Occurrence of acrylamide in selected foods and mitigation options.
Acrylamide reduction in certain food products is an important issue for both the food industry and academic research institutions. The present paper summarises past and current research on the occurrence and reduction of acrylamide in potatoes, bakery products, almonds, olives and dried fruit. In potatoes, the control of reducing sugars, process temperature and moisture is imperative to limit acrylamide formation. In bakery products, free asparagine and the type of baking agent largely determine acrylamide formation and present the starting points for reduction. The application of asparaginase is promising in this respect because it acts only on the key precursor, asparagine, whereby the product character remains unchanged. The baking agent NH4HCO3 promotes acrylamide formation in sweet bakery but its replacement by NaHCO3 effectively decreases acrylamide concentrations. Temperature and free asparagine are the key factors for acrylamide formation in roasted almonds. Olives and dried fruit may contain acrylamide and large amounts of acrylamide can be formed upon heating these products, a phenomenon which needs further investigation.
Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
Thomas M
TM
Amrein
Luca
L
Andres
Felix
F
Escher
Renato
R
Amadò
D020106:Acrylamide / Q000032:analysis*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D001215:Asparaginase / Q000378:metabolism; D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000032:analysis*; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D009754:Nuts / Q000737:chemistry; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000378:metabolism; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000737:chemistry; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism
D000596:Amino Acids; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D020106:Acrylamide; D013395:Sucrose; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D001215:Asparaginase