Differences in clinical manifestations among Cryptosporidium species and subtypes in HIV-infected persons.
We performed a cross-sectional study to determine the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons at 3 diagnostic levels: microscopy, genotypes of Cryptosporidium, and subtype families of C. hominis and C. parvum. The study enrolled 2,490 HIV-infected persons in Lima, Peru, and 230 were microscopy positive for Cryptosporidium infection. Specimens from 193 participants were available for genotyping. They had C. hominis (141 persons), C. parvum (22 persons), C. meleagridis (17 persons), C. canis (6 persons), C. felis (6 persons), and C. suis (1 person) infection. Although microscopy results showed that Cryptosporidium infections were associated with diarrhea, only infections with C. canis, C. felis, and subtype family Id of C. hominis were associated with diarrhea, and infection with C. parvum was associated with chronic diarrhea and vomiting. These results demonstrate that different Cryptosporidium genotypes and subtype families are linked to different clinical manifestations.
Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne and Enteric Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Vitaliano A
VA
Cama
Jennifer M
JM
Ross
Sara
S
Crawford
Vivian
V
Kawai
Raul
R
Chavez-Valdez
Daniel
D
Vargas
Aldo
A
Vivar
Eduardo
E
Ticona
Marco
M
Navincopa
John
J
Williamson
Ynes
Y
Ortega
Robert H
RH
Gilman
Caryn
C
Bern
Lihua
L
Xiao
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013045:Species Specificity