Bioavailability of the amino acid-attached prodrug as a new anti-HIV agent in rats.
The primary objective of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of a new anti-human immunodeficiency virus agent 1-(2-amino-pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-6-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-5-isopropyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione (VP-0502) with its amino acid prodrug alanine amide of VP-0502 (VP-0502AL), following intravenous and oral administrations to rats. The plasma concentrations of both analytes were analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). When VP-0502 was intravenously administered at 20 mg/kg, the analyte appeared in low levels with an AUC of 0.3 microg . h/ml, and C(0) of 0.2 microg/ml in plasma. However, both the prodrug VP-0502AL and its metabolite VP-0502 appeared at comparatively higher levels following intravenous injection of VP-0502AL at the same dose. VP-0502AL's pharmacokinetic parameters were V(d): 4.6 l/kg; AUC: 3 microg . h/ml; t(1/2): 0.5 h; C(0): 6 microg/ml; CL(tot): 7 l/h/kg; and MRT: 0.6 h. Following oral administration of VP-0502 (100 mg/kg), it was not detectable in plasma (<50 ng/ml), while after the oral administration of VP-0502AL, VP-0502 was quantitatively detected as an active metabolite for the first 7 h, with a maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) of 0.8 microg/ml, and an area under the concentrationtime curve (AUC) of 2 microg . h/ml. The oral pharmacokinetic parameters of VP-0502AL were calculated to be: maximum concentration time (t(max)) 2.7 h; C(max) 0.2 microg/ml; elimination half-life (t(1/2)): 0.8 h; and AUC 0.5 microg . h/ml. Overall the findings indicate that VP-0502AL has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile as a prodrug with rapid transformation into the active metabolite, and that the attachment of the amino acid alanine to VP-0502 is an effective approach to improve its oral bioavailability. VP-0502AL is predicted to become a new highly bioavailable anti-AIDS drug candidate and/or lead compound.
Chae
Kyung Ae
KA
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
Cho
Hee Jung
HJ
Sung
Ji Min
JM
Lee
Hee
H
Seo
Dong Cheol
DC
Kim
Jin Suk
JS
Shin
Ho Chul
HC
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000409:Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000631:Aminopyridines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D006207:Half-Life; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
C525065:1-(2-aminopyridin-4-ylmethyl)-6-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-5-isopropyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione; C525066:1-(2-aminopyridin-4-ylmethyl)-6-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-5-isopropyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione alanine amide; D000631:Aminopyridines; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D011355:Prodrugs; D014498:Uracil; D000409:Alanine