The 4G/4G plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 genotype is associated with frequent recurrence of acute otitis media.
OBJECTIVE
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 counterregulates cell migration, adhesion, and tissue repair. The PAI1 4G/5G promoter polymorphism has an effect on expression levels of PAI1. After a first acute otitis media episode, children are at increased risk for a next episode. Because the PAI1 4G allele is associated with higher plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 production and, hence, decreased tissue repair, we hypothesize that this allele may contribute to increased recurrence of acute otitis media.


METHODS
The PAI1 4G/5G polymorphism was genotyped in 348 Dutch children aged 1 to 7 years who were suffering from recurrent acute otitis media and participating in a randomized, controlled trial and 463 healthy control subjects, representative of the general population.


RESULTS
No significant difference in PAI1 genotype distribution between the whole acute otitis media group and control subjects was observed. However, children with the PAI1 4G/4G genotype had an increased risk of more frequent acute otitis media episodes compared with those who were homozygous for the 5G variant, also after correction for cofactors. This finding was attributable to children <4 years of age.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that the PAI1 4G/4G genotype is associated with an increased risk for the otitis-prone condition, potentially because of impaired healing after a previous otitis media episode.
Emonts
Marieke
M
Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 50, Room Ee15-02, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands. m.emonts@erasmusmc.nl
Wiertsema
Selma P
SP
Veenhoven
Reinier H
RH
Houwing-Duistermaat
Jeanine J
JJ
Walraven
Vanessa
V
de Groot
Ronald
R
Hermans
Peter W M
PW
Sanders
Elisabeth A M
EA
D000208:Acute Disease; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012008:Recurrence
D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1