title: In vitro antioxidant activity of coffee compounds and their metabolites.
abstract: In this paper we report the antioxidant activity of different compounds which are present in coffee or are produced as a result of the metabolism of this beverage. In vitro methods such as the ABTS*+ [ABTS = 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] decolorization assay and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay (ORAC) were used to assess the capacity of coffee compounds to scavenge free radicals. The importance of caffeine metabolites and colonic metabolites in the overall antioxidant activity associated with coffee consumption is shown. Colonic metabolites such as m-coumaric acid and dihydroferulic acid showed high antioxidant activity. The ability of these compounds to protect human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation by copper and 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride was also explored. 1-Methyluric acid was particularly effective at inhibiting LDL oxidative modification. Different experiments showed that this caffeine metabolite is not incorporated into LDL particles. However, at physiologically relevant concentrations, it was able to delay for more than 13 h LDL oxidation by copper.
authors.affiliation: School of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, United Kingdom. Jose-Angel.GOMEZ-RUIZ@ec.europa.eu
authors.forename: José Angel
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gómez-Ruiz
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Leake
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ames
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000378:metabolism; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry*; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003069:Coffee; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D002110:Caffeine; D003300:Copper; C004999:ferulic acid