title: Association of visual hallucinations with reduction of MIBG cardiac uptake in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postganglionic cardiac sympathetic denervation is evident in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-MIBG) cardiac scintigraphy has proven to be a useful tool for diagnosis of PD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the factors associated with severity of cardiac sympathetic nerve dysfunction in PD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated 95 PD patients hospitalized in the Department of Neurology at Tottori University Hospital. (123)I-MIBG cardiac scintigraphy was performed on each patient and the early and delayed heart to mediastinum (H/M) ratios and washout rate (WR) of (123)I-MIBG cardiac scintigraphy were calculated. Independent predictive variables for parameters of (123)I-MIBG cardiac scintigraphy were analyzed by multivariate regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the presence of visual hallucinations (VH) and the patient's age at the time of evaluation independently predicted the early or delayed H/M ratio. Analysis of covariance, adjusted for the age of the patients as covariates, revealed that the early and delayed H/M ratios of PD patients with VH but no dementia, as well as PD patients with dementia were significantly lower than the ratios in PD patients with no VH or dementia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac sympathetic dysfunction may be associated with the presence of VH in PD patients.
authors: Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan. mickita@grape.med.tottori-u.ac.jp
authors: Michio
authors: M
authors: Kitayama
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Wada-Isoe
authors: Yoshito
authors: Y
authors: Irizawa
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Nakashima
mesh_terms: D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D020961:Lewy Body Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging / Q000379:methods; D017779:Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine