title: Factors predicting hemorrhagic complications after multimodal reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to find predictors for hemorrhagic complications in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with multimodal endovascular therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with multimodal endovascular therapy from May 1999 to March 2006. We reviewed clinical and angiographic data, admission CT Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score (ASPECTS), and the therapeutic endovascular interventions used. Posttreatment CT scans were reviewed for the presence of a parenchymal hematoma or hemorrhagic infarction based on defined criteria. Predictors for these types of hemorrhages were determined by logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 185 patients with a mean age of 65+/-13 years and mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 17+/-4. Sixty-nine patients (37%) developed postprocedural hemorrhages: 24 (13%) parenchymal hematomas and 45 (24%) hemorrhagic infarctions. Patients with tandem occlusions (odds ratio [OR] 4.6 [1.4-6.5], P<.016), hyperglycemia (OR 2.8 [1.1-7.7], P<.043), or treated concomitantly with intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and intra-arterial (IA) urokinase (OR 5.1 [1.1-25.0], P<.041) were at a significant risk for a parenchymal hematoma. Hemorrhagic infarction occurred significantly more in patients presenting with an ASPECTS<or=7 (OR 1.9 [1.3-2.7], P<.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemorrhagic infarctions are related to the extent of infarct based on presentation CT, whereas parenchymal hematomas are associated with the presence of tandem occlusions, hyperglycemia, and treatment with both IV tPA and IA urokinase in patients with acute stroke treated with multimodal endovascular therapy.
authors: Department of Neurology, Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors: N A
authors: NA
authors: Vora
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Gupta
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Thomas
authors: M B
authors: MB
authors: Horowitz
authors: A H
authors: AH
authors: Tayal
authors: M D
authors: MD
authors: Hammer
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Uchino
authors: L R
authors: LR
authors: Wechsler
authors: T G
authors: TG
authors: Jovin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D015424:Reperfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
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