Dietary carbohydrates, glycemic index, glycemic load, and endometrial cancer risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort.
The associations of dietary total carbohydrates, overall glycemic index, total dietary glycemic load, total sugars, total starch, and total fiber with endometrial cancer risk were analyzed among 288,428 women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort (1992-2004), including 710 incident cases diagnosed during a mean 6.4 years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals. There were no statistically significant associations with endometrial cancer risk for increasing quartile intakes of any of the exposure variables. However, in continuous models calibrated by using 24-hour recall values, the multivariable relative risks were 1.61 (95% confidence interval: 1.06, 2.45) per 100 g/day of total carbohydrates, 1.40 (95% confidence interval: 0.99, 1.99) per 50 units/day of total dietary glycemic load, and 1.36 (95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.76) per 50 g/day of total sugars. These associations were stronger among women who had never used postmenopausal hormone therapy compared with ever users (total carbohydrates p(heterogeneity) = 0.04). Data suggest no association of overall glycemic index, total starch, and total fiber with risk, and a possible modest positive association of total carbohydrates, total dietary glycemic load, and total sugars with risk, particularly among never users of hormone replacement therapy.
Nutrition and Hormones Unit, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. annec@health.usyd.edu.au
Anne E
AE
Cust
Nadia
N
Slimani
Rudolf
R
Kaaks
Marit
M
van Bakel
Carine
C
Biessy
Pietro
P
Ferrari
Martine
M
Laville
Anne
A
Tjønneland
Anja
A
Olsen
Kim
K
Overvad
Martin
M
Lajous
Francoise
F
Clavel-Chapelon
Marie-Christine
MC
Boutron-Ruault
Jakob
J
Linseisen
Sabine
S
Rohrmann
Ute
U
Nöthlings
Heiner
H
Boeing
Domenico
D
Palli
Sabina
S
Sieri
Salvatore
S
Panico
Rosario
R
Tumino
Carlotta
C
Sacerdote
Guri
G
Skeie
Dagrun
D
Engeset
Inger Torhild
IT
Gram
J Ramón
JR
Quirós
Paula
P
Jakszyn
María José
MJ
Sánchez
Nerea
N
Larrañaga
Carmen
C
Navarro
Eva
E
Ardanaz
Elisabet
E
Wirfält
Göran
G
Berglund
Eva
E
Lundin
Göran
G
Hallmans
H Bas
HB
Bueno-de-Mesquita
Huaidong
H
Du
Petra H M
PH
Peeters
Sheila
S
Bingham
Kay-Tee
KT
Khaw
Naomi E
NE
Allen
Timothy J
TJ
Key
Mazda
M
Jenab
Elio
E
Riboli
D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005062:European Union / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D038321:Glycemic Index; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013213:Starch; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D013213:Starch