title: 'We don't see Black women here': an exploration of the absence of Black Caribbean women from clinical and epidemiological data on perinatal depression in the UK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to explore the factors that might account for low levels of consultation for perinatal depression among Black Caribbean women and their absence from perinatal research in the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  qualitative study using in-depth interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  antenatal clinics in a large teaching hospital and community health centres in the northwest of England.
  
  
  METHODS
  a purposive sample of 12 Black Caribbean women was selected from a larger mixed-method study involving both Black Caribbean (n=101) and White British (n=200) women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  thematic analysis of women's narratives suggested that, despite attendance at antenatal classes, Black Caribbean women experienced difficulty conceptualising perinatal depression and expressed reservations about the nature and treatability of the condition. Personal and social imperatives to minimise distress, reluctance to discuss problems, and stoicism in the face of adversity were barriers to help-seeking. Black Caribbean women were willing to counter personal barriers and fears of engaging with mental health services to seek help. When they did so, however, health professionals appeared to be unable/unwilling to diagnose perinatal depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the absence of Black Caribbean women with perinatal depression from clinical practice and research may be because social, structural and personal barriers prevent these women from accessing the care and support they need.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  in order to address the needs of child bearing women in a multi-cultural context, service providers need to ensure that culturally sensitive practice is a reality and not rhetoric. Education and training (both that given to women via antenatal classes and to health professionals) may need to be reviewed in order to improve cultural sensitivity and efficacy.
authors: School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, Coupland III, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
authors: Dawn
authors: D
authors: Edge
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People / Q000523:psychology*; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000208:ethnology; D003144:Communication Barriers; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D003863:Depression / Q000208:ethnology*; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000208:ethnology*; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods; D012919:Social Behavior; D012945:Social Values; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology