title: Increased level of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in osteoarthritic subchondral bone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of several cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 in osteoarthritis (OA) and control sera and different joint tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum, synovial fluid, cartilage, synovial and subchondral bone tissues were examined in OA and control subjects. The protein level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-8, IL-10 and MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 were measured by immunoanalysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of TNF-alpha, MMP-3 and -9 were significantly higher in OA patients than in controls. Conversely, serum IL-10 was decreased in OA patients. CRP was elevated when compared to healthy controls and decreased significantly 6 months after the surgery. In contrast to control samples, OA cartilage and synovium revealed significantly higher MMP-2, -3, -9 and IL-10. IL-1alpha was significantly higher in OA cartilage and IL-8 in OA synovium. Interestingly, MMP-3, -9, TIMP-1 and all tested cytokines were up-regulated in OA subchondral bone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates pro-inflammatory condition of OA pathology and supports the idea that vascularized subchondral region may increase the synthesis of cytokines and MMPs leading to degradation of adjacent cartilage.
authors: Institute of Rheumatology, Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 50 Prague 2, Czech Republic. hule@revma.cz
authors: Hana
authors: H
authors: Hulejová
authors: Veronika
authors: V
authors: Baresová
authors: Zdenek
authors: Z
authors: Klézl
authors: Markéta
authors: M
authors: Polanská
authors: Milan
authors: M
authors: Adam
authors: Ladislav
authors: L
authors: Senolt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D050281:Bones of Lower Extremity / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000601:surgery; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases