title: Signals emanating from the membrane proximal region of the thrombopoietin receptor (mpl) support hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies using thrombopoietin -/- (TPO(-/-)) or TPO receptor, mpl(-/-) mice have established a critical role for TPO/mpl signaling in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development. In this study, we further dissected mpl signaling in both megakaryopoiesis and HSC function, using mice bearing a truncated mpl receptor lacking the distal 60 amino acids (Delta60). This deletion removes three major signaling tyrosines on the mpl cytoplasmic domain, but retains the membrane proximal Box1 and Box2 domains required for JAK2 activation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Competitive bone marrow transplantations (BMT) and serial BMTs were performed to study HSC function. Western blot analysis was used to study TPO-stimulated signaling pathways. BM cell cultures in the presence of TPO were used to study megakaryocyte development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In agreement with prior findings, we show that Delta60 BM cells cultured in TPO generated normal numbers of megakaryocytes, but with greatly reduced ploidy. As expected from the deletion of three signaling tyrosine residues, freshly isolated Delta60 megakaryocytes showed marked reduction in all known TPO-stimulated signaling pathways tested, including signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat) 5, Stat3, Akt, and p42/44 mitogen-activated kinase. We found that Delta60 mice displayed normal short-term (ST-HSC) activities and marginally compromised long-term (LT-HSC) stem cell activities in primary transplantation. In addition, Delta60 mice supported HSC self-renewal for at least two serial BMTs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data reveal a pivotal role for an unknown signal emanating from the membrane proximal region of the mpl receptor or from JAK2 itself in maintaining stem cell activity and self-renewal, in addition to its role in megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis.
authors.affiliation: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. tongw@email.chop.edu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Yessenia M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Ibarra
authors.forename: Harvey F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Lodish
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D053628:Receptors, Thrombopoietin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D053628:Receptors, Thrombopoietin