The neuropsychology of amphetamine and opiate dependence: implications for treatment.
Chronic use of amphetamines and/or opiates has been associated with a wide range of cognitive deficits, involving domains of attention, inhibitory control, planning, decision-making, learning and memory. Although both amphetamine and opiate users show marked impairment in various aspects of cognitive function, the impairment profile is distinctly different according to the substance of abuse. In light of evidence showing that cognitive impairment in drug users has a negative impact on treatment engagement and efficacy, we review substance-specific deficits on executive and memory function, and discuss possibilities to address these during treatment intervention.
Ersche
Karen D
KD
School of Clinical Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Brain Mapping Unit, Box 255, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. ke220@cam.ac.uk
Sahakian
Barbara J
BJ
D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D009484:Neuropsychology; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
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