Surfactant function and composition in premature infants treated with inhaled nitric oxide.
OBJECTIVE
We hypothesized that inhaled nitric oxide treatment of premature infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia would not adversely affect endogenous surfactant function or composition.


METHODS
As part of the Nitric Oxide Chronic Lung Disease Trial of inhaled nitric oxide, we examined surfactant in a subpopulation of enrolled infants. Tracheal aspirate fluid was collected at specified intervals from 99 infants with birth weights <1250 g who received inhaled nitric oxide (20 ppm, weaned to 2 ppm) or placebo gas for 24 days. Large-aggregate surfactant was analyzed for surface activity with a pulsating bubble surfactometer and for surfactant protein contents with an immunoassay.


RESULTS
At baseline, before administration of study gas, surfactant function and composition were comparable in the 2 groups, and there was a positive correlation between minimum surface tension and severity of lung disease for all infants. Over the first 4 days of treatment, minimum surface tension increased in placebo-treated infants and decreased in inhaled nitric oxide-treated infants. There were no significant differences between groups in recovery of large-aggregate surfactant or contents of surfactant protein A, surfactant protein B, surfactant protein C, or total protein, normalized to phospholipid.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that inhaled nitric oxide treatment for premature infants at risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia does not alter surfactant recovery or protein composition and may improve surfactant function transiently.
Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. ballardp@peds.ucsf.edu
Philip L
PL
Ballard
Jeffrey D
JD
Merrill
William E
WE
Truog
Rodolfo I
RI
Godinez
Marye H
MH
Godinez
Theresa M
TM
McDevitt
Yue
Y
Ning
Sergio G
SG
Golombek
Lance A
LA
Parton
Xianqun
X
Luan
Avital
A
Cnaan
Roberta A
RA
Ballard
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D037661:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D013500:Surface Tension / Q000187:drug effects
D037661:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide