Thyroid and bone.
This article provides a summary of the numerous interactions between the thyroid gland and the skeleton, in the normal state, in disorders of thyroid function and as a result of thyroid malignancy. It recaps the current understanding of bone growth and development in the endochondral growth plate and the normal mechanisms of mature bone remodeling. The actions of thyroid hormones on these processes are described, and the clinical impact of thyroid disorders and their treatments on the bone are summarized. Finally, our current understanding of the physiology of bone metastases from thyroid cancer is covered.
Wexler
Jason A
JA
Division of Endocrinology, MedStar Diabetes and Research Institute, Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street, NW, Room 2A38A, Washington, DC 20010, USA. jason.a.wexler@medstar.net
Sharretts
John
J
D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000502:physiology; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000502:physiology*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000009:adverse effects
D004164:Diphosphonates; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D013974:Thyroxine