Predictors of attrition during initial (citalopram) treatment for depression: a STAR*D report.
OBJECTIVE
Premature attrition from treatment may lead to worse outcomes and compromise the integrity of clinical trials in major depressive disorder. The purpose of this study was to identify the pretreatment predictors of attrition during acute treatment with citalopram in a large, "real world" clinical trial.


METHODS
A total of 4,041 adult outpatients with nonpsychotic major depressive disorder were enrolled in treatment with citalopram for up to 14 weeks. Attrition was defined as "immediate" (patients who attended a baseline visit only) or "later" (patients who attended at least one postbaseline visit but who dropped out before the 12-week visit).


RESULTS
Overall, 26% of enrolled patients dropped out of the acute phase treatment for nonmedical reasons. Of these, 34% dropped out immediately, 59% dropped out by week 12, and 7% dropped out after 12 weeks. Immediate attrition was associated with younger age, less education, and higher perceived mental health functioning. Attrition later in treatment was associated with younger age, less education, and African American race. Experience with more than one episode of depression was associated with less attrition.


CONCLUSIONS
In clinical trials and clinical practice, several time points in treatment may provide opportunities to engage and encourage populations at higher risk for attrition and populations with high-risk presentation of illness. Additionally, more aggressive forms of treatment implemented earlier in the treatment process in order to increase the likelihood of more rapid efficacy may reduce dropout rates.
Warden
Diane
D
Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390-9086, USA. Diane.Warden@UTSouthwestern.edu
Trivedi
Madhukar H
MH
Wisniewski
Stephen R
SR
Davis
Lori
L
Nierenberg
Andrew A
AA
Gaynes
Bradley N
BN
Zisook
Sidney
S
Hollon
Steven D
SD
Balasubramani
G K
GK
Howland
Robert
R
Fava
Maurizio
M
Stewart
Jonathan W
JW
Rush
A John
AJ
D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000367:Age Factors; D015283:Citalopram / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010352:Patient Dropouts / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D015283:Citalopram; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors