title: [Predictors of nodal metastasising in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas as decision support for neck dissection: comprehensive analysis of literature].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A subset of advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) does not metastasize in regional lymph nodes (pN0). However, more than 30 % of tumors without signs of metastasizing in the clinical examination (cN0) show occult metastases. The guidelines of the German ENT-Society intend the extent of neck dissection (ND) depending on clinical stage of tumor and lymph nodes. If laryngeal surgery is followed by an adjuvant radiation/chemotherapy, ND is not always necessary. Histomorphological, immunohistochemical, or molecular parameters with predictive value for nodal metastasizing could support the planning for ND, especially in patients with cN0.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within the last 20 years there were many publications concerning this problem. Herein, we analyzed the results of 455 publications. We have chosen studies regarding the predictive value of tumor stage, grading, peritumorous inflammation, invasion of lymphatic vessels, angioneogenesis, proliferation, overexpression of p53 or cyclin D1, inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases, growth factors, apoptosis, cell-adhesion, nm23, metalloproteinases, DNA/ploidy as well as tumor genetics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All examined parameters did not allow a fail-safe prediction of the risk for nodal metastasizing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Up to now, reliable predictors do not exist. The investigation of above mentioned parameters in pre-operative tumor biopsies is not helpful for the planning of ND in the stage cN0 (out of T1).
authors: Pathologisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, Würzburg. ullrich.voelker@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors: H-U
authors: HU
authors: Völker
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Scheich
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Völter
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Schmidt
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Baier
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001706:Biopsy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D037981:Neck Dissection; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor