The metabolic syndrome: prevalence and associated lifestyles in Japanese workingmen.
The aim of this study was to examine the relation of lifestyle to the metabolic syndrome in Japanese male workers. The association of 6 lifestyle factors with the metabolic syndrome and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, as defined by the modified International Diabetes Federation criteria for Japanese people, were evaluated in 4941 men at a workplace participating in the annual health examination mandated by law; the subjects ranged in age from 36 to 60 years. The overall prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the sample was 9.1%. The prevalence was the highest in subjects aged 46-50 years. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of the metabolic syndrome in current smokers and ex-smokers compared with non-smokers were 1.381 (1.088-1.752) (P=.008) and 1.812 (1.365-2.407) (P<.001), respectively. In contrast, no preventive effect of alcohol on the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome was noted.
Kawada
Tomoyuki
T
Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. kawada@nms.ac.jp
Okada
Kyoji
K
D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology