Keeping an "ear" to the ground: seismic communication in elephants.
This review explores the mechanisms that elephants may use to send and receive seismic signals from a physical, anatomical, behavioral, and physiological perspective. The implications of the use of the vibration sense as a multimodal signal will be discussed in light of the elephant's overall fitness and survival.
O'Connell-Rodwell
Caitlin E
CE
Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ceoconnell@stanford.edu
D000819:Animal Communication; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D001844:Bone Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D004606:Elephants / Q000502:physiology*; D004777:Environment; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology*; D010465:Perception; D014732:Vibration