"Locusts are now our beef": adult mortality and household dietary use of local environmental resources in rural South Africa.
There is currently a lack of research on the association between demographic dynamics and household use of natural resources in rural Africa. Such work is important because in rural Africa natural resources buffer households against shocks, offering both sustenance and income-generating potential.


OBJECTIVE
The article focuses on adult mortality as a household shock, examining use of local environmental resources as related to household dietary needs.


METHODS
The authors analyze two sources of data collected during May-December 2004 in the MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt) in rural South Africa. Quantitative analyses use survey data from 240 households, stratified by adult mortality experience. Qualitative data are based on 31 interviews with members of households having recently experienced adult mortality.


RESULTS
The interviews provide insight into a variety of household-level mortality impacts and also suggest the importance of proximate resources in the maintenance of food security following the loss of an adult household member. Quantitatively, there are significant differences, both in patterns of usage of the natural environment and in levels of food security, between households that have lost an adult and those that have not. The association between mortality and household use of local environmental resources is further shaped by the gender of the deceased and the time elapsed since the death.


CONCLUSIONS
Adult mortality, particularly the death of a male wage-earner, affects household food security. Time allocation is affected as resource collection responsibilities shift, and wild foods may substitute for previously purchased goods.
Institute of Behavioral Science, Program on Environment and Society, Department of Sociology, University of Colorado at Boulder, CO 80309, USA. Lori.Hunter@colorado.edu
Lori M
LM
Hunter
Wayne
W
Twine
Laura
L
Patterson
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000401:mortality*; D000328:Adult; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012424:Rural Population; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology