title: Phase II trial of thalidomide for therapy of radioiodine-unresponsive and rapidly progressive thyroid carcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are no known effective therapies for distantly metastatic, rapidly progressive thyroid carcinomas unresponsive to radioiodine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Since thyroid carcinomas are hypervascular and thalidomide is antiangiogenic, we assessed thalidomide's tumoristatic effects and toxicity in a phase II trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients with follicular, papillary, insular, or medullary thyroid carcinomas and distant, radioiodine-unresponsive metastases (volumes increasing >or= 30% per year before entry) were accrued between July 2001 and December 2002. Daily thalidomide started at 200 mg, increasing over 6 weeks to 800 mg or maximum tolerated dose. Toxicities and responses were assessed at 8-week intervals with tumor volume assessments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight of 36 patients were evaluable, 5 with partial responses (PR: 18%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 6-37%) and 9 patients with stable disease (SD: 32%; 95% CI: 12-42%) for overall 50% response (95% CI: 31-69%). Median PR duration was 4 months (range: 2-6 months), and SD duration was 6 months (range: 2-14 months). Median survival was 23.5 months for responders (PR + SD) and 11 months for nonresponders. Most frequent toxicity was fatigue (69% grade 1-2, 8% grade 3-4). Four patients had grade 3-4 infections (without neutropenia), one had pericardial effusion, and one had pulmonary embolus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thalidomide confers therapeutic benefit in subsets of thyroid cancer patients with rapidly progressive, distantly metastatic disease.
authors: Thyroid Cancer Research Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA. kbain1@uky.edu
authors: Kenneth B
authors: KB
authors: Ain
authors: Charles
authors: C
authors: Lee
authors: Kevin D
authors: KD
authors: Williams
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D013792:Thalidomide