title: The effects of prolonged rose odor inhalation in two animal models of anxiety.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the anxiolytic effects of prolonged rose odor exposure, mature gerbils were exposed to acute (24 h), chronic (2 week) rose odor, or a no odor condition. Anxiolytic effects were assessed using the elevated plus maze and black white box. Rose odor profiles were compared with diazepam (1 mg/kg) i.p. The Jonckheere-Terpstra test was used, with the Mann-Whitney U test to examine significant group differences. In the elevated plus maze, spatiotemporal measures, altered by diazepam, were unaffected by rose oil, whereas exploration, increased (headdip frequency: acute U=100, p<0.001; chronic U=13, p<0.001). In the black white box, rose oil had anxiolytic spatiotemporal and exploratory behavior effects: latency to move from the white to the black compartment (acute U=182, p<0.01, chronic U=179, p<0.05), percentage time in the white compartment (acute U=168, p<0.01, chronic U=149, p<0.01) and exploration, rear-sniff frequency white (acute U=100, p<0.001; chronic U=99, p<0.001) increased. The percentage of time in the dark area decreased (acute U=160, p<0.01, chronic U=178, p<0.05). This anxiolytic profile strengthened after chronic exposure to rose odor, transitions between the compartments (U=167, p<0.01) and percentage of time moving around the arena (U=154, p<0.001) increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This profile was more representative of modern anxiolytics, for example some serotonergic agents, rather than benzodiazepine type drugs.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, UK. bfhornby@uclan.ac.uk
authors: B F
authors: BF
authors: Bradley
authors: N J
authors: NJ
authors: Starkey
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Brown
authors: R W
authors: RW
authors: Lea
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D003975:Diazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005849:Gerbillinae; D001239:Inhalation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D009812:Odorants; D027826:Rosa / Q000737:chemistry; D012737:Sex Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D003975:Diazepam