title: Efficacy of IL-2 immunotherapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma in relation to the psychic profile as evaluated using the Rorschach test.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the well-documented importance of the psycho-emotional status in modulating the anticancer immunity, at present no study has been performed to analyse the influence of the psychological condition on the efficacy of IL-2 cancer immunotherapy. Previous clinical studies have already suggested that the evidence of anxiety may negatively affect the therapeutic efficacy of IL-2 immunotherapy of cancer. Moreover, previous psycho-oncological investigations showed that the suppression of sexual pleasure and sexual identity would represent one of the most frequent psychological profiles in cancer patients. On this basis, a study was planned in an attempt to evaluate relations existing between psychological status, analysed using the Rorschach test and efficacy of IL-2 immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic renal cell cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 30 consecutive metastatic RCC patients. IL-2 was injected s.c. at a dose of 3 million IU twice/day 5 days/week for 4 consecutive weeks, corresponding to one complete immunotherapeutic cycle, followed by a second cycle after a 21-day rest period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A complete response (CR) was achieved in only 1/30 (3%) patients; a partial response (PR) was obtained in 6/30 (20%) patients. The tumor response rate (CR +PR) was 7/30 (23%) patients. The performance of a psychological analysis was accepted by 24/30 (80%) patients. A normal sexual identity was present in 7/24 (29%) patients. The tumor response rate achieved in patients with sexual identity was significantly higher compared to these who had no sexual identity or who refused the psychological investigation (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). In the same way, the increase in mean lymphocyte number obtained in patients with sexual identity was significantly higher compared to that found in the other two groups of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that the psychological status prior to treatment may be associated with the clinical response to IL-2 cancer immunotherapy.
authors: Division of Radiation Oncology, San Gerardo Hospital, 20052 Monza, Milan, Italy. giusy.messina@libero.it
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Messina
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Lissoni
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Bartolacelli
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Fumagalli
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Brivio
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Colombo
authors: G S
authors: GS
authors: Gardani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012392:Rorschach Test
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2