Resveratrol alleviates cardiac dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetes: Role of nitric oxide, thioredoxin, and heme oxygenase.
Excessive oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathology and complications of diabetes, which leads to myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. The present study was designed to examine whether resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene), a polyphenolic compound present in red wine has a direct cardioprotective effect on diabetic myocardium. Resveratrol (2.5 mg/kg body wt/day) and L-NAME (25 mg/kg body wt/day) were administered orally for 15 days to streptozotocin (65 mg/kg)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: (i) control, (ii) diabetic, (iii) diabetic+resveratrol, (iv) diabetic+resveratrol+L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), and (v) diabetic+L-NAME. In our present study resveratrol demonstrated significant reduction in glucose level in diabetic rats. After the treatment, the hearts were excised and subjected to 30 min of global ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Resveratrol-treated diabetic rats demonstrated significant reduction in glucose levels as compared to the nontreated diabetic animals, and improved left ventricular function throughout reperfusion compared to the diabetic or L-NAME-treated animals (dp/dt(max) 1457+/-51 vs 999+/-44 mm Hg/s at 120 min reperfusion). Cardioprotection from ischemic injury in resveratrol-treated diabetic rats showed decreased infarct size (42% vs 51%) and cardiomyocyte apoptosis (35% vs 40%) as compared with diabetic animals. Resveratrol produced significant induction of p-AKT, p-eNOS, Trx-1, HO-1, and VEGF in addition to increased activation of MnSOD activity in diabetic animals compared to nondiabetic animals. However treatment with L-NAME in resveratrol-treated and nontreated diabetic animals demonstrated significant downregulation of the above-noted protein expression profile and MnSOD activity. In the present study we found that the mechanism(s) responsible for the cardioprotective effect of resveratrol in the diabetic myocardium include upregulation of Trx-1, NO/HO-1, and VEGF in addition to increased MnSOD activity and reduced blood glucose level. Thus this study shows a novel mechanism of pharmacological preconditioning with resveratrol in the diabetic myocardium.
Thirunavukkarasu
Mahesh
M
Department of Surgery, Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, University of Connecticut Medical Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-1110, USA.
Penumathsa
Suresh Varma
SV
Koneru
Srikanth
S
Juhasz
Bela
B
Zhan
Lijun
L
Otani
Hajime
H
Bagchi
Debasis
D
Das
Dipak K
DK
Maulik
Nilanjana
N
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D001786:Blood Glucose; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013267:Stilbenes; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013879:Thioredoxins; D013311:Streptozocin; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D000077185:Resveratrol