Tumor resistance to CD8+ T cell-based therapeutic vaccination.
CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an important role in antitumor immunity. Induction of tumor-specific CTLs is one major strategy for tumor immunotherapy. However, therapeutic vaccinations used to treat firmly established tumors are generally ineffective. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying tumor resistance to CTL-based therapeutic vaccination is very important in the tumor immunology field. There are two main mechanisms by which tumors develop resistance to CTL-based therapeutic vaccinations. One is that tumors induce peripheral tolerance of tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells. The other is that tumor cells themselves develop immune evasion mechanisms to prevent recognition and killing by CTLs. This review focuses on recently reported cellular and molecular mechanisms of CD8(+) T cell tolerance and immune evasion in tumors and discusses about the possibilities to improve tumor immunotherapy.
Huang
Yujun
Y
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave., Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
Shah
Shivanee
S
Qiao
Liang
L
D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology; D017211:Treatment Failure; D019139:Tumor Escape
D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines