title: Rosiglitazone sensitizes MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells to anti-tumour effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, CH11 and CYC202.
abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a member of the nuclear hormone superfamily and has multiple endogenous and pharmacological ligands, including 15-deoxy-Delta (12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) and two thiazolidinediones (TZD), rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, which are used clinically to treat type-2 diabetes mellitus. PPARgamma agonists regulate development, cellular growth and metabolism in various tissues and have been documented to decrease cellular proliferation and to induce apoptosis of various tumour phenotypes, including breast cancer. However, the full spectrum of anti-tumour effects occurs only at suprapharmacological doses. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of rosiglitazone-induced anti-tumour effects of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, and used that information to predict rosiglitazone-induced sensitization of breast cancer cells to the effects of other compounds. We first confirmed that 100 microM rosiglitazone, but not lower doses, decreases MDA-MB-231 cell viability in vitro. We then used microarray gene expression analysis to determine early rosiglitazone-induced gene expression changes after 4-h exposure, which included 1298 genes that we grouped into functional categories. We selectively confirmed rosiglitazone-mediated effects on expression of key regulators of breast cancer proliferation and apoptosis, including p53, p21 and Bax. Finally, we used this information to predict that rosiglitazone would sensitize MDA-MB-231 cells to the anti-tumour effects of CH11, which trimerizes Fas, as well as tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Moreover, we used the confirmed array data to predict cooperative activity of rosiglitazone and R-roscovitine (CYC202), an inhibitor of multiple cyclin-dependent kinases. We conclude that microarray analysis can determine early TZD-modulated changes in gene expression that help to predict effective in vitro drug combinations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20037, USA.
authors.forename: Manali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mody
authors.forename: Nachiket
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dharker
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bloomston
authors.forename: Pei-Shan
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fu-Sheng
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Theodore S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Glickman
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McCaffrey
authors.forename: Zhaoqing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pumfery
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ringel
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pinzone
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D047188:Chalcones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics; D011687:Purines / Q000494:pharmacology; D020218:Response Elements / Q000187:drug effects; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000077546:Roscovitine; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C418965:4-dimethylamino-3',4'-dimethoxychalcone; D047188:Chalcones; D047495:PPAR gamma; D011687:Purines; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D000077546:Roscovitine