title: Effect on sleep of posterior hypothalamus stimulation in cluster headache.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the structure and quality of sleep and the circadian rhythm of body core temperature (BcT degrees ) in patients with drug-resistant chronic cluster headache (CH) before and during deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the posterior hypothalamus.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Chronic CH is a severe primary headache and frequently associated with disturbances in sleep. Posterior hypothalamus DBS is performed as an effective treatment of drug-resistant chronic CH. The effects of posterior hypothalamus DBS on sleep and the circadian rhythm of BcT degrees are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three male patients with chronic drug-resistant CH underwent 48-hour consecutive polysomnography (PSG) by means of the VITAPORT system with determination of BcT degrees by means of a rectal probe. Recordings were done before electrode implantation in the posterior hypothalamus and after optimized DBS of posterior hypothalamus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before electrode implantation PSG showed nocturnal CH attacks, reduced sleep efficiency, fragmented sleep and increased periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS). During DBS nocturnal CH attacks were abolished and sleep efficiency and PLMS improved. BcT degrees circadian rhythm was normal both before and during DBS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that DBS of posterior hypothalamus in drug-resistant chronic CH is effective in curtailing nocturnal CH attacks, and is associated with improved sleep structure and quality. Chronic CH displays a normal circadian rhythm of BcT degrees, unchanged during hypothalamic DBS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Ugo Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vetrugno
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pierangeli
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: Gennaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bussone
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franzini
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brogli
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cortelli
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Montagna
mesh_terms: D003027:Cluster Headache / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007034:Hypothalamus, Posterior / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome