title: Epidural local anesthetic plus corticosteroid for the treatment of cervical brachial radicular pain: single injection versus continuous infusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Efficacy of epidural local anesthetics plus steroids for the treatment of cervicobrachial pain is uncertain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study randomized 160 patients with cervicobrachial pain resistant to conventional therapy. Patients were divided into 4 groups on the basis of the time between pain onset and treatment initiation: group A, 40 patients with pain onset 15 to 30 days; group B, 40 patients with pain from 31 to 60 days; group C, 40 patients, 61 to 180 days; and group D, 40 patients with pain >180 days. Patients of each group were randomized to receive an epidural block with bupivacaine and methylprednisolone at intervals of 4 to 5 days (Single injection) or continuous epidural bupivacaine every 6, 12, or 24 hours plus methylprednisolone every 4 to 5 days (Continuos epidural). The maximum duration of treatment (9 blocks in Single injection, and 30 days in Continuos epidural) was dependent on achieving Pain Control (PC) > or =80% [PC is defined by this formulae: (100) (VAS(initial)-VAS(final))/VAS(initial)]. Follow-up at 1 month and 6 months compared PC and the number of pain-free hours of sleep.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred forty-one patients completed the study. The 4 groups had similar characteristics. At the 1-month and 6-month follow-up analysis based on the time between pain onset and treatment initiation showed that patients of group D, who received the Continuous epidural treatment, had significantly greater PC and significantly more pain-free hours of sleep compared with similar patients in Single injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therapy with continuous epidural local anesthetic and methylprednisolone provides better control of chronic cervicobrachial pain compared with Single injection. These results are discussed with respect to the possible mechanism of action of the drugs and may relate to the physiopathologic mechanisms associated with neuronal plasticity that result in chronic pain.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Perugia, Italy. a.pasqualucci@libero.it
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Pasqualucci
authors: Giustino
authors: G
authors: Varrassi
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Braschi
authors: Vito Aldo
authors: VA
authors: Peduto
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Brunelli
authors: Franco
authors: F
authors: Marinangeli
authors: Fabio
authors: F
authors: Gori
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Colò
authors: Antonella
authors: A
authors: Paladini
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Mojoli
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020968:Brachial Plexus Neuritis / Q000188:drug therapy; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007268:Injections, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D007558:Italy; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000700:Analgesics; D000779:Anesthetics, Local