title: Quantitative genomics of locomotor behavior in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Locomotion is an integral component of most animal behaviors, and many human health problems are associated with locomotor deficits. Locomotor behavior is a complex trait, with population variation attributable to many interacting loci with small effects that are sensitive to environmental conditions. However, the genetic basis of this complex behavior is largely uncharacterized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We quantified locomotor behavior of Drosophila melanogaster in a large population of inbred lines derived from a single natural population, and derived replicated selection lines with different levels of locomotion. Estimates of broad-sense and narrow-sense heritabilities were 0.52 and 0.16, respectively, indicating substantial non-additive genetic variance for locomotor behavior. We used whole genome expression analysis to identify 1,790 probe sets with different expression levels between the selection lines when pooled across replicates, at a false discovery rate of 0.001. The transcriptional responses to selection for locomotor, aggressive and mating behavior from the same base population were highly overlapping, but the magnitude of the expression differences between selection lines for increased and decreased levels of behavior was uncorrelated. We assessed the locomotor behavior of ten mutations in candidate genes with altered transcript abundance between selection lines, and identified seven novel genes affecting this trait.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression profiling of genetically divergent lines is an effective strategy for identifying genes affecting complex behaviors, and reveals that a large number of pleiotropic genes exhibit correlated transcriptional responses to multiple behaviors.
authors: Department of Genetics and WM Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7614, USA. kwjordan@unity.ncsu.edu
authors: Katherine W
authors: KW
authors: Jordan
authors: Mary Anna
authors: MA
authors: Carbone
authors: Akihiko
authors: A
authors: Yamamoto
authors: Theodore J
authors: TJ
authors: Morgan
authors: Trudy F C
authors: TF
authors: Mackay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D017344:Genes, Insect / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D049750:Genome, Insect / Q000235:genetics*; D023281:Genomics; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
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