Understanding chronic heart failure.
The key principles of chronic heart failure and the development of clinical management strategies are described. The physiological changes in chronic heart failure and the clinical management of children with heart failure are considered, but the treatment of heart failure related to congenital heart disease or the intensive care management of heart failure are not mentioned as both topics require consideration in their own right. A greater understanding of the maladaptive responses to chronic heart failure has enabled targeted therapy to be introduced with consequent improvement in symptoms, reduction in hospitalisation and lower mortality.
Fenton
Matthew
M
Department of Cardiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
Burch
Michael
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004077:Digoxin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000925:Anticoagulants; D004232:Diuretics; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D004077:Digoxin
Circulation. 2002 Oct 22;106(17):2194-9
12390947
N Engl J Med. 2006 Sep 21;355(12):1210-21
16990384
Am J Med. 1983 Sep;75(3):445-7
6351608
Pediatr Cardiol. 1990 Jan;11(1):22-8
2406705
Circulation. 1990 Sep;82(3):774-80
2144216
Pediatr Cardiol. 1993 Jan;14(1):9-12
8456034
J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994 Mar 1;23(3):570-8
8113536
Circulation. 1996 Dec 1;94(11):2807-16
8941106
J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1997 Mar;29(3):939-48
9152855
N Engl J Med. 1999 Sep 2;341(10):709-17
10471456
Circulation. 2005 Sep 20;112(12):e154-235
16160202
Heart. 2006 Jan;92(1):85-9
16365357
Eur Heart J. 2006 Jan;27(2):178-86
16339157
Pediatr Cardiol. 2006 May-Jun;27(3):336-42
16596434
Circulation. 2006 Sep 5;114(10):1063-9
16940194
Cardiovasc Res. 2003 Mar;57(3):749-56
12618236