Present-day uses of niacin: effects on lipid and non-lipid parameters.
Existing guidelines for the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease focus on lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as the primary lipid target. However, there has been increasing interest in raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) due to strong evidence linking low HDL-C levels with an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Raising HDL-C levels with lifestyle changes and pharmacologic interventions appear to reduce the risk of coronary artery disease beyond that of lowering LDL-C alone. Niacin has a substantial HDL-C raising effect, and also may beneficially alter total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglyceride levels. Niacin also exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other beneficial effects on atherosclerosis. Niacin is safe and effective to use in women, in patients with diabetes mellitus and/or metabolic syndrome, and when used in combination with statins. Niacin has the promise of being a powerful pharmacologic agent in the fight against atherosclerotic disease, although additional clinical studies are required to examine this further.
Sanyal
Sanjukta
S
Tufts-New England Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
Karas
Richard H
RH
Kuvin
Jeffrey T
JT
D000818:Animals; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D009525:Niacin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008055:Lipids; D009525:Niacin