Aircraft accidents and incidents associated with visual effects from bright light exposures during low-light flight operations.
BACKGROUND
Preservation of optimal night vision is important for pilots operating aircraft in low-light conditions. This study investigates operational problems experienced by civilian airmen exposed to bright light sources while performing nighttime aviation activities.


METHODS
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Aviation Accident and Incident Data System and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Accident/Incident Data System were queried using terms associated with night vision problems. Accident and incident reports annotated with 1 or more of these terms were reviewed to determine whether exposure to bright lights at night may have contributed to the mishap.


RESULTS
Vision problems resulting from exposure to bright lights at night contributed to 58 mishaps. Reports included 30 (NTSB) accidents and 28 (FAA/NTSB) incidents. The majority of accidents (57%) occurred during the approach and landing phase of flight. Incidents occurred most frequently while taxiing (54%) and during approach and landing (36%).


CONCLUSIONS
Exposure to bright light sources at night has contributed to aviation accidents and incidents. The information in this study may assist airport authorities in identifying and eliminating hazardous lighting near flight paths and surface movement areas. Preventive measures for avoiding conditions that compromise the safety of aviation operations at night are discussed.
Nakagawara
Van B
VB
Federal Aviation Administration, Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, Oklahoma City, OK 73105, USA. van.nakagawara@faa.gov
Montgomery
Ronald W
RW
Wood
Kathryn J
KJ
D000060:Accidents, Aviation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019466:Glare / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008027:Light / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008029:Lighting; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology*