title: Perioperative local anaesthetic in young paediatric patients undergoing extractions under outpatient 'short-case' general anaesthesia. A double-blind randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if postoperative pain/discomfort and anxiety experienced by young children who had extractions under general anaesthesia (GA) were affected by perioperative injection techniques of local anaesthetic (LA).
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-centre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conducted in 2002/2003 at the Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, Eastman Dental Hospital, London.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children, aged 2-6 years scheduled for extractions under GA, were randomly assigned to receive either no LA (NLA), infiltration injection (IFL) or intraligamental injection (ITR) perioperatively. All children received analgesic suppositories after induction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anxiety was scored using the Venham Picture Scale. Postoperative pain was scored using the Simplified Toddler-Preschooler Postoperative Pain Scale and supplemented with the Modified Pain/Discomfort Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen children received NLA, 17 received IFL and 19 received ITR. Postoperative pain/discomfort and anxiety scores were not significantly different during the period of recovery. On the first night, the intraligamental group had significantly lower pain scores (p = 0.012).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postoperative pain/discomfort and anxiety during the period of recovery experienced by young children who had extractions under GA appear not to be affected by perioperative injection techniques of LA. Upon discharge, intraligamental injection appears beneficial, as it is probably well tolerated by causing less soft tissue numbness initially and thus, reduces perceived pain/discomfort.
authors: MClinDent (Paediatric Dentistry) Graduate, Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, University College London, University of London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8LD. kjleong18@hotmail.com
authors: K J
authors: KJ
authors: Leong
authors: G J
authors: GJ
authors: Roberts
authors: P F
authors: PF
authors: Ashley
mesh_terms: D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control; D019140:Dental Care for Children / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014081:Tooth Extraction
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000779:Anesthetics, Local