title: Treatment of hydrosalpinx in the patient undergoing assisted reproduction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with hydrosalpinx are a recognized group with poor prognosis in in-vitro fertilization. This review presents evidence for the effectiveness of different treatment options.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Theories explaining the mechanisms behind the impaired outcome of in-vitro fertilization still focus on the hydrosalpingeal fluid. Gamete and embryotoxic effects have been demonstrated, but it is not a consistent finding. Endometrial receptivity may be altered by the reduced expression of cytokines and integrins important to implantation, and reduced endometrial and subendometrial blood flows may play a role. The rationale for treatments to improve the results of in-vitro fertilization is based on interruption of the leakage of hydrosalpinx fluid into the uterine cavity. Laparoscopic salpingectomy has been evaluated in a large randomized trial and proved effective in restoring birth rates. Proximal tubal ligation may also be effective according to one smaller randomized trial. Other suggested methods such as transvaginal drainage have been poorly investigated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-in-vitro fertilization salpingectomy is the only method that has proved effective in restoring birth rates in patients with hydrosalpinx. The underlying mechanism explaining reduced implantation and embryo development awaits further research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Göteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden. annika.strandell@medfak.gu.se
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strandell
mesh_terms: D005184:Fallopian Tube Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011379:Prognosis; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; D012489:Salpingostomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome