Th2 Cytokines in Skin Draining Lymph Nodes and Serum IgE Do Not Predict Airway Hypersensitivity to Intranasal Isocyanate Exposure in Mice.
Isocyanate exposure in the workplace has been linked to asthma and allergic rhinitis. Recently, investigators have proposed that Th2 cytokine responses in lymph nodes draining the site of dermal application of chemicals including isocyanates may be used to identify sensitizers that cause asthma-like responses. The purpose of this study was to determine if the cytokine profile induced after dermal sensitization with isocyanates and serum IgE predict immediate (IHS) and methacholine-induced late (LHS) respiratory hypersensitivity responses after intranasal challenge. Dermal application of hexylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), or methylene diisocyanate (MDI) significantly increased interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13 secretion in parotid lymph node cells. Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) increased IL-4 and IL-13, but not IL-5. Tolyl(mono)isocyanate (TMI), tetramethylene xylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), or the contact sensitizer dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), only induced minor increases in some of the Th2 cytokines. HMDI, TDI, MDI, and IPDI elicited greater increases in total serum IgE than DNCB, TMI, and TMXDI. All chemicals except TMXDI caused IHS after intranasal challenge of sensitized female BALB/c mice. Only HMDI-, TMI-, or TMXDI-sensitized and challenged mice had increases in LHS. All chemicals elicited epithelial cytotoxicity indicative of nasal airway irritation. The discordance between dermal cytokine profiles and respiratory responses suggests that dermal responses do not necessarily predict respiratory responses. Serum IgE also was not predictive of the respiratory responses to the isocyanates, suggesting that other unknown mechanisms may be involved.
Farraj
Aimen K
AK
Experimental Toxicology Division, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
Boykin
Elizabeth
E
Haykal-Coates
Najwa
N
Gavett
Stephen H
SH
Doerfler
Donald
D
Selgrade
Maryjane
M
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000485:Allergens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D016085:Bronchoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000378:metabolism; D017953:Isocyanates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
D000485:Allergens; D015415:Biomarkers; D016085:Bronchoconstrictor Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018793:Interleukin-13; D015848:Interleukin-5; D017953:Isocyanates; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D007371:Interferon-gamma