title: Prostate cancer: accurate determination of extracapsular extension with high-spatial-resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced and T2-weighted MR imaging--initial results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively compare the sensitivity and specificity of high-spatial-resolution dynamic contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with those of high-spatial-resolution T2-weighted MR imaging, performed with an endorectal coil (ERC), for assessment of extracapsular extension (ECE) and staging in patients with prostate cancer, with histopathologic findings as reference.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was approved by the institutional internal review board; a signed informed consent was obtained. MR imaging of the prostate at 1.5 T was performed with combined surface coils and ERCs in 32 patients (mean age, 65 years; range, 42-78 years) before radical prostatectomy. High-spatial-resolution T2-weighted fast spin-echo and high-spatial-resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced three-dimensional gradient-echo images were acquired with gadopentetate dimeglumine. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR images were analyzed with a computer-generated color-coded scheme. Two experienced readers independently assessed ECE and tumor stage. MR imaging-based staging results were compared with histopathologic results. For the prediction of ECE, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. Staging accuracy was determined with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) by using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney index of diagnostic accuracy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for assessment of ECE with the combined data sets for both readers were 86%, 95%, 90%, and 93%, respectively. The sensitivity of MR images for determination of ECE was significantly improved for both readers (>25%) with combined data sets compared with T2-weighted MR images alone. The combined data sets had a mean overall staging accuracy for both readers of 95%, as determined with AUC. Staging results for both readers were significantly improved (P<.05) with the combined data sets compared with T2-weighted MR images alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of high-spatial-resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging and T2-weighted MR imaging yields improved assessment of ECE and better results for prostate cancer staging compared with either technique independently.
authors: Department of Radiology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. nbloch@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors: B Nicolas
authors: BN
authors: Bloch
authors: Edna
authors: E
authors: Furman-Haran
authors: Thomas H
authors: TH
authors: Helbich
authors: Robert E
authors: RE
authors: Lenkinski
authors: Hadassa
authors: H
authors: Degani
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Kratzik
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Susani
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Haitel
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Jaromi
authors: Long
authors: L
authors: Ngo
authors: Neil M
authors: NM
authors: Rofsky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA