Cutaneous human papillomaviruses found in sun-exposed skin: Beta-papillomavirus species 2 predominates in squamous cell carcinoma.
BACKGROUND
A spectrum of cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is detectable in nonmelanoma skin cancers, as well as in healthy skin, but the significance that the presence of these types of HPV DNA has for the pathogenesis of skin cancer remains unclear.


METHODS
We studied 349 nonimmunosuppressed patients with skin lesions (82 with squamous cell carcinomas, 126 with basal cell carcinomas, 49 with actinic keratoses, and 92 with benign lesions). After superficial skin had been removed by tape, paired biopsy samples--from the lesion and from healthy skin from the same patient--were tested for HPV DNA. Risk factors for HPV DNA were analyzed in multivariate models.


RESULTS
Overall, 12% of healthy skin samples were positive for HPV DNA, compared with 26% of benign lesions, 22% of actinic keratoses, 18% of basal cell carcinomas, and 26% of squamous cell carcinomas. HPV DNA was associated with sites extensively exposed to the sun, both for the lesions (odds ratio [OR], 4.45 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.44-8.11]) and for the healthy skin samples (OR, 3.65 [95% CI 1.79-7.44]). HPV types of Beta-papillomavirus species 2 predominate in squamous cell carcinomas (OR, 4.40 [95% CI, 1.92-10.06]), whereas HPV types of Beta-papillomavirus species 1 are primarily found in benign lesions (OR, 3.47 [95% CI, 1.72-6.99]).


CONCLUSIONS
Cutaneous HPV types are primarily detected at sites extensively exposed to the sun. HPV types of Beta-papillomavirus species 2, but not of species 1, are associated with squamous cell carcinoma.
Forslund
Ola
O
Department of Medical Microbiology, Malmo University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden. Ola.Forslund@med.lu.se
Iftner
Thomas
T
Andersson
Kristin
K
Lindelof
Bernt
B
Hradil
Eva
E
Nordin
Peter
P
Stenquist
Bo
B
Kirnbauer
Reinhard
R
Dillner
Joakim
J
de Villiers
Ethel-Michele
EM
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D052686:Betapapillomavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000821:virology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000821:virology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects*
D004279:DNA, Viral
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