title: Relationship between white matter apparent diffusion coefficients in preterm infants at term-equivalent age and developmental outcome at 2 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to develop a simple reproducible method for the measurement of apparent diffusion coefficient values in the white matter of preterm infants using diffusion-weighted imaging to test the hypothesis that elevated mean apparent diffusion coefficient values are associated with lower developmental quotient scores at 2 years' corrected age.
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained diffusion-weighted imaging in 38 preterm infants at term-equivalent age who had no evidence of overt cerebral pathology on conventional MRI. Mean apparent diffusion coefficient values at the level of the centrum semiovale were determined. The children were assessed using a standardized neurologic examination, and the Griffiths Mental Development Scales were administered to obtain a developmental quotient at 2 years' corrected age. The relationship between mean apparent diffusion coefficient values and developmental quotient was examined. Clinical data relating to postnatal sepsis, antenatal steroid exposure, supplemental oxygen, gender, patent ductus arteriosus, and inotrope requirement were collected, and the mean apparent diffusion coefficient values for each group were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (+/-SD) apparent diffusion coefficient value in the white matter was 1.385 +/- 0.07 x 10(-3) mm2/second, and the mean developmental quotient was 108.9 +/- 11.5. None of the children had a significant neurologic problem. There was a significant negative correlation between mean apparent diffusion coefficient and developmental quotient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that higher white matter apparent diffusion coefficient values at term-equivalent age in preterm infants without overt lesions are associated with poorer developmental performance in later childhood. Consequently, apparent diffusion coefficient values at term may be of prognostic value for neurodevelopmental outcome in infants who are born preterm and who have no other imaging indicators of abnormality.
authors: Robert Steiner Magnetic Resonance Unit, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Michelle L
authors: ML
authors: Krishnan
authors: Leigh E
authors: LE
authors: Dyet
authors: James P
authors: JP
authors: Boardman
authors: Olga
authors: O
authors: Kapellou
authors: Joanna M
authors: JM
authors: Allsop
authors: Frances
authors: F
authors: Cowan
authors: A David
authors: AD
authors: Edwards
authors: Mary A
authors: MA
authors: Rutherford
authors: Serena J
authors: SJ
authors: Counsell
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis