title: Histatin 5 initiates osmotic stress response in Candida albicans via activation of the Hog1 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
abstract: Histatin 5 (Hst 5) is a salivary cationic peptide that has toxicity for Candida albicans by inducing rapid cellular ion imbalance and cell volume loss. Microarray analyses of peptide-treated cells were used to evaluate global gene responses elicited by Hst 5. The major transcriptional response of C. albicans to Hst 5 was expression of genes involved in adaptation to osmotic stress, including production of glycerol (RHR2, SKO1, and PDC11) and the general stress response (CTA1 and HSP70). The oxidative-stress genes AHP1, TRX1, and GPX1 were mildly induced by Hst 5. Cell defense against Hst 5 was dependent on the Hog1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, since C. albicans hog1/hog1 mutants were significantly hypersensitive to Hst 5 but not to Mkc1 MAPK or Cek1 MAPK mutants. Activation of the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway was demonstrated by phosphorylation of Hog1 MAPK as well as by glycerol production following Hst 5 treatment in a dose-dependent manner. C. albicans cells prestressed with sorbitol were less sensitive to subsequent Hst 5 treatment; however, cells treated concurrently with osmotic stress and Hst 5 were hypersensitive to Hst 5. In contrast, cells subjected to oxidative stress had no difference in sensitivity to Hst 5. These results suggest a common underlying cellular response to osmotic stress and Hst 5. The HOG stress response pathway likely represents a significant and effective challenge to physiological levels of Hst 5 and other toxic peptides in fungal cells.
authors: Department of Oral Biology, SUNY at Buffalo Main Street Campus, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
authors: Slavena
authors: S
authors: Vylkova
authors: Woong Sik
authors: WS
authors: Jang
authors: Wansheng
authors: W
authors: Li
authors: Namrata
authors: N
authors: Nayyar
authors: Mira
authors: M
authors: Edgerton
mesh_terms: D002176:Candida albicans / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D054808:Histatins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009997:Osmotic Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; C068075:HTN3 protein, human; D054808:Histatins; D013012:Sorbitol; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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