Treatment of stones associated with complex or anomalous renal anatomy.
This article reviews the most common renal anomalies and the management of patients with calculus disease in anomalous kidneys. The emphasis is on minimally invasive techniques to achieve a stone-free status with minimal morbidity.
Gupta
Mantu
M
Columbia University School of Medicine, College of Physicians & Surgeons, 11th Floor Department of Urology, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA. guptama@pol.net
Lee
Michael W
MW
D002828:Choristoma / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008096:Lithotripsy; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D018666:Ureteroscopy