title: Anti beta2-microglobulin monoclonal antibodies induce apoptosis in myeloma cells by recruiting MHC class I to and excluding growth and survival cytokine receptors from lipid rafts.
abstract: We recently showed that monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against beta2-microglobulin (beta2M) have a remarkably strong apoptotic effect on myeloma cells. The mAbs induced apoptosis by recruiting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I to lipid rafts, activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and inhibited phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. Growth and survival cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), which could protect myeloma cells from dexamethasone-induced apoptosis, did not affect mAb-mediated cell death. This study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanisms underlying anti-beta2M mAb-induced PI3K/Akt and ERK inhibition and the inability of IL-6 and IGF-I to protect myeloma cells from mAb-induced apoptosis. We focused on lipid rafts and confirmed that these membrane microdomains are required for IL-6 and IGF-I signaling. By recruiting MHC class I into lipid rafts, anti-beta2M mAbs excluded IL-6 and IGF-I receptors and their substrates from the rafts. The mAbs not only redistributed the receptors in cell membrane, but also abrogated IL-6- or IGF-I-mediated Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3), PI3K/Akt, and Ras/Raf/ERK pathway signaling, which are otherwise constitutively activated in myeloma cells. Thus, this study further defines the tumoricidal mechanism of the mAbs and provides strong evidence to support the potential of these mAbs as therapeutic agents for myeloma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, and Center for Cancer Immunology Research, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jianfei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Larry W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yi
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4