title: Systematic approach to pediatric ocular trauma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this article is to evaluate and review the scientific literature on pediatric ocular trauma from the past several years. Recent advancements have recognized mechanisms of injury that may be unique to children, require different treatment course than adults, and raise multiple public health concerns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Epidemiologic studies have shown that ocular trauma is a major cause of monocular blindness and potential disability in children worldwide. The mechanisms of injury are quite variable and often found under mundane circumstances. Orbital fractures in children are more likely to cause entrapment of orbital contents due to the structure of orbital bones at an early age and require earlier surgical repair. The management of traumatic hyphema responds well to outpatient care and topical aminocaproic acid. The management of traumatic cataracts has been enhanced with new iris-fixated lens implants. Endophthalmitis after ocular trauma carries a significantly worse prognosis, which may be reduced by early referral and intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review broadens our understanding of the mechanisms, treatment, and prognostic indicators in pediatric ocular trauma. This will allow improved clinical care of these injuries.
authors: Division of Ophthalmology, Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Jefferson Medical College, Wilmington, Delaware 19899, USA. jsalvin@nemours.org
authors: Jonathan H
authors: JH
authors: Salvin
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant