title: Monthly variation in prevalence rates of comorbid depression and anxiety in the general population at 63-65 degrees North: the HUNT study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate monthly variation in depression, anxiety and their comorbidity (COM) in an epidemiologic study and their association to monthly variation in suicide rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  60,995 participants of the Health Study of Nord-Trøndelag County in 1995-97 rated themselves on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in all months except July. All 10,670 male and 3833 female suicides in Norway from 1969 through 1996 were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of comorbid anxiety and depression was highest in spring (April, May) and in October (p<0.01). There was a correlation between the monthly variation in the national suicide rate and monthly variation in comorbid anxiety and depression (r=0.72, df=11, p=0.01) and for male alone (r=0.67, df=11, p=0.03). There was also a significant monthly variation in the prevalence of depression (p<0.001) and no monthly variation in the prevalence of anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limited information about the third of the population who did not take part in the HUNT-2 Study. HADS based depression and anxiety cover psychological symptoms, not somatic and social ones. In relation to DSM-IV and ICD-10 defined anxiety disorders and depressions, the sensitivity and specificity of HADS caseness, give a considerable number of false-positive cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased prevalence of comorbid depression and anxiety in males during spring, and its association with suicidality should have clinical importance, as identification and treatment could influence suicide rates.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Helse Nord-Trondelag HF, Hospital Namsos, Namsos, Norway. eystein.stordal@hnt.no
authors: Eystein
authors: E
authors: Stordal
authors: Gunnar
authors: G
authors: Morken
authors: Arnstein
authors: A
authors: Mykletun
authors: Dag
authors: D
authors: Neckelmann
authors: Alv A
authors: AA
authors: Dahl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012621:Seasons; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012737:Sex Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data