Dose-dependent hypocholesterolemic actions of dietary apple polyphenol in rats fed cholesterol.
The dose-dependent hypocholesterolemic and antiatherogenic effects of dietary apple polyphenol (AP) from unripe apple, which contains approximately 85% catechin oligomers (procyanidins), were examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats (4 wk of age) given a purified diet containing 0.5% cholesterol. Dietary AP at 0.5 and 1.0% levels significantly decreased the liver cholesterol level compared with that in the control (AP-free diet-fed) group. Dietary AP also significantly lowered the serum cholesterol level compared with that in the control group. However, the HDL cholesterol level was significantly higher in the 1.0% AP-fed group than in the control group. Accordingly, the ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol was significantly higher in the 0.5% AP-fed group and 1.0% AP-fed group than in the control group. Moreover, the atherogenic indices in the 0.5 and 1.0% AP-fed groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. The activity of hepatic cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase tended to be increased by dietary AP in a dose-dependent manner. In accord with this observation, dietary AP increased the excretion of acidic steroids in feces. Dietary AP also significantly promoted the fecal excretion of neutral steroids in a dose-dependent manner. These observations suggest that dietary AP at a 0.5 or 1.0% level exerts hypocholesterolemic and antiatherogenic effects through the promotion of cholesterol catabolism and inhibition of intestinal absorption of cholesterol.
Osada
Kyoichi
K
Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8224, Japan. kyochi@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp
Suzuki
Takashi
T
Kawakami
Yuki
Y
Senda
Mineo
M
Kasai
Atsushi
A
Sami
Manabu
M
Ohta
Yutaka
Y
Kanda
Tomomasa
T
Ikeda
Mitsuo
M
D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059808:Polyphenols; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013256:Steroids / Q000378:metabolism
D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D005419:Flavonoids; D008055:Lipids; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; D013256:Steroids; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase
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