title: Detection of anti-D in D- recipients transfused with D+ red blood cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The D antigen is highly immunogenic, requiring only a small quantity of transfused red blood cells (RBCs) to cause alloimmunization in D- immunocompetent recipients. The relatively low sensitization rate in oncology patients transfused with D+ platelets is well documented. A study of the alloimmunization rate of primarily nononcology D- recipients transfused with D+ RBCs was undertaken.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transfusion service records were examined to identify D- recipients who were not alloimmunized to the D antigen and who had a follow-up antibody screen performed at least 10 days after the initial D+ RBC transfusion(s). The age and sex of the recipients, date and number of D+ RBC transfusion(s) and their leukoreduction status, all subsequent serologic investigations, and the hospital ward where the units were issued were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 98 study-eligible recipients identified who received a total of 445 D+ RBC units. The mean follow-up length was 182 days. Most recipients (87%) had antibody screens performed more than 21 days after the initial D+ RBC transfusion. In total, 24 recipients made 44 new alloantibodies: 22 anti-D (22%), 11 anti-E, 5 anti-C, 2 anti-K, and 1 each of anti-Kp(a), anti-Jk(a), anti-Bg, and anti-Fy(b). The rate of anti-D alloimmunization among recipients of entirely leukoreduced D+ units was 13 percent (1/8). Reexposure to D+ RBCs after the initial bleeding episode did not increase the rate of alloimmunization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 22 percent rate of anti-D alloimmunization in patients requiring urgent RBC transfusion was intermediate between the rates previously reported for D- oncology patients transfused with D+ RBCs and that in immunocompetent volunteer recipients.
authors: The Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. myazer@itxm.org
authors: Mark H
authors: MH
authors: Yazer
authors: Darrell J
authors: DJ
authors: Triulzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000276:immunology*; D018029:Rho(D) Immune Globulin; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007518:Isoantibodies; C061961:RHO(D) antibody; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; D018029:Rho(D) Immune Globulin; C026410:Rho(D) antigen