title: Insulin sensitivity, proinflammatory markers and adiponectin in young males with different subtypes of depressive disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate insulin sensitivity, proinflammatory markers and adiponectin concentration in young males with different subtypes of depressive disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonobese young males with depressive disorder (ages between 18 years and 30 years; body mass index, BMI < or = 25 kg/m(2)) were recruited and divided into reactive depression (RD, N = 14), major depression (MD, N = 21) and bipolar depression (BD, N = 15) based on clinical course and symptom changes in Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAM-D). Fourteen age- and BMI-matched healthy males were enrolled as controls. All of the participants received a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function were calculated by minimal model method from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the controls, insulin sensitivity (S(I)) were significantly lower in MD and BD (0.78 +/- 0.09 min(-1)/pmol and 0.75 +/- 0.09 min(-1)/pmol vs. 1.09 +/- 0.08 x 10(-5) min(-1)/pmol, P < 0.05, respectively). Acute insulin response (AIR) to intravenous glucose was elevated in BD as compared to control and RD groups (6079.9 +/- 841.8 pmol vs. 3339.8 +/- 356.4 pmol and 3494.8 +/- 337.7 pmol, P < 0.05, respectively). Plasma adiponectin level was diminished in BD group as compared to the control and RD groups (7.41 +/- 0.45 microg/ml vs. 9.07 +/- 0.54 microg/ml and 9.38 +/- 0.46 microg/ml; P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). By regression analysis, a significantly negative correlation between HAM-D score and S(I) was found in MD (r = -0.60, P = 0.005) and BD groups (r = -0.57, P = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that there is an inverse relationship between both major and bipolar depression and insulin resistance in nonobese young males.
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Yi-Jen
authors: YJ
authors: Hung
authors: Chang-Hsun
authors: CH
authors: Hsieh
authors: Yu-Jun
authors: YJ
authors: Chen
authors: Dee
authors: D
authors: Pei
authors: Shi-Wen
authors: SW
authors: Kuo
authors: Der-Chung
authors: DC
authors: Shen
authors: Wayne Huey-Herng
authors: WH
authors: Sheu
authors: Yi-Chyan
authors: YC
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein