title: [Biography of Phillip Bozzini (1773-1809) an idealist of the endoscopy].
abstract: Philipp Bozzini was born the 25 of May of 1773 in Mainz, Germany. The 12 of June of 1797 obtain the title of medicine doctor. From 1804 it is practically dedicated of complete to the development of its instrument, this have the approximated form of one metallic vase of 35 cm height, had in leather. In its previous face it has a circular opening that is divided vertically by a partition. In left half is the luminance source (a wax candle) and behind is a mirror, that it projects the light produced towards the interior of the corporal cavity to explore. By other half, the observer receives the reflected light and the image of the explored organ. In the later face they adapt according to the cavity diverse specula's, this allow to inspect ear, urethra, feminine bladder, rectum, uterine neck, nasal or wounds. Philipp Bozzini, profit with modest means available at the beginning of XIX century, to demonstrate to the medical world the way of endoscopes. It was with its instrument and ideas, 3/4 of century advanced to the technical and scientific possibilities of the moment. The historians are in agreement, in which this instrument, with artificial light, diverse mirrors and specula's war the beginning of a numerous family of endoscopies.
authors: Reuter Klinik, Servicio de Urología del Hospital Karl-Olga, Hospital escuela de la Universidad de Ulm, Museo de la endoscopía Max Nitze, Stuttgart, Estado Federal de Baden-Württemberg, Germany. andresbverger@aol.com
authors: A B
authors: AB
authors: Verger-Kuhnke
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Reuter
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Beccaria
mesh_terms: D019723:Endoscopes / Q000266:history*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000266:history*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005858:Germany; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century