[Effects of bromide and ferric ions on formation of tri-halomethanes during disinfection of drinking water by chlorine].
Effects of bromide and ferric ions on the formation and distribution of tri-halomethanes (THMs) have been investigated. As disinfection by-product (DBP) model precursors of natural water, humic acid solutions were used and a series of experiments were conducted. The results showed that bromide in this reaction system not only contributed to the increase of brominated species, but also the total tri-halomethanes. When the concentration of Br(-) was 1.0 mg/L, the total amount of produced THMs reached to 270% of that without bromide ions. In the presence of bromide, ferric ions decreased the production of THMs at pH 6, but increased the production of THMs at pH 8, especially for the amount of tri-bromomethanes. When the concentration of Fe3+ was 5 mg/L, the amount of produced tri-bromomethanes had an increment of 54% (from 51.7 microg/L to 79.4 microg/L), and the total amount of THMs increased from 113.49 microg/L to 162.09 microg/L. Bromide ions had a significant effect on carcinogenicity risk in disinfection of drinking water by chlorine, and the co-existence of ferric ion and bromide in alkalescent environment can result in the biggest challenge on carcinogenicity risk. Under the condition of 0.2 mg/L Br(-), 5 mg/L Fe3+ and pH 6, the carcinogenicity risk increased 2.5 times than that without Br(-) and Fe3+, and much higher increment of 5.1 times appeared when pH was 8.
Zhu
Zhi-Liang
ZL
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Aquatic Environment of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. zzl@mail.tongji.edu.cn
Wang
Jing
J
Ge
Yuan-Xin
YX
Ma
Hong-Mei
HM
Zhao
Jian-Fu
JF
D001965:Bromides / Q000737:chemistry*; D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D022882:Trihalomethanes / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply
D001965:Bromides; D022882:Trihalomethanes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C017311:ferrate ion; D002713:Chlorine; D007501:Iron