title: Changes in vigorous physical activity and incident diabetes in male runners.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the relationship between changes in reported vigorous exercise and self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes in 25,988 active men.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dose-response relationship between changes in reported vigorous exercise (running distance, change in kilometers per week) and self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes was followed prospectively for 7.8 +/- 1.8 years (means +/- SD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Logistic regression analyses showed that the log odds for diabetes declined significantly in relation to men's change in running distance (coefficient +/- SE: -0.012 +/- 0.004, P < 0.01), which remained significant when adjusted for BMI (-0.018 +/- 0.003, P < 0.0001). The decline in the log odds for diabetes was related to the distance run at the end of follow-up when adjusted for baseline distance, with (-0.024 +/- 0.005, P < 0.0001) or without (-0.027 +/- 0.005, P < 0.0001) adjustment for BMI. Baseline distance was unrelated to diabetes incidence when adjusted for the distance at the end of follow-up. Compared with men who ran < 8 km/week at the end of follow-up, incidence rates in those who ran > or = 8 km/week were 95% lower between 35 and 44 years of age (P < 0.0001), 92% lower between 45 and 54 (P < 0.0001), 87% lower between 55 and 64 (P < 0.0001), and 46% lower between 65 and 75 (P = 0.30). For the subset of 6,208 men who maintained the same running distance during follow-up (+/-5 km/week), the log odds for diabetes declined with weekly distance run (-0.024 +/- 0.010, P = 0.02) but not when adjusted for BMI (-0.005 +/- 0.010, P = 0.65).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vigorous exercise significantly reduces diabetes incidence, due in part to the prevention of age-related weight gain and in part to other exercise effects.
authors: Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ptwilliams@lbl.gov
authors: Paul T
authors: PT
authors: Williams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012420:Running; D015430:Weight Gain