Infection of hematopoietic progenitor cells by HIV-1 subtype C, and its association with anemia in southern Africa.
Reports from southern Africa, an area in which human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is caused almost exclusively by subtype C (HIV-1C), have shown increased rates of anemia in HIV-infected populations compared with similar acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in the United States, an area predominantly infected with subtype B (HIV-1B). Recent findings by our group demonstrated a direct association between HIV-1 infection and hematopoietic progenitor cell health in Botswana. Therefore, using a single-colony infection assay and quantitative proviral analysis, we examined whether HIV-1C could infect hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and whether this phenotype was associated with the higher rates of anemia found in southern Africa. The results show that a significant number of HIV-1C, but not HIV-1B, isolates can infect HPCs in vitro (P < .05). In addition, a portion of HIV-1C-positive Africans had infected progenitor cell populations in vivo, which was associated with higher rates of anemia in these patients (P < .05). This represents a difference in cell tropism between 2 geographically separate and distinct HIV-1 subtypes. The association of this hematotropic phenotype with higher rates of anemia should be considered when examining anti-HIV drug treatment regimens in HIV-1C-predominant areas, such as southern Africa.
Redd
Andrew D
AD
Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Avalos
Ava
A
Essex
Max
M
D000353:Africa, Southern; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000821:virology; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015497:HIV-1; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
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