title: Glutathione S-transferases pi 1, alpha 1 and M3 genetic polymorphisms and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glutathione S-transferases pi1, alpha1 and micro3 are members of an enzymatic superfamily involved in the conjugation and detoxification of carcinogens. Polymorphisms affecting the genes encoding these enzymes may modify their ability to neutralize carcinogens. Our aim was to investigate whether these polymorphisms affect the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 184 white Spanish patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma and 248 healthy control subjects from the same ethnic origin were included. GSTA1*B promoter allele, GSTM3*B 3-bp-deleted allele and GSTP1 Ile105Val SNP were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were found between the distribution of the studied polymorphisms, or in the allele frequencies for variant alleles in patients and controls: 0.411 and 0.371 for GSTA1, 0.116 and 0.131 for GSTM3, and 0.285 and 0.309 for GSTP1, respectively. Among patients the GSTP1 mutated allele was more frequent in those drinking more than 50 g ethanol/day (odds ratio: 2.00; 95% confidence intervals: 1.06-3.78). Age at diagnosis, gender, tobacco use and hepatitis B and C viral status did not influence these results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the studied polymorphisms affecting GSTP1, GSTA1 and GSTM3 genes are probably not related to the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in the studied population.
authors: 1Universidad Complutense, Service of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, C/Martín Lagos s/n, 28040. Madrid. Spain. jladero.hcsc@salud.madrid.org
authors: José M
authors: JM
authors: Ladero
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Martínez
authors: Juana M
authors: JM
authors: Fernández
authors: Felipe
authors: F
authors: Martín
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: García-Martín
authors: Paloma
authors: P
authors: Ropero
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Villegas
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Díaz-Rubio
authors: José A G
authors: JA
authors: Agúndez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; C483009:GSTM3 protein, human; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C119995:glutathione S-transferase alpha