title: Correlation of the MIC and dose/MIC ratio of fluconazole to the therapeutic response of patients with mucosal candidiasis and candidemia.
abstract: We report on the correlation of the outcomes for two cohorts of patients who had been treated for candidemia (126 episodes) or oropharyngeal candidiasis (110 episodes) with various doses of fluconazole and the MIC of fluconazole obtained by using the EUCAST standard for fermentative yeasts. Of 145 episodes caused by an isolate with a fluconazole MIC < or =2 mg/liter, 93.7% (136 of 145) responded to fluconazole treatment. The response for those infected with a strain with a MIC of 4 mg/liter was 66% but reached 100% when the dose was greater than 100 mg/day, whereas the response for those infected with strains with MICs > or =8 mg/liter was only 12%. Hence, a MIC of 2 mg/liter or 4 mg/liter was able to predict successful treatment. A cure rate of 93.9% (140 of 149) was achieved when the dose/MIC ratio was > or =100 but fell to 14.6% (16 of 109) when the ratio was less. The dose/MIC required to achieve a response rate of 50% (the 50% effective concentration) was 43.7 for the cohort of patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis. Classification and regression analysis indicated that a dose/MIC of 35.5 was the threshold for the prediction of cure or failure. However, an increase in exposure above this threshold further increased the probability of cure, and all patients were cured when the dose/MIC exceeded 100. Monte Carlo simulations showed a probability of target attainment of 99% at MICs < or =2 mg/liter and a pharmacodynamic target of a dose/MIC ratio of 100, which was equivalent to an unbound fraction of the fluconazole area under the curve versus the MIC of 79.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Micología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra Majadahonda Pozuelo km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain. juanl.rodriguez-tudela@isciiii.es
authors.forename: Juan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Tudela
authors.forename: Benito
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Almirante
authors.forename: Dolors
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Pardo
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laguna
authors.forename: J Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.forename: Johan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mouton
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pahissa
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cuenca-Estrella
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016469:Fungemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000382:microbiology; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013030:Spain; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D015725:Fluconazole