title: [Tobacco and morphology: pulmonary diseases].
abstract: Tobacco is implicated in multisystemic carcinogenesis through more than fifty identified carcinogenic metabolites that produce mutations responsible for alterations in cell cycle, immune response and endocrine regulation. Is one of nine risk factors identified in one third of cancer deaths together with obesity, sedentary, alcohol consumption, sexual promiscuity, drug addiction, and open and closed air contamination. Answering for cardiovascular diseases as the first cause of death in civilized world, tobacco is also pointed as the major factor implicated in the development of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), RB-ILD (respiratory bronchiolitis and interstitial lung disease), DIP (desquamative interstitial pneumonia), bronchiolitis and bronchiolocentric interstitial fibrosis, Langerhans cells histiocytosis, eosinophilic pneumonia, sarcoidosis, epidermoid metaplasia in respiratory epithelium and lung cancer. The chronic tobacco induced inflammatory state is the basis for the acquisition of genetic alterations dependent on the tobacco contaminants.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention