Normal and abnormal development of the spine.
Congenital malformations of the vertebrae are best understood in the context of our understanding of normal vertebral development. The author provides an in-depth discussion of normal vertebral development from gastrulation through vertebral ossification and provides multiple examples of how various disorders of vertebral development could lead to a variety of observed vertebral malformations.
Department of Neurosurgery H110, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. mdias@psu.edu <mdias@psu.edu>
Mark S
MS
Dias
D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009672:Notochord / Q000196:embryology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D019170:Somites / Q000502:physiology; D013131:Spine / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology*