Diversity in penaeidin antimicrobial peptide form and function.
Penaeidins are a diverse family of two-domain antimicrobial peptides expressed in shrimp. Variation in penaeidin sequence results in functional diversity, which was discovered using synthetic reproductions of native penaeidins. An isoform of penaeidin class 3 from Litopenaeus setiferus (Litset Pen3-4) was synthesized using native ligation and compared directly with the synthetic penaeidin class 4 known to be expressed in the same organism. New antimicrobial activity data are included in this review that emphasize differences in effectiveness that are apparent from a direct comparison of two classes. A novel approach to intact penaeidin analysis is presented in the form of Fourier Transform Ion-Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry, which has implications for the identification of individual penaeidin isoforms without chemical modification or enzymatic cleavage. The new information included in this review helps gather the perspective on relevance of penaeidin diversity to antimicrobial function, the use of synthetic peptides as tools to evaluate specific immune functions and the application of high mass resolution, top-down sequencing methods to the intact analysis of individual penaeidin isoforms.
Cuthbertson
Brandon J
BJ
Laboratory of Signal Transduction, NIH/NIEHS, P.O. Box 12233 (MD F3-04), 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2233, USA. cuthbertsonb@niehs.nih.gov
Deterding
Leesa J
LJ
Williams
Jason G
JG
Tomer
Kenneth B
KB
Etienne
Kizee
K
Blackshear
Perry J
PJ
Büllesbach
Erika E
EE
Gross
Paul S
PS
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D011487:Protein Conformation; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology
D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D020033:Protein Isoforms
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