A Phase 1 dose-escalation trial of glufosfamide in combination with gemcitabine in solid tumors including pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate safety and pharmacokinetics and to establish the maximum tolerated dose of glufosfamide when administered in combination with gemcitabine in advanced solid tumors.


METHODS
This Phase 1 dose-escalation study evaluated the combination of glufosfamide + gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cohorts of three to six patients were treated with glufosfamide doses from 1,500 to 4,500 mg/m(2) i.v. over 4 h on Day 1 and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) i.v. over 30 min on Days 1, 8 and 15 of every 28-day cycle. Detailed PK sampling was performed on days 1 and 8 of the first two cycles.


RESULTS
Nineteen patients were enrolled. Two patients had dose-limiting toxicity: Grade 3 fatigue at 2,500 mg/m(2) and Grade 4 thrombocytopenia at 4,500 mg/m(2). Five patients completed six cycles and one patient remained on study for ten cycles. Two patients discontinued for adverse events. Grade 3/4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in seven patients and five patients, respectively. The CrCL fell below 60 mL/min in two patients. There was one unconfirmed partial response and 10 of 19 (52.6%) patients had stable disease or better at 8 weeks and three patients had continuing stable disease at 24 weeks. Pharmacokinetic analyses suggest no interaction between glufosfamide and gemcitabine.


CONCLUSIONS
Phase I data indicate that full dose glufosfamide (4,500 mg/m(2)) can be given safely in combination with gemcitabine. A Phase II study in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma is ongoing.
Chiorean
E Gabriela
EG
Indiana University Cancer Center, 535 Barnhill Drive, Room 414, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. gchiorea@iupui.edu
Dragovich
Tomislav
T
Hamm
John
J
Langmuir
Virginia K
VK
Kroll
Stewart
S
Jung
Donald T
DT
Colowick
Alan B
AB
Tidmarsh
George F
GF
Loehrer
Patrick J
PJ
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006207:Half-Life; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010752:Phosphoramide Mustards / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000093542:Gemcitabine
D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010752:Phosphoramide Mustards; C092028:beta-D-glucosylisophosphoramide mustard; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D005947:Glucose; D007069:Ifosfamide; D000093542:Gemcitabine