Determining the efficacy of a resiliency training approach in adults with type 2 diabetes.
The purpose of this randomized clinical study was to test the efficacy of a resiliency training approach for people with diabetes who have previously received standard diabetes self-education.



A single-blinded, randomized design was employed with repeated measures (baseline, 3 months, 6 months) with 67 participants assigned to either treatment as usual (n = 37) or the resiliency classes (n = 30). Outcome variables included physiological measures (glycosylated hemoglobin, waist measurement, eating and exercise habits) and psychosocial measures (self-efficacy, locus of control, social support, and purpose in life).



Analyses of variance indicated that the intervention group had higher levels of resiliency as reported by knowing positive ways of coping with diabetes-related stress, knowing enough about themselves to make right diabetes choices, having fun in life, eating healthier, and increasing physical activity compared with the control group at 3 months (P < .05). Glycosylated hemoglobin and waist measurement improved but not significantly.



Interventions to foster resilience among people with diabetes have the potential to make an important contribution to increasing positive life outcomes. Diabetes educators using the resiliency approach in tandem with standard diabetes education programs can assist their patients to become more self-directed in their diabetes care.
Bradshaw
Beverly G
BG
St Marks Diabetes Center, St Marks Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, and the University of Utah, Health Sciences Center, College of Health, Salt Lake City
Richardson
Glenn E
GE
St Marks Diabetes Center, St Marks Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, and the University of Utah, Health Sciences Center, College of Health, Salt Lake City
Kumpfer
Karol
K
St Marks Diabetes Center, St Marks Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, and the University of Utah, Health Sciences Center, College of Health, Salt Lake City
Carlson
Joseph
J
St Marks Diabetes Center, St Marks Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, and the University of Utah, Health Sciences Center, College of Health, Salt Lake City
Stanchfield
John
J
St Marks Diabetes Center, St Marks Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, and the University of Utah, Health Sciences Center, College of Health, Salt Lake City
Overall
James
J
St Marks Diabetes Center, St Marks Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, and the University of Utah, Health Sciences Center, College of Health, Salt Lake City
Brooks
Ann Marie
AM
St Marks Diabetes Center, St Marks Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, and the University of Utah, Health Sciences Center, College of Health, Salt Lake City
Kulkarni
Karmeen
K
St Marks Diabetes Center, St Marks Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, and the University of Utah, Health Sciences Center, College of Health, Salt Lake City
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D012648:Self Care; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012944:Social Support