title: Changes in pain and disability secondary to shoe lift intervention in subjects with limb length inequality and chronic low back pain: a preliminary report.
abstract: METHODS
  Preassessment and postassessment of treatment intervention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the changes in pain and disability secondary to shoe lift intervention for subjects with chronic low back pain (LBP) who have a limb length inequality (LLI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Previous reports have suggested that LLI may be a cause of LBP Most prior studies of lift therapy for management of LLI in patients with LBP have lacked clear guidelines for clinicians regarding the implementation of shoe lift intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve subjects (6 male, 6 female) between the ages of 19 and 62 years with LLI (6.4-22.2 mm) and chronic LBP (1-30 years) participated. Visual analog scale pain ratings and disability questionnaire scores were acquired before and after lift intervention. Subjects determined their lift height based on resolution of LBP symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects experienced relief of general pain symptoms (P = .0006) and pain associated with standing (P= .002) following lift intervention, with minimally clinically important (MCID) reductions in general pain for 9 of 12 subjects and MCID reductions in standing pain for 8 of 10 subjects. Subjects also had less disability on the disability questionnaire (P = .001) following the intervention, with 9 of 12 subjects experiencing MCID reductions in disability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shoe lifts may reduce LBP and improve function for patients who have chronic LBP and an LLI. Randomized controlled trials are needed to assess the efficacy of this intervention.
authors: Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors: Yvonne M
authors: YM
authors: Golightly
authors: Jeremiah J
authors: JJ
authors: Tate
authors: Charles B
authors: CB
authors: Burns
authors: Michael T
authors: MT
authors: Gross
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007870:Leg Length Inequality / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D012775:Shoes