title: [Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of hepatocarcinoma in focal lesions detected in patients with liver disease].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the detection of arterial hypervascularity as a diagnostic criterion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with focal lesions and liver disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study included patients with chronic liver disease and focal liver lesions on ultrasound (US) examination. SonoVue was used as contrast agent. We employed a US imaging technique with contrast-specific software operating at a low mechanical index (< 0.14) (Hitachi EUB 6500). The contrast enhancement pattern was analyzed during the arterial phase and classified as diffuse (homogeneous or heterogeneous), peripheral, adjacent parenchyma-like enhancement, and absent. The diagnostic procedure was completed by combined study with computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, histologic data and clinical features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 23 nodules in 22 patients were included in the study (one patient had two different US lesions). The final diagnosis was hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 12 patients, benign lesions in nine, metastases in one and cholangiocarcinoma in one. In the 10 patients with diffuse contrast enhancement, the lesion was malignant and in the eight patients with diffuse homogeneous enhancement, the lesion was a HCC. Seventy-five percent of the patients with HCC had a diffuse enhancement pattern during the arterial phase. This pattern involved malignancy with 71.4% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 69.2% negative predictive value, and 82.6% accuracy. The diffuse homogeneous pattern involved HCC with 66.7% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 73.3% negative predictive value and 82.6% accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrast-enhanced US with SonoVue allows the vascularity of focal liver lesions to be assessed. In our study, 75% of patients with HCC showed arterial hypervascularity. A diffuse homogeneous enhancement pattern during the arterial phase was highly specific to HCC. In cirrhotic patients, this arterial pattern could avoid the need for further investigations, although clinical staging should be completed with another diagnostic test.
authors: Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, España. 925252585@telefonica.net
authors: Rafael Angel
authors: RA
authors: Gómez Rodríguez
authors: Tomás
authors: T
authors: Artaza Varasa
authors: Concepción
authors: C
authors: González de Frutos
authors: Juan José
authors: JJ
authors: Sánchez Ruano
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Repiso Ortega
authors: María José
authors: MJ
authors: Pérez-Grueso Macías
authors: Concepción
authors: C
authors: Muñoz Rosas
authors: José María
authors: JM
authors: Carrobles Jiménez
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003287:Contrast Media; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010743:Phospholipids; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D010743:Phospholipids; C420843:contrast agent BR1; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride