The painful shoulder: when to inject and when to refer.
Physicians can usually diagnose the cause of shoulder pain by performing a focused history and physical examination and ordering anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. Treatment depends on the cause and can include physical therapy, injections of corticosteroids into the joint space or bursa, and surgery. This paper reviews the diagnosis and treatment of impingement syndrome, adhesive capsulitis, rotator cuff tears, and arthritis of the glenohumeral joint and acromioclavicular (AC) joint.
Department of Orthopaedics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA. codsim@ccf.org
Michael J
MJ
Codsi
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012782:Shoulder / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D019534:Shoulder Impingement Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine