title: Increased TNF-alpha production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with Krabbe's disease: effect of psychosine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammatory and/or immune activation occurs both in animal models (twitcher mice) and in the brain of patients with Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) or Krabbe's disease (KD). In this study we evaluated in vitro the cytokine profile of KD patients and the effect of psychosine, the toxic metabolite which plays a role in the demyelination process in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from four KD patients, diagnosed on the basis of clinical criteria. Cells were cultured and stimulated with appropriate agents and the supernatants collected before and after the addition of psychosine. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant factor (MCP)-1) production was evaluated (ELISA method) and compared with a group of 10 normal subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a significant increase of TNF-alpha release by PBMCs of KD patients compared with healthy subjects; TNF-alpha production was significantly increased after LPS addition. Psychosine was able to induce a further significant increase (P < 0.05) only in cells obtained from KD patients and not from control subjects. No changes were found in IL-8 and MCP-1 production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased TNF-alpha production permits us to confirm the presence of an inflammatory-immune stimulus in KD patients, which may be induced and potentiated by the pathogenetic metabolite psychosine.
authors: University of Siena, Italy. pasquian@unisi.it
authors: A L
authors: AL
authors: Pasqui
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Di Renzo
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Auteri
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Federico
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Puccetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007965:Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011609:Psychosine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D011609:Psychosine