Functional effects of eggs, naturally enriched with conjugated linoleic acid, on the blood lipid profile, development of atherosclerosis and composition of atherosclerotic plaque in apolipoprotein E and low-density lipoprotein receptor double-knockout mice (apoE/LDLR-/-).
The objective of this study was to evaluate potential anti-atherogenic properties of hen eggs enriched naturally with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers (cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12). Eighteen apoE and LDL receptor double-knockout mice (apoE/LDLR- / - ), at the age of 4 months with pre-established atherosclerosis, were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (n 6) and fed AIN-93G-based diets for the next 2 months. The experimental diets were: AIN-93G+ CLA-free egg-yolk powder (control); AIN-93G+ CLA-free egg-yolk powder +0.1 % CLA (CLA-supplemented eggs); and AIN-93G+ CLA-enriched egg-yolk powder, providing 0.1 % CLA (CLA-enriched eggs). For assessment of anti-atherogenic properties of CLA-enriched or CLA-supplemented eggs the following criteria were used: (1) serum lipid profile; (2) development of atherosclerosis; and (3) composition of atherosclerotic plaque. CLA-enriched eggs, compared with CLA-supplemented eggs, reduced significantly (P < 0.05) total plasma cholesterol in the mice. At the same time, both CLA-supplemented eggs and CLA-enriched eggs tended to decrease the size of atherosclerotic plaque in aortic roots of mice. Most importantly, atherosclerotic plaques of mice fed CLA-enriched eggs showed significantly (P < 0.05) reduced number of atherogenic macrophages and increased area occupied by smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic lesions. In conclusion, CLA-enriched eggs exerted an anti-inflammatory effect more effectively than CLA-supplemented eggs. This anti-inflammatory effect can be considered their major functional claim that warrants further exploitation.
Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, Agricultural University of Kraków, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Kraków, Poland.
Magdalena
M
Franczyk-Zarów
Renata B
RB
Kostogrys
Beata
B
Szymczyk
Jacek
J
Jawień
Mariusz
M
Gajda
Tadeusz
T
Cichocki
Leszek
L
Wojnar
Stefan
S
Chlopicki
Paweł M
PM
Pisulewski
D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000473:pathology; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000473:pathology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004531:Eggs; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011897:Random Allocation; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000235:genetics
C094849:10,12-octadecadienoic acid; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D008055:Lipids; D011973:Receptors, LDL; C046938:9,11-linoleic acid