The broader language phenotype of autism: a comparison with specific language impairment.
BACKGROUND
Some individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) experience linguistic difficulties similar to those found in individuals with specific language impairment (SLI). Whether these behaviours are indicative of a common underlying genetic cause or a superficial similarity is unclear.


METHODS
Standardised language assessments were administered to three participant groups: parents of children with ASD (Par-A), parents of children with specific language/literacy impairment (Par-L) and parents of typically developing children (Par-T) (n = 30, in each group). Additionally, the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) was used to assess autism-like tendencies, in particular, social language use.


RESULTS
The Par-A group performed better than the Par-L group (and identical to the Par-T group) on all language tests. Conversely, the Par-A group was characterised by higher levels of pragmatic difficulties than the other two groups, as measured by the communication subscale of the AQ.


CONCLUSIONS
No evidence was found for a shared phenotype in parents of children with ASD and SLI. A model is presented describing the relation between SLI and ASD.
University of Oxford, UK. andrew.whitehouse@psy.ox.ac.uk
Andrew J O
AJ
Whitehouse
Johanna G
JG
Barry
Dorothy V M
DV
Bishop
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D008875:Middle Aged; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010700:Phonetics; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012737:Sex Factors; D012919:Social Behavior