title: The relationship of sexual dyad and personal network characteristics and individual attributes to unprotected sex among young injecting drug users.
abstract: We examine in the heterosexual partnerships (dyads) of IDUs the correlates of engaging in unprotected sex on three levels: individual attributes, social network characteristics, and dyad characteristics. Unprotected sex was significantly less likely to occur in dyads where the participant injected daily or had high safe-sex attitude scores, and in dyads where both members encouraged each other to use condoms. Unprotected sex was significantly more likely to occur in dyads that smoked crack together, shared needles with each other, and where the participant knew that the sex partner had concurrent sex partners. In the sexual dyads of IDUs there is a combined risk of unsafe injecting and unsafe sex. Both injecting and sexual risk, and their combination need to be addressed in interventions that target the sexual partnerships of IDUs. Such interventions should also aim to reduce injected and non-injected crack and other stimulant use associated with high-risk sex.
authors: National Development and Research Institutes, Inc., 71 W 23rd St., 8th Floor, New York, NY 10010, USA. gyarmathy@ndri.org
authors: V Anna
authors: VA
authors: Gyarmathy
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: Neaigus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055030:Drug Users / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012309:Risk-Taking; D021841:Safe Sex; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012944:Social Support; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
references: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005 Jan 7;77(1):1-5
references: 15607835
references: Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1999 May;25(2):281-303
references: 10395161
references: J Urban Health. 2003 Dec;80(4 Suppl 3):iii7-14
references: 14713667
references: Sex Transm Dis. 1998 Aug;25(7):353-60
references: 9713915
references: AIDS. 1996 Sep;10(11):1265-71
references: 8883589
references: Connect (Tor). 2006;27(1):25-38
references: 34629605
references: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2000 Mar 1;58(3):219-26
references: 10759032
references: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007 Jul 10;89(2-3):145-52
references: 17276623
references: AIDS Care. 2002 Aug;14(4):493-507
references: 12204152
references: AIDS Care. 1993;5(2):149-57
references: 8329480
references: J Urban Health. 2002 Jun;79(2):266-77
references: 12023502
references: AIDS Care. 2004 Oct;16(7):901-8
references: 15385245
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1999 Sep 1;22(1):83-91
references: 10534151
references: Addict Behav. 2006 Sep;31(9):1607-18
references: 16459023
references: J Infect Dis. 2001 Aug 1;184(3):359-63
references: 11443564
references: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006 Mar 17;55(10):273-7
references: 16543881
references: Am J Epidemiol. 1997 Aug 15;146(4):350-7
references: 9270414
references: Women Health. 1998;27(1-2):205-29
references: 9640643
references: NIDA Res Monogr. 1995;151:20-37
references: 8742759
references: J Urban Health. 2006 Jul;83(4):602-13
references: 16755389
references: J Urban Health. 2003 Mar;80(1):137-46
references: 12612103
references: J Urban Health. 2005 Mar;82(1 Suppl 1):i43-50
references: 15738321
references: AIDS Behav. 2006 Nov;10(6):707-15
references: 16676223
references: AIDS. 1994 Mar;8(3):357-61
references: 8031514
references: Am J Epidemiol. 2003 May 15;157(10):915-22
references: 12746244
references: Violence Against Women. 1995 Mar;1(1):55-76
references: 12346572
references: J Urban Health. 2000 Sep;77(3):396-414
references: 10976613
references: J Psychoactive Drugs. 2004 Sep;36(3):315-22
references: 15559679
references: Addiction. 1997 Nov;92(11):1457-65
references: 9519489
references: AIDS Behav. 2003 Dec;7(4):383-93
references: 14707535
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006 Jun;42(2):222-8
references: 16760799
references: Am J Public Health. 1999 Jun;89(6):825-33
references: 10358670
references: AIDS Care. 1998 Apr;10(2):133-46
references: 9625898
references: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006 Apr;82 Suppl 1:S65-9
references: 16769448
references: AIDS. 1998 Apr 16;12(6):625-33
references: 9583603
references: J Urban Health. 2005 Mar;82(1 Suppl 1):i1-8
references: 15738326
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998;18 Suppl 1:S11-9
references: 9663618
references: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007 Jul 10;89(2-3):234-43
references: 17289298
references: AIDS Educ Prev. 2003 Dec;15(6):561-9
references: 14711168
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1996 Apr 15;11(5):499-509
references: 8605596
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002 Jul 1;30(3):335-41
references: 12131571
references: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2001 Sep 1;64(1):97-104
references: 11470345
references: Am J Epidemiol. 2003 Mar 1;157(5):467-71
references: 12615611
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003 Jan 1;32(1):86-93
references: 12514419
references: Br J Addict. 1992 Nov;87(11):1527-36
references: 1458032
references: Soc Sci Med. 1994 Jan;38(1):67-78
references: 8146717
references: J Urban Health. 2006 May;83(3):497-505
references: 16739050
references: Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Oct 1;156(7):641-53
references: 12244033
references: Trauma Violence Abuse. 2005 Jan;6(1):24-39
references: 15574671
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004 Oct 1;37(2):1307-12
references: 15385739
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002 Jul 1;30 Suppl 1:S73-93
references: 12107362
references: Am J Public Health. 1993 Aug;83(8):1144-8
references: 8342724