title: Protective effects of ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, and notoginsenoside R1 on lipopolysaccharide-induced microcirculatory disturbance in rat mesentery.
abstract: Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), and notoginsenoside R1 (R1) are major active components of Panax notoginseng, a Chinese herb that is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to enhance blood circulation and dissipate blood stasis. To evaluate the effect of these saponins on microcirculatory disturbance induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), vascular hemodynamics in rat mesentery was observed continuously during their administration using an inverted microscope and a high speed video camera system. LPS administration decreased red blood cell velocity but Rb1, Rg1, and R1 attenuated this effect. LPS administration caused leukocyte adhesion to the venular wall, mast cell degranulation, and the release of cytokines. Rb1, Rg1, and R1 reduced the number of adherent leukocytes, and inhibited mast cell degranulation and cytokine elevation. In vitro experiments using flow cytometry further demonstrated that a) the LPS-enhanced expression of CD11b/CD18 by neutrophils was significantly depressed by Rb1 and R1, and b) hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) release from neutrophils in response to LPS stimulation was inhibited by treatment with Rg1 and R1. These results suggest that the protective effect of Rb1 and R1 against leukocyte adhesion elicited by LPS may be associated with their suppressive action on the expression of CD11b/CD18 by neutrophils. The protective effect against mast cell degranulation by Rb1 and R1, and the blunting of H(2)O(2) release from neutrophils by Rg1 and R1 suggest mechanistic diversity in the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins in the attenuation of microcirculatory disturbance induced by LPS.
authors.affiliation: Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Chuan-She
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.forename: Su-Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lian-Yi
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ji-Ying
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jing-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Jing-Yan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D015550:Cell Degranulation / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012212:Rheology; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014699:Venules / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D039481:CD11b Antigen; D016207:Cytokines; D036145:Ginsenosides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C442759:ginsenoside Rb1; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1; C072936:notoginsenoside R1