Microglia-derived TGF-beta as an important regulator of glioblastoma invasion--an inhibition of TGF-beta-dependent effects by shRNA against human TGF-beta type II receptor.
The invasion of tumor cells into brain tissue is a pathologic hallmark of malignant gliomas and contributes to treatment failures. Diffuse glioblastomas contain numerous microglial cells, which enhance the progression of gliomas; however, factors responsible for invasion-promoting role of microglia are unknown. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) can enhance tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis and immunosuppression. Antagonizing TGF-beta activity has been shown to inhibit tumor invasion in vitro and tumorigenicity, but a systemic inhibition or lack of TGF-beta signaling results in acute inflammation and disruption of immune system homeostasis. We developed plasmid-transcribed small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) to downregulate the TGF-beta type II receptor (TbetaIIR) expression, which effectively inhibited cytokine-induced signaling pathways and transcriptional responses in transiently transfected human glioblastoma cells. Silencing of TbetaIIR abolished TGF-beta-induced glioblastoma invasiveness and migratory responses in vitro. Moreover, tumorigenicity of glioblastoma cells stably expressing TbetaIIR shRNAs in nude mice was reduced by 50%. Microglia strongly enhanced glioma invasiveness in the co-culture system, but this invasion-promoting activity was lost in glioma cells stably expressing shTbetaRII, indicating a crucial role of microglia-derived TGF-beta in tumor-host interactions. Our results demonstrate a successful targeting of TGF-beta-dependent invasiveness and tumorigenicity of glioblastoma cells by RNAi-mediated gene silencing.
Wesolowska
A
A
Laboratory of Transcription Regulation, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
Kwiatkowska
A
A
Slomnicki
L
L
Dembinski
M
M
Master
A
A
Sliwa
M
M
Franciszkiewicz
K
K
Chouaib
S
S
Kaminska
B
B
D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D020868:Gene Silencing / Q000502:physiology*; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007797:Laminin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D004338:Drug Combinations; D007797:Laminin; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C059485:matrigel; D003094:Collagen; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II