title: Heart-specific inhibition of protooncogene c-myc attenuates cold-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
abstract: The protooncogene c-myc is involved in the regulation of cell growth. Although increased c-Myc expression is found in hypertrophied hearts, the role of c-Myc in the development of cardiac hypertrophy (CH) has never been determined. The aim of this study was to test the effect of heart-specific inhibition of c-Myc expression on the development of cold-induced cardiac hypertrophy (CICH). We hypothesized that heart-specific inhibition of c-Myc expression attenuates CICH. We constructed c-Myc antisense (c-MycAS) plasmid and green fluorescent protein (GFP) plasmid driven by a heart-specific promoter, alpha-myosin heavy chain (MHC). The cell culture study indicated that c-MycAS can effectively inhibit c-Myc expression and that GFP can express in the rat heart cells. Four groups of rats were used to test the effect of in vivo inhibition of cardiac c-Myc expression on the development of CICH. Three groups received an intravenous injection of c-MycAS, GFP and buffer, respectively, at the beginning of exposure to moderate cold (6.7 degrees C), while the last group received buffer and was kept at room temperature (25 degrees C) to serve as a control. Blood pressure (BP) of the cold-exposed groups receiving buffer or GFP increased significantly, whereas BP of the c-MycAS group did not increase until 28 days after exposure to cold. Thus, c-MycAS delayed and attenuated cold-induced hypertension (CIH). The antihypertensive effect of c-MycAS was probably due to the decreased cardiac output. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the in vivo left ventricle wall thickness of cold-exposed rats was decreased significantly by c-MycAS. Consistently, the cold-induced increase in heart weight was attenuated by inhibition of cardiac c-Myc expression. The heart specificity of alpha-MHC promoter was confirmed by the selective inhibition of c-Myc expression in the heart and by the selective expression of both GFP mRNA and GFP protein in the heart. Heart-specific inhibition of c-Myc expression attenuated the development of CICH. The increased c-Myc expression may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of CICH. Thus, heart-specific inhibition of c-Myc expression may be a new and effective approach for the control of CH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73190, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bello Roufai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001835:Body Weight; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D048429:Cell Size; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D015870:Gene Expression; D016259:Genes, myc; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009929:Organ Size; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D024723:Ventricular Myosins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D024723:Ventricular Myosins