Synthesis and application of a carbamazepine-imprinted polymer for solid-phase extraction from urine and wastewater.
A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) designed to enable the selective extraction of carbamazepine (CBZ) from effluent wastewater and urine samples has been synthesised using a non-covalent molecular imprinting approach. The MIP was evaluated chromatographically in the first instance and its affinity for CBZ also confirmed by solid-phase extraction (SPE). The optimal conditions for SPE consisted of conditioning of the cartridge using acidified water purified from a Milli-Q system, loading of the sample under basic aqueous conditions, clean-up using acetonitrile and elution with methanol. The attractive molecular recognition properties of the MIP gave rise to good CBZ recoveries (80%) when 100 mL of effluent water spiked with 1 microg L(-1) was percolated through the polymer. For urine samples, 2 mL samples spiked with 2.5 microg L(-1) CBZ were extracted with a recovery of 65%. For urine, the linear range was 0.05-24 mg L(-1), the limit of detection was 25 microg L(-1) and precision, expressed as relative standard deviation at 0.5 mg L(-1) (n=3), was 3.1% and 12.6% for repeatability and reproducibility between days, respectively.
Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
A
A
Beltran
E
E
Caro
R M
RM
Marcé
P A G
PA
Cormack
D C
DC
Sherrington
F
F
Borrull
D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D009570:Nitriles / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D014753:Vinyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D000927:Anticonvulsants; D008689:Methacrylates; D009570:Nitriles; D011108:Polymers; D014753:Vinyl Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C008384:methacrylic acid; D002220:Carbamazepine; C004526:azobis(isobutyronitrile); C004985:divinyl benzene