A modified prescription-event monitoring study to assess the introduction of Seretide Evohaler in England: an example of studying risk monitoring in pharmacovigilance.
BACKGROUND
Monitoring was required for the introduction of non-chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) propellants in metered dose inhalers (MDIs) to ensure that there were no unexpected adverse events due to the new products. A postmarketing surveillance study has been conducted to evaluate the introduction of the MDI Seretide Evohaler (hydrofluoroalkane-134a inhaler containing salmeterol and fluticasone propionate).


OBJECTIVE
To summarise the modified prescription-event monitoring (PEM) study conducted to evaluate the introduction of Seretide Evohaler and discuss the relevance of this type of study towards pharmacovigilance risk-management planning.


METHODS
Modified PEM methodology was used to examine the introduction of Seretide Evohaler into general practice in England. Patients were identified from the first National Health Service prescriptions dispensed in England for Seretide Evohaler. One postal questionnaire was sent to the prescribing doctor, requesting demographic information, severity of the indication, concomitant medication for this condition, smoking history, event data 3 months prior to and 3 months after the first prescription for Seretide Evohaler and also reason for stopping if it had been stopped. Pregnancies, deaths and selected events were followed up. Incidence density ratios were calculated to compare event rates 3 months prior to and 3 months after the introduction of Seretide Evohaler. A matched cohort analysis examined oral corticosteroid use and hospital admissions between the pre- and post-exposure periods.


RESULTS
The cohort comprised 13,464 patients prescribed Seretide Evohaler, with a response rate of 62%. There was no significant difference in the length of courses of oral corticosteroid use when the pre- and post-exposure periods were compared. A matched cohort analysis showed there was no increase in the use of oral corticosteroids (relative risk [RR] 0.95; 95% CI 0.90, 0.99) or hospital admissions in the post-exposure period (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.73, 1.04). When the number of patients with events were compared for the periods 3 months before and 3 months after exposure, fewer events were reported in the post-exposure period. There were 64 patients who experienced adverse events within an hour of using Seretide Evohaler, including one report of paradoxical bronchospasm and one of myocardial infarction with fatal outcome that were both assessed as possibly related to treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of the study suggest that the introduction of Seretide Evohaler was generally well tolerated. The modified methodology has allowed a comparison of the event rates before and after the introduction of this CFC-free inhaler into general practice.
Perrio
Michael J
MJ
Drug Safety Research Unit, Southampton, UK. michael.perrio@dsru.org
Wilton
Lynda V
LV
Shakir
Saad A W
SA
D000328:Adult; D000335:Aerosol Propellants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000368:Aged; D000420:Albuterol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D000068297:Fluticasone-Salmeterol Drug Combination; D006801:Humans; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D036501:Metered Dose Inhalers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy; D005466:Fluorocarbons
D000335:Aerosol Propellants; D000420:Albuterol; D000730:Androstadienes; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000068297:Fluticasone-Salmeterol Drug Combination; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; C094049:apaflurane; D005466:Fluorocarbons
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