TNM staging of midgut and hindgut (neuro) endocrine tumors: a consensus proposal including a grading system.
Criteria for the staging and grading of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of midgut and hindgut origin were established at the second Consensus Conference in Frascati (Rome) organized by the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS). The proposed tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classifications are based on the recently published ENETS Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of gastroenteropancreatic NETs and follow our previous proposal for foregut tumors. The new TNM classifications for NETs of the ileum, appendix, colon, and rectum, and the grading system were designed, discussed, and consensually approved by all conference participants. These proposals need to be validated and are meant to help clinicians in the stratification, treatment and follow-up of patients.
Department of Pathology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy. guido.rindi@unipr.it
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G
Rindi
G
G
Klöppel
A
A
Couvelard
P
P
Komminoth
M
M
Körner
J M
JM
Lopes
A-M
AM
McNicol
O
O
Nilsson
A
A
Perren
A
A
Scarpa
J-Y
JY
Scoazec
B
B
Wiedenmann
D001063:Appendiceal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D005060:Europe; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007078:Ileal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*