title: Back pain in the German adult population: prevalence, severity, and sociodemographic correlates in a multiregional survey.
abstract: METHODS
  A population-based cross-sectional multiregion postal survey.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To provide a descriptive epidemiology of the prevalence and severity of back pain in German adults and to analyze sociodemographic correlates for disabling back pain within and across regions.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Back pain is a leading health problem in Germany. However, comprehensive population-based evidence on the severity of back pain is still fragmentary for this country. Despite earlier findings concerning large prevalence differences across regions, systematic explanations remain to be ascertained.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaire data were collected for 9263 subjects in 5 German cities and regions (population-based random samples, postal questionnaire). Point, 1-year, and lifetime prevalence were assessed using direct questions, and graded back pain was determined using the Graded Chronic Pain Scale. Poststratification was applied to adjust for cross-regional sociodemographic differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Point-prevalence was 37.1%, 1-year prevalence 76.0%, and lifetime prevalence 85.5%. A substantial minority had severe (Grade II, 8.0%) or disabling back pain (Grade III-IV, 11.2%). Subjects with a low educational level reported substantially more disabling back pain. This variable was an important predictor for large cross-regional differences in the burden of back pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Back pain is a highly prevalent condition in Germany. Disabling back pain in this country may be regarded as part of a social disadvantage syndrome. Educational level should receive greater attention in future cross-regional comparisons of back pain.
authors: Institute of Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. carsten.schmidt@uni-greifswald.de
authors: Carsten Oliver
authors: CO
authors: Schmidt
authors: Heiner
authors: H
authors: Raspe
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Pfingsten
authors: Monika
authors: M
authors: Hasenbring
authors: Heinz Dieter
authors: HD
authors: Basler
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Eich
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Kohlmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001416:Back Pain / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors