title: An observational study of the effectiveness and safety of intramuscular olanzapine in the treatment of acute agitation in patients with bipolar mania or schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of intramuscular (IM) olanzapine in severely agitated patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an open-label multicenter 1-week observational study of IM olanzapine treatment in severely agitated inpatients and psychiatric emergency services with bipolar mania (n = 22) or schizophrenia (n = 52). Mean change from baseline to 2 h post-first injection (LOCF) in agitation was assessed by PANSS-Excited Component (PANSS-EC) (score range: 5-35 points) mean change from baseline to 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min post-first injection, and visit-wise mean changes from mixed-model repeated measures analysis of variance. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analyses estimated time to categorical response (rating of <or=3 points each PANSS-EC item).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hours post-injection of olanzapine (mean dose = 9.9 mg), patients exhibited mild calmness and agitation was significantly reduced by 19.2 +/- 1.0 points (p < 0.001) (mean baseline = 29.0). Over 90% of the patients received only one injection in the first 24 h and 50% had a categorical response within 30 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severely agitated patients responded rapidly after a single injection of olanzapine with mild levels of sedation and without serious treatment-emergent adverse events.
authors: McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Franca
authors: F
authors: Centorrino
authors: Adam L
authors: AL
authors: Meyers
authors: Jonna
authors: J
authors: Ahl
authors: Stephanie L
authors: SL
authors: Cincotta
authors: Leslie
authors: L
authors: Zun
authors: Angela H
authors: AH
authors: Gulliver
authors: Bruce J
authors: BJ
authors: Kinon
authors: John P
authors: JP
authors: Houston
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077152:Olanzapine; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000077152:Olanzapine