title: Expanded phase II trial of gemcitabine and capecitabine for advanced biliary cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A phase 2 trial of gemcitabine and capecitabine (GemCap) in patients with advanced biliary cancer led to an objective response in approximately 30% of patients and a median survival of 14 months. In the current study, the authors report further efficacy data of a larger cohort of such patients treated with the GemCap regimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients aged >18 years and who had a diagnosis of locally advanced biliary cancer received first-line treatment with capecitabine at a dose of 650 mg/m(2) twice daily for 14 days and gemcitabine at a dose of 1,000 mg/m(2) on Day 1 and Day 8, every 3 weeks until disease progression. Tumor response was assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between July 2001 and January 2005, 75 patients were enrolled in the study. At a median follow-up of 9.5 months, the overall response rate was 29% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 19.4-41%), with a median duration of 9.7 months (range, 3-36 months). Three patients achieved complete responses, with a median duration of 17 months (range, 9-27 months). The median progression-free survival and overall survivals were 6.2 months (95% CI, 4.4-8.3 months) and 12.7 months (95% CI, 9.5-31 months), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GemCap regimen is active in patients with biliary cancer. Randomized trials are warranted to define the impact of such a regimen on patient survival and quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Albert Einstein Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rachel P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Riechelmann
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Townsley
authors.forename: Sheray N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Gregory R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Pond
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Knox
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D001661:Biliary Tract Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000069287:Capecitabine; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000069287:Capecitabine; D005472:Fluorouracil; D000093542:Gemcitabine