title: Endoscopic retrogade cholangiopancreatography is safe and effective method for diagnosis and treatment of biliary and pancreatic disorders in octogenarians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic and biliary diseases represents a special problem in old patients who often suffer from one or more concomitant diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ERCP in very old patients (octogenarians).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients 80 years or older who underwent ERCP from October 2001 to December 2005 were studied retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 209 patients (121 women, 88 men), with a mean age 86 +/- 4.4 years old (80-102) underwent 251 ERCPs. All but three patients tolerated the procedure well. Three procedures were not completed due to patients' discomfort (1.4%). Two of these patients underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and the other one was treated conservatively. A cholangiogram was obtained in 193 cases (92.3%), although in 7 patients an additional attempt was required. The main endoscopic findings were common bile duct stones in 51.8% (100/193) and cancer in 28% (54/193) of patients. Based on the diagnostic findings, a therapeutic intervention was indicated in 189 patients (90.4%) and was achieved in 181 of them (95.8%). Complications were observed in 9.6% of ERCPs (24/251). Post - ERCP mild pancreatitis was the more frequent complication in 11 procedures (4.4%). No severe pancreatitis was observed. Six procedures were complicated by cholangitis (2.4%) and two by cholecystitis (0.8%). Early surgical intervention was required in 2 cases because of oesophageal perforation and retroperitoneal perforation respectively. Two patients died (0.8%); one patient with pancreatic cancer died due to septic shock after inadequate biliary drainage and the other one died after operation for retroperitoneal perforation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, ERCP is safe and effective method for diagnosis and treatment of biliary and pancreatic disorders in octogenarians despite the high comorbidity in this group of patients.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece. kxthomo@hotmail.com
authors: K C
authors: KC
authors: Thomopoulos
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Vagenas
authors: S F
authors: SF
authors: Assimakopoulos
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Giannikoulis
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Arvaniti
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Pagoni
authors: V N
authors: VN
authors: Nikolopoulou
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome