title: Cannabinoids inhibit noradrenergic and purinergic sympathetic cotransmission in the rat isolated mesenteric arterial bed.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Noradrenaline and ATP are sympathetic co-transmitters. In the rat perfused mesenteric bed cannabinoids have been shown to modify the overall response to sympathetic nerve stimulation. This study has assessed whether cannabinoid receptor activation modulates differentially the noradrenergic and purinergic components of sympathetic vasoconstriction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat mesenteric beds were perfused with physiological salt solution and the effects of cannabinoids on responses to nerve stimulation, or exogenous noradrenaline or alpha,beta-methylene ATP (alpha,beta-meATP; P2X receptor agonist) were determined after raising tone with U46619. The effects of cannabinoids on the noradrenaline and ATP components of sympathetic neurotransmission were assessed using the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin, or after P2X receptor desensitization with alpha,beta-meATP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anandamide, WIN 55,212-2 and CP55,940 attenuated sympathetic neurogenic vasoconstrictor responses. The inhibitory actions of anandamide and WIN 55,212-2 were blocked by LY320135, a CB1 receptor antagonist, but not by SR144528, a CB2 receptor antagonist. The inhibitory actions of CP55,940 were unaffected by LY320135 and SR144528. WIN 55,212-3, the inactive S(-) enantiomer of WIN 55,212-2, had no effect on sympathetic neurogenic responses. None of the cannabinoids affected contractile responses to exogenous noradrenaline or alpha,beta-meATP. Anandamide and WIN 55,212-2 inhibited both the noradrenaline and ATP components of the sympathetic neurogenic contractile responses, with effects on the ATP component being most marked.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that prejunctional CB1-like receptors mediate the sympathoinhibitory action of anandamide and WIN 55,212-2, but not CP55,940, in the rat mesenteric bed. Cannabinoids inhibit both the noradrenergic and purinergic components of sympathetic neurotransmission.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrated Systems Biology & Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pakdeechote
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ralevic
mesh_terms: D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000320:Adrenergic Fibers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000494:pharmacology; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D001892:Camphanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009129:Muscle Tonus / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010477:Perfusion; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011224:Prazosin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D001572:Benzofurans; D048588:Benzoxazines; D001892:Camphanes; D002186:Cannabinoids; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D009025:Morpholines; D009281:Naphthalenes; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D011720:Pyrazoles; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; C110630:SR 144528; C070417:(3R)-((2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-((4-morpholinyl)methyl)pyrrolo-(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)(1-naphthalenyl))methanone; D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; C054649:3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C110158:LY 320135; C002630:alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate; C078814:anandamide; D009638:Norepinephrine; D011224:Prazosin