title: Significance of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in cervical carcinogenesis: an immunohistochemical study in squamous cell carcinoma and squamous intraepithelial lesions.
abstract: Sixteen low grade (LSIL), 22 high grade (HSIL) squamous intraepithelial lesions, 28 invasive (13 stage I and 15 stage II-IV) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 15 benign cervices were immunohistochemically studied for involvement of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in cervical carcinogenesis. 4-microm sections of the cases were immunostained for Bcl-2 (Clone 124: Dako) and Bax (Dako) and staining intensity was rated as 1 (light), 2 (moderate) and 3 (strong) and percentage cellular staining as 0 (negative), 1 (1-25%), 2 (26-50%), 3 (51-75%) and 4 (>75%) with score derived by multiplying staining intensity and percentage positivity. The cut-off value, indicating upregulated expression, was computed as >2 for Bcl-2 and >8 for Bax. Bcl-2 was upregulated (p < 0.05) in HSIL and Bax in SCC when compared with benign cervical squamous epithelium. Bcl-2 expression was confined to the lower third of the epithelium in the benign cervices and LSIL. In HSIL, expression reached the middle and upper thirds. 4 (30.8%) HSIL with upregulated Bcl-2 demonstrated intensification of staining around the basement membrane. SCCs showed "diffuse" (evenly distributed) or "basal" (intensified staining around the periphery of the invading tumour nests) expression of Bcl-2. Of the 5 SCCs with upregulated Bcl-2, 1 of 2 (50%) stage I and 3 (100%) stage II-IV tumours exhibited the "basal" pattern. Benign cervical squamous epithelium, LSIL, HSIL and SCC showed a generally diffuse Bax expression. Thus, Bcl-2 and Bax appeared to be upregulated at different stages of cervical carcinogenesis, Bcl-2 in HSIL and Bax after invasion. Intensification of staining of Bcl-2 at the basement membrane in some HSIL and SCC is interesting and may augur for increased aggressiveness.
authors: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Phaik-Leng
authors: PL
authors: Cheah
authors: Lai-Meng
authors: LM
authors: Looi
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein