title: Open syntaxin docks synaptic vesicles.
abstract: Synaptic vesicles dock to the plasma membrane at synapses to facilitate rapid exocytosis. Docking was originally proposed to require the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins; however, perturbation studies suggested that docking was independent of the SNARE proteins. We now find that the SNARE protein syntaxin is required for docking of all vesicles at synapses in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The active zone protein UNC-13, which interacts with syntaxin, is also required for docking in the active zone. The docking defects in unc-13 mutants can be fully rescued by overexpressing a constitutively open form of syntaxin, but not by wild-type syntaxin. These experiments support a model for docking in which UNC-13 converts syntaxin from the closed to the open state, and open syntaxin acts directly in docking vesicles to the plasma membrane. These data provide a molecular basis for synaptic vesicle docking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hammarlund
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Palfreyman
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Erik M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D048430:Cell Shape; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D008561:Membrane Fusion / Q000502:physiology*; D009030:Mosaicism; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013572:Synaptic Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014403:Tubocurarine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C083141:phorbol ester binding protein; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D014403:Tubocurarine