title: Extent of nerve cell injury in Marmarou's model compared to other brain trauma models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the extent of nerve cell injury in the Marmarou's acceleration impact model of diffuse brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sensitive markers for cell injury including immunostaining for beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP, a marker for diffuse axonal injury, DAI), Fluoro-Jade (FJ) histochemistry and electron microscopy (EM) were used in sham-operated and traumatized brains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  APP immunostaining confirmed and extended previous findings of DAI in association and subcortical fiber systems in the white matter after injury. Increasing FJ labeling of neurons in layers II-III of sensorimotor cortex (smCx) from 4 to 48 hours after trauma and scattered labeled cells were found in the lower cortical layers. EM confirmed the presence of dystrophic pyramidal neurons in layers II-III of smCx 24 and 48 hours post-trauma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, the data revealed significant nerve cell injury without apparent cell death in this model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Scott Hall, Room No. 9312, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. jrafols@med.wayne.edu
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rafols
authors.forename: Randy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Srinivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kallakuri
authors.forename: Christian W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kreipke
mesh_terms: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D016923:Cell Death; D020833:Diffuse Axonal Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005452:Fluoresceins; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014855:Wallerian Degeneration / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D005452:Fluoresceins; D009930:Organic Chemicals; C435731:fluoro jade