Introduction: organ involvement in the cardiometabolic syndrome.
The cardiometabolic syndrome is a construct associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, and stroke), chronic kidney disease, and the metabolic hepatopathy referred to as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Thus, the term cardiometabolic syndrome includes all of these metabolic, islet, cardiovascular, renal, and hepatic disorders and clustering clinical syndromes. This overview of the cardiometabolic syndrome is designed to review the clinical complications and the end-organ cellular and extracellular matrix remodeling events that occur with the cardiometabolic syndrome. The MINER acronym will serve as an outline, representing: Myocardial and metabolic-hepatopathy, Intimal and islet, Neurovascular, Endothelial, and Renal oxidation-reduction (redox) stress and remodeling.
Hayden
Melvin R
MR
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA. mrh29@usmo.com
Stump
Craig S
CS
Sowers
James R
JR
D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012307:Risk Factors