Validation and characterization of human kallikrein 11 as a serum marker for diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
The serum tumor marker CA 125 is elevated in most clinically advanced ovarian carcinomas, and currently, one of the most promising early detection strategies for ovarian cancer uses CA 125 level in conjunction with imaging. However, CA 125 is elevated in only 50% of early-stage ovarian cancer and is often elevated in women with benign ovarian tumors and other gynecologic diseases. Additional markers may improve on its individual performance if they increase sensitivity and specificity and are less sensitive to other gynecologic conditions. The human kallikrein 11 (hK11) marker has been reported to have favorable predictive value for ovarian cancer, although, by itself, it may be inferior to CA 125.


METHODS
We here validate the performance of hK11 on an independent data set and further characterize its behavior in multiple types of controls. We also investigate its behavior when combined with CA 125 to form a composite marker. hK11 had not previously been evaluated on these serum samples. CA 125, hK11, and the composite marker were evaluated for their performance in identifying ovarian cancer and for temporal stability.


RESULTS
hK11 significantly distinguished ovarian cancer cases from healthy controls and is less sensitive to benign ovarian disease than is CA 125.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that hK11 is a valuable new biomarker for ovarian cancer and its temporal stability implies that it may do even better when used in a longitudinal screening program for early detection.
McIntosh
Martin W
MW
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Liu
Yan
Y
Drescher
Charles
C
Urban
Nicole
N
Diamandis
Eleftherios P
EP
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D018394:CA-125 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D018269:Carcinoma, Endometrioid / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018284:Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011379:Prognosis; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000097:blood*; D015996:Survival Rate; D015854:Up-Regulation
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018394:CA-125 Antigen; C114880:trypsin-like serine protease; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases