title: Antiretroviral therapy exposure and incidence of diabetes mellitus in the Women's Interagency HIV Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in a nationally representative cohort of HIV-infected women and a comparison group of HIV-uninfected women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study between October 2000 and March 2006 of 2088 participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study who did not have evidence of DM at enrollment (1524 HIV infected and 564 HIV uninfected).
  
  
  METHODS
  Incident DM was defined as either having fasting glucose > or = 1.26 g/l, reporting antidiabetic medication, or reporting DM diagnosis (with subsequent confirmation by fasting glucose > or = 1.26 g/l or reported antidiabetic medication); all were assessed at semi-annual study visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DM developed in 116 HIV-infected and 36 HIV-uninfected women over 6802 person-years. HIV-infected women reporting no recent antiretroviral therapy had a DM incidence rate of 1.53/100 person-years; those reporting HAART containing a protease inhibitor (PI) had a rate of 2.50/100 person-years and those reporting non-PI-containing HAART a rate of 2.89/100 person-years. None of these rates differed from the HIV-uninfected women (1.96/100 person-years) substantially or beyond levels expected by chance. Among HIV-infected women, longer cumulative exposure to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) was associated with an increased risk of DM incidence compared with no NRTI exposure: relative hazard (RH) 1.81 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.83-3.93] for > 0 to 3 years exposure and RH 2.64 (95% CI, 1.11-6.32) for > 3 years exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Longer cumulative exposure to NRTI was associated with increased DM incidence in HIV-infected women. Regular DM monitoring is advisable because NRTI form the backbone of effective antiretroviral therapy.
authors: San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Infectious Disease Section, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, 111W 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA. ptien@ucsf.edu
authors: Phyllis C
authors: PC
authors: Tien
authors: Michael F
authors: MF
authors: Schneider
authors: Stephen R
authors: SR
authors: Cole
authors: Alexandra M
authors: AM
authors: Levine
authors: Mardge
authors: M
authors: Cohen
authors: Jack
authors: J
authors: DeHovitz
authors: Mary
authors: M
authors: Young
authors: Jessica E
authors: JE
authors: Justman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001824:Body Constitution; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose