Differences in clinical manifestations among Cryptosporidium species and subtypes in HIV-infected persons.
We performed a cross-sectional study to determine the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons at 3 diagnostic levels: microscopy, genotypes of Cryptosporidium, and subtype families of C. hominis and C. parvum. The study enrolled 2,490 HIV-infected persons in Lima, Peru, and 230 were microscopy positive for Cryptosporidium infection. Specimens from 193 participants were available for genotyping. They had C. hominis (141 persons), C. parvum (22 persons), C. meleagridis (17 persons), C. canis (6 persons), C. felis (6 persons), and C. suis (1 person) infection. Although microscopy results showed that Cryptosporidium infections were associated with diarrhea, only infections with C. canis, C. felis, and subtype family Id of C. hominis were associated with diarrhea, and infection with C. parvum was associated with chronic diarrhea and vomiting. These results demonstrate that different Cryptosporidium genotypes and subtype families are linked to different clinical manifestations.
Cama
Vitaliano A
VA
Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne and Enteric Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Ross
Jennifer M
JM
Crawford
Sara
S
Kawai
Vivian
V
Chavez-Valdez
Raul
R
Vargas
Daniel
D
Vivar
Aldo
A
Ticona
Eduardo
E
Navincopa
Marco
M
Williamson
John
J
Ortega
Ynes
Y
Gilman
Robert H
RH
Bern
Caryn
C
Xiao
Lihua
L
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013045:Species Specificity