title: The repeated extracorporeal shock waves and the renal parenchyma injury on normal and diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of repeated extracorporeal shock waves (ESW) on renal parenchyma of normal and diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 normal rats (A) and 40 diabetic rats (B) were assigned for ESW (Direx Tripter X1 - 14 KVA) as follow: A1/B1 and A3/B3 no ESW; A2/B2 one ESW (2,000 SW); A4/B4 two ESW (4,000 SW) in an elapsed 14 days. All the animals were sacrificed 3 days after the ESW and samples of renal parenchyma were histological prepared, stained by H&E. For each animal the frequency of hemorrhage focus (HF) in the subcapsular, interstitial and glomerulus area was calculated (percentage) on 20 randomly histological sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No one HF was identified in all normal or diabetic animals without ESW (A1, A3 and B1, B3). In the normal rats the HF frequency was similar to one ESW (subcapsular =15%; interstitial =20% and glomerular =10%) or repeated ESW (subcapsular =25%; interstitial =20%; glomerular=10%). In diabetic rats the occurrence of HF with repeated ESW was more frequent (subcapsular =40%; interstitial =30% and glomerular =10%) than with a single ESW (subcapsular =25%; interstitial =15% and glomerular =15%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single ESW or a repeated ESW caused a mild and similar damage on renal cortex of normal rats. In diabetic rats the repeated ESW may result in an accumulated damage, especially with focus of hemorrhage in subcapsular and interstitial tissue and glomerulus edema.
authors.affiliation: State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vicente Massaji
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Kira
authors.forename: Djalma José
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Fagundes
authors.forename: César Orlando Peralta
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Bandeira
authors.forename: Anna Tereza Negrini
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Fagundes
authors.forename: Valdemar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ortiz
mesh_terms: D000496:Alloxan; D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000496:Alloxan