Metabolic inflexibility in skeletal muscle: a prelude to the cardiometabolic syndrome?
Peripheral insulin resistance, which is largely dependent on skeletal muscle, is closely linked to the development of the cardiometabolic syndrome. Metabolic flexibility is the capacity for skeletal muscle to acutely shift its reliance between lipids or glucose during fasting or postprandial conditions. Obese and insulin-resistant individuals display elevated intramuscular lipids, impaired vasculature function, decreased fatty add oxidation during fasting, and reduced postprandial glucose metabolism. Impairments in metabolic flexibility are linked to physical inactivity, excess energy intake and obesity, and genetic predisposition. Each of these factors precludes the development of insulin resistance and the cardiometabolic syndrome by mechanistic links that are not fully understood.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Harry S. Truman VA Hospital, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. thyfaultj@missouri.edu
John P
JP
Thyfault
R Scott
RS
Rector
Robert C
RC
Noland
D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004035:Diet Therapy; D002149:Energy Intake; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005215:Fasting / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008019:Life Style; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009043:Motor Activity; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012307:Risk Factors; D015431:Weight Loss
D005227:Fatty Acids; D005947:Glucose