Acute oral leucine administration stimulates protein synthesis during chronic sepsis through enhanced association of eukaryotic initiation factor 4G with eukaryotic initiation factor 4E in rats.
Sepsis induces the loss of muscle proteins by impairing skeletal muscle protein synthesis through an inhibition of messenger RNA (mRNA) translation initiation. Amino acids and Leu (Leu) in particular stimulate mRNA translation initiation. The experiments were designed to test the effects of Leu on potential signal transduction pathways that may be important in accelerating mRNA translation initiation in skeletal muscle of rats with chronic (5-6 d) septic intra-abdominal abscess. Gastrocnemius from male Sprague Dawley rats gavaged with Leu or water were sampled 5-6 d following development of an intra-abdominal sterile or septic abscess. Gavage with Leu stimulated protein synthesis and enhanced the assembly of the active eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4G-eIF4E complex. Increased assembly of the active eIF4G-eIF4E complex was associated with a robust rise in phosphorylation of eIF4G(Ser(1108)) and a decreased assembly of inactive eIF4E binding protein-1 (4E-BP1)-eIF4E complex in both sterile inflammatory and septic rats. The reduced assembly of 4E-BP1-eIF4E complex was associated with an increase in phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 in the gamma-form following Leu gavage. Phosphorylation of 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase on Thr(389) was also increased following Leu gavage, as well as the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin on Ser(2448) or Ser(2481). In contrast, phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB) on Thr(308) or Ser(473) was not augmented following Leu gavage in septic rats. We conclude that Leu stimulates a PKB-independent signal pathway elevating the eIF4G-eIF4E complex assembly through increased phosphorylation of eIF4G and decreased association of 4E-BP1 with eIF4E in skeletal muscle during sepsis.
Vary
Thomas C
TC
Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. tvary@psu.edu
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E / Q000378:metabolism*; D039603:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4G / Q000378:metabolism*; D007930:Leucine / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011485:Protein Binding; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018805:Sepsis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D013997:Time Factors
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; D039603:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4G; D011494:Protein Kinases; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D007930:Leucine