Genetic diversity and drug resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains circulating in Shanghai.
The HIV-1 epidemic in Shanghai is rapidly increasing. To better understand the HIV-1 genetic diversity and the mutations associated with resistance to protease inhibitors (PIs) and reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs), 95 antiretroviral (ARV)-treated and treatment-naive HIV-1-seropositive individuals living in Shanghai were investigated. The HIV-1 pol gene in 70 of the 95 plasma samples was successfully amplified and analyzed. The result showed that CRF01_AE predominated in Shanghai with 42.9%, followed by subtype B (10%), B' (12.9%), CRF07_BC (11.4%), CRF08_BC (10%), CRF02_AG (4.3%), G (2.9%), and K (1.4%). In addition, three new intersubtype and/or inter-CRF recombinants were detected including B'/CRF01_AE (1.4%), U/G (1.4%), and U/CRF01_AE (1.4%). The mutations conferring primary and secondary resistance to PIs were detected in 3 of 70 (4.3%) patients and the mutations conferring resistance to RTIs were identified in 12 of 70 (17.2%) patients, among whom 11 of 15 (73.3%) and 1 of 55 (1.8%) were ARV-treated and treatment-naive individuals, respectively (p < 0.01). This study reveals the emergence of genetic diversity of HIV-1 currently circulating in Shanghai. HIV-1 infection by heterosexual contact is still a major route for introduction of HIV-1 variants into this city in recent years. It is believed that this information may help to guide recommendations for diagnostic assays, vaccine design, and antiretroviral regimen strategies in China.
Department of AIDS and STD, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
Ping
P
Zhong
Qichao
Q
Pan
Zhen
Z
Ning
Yile
Y
Xue
Juli
J
Gong
Xiaohong
X
Zhen
Leiming
L
Zhou
Fangwei
F
Sheng
Wei
W
Zhang
Jing
J
Gai
Hua
H
Cheng
Qing
Q
Yue
Hui
H
Xing
Minghua
M
Zhuang
Wei
W
Lu
Yiming
Y
Shao
Laiyi
L
Kang
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015751:Genes, pol / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology
D011480:Protease Inhibitors