title: Goldmann applanation tonometry over daily disposable contact lens: accuracy and safety of procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study accuracy and safety, related to sensation (discomfort) and trauma, when using Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) on eyes wearing daily disposable soft contact lenses.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intra-ocular pressure (IOP) of 136 normal eyes of 68 subjects was measured by Goldmann tonometer. Measurements were made in one eye with a contact lens (hilafilcon A) without anaesthetic drops and then without the contact lens using one drop of 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride. Each contact lens used was identical as to back optic zone, back vertex power. Standard Goldmann procedure only was used for the fellow eye of each subject. Subjective sensation (discomfort) responses to both procedures were studied in a subgroup (66 eyes) using a scale of discomfort, from 1 (no sensation) to 5 (highest sensation). Epithelial staining after tonometry was evaluated for this subgroup.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were found for the IOP with and without contact lens (t<1; p=0.63) for the IOP range studied. There was a good correlation between the two procedures (r=0.81; p<0.05). Lowest sensation was found with tonometry on the anaesthetized cornea; this condition was significantly different from other conditions (p<0.005). No difference was found among the other conditions (contact lens insertion, tonometry on contact lens and application of topical anaesthetic). Corneal epithelial staining following the standard tonometry procedure was significantly higher than following the procedure with a contact lens (p<0.00005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of IOP by GAT over a daily disposable soft contact lens is accurate, compared to the standard procedure and within the IOP's normal range studied here. Also using a contact lens results in less trauma whilst discomfort is similar.
authors: Dipartimento di Optometria, Istituto Superiore di Stato E. De Amicis, Via Galvani 6, 00153 Rome, Italy. fabrizio.zeri@uniroma1.it
authors: Fabrizio
authors: F
authors: Zeri
authors: Luigi
authors: L
authors: Lupelli
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Formichella
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Masci
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Fletcher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D003263:Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; D004209:Disposable Equipment; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000293:injuries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012677:Sensation; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000209:etiology