title: [The specific features of diagnosis of breast diseases accompanied by the retracted nipple syndrome].
abstract: By examining 201 patents by currently available radiation (X-ray, ultrasound, and radionuclide) and pathomorphological techniques, the authors consider that benign diseases (nonspecific mastitis, focal fibrosclerosis, pathological secretion appearing as ductal cysts or papillomas, fibroadenomas, gynecomastia, oleogranulomas) and different histological forms of breast cancer (Paget's disease, infiltrating ductal carcinoma, infiltrating and non-infiltrating lobular carcinoma) result in the retracted nipple syndrome. The sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity of various diagnostic techniques used alone or in combination have been calculated. A monitoring system and indications for surgical treatment have been developed. The pathomorphological mechanisms of nipple retraction have been defined.
authors.forename: N I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Rozhkova
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Berzin
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shevchenko
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013577:Syndrome; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary / Q000379:methods*