title: Neoadjuvant docetaxel and capecitabine and the use of thymidine phosphorylase as a predictive biomarker in breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) induction by docetaxel is a proposed mechanism for the observed preclinical synergy of docetaxel and capecitabine (DC). We evaluated whether TP protein expression is increased by docetaxel and correlates with pathologic complete response (pCR) in breast cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with stage II to III breast cancer were given four cycles of neoadjuvant docetaxel 36 mg/m(2) i.v. over 30 min on days 1, 8, and 15 and capecitabine 2,000 mg/d, in two divided doses, on days 5 to 21 of a 28-day cycle. Radiology-directed biopsies of the breast tumors were done at baseline and 5 days after the first dose of docetaxel to evaluate TP expression. Following DC therapy, patients had core breast biopsies, and if residual disease was present, received four cycles of standard dose-dense doxorubin and cyclophosphamide (AC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pCR rate was 26.9% (95% confidence interval, 11.6-47.8). Up-regulation of TP expression was not observed by either quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) or immunohistochemistry. Radiology-directed core biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy accurately predicted pathologic response in 88% (95% confidence interval, 69.8-97.6) of the cases. Neither level of TP expression nor TP up-regulation correlated with pCR. Significant toxicity resulted in therapy discontinuation in 3 of 26 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DC chemotherapy exhibited a similar pCR rate compared with standard taxane regimens, with increased toxicity. TP expression was not up-regulated after docetaxel and did not correlate with therapeutic response. Core breast biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy accurately predicted pathologic response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0848, USA. rlayman@umich.edu
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Layman
authors.forename: Dafydd G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Kent A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: Jeffrey B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Smerage
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Helvie
authors.forename: Marilyn A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Roubidoux
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Diehl
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sabel
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hayman
authors.forename: Lori J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Anne F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Schott
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D000069287:Capecitabine; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077143:Docetaxel; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018579:Patient Selection; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis; D043823:Taxoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D043823:Taxoids; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000077143:Docetaxel; D000069287:Capecitabine; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase; D005472:Fluorouracil