title: The calcium binding protein, S100B, is increased in the amniotic fluid of women with intra-amniotic infection/inflammation and preterm labor with intact or ruptured membranes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  S100B is produced by glia of the central and peripheral nervous systems and is considered a marker of neurologic injury in the perinatal period. Indeed, increased neonatal urine S100B concentration is associated with adverse neurological outcomes including intraventricular hemorrhage and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, while elevated adult serum concentrations are associated with infectious diseases/sepsis. The objective of this study was to determine whether amniotic fluid (AF) S100B concentrations change with advancing gestational age and intra-amniotic infection (IAI).
  
  
  METHODS
  S100B concentration was measured in the AF of women in midtrimester, at term, and in pregnancies with preterm labor and intact membranes (PTL) or preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), with and without IAI. Placental pathology was performed and neonatal outcomes were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) AF S100B concentration did not change during gestation; (2) patients with IAI had significantly higher AF S100B concentration than those without IAI following an episode of PTL or PPROM and; (3) neonates who had morbidity/mortality had had an elevated AF S100B concentration; however, this could be explained by the association with intra-amniotic infection/inflammation. Thus, AF S100B concentration was not an independent predictor of neonatal morbidity or fetal/neonatal death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An elevated concentration of AF S100B may reflect intra-amniotic infection/inflammation and not necessarily fetal neurologic damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA. nichdprbchiefstaff@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Lara A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Friel
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edwin
authors.forename: Jyh Kae
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Nien
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Tinnakorn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chaiworapongsa
authors.forename: Juan Pedro
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kusanovic
authors.forename: Jorge E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tolosa
authors.forename: Sonia S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Jimmy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Espinoza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000378:metabolism*; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000378:metabolism*; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C579160:S100B protein, human