title: Coagulation-related factors, thrombomodulin and protein Z, are not associated with risk for oral cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The link between thrombosis and cancer has been well established. Levels of protein Z and thrombomodulin indirectly regulate thrombin productionl and therefore may affect cancer susceptibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  The functional polymorphisms -13A/G and -33G/A in protein Z and thrombomodulin genes (respectively) influence transcription. The two polymorphisms were investigated in 160 oral cancer patients and 168 controls of equivalent age, gender and ethnicity using restriction fragment length polymorphism typing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of the -13G allele, which results in lower expression of protein Z gene, was not significantly elevated in patients compared to controls (8.1% and 6.3%, respectively; odds ratio 1.35, 95% confidence interval 0.72-2.56). No carriers of the thrombomodulin low expression -33A allele were identified, underscoring the rarity of this allele in Caucasians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inherited predisposition affecting protein Z or thrombomodulin levels does not modulate susceptibility to oral cancer. Any possible contribution of thrombin to oral oncogenesis may involve other factors.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Athens Medical School, Vas. Sofias 93 and Dim. Soutsou 1, Athens 11521, Greece. lvairakt@med.uoa.gr
authors: Eleftherios
authors: E
authors: Vairaktaris
authors: Zoe
authors: Z
authors: Serefoglou
authors: Christos
authors: C
authors: Yapijakis
authors: Emeka
authors: E
authors: Nkenke
authors: Stavros
authors: S
authors: Vassiliou
authors: Sofia
authors: S
authors: Spyridonidou
authors: Antonis
authors: A
authors: Vylliotis
authors: Alexander Michael
authors: AM
authors: Nixon
authors: Friedrich Wilhelm
authors: FW
authors: Neukam
authors: Efstratios
authors: E
authors: Patsouris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D018180:Thrombomodulin; C026080:plasma protein Z