Pulmonary infections in transplantation pathology.
BACKGROUND
Pulmonary infections are common and often life-threatening in solid organ and stem cell transplant recipients. Understanding their pathology is critical to making improvements in care and survival as well as in surgical techniques, immunosuppression management, prophylaxis, and treatment. Pulmonary infections are particularly common and serious in the susceptible population of lung transplant recipients.


OBJECTIVE
To summarize recent updates in the field for opportunistic infections and some common pathogens, and to consider the role of the diagnostic pulmonary histopathologist as well as advances in molecular diagnosis.


METHODS
This work is based on a selected review of the relevant medical and scientific literature, with emphasis on lung transplantation experience gained during 2 decades of practice.


CONCLUSIONS
Pulmonary infections in transplant recipients present a diagnostic challenge and are a continuing source of mortality and morbidity despite improvement in prophylaxis and treatment. Accurate diagnosis requires multidisciplinary input from clinicians, radiologists, and pathology disciplines as well as complementary molecular methods.
Stewart
Susan
S
Department of Histopathology, Papworth Hospital, Papworth Everard, Cambridge CB3 8RE, United Kingdom. susan.stewart@papworth.nhs.uk
D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000473:pathology*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D014181:Transplantation Immunology