title: The association of DNA repair gene polymorphisms with the development and progression of renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  DNA repair enzymes repair some of the DNA damage associated with risk factors for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), including smoking. DNA repair gene polymorphisms modulate the repair capacity and might influence individual risk and progression of RCC. We examined associations between functional polymorphisms and risk, clinicopathologic characteristics and survival of RCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study groups comprised 215 RCC patients and 215 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Polymorphisms in xeroderma pigmentosum complementation groups C, D and G and X-ray repair cross-complementing groups 1 and 3 genes were genotyped.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in DNA repair genotype were observed between RCC cases and controls. In all patients, however, greater numbers (> or =3) of total variant alleles in all DNA repair genes studied were associated with less frequent venous extension (P = 0.0079). In smokers, some genotypes were associated with characteristics of RCC (Ps < or = 0.0067) and smokers with greater numbers of total variant alleles had improved overall survival (P = 0.040).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that DNA repair gene polymorphisms may not influence RCC susceptibility, but that some of them may influence RCC progression, especially in smokers, possibly due to altered DNA repair capacity by these polymorphisms.
authors: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sakano
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Hinoda
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Okayama
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Kawai
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Korenaga
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Eguchi
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Nagao
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Ohmi
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Naito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis