title: Evaluation of dental extractions, suturing and INR on postoperative bleeding of patients maintained on oral anticoagulant therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the consequences of temporary withdrawal of warfarin and/or suturing on bleeding and healing pattern following dental extractions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and fourteen patients on long-term oral anticoagulation (warfarin) therapy scheduled for dental extraction were randomly divided into four groups: no suturing and discontinued (group 1) or continued warfarin (group 2), and suturing and discontinued (group 3) or continued warfarin (group 4). International normalised ratio (INR) was determined at different time points (baseline, days 1, 3 and 7).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Discontinuing warfarin reduced INR level significantly at day 1, which subsequently reached <1.5 in 96 out of 104 patients (group 1 and 3). Statistical comparisons among the different treatment groups did not reveal any significant difference regarding bleeding status or healing pattern. Interestingly, patients who received sutures showed higher but insignificant incidence of bleeding postoperatively compared to their respective controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dental extractions may be safely performed for patients on anticoagulation therapy provided the INR level is kept <3.0 and effective measures of local haemostasis are administered. The decision to suture should be made on case-by-case basis, as the trauma associated with soft tissue handling might outweigh its advantages in certain situations like simple extractions.
authors: Dental Department, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. smubarak@humanitariancity.org.sa
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Al-Mubarak
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Al-Ali
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Abou-Rass
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Al-Sohail
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Robert
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Al-Zoman
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Al-Suwyed
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ciancio
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin