title: Use of phage battery to investigate the actinofloral layers of termite gut microflora.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The termite gut microbiota can include a variety of micro-organisms from the three domains: Bacteria, Archaea and Eucarya. The bacterial groups from the gut systems are mainly affiliated to the proteobacteria, the Gram-positive groups Bacterioiodes/Flavobacterium branch and the spirochetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. However, culture independent molecular studies have revealed that the majority of these microbial gut symbionts have not yet been cultured, including actinobacterial clusters associated with termite guts. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to selectively isolate the actinofloral layers of gut associated microflora of the Coptotermes lacteus (Froggatt) species located at the Sunshine Coast Region of Queensland, Australia to increase our knowledge on the diversity of actinobacterial taxa present in the termite guts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Actinofloral layers associated with the guts of the wood-eating subterranean termite C. lacteus were investigated by exploiting the phage susceptibility of different gut associated bacteria which impede the growth of actinomycetes on isolation plates. These unwanted microbial taxa were removed by exposing the gut contents to polyvalent bacteriophages specifically targeting different background bacterial taxa and after their removal from the isolation plates previously undetected and novel actinomycetes were successfully cultured from the gut samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of bacteriophages as a means of selective pressure successfully revealed the presence of novel actinomycete species within the guts of C. lacteus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Molecular ecology has undoubtedly revealed the fascinating diversity of micro-organisms, which cannot be cultured. However, these advances in the field still have not provided the ability to detect and isolate micro-organisms effectively from their ecological niches. Accordingly, studies like the one described here have importance in increasing the chances of uncultured taxa to be isolated to complement molecular microbial ecological efforts towards the establishment of an understanding on the diversity of termite gut microflora.
authors: Faculty of Science, Health and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia. ikurtbok@usc.edu.au
authors: D I
authors: DI
authors: Kurtböke
authors: J R J
authors: JR
authors: French
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000818:Animals; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000502:physiology; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D020049:Isoptera / Q000382:microbiology*; D008847:Micromonospora / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009615:Nocardia / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D011793:Queensland; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012240:Rhodococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016930:Saccharopolyspora / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA / Q000379:methods; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S