Changes in cell culture temperature alter release of inflammatory mediators in murine macrophagic RAW264.7 cells.
OBJECTIVE
To examine whether moderate changes in cell culture temperature influence the production of various cytokines and associated mediators of inflammation.


METHODS
We performed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of the murine macrophagic RAW264.7 cell line under hyperthermic (40 degrees C), normothermic (37 degrees C) and hypothermic (34 degrees C) conditions. We then measured the levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), heat shock factor protein (HSF) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) dimers (p50 and p65) in the cells, and the levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the culture supernatants.


RESULTS
Levels of HMGB1, IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, as well as NF-kB dimers (p50 and p65), were all reduced following LPS stimulation at 40 degrees C and 34 degrees C compared with those at 37 degrees C. Levels of HSP70 and HSF increased at 40 degrees C and 34 degrees C.


CONCLUSIONS
The application of moderate hyperthermia and hypothermia after LPS-induced cell activation attenuated the inflammatory response and reduced the likelihood of cell damage. These findings suggest that moderate temperature changes modulate the inflammatory response and could be a useful therapy against sepsis.
Department of Brain and Nerve Science, Anesthesiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita Prefecture, 1-1 Idaigaoka-Hasamamachi-Yufu City, Oita 879-5593, Japan. saku@med.oita-u.ac.jp
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Hagiwara
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Iwasaka
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Matsumoto
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T
Noguchi
D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature
D016207:Cytokines; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B