title: Validity of a frustration-induction procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test a reliable and easily administered frustration-induction procedure for experimental research.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred volunteers (81 women, mean age +/- SD 34.2 +/- 8 years) physically and psychiatrically healthy submitted to the frustration induction procedure were prevented from reaching reward level scores. Subjective aggressiveness feelings related to frustration were self-rated in a 13-item visual analogue scale before and after the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant increases in aggressiveness-related feelings were detected in 12 of the 13 items. This was consistent with the observed overt behavior of the subjects during the task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frustration-induction procedure is a simple, easy to administer frustration-induction procedure that can be used in experimental studies in normal subjects.
authors: Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Elaine
authors: E
authors: Henna
authors: Monica L
authors: ML
authors: Zilberman
authors: Valentim
authors: V
authors: Gentil
authors: Clarice
authors: C
authors: Gorenstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005639:Frustration; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011581:Psychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results