title: The usefulness of preoperative colonoscopic tattooing using a saline test injection method with prepackaged sterile India ink for localization in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal neoplasm requires precise tumor localization. The authors have assessed the safety and efficacy of colonoscopic tattooing using a saline test injection method with prepackaged sterile India ink for tumor localization in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 2004 and January 2007, 63 patients underwent colonoscopic tattooing using prepackaged sterile India ink before laparoscopic surgery of colorectal tumors. Patient medical records and operation videos were retrospectively assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tattoos were visualized intraoperatively in 62 (98.4%) of the 63 patients, and colorectal tumors were accurately localized in 61 patients (96.8%). In one patient, the tattoo could not be detected, whereas in another patient, it was visualized but the serosal surface of the rectosigmoid colon was stained diffusely. Both of these patients underwent intraoperative colonoscopy. Localized leakages of ink were identified in six patients (9.5%) during surgery. However, five of these patients had no symptoms, and the sixth patient, who underwent polypectomy and tattooing simultaneously, felt mild chilling without fever or abdominal pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative colonoscopic tattooing using a saline test injection method with prepackaged sterile India ink is a safe and effective method for tumor localization in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
authors: Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 809 Madu-dong, Ilsan-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 411-769, Korea.
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Park
authors: D K
authors: DK
authors: Sohn
authors: C W
authors: CW
authors: Hong
authors: K S
authors: KS
authors: Han
authors: D H
authors: DH
authors: Choi
authors: H J
authors: HJ
authors: Chang
authors: S-B
authors: SB
authors: Lim
authors: H S
authors: HS
authors: Choi
authors: S-Y
authors: SY
authors: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002244:Carbon / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013653:Tattooing
chemical_list: C028433:chinese ink; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D002244:Carbon
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