Elimination of Onchocercia volvulus transmission in the Santa Rosa focus of Guatemala.
To eliminate transmission of Onchocerca volvulus, semiannual mass treatment with ivermectin (Mectizan; donated by Merck & Co) has been underway in Guatemala since 2000. We applied the 2001 World Health Organization (WHO) elimination criteria in the Santa Rosa focus of onchocerciasis transmission in Guatemala (10,923 persons at risk). No evidence of parasite DNA was found in 2,221 Simulium ochraceum vectors (one-sided 95% confidence interval [CI], 0-0.086%), and no IgG4 antibody positives to recombinant antigen OV16 were found in a sample of 3,232 school children (95% CI, 0-0.009%). We also found no evidence of microfilariae in the anterior segment of the eye in 363 area residents (95% CI, 0-0.08%). Our interpretation of these data, together with historical information, suggest that transmission of O. volvulus is permanently interrupted in Santa Rosa and that ivermectin treatments there can be halted.
Lindblade
Kim A
KA
Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. kil2@cdc.gov
Arana
Byron
B
Zea-Flores
Guillermo
G
Rizzo
Nidia
N
Porter
Charles H
CH
Dominguez
Alfredo
A
Cruz-Ortiz
Nancy
N
Unnasch
Thomas R
TR
Punkosdy
George A
GA
Richards
Jane
J
Sauerbrey
Mauricio
M
Castro
Julio
J
Catú
Eduard
E
Oliva
Orlando
O
Richards
Frank O
FO
D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006166:Guatemala / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology*; D008297:Male; D017181:Onchocerca volvulus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009855:Onchocerciasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012843:Simuliidae / Q000469:parasitology*
D007074:Immunoglobulin G