title: The effect of dilution and prolonged injection time on fentanyl-induced coughing.
abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of diluting fentanyl 50 microg x ml(-1) to 25 or 10 microg x ml(-1) with 0.9% saline and prolonged injection time on fentanyl-induced cough. Two hundred patients requiring general anaesthesia were randomly allocated into four groups: 50 microg x ml(-1) (Group I), 25 microg x ml(-1) (Group II), 10 microg x ml(-1) (Group III) or 10 microg x ml(-1) combined with prolonged injection (Group IV). Fentanyl 3 microg x kg(-1) was administered within 5 s in Groups I, II, and III, or over 30 s in Group IV. Occurrence of cough was significantly reduced in Group IV (2% vs 32%, 16% and 12% in Groups I, II and III, respectively, p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the severity of coughing between the four groups (p > 0.05). We conclude that dilution of fentanyl to 10 microg x ml(-1) with 0.9% saline combined with a prolonged injection time eliminates fentanyl-induced cough.
authors: Department of Anaesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Yu
authors: X-Y
authors: XY
authors: Yang
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: Q
authors: Q
authors: Li
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Zhu
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003371:Cough / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012965:Sodium Chloride
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D005283:Fentanyl