title: Ethylene regulates root growth through effects on auxin biosynthesis and transport-dependent auxin distribution.
abstract: In plants, each developmental process integrates a network of signaling events that are regulated by different phytohormones, and interactions among hormonal pathways are essential to modulate their effect. Continuous growth of roots results from the postembryonic activity of cells within the root meristem that is controlled by the coordinated action of several phytohormones, including auxin and ethylene. Although their interaction has been studied intensively, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this interplay are unknown. We show that the effect of ethylene on root growth is largely mediated by the regulation of the auxin biosynthesis and transport-dependent local auxin distribution. Ethylene stimulates auxin biosynthesis and basipetal auxin transport toward the elongation zone, where it activates a local auxin response leading to inhibition of cell elongation. Consistently, in mutants affected in auxin perception or basipetal auxin transport, ethylene cannot activate the auxin response nor regulate the root growth. In addition, ethylene modulates the transcription of several components of the auxin transport machinery. Thus, ethylene achieves a local activation of the auxin signaling pathway and regulates root growth by both stimulating the auxin biosynthesis and by modulating the auxin transport machinery.
authors.affiliation: Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Růzicka
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ljung
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vanneste
authors.forename: Radka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Podhorská
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beeckman
authors.forename: Jirí
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Friml
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Benková
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D018519:Meristem / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D005030:Ethylenes; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; C036216:ethylene