Translating pharmacogenomics: challenges on the road to the clinic.
Pharmacogenomics is one of the first clinical applications of the postgenomic era. It promises personalized medicine rather than the established "one size fits all" approach to drugs and dosages. The expected reduction in trial and error should ultimately lead to more efficient and safer drug therapy. In recent years, commercially available pharmacogenomic tests have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), but their application in patient care remains very limited. More generally, the implementation of pharmacogenomics in routine clinical practice presents significant challenges. This article presents specific clinical examples of such challenges and discusses how obstacles to implementation of pharmacogenomic testing can be addressed.
Swen
Jesse J
JJ
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Huizinga
Tom W
TW
Gelderblom
Hans
H
de Vries
Elisabeth G E
EG
Assendelft
Willem J J
WJ
Kirchheiner
Julia
J
Guchelaar
Henk-Jan
HJ
D001709:Biotechnology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004358:Drug Therapy; D004363:Drug Utilization; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
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