Determinants for DNA target structure selectivity of the human LINE-1 retrotransposon endonuclease.
The human LINE-1 endonuclease (L1-EN) is the targeting endonuclease encoded by the human LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposon. L1-EN guides the genomic integration of new L1 and Alu elements that presently account for approximately 28% of the human genome. L1-EN bears considerable technological interest, because its target selectivity may ultimately be engineered to allow the site-specific integration of DNA into defined genomic locations. Based on the crystal structure, we generated L1-EN mutants to analyze and manipulate DNA target site recognition. Crystal structures and their dynamic and functional analysis show entire loop grafts to be feasible, resulting in altered specificity, while individual point mutations do not change the nicking pattern of L1-EN. Structural parameters of the DNA target seem more important for recognition than the nucleotide sequence, and nicking profiles on DNA oligonucleotides in vitro are less well defined than the respective integration site consensus in vivo. This suggests that additional factors other than the DNA nicking specificity of L1-EN contribute to the targeted integration of non-LTR retrotransposons.
Repanas
Kostas
K
Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Zingler
Nora
N
Layer
Liliana E
LE
Schumann
Gerald G
GG
Perrakis
Anastassis
A
Weichenrieder
Oliver
O
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002384:Catalysis; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004720:Endonucleases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D020084:Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D017354:Point Mutation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D013379:Substrate Specificity
D004247:DNA; D004720:Endonucleases; C488774:endonuclease L1, human