Fat cell-derived modulators of vascular cell pathophysiology: the list keeps growing.
Independent of the association of obesity with dyslipidemia, hypertension, and increased propensity for diabetes, fatness per se is increasingly recognized as a cardiovascular offender. That adipose tissue releases a wide range of adipokines, growth factors, enzymes, and enzyme substrates linked to vascular injury provides a plausible explanation for the role of fat in vascular disease: tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, resistin, interleukin-1, -6, -8, and -18, serum amyloid A, monocyte chemoattractant protein I, macrophage inhibitory factor, aortic carboxypeptidase, hepa-rin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor beta, angiotensinogen, cathepsin S, estradiol, cortisol, mineralocorticoid releasing factor, and calcitonin peptides are probable fat-derived prothrombotic, proinflammatory, and proatherosclerotic agents acting in a paracrine and/or endocrine manner. Other adipocyte products such as adiponectin, transforming growth factor beta, and interleukin-10 exert some antiatherogenic effects. The following is a short overview of how adipose tissue products affect the vasculature.
Marcus
Yonit
Y
Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Stern
Naftali
N
D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002450:Cell Communication; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology
D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins