title: Somatostatin, retinoids, melatonin, vitamin D, bromocriptine, and cyclophosphamide in chemotherapy-pretreated patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma and low performance status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously reported on an improvement in survival and quality of life in chemotherapy-naïve patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and low performance status (PS) treated with a combination of biotherapeutical agents and cyclophosphamide. In this study, we assessed the survival, clinical status, and toxicity of this multidrug regimen in chemotherapy-pretreated patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma and low PS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with stage IIIB or IV lung adenocarcinoma, who had progressed after prior standard chemotherapy, and with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group PS > or = 2, received a daily combination of somatostatin, retinoids, melatonin, vitamin D, bromocriptine, and cyclophosphamide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three (23) patients were enrolled. The median age was 59 years (range, 42-75). The PS was 2 and 3 in 73.9% and 26.1% of patients, respectively. The median overall survival (intent-to-treat analysis) was 95 days (range, 19-214). The side-effects were mild, mostly consisting of diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, and drowsiness of Grade 1-2. There was an improvement in both respiratory and general symptoms, which was more evident in patients surviving more than 95 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined regimen of somatostatin, retinoids, melatonin, vitamin D, bromocriptine, and cyclophosphamide is well tolerated and can improve disease-related symptoms in heavily pretreated patients with late-stage lung adenocarcinoma and poor PS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Ospedale Maggiore Azienda Ospedaliera, Verona, Italy. norsaachille@yahoo.it
authors.forename: Achille
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Norsa
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martino
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001971:Bromocriptine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012176:Retinoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D012176:Retinoids; D014807:Vitamin D; D001971:Bromocriptine; D013004:Somatostatin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D008550:Melatonin