Deleting islet autoimmunity.
Even though there are numerous autoantigens for type 1 diabetes, current evidence suggests that a single autoantigen, namely insulin, is responsible for the key initiating event in autoimmunity. If a single autoantigen is necessary for triggering the autoimmune process, then antigen-specific therapy to block or delete the immune response against that autoantigen before epitope spreading occurs, may become a larger focus of future immunotherapeutic strategies. In this article, we review current literature regarding insulin as an autoantigen and potential approaches to deleting insulin-reactive T cells through the use of peptide vaccines and targeted T cell receptor immunizations.
Liu
Edwin
E
Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
Li
Marcella
M
Jasinski
Jean
J
Kobayashi
Masakazu
M
Gianani
Roberto
R
Nakayama
Maki
M
Eisenbarth
George S
GS
D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007328:Insulin / Q000276:immunology*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
D001324:Autoantigens; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C097877:insulin B (9-23)