Renoprotective and antihypertensive effects of S-allylcysteine in 5/6 nephrectomized rats.
Progressive renal damage and hypertension are associated with oxidative and nitrosative stress. On the other hand, S-allylcysteine (SAC), the most abundant organosulfur compound in aged garlic extract (AG), has antioxidant properties. The effects of SAC and AG on blood pressure, renal damage, and oxidative and nitrosative stress were studied in five-sixths nephrectomized rats treated with SAC (200 mg/kg ip) and AG (1.2 ml/kg ip) every other day for 30 days. Proteinuria and serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations were measured on days 0, 5, 10, 15, and 30, and systolic blood pressure was recorded on days 0, 15, and 30. The degree of glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial damage, the immunostaining for inducible nitric oxide synthase, 3-nitrotyrosine, poly(ADP-ribose), and the subunits of NADPH oxidase p22phox and gp91phox, and the activity of SOD were determined on day 30. SAC and AG reduced hypertension, renal damage, and the abundance of inducible nitric oxide synthase, 3-nitrotyrosine, poly(ADP-ribose), p22phox, and gp91phox and increased SOD activity. Our data suggest that the antihypertensive and renoprotective effects of SAC and AG are associated with their antioxidant properties and that they may be used to ameliorate hypertension and delay the progression of renal damage.
Departamento de Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico.
Cristino
C
Cruz
Ricardo
R
Correa-Rotter
Dolores Javier
DJ
Sánchez-González
Rogelio
R
Hernández-Pando
Perla D
PD
Maldonado
Claudia María
CM
Martínez-Martínez
Omar Noel
ON
Medina-Campos
Edilia
E
Tapia
Diana
D
Aguilar
Yolanda I
YI
Chirino
José
J
Pedraza-Chaverri
D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019610:Cytoprotection; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013599:Systole; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; C065299:S-allylcysteine; D003404:Creatinine; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C500593:Cybb protein, rat; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C515768:Cyba protein, rat; D003545:Cysteine