title: Polymyxin B induces lysis of marine pseudoalteromonads.
abstract: Polymyxin B (PMB) is a cationic antibiotic that interacts with the envelopes of gram-negative bacterial cells. The therapeutic use of PMB was abandoned for a long time due to its undesirable side effects; however, the spread of resistance to currently used antibiotics has forced the reevaluation of PMB for clinical use. Previous studies have used enteric bacteria to examine the mode of PMB action, resulting in a somewhat limited understanding of this process. This study examined the effects of PMB on marine pseudoalteromonads and demonstrates that the frequently accepted view that "what is true for Escherichia coli is true for all bacteria" does not hold true. We show here that in contrast to the growth inhibition observed for enteric bacteria, PMB induces lysis of pseudoalteromonads, which is not prevented by high concentrations of divalent cations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a high membrane voltage is required for the interaction of PMB with the cytoplasmic membranes of pseudoalteromonads, further elucidating the mechanisms by which PMB interacts with the cell envelopes of those gram-negative bacteria.
authors: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Mart
authors: M
authors: Krupovic
authors: Rimantas
authors: R
authors: Daugelavicius
authors: Dennis H
authors: DH
authors: Bamford
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001433:Bacteriolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002413:Cations, Divalent / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011112:Polymyxin B / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031161:Pseudoalteromonas / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D011112:Polymyxin B
references: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991 Jul;35(7):1309-14
references: 1656859
references: J Antimicrob Chemother. 1986 Nov;18(5):557-63
references: 3027012
references: Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1995 Oct;45(4):755-61
references: 7547295
references: Biochemistry. 1996 Jan 9;35(1):299-308
references: 8555188
references: Biochemistry. 1996 May 7;35(18):5684-95
references: 8639528
references: J Bacteriol. 1997 Aug;179(16):5203-10
references: 9260965
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Jun;64(6):2061-4
references: 9603814
references: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 May 29;246(3):619-23
references: 9618261
references: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999 Jun;43(6):1317-23
references: 10348745
references: Biochemistry. 1999 Jun 1;38(22):7235-42
references: 10353835
references: J Biol Chem. 1999 Jun 11;274(24):17353-7
references: 10358096
references: Ann Pharmacother. 1999 Sep;33(9):960-7
references: 10492501
references: Virology. 1999 Sep 30;262(2):364-74
references: 10502515
references: Lancet. 2006 Feb 25;367(9511):633-4
references: 16503447
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Aug;72(8):5414-20
references: 16885293
references: Crit Care. 2006 Feb;10(1):R27
references: 16507149
references: Med Clin North Am. 2006 Nov;90(6):1089-107
references: 17116438
references: J Phys Chem B. 2007 Jan 25;111(3):551-63
references: 17228913
references: Infection. 2007 Feb;35(1):3-10
references: 17297582
references: J Microbiol Methods. 2007 Apr;69(1):174-9
references: 17289190
references: Biophys J. 2007 Apr 15;92(8):2796-805
references: 17237210
references: Mol Microbiol. 2007 Jun;64(6):1635-48
references: 17555443
references: J Bacteriol. 1970 Feb;101(2):373-83
references: 4391801
references: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Nov;44(11):2969-78
references: 11036008
references: Biotechnol Bioeng. 2000-2001;71(3):208-16
references: 11291030
references: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Feb 1;290(4):1169-75
references: 11811985
references: Mol Microbiol. 2002 May;44(3):601-6
references: 11994144
references: Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2002 Nov;1(11):895-910
references: 12415249
references: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2003 Dec;67(4):593-656
references: 14665678
references: J Bacteriol. 1967 Apr;93(4):1463-4
references: 4291769
references: J Bacteriol. 1968 May;95(5):1887-91
references: 5650089
references: Virology. 1968 Apr;34(4):738-47
references: 5655723
references: Infect Immun. 1988 Mar;56(3):693-8
references: 3125111
references: Arch Mikrobiol. 1971;78(2):166-79
references: 4327868
references: J Bacteriol. 1972 Apr;110(1):402-29
references: 4552999
references: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1972 Nov;2(5):331-5
references: 4363788
references: J Bacteriol. 1975 Mar;121(3):800-6
references: 1116995
references: J Membr Biol. 1978 Feb 6;39(1):49-56
references: 204784
references: J Bacteriol. 1978 Jul;135(1):153-60
references: 97265
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1981 May 20;643(3):626-35
references: 6264957
references: Cell. 1981 Sep;25(3):753-63
references: 6793239
references: Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1982 Jan-Feb;12(1):1-10
references: 6279013
references: Nature. 1983 Jun 9-15;303(5917):526-8
references: 6406904
references: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983 Jul;24(1):107-13
references: 6414364
references: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983 Jul;24(1):114-22
references: 6194743
references: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1984 Jul;26(1):48-52
references: 6433788
references: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1986 Mar;29(3):496-500
references: 3013085
references: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1986 May;29(5):781-8
references: 3015004
references: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994 Feb;38(2):374-7
references: 8192470