title: Multiple intracranial cavernous malformations: clinical features and treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although patients with MCMs have increasingly been found in clinics, little has been focused on them. Thus, we intended to investigate these patients' clinical presentations, family history, radiological characters, and treatment strategy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of the files and family investigations were conducted for 30 patients with MCMs. All patients underwent MRI examination. Symptomatic patients underwent the surgical treatment with image-guided technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 19 male and 11 female patients with a total 79 lesions. The common presentations were seizures, hemorrhages, or focal neurological deficits. Nine patients had positive or doubtful family history. The FLAIR sequence of MRI showed the highest sensitivity in the detection of CM lesions. In 27 symptomatic patients with 69 lesions, total removal was achieved in 19 patients with 48 lesions. In the other 8 patients with 21 lesions, 13 lesions were removed. Preoperative symptoms were improved in 21 patients and unchanged in 5. Preoperative neurological deficits temporarily worsened in one, and a new onset of seizure occurred in other one; but both gradually improved during the follow-up period. Among 3 patients with asymptomatic MCMs, one patient had hemorrhage during the follow-up period and underwent surgical operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because a high frequency of family CM occurs in MCMs, a detailed family investigation is mandatory for each patient with MCM. Selection of higher sensitive MRI sequence would contribute to detection of more CM lesions. Microsurgery assisted with the neuroimaging techniques is the treatment of choice for symptomatic MCMs.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Neurosurgical Center, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors: Yao
authors: Y
authors: Zhao
authors: Gu-Hong
authors: GH
authors: Du
authors: Yong-Fei
authors: YF
authors: Wang
authors: Jing-Song
authors: JS
authors: Wu
authors: Li-Qian
authors: LQ
authors: Xie
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Mao
authors: Liang-Fu
authors: LF
authors: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020786:Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D038361:Neuronavigation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome