Neocortical plasticity deficits in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: lessons from barrel and visual cortex.
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is characterized by a constellation of behavioral and physiological abnormalities, including learning and sensory deficits. There is growing evidence that abnormalities of neuronal plasticity underlie these deficits. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which prenatal alcohol exposure disrupts neuronal plasticity remain elusive. Recently, studies with the barrel and the visual cortex as models to study the effects of early alcohol exposure on neuronal plasticity shed light on this subject. In this Mini-Review, we discuss the effects of ethanol exposure during development on neuronal plasticity and suggest environmental and pharmacological approaches to ameliorate these problems.
Medina
Alexandre E
AE
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0709, USA. amedina@vcu.edu
Krahe
Thomas E
TE
D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005333:Fetus; D006801:Humans; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D014738:Vibrissae / Q000294:innervation; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*