title: Differential ex vivo nitric oxide production by acutely isolated neonatal and adult microglia.
abstract: Microglia are the macrophage population residing in the parenchyma of the central nervous system (CNS), and are thought to play critical roles in CNS development, homeostasis and defense against pathogens. Microglia are capable of rapidly responding to microbial pathogens through engagement of their Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We first compared the efficiency of these responses in primary microglia acutely isolated from adult and neonatal mice. While the cytokine and chemokine responses of adult microglia were generally higher than those of neonatal cells stimulated ex vivo through TLRs, the nitric oxide response of neonatal microglia was markedly enhanced relative to the adult cells. We then went on to identify culture conditions such as exposure to M-SCF or GM-CSF that markedly enhanced the nitric oxide response of microglia, particularly those from the adult CNS. Finally, we demonstrate that the differential nitric oxide response of neonatal and adult microglia is not only limited to the mouse, but also extends to rat microglia.
authors: Departments of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
authors: John B
authors: JB
authors: Schell
authors: Courtney A
authors: CA
authors: Crane
authors: Michael F
authors: MF
authors: Smith
authors: Margo R
authors: MR
authors: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007369:Interferon Inducers / Q000494:pharmacology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007369:Interferon Inducers; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C508075:Pam(3)CSK(4) peptide; D010455:Peptides; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011070:Poly I-C
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