title: Racial and gender effects on pure-tone thresholds and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in normal-hearing young adults.
abstract: This study examined racial and gender effects on behavioral thresholds and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in the same subjects. Pure-tone behavioral thresholds and DPOAEs were measured in 60 young normal-hearing adult subjects (20 Caucasian, 20 Asian, 20 African-American, with ten females and ten males in each group). Behavioral thresholds were measured from 1000 through 16,000 Hz using Békèsy tracking. A DPOAE frequency sweep was measured with primary stimulus levels of L(1)/L(2)=60/45 dB SPL, and an f(2)/f(1) of 1.2 at discrete f(2) frequencies between 2000 through 12,000 Hz for each subject. Significant racial and gender differences in behavioral thresholds were found at 14,000 and 16,000 Hz, with the African Americans and females having the best hearing sensitivity. Based on the current results, similar findings for DPOAE frequency sweeps can be expected amongst different racial groups given that no significant differences were identified between the groups. To further define the effects of race and gender on auditory measures, future studies should include larger numbers of subjects, measurement of body size and middle ear reflectance, and examine emission generators.
authors.affiliation: School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-1518, USA. ldreisba@mail.sdsu.edu
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Dreisbach
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cobos
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cowart
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D003051:Cochlea / Q000502:physiology*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors