title: Chronic insomnia and MRI-measured hippocampal volumes: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Morphometric analysis of magnetic resonance imaging brain scans was used to investigate possible neuroanatomic differences between patients with primary insomnia compared to good sleepers.
  
  
  METHODS
  MRI images (1.5 Tesla) of the brain were obtained from insomnia patients and good sleepers. MRI scans were analyzed bilaterally by manual morphometry for different brain areas including hippocampus, amygdala, anterior cingulate, orbitofron-tal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
  
  
  METHODS
  University Hospital Sleep Center and Radiology Department
  
  
  METHODS
  8 unmedicated physician-referred patients with chronic primary insomnia (3 males, 5 females; 48.4 + 16.3 years) and 8 good sleepers matched for age, sex, body mass index, and education.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with primary insomnia demonstrated significantly reduced hippocampal volumes bilaterally compared to the good sleepers. None of the other regions of interest analyzed revealed differences between the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These pilot data raise the possibility that chronic insomnia is associated with alterations in brain structure. Replication of the findings in larger samples is needed to confirm the validity of the data. The integration of structural, neuropsychological, neuroendocrine and polysomnographic studies is necessary to further assess the relationships between insomnia and brain function and structure.
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Freiburg University Medical Center, Hauptstr. 5, D-79104 Germany. dieter.riemann@uniklinik-freiburg.de
authors: Dieter
authors: D
authors: Riemann
authors: Ulrich
authors: U
authors: Voderholzer
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Spiegelhalder
authors: Magdolna
authors: M
authors: Hornyak
authors: Daniel J
authors: DJ
authors: Buysse
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Nissen
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Hennig
authors: Michael L
authors: ML
authors: Perlis
authors: Ludger Tebartz
authors: LT
authors: van Elst
authors: Bernd
authors: B
authors: Feige
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000679:Amygdala / Q000473:pathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000473:pathology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D012016:Reference Values; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*
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