Delivery of drugs and macromolecules to mitochondria.
Mitochondria is where the bulk of the cell's ATP is produced. Mutations occur to genes coding for members of the complexes involved in energy production. Some are a result of damages to nuclear coded genes and others to mitochondrial coded genes. This review describes approaches to bring small molecules, proteins and RNA/DNA into mitochondria. The purpose is to repair damaged genes as well as to interrupt mitochondrial function including energy production, oxygen radical formation and the apoptotic pathway.
Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, 175 S. University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2063, USA. mukhopad@purdue.edu
Abhijit
A
Mukhopadhyay
Henry
H
Weiner
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D028361:Mitochondrial Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D000090622:Mitochondrial Precursor Protein Import Complex Proteins; D009861:Onium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D020135:Peptide Nucleic Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000235:genetics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D014320:Triphenylmethyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; D000090622:Mitochondrial Precursor Protein Import Complex Proteins; D009861:Onium Compounds; D020135:Peptide Nucleic Acids; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C438387:TIMM23 protein, human; D014320:Triphenylmethyl Compounds; C011561:triphenylmethylphosphonium