title: Metabolic effects of oral versus transdermal estrogen in growth hormone-treated girls with turner syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transdermal (TD) estrogen is often preferred over the oral route in postmenopausal and GH-deficient women taking estrogen, but this has not been studied in detail in girls.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to study the metabolic effects of oral vs. TD estrogen in GH-treated girls with Turner syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven girls with Turner syndrome, mean age 13.4 +/- 0.5 (se) yr, on GH for at least 6 months were recruited. Studies included [(13)C]leucine and d5-glycerol infusions, indirect calorimetry, dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry, and hormone and substrate measurements. They received, in random order, 17beta-estradiol orally (0.5, 1, and 2 mg for 2 wk each) and TD (0.025, 0.0375, and 0.05 mg for 2 wk each), and studies were repeated after each 6-wk course with 4 wk washout in between.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of whole-body protein turnover, oxidation and synthesis, lipolysis, lipid and carbohydrate oxidation, and resting energy expenditure were unaffected by either form of estrogen; nor were lipids, insulin, and fibrinogen concentrations affected. Plasma IGF-I concentrations did not change clinically significantly with either form of estrogen, despite higher estrogen concentrations after oral estrogen. Estradiol concentrations did not correlate with any variables measured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In GH-treated girls with Turner syndrome, neither oral nor TD estrogen adversely affected rates of protein turnover, lipolysis, and lipid oxidation rates or plasma lipids, fibrinogen, or fasting insulin concentrations. There was no clinically significant change in IGF-I concentrations after either form of estrogen. In aggregate, these data suggest that the route of delivery of estrogen does not adversely affect these metabolic effects of GH in young girls with Turner syndrome.
authors: Nemours Children's Clinic, 807 Childrens Way, Jacksonville, Florida 32207, USA. nmauras@nemours.org
authors: Nelly
authors: N
authors: Mauras
authors: Dorothy
authors: D
authors: Shulman
authors: Helen Y
authors: HY
authors: Hsiang
authors: Prabhakaran
authors: P
authors: Balagopal
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Welch
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D004967:Estrogens; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D005340:Fibrinogen; D013006:Growth Hormone