The concentrations, distribution and sources of PAHs in agricultural soils and vegetables from Shunde, Guangdong, China.
The concentrations, distribution and sources of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in 30 agricultural soil and 16 vegetable samples collected from subtropical Shunde area, an important manufacturing center in China. The total PAHs ranged from 33.7 to 350 microg/kg in soils, and 82 to 1,258 microg/kg in vegetables. The most abundant individual PAHs are phenanthrene, fluoranthene, chrysene, pyrene and benzo(b)fluoranthene for soil samples, and anthracene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene and chrysene for vegetable samples. Average vegetable-soil ratios of total PAHs were 2.20 for leafy vegetables and 1.27 for fruity vegetables. Total PAHs in vegetable samples are not significantly correlated to those in corresponding soil samples. Principal component analyses were conducted to distinguish samples on basis of their distribution in each town, soil type and vegetable specie. Relatively abundant soil PAHs were found in town Jun'an, Beijiao, Chencun, Lecong and Ronggui, while abundant vegetable PAHs were observed in town Jun'an, Lecong, Xingtan, Daliang and Chenchun. The highest level of total PAHs were found in vegetable soil, followed by pond sediment and "stacked soil" on pond banks. The PAHs contents in leafy vegetables are higher than those in fruity vegetables. Some PAH compound ratios suggest the PAHs derived from incomplete combustion of petroleum, coal and refuse from power generation and ceramic manufacturing, and paint spraying on furniture, as well as sewage irrigation from textile industries. Soil PAHs contents have significant logarithmic correlation with total organic carbon, which demonstrates the importance of soil organic matter as sorbent to prevent losses of PAHs.
Li
Yong Tao
YT
College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
Li
Fang Bai
FB
Chen
Jun Jian
JJ
Yang
Guo Yi
GY
Wan
Hong Fu
HF
Zhang
Tian Bin
TB
Zeng
Xiao Duo
XD
Liu
Jian Ming
JM
D000383:Agriculture; D002681:China; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; D012989:Soil Pollutants