title: West Nile encephalitis, status epilepticus and West Nile pneumonia in a renal transplant patient.
abstract: West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) represents a small fraction of cases of West Nile Virus (WNV) infection. Organ transplantation is associated with increased risk of acquiring WNND. We report a patient with living-related renal transplantation who developed unusual manifestations of WNND. First, fatal status epilepticus unresponsive to pentobarbital ensued. Status epilepticus from WNV has been described very rarely in the medical literature. Second, this patient grew WNV on broncho-alveolar lavage samples. To our knowledge, this is the first case of culture positive West Nile pneumonia. Third, the finding in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a negative West Nile immunoglobulin M (IgM) and a positive West Nile polymerase chain reaction is striking. It is consistent with a high-viral burden and impaired immune response. This finding raises questions about the appropriateness of relying on CSF IgM assays to rapidly diagnose WNV encephalitis in organ transplant patients, as has been recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fisk
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sotir
authors.forename: Karen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kehl
mesh_terms: D018792:Encephalitis, Viral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000276:immunology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019520:Living Donors; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000821:virology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007075:Immunoglobulin M