title: The plateau outward current in canine ventricle, sensitive to 4-aminopyridine, is a constitutive contributor to ventricular repolarization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  I(Kur) (Ultra-rapid delayed rectifier current) has microM sensitivity to 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and is an important modulator of the plateau amplitude and action potential duration in canine atria. Kv1.5 encodes I(Kur) and is present in both atria and ventricles in canines and humans. We hypothesized that a similar plateau outward current with microM sensitivity to 4-AP is present in canine ventricle.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used established voltage clamp protocols and used 4-AP (50 and 100 microM) to measure a plateau outward current in normal canine myocytes isolated from the left ventricular mid-myocardium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Action potential recordings in the presence of 4-AP showed significant prolongation of action potential duration at 50 and 90% repolarization at 0.5 and 1 Hz (P<0.05), while no prolongation occurred at 2 Hz. Voltage clamp experiments revealed a rapidly activating current, similar to current characteristics of canine atrial I(Kur), in approximately 70% of left ventricular myocytes. The IC(50) of 4-AP for this current was 24.2 microM. The concentration of 4-AP used in our experiments resulted in selective blockade of an outward current that was not I(to) or I(Kr). Beta-adrenergic stimulation with isoprenaline significantly increased the 4-AP sensitive outward current density (P<0.05), suggesting a role for this current during increased sympathetic stimulation. In silico incorporation into a canine ventricular cell model revealed selective AP prolongation after current blockade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the existence of a canine ventricular plateau outward current sensitive to micromolar 4-AP and its constitutive role in ventricular repolarization.
authors: Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sridhar
authors: D N Q
authors: DN
authors: da Cunha
authors: V A
authors: VA
authors: Lacombe
authors: Q
authors: Q
authors: Zhou
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Fox
authors: R L
authors: RL
authors: Hamlin
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Carnes
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D051668:Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008390:Markov Chains; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D051668:Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D012996:Solutions; D015761:4-Aminopyridine
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