title: Primary vaccination and revaccination of young adults with BCG: a study using immunological markers.
abstract: Questions have been raised about the effectiveness of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination against tuberculosis (TB) in adults. We therefore analysed the immune response after BCG vaccination in primary-vaccinated and revaccinated young adults. 31 tuberculin skin test (TST) negative healthy students were BCG-vaccinated; 15 were primary-vaccinated and 16 revaccinated. Tuberculin-induced lymphocyte transformation (LT) and cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were studied before BCG vaccination, as well as after 2 months and 1 y. In the primary-vaccinated as well as the revaccinated group the LT response increased after 2 months and remained significantly higher than baseline values after 1 y. In both groups the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels increased significantly after 2 months and the increase was maintained after 1 y. LT increased more in the revaccinated group than in the primary-vaccinated group, while the increase in IFN-gamma response did not differ between the 2 groups. Both primary vaccination and revaccination of TST negative young adults caused a significant increase in the T-helper 1-type immune response, suggesting a protective effect against TB. The present in vitro results thus support the policy in several low-endemic countries of primary vaccination as well as revaccination of young adults at risk of TB exposure.
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute of Internal Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy of Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden. harald.fjallbrandt@lungall.gu.se
authors: Harald
authors: H
authors: Fjällbrant
authors: Malin
authors: M
authors: Ridell
authors: Lars Olof
authors: LO
authors: Larsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; D015415:Biomarkers; D007378:Interleukins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma