Tyramine-mediated activation of sympathetic nerves inhibits insulin secretion in humans.
BACKGROUND
Older studies have shown that high doses of norepinephrine infused into human subjects can inhibit insulin secretion. Similar inhibition during electrical stimulation of sympathetic nerves in animals raises the possibility that the suppression of insulin secretion seen in humans could reflect a physiological effect of sympathetic nerves on islet beta-cells. However, a direct test of the hypothesis that moderate and selective activation of these nerves is sufficient to inhibit insulin secretion in humans is lacking.


OBJECTIVE
We sought to test this hypothesis by releasing moderate amounts of endogenous norepinephrine selectively from the sympathetic nerves of normal human subjects by infusing them with low doses of the indirect sympathomimetic agent tyramine.


METHODS
During a single study visit, 11 healthy subjects received iv injections of arginine either alone or in combination with a low-dose tyramine infusion. Physiological (blood pressure) and biochemical (insulin, glucose, and norepinephrine) parameters were measured.


RESULTS
The acute insulin response to arginine was significantly reduced during tyramine compared with that seen in the absence of tyramine (P = 0.036).


CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that moderate and selective activation of sympathetic nerves inhibits insulin release in humans.
Gilliam
Lisa K
LK
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 N.E. Pacific Street, Box 357710, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. lgilliam@u.washington.edu
Palmer
Jerry P
JP
Taborsky
Gerald J
GJ
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014439:Tyramine / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D007328:Insulin; D013566:Sympathomimetics; D001120:Arginine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D014439:Tyramine