A moderate dose of red wine, but not de-alcoholized red wine increases coronary flow reserve.
BACKGROUND
Red wine consumption is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease mortality. Its cardioprotective properties may be partly related to its ability to improve endothelial function. The purpose of this randomized controlled cross-over study was to determine whether moderate doses of red wine and de-alcoholized red wine improve coronary flow velocity reserve (CFR).


METHODS
Using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, 176 CFR measurements were made in 22 healthy men before and after ingestion of a moderate (4.0+/-0.4 dl) and an escalating high dose (total amount 8.1+/-0.9 dl) of alcohol-containing red wine and de-alcoholized red wine, which contained similar amounts of phenolic substances. The difference in plasma antioxidant capacity was determined by colorimetric assay kit.


RESULTS
Red wine increased CFR from 3.8+/-1.4 to 4.5+/-1.4 (p<0.01) and 4.0+/-1.2 (p=NS) after moderate and high doses, respectively; whereas de-alcoholized red wine had no significant effects on CFR (4.0+/-0.7, 4.3+/-1.3 and 4.5+/-1.4, respectively). Plasma antioxidant capacity increased significantly after high dose of red wine (27.5+/-14.7%, p<0.001), but not after de-alcoholized red wine (0.5+/-10.5%, p=NS) despite similar amounts of phenolic substances. Differences between CFR and plasma antioxidant capacities before and after drinking had no significant association.


CONCLUSIONS
A moderate dose of red wine, but not de-alcoholized red wine increases CFR. The increase of CFR is probably mediated by other than direct antioxidant properties of polyphenols, because the simultaneous increase of CFR and plasma antioxidant capacity were not associated.
Kiviniemi
Tuomas O
TO
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. tuoski@utu.fi
Saraste
Antti
A
Toikka
Jyri O
JO
Saraste
Markku
M
Raitakari
Olli T
OT
Pärkkä
Jussi P
JP
Lehtimäki
Terho
T
Hartiala
Jaakko J
JJ
Viikari
Jorma
J
Koskenvuo
Juha W
JW
D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004452:Echocardiography; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D014920:Wine
D000975:Antioxidants