title: A normative study of the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale: comparison of demographic influences between the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale and the Mini-Mental Status Examination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the demographic influence on the performance of the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-R) and provided normative data of the HDS-R in the elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  The HDS-R was administered to 803 community-dwelling cognitively normal elderly subjects aged 55 years or over. Cognitive disorders and psychiatric disorders were strictly excluded using the CERAD-K assessment packet and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The demographic influence on the performance of the HDS-R was examined using multiple linear regression analyses, and compared with that on the performance of the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) using the Chow test and t statistics. Overlapping strata were used in developing age-, education- and gender-specific normative data of the HDS-R.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, education, and gender influenced significantly the performance of the HDS-R, and explained 22.5% of the total score variance. Older age, lower education, and male gender were associated with lower performance of the HDS-R. However, the demographic influence on the HDS-R was much weaker than that on the MMSE (t = 5.578, d.f. = 800, p < 0.001). The normative data of the HDS-R stratified by age (60-69, 70-79, > or =80), education (0-6, 7-12, > or =13), and gender were presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HDS-R was more robust to demographic influences than the MMSE, and normative data may contribute to improving further its diagnostic accuracy for dementia.
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Jeong
authors: K W
authors: KW
authors: Kim
authors: D Y
authors: DY
authors: Lee
authors: S B
authors: SB
authors: Lee
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Park
authors: E A
authors: EA
authors: Choi
authors: J Y
authors: JY
authors: Choe
authors: Y J
authors: YJ
authors: Do
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Ryang
authors: H A
authors: HA
authors: Roh
authors: Y S
authors: YS
authors: Park
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Choi
authors: J I
authors: JI
authors: Woo
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003704:Dementia / Q000523:psychology*; D003710:Demography; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors