title: Prediction of upper respiratory tract bacteria in acute otitis media.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Thorough otomicroscopical examination of the tympanic membrane in acute otitis media (AOM) might distinguish AOM episodes caused by different bacteria. It thus might be a way to select appropriate treatment for each patient without raising the number of dangerous complications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to see if it might be possible to predict the causative bacterium by judging the otomicroscopical appearance of the tympanic membrane in episodes of AOM.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was prospective. Patients suffering from non-perforated AOM were included. The tympanic membrane was photographed. A prediction of the causative bacterium was made and tympanocentesis was performed. Effusion from the middle ear and a nasopharyngeal swab were obtained for bacterial culturing. The causative bacteria were categorized into gram-positive (Streptococcus pneumoniae and S. pyogenes) or gram-negative (non-typable Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 82 patients were included in the study. A correct prediction was made in 47/63, a false prediction in 16/63 (kappa 0.48, p<0.001).
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Central Hospital, Skövde, Sweden. margaretha.fogle-hansson@vgregion.se
authors: Margaretha
authors: M
authors: Foglé-Hansson
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: White
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: Hermansson
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000382:microbiology*; D038781:Otoscopy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000382:microbiology*