[Self-medication with local anaesthetics by glaucoma patients using teletonometry].
BACKGROUND
Self-tonometry, a supplementary measurement of the intraocular pressure in ophthalmology by glaucoma patients using an automatic tonometer, will become more and more important in the future. As long as the self-tonometry has to work in the contact modus with the ocular surface, home application of a topical anaesthetic by the glaucoma patient will be a requirement for a successful measurement. So far no severe problems within this controlled self-medication have been seen. Nevertheless, public health authorities believe patient health is put at high risk by the application of local anaesthetics during self-tonometry. As there are no clinical studies of the health care, we evaluated the local tolerability of a topical anaesthetic in line with self-tonometry employing a modified tonometer OCUTON S.


METHODS
A total of 100 glaucoma patients participated in a prospective clinical study of the routine clinical service in which each was monitored for 1 year. The telemonitoring involved self-tonometry for at least 6 months in every case and Ocuton S Proparakain-POS 0.5% eyedrops (proxymetacaine-HCl) were applied by the probands before every measurement of the intraocular pressure with a modified self-tonometer. Information regarding the local tolerability of the topical anaesthetic was analysed using a standardised questionnaire. The intensity of the following subjective symptoms was listed in separate visual analogue scales for: lacrimation, burning, foreign body sensation, mucus aggregation, pruritus and pain.


RESULTS
Information from 83 glaucoma patients on local tolerability of proparacaine eyedrops could be analysed. For several reasons no data could be gathered from 17 probands, which were refusal to complete the questionnaire, cancelled participation and, in two test persons, there emerged an allergic reaction (local eyelid redness and swelling) which necessitated a change to a different topical anaesthetic. In all other participants the application was carried out without any significant local or systemic symptoms or side-effects. Immediately after application of the eyedrops 36.1% of the test persons suffered a minor conjunctival hyperaemia which eased off within 1 h in 20.4% of these patients. Of the interviewed glaucoma patients 91.5% judged the single symptoms on the visual analogue scale between zero and medium intensity. The severest effects, according to the subjective evaluation, were felt in symptoms of burning with a score of 94 and lacrimation graded 96. The least intensity was established in the symptom of mucus aggregation where 72.3% rated this symptom in the visual analogue scale between 0 and 10. The other symptoms pruritus, feeling of pressure and foreign body sensation hardly differed in subjective ratings.


CONCLUSIONS
A self-medication with topical anaesthetics on undamaged ocular surfaces for self-tonometry purposes can be performed by glaucoma patients without a high risk potential. However, the application presupposes that routine ophthalmological examinations are carried out according to the ophthalmological associations' recommendations. Therefore, medical care concepts which integrate self-tonometry into routine ophthalmological services and comply with the complex requirements of a modern glaucoma management should be applied more often.
Schäffner
G
G
Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Greifswald der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, AöR, Greifswald.
Antal
S
S
Jürgens
C
C
Tost
F
F
D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods*; D011430:Propoxycaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods*
D000777:Anesthetics; C005717:proxymetacaine; D011430:Propoxycaine