title: Lack of agreement between thermodilution and electrical velocimetry cardiac output measurements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The modified algorithm for the non-invasive determination of cardiac output (CO) by electrical bioimpedance-electrical velocimetry (EV)-has been reported to give reliable results in comparison with echocardiography and pulmonary arterial thermodilution (PA-TD) in patients either before or after cardiac surgery. The present study was designed to determine whether EV-CO measurements reflect intraindividual changes in CO during cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operating room (OR) and intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  CO was determined simultaneously by PA-TD and EV after induction of anesthesia (t1) and 4.9+/-3.5 h after ICU admission (t2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  TD-CO was 3.9+/-1.4 and 5.4+/-1.1 l/min at t1 and t2 (p < 0.0001). EV-CO was 4.3+/-1.1 and 4.9+/-1.5 l/min at t1 and t2 (p = 0.013). Bland-Altman analysis showed a bias of -0.4 l/min and 0.4 l/min and a precision of 3.2 and 3.6 l/min (34.3% and 67.4%) at t1 and t2, respectively. Analysis of the individual pre- to postoperative changes in CO with both methods revealed bidirectional changes in n = 12 patients and unidirectional changes with a difference greater than 50% and less than 50% in n = 9 and n = 8 patients, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The disagreement between PA-TD and EV-CO measurements after anesthesia induction and after ICU admission, as well as the fact that thoracic bioimpedance did not adequately reflect pre- to postoperative changes in CO, questions the reliability of EV-CO measurements in cardiac surgery patients and contrasts sharply with previous studies.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany. heringlake@t-online.de
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Heringlake
authors: Ulrich
authors: U
authors: Handke
authors: Thorsten
authors: T
authors: Hanke
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Eberhardt
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Schumacher
authors: Hartmut
authors: H
authors: Gehring
authors: Hermann
authors: H
authors: Heinze
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D002407:Catheterization, Swan-Ganz; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019370:Observation; D009873:Operating Rooms; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013815:Thermodilution / Q000379:methods*; D013903:Thoracic Surgery
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