Traumatic brain injury, psychiatric disorders and suicide: a population-based study of suicide victims during the years 1988-2004 in Northern Finland.
BACKGROUND
Depression and substance abuse are common among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, previous studies have not examined the temporal association between psychiatric disorders, TBI and suicide.


OBJECTIVE
To study the prevalence of TBI injury among suicide victims; to determine the association of suicide, psychiatric disorders and TBI severity; and to examine the effect of pre- and post-traumatic psychiatric disorders on their remaining life-time.


METHODS
This study examined all suicides (n = 1,877) committed during a 16-year period in the province of Oulu, Finland. The information of suicide victims was extracted from the official death certificates and the National Hospital Discharge Registers.


RESULTS
TBI was found in 5.5% (n = 103) of the victims. Compared to the victims without TBI, those with TBI had significantly more hospital-treated psychiatric and alcohol disorders. If TBI subjects had comorbid psychiatric disorders, the time period between TBI and suicide was under 3 years in approximately 90% of victims in this suicide population.


CONCLUSIONS
Seriousness of injury, male gender, older age, being unemployed and presence of psychiatric and alcohol disorders are important to identify as possible predictors for suicidal behaviour in TBI patients. Further studies are required to shed light on interventions aimed at better life management.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Finland. arja.mainio@oulu.fi
Arja
A
Mainio
Tiina
T
Kyllönen
Kaisa
K
Viilo
Helinä
H
Hakko
Terttu
T
Särkioja
Pirkko
P
Räsänen
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013997:Time Factors