title: Neural plate morphogenesis during mouse neurulation is regulated by antagonism of Bmp signalling.
abstract: Dorsolateral bending of the neural plate, an undifferentiated pseudostratified epithelium, is essential for neural tube closure in the mouse spinal region. If dorsolateral bending fails, spina bifida results. In the present study, we investigated the molecular signals that regulate the formation of dorsolateral hinge points (DLHPs). We show that Bmp2 expression correlates with upper spinal neurulation (in which DLHPs are absent); that Bmp2-null embryos exhibit premature, exaggerated DLHPs; and that the local release of Bmp2 inhibits neural fold bending. Therefore, Bmp signalling is necessary and sufficient to inhibit DLHPs. By contrast, the Bmp antagonist noggin is expressed dorsally in neural folds containing DLHPs, noggin-null embryos show markedly reduced dorsolateral bending and local release of noggin stimulates bending. Hence, Bmp antagonism is both necessary and sufficient to induce dorsolateral bending. The local release of Shh suppresses dorsal noggin expression, explaining the absence of DLHPs at high spinal levels, where notochordal expression of Shh is strong. DLHPs ;break through' at low spinal levels, where Shh expression is weaker. Zic2 mutant embryos fail to express Bmp antagonists dorsally and lack DLHPs, developing severe spina bifida. Our findings reveal a molecular mechanism based on antagonism of Bmp signalling that underlies the regulation of DLHP formation during mouse spinal neural tube closure.
authors: Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK. p.ybot-gonzalez@ich.ucl.ac.uk
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Ybot-Gonzalez
authors: Carles
authors: C
authors: Gaston-Massuet
authors: Gemma
authors: G
authors: Girdler
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Klingensmith
authors: Ruth
authors: R
authors: Arkell
authors: Nicholas D E
authors: ND
authors: Greene
authors: Andrew J
authors: AJ
authors: Copp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008954:Models, Biological; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D009420:Nervous System / Q000196:embryology*; D009672:Notochord / Q000166:cytology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000099176:Noggin Protein
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000099176:Noggin Protein; C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse; C491811:Zic2 protein, mouse