title: Circulating advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and soluble form of receptor for AGEs (sRAGE) are independent determinants of serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is an essential chemokine responsible for the recruitment of monocytes to inflammatory lesions in the vasculature, an initial step of atherosclerosis. Since serum levels of MCP-1 are higher in patients with type 2 diabetes, inhibition of MCP-1 may be a novel therapeutic target for prevention of accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes. However, little is known about the regulation and determinants of serum MCP-1 levels in patients with diabetes. In this study, we examined the determinants of serum MCP-1 levels in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-six consecutive outpatients with type 2 diabetes (36 male and 50 female; mean age 68.4+/-9.6) underwent a complete history and physical examination, determination of blood chemistries, MCP-1, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, adiponectin, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and soluble form of receptor for AGEs (sRAGE). We examined the association between MCP-1 levels and those in anthropometric, metabolic and inflammatory variables in these subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate regression analysis showed that serum levels of MCP-1 were positively associated with AGEs (r=0.386, p<0.001) and sRAGE (r=0.315, p<0.001). After adjusting for age and sex, AGEs (p<0.001) and sRAGE (p<0.05) still remained significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate for the first time that circulating levels of AGEs and sRAGE are independent determinants of serum MCP-1 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our present observations suggest the AGEs-RAGE system may be mainly involved in the elevation of MCP-1 in type 2 diabetic patients.
authors: Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
authors: Kazuo
authors: K
authors: Nakamura
authors: Sho-ichi
authors: S
authors: Yamagishi
authors: Hisashi
authors: H
authors: Adachi
authors: Takanori
authors: T
authors: Matsui
authors: Yayoi
authors: Y
authors: Kurita-Nakamura
authors: Masayoshi
authors: M
authors: Takeuchi
authors: Hiroyoshi
authors: H
authors: Inoue
authors: Tsutomu
authors: T
authors: Imaizumi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic