title: High consumptions of grain, fish, dairy products and combinations of these are associated with a low prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the relation between various food groups and the frequency of insulin resistance syndrome (IRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 912 men aged 45-64 years was randomly selected. Questionnaires on risk factors and a three consecutive day food diary were completed. Height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure were measured. A fasting blood sample was analysed for lipid and glucose measurements. The NCEP-ATP-III definition was used to assess IRS. Data were analysed according to quintiles of food groups and medians of dairy products, fish, or cereal grains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of IRS was 23.5%. It reached 29.0%, 28.1% and 28.1% when the intake was below the median for fish, dairy products, and grain, respectively. When consumptions of all three types of food were higher than the median, the prevalence reached 13.1%, and when they were lower, the prevalence was 37.9% (p<0.001). In logistic regression adjusted for confounders (centre, age, physical activities, education level, smoking, dieting, alcohol intake, treatments for hypertension and dyslipidaemia, energy intake, and diet quality index) the odds ratios for IRS (above median value v below) were 0.51 (95% confidence interval, 0.36 to 0.71) for fish, 0.67 (0.47 to 0.94) for dairy products, and 0.69 (0.47 to 1.01) for grain. When intakes of all three kinds of food were high, the OR was 0.22 (0.10 to 0.44).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high consumption of dairy products, fish, or cereal grains is associated with a lower probability of IRS. The probability decreases when intakes of all three types of food were high.
authors: INSERM U558, Department of Epidemiology, Faculté de Médecine, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse cedex 7, France. jean-bernard.ruidavets@cict.fr
authors: Jean-Bernard
authors: JB
authors: Ruidavets
authors: Vanina
authors: V
authors: Bongard
authors: Jean
authors: J
authors: Dallongeville
authors: Dominique
authors: D
authors: Arveiler
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Ducimetière
authors: Bertrand
authors: B
authors: Perret
authors: Chantal
authors: C
authors: Simon
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Amouyel
authors: Jean
authors: J
authors: Ferrières
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D015930:Diet Records; D002523:Edible Grain; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005399:Fishes; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
references: Lancet. 2000 Feb 26;355(9205):675-87
references: 10703799
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 1994 May;59(5):1060-8
references: 8172092
references: Br J Nutr. 2000 Mar;83(3):257-66
references: 10884714
references: J Am Diet Assoc. 2000 Oct;100(10):1164-71
references: 11043701
references: Circulation. 2000 Oct 31;102(18):2284-99
references: 11056107
references: JAMA. 2001 May 16;285(19):2486-97
references: 11368702
references: Diabetes Care. 1994 Dec;17(12):1498-501
references: 7882827
references: QJM. 1995 Jul;88(7):469-77
references: 7633873
references: JAMA. 1996 Apr 3;275(13):1016-22
references: 8596234
references: Ann Intern Med. 1996 May 1;124(9):825-31
references: 8610952
references: J Am Diet Assoc. 1996 Jul;96(7):663-9
references: 8675909
references: Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998 Feb;52(2):104-9
references: 9505154
references: Thromb Res. 1998 Aug 1;91(3):105-12
references: 9733153
references: Br Med J. 1965 May 22;1(5446):1352-4
references: 14278841
references: Am J Hypertens. 2004 Nov;17(11 Pt 1):1056-8
references: 15533734
references: Br J Nutr. 2004 Dec;92(6):973-84
references: 15613260
references: Br J Nutr. 2005 Jan;93(1):109-14
references: 15705232
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Sep;82(3):523-30
references: 16155263
references: J Hypertens. 2006 Apr;24(4):671-81
references: 16531795
references: J Nutr. 2001 Oct;131(10):2782S-2786S
references: 11584106
references: J Am Coll Nutr. 2001 Oct;20(5 Suppl):428S-435S; discussion 440S-442S
references: 11603653
references: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2002 Jan;56(1):24-8
references: 11801616
references: Am J Med. 2002 Apr 1;112(5):343-7
references: 11904107
references: JAMA. 2002 Apr 24;287(16):2081-9
references: 11966382
references: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 May;56(5):393-401
references: 12001009
references: Diabetes Care. 2004 Feb;27(2):538-46
references: 14747241
references: J Nutr. 2004 Jul;134(7):1724-8
references: 15226460
references: Eur Heart J. 2004 Jul;25(13):1153-62
references: 15231374
references: Clin Chem. 1972 Jun;18(6):499-502
references: 4337382
references: Hum Nutr Clin Nutr. 1985;39 Suppl 1:5-41
references: 4044297
references: J Clin Epidemiol. 1988;41(2):105-14
references: 3335877
references: Diabetes Care. 1991 Nov;14(11):935-41
references: 1797505
references: Eur J Clin Nutr. 1991 Dec;45(12):569-81
references: 1810719
references: Eur J Clin Nutr. 1991 Dec;45(12):583-99
references: 1810720
references: J Am Diet Assoc. 1994 Jan;94(1):57-64
references: 8270756
references: J Am Coll Nutr. 2000 Apr;19(2 Suppl):147S-164S
references: 10759140