Research approaches for improved pro-poor control of zoonoses.
BACKGROUND
Developing countries face difficulties in sustainably utilizing tools to effectively implement control measures for zoonoses. This is mainly due to dispersed and heterogeneous smallholder livestock systems, predominance of informal markets, poor infrastructure and lack of resources to deliver information, interventions, and regulations. In addition, developing countries lack an evidence base for planning and targeting control efforts. Zoonotic infections are receiving more and more international attention as diseases of neglected and impoverished communities, at the intersection between livestock production, human health, and poverty.


OBJECTIVE
To review research innovations and trends that can help identify and test targeted control strategies for zoonoses tailored to poor communities, focusing particularly on Africa.


METHODS
Review of recommendations of relevant working groups and scientific literature.


RESULTS
New and innovative research approaches promise to better capture the impact of zoonoses from a societal perspective and the perspective of poor livestock owners through more comprehensive frameworks that consider benefits of the control of zoonoses to the public health, livestock, and private sectors. It is challenging to better assure food safety in informal markets. Risk-based approaches with participatory elements provide a framework in which stakeholders can decide an appropriate level of protection to balance the needs for safe food, cheap food, and pro-poor economic growth. Appropriate information for all stakeholders and capacity-building of national and regional authorities is an important element of this process. New diagnostic tools that are accurate and easily used in developing-country health centers and markets can assist in reporting of cases, detection of patients, and testing of control strategies.


CONCLUSIONS
A research agenda on zoonoses of the livestock sector should be interdisciplinary and participatory and include intersectoral collaborations, notably between the livestock and public health sectors.
International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya. e.schelling@cgiar.org
Esther
E
Schelling
Delia
D
Grace
A Lee
AL
Willingham
Tom
T
Randolph
D000349:Africa; D000818:Animals; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000379:methods*; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000635:transmission* / Q000662:veterinary; D003906:Developing Countries; D005523:Food Supply / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D011203:Poverty; D011634:Public Health; D015047:Zoonoses