Complex compartmental behavior of small water-soluble uremic retention solutes: evaluation by direct measurements in plasma and erythrocytes.
BACKGROUND
Although scanty data suggest that large solutes show kinetic behavior different from urea, there are virtually no data comparing the kinetics of urea with those of other small water-soluble uremic compounds, which are believed to behave similarly.


METHODS
Cross-sectional study of kinetics of urea and guanidino compounds in plasma and erythrocyte compartments during a single hemodialysis session.


METHODS
Six stable hemodialysis patients on standard low-flux dialysis therapy.


METHODS
Reduction ratios (RRs) of urea calculated from plasma and erythrocyte concentrations.


RESULTS
RRs for guanidino compounds calculated from measurements of both plasma and erythrocyte concentrations.


METHODS
Blood samples were collected from the dialyzer inlet and outlet at 0, 5, 15, 30, and 120 minutes and at the end of the session. Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of urea and guanidino compounds (creatinine [CTN], guanidinosuccinic acid [GSA], guanidinoacetic acid [GAA], guanidine [G], and methylguanidine [MG]) were determined.


RESULTS
Postdialysis plasma RR was higher for GSA (82% +/- 3%) compared with urea (77% +/- 2%; P < 0.01), whereas CTN (69% +/- 4%), GAA (49% +/- 14%), G (55% +/- 7%), and MG (55% +/- 7%) showed smaller RRs (P < 0.01). In erythrocytes, GSA (45% +/- 1%), G (10% +/- 13%), and MG (27% +/- 10%) showed markedly smaller RRs than urea (59% +/- 6%; P < 0.05). Finally, significant differences were found between plasma and erythrocyte RRs for urea, GSA, G, and MG (P < 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
Discrepancies were found between the biochemical and mathematical approaches. Hence, the erythrocyte compartment does not necessarily conform to the kinetic nonperfused compartment.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data indicate by means of direct estimations that the compartmental behaviors of guanidino compounds and urea are substantially different. Hence, we should consider that not all changes in concentrations in uremia and dialysis are representatively reflected by urea kinetics, even when considering other small water-soluble substances, such as the guanidino compounds.
Eloot
Sunny
S
Institute for Biomedical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. sunny.eloot@ugent.be
Torremans
An
A
De Smet
Rita
R
Marescau
Bart
B
De Deyn
Peter Paul
PP
Verdonck
Pascal
P
Vanholder
Raymond
R
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002451:Cell Compartmentation / Q000502:physiology*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012995:Solubility; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*
D014867:Water; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine