title: Demographic and psychosocial predictors of acute perioperative pain for total knee arthroplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As the North American population ages, the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis and the surgical interventions (ie, total knee arthroplasty [TKA]) aimed at correcting pain and disability will also rise proportionally. Therefore, efforts to better understand the factors associated with surgical outcomes are warranted. To date, no studies have examined the impact of psychosocial factors on acute postoperative TKA pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The primary objective was to examine the associations among catastrophizing, negative mood, demographics and acute postoperative pain following TKA. Ancillary analyses examined the association of preoperative psychological variables with postoperative pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients completed questionnaire packages 2 h before their surgery and on three consecutive postoperative days while in the hospital. The questionnaire packages included the Short Form - McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and the Shortened Version of Profile of Mood States. The Mini-Mental State Examination was also administered. Demographic data were extracted from patients' medical charts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Associations among catastrophizing, negative mood and pain were established. Regressions showed that younger age predicted greater preoperative and postoperative day 1 pain; catastrophizing predicted preoperative and postoperative day 2 pain; and negative mood predicted postoperative day 3 pain. Catastrophizing and negative mood were highly correlated at several assessment points. Preoperative variables did not predict postoperative pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results have postoperative pain management implications. Heightened attention to psychosocial variables, such as postoperative catastrophizing and negative mood, may be useful in identifying patients at risk for greater postoperative pain.
authors: Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada. mayar@yorku.ca
authors: Maya L
authors: ML
authors: Roth
authors: Dean A
authors: DA
authors: Tripp
authors: Mark H
authors: MH
authors: Harrison
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Sullivan
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Carson
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000523:psychology*; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000601:surgery; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*
references: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Apr;72(2):355-61
references: 15065968
references: J Indiana Dent Assoc. 2000-2001;79(4):16-9
references: 11314075
references: J Athl Train. 2003 Jun;38(2):154-157
references: 12937527
references: Acta Orthop Scand Suppl. 2001 Feb;72(301):1-63
references: 11484439
references: Pain. 2000 Sep;87(3):325-34
references: 10963912
references: Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998 Nov;(356):93-110
references: 9917673
references: Clin J Pain. 2004 May-Jun;20(3):164-73
references: 15100592
references: Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000 May;39(5):490-6
references: 10852978
references: Clin J Pain. 2005 Nov-Dec;21(6):513-23
references: 16215337
references: Clin J Pain. 2001 Mar;17(1):52-64
references: 11289089
references: Orthop Nurs. 2001 Mar-Apr;20(2):37-41; quiz 42-4
references: 12024633
references: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Jun;70(3):640-55
references: 12090374
references: Lancet. 2003 Dec 6;362(9399):1921-8
references: 14667752
references: J Psychosom Res. 2001 Jun;50(6):325-35
references: 11438114
references: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1999 Oct;67(5):776-85
references: 10535244
references: Behav Res Ther. 2005 Nov;43(11):1495-507
references: 16159591
references: Pain Suppl. 1986;3:S1-226
references: 3461421
references: Health Rep. 2002 Oct;14(1):37-50
references: 15069801
references: Clin J Pain. 2005 Sep-Oct;21(5):439-45
references: 16093750
references: Biofeedback Self Regul. 1995 Dec;20(4):339-55
references: 8695700
references: Pain. 1991 Dec;47(3):249-83
references: 1784498
references: Psychol Bull. 1985 Jan;97(1):18-34
references: 3983297
references: Pain. 2007 Dec 15;133(1-3):39-46
references: 17408858
references: Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003 Nov;(416):27-36
references: 14646737
references: J Psychiatr Res. 1975 Nov;12(3):189-98
references: 1202204
references: J Gerontol Nurs. 1991 Apr;17(4):12-9
references: 2010600
references: Clin J Pain. 2005 Jan-Feb;21(1):83-90
references: 15599135
references: Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2000 Sep;12(5):450-5
references: 10990186
references: J Behav Med. 1996 Feb;19(1):17-29
references: 8932659
references: Pain. 1996 Nov;68(1):45-53
references: 9251997
references: Pain. 1987 Aug;30(2):191-7
references: 3670870
references: Image J Nurs Sch. 1999;31(3):221-6
references: 10528450
references: Orthop Nurs. 2000 Nov-Dec;19(6):35-44
references: 11899307
references: Can J Surg. 2003 Feb;46(1):15-22
references: 12585788
references: Pain. 2001 Mar;91(1-2):147-54
references: 11240087
references: Health Psychol. 2002 Nov;21(6):573-8
references: 12433009
references: Nurs Res. 2004 Mar-Apr;53(2):99-106
references: 15084994
references: Health Psychol. 2004 Jul;23(4):381-7
references: 15264974
references: Clin Geriatr Med. 2001 Aug;17(3):433-56, v-vi
references: 11459714
references: J Pers Assess. 1983 Jun;47(3):305-6
references: 6886962
references: Clin Geriatr Med. 1998 Aug;14(3):435-54
references: 9664101
references: Pain. 1989 Mar;36(3):339-50
references: 2710563
references: J Abnorm Psychol. 1981 Dec;90(6):554-61
references: 7320324
references: BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2006;7:38
references: 16670005
references: J Arthroplasty. 2002 Sep;17(6):681-4
references: 12216019
references: Pain. 1999 Feb;79(2-3):207-15
references: 10068166
references: Health Rep. 1999 Summer;11(1):31-43(Eng); 33-47(Fre)
references: 11965822
references: Pain. 2003 Jun;103(3):303-11
references: 12791436
references: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003 Feb;71(1):81-91
references: 12602428
references: Pain. 2002 Nov;100(1-2):47-53
references: 12435458