In vitro development of polyspermic porcine oocytes: Relationship between early fragmentation and excessive number of penetrating spermatozoa.
Embryo development during in vitro culture of polyspermic porcine oocytes was investigated in the present study. After in vitro fertilization (IVF) of in vitro matured oocytes, putative zygotes were centrifuged to visualize pronuclei. Two pronuclear (2PN) and poly-pronuclear (PPN) zygotes were selected and cultured in vitro. Their development to the blastocyst stage and total cell numbers, dead cell rates and ploidy at the blastocyst stage and morphology of resultant embryos after first cleavage were compared. A cleavage rate of PPN embryos was lower than that of 2PN (61.3% and 82.2%, respectively), however, the ability of cleaved embryos to develop to the blastocyst stage did not differ between the PPN and the 2PN groups (22.4% and 32.9%, respectively). Also there was no difference in total cell numbers and rates of dead cells between PPN and 2PN blastocysts. The majority of blastocysts in 2PN group were found to be diploid. In contrast, blastocysts in PPN group showed heterogeneous status in their ploidy including polyploidy and mixoploidy, whereas a remarkable proportion (31.3%) of them was found to be diploid. After the first cleavage (at 36 h after IVF), there was no difference in the number of nuclei/embryo between the two groups, nevertheless embryos in PPN group had significantly higher numbers of blastomeres than that of embryos in 2PN group, mainly due to an increased frequency of anuclear blastomeres. The present results indicate that correction of embryo ploidy in polyspermic embryos can occur during IVC. Nevertheless the frequency of partial fragmentation in polyspermic embryos is increased.
Somfai
Tamás
T
Genetic Diversity Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
Ozawa
Manabu
M
Noguchi
Junko
J
Kaneko
Hiroyuki
H
Karja
Ni Wayan Kurniani
NW
Fahrudin
Mokhamad
M
Nakai
Michiko
M
Maedomari
Naoki
N
Dinnyés
András
A
Nagai
Takashi
T
Kikuchi
Kazuhiro
K
D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000502:physiology*; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D008297:Male; D008540:Meiosis / Q000502:physiology; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013552:Swine