title: Local administration of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor INO-1001 prevents NAD+ depletion and improves water maze performance after traumatic brain injury in mice.
abstract: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is an enzyme best known for its role in DNA repair and as a mediator of NAD+ depletion and energy failure-induced cell death. We tested the effect of the potent and selective ideno-isoquinolone PARP-1 inhibitor INO-1001 after controlled cortical impact (CCI) in mice. Anesthetized adult male mice were subjected to moderate CCI (velocity 6 m/sec, depth 1.2 mm) or sham-injury. Immediately after CCI or sham-injury mice received either INO-1001 (1.6 mg/kg) or vehicle via intracerebral injection (5 microl over 5 min) in a randomized fashion. At 2 h, contused brain tissue was dissected and NAD+ levels were measured. Separate mice underwent neuropathological outcome tests that included spatial memory acquisition (Morris water maze days 14-20), and assessment of contusion volume and hippocampal cell death at day 21. Local treatment with INO-1001 preserved brain NAD+ levels 2 h after CCI (vehicle = 67 +/- 7.6, INO-1001 = 95.8 +/- 4.4 % uninjured hemisphere; n = 6/group, p = 0.03). In the Morris water maze, treatment with INO-1001 reduced the latency to find the hidden platform and increased the time spent in the target quadrant versus vehicle after CCI (n = 11/group, p < or = 0.05). Histological damage did not differ between vehicle and INO-1001-treated mice after CCI. Treatment with INO-1001 prevented NAD+ depletion and improved outcome, although modestly, identifying PARP-mediated energy failure as a contributor to the pathological sequelae of TBI. Further study testing the effects of PARP inhibitors is warranted, specifically in models of brain injury where energy failure is seen.
authors: Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. clarkrs@ccm.upmc.edu
authors: Robert S B
authors: RS
authors: Clark
authors: Vincent A
authors: VA
authors: Vagni
authors: Paula D
authors: PD
authors: Nathaniel
authors: Larry W
authors: LW
authors: Jenkins
authors: C Edward
authors: CE
authors: Dixon
authors: Csaba
authors: C
authors: Szabó
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors
chemical_list: C491685:INO 1001; D007211:Indoles; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D009243:NAD