title: How effective are disease-modifying drugs in delaying progression in relapsing-onset MS?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to estimate the effectiveness of disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) in delaying multiple sclerosis (MS) disability progression in relapsing-onset (R-onset) definite MS patients under "real-world" conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment effect size, for DMDs as a class, was estimated in absolute terms and relative to MS natural history. A basic model estimated annual Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) change before and after treatment. An expanded model estimated annual EDSS change in pretreatment years, treatment years on first drug, treatment years after drugs were switched, and in years after treatment stopped. Models were populated with 1980 through 2004 clinical data, including 1988 through 2004 data for all Nova Scotians treated with DMDs. Estimates were made for relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), secondary progressive MS (SPMS), and R-onset groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estimated pretreatment annual EDSS increases were approximately 0.10 of one EDSS point for the RRMS group, 0.31 for the SPMS group, and 0.16 for the R-onset group. Estimates of EDSS increase avoided per treatment year on the first drug were significant for the RRMS group (-0.103, 0.000), the SPMS group (-0.065, 0.011), and the R-onset group (-0.162, 0.000); relative effect size estimates were 112%, 21%, and 105%. Estimated EDSS progression was faster in years after drug switches and treatment stops.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our estimates of disease-modifying drug (DMD) relative treatment effect size, in the context of "real-world" clinical practice, are similar to DMD treatment efficacy estimates in pivotal trials, though our findings attained statistical significance. DMDs, as a class, are effective in delaying Expanded Disability Status Scale progression in patients with relapsing-onset definite multiple sclerosis (MS) (90%), although effectiveness is much better for relapsing-remitting MS than for secondary progressive MS groups.
authors: Health Outcomes Research Unit, Capital Health District, Nova Scotia, Canada. murray.brown@dal.ca
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Brown
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kirby
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Skedgel
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Fisk
authors: T J
authors: TJ
authors: Murray
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Bhan
authors: I S
authors: IS
authors: Sketris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D019992:Databases as Topic; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009674:Nova Scotia / Q000453:epidemiology; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents