Strabismus associated with thyroid eye disease.
OBJECTIVE
We discuss the evaluation and treatment of strabismus related to thyroid eye disease with special attention to the literature published in 2006.


RESULTS
The etiology of thyroid eye disease is complex, although a recent review article evaluated the causative relationship between smoking and thyroid eye disease. The treatment of thyroid eye disease is also complex and involves a multidisciplinary approach including endocrinology and ophthalmology. Several recent articles have evaluated the role of medications in the treatment of thyroid eye disease. We discuss the current surgical strategies for the treatment of strabismus related to thyroid eye disease, including the use of adjustable suture techniques. New techniques in nonadjustable surgery are also examined.


CONCLUSIONS
Strabismus related to thyroid eye disease presents many challenges to the ophthalmologist. Successful treatment of strabismus is rewarding however, and has a significant impact on improving a patient's quality of life.
Schotthoefer
Erin O
EO
Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Wallace
David K
DK
D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy