title: Effects of low-dose prednisolone on endothelial function, atherosclerosis, and traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis--a randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the influence of low-dose prednisolone on atherosclerosis, endothelial function, and risk factors for atherosclerosis in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  At start of the first disease modifying antirheumatic drug, 67 patients with early, active RA were randomized to either 7.5 mg prednisolone daily (n = 34) or no prednisolone (n = 33). In the prednisolone group, 21 were treated for 2 years and 13 continuously. After a mean of 5 years intima-media thickness (IMT) and calculated intima-media area (cIMa) of the carotid arteries were determined by B-mode ultrasound. Endothelial function was determined by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IMT [median (interquartile range) 0.675 mm (0.58-0.82) vs 0.673 mm (0.0.62-0.80)], cIMa [13.7 mm2 (11.45-20.37) vs 14.1 mm2 (12.34-17.38)], prevalence of atherosclerotic plaques (82.3% vs 81.9%), and endothelial function [FMD% (mean +/- SD) 3.88% +/- 2.8 vs 3.74% +/- 2.9] did not differ between patients treated with and those not treated with prednisolone. There were no differences in lumen diameter of carotid arteries, or levels of lipoproteins, glucose, and blood pressure. Patients treated for at least 4 years (and currently treated) with prednisolone had a trend to higher systolic blood pressure (157 +/- 29 mm Hg) compared with untreated patients (141 +/- 28 mm Hg; p = 0.06) and had higher cholesterol levels (5.6 mmol/L +/- 1.39 vs 4.9 +/- 28; p = 0.03). In the whole cohort, age and HDL were independently associated with IMT; age, HDL, and blood pressure with cIMa; and age and serum creatinine with presence of atherosclerotic plaques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose prednisolone did not influence endothelial function and atherosclerosis in patients with RA. However, total cholesterol was higher in patients treated with prednisolone.
authors: Department of Rheumatology, Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. ingiald.hafstrom@karolinska.se
authors: Ingiäld
authors: I
authors: Hafström
authors: Morteza
authors: M
authors: Rohani
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Deneberg
authors: Margareta
authors: M
authors: Wörnert
authors: Tomas
authors: T
authors: Jogestrand
authors: Johan
authors: J
authors: Frostegård
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000187:drug effects; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D002784:Cholesterol; D011239:Prednisolone