Sex difference in survival of patients treated by surgical resection for esophageal cancer.
BACKGROUND
Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for most of the esophageal cancers in Japan and is often related to excessive smoking and drinking. Although esophageal cancer occurs far more frequently in men than in women, it is not certain whether there are sex-specific differences in morbidity and mortality after surgical resection of the esophagus. We conducted a study to determine the influence of sex on the short- and long-term results of surgical resection in patients with esophageal cancer.


METHODS
There were 295 patients with a newly diagnosed primary malignant neoplasm of the esophagus treated at our University hospital between January 1978 and December 2005. There were 185 patients (166 men, 19 women; age range 39-86 years) who underwent surgical resection for primary esophageal malignant neoplasms. Survival rates were calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method and tested with the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess independent predictors of survival.


RESULTS
The cumulative amount of alcohol consumed and number of cigarettes smoked were significantly higher in men than in women. Postoperative complications occurred in 101 men (60.8%) and 9 women (47.4%), but significant sex differences in postoperative morbidity and mortality were not observed. Overall survival was significantly better for women than for men.


CONCLUSIONS
Postoperative morbidity and mortality do not appear to differ between men and women with esophageal cancer treated by surgical resection. Long-term survival after surgical resection of the esophagus appears to be significantly better for women than for men.
Hidaka
Hideki
H
Department of Surgical Oncology and Regulation of Organ Function, Miyazaki University School of Medicine, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan.
Hotokezaka
Masayuki
M
Nakashima
Shinya
S
Uchiyama
Shuichiro
S
Maehara
Naoki
N
Chijiiwa
Kazuo
K
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D018307:Neoplasms, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D016019:Survival Analysis