title: Molecular analysis in combination with iodine staining may contribute to the risk prediction of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mucosal iodine staining has improved the detection of precancerous lesions of the esophagus. However, this method is unable to exactly evaluate the risk status of the lesions. In the present study, we conducted a molecular analysis combining the iodine staining in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) and different premalignant lesions of the esophagus in order to improve the early diagnosis of ESCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumorous and precancerous lesions were procured as iodine-unstained areas in the resected specimens of ESCC patients by means of Lugol's iodine staining. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was detected with 35 microsatellite markers frequently reported to be deleted in ESCC. The markers with high frequency of LOH in tumorous and precancerous lesions of the same patient were subjected to further detection in iodine-unstained biopsy samples from the population screening in ESCC high-incidence region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Common alterations were observed at D3S3644, D3S1768, D3S3040, D3S4542, RPL14, D9S169, D13S171 and D13S263 in both cancer tissues and precancerous lesions around tumors. Interestingly, D3S3644, D3S1768, D3S3040, D3S4542, RPL14 and D13S263 were also found with high frequency of LOH in iodine-staining abnormal lesions from the population screening. Most importantly, LOH frequency increased with histological severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that detection of these six markers in combination with iodine staining might contribute to the prediction for the risk of ESCC development and for the diagnosis of patients in preclinical and preneoplastic phase of the disease.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), PUMC, CAMS, P.O. Box 2258, Beijing 100021, China.
authors: Shun
authors: S
authors: He
authors: Guang-Ming
authors: GM
authors: Guo
authors: Fu-Xing
authors: FX
authors: Liu
authors: Xiao-Ping
authors: XP
authors: Huang
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Xu
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Cai
authors: Ya-Ling
authors: YL
authors: Han
authors: Qi-Min
authors: QM
authors: Zhan
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Wu
authors: Jin-Tang
authors: JT
authors: Dong
authors: Gui-Qi
authors: GQ
authors: Wang
authors: Ming-Rong
authors: MR
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D004396:Coloring Agents; D018450:Disease Progression; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D007454:Iodides; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007454:Iodides; C010389:Lugol's solution
references: Surgery. 1989 Jun;105(6):706-10
references: 2727899
references: Anticancer Res. 2000 Jan-Feb;20(1A):213-7
references: 10769657
references: Ai Zheng. 2003 Feb;22(2):175-7
references: 12600295
references: Cancer Lett. 2004 Nov 25;215(2):221-8
references: 15488641
references: Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2002 Mar;32 Suppl:S10-2
references: 11959871
references: Gut. 2005 Feb;54(2):187-92
references: 15647178
references: Hepatogastroenterology. 1999 Sep-Oct;46(29):2854-8
references: 10576360
references: Cancer Res. 2001 May 15;61(10):4098-104
references: 11358832
references: Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2000 Mar;27(3):217-28
references: 10679910
references: Cancer. 1995 Jul 15;76(2):178-86
references: 8625089
references: Cancer Lett. 2003 Jan 28;189(2):137-45
references: 12490306
references: Cancer Res. 2003 Apr 15;63(8):1727-30
references: 12702551
references: Cancer. 1994 Sep 15;74(6):1686-92
references: 8082069
references: Cancer. 1994 Apr 15;73(8):2027-37
references: 8156507
references: Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2001 Feb;23(1):69-72
references: 12905824
references: Cancer. 1998 Apr 15;82(8):1454-9
references: 9554520
references: Clin Cancer Res. 2001 Jul;7(7):1963-8
references: 11448911
references: Mutat Res. 2000 Apr;462(2-3):335-42
references: 10767643
references: Cancer. 1998 Jul 15;83(2):220-31
references: 9669803
references: Cancer Lett. 2002 Nov 8;185(1):87-94
references: 12142083