[Insulin resistance in HIV-infected patients receiving long-term therapy with efavirenz, lopinavir/ritonavir and atazanavir].
OBJECTIVE
To assess the presence of insulin resistance in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving long-term antiretroviral therapy.


METHODS
Cross-sectional study in consecutive HIV-infected patients treated with regimens containing efavirenz, lopinavir/ritonavir or atazanavir. Insulin resistance was assessed by HOMA (Homeostasis Model Assessment).


RESULTS
We analyzed 47 patients, 18 on treatment with efavirenz, 17 with lopinavir/ritonavir and 12 with atazanavir. Patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir had higher insulinemia than those treated with efavirenz (p = 0.007) or atazanavir (p = 0.020). The HOMA index was also higher in subjects treated with lopinavir/ritonavir than in those receiving efavirenz (p = 0.07) or atazanavir (p = 0.028). Insulin resistance was found in 5 (10.6%) patients, 4 among those receiving lopinavir/ritonavir, one among those treated with efavirenz and none among subjects receiving atazanavir (p = 0.065). In the logistic regression analysis, the antiretroviral regimen was associated with risk of insulin resistance.


CONCLUSIONS
A substantial number of patients on antiretroviral therapy may have insulin resistance according to the HOMA index. Alterations of the hydrocarbonated metabolism appear to be more likely to occur in patients receiving regimens with lopinavir/ritonavir.
Bernal
Enrique
E
Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Alicante, España. enrbernal@yahoo.es
Masiá
Mar
M
Padilla
Sergio
S
Ramos
J Manuel
JM
Martín-Hidalgo
Alberto
A
Gutiérrez
Félix
F
D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069446:Atazanavir Sulfate; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D061466:Lopinavir; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors
D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D009842:Oligopeptides; D011725:Pyridines; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D061466:Lopinavir; D000069446:Atazanavir Sulfate; C098320:efavirenz; D019438:Ritonavir