title: Testing the hypothesis of atherosclerotic plaque lipid depletion during lipid therapy by magnetic resonance imaging: study design of Carotid Plaque Composition Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In vivo testing of the lipid depletion hypothesis in human beings during lipid-modifying therapy has not been possible until recent developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The Carotid Plaque Composition Study is a prospective, randomized study designed to test the lipid depletion hypothesis in vivo. One hundred twenty-three subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD) or carotid disease and with levels of apolipoprotein B > or = 120 mg/dL (low-density lipoprotein levels 100-190 mg/dL) were enrolled and randomized to (1) single therapy--atorvastatin alone, placebos for extended release (ER)-niacin and colesevelam; (2) double therapy--atorvastatin plus ER-niacin (2 g/d), and placebo for colesevelam; (3) triple therapy--atorvastatin, ER-niacin, plus colesevelam (3.8 g/d). All subjects will undergo MRI scans of bilateral carotid arteries at baseline and annually for 3 years for a total of 4 examinations while on active therapy. Among these 123 subjects with mean age of 55 years and mean body mass index of 30 kg/m2, 73% are male, 43% have a family history of premature cardiovascular disease, 37% have had a previous myocardial infarction, 80% have clinically established CAD, 52% are hypertensive, 12% have diabetes, 23% are current smokers, and 47% meet the criteria for metabolic syndrome. The baseline carotid disease is evaluated using a MRI-modified American Heart Association lesion type definition. Of the 123 enrolled subjects, 40% have type III lesions with small eccentric plaque, 52% have type IV to V lesions with a necrotic core, and only 4% have calcified plaque based on the most diseased carotid location.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Carotid Plaque Composition Study uses a state-of-the-art imaging technology and comprehensive lipid management to test the plaque lipid depletion hypothesis in CAD subjects.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98103, USA. xueqiao@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Xue-Qiao
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Binh An P
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Phan
authors.forename: Baocheng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Nayak L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Polissar
authors.forename: J Theodore
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Dodge
authors.forename: Colin D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hatsukami
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000499:Allylamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000069472:Colesevelam Hydrochloride; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009525:Niacin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D011758:Pyrroles; D009525:Niacin; D000499:Allylamine; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D000069472:Colesevelam Hydrochloride