title: Iatrogenic ureteral lesions and repair: a review for gynecologists.
abstract: Ureter injuries are a well-known complication of gynecologic surgery and a frequent cause of medicolegal problems. Because there are no randomized, controlled trials and the available studies are small series and case reports, the evidence on which to base treatment is weak. We therefore reviewed the complete English-language literature of ureter repair since 1990. In total, 608 ureter injuries were reported. Although it is widely believed that for laceration or section the prognosis is affected by a delay in diagnosis, we could not find evidence to substantiate this. An obstruction requires stenting only. For a laceration, stenting with suturing was more effective than stenting only (p = .006). A ureter anastomosis was successful in over 94% of cases either by laparotomy or laparoscopy. In conclusion, the literature data are scanty and heterogeneous and do not permit solid conclusions. Evidence, however, is emerging that a laceration should be treated by stenting and suturing. A ureter anastomosis over a stent could become a valid option especially when performed by laparoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. carlodecicco@tim.it
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Cicco
authors.forename: Maria Lorena
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ret Dávalos
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van Cleynenbreugel
authors.forename: Jasper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verguts
authors.forename: Philippe Robert
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Koninckx
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures