title: Nature and causes of trends in male diabetes prevalence, undiagnosed diabetes, and the socioeconomic status health gradient.
abstract: This paper investigates levels in diabetes prevalence patterns across key socioeconomic status indicators and how they changed over time. The investigation spans both the conventional concept of diagnosed diabetes and a more comprehensive measure that includes those whose diabetes is undiagnosed. By doing so, I separate the distinct impact of covariates on trends over time in disease onset and the probability of disease diagnosis. The principal force leading to higher diabetes prevalence over time is excessive weight and obesity, which was only partially offset by improvements in the education of the population over time. Undiagnosed diabetes remains an important health problem, but much less so than 25 years ago. Although race and ethnic differentials in undiagnosed diabetes were eliminated over the last 25 years, the disparities became larger across other measures of disadvantage, such as education.
authors: Rand Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407, USA. smith@rand.org
authors: James P
authors: JP
authors: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D012923:Social Class
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Aug 6;99(16):10929-34
references: 12140364
references: J Clin Epidemiol. 2003 Feb;56(2):148-54
references: 12654409
references: Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Sep 15;160(6):531-9
references: 15353413
references: Diabetes Care. 2004 Dec;27(12):2806-12
references: 15562189
references: Arch Intern Med. 2006 Nov 27;166(21):2348-55
references: 17130388
references: JAMA. 2005 Apr 20;293(15):1861-7
references: 15840860
references: JAMA. 2005 Apr 20;293(15):1868-74
references: 15840861
references: Ann Intern Med. 2006 Apr 4;144(7):465-74
references: 16585660
references: JAMA. 2006 May 3;295(17):2037-45
references: 16670412
references: JAMA. 2004 Nov 24;292(20):2495-9
references: 15562129