title: Mapping quantitative trait loci in line cross with repeat records.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phenotypes with repeat records from one individual or multiple individuals were often encountered in practices of mapping QTL in linecross. The current genetic mapping method for a trait with repeat records is adopted by simply replacing the phenotype by the average value of the repeat records. This simple treatment has not sufficiently utilized the information from the replication and ignored the impacts of the permanent environmental effects on the accuracy of the estimated QTL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We propose to map QTL by using the repeatability model to directly analyze the repeat records rather than simply analyze the mean phenotype, improving the efficiency of QTL detecting because of adequately utilizing the information from data and allowing for the permanent environmental effects. A maximum likelihood method implemented via the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is applied to perform the parameter estimation of the repeatability model. The superiority of the mapping method based on the repeatability model over simple analysis using the mean phenotype was demonstrated by a series of simulations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the proposed method can serve as a powerful alternative to existing methods. By mean of the repeatability model, utilizing the repeat records on individual may improve the efficiency of QTL detecting in line cross.
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 201101, PR China. runqingyang@sjtu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Runqing
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D002874:Chromosome Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D008957:Models, Genetic; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010641:Phenotype; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci / Q000235:genetics*