Search for the sex-determining switch in monotremes: mapping WT1, SF1, LHX1, LHX2, FGF9, WNT4, RSPO1 and GATA4 in platypus.
The duck-billed platypus has five pairs of sex chromosomes, but there is no information about the primary sex-determining switch in this species. As there is no apparent SRY orthologue in platypus, another gene must acquire the function of a key regulator of the gonadal male or female fate. SOX9 was ruled out from being this key regulator as it maps to an autosome in platypus. To check whether other genes in mammalian gonadogenesis could be the primary switch in monotremes, we have mapped a number of candidates in platypus. We report here the autosomal location of WT1, SF1, LHX1, LHX9, FGF9, WNT4 and RSPO1 in platypus, thus excluding these from being key regulators of sex determination in this species. We found that GATA4 maps to sex chromosomes Y1 and X2; however, it lies in the pairing region shown by chromosome painting to be homologous, so is unlikely to be either male-specific or differentially dosed in male and female.
Grafodatskaya
Daria
D
Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 OES, UK.
Rens
Willem
W
Wallis
Mary C
MC
Trifonov
Vladimir
V
O'Brien
Patricia C M
PC
Clarke
Oliver
O
Graves
Jennifer A M
JA
Ferguson-Smith
Malcolm A
MA
D000818:Animals; D022202:Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D051525:Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 / Q000235:genetics; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008677:Metaphase; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010987:Platypus; D019849:Sex Determination Processes; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics; D019699:Thrombospondins / Q000235:genetics; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D060528:Wnt4 Protein
D051525:Fibroblast Growth Factor 9; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1; D019699:Thrombospondins; C555581:WNT4 protein, human; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D060528:Wnt4 Protein
Mol Genet Metab. 2001 Jan;72(1):61-6
11161830
Nature. 2000 Feb 24;403(6772):909-13
10706291
Genomics. 2007 Jan;89(1):10-21
16962738
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 Dec;1061:9-17
16467253
Nature. 2004 Dec 16;432(7019):913-7
15502814
Hum Mol Genet. 1998 Mar;7(3):429-34
9467000
Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1998;80(1-4):214-21
9678361
Development. 2002 Oct;129(19):4627-34
12223418
Sex Dev. 2007;1(1):2-11
18391511
J Exp Zool. 2001 Dec 1;290(7):691-9
11748617
Endocrinology. 1997 Aug;138(8):3505-14
9231805
Nat Genet. 2006 Nov;38(11):1304-9
17041600
Nature. 1990 Jul 19;346(6281):240-4
1695712
Cytogenet Genome Res. 2007;116(3):232-4
17317965
Dev Dyn. 2002 Nov;225(3):221-32
12412004
Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2006 Nov 13;4:59
17101057
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2003 Aug;28(2):360-85
12878472
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Nov 16;101(46):16257-61
15534209
Genomics. 1992 Aug;13(4):1119-24
1505947
Dev Biol. 2001 Dec 1;240(1):92-107
11784049
Dev Biol. 2005 Apr 1;280(1):150-61
15766755
Eur J Endocrinol. 2000 Feb;142(2):101-10
10664515
Nat Genet. 1996 Sep;14(1):62-8
8782821
Gene. 1999 Jul 8;234(2):395-402
10395913
Genes Dev. 2002 Jul 15;16(14):1839-51
12130543
Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 1992 Apr;4(3):257-63
1382568
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1995 Nov 29;350(1333):305-11; discussion 311-2
8570696
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Dec 15;88(24):11256-60
1763040
J Hered. 1991 Mar-Apr;82(2):134-9
2013687
Gene. 2000 Jan 11;241(2):223-32
10675033
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Sep;87(18):7125-9
2402495
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Aug 8;103(32):11987-92
16877546
Genomics. 1996 Jul 1;35(1):66-70
8661105
Poult Sci. 2003 Sep;82(9):1462-7
12967261
Development. 1998 Jul;125(14):2665-75
9636081
Endocr Res. 2004 Nov;30(4):523
15666784