title: Placebo-controlled study of levetiracetam in idiopathic generalized epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive levetiracetam in patients with uncontrolled generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) seizures associated with idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGE).
  
  
  METHODS
  This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study enrolled adults and children (4 to 65 years) with IGE experiencing >or=3 GTC seizures during the 8-week baseline period (4-week retrospective and 4-week prospective), despite receiving stable doses of one or two antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Patients were randomized to levetiracetam (target dose 3,000 mg/day for adults; 60 mg/kg/day for children) or placebo and a 4-week titration period was followed by a 20-week evaluation period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 229 patients screened, 164 were randomized (levetiracetam, n = 80; placebo, n = 84). Levetiracetam produced a greater mean reduction in GTC seizure frequency per week over the treatment period (56.5%) than placebo (28.2%; p = 0.004). The percentage of patients who had >or=50% reduction of GTC seizure frequency per week (responders) during the treatment period was 72.2% for levetiracetam and 45.2% for placebo (p < 0.001; OR 3.28; 95% CI 1.68 to 6.38). During the first 2-week treatment 64.6% of patients on levetiracetam and 45.2% on placebo (p = 0.018) were classified as responders. During the evaluation period the percent of patients free of GTC seizures (34.2% vs 10.7%; p < 0.001) and all seizure types (24.1% vs 8.3%; p = 0.009) was greater for levetiracetam than placebo. Levetiracetam was well tolerated with 1.3% of patients discontinuing therapy due to adverse events vs 4.8% on placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjunctive levetiracetam is an effective and well-tolerated antiepileptic drug for treating generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Research Center, Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, Banksia Street, West Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia. s.berkovic@unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Berkovic
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Knowlton
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Leroy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schiemann
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Falter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004829:Epilepsy, Generalized / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010889:Piracetam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010919:Placebos; D011788:Quality of Life; D012107:Research Design; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D010919:Placebos; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D010889:Piracetam