Dietary carbohydrates, glycemic index, glycemic load, and endometrial cancer risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort.
The associations of dietary total carbohydrates, overall glycemic index, total dietary glycemic load, total sugars, total starch, and total fiber with endometrial cancer risk were analyzed among 288,428 women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort (1992-2004), including 710 incident cases diagnosed during a mean 6.4 years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals. There were no statistically significant associations with endometrial cancer risk for increasing quartile intakes of any of the exposure variables. However, in continuous models calibrated by using 24-hour recall values, the multivariable relative risks were 1.61 (95% confidence interval: 1.06, 2.45) per 100 g/day of total carbohydrates, 1.40 (95% confidence interval: 0.99, 1.99) per 50 units/day of total dietary glycemic load, and 1.36 (95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.76) per 50 g/day of total sugars. These associations were stronger among women who had never used postmenopausal hormone therapy compared with ever users (total carbohydrates p(heterogeneity) = 0.04). Data suggest no association of overall glycemic index, total starch, and total fiber with risk, and a possible modest positive association of total carbohydrates, total dietary glycemic load, and total sugars with risk, particularly among never users of hormone replacement therapy.
Cust
Anne E
AE
Nutrition and Hormones Unit, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. annec@health.usyd.edu.au
Slimani
Nadia
N
Kaaks
Rudolf
R
van Bakel
Marit
M
Biessy
Carine
C
Ferrari
Pietro
P
Laville
Martine
M
Tjønneland
Anne
A
Olsen
Anja
A
Overvad
Kim
K
Lajous
Martin
M
Clavel-Chapelon
Francoise
F
Boutron-Ruault
Marie-Christine
MC
Linseisen
Jakob
J
Rohrmann
Sabine
S
Nöthlings
Ute
U
Boeing
Heiner
H
Palli
Domenico
D
Sieri
Sabina
S
Panico
Salvatore
S
Tumino
Rosario
R
Sacerdote
Carlotta
C
Skeie
Guri
G
Engeset
Dagrun
D
Gram
Inger Torhild
IT
Quirós
J Ramón
JR
Jakszyn
Paula
P
Sánchez
María José
MJ
Larrañaga
Nerea
N
Navarro
Carmen
C
Ardanaz
Eva
E
Wirfält
Elisabet
E
Berglund
Göran
G
Lundin
Eva
E
Hallmans
Göran
G
Bueno-de-Mesquita
H Bas
HB
Du
Huaidong
H
Peeters
Petra H M
PH
Bingham
Sheila
S
Khaw
Kay-Tee
KT
Allen
Naomi E
NE
Key
Timothy J
TJ
Jenab
Mazda
M
Riboli
Elio
E
D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005062:European Union / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D038321:Glycemic Index; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013213:Starch; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D013213:Starch