Upper-tract genitourinary malformations in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to determine the incidence, specific abnormalities, and clinical significance of upper-tract genitourinary malformations in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.


METHODS
Medical charts of children who received a diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia between 1985 and 2005 were reviewed.


RESULTS
Of 107 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 66 girls were identified. Of these, 14 were found to have upper-tract genitourinary abnormalities. The anomalies consisted of vesicoureteral reflux grades 1 to 3 (9), hydronephrosis (4), and duplicated collecting system (1). Two boys with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and known upper-tract genitourinary anomalies were also identified. One had ureteropelvic junction obstruction, and the other had a left malrotated kidney with hydronephrosis. Four patients (1 boy, 3 girls) underwent surgery that consisted of ureteral reimplantation (2) and ureteral stent placement (2). The reflux eventually resolved in 3 patients and worsened in 1. Hydronephrosis improved in 1 patient. None of the patients developed any impairment in renal function.


CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of upper-tract genitourinary anomalies in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia is much higher in our cohort than in the general population (21.2% vs 2%-4%). This association represents a potentially significant medical issue because some patients may require surgical intervention and antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent urinary tract infections and impairment in renal function.
Section of Pediatric Endocrinology/Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. znabhan@iupui.edu
Zeina M
ZM
Nabhan
Erica A
EA
Eugster
D000293:Adolescent; D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*