Furan in food: headspace method and product survey.
Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been adapted for the efficient determination of furan in foods. Levels of furan in various foods were measured in order to identify the products that contribute most to the human intake of furan. Highest amounts were found in products that were heat treated in sealed containers such as jarred and canned food products and in crusty and dry products such as snacks, biscuits, bread crust, roasted wheat flour and roasted coffee beans. Of the analysed jarred baby food products those containing only meat and starch from rice and corn had low levels of furan. In addition, the fruit products showed similar low levels. Clearly higher concentrations were found in the vegetable and vegetable-meat products. For the adult population coffee seems to be an important product with respect to furan intake. Coffee brews from espresso-type machines had considerably higher amounts of furan than other coffee brews. This type of coffee is considered by experts to have the best coffee aroma. It is assumed that for regular coffee consumers coffee is the most important source of furan intake.
Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Food Safety Division, Bern, Switzerland. otmar.zoller@bag.admin.ch
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Zoller
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Sager
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Reinhard
D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000032:analysis*; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D005663:Furans / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry; D008461:Meat Products / Q000032:analysis; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry
D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D003069:Coffee; D005663:Furans; C039281:furan