title: Recent independent evolution of msp1 polymorphism in Plasmodium vivax and related simian malaria parasites.
abstract: The Plasmodium MSP-1 is a promising malaria vaccine candidate. However, the highly polymorphic nature of the MSP-1 gene (msp1) presents a potential obstacle for effective vaccine development. To investigate the evolutionary history of msp1 polymorphism in P. vivax, we construct phylogenetic trees of msp1 from P. vivax and related monkey malaria parasite species. All P. vivax msp1 alleles cluster in the P. vivax lineage and are not distributed among other species. Similarly, all P. cynomolgi msp1 alleles cluster in the P. cynomolgi lineage. This suggests that, in contrast to presumed ancient origin of P. falciparum msp1 polymorphism, the origin of P. vivax msp1 polymorphism is relatively recent. We observed positive selection in the P. vivax lineage but not in P. cynomolgi. Also, positive selection acts on different regions of msp1 in P. vivax and P. falciparum. This study shows that the evolutionary history of msp1 differs greatly among parasite lineages.
authors: Laboratory of Malariology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan. kztanabe@biken.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors: Kazuyuki
authors: K
authors: Tanabe
authors: Ananias
authors: A
authors: Escalante
authors: Naoko
authors: N
authors: Sakihama
authors: Masanori
authors: M
authors: Honda
authors: Nobuko
authors: N
authors: Arisue
authors: Toshihiro
authors: T
authors: Horii
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Culleton
authors: Toshiyuki
authors: T
authors: Hayakawa
authors: Tetsuo
authors: T
authors: Hashimoto
authors: Shirley
authors: S
authors: Longacre
authors: Sisira
authors: S
authors: Pathirana
authors: Shiroma
authors: S
authors: Handunnetti
authors: Hirohisa
authors: H
authors: Kishino
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D020066:Merozoite Surface Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016789:Plasmodium cynomolgi / Q000235:genetics; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000235:genetics; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D020066:Merozoite Surface Protein 1