Metabolic regulatory network alterations in response to acute cold stress and ginsenoside intervention.
Acute stress may trigger systemic biochemical and physiological changes in living organisms, leading to a rapid loss of homeostasis, which can be gradually reinstated by self-regulatory mechanisms and/or drug intervention strategy. However, such a sophisticated metabolic regulatory process has so far been poorly understood, especially from a holistic view. Urinary metabolite profiling of Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to cold temperature (-10 degrees C) for 2 h using GC/MS in conjunction with modern multivariate statistical techniques revealed drastic biochemical changes as evidenced by fluctuations of urinary metabolites and demonstrated the protective effect of total ginsenosides (TGs) in ginseng extracts on stressed rats. The metabonomics approach enables us to visualize significant alterations in metabolite expression patterns as a result of stress-induced metabolic responses and post-stress compensation, and drug intervention. Several major metabolic pathways including catecholamines, glucocorticoids, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, tryptophan (nicotinate), and gut microbiota metabolites were identified to be involved in metabolic regulation and compensation required to restore homeostasis.
School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China. weijia@sjtu.edu.cn
Xiaoyan
X
Wang
Mingming
M
Su
Yunping
Y
Qiu
Yan
Y
Ni
Tie
T
Zhao
Mingmei
M
Zhou
Aihua
A
Zhao
Shengli
S
Yang
Liping
L
Zhao
Wei
W
Jia
D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D003080:Cold Temperature; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013697:Thermosensing
D036145:Ginsenosides