title: Lack of association between the Serotonin Transporter Promoter Polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and Panic Disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is to assess the association between the Serotonin Transporter Promoter Polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and Panic Disorder (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies with unrelated individuals of any ethnic origin examining the role of the 5-HTTLPR in PD according to standard diagnostic criteria (DSM or ICD). Articles published in any language between January 1996 and April 2007 were eligible. The electronic databases searched included PubMed, PsychInfo, Lilacs and ISI. Two separate analyses were performed: an analysis by alleles and a stratified analysis separating studies by the quality of control groups. Asymptotic DerSimonian and Laird's Q test were used to assess heterogeneity. Results of individual studies were combined using the fixed effect model with respective 95% confidence intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen potential articles were identified, and 10 studies were included in this meta-analysis. No statistically significant association between 5-HTTLPR and PD was found, OR = 0.91 (CI95% 0.80 to 1.03, p = 0.14). Three sub-analyses divided by ethnicity, control group quality and Agoraphobia comorbidity also failed to find any significant association. No evidence of heterogeneity was found between studies in the analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results from this systematic review do not provide evidence to support an association between 5-HTTLPR and PD. However, more studies are needed in different ethnic populations in order to evaluate a possible minor effect.
authors: Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul and Anxiety Disorders Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil. gmanfro@portoweb.com.br.
authors: Carolina
authors: C
authors: Blaya
authors: Giovanni A
authors: GA
authors: Salum
authors: Maurício S
authors: MS
authors: Lima
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Leistner-Segal
authors: Gisele G
authors: GG
authors: Manfro
references: Hum Mol Genet. 1999 Apr;8(4):621-4
references: 10072430
references: Ann Acad Med Stetin. 2004;50(2):65-75
references: 16529167
references: Mol Psychiatry. 1997 Sep;2(5):390-2
references: 9322231
references: Stat Med. 1998 Apr 30;17(8):841-56
references: 9595615
references: Eur J Epidemiol. 2005;20(9):739-45
references: 16170656
references: Am J Hum Genet. 2006 May;78(5):815-26
references: 16642437
references: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2004 Aug 15;129B(1):41-3
references: 15274038
references: Trends Mol Med. 2003 Apr;9(4):135-8
references: 12727138
references: Am J Hum Genet. 2005 Jun;76(6):967-86
references: 15834813
references: Psychiatr Genet. 2005 Sep;15(3):159
references: 16094247
references: Trends Genet. 2004 Sep;20(9):439-44
references: 15313553
references: Psychiatry Res. 2004 Aug 30;128(1):21-6
references: 15450911
references: Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005 Jun;8(2):261-6
references: 15670397
references: Genet Med. 2002 Mar-Apr;4(2):45-61
references: 11882781
references: J Neurochem. 1996 Jun;66(6):2621-4
references: 8632190
references: Psychiatr Genet. 1999 Mar;9(1):1-6
references: 10335545
references: Am J Psychiatry. 2002 Jan;159(1):23-9
references: 11772685
references: Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1997 Oct;51(5):333-5
references: 9413883
references: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2005 Feb 5;133B(1):110-5
references: 15578606
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1983 Oct;40(10):1065-9
references: 6625855
references: Am J Psychiatry. 2001 Oct;158(10):1568-78
references: 11578982
references: JAMA. 2000 Apr 19;283(15):2008-12
references: 10789670
references: Eur J Hum Genet. 2005 Jul;13(7):840-8
references: 15827565
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001 Nov;58(11):1015-24
references: 11695947
references: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2004 May 15;127B(1):85-9
references: 15108187
references: Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2005 Jul-Aug;33(4):210-5
references: 15999296
references: Psychiatr Genet. 2005 Mar;15(1):17-24
references: 15722953
references: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005 Dec;30(12):2230-5
references: 16034444
references: J Neural Transm Gen Sect. 1994;95(2):157-62
references: 7865169
references: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2005 Feb 5;133B(1):79-84
references: 15635638
references: J Anxiety Disord. 2006;20(6):794-806
references: 16303282
references: Psychiatry Res. 1998 Nov 16;81(2):277-9
references: 9858044
references: Psychiatr Genet. 1997 Spring;7(1):45-7
references: 9264139
references: Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005 Aug;15(4):435-43
references: 15925492
references: Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Dec 15;54(12):1376-81
references: 14675801
references: World J Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Jul;5(3):149-54
references: 15346539
references: J Clin Psychiatry. 2002 Jan;63(1):31-7
references: 11838623
references: Psychiatry Res. 2003 May 1;118(1):25-31
references: 12759158
references: World J Biol Psychiatry. 2000 Jul;1(3):147-50
references: 12607224
references: Am J Hum Genet. 2000 Jun;66(6):1933-44
references: 10801388
references: Biometrics. 1997 Dec;53(4):1253-61
references: 9423247
references: Hum Hered. 2004;58(3-4):145-53
references: 15812171
references: Ann Hum Genet. 1969 Jul;33(1):23-9
references: 5821316
references: Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Jul 15;150(2):206-15
references: 10412966
references: Mol Psychiatry. 2003 Nov;8(11):933-6
references: 14593431
references: Theor Popul Biol. 2001 Nov;60(3):155-66
references: 11855950
references: Science. 1996 Nov 29;274(5292):1527-31
references: 8929413
references: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Dec 30;30(8):1413-8
references: 16822601
references: Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Aug;64(2):440-6
references: 12869649
references: Psychol Med. 1993 May;23(2):397-406
references: 8332656