Role of MRI in investigating the effects of elastic compression stockings on the deformation of the superficial and deep veins in the lower leg.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the potential of MRI to investigate the mechanical effects of compression stockings on the veins of the lower limb.


METHODS
The right calves of eight healthy volunteers were imaged in the prone position, with and without the presence of a compression stocking. Cross-sectional areas of all peroneal and posterior tibial veins, both saphenous veins, and any sufficiently large superficial veins were segmented in all subjects at mid-calf level in both cases. Variation in cross-sectional area along the axis of the great saphenous vein and a peroneal vein was also examined in three subjects.


RESULTS
The mean cross-sectional area reduction was found to be greater in the deep veins (64%) than in the superficial veins (39%). Deep-vein cross-sections were generally elliptical, while superficial veins were approximately circular. Significant axial fluctuations were found in the cross-sectional areas.


CONCLUSIONS
MRI offers a precise source of data on the mechanical effects of lower-limb compression. Ultrasound (US) may be more cost-effective, but the data acquired are less comprehensive. Future biomechanical studies of lower-limb compression should make use of MRI.
Downie
Steven P
SP
Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, UK. steven.downie@imperial.ac.uk
Firmin
David N
DN
Wood
Nigel B
NB
Thom
Simon A
SA
Hughes
Alun D
AD
Wolfe
John N H
JN
Xu
X Yun
XY
D000328:Adult; D001458:Bandages; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D016684:Prone Position; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000628:therapy*