title: The organization and financing of end-stage renal disease treatment in Japan.
abstract: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) affects 230,000 Japanese, with about 36,000 cases diagnosed each year. Recent increases in ESRD incidence are attributed mainly to increases in diabetes and a rapidly aging population. Renal transplantation is rare in Japan. In private dialysis clinics, the majority of treatment costs are paid as fixed fees per session and the rest are fee for service. Payments for hospital-based dialysis are either fee-for-service or diagnosis-related. Dialysis is widely available, but reimbursement rates have recently been reduced. Clinical outcomes of dialysis are better in Japan than in other countries, but this may change given recent ESRD cost containment policies.
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto, Japan. fukuhara@pbh.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors: Shunichi
authors: S
authors: Fukuhara
authors: Chikao
authors: C
authors: Yamazaki
authors: Yasuaki
authors: Y
authors: Hayashino
authors: Takahiro
authors: T
authors: Higashi
authors: Margaret A
authors: MA
authors: Eichleay
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Akiba
authors: Tadao
authors: T
authors: Akizawa
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Saito
authors: Friedrich K
authors: FK
authors: Port
authors: Kiyoshi
authors: K
authors: Kurokawa
mesh_terms: D003956:Dialysis / Q000191:economics; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006296:Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000191:economics; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015995:Prevalence
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