Sorafenib with interferon alfa-2b as first-line treatment of advanced renal carcinoma: a phase II study of the Southwest Oncology Group.
OBJECTIVE
This phase II study evaluated the activity of combined treatment with interferon alfa-2b and sorafenib, a Raf and multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced renal carcinoma.


METHODS
Eligible patients had metastatic or unresectable renal carcinoma with a clear-cell component, no prior systemic therapy, performance status 0 to 1, and measurable disease. Treatment consisted of interferon alfa-2b 10 x 10(6) U subcutaneously three times weekly and sorafenib 400 mg orally bid. The primary end point was confirmed Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors response rate.


RESULTS
Twelve (19%) of 62 assessable patients achieved an objective confirmed response. An additional 31 (50%) had an unconfirmed partial response or stable disease as best response. The median progression-free survival was 7 months (95% CI, 4 to 11 months). The most common adverse events were fatigue, anorexia, anemia, diarrhea, nausea, rigors/chills, leukopenia, fever, and transaminase elevation. Von Hippel-Lindau gene mutations were detected in four (22%) of 18 archival tumor specimens.


CONCLUSIONS
The confirmed response rate for the combination of sorafenib and interferon in advanced renal carcinoma is greater than expected with either interferon or sorafenib alone. The toxicity of this combination is dominated by adverse events common to interferon that limit further development of this regimen.
Ryan
Christopher W
CW
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Goldman
Bryan H
BH
Lara
Primo N
PN
Mack
Philip C
PC
Beer
Tomasz M
TM
Tangen
Catherine M
CM
Lemmon
Dianne
D
Pan
Chong-Xian
CX
Drabkin
Harry A
HA
Crawford
E David
ED
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000077157:Sorafenib; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib