Oral bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaws: three case reports.
Bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaws (BONJ) has been well documented recently in relation to intravenous preparations of the drug. These are most commonly used as part of the management of hypercalcaemia of malignancy and metastatic bone disease but BONJ can also occur in association with oral bisphosphonate use. The oral preparations can also be prescribed in the management of metastatic bone disease but are more commonly used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Three case reports are presented in which alendronate, risedronate and ibandronate have been associated with osteonecrosis of the jaws. A review of the recent literature is used in the discussion of the management of these cases. The authors conclude, in agreement with other published authors, that prevention and early detection could be improved to reduce the occurrence and severity of this condition. However when BONJ is diagnosed, the early application of a closely monitored conservative regimen, with consideration given to discontinuation of the bisphosphonate, may give the best chance of containing or resolving the condition.
Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Surgery Department, Edinburgh Dental Institute, 4th Floor, Lauriston Building, Lauriston Place, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA. nick.malden@lpct.scot.nhs.uk
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D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D019386:Alendronate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012968:Etidronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077557:Ibandronic Acid; D007571:Jaw Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D016155:Oral Fistula / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D010404:Penicillin V / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068296:Risedronic Acid; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D002981:Clindamycin; D000068296:Risedronic Acid; D012968:Etidronic Acid; D002710:Chlorhexidine; D000077557:Ibandronic Acid; D019386:Alendronate; D010404:Penicillin V