Metoclopramide protection of diazinon-induced toxicosis in chickens.
The efficacy of metoclopramide for preventing organophosphate insecticide-induced (diazinon) toxicosis was evaluated in 7~14 days old chicks. Injection of metoclopramide at 25 mg/kg, s.c. 15 min before diazinon increased the oral 24 h median lethal dose of the insecticide in the chicks by 80%. Metoclopramide alone inhibited the in vitro and in vivo plasma and whole brain cholinesterase activities of the chicks. Metoclopramide pretreatment at 100 mg/kg, s.c. reduced the extent of cholinesterase inhibition that was caused by diazinon (10 mg/kg, p.o.) in the plasma and whole brain by 24% and 7%, respectively. Diazinon at 10 mg/kg, p.o. produced signs of cholinergic toxicosis in the chicks, and these signs included salivation, lacrimation, gasping and convulsions within 2 h, and the 2-h and 24-h lethalities were 88 and 100%, respectively. Metoclopramide at the dose rates of 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, s.c. given 15 min before diazinon (10 mg/kg, p.o.) variably decreased the occurrence of toxic manifestations in the chicks. The highest dose of metoclopramide (200 mg/kg, s.c.) reduced the 2-h and 24-h lethality of diazinon to 75% each and it reduced the overall toxicity score of diazinon by 32%. The data suggest that metoclopramide pretreatment only partially protected chicks against the acute toxicity of diazinon.
Al-Zubaidy
M H
MH
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.
Mohammad
F K
FK
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D002645:Chickens; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D003976:Diazinon / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000633:toxicity; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000633:toxicity; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*
D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007306:Insecticides; D002802:Cholinesterases; D008787:Metoclopramide; D003976:Diazinon