasty: an experimental animal study of hemodynamic, histopathological, and molecular effects in the long term.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Correction of penile deformity caused by Peyronie's disease by a variety of grafts varies in success. A long-term follow-up shows a significant number of graft scarring and erectile dysfunction. The clinical success of autologous crural tunica albuginea graft (TAG) has not resulted in wide application.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify in healthy baboons the limitations and merits of autologous crural TAG over 1 year in a way difficult to pursue in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Under general anesthesia, eight sexually active adult baboons underwent pharmacological cavernosometry (CM) and cavernosography. TAG from crus was implanted in the distal penile shaft. After 6 months, six animals were reevaluated and two were sacrificed, and the penises were excised. After 1 year, the remaining six animals were evaluated and sacrificed. The TAG and underlying corpus cavernosum (CC) were examined histologically and by Western blot analysis for nitric oxide synthase (NOS), neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) isoforms, and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sexual activity, CM, cavernosography, histopathology, and Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All animals resumed normal sexual activity 1 month postsurgery. Cavernous pressure was comparable before, at 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. A cavernovenous insufficiency developed in four animals at 6 months, and ceased in two at 1 year. Penile angulation (<20 degrees) was seen in three animals at 6 months, and an additional two at 1 year. Histologically, TAG was indistinguishable from the adjacent tunica with no fibrosis. In CC, iNOS and nNOS decreased at 1 year, whereas there was no change in TGF-beta1 levels. In TAG, there was no significant change in TGF-beta1 and eNOS levels, but there was a significant decrease in iNOS at 1 year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autologous free TAG is associated with normal sexual activity, minimal hemodynamic changes, excellent histological outcome, and no rise in iNOS or TGF-beta1. However, cavernovenous insufficiency, mild penile angulation, and decreased nNOS persisted at 1 year.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. rmseyam@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Raouf M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Seyam
authors.forename: Alaa A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mokhtar
authors.forename: Muhammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chishti
authors.forename: Maqbool
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Walid A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Mourad
authors.forename: Raafat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: El-Sayed
authors.forename: Kamal A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hanash
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006439:Hemodynamics; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D010215:Papio; D010411:Penile Induration / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010413:Penis / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D012704:Serous Membrane / Q000637:transplantation*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase