EU Directive 2004/40: field measurements of a 1.5 T clinical MR scanner.
The European Union (EU) Physical Agents (EMF) Directive [1] must be incorporated into UK law in 2008. The directive, which applies to employees working in MRI, sets legal exposure limits for two of the three types of EMF exposure employed in MRI; time-varying gradient fields and radiofrequency (RF) fields. Limits on the static field are currently not included but may be added at a later date. Conservative action values have been set for all three types of exposure including the static field. The absolute exposure limits will exclude staff from the scanner bore and adjacent areas during scanning, impacting on many clinical activities such as anaesthetic monitoring during sedated scans, paediatric scanning and interventional MRI. When the legislation comes into force, NHS Trusts, scanner companies and academic institutions will be required to show compliance with the law. We present results of initial measurements performed on a 1.5 T clinical MRI scanner. For the static field, the proposed action value is exceeded at 40 cm from the scanner bore and would be exceeded when positioning a patient for scanning. For the RF field, the action values were only exceeded within the bore at distances of 40 cm from the scanner ends during a very RF intensive sequence; MRI employees are unlikely to be in the bore during an acquisition. For the time-varying gradient fields the action values were exceeded 52 cm out from the mouth of the bore during two clinical sequences, and estimated current densities show the exposure limit to be exceeded at 40 cm for frequencies above 333 Hz. Limiting employees to distances greater than these from the scanner during acquisition will have a severe impact on the future use and development of MRI.
Cancer Research UK Clinical Magnetic Resonance Group, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
S F
SF
Riches
D J
DJ
Collins
J W
JW
Scuffham
M O
MO
Leach
D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005062:European Union; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors