The meaning of the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize. Microcredit evangelism, health, and social policy.
The awarding of the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize to Muhammad Yunus, founder of the Grameen Bank, provides an opportunity to consider the use and abuse of microfinancing, especially because credit continues to be touted as a poverty-reduction strategy associated with health education and health care financing strategies. Not only is the Grameen diagnosis of poverty dubious, but many structural problems also plague the model, ranging from financial accounting to market failures. In Southern Africa, to illustrate, microcredit schemes for peasants and small farmers have been attempted for more than 70 years, on the basis that modem capitalism and peasant/informal system gaps can be bridged by an expanded financial system. The results have been disappointing. A critical reading of political economy posits an organic linkage between the "developed" and "underdeveloped" economies that is typically not mitigated by capitalist financial markets, but instead is often exacerbated. When applied to health and social policy, microcredit evangelism becomes especially dangerous.
University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Development Studies, Howard College Campus, Durban, South Africa. pbond@mail.ngo.za
Patrick
P
Bond
D000353:Africa, Southern; D004467:Economics; D005381:Financing, Organized / Q000191:economics*; D006291:Health Policy / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D009613:Nobel Prize; D011203:Poverty / Q000191:economics*; D011640:Public Policy; D012499:Sanitation / Q000191:economics; D014881:Water Supply / Q000191:economics; D016387:Women's Health / Q000191:economics