title: Racial and ethnic disparities in prenatal syphilis screening among women with Medicaid-covered deliveries in Florida.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Black and Hispanic infants are 19.9 and 10.3 times more likely, respectively, than white infants to develop congenital syphilis (CS), a disease that is preventable with timely prenatal screening and treatment. We examined racial/ethnic group differences in prenatal syphilis screening among pregnant women with equal financial access to prenatal care through Medicaid.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used Florida claims data to examine any, early, and repeat screening among non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic women with Medicaid-covered deliveries in FY1995 (n=56,088) and FY2000 (n=54,073). We estimated screening rates for each group, and used logistic regression to assess whether screening disparities remained after controlling for other factors, including Medicaid enrollment characteristics and prenatal care source, and associations between access-related factors and screening odds for each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between FY1995 and FY2000, rates of any and early syphilis screening increased, while repeat screening rates decreased. In FY1995, any, early, and repeat rates were highest for blacks and lowest for Hispanics. In FY2000, any and early screening rates were highest for whites and lowest for blacks, while repeat screening rates were similar across groups. Racial/ethnic differences in any and early screening remained for non-Hispanic blacks after adjustment. In general, Medicaid enrollment early in pregnancy, primary care case management participation, and use of a safety net clinic were associated with higher screening odds, though results varied by test type and across groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unexplained racial/ethnic disparities in prenatal syphilis screening remain for blacks, but not Hispanics. Individual, provider, and program factors contribute to differences across and within groups.
authors.affiliation: RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, PO Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA. cfowler@rti.org
authors.forename: Christina I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Norma I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Gavin
authors.forename: E Kathleen
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Guoyu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chireau
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control; D008484:Medicaid; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D013590:Syphilis, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D014481:United States; D044465:White People