Nematic order by disorder in spin-2 Bose-Einstein condensates.
We show that quantum and thermal fluctuations in spin-2 Bose-Einstein condensates lift the accidental degeneracy of the mean-field phase diagram. Fluctuations select the uniaxial (square biaxial) nematic state for scattering lengths a4>a2 (a4<a2). Paradoxically, the order is stronger at higher temperatures. For spin-2 87Rb and 23Na, a continuous Ising-type transition is predicted on raising the magnetic field, from a fluctuation stabilized uniaxial state to a field stabilized square biaxial order state. This is a promising experimental system to realize the "order-by-disorder" phenomenon.
Turner
Ari M
AM
Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Barnett
Ryan
R
Demler
Eugene
E
Vishwanath
Ashvin
A