Trichostatin A prevents the accumulation of extracellular matrix in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis.
OBJECTIVE
Tissue fibrosis is a hallmark compromising feature of many disorders. In this study, we investigated the antifibrogenic effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) on cytokine-driven fibrotic responses in vitro and in vivo.


METHODS
Skin fibroblasts from patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and normal healthy control subjects were stimulated with profibrotic cytokines in combination with TSA. Human Colalpha1(I) and fibronectin were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction, and levels of soluble collagen were estimated using the SirCol collagen assay. Electromobility shift assay and confocal fluorescence microscopy were used to investigate the intracellular distribution of Smad transcription factors. For in vivo analysis, skin fibrosis was quantified by histologic assessment of mouse skin tissue in a model of bleomycin-induced fibrosis.


RESULTS
Reductions in the cytokine-induced transcription of Colalpha1(I) and fibronectin were observed in both normal and SSc skin fibroblasts following the addition of TSA. Similarly, the expression of total collagen protein in TSA-stimulated SSc skin fibroblasts was reduced to basal levels. The mechanism of action of TSA included inhibition of the nuclear translocation and DNA binding of profibrotic Smad transcription factors. Western blot analysis revealed an up-regulation of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 by TSA, leading to reduced proliferation of fibroblasts. In addition, in bleomycin-induced fibrosis in mice, TSA prevented dermal accumulation of extracellular matrix in vivo.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings provide novel insights into the epigenetic regulation of fibrosis. TSA and similar inhibitory compounds appear to represent early therapeutic strategies for achieving reversal of the cytokine-driven induction of matrix synthesis that leads to fibrosis.
Huber
Lars C
LC
Center of Experimental Rheumatism, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 25, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Lars.Huber@usz.ch
Distler
Jörg H W
JH
Moritz
Falk
F
Hemmatazad
Hossein
H
Hauser
Thomas
T
Michel
Beat A
BA
Gay
Renate E
RE
Matucci-Cerinic
Marco
M
Gay
Steffen
S
Distler
Oliver
O
Jüngel
Astrid
A
D000818:Animals; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000090602:Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051900:Smad3 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology
D024042:Collagen Type I; D000090602:Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005353:Fibronectins; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051900:Smad3 Protein; C497791:Smad3 protein, mouse; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D001761:Bleomycin; C012589:trichostatin A