title: Resolution of severe ischemia-reperfusion injury post-lung transplantation after administration of endobronchial surfactant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a prominent cause of primary graft failure after lung transplantation and is associated with an altered surfactant profile. Experimental animal studies have found that replacement with exogenous surfactant administered via fiber-optic bronchoscopy (FOB) enhanced recovery from IRI with improved pulmonary compliance and gas exchange after lung transplantation. We report our clinical experience with FOB instillation of surfactant in severe IRI after human lung transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a retrospective review of 106 consecutive lung or heart-lung transplants performed at a single institution. Severe IRI was defined as diffuse roentgenographic alveolar infiltrates, worsening hypoxemia and decreased lung compliance within 72 hours of lung transplantation. One vial of surfactant (20 mg/ml phospholipid) was instilled into each segmental bronchus upon diagnosis of IRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients (5 bilateral sequential and 1 re-do heart-lung transplant), mean age 46 years, were diagnosed with IRI and surfactant was administered at a mean of 37 hours (range 2.3 to 98) post-transplant. Mean graft ischemia time was 376 minutes (range 187 to 625) and cardiopulmonary bypass time 174 minutes (range 0 to 210). Mean Pao(2) [mm Hg]/Fio(2) ratio before and 48 hours after surfactant instillation was 70 and 223, respectively. Significant resolution of radiologic infiltrates was evident in all cases within 24 hours. Successful extubation occurred at a mean of 13.5 days and survival is presently 100% at 19 months (range 3 to 54).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bronchoscopic instillation of surfactant improves oxygenation and prognosis after severe IRI in lung transplant recipients. It represents a cost-effective, relatively non-invasive therapeutic alternative to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
authors: Queensland Heart-Lung Transplant Unit, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. fiona_keerman@health.qld.gov.au
authors: F D
authors: FD
authors: Kermeen
authors: K D
authors: KD
authors: McNeil
authors: J F
authors: JF
authors: Fraser
authors: J
authors: J
authors: McCarthy
authors: M D
authors: MD
authors: Ziegenfuss
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Mullany
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Dunning
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: Hopkins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001688:Biological Products / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007322:Instillation, Drug; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply*; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055100:Optical Fibers; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; C072197:beractant