title: Effect of melatonin on exploration and anxiety in normotensive and hypertensive rats with high activity of renin-angiotensin system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to investigate effects of melatonin (MEL) on exploration and anxiety in normotensive Sprague-Dawley (SD) and hypertensive TGR(mREN2)27 (TGR) rats with high activity of renin-angiotensin system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mature control (n=20) and hypertensive (n=20) rats were used. Half of each group was treated with MEL in drinking water (40 microg/ml) for 3 weeks. The influence of MEL on exploration was measured in the open field test (OF) and on anxiety in the elevated plus maze test (EPM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypertensive TGR rats showed a lower level of ambulation (p<0.05) and higher level of urination (p<0.001) in OF. In EPM they spent more time in closed arms (p<0.05) and showed low frequency of total arm entries (p<0.01) than SD rats. MEL treated SD rats exhibited increased ambulation (p<0.01), sniffing (p<0.05) and decreased creeping (p<0.05) in OF than SD controls and did not exhibit differences in behaviour observed in EPM. MEL treated TGR rats exhibited a decrease in creeping, defecation and urination (p<0.05) in OF and spent less time in closed arms (p<0.05) and increased frequency of total arm entries (p<0.05) in EPM than untreated TGR animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that MEL decreased anxiety related behaviours in hypertensive rats with an up regulated renin-angiotensin system and stimulated active exploration of control animals.
authors.affiliation: Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Science, Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Bratislava, Slovakia. krskova@fns.uniba.sk
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krsková
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vrabcová
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012083:Renin / Q000235:genetics*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012083:Renin; D008550:Melatonin