title: Effects of cellular phone emissions on sperm motility in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of cellular phone emissions on rat sperm cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Classic experimental.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300 g.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats in the experimental group were exposed to two 3-hour periods of daily cellular phone emissions for 18 weeks; sperm samples were then collected for evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation of sperm motility, sperm cell morphology, total sperm cell number, and mRNA levels for two cell surface adhesion proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats exposed to 6 hours of daily cellular phone emissions for 18 weeks exhibited a significantly higher incidence of sperm cell death than control group rats through chi-squared analysis. In addition, abnormal clumping of sperm cells was present in rats exposed to cellular phone emissions and was not present in control group rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that carrying cell phones near reproductive organs could negatively affect male fertility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
authors.forename: Ji-Geng
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agresti
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Yu Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Granlund
authors.forename: Hani S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Matloub
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040421:Cell Phone; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology / Q000528:radiation effects