title: Today's and tomorrow's bio-based bulk chemicals from white biotechnology: a techno-economic analysis.
abstract: Little information is yet available on the economic viability of the production of bio-based bulk chemicals and intermediates from white biotechnology (WB). This paper details a methodology to systematically evaluate the techno-economic prospects of present and future production routes of bio-based bulk chemicals produced with WB. Current and future technology routes are evaluated for 15 products assuming prices of fermentable sugar between 70 euro/t and 400 euro/t and crude oil prices of US $25/barrel and US $50/barrel. The results are compared to current technology routes of petrochemical equivalents. For current state-of-the-art WB processes and a crude oil price of US $25/barrel, WB-based ethanol, 1,3-propanediol, polytrimethylene terephthalate and succinic acid are economically viable. Only three WB products are economically not viable for future technology: acetic acid, ethylene and PLA. Future-technology ethylene and PLA become economically viable for a higher crude oil price (US $50/barrel). Production costs plus profits of WB products decrease by 20-50% when changing from current to future technology for a crude oil price of US $25 per barrel and across all sugar prices. Technological progress in WB can thus contribute significantly to improved economic viability of WB products. A large-scale introduction of WB-based production of economically viable bulk chemicals would therefore be desirable if the environmental impacts are smaller than those of current petrochemical production routes.
authors.affiliation: Science, Technology and Society, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands. b.g.hermann@chem.uu.nl
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics; D002617:Chemical Industry / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D005285:Fermentation; D010578:Petroleum / Q000145:classification / Q000191:economics; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics; D019802:Succinic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D010578:Petroleum; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D011409:Propylene Glycols; C041787:1,3-propanediol; C011363:terephthalic acid; D019802:Succinic Acid