title: The VIOXX in Prostate Cancer Prevention study: cardiovascular events observed in the rofecoxib 25 mg and placebo treatment groups.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was designed to determine the cumulative incidence of developing prostate cancer over 6 years of treatment with rofecoxib 25 mg/day versus placebo. Before completion, this trial was terminated following the voluntary withdrawal of rofecoxib. (On September 30, 2004, Merck & Co., Inc. announced the voluntary worldwide withdrawal of rofecoxib from the market.) Here we report the cardiovascular (CV) safety data collected from this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 4741 men (44-81 years old) exhibiting prostate-specific antigen levels (PSA) between 2.5 and 10 ng/mL were enrolled. Patients were stratified by PSA level and use of low-dose aspirin (LDA), then randomized to rofecoxib 25 mg (n = 2369) or placebo (n = 2372). Safety data were analyzed in all patients receiving > or = 1 dose of study medication. All reported thrombotic CV events occurring on-treatment or within 14 days after study drug discontinuation were adjudicated by an independent panel of clinical experts blinded to treatment assignment. Rates per 100 patient-years and relative risk (RR) of thrombotic CV events, rofecoxib vs. placebo, were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 36% of patients had > or = 2 CV risk factors or LDA indicated. Median treatment duration was 4.14 (range: 0.03-15.90) months. Twenty-nine patients (14 rofecoxib, rate 1.27; 15 placebo, rate 1.36) experienced confirmed thrombotic CV events; RR 0.94 (95% CI: 0.45, 1.94) vs. placebo. Four patients (one rofecoxib; three placebo) died due to a confirmed thrombotic event. Significantly (p = 0.002) more patients receiving rofecoxib (n = 20; 0.8%) experienced hypertension-related adverse events versus placebo (n = 2; 0.1%). There were no cases of congestive heart failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rofecoxib 25 mg and placebo demonstrated similar risk of thrombotic CV events in this limited dataset.
authors.affiliation: Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA. janet_vanadelsberg@merck.com
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Adelsberg
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gann
authors.forename: Amy T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Jan-Erik
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Damber
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Logothetis
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marberger
authors.forename: Bernd J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Schmitz-Drager
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tubaro
authors.forename: Celia J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Harms
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roehrborn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007783:Lactones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013450:Sulfones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007783:Lactones; D010919:Placebos; D013450:Sulfones; C116926:rofecoxib; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen