Head-to-head bis-hairpin polyamide minor groove binders and their conjugates with triplex-forming oligonucleotides: studies of interaction with target double-stranded DNA.
Two hairpin hexa(N-methylpyrrole)carboxamide DNA minor groove binders (MGB) were linked together via their N-termini in head-to-head orientation. Complex formation between these bis-MGB conjugates and target DNA has been studied using DNase I footprinting, circular dichroism, thermal dissociation, and molecular modeling. DNase I footprint revealed binding of these conjugates to all the sites of 492 b.p. DNA fragment containing (A/T)(n)X(m)(A/T)(p) sequences, where n>3, p>3; m=1,2; X = A,T,G, or C. Binding affinity depended on the sequence context of the target. CD experiments and molecular modeling showed that oligo(N-methylpyrrole)carboxamide moieties in the complex form two short antiparallel hairpins rather than a long parallel head-to-head hairpin. Binding of bis-MGB also stabilized a target duplex thermodynamically. Sequence specificity of bis-MGB/DNA binding was validated using bis-conjugates of sequence-specific hairpin (N-methylpyrrole)/(N-methylimidazole) carboxamides. In order to increase the size of recognition sequence, the conjugates of bis-MGB with triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFO) were synthesized and compared to TFO conjugated with single MGB hairpin unit. Bis-MGB-oligonucleotide conjugates also bind to two blocks of three and more A.T/T.A pairs similarly to bis-MGB alone, independently of the oligonucleotide moiety, but with lower affinity. However, the role of TFO in DNA recognition was demonstrated for mono-MGB-TFO conjugate where the binding was detected mainly in the area of the target sequence consisting of both MGB and TFO recognition sites. Basing on the molecular modeling, three-dimensional models of both target DNA/bis-MGB and target DNA/TFO-bis-MGB complexes were built, where bis-MGB forms two antiparallel hairpins. According to the second model, one MGB hairpin is in the minor groove of 5'-adjacent A/T sequence next to the triplex-forming region, whereas the other one occupies the minor groove of the TFO binding polypurine tract. All these data together give a key information for the construction of MGB-MGB and MGB-oligonucleotide conjugates possessing high specificity and affinity for the target double-stranded DNA.
Halby
Ludovic
L
Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, RDDM, USM 0503, 57 rue Cuvier, B.P. 26, Paris Cedex 05, F-75231 France.
Ryabinin
Vladimir A
VA
Sinyakov
Alexandre N
AN
Novopashina
Darya S
DS
Venyaminova
Alya G
AG
Grokhovsky
Serguei L
SL
Surovaya
Anna N
AN
Gursky
Georgy V
GV
Boutorine
Alexandre S
AS
D000577:Amides / Q000737:chemistry; D001483:Base Sequence; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000378:metabolism; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000737:chemistry
D000577:Amides; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D010755:Organophosphates; C065086:mono-n-butylphosphoric acid; D004247:DNA; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I