Identification of palmitate-regulated genes in HepG2 cells by applying microarray analysis.
Palmitate is the most abundant saturated fatty acid in the human diet and the major one synthesized de novo. To identify palmitate-regulated genes we performed whole genome mRNA expression profiling by using human hepatoma HepG2 cells. We identified eleven genes which are significantly (single-sided permutational t-test, p<0.05) regulated by low concentration of palmitate (50 microM). We observed a decreased expression of five metallothioneins, and an increased expression of liver expressed plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 protein and insulin-like growth factor II, which play a prominent role in the development of the metabolic syndrome. Comparative promoter analysis in-silico revealed common transcriptional regulation of differentially expressed genes through erythroid kruppel-like factor and members of the zinc binding protein factor family. In conclusion, low physiological palmitate concentrations changed expression of very responsive genes.
Vock
Christina
C
Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Research, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
Gleissner
Mareike
M
Klapper
Maja
M
Döring
Frank
F
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000235:genetics; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019308:Palmitic Acid; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D008668:Metallothionein