title: Combretastatin A4-induced differential cytotoxicity and reduced metastatic ability by inhibition of AKT function in human gastric cancer cells.
abstract: Combretastatin A4 (CA4) is a drug that targets tumor vasculature to inhibit angiogenesis. Whether CA4 has a direct effect on gastric cancer is not known. We herein investigated the effect of CA4 on growth and metastasis of gastric cancer cells at clinically achievable concentration and explored the associated antitumor mechanisms. Nine human gastric cancer cell lines, including two metastatic gastric cancer cell lines (AGS-GFPM1/2), constitutively expressing green fluorescence protein (GFP) were used. These metastatic AGS-GFPM1/2 cells expressed a higher level of phosphorylated serine 473 on AKT (p-AKT). Our results showed that CA4 (0.02-20 microM) has significant in vitro effects on reducing cell attachment, migration, invasiveness, as well as cell cycle G2/M disturbance on p-AKT-positive gastric cancer cells. In addition, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002 [2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-1(4H)-benzopyran-4-one hydrochloride], a specific AKT inhibitor, and 0.2 to 20 microM CA4 displayed a similar response profile on p-AKT-positive cells, suggesting that CA4-induced effect was mediated by inhibition of the PI3 kinase/AKT pathway. The results from in vivo GFP monitoring system indicated that CA4 phosphate (CA4-P; 200 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the s.c. and intra-abdominal growth of xenotransplanted AGS-GFPM2 cells in nude mice. Furthermore, CA4-P treatment showed a remarkable ability to inhibit gastric tumor metastasis as well as attenuate p-AKT expression. In conclusion, our study is the first to find that CA4 inhibited AKT activity in human gastric cancer cells. The decreased AKT activity correlated well with the CA4 antitumor growth response and decrease of metastasis. Further investigation on drugs targeting the PI3 kinase-AKT pathway may provide a new approach for the treatment of human gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Heng-Liang
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shih-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: Chew-Wun
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wen-Bin
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Li-Hsin
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yi-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ming-Long
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Yih-Huei
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Uen
authors.forename: Jing-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.forename: Chin-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D013267:Stilbenes; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C058728:fosbretabulin