Transport of nuclear-encoded proteins into secondarily evolved plastids.
Many algal groups evolved by engulfment and intracellular reduction of a eukaryotic phototroph within a heterotrophic cell. Via this process, so-called secondary plastids evolved, surrounded by three or four membranes. In these organisms most of the genetic material encoding plastid functions is localized in the cell nucleus, with the result that many proteins have to pass three, four, or even five membranes to reach their final destination within the plastid. In this article, we review recent models and findings that help to explain important cellular mechanisms involved in the complex process of protein transport into secondary plastids.
Hempel
Franziska
F
Laboratory for Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
Bozarth
Andrew
A
Sommer
Maik S
MS
Zauner
Stefan
S
Przyborski
Jude M
JM
Maier
Uwe-G
UG
D020418:Algal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism; D018087:Plastids / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport; D020524:Thylakoids / Q000378:metabolism*
D020418:Algal Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins