Cytotoxicity of honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom in normal human lymphocytes and HL-60 cells.
Whole bee venom (BV) is used to treat inflammatory diseases in Korean traditional medicine. Various studies have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of BV. The toxicity of individual components of BV has been widely studied, although few studies have reported on the toxicity of BV. We sought to evaluate the cytotoxicity of BV in normal human lymphocytes and HL-60 cells. When cells were treated with BV at concentrations of 1 or 5 microg/ml, BV induced cell death in a time-dependent manner until 24 h, but these cytotoxic effects ended thereafter. When cells were treated with BV at a concentration of 10 microg/ml, however, viability decreased until 72 h, which may have been due to the half-life of BV. Whole BV also inhibited proliferation in these cells. BV induced DNA fragmentation and micronuclei in HL-60 cells and DNA fragmentation in human lymphocytes. Phosphate and tensin homolog (PTEN) up-regulation in HL-60 cells may induce S-phase cell cycle arrest. Forkhead transcription factor (FKHR and FKHRL1) up-regulation in human lymphocytes by whole BV treatment may be involved in the repair of damaged DNA and reduce genotoxicity. Based on these results, whole BV may exert cytotoxicity in these two cells in a different fashion.
Lee
Young Joon
YJ
School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-460, Republic of Korea.
Kang
Su Jin
SJ
Kim
Byeong Mo
BM
Kim
Yang Jee
YJ
Woo
Hae Dong
HD
Chung
Hai Won
HW
D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001514:Bee Venoms / Q000633:toxicity*; D001516:Bees / Q000737:chemistry*; D048430:Cell Shape; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
D001514:Bee Venoms