Determination of patulin in commercial apple juice by micellar electrokinetic chromatography.
A novel and validated micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) method using ultraviolet detection (UV) has been applied to the quantitative analysis of patulin (PAT) in commercial apple juice. Patulin was extracted from samples with an ethylacetate solution. The micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECK) parameters studied for method optimization were buffer composition, voltage, temperature, and a separation between PAT and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) (main interference in apple juice PAT analysis) peaks until reaching baseline. The method passes a series of validation tests including selectivity, linearity, limit of detection and quantification (0.7 and 2.5 microgL(-1), respectively), precision (within and between-day variability) and recovery (80.2% RSD=4%), accuracy, and robustness. This method was successfully applied to the measurement of 20 apple juice samples obtained from different supermarkets. One hundred percent of the samples were contaminated with a level greater than the limit of detection, with mean and median values of 41.3 and 35.7 microgL(-1), respectively.
Murillo
M
M
Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, C.P. 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
González-Peñas
E
E
Amézqueta
S
S
D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002021:Buffers; D020374:Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010365:Patulin / Q000032:analysis*; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
D002021:Buffers; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D010365:Patulin; D005662:Furaldehyde