High-calcium diet with whey protein attenuates body-weight gain in high-fat-fed C57Bl/6J mice.
An inverse relationship between Ca intake and BMI has been found in several studies. It has been suggested that Ca affects adipocyte metabolism via suppressing 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2-D3) and decreases fat absorption. We studied the effect of Ca and milk proteins (whey and casein) on body weight in C57Bl/6J mice. Male mice, age 9 weeks, were divided into three groups (ten mice per group) receiving modified high-fat (60% of energy) diets. Two groups received a high-Ca diet (1.8% calcium carbonate (CaCO3)), with casein or whey protein (18% of energy), and one group received a low-Ca diet (0.4% CaCO3) with casein for 21 weeks. Food intake was measured daily and body weight twice per week. Body fat content (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) of all mice and faecal Ca and fat excretion of seven mice/group were measured twice during the study. Final body weight (44.1 (SEM 1.1) g) and body fat content (41.6 (SEM 0.6) %) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the high-Ca whey group than in the low-Ca casein group (48.1 (SEM 0.8) g and 44.9 (SEM 0.8) %). Body weight and body fat content of the high-Ca casein group did not differ significantly from the low-Ca casein group even though serum 1,25(OH)2-D3 levels were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in both high-Ca groups than in the low-Ca casein group. Thus changes in serum 1,25(OH)2-D3 do not seem to affect body weight in this animal model. There was a significant difference in fat excretion between the high-Ca whey and low-Ca casein groups (3.9 (SEM 0.9) % in the high-Ca whey v. 1.4 (SEM 0.2) % in the low-Ca casein group; P < 0.05), which may partly explain the effect on body weight.
Pilvi
Taru K
TK
Foundation for Nutrition Research, PO Box 30, FIN-00390 Helsinki, Finland.
Korpela
Riitta
R
Huttunen
Minna
M
Vapaatalo
Heikki
H
Mervaala
Eero M
EM
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000067816:Whey Proteins
D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D004041:Dietary Fats; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D002118:Calcium