[Grading of the Voice Handicap Index].
BACKGROUND
The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) questionnaire is currently regarded as the gold standard for the measurement of subjective suffering caused by dysphonia. The object of this study was to show how to weight or grade the result yielded by the VHI. To this end, the result obtained with the VHI was graded against the external criterion of health-related quality of life and also compared with the VHI results obtained in persons not affected by dysphonia.


METHODS
A total of 101 patients (61 women, 40 men) aged between 19 and 86 (48.4 +/- 14.6) years and suffering from benign dysphonia (organic in 62%, functional in 38%: 62% and 38%, respectively in the women, 63% and 37%, respectively, in the men) took part in the study. The instruments used were a German version of the VHI and the SF-36 Health Survey on health-related quality of life, which is commercially available.


RESULTS
There are two subscales to the SF-36, but only the values for physical health were significantly reduced and correlated significantly with the results on the VHI scale. This subscale was therefore used as the external standard for grading of the VHI results. Following the separation of the VHI results recorded in the nondysphonic test subjects a four-point grading of the VHI results emerged.


CONCLUSIONS
VHI values of 0-11 are classified as grade 0 suffering (almost certainly not noticeable), while values of 12-28 reflect grade 1 (more likely unnoticeable than conspicuous) suffering; values of 29-56 reflect grade 2 suffering (more probably noticeable than not), and values of 57-120 suggest a classification of certainly noticeable and are graded as grade 3 suffering.
Grässel
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E
Bereich Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie der Psychiatrischen und Psychotherapeutischen Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Hoppe
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U
Rosanowski
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F
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D055154:Dysphonia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult