title: Applicability of a liquid membrane in enrichment and determination of nickel traces from natural waters.
abstract: In this work, a bulk liquid membrane method has been applied for Ni enrichment and separation from natural waters. The carrier-mediated transport was accomplished by pyridine-2-acetaldehyde benzoylhydrazone dissolved in toluene as a complexing agent. The preconcentration was achieved through pH control of source and receiving solutions via a counterflow of protons. The main variables were optimized by using a modified simplex technique. High transport efficiencies (101.2 +/- 1.8-99.7 +/- 4.2%) were provided by the carrier for nickel ions in a receiving phase of 0.31 mol L(-1) nitric acid after 9-13 h depending on sample salinity. The precision of the method was 2.05% (without a saline matrix) and 4.04% (with 40 g L(-1) NaCl) at the 95% confidence level and the detection limit of the blank was 0.015 mug L(-1) Ni for detection by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The applicability of the method was tested on certified reference and real water samples with successful results, even for saline samples. The relative errors were -0.60% for certified reference materials and ranged from -0.39 to 2.90% and from 0.3 to 11.05% for real samples, obtained by comparison of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry measurements, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Domínguez-Lledó
authors.forename: María D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Galindo-Riaño
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Díaz-López
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Vargas
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Granado-Castro