Treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
Neuroendocrine tumors are rare; thus, individual experience with the diagnosis and treatment of these tumors is mostly low, except in specialized centers. For histological diagnosis, standards have been described recently. Pathological classification and clinical staging influence diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. This chapter aims at demonstrating the importance of pathological and clinical classification of neuroendocrine tumors on therapeutic decisions, indicating the appropriate therapy for different stages of the disease. Surgical therapy will be discussed shortly, including palliative surgical strategies. However, the focus of the manuscript is medical therapy. Biotherapy, its effects, and remaining uncertainties are presented as well as different chemotherapeutic schemes. Finally, new options of palliative medical therapies like kinase inhibitors and anti-angiogenetic drugs will be discussed.
Interdiziplinäres Stoffwechsel-CentrumCharité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. ursula.ploeckinger@charite.de
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Plöckinger
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Wiedenmann
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004067:Digestive System Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures; D006801:Humans; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents