title: Pain and depression in caregivers affected their perception of pain in stroke patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Informal caregivers often serve as proxy raters of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) when patients cannot report on their own behalf. Caregiver depression has been associated with bias in proxy ratings, but few studies have examined the role of caregiver pain. The aim of this study was to determine if caregiver depressive symptoms and/or pain systematically affected patient-proxy agreement on patient HRQL after stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary data analysis of 95 stroke patients and their caregivers (dyads) at 6 months poststroke. Caregiver depressive symptoms were measured by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Rating Scale, and pain was measured using EQ-5D. Using multivariate regression, we examined the effect of caregiver depressive symptoms and pain on patient-proxy difference scores on Health Utilities Index 3 (HUI3) attributes and Short Form-36 domains of vitality and social functioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Caregiver depressive symptoms and pain were associated with significant differences in patient-proxy scores on HUI3 pain (P<0.05). Depressed caregivers underestimated pain experienced by patients, and caregivers with pain overestimated patient pain. Additionally, an interaction between caregiver depressive symptoms and pain was identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presence of pain and depressive symptoms in caregivers can significantly affect perceptions of pain in stroke patients. Results suggest that caregivers with pain and/or depression may provide more biased proxy assessments of pain.
authors: Department of Social and Administrative Sciences in Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin at Madison, College of Pharmacy, Madison, WI 53705-2222, USA. shung@wisc.edu
authors: Shih-Ying
authors: SY
authors: Hung
authors: A Simon
authors: AS
authors: Pickard
authors: Whitney P
authors: WP
authors: Witt
authors: Bruce L
authors: BL
authors: Lambert
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015982:Bias; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D017288:Pain Threshold; D019727:Proxy / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D020521:Stroke / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires