title: Methylphenidate administration alters vesicular monoamine transporter-2 function in cytoplasmic and membrane-associated vesicles.
abstract: In vivo methylphenidate (MPD) administration increases vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2) immunoreactivity, VMAT-2-mediated dopamine (DA) transport, and DA content in a nonmembrane-associated (referred to herein as cytoplasmic) vesicular subcellular fraction purified from rat striatum: a phenomenon attributed to a redistribution of VMAT-2-associated vesicles within nerve terminals. In contrast, the present study elucidated the nature of, and the impact of MPD on, VMAT-2-associated vesicles that cofractionate with synaptosomal membranes after osmotic lysis (referred to herein as membrane-associated vesicles). Results revealed that, in striking contrast to the cytoplasmic vesicles, DA transport velocity versus substrate concentration curves in the membrane-associated vesicles were sigmoidal, suggesting positive cooperativity with respect to DA transport. Additionally, DA transport into membrane-associated vesicles was greater in total capacity in the presence of high DA concentrations than transport into cytoplasmic vesicles. Of potential therapeutic relevance, MPD increased DA transport into the membrane-associated vesicles despite rapidly decreasing (presumably by redistributing) VMAT-2 immunoreactivity in this fraction. Functional relevance was suggested by findings that MPD treatment increased both the DA content of the membrane-associated vesicle fraction and K(+)-stimulated DA release from striatal suspensions. In summary, the present data demonstrate the existence of a previously uncharacterized pool of membrane-associated VMAT-2-containing vesicles that displays novel transport kinetics, has a large sequestration capacity, and responds to in vivo pharmacological manipulation. These findings provide insight into both the regulation of vesicular DA sequestration and the mechanism of action of MPD, and they may have implications regarding treatment of disorders involving abnormal DA disposition, including Parkinson's disease and substance abuse.
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
authors: Trent J
authors: TJ
authors: Volz
authors: Sarah J
authors: SJ
authors: Farnsworth
authors: Jill L
authors: JL
authors: King
authors: Evan L
authors: EL
authors: Riddle
authors: Glen R
authors: GR
authors: Hanson
authors: Annette E
authors: AE
authors: Fleckenstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013572:Synaptic Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism*; D050493:Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; C493454:Slc18a2 protein, rat; D050493:Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins; D008774:Methylphenidate; D004298:Dopamine