NK cell lysis of HIV-1-infected autologous CD4 primary T cells: requirement for IFN-mediated NK activation by plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
In vivo, several mechanisms have been postulated to protect HIV-1-infected cells from NK surveillance. In vitro, previous research indicates HIV-1-infected autologous CD4(+) primary T cells are resistant to NK lysis. We hypothesized that NK lysis of HIV-1-infected target cells would be augmented by the presence of accessory cells and/or accessory cell factors. In this study, we show that stimulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) with the TLR9 agonist, CpG ODN 2216, triggered NK lysis of HIV-1-infected autologous CD4(+) primary T cells. PDC-stimulated NK lysis was dependent upon MHC class I (MHC-I) down-regulation on infected cells, and primary HIV-1 isolates that exhibited enhanced MHC-I down-regulation were more susceptible to NK-mediated lysis. PDC-stimulated NK lysis of HIV-1-infected autologous CD4(+) primary T cells was blocked by neutralizing Abs to type 1 IFN and was perforin/granzyme dependent. Overall, our data suggest that HIV-infected cells are not innately resistant to NK lysis, and that exogenous NK stimulation derived from PDC can trigger NK cytotoxicity against HIV-1-infected autologous CD4(+) primary T cells.
HIV Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Costin
C
Tomescu
Jihed
J
Chehimi
Vernon C
VC
Maino
Luis J
LJ
Montaner
D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007372:Interferons / Q000276:immunology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000819:agonists / Q000276:immunology
D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; C495371:TLR9 protein, human; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D007372:Interferons