Adipocytokine profile of type 2 diabetics in metabolic syndrome as defined by various criteria.
BACKGROUND
This study aims to identify which among the metabolic syndrome (MS) definitions are closely associated with pathological levels of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, tumour necrosis alpha (TNF-alpha) and C-reactive protein (CRP) among type 2 diabetics.


METHODS
Three hundred and five (160 males; 145 females) adult type 2 diabetic Saudis participated in this cross-sectional study. Leptin, adiponectin, resistin, TNF-alpha and CRP were analysed, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Each participant was screened for MS based on the definitions of WHO, AHA/NHLBI and IDF.


RESULTS
IDF holds the most identified patients [190 (62.3%)] in both, males [107 (66.9%)], and females [83 (57.2%)]. In males, hyperleptinemia, hypoadiponectinemia and hyperresistinemia were strongest in the AHA/NHLBI-defined MS [odds ratio (95% confidence interval 'CI') of 2.03 (1.05-3.93); 1.31 (0.55-3.1); 1.63 (0.42-6.4) respectively]. The risk of elevated CRP was highest on the WHO definition [odds ratio (95% CI) of 2.04 (0.46-9.04)]. In females, the IDF-defined MS has the strongest association in all four parameters: odds ratio (95% CI), as follows: leptin [2.09 (0.14-30.71)]; adiponectin [6.00 (0.47-76.17)]; resistin [0.47 (0.18-1.23)] and CRP [3.07 (0.21-45.10)].


CONCLUSIONS
Gender differences exist in assessing the risk of various adipocytokine abnormalities in relation to the various criteria. This study supports the use of IDF definition among females and AHA/NHLBI in males in studies involving MS and obesity, since these definitions hold stronger predicting powers in detecting pathological levels of key adipocytokines.
Al-Daghri
Nasser M
NM
College of Science, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. aldaghri2000@hotmail.com
Al-Attas
Omar S
OS
Al-Rubeaan
Khalid
K
Sallam
Reem
R
D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin; D052243:Resistin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein