title: Physiological differences between human and rat primary hepatocytes in response to liver X receptor activation by 3-[3-[N-(2-chloro-3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-(2,2-diphenylethyl)amino]propyloxy]phenylacetic acid hydrochloride (GW3965).
abstract: The liver is central to the maintenance of glucose and lipid homeostasis, and liver X receptors (LXRs) are key regulators of expression of the genes involved. So far, effects of activation of LXR in human hepatocytes have not been well characterized. Here we show that treatment of primary human hepatocytes with the synthetic LXR ligand 3-[3-[N-(2-chloro-3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-(2,2-diphenylethyl)amino]propyloxy]phenylacetic acid hydrochloride (GW3965) results in reduced output of bile acids and very low density lipoprotein triglycerides and induced expression of adipose differentiation-related protein accompanied by increased lipid storage. Genome wide-expression profiling identified novel human LXR target genes in the glycolytic and lipogenic pathways and indicated that LXR activation reduced hepatic insulin sensitivity. Comparative experiments showed significant differences in the response to GW3965 between human and rat hepatocytes, raising the question as to how well rodent models reflect the human situation. In summary, the risk of hepatic steatosis upon pharmaceutical targeting of LXR may be a particularly serious consequence in humans.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, S-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kotokorpi
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parini
authors.forename: Lisa-Mari
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Strom
authors.forename: Knut R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Steffensen
authors.forename: Jan-Ake
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: Agneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mode
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001596:Benzylamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008024:Ligands; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D051381:Rats; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D001596:Benzylamines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C473027:GW 3965; D007328:Insulin; D008024:Ligands; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear