Hepatitis B virus and HIV coinfection: results of a survey on treatment practices and recommendations for therapy.
BACKGROUND
The management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection is challenged by the selection of patients for therapy, options for antiviral medications, and inconsistency in published treatment guidelines.


METHODS
A survey was sent to 161 sites in a multicenter HIV clinical trials group to assess HBV screening, criteria for initiation of therapy, and treatment choices for patients coinfected with HBV and HIV.


RESULTS
Of 161 sites, 78 completed the survey (response rate, 48.4%). Of these sites, 98.7% screened for HBV infection, 86% vaccinated HIV-infected patients who were not immune to HBV infection, and 79% made treatment decisions without referral to a hepatologist or gastroenterologist. Treatment recommendations varied; 42% of the sites initiated therapy when patients' levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were elevated and HBV DNA level was >10(5) copies/mL, whereas 49% of the sites initiated therapy in the presence of any detectable HBV DNA level. Antiviral treatment choices for patients who were not concurrently receiving antiretroviral therapy were lamivudine plus tenofovir, adefovir, or interferon. Patients concurrently receiving antiretroviral therapy received lamivudine plus tenofovir preferentially, followed by tenofovir plus emtricitabine, adefovir, or interferon. Ninety-one percent of the sites screened for hepatocellular carcinoma.


CONCLUSIONS
The majority of HIV-infected patients were screened and vaccinated for HBV infection and underwent surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma. Decisions regarding the performance of liver biopsy, threshold to initiate therapy, and criteria to discontinue therapy varied, reflecting inconsistencies in available treatment guidelines. Treatment decisions reflected concerns regarding future drug resistance in patients who are naive to antiretroviral therapy and the emergence of drug resistance in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy.
Gaglio
Paul J
PJ
Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. pg2011@columbia.edu
Sterling
Richard
R
Daniels
Eric
E
Tedaldi
Ellen
E
D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000068698:Tenofovir; D014481:United States
D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D063065:Organophosphonates; D019259:Lamivudine; C053001:adefovir; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000225:Adenine