title: Diffusion tensor imaging in children with periventricular leukomalacia: variability of injuries to white matter tracts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Conventional MR imaging shows evidence of brain injury and/or maldevelopment in 70%-90% of children with cerebral palsy (CP), though its capability to identify specific white matter tract injury is limited. The great variability of white matter lesions in CP already demonstrated by postmortem studies is thought to be one of the reasons why response to treatment is so variable. Our hypothesis is that diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a suitable technique to provide in vivo characterization of specific white matter tract lesions in children with CP associated with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 24 children with CP associated with PVL and 35 healthy controls were evaluated with DTI. Criteria for identification of 26 white matter tracts on the basis of 2D DTI color-coded maps were established, and a qualitative scoring system, based on visual inspection of the tracts in comparison with age-matched controls, was used to grade the severity of abnormalities. An ordinal grading system (0=normal, 1=abnormal, 2=severely abnormal or absent) was used to score each white matter tract.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was marked variability in white matter injury pattern in patients with PVL, with the most frequent injury to the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule, posterior thalamic radiation, superior corona radiata, and commissural fibers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DTI is a suitable technique for in vivo assessment of specific white matter lesions in patients with PVL and, thus, a potentially valuable diagnostic tool. The tract-specific evaluation revealed a family of tracts that are highly susceptible in PVL, important information that can potentially be used to tailor treatment options in the future.
authors: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USAand Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. lidiamayumi@gmail.com
authors: L M
authors: LM
authors: Nagae
authors: A H
authors: AH
authors: Hoon
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Stashinko
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Lin
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Levey
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Wakana
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Jiang
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Leite
authors: L T
authors: LT
authors: Lucato
authors: P C M
authors: PC
authors: van Zijl
authors: M V
authors: MV
authors: Johnston
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Mori
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007969:Leukomalacia, Periventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
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