title: Disruption of telomere maintenance by depletion of the MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 complex in cells that use alternative lengthening of telomeres.
abstract: Immortalized human cells are able to maintain their telomeres by telomerase or by a recombination-mediated DNA replication mechanism known as alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). We showed previously that overexpression of Sp100 protein can suppress ALT and that this was associated with sequestration of the MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) recombination protein complex by Sp100. In the present study, we determined whether MRN proteins are required for ALT activity. ALT cells were depleted of MRN proteins by small hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown, which was maintained for up to 100 population doublings. Knockdown of NBS1 had no effect on the level of RAD50 or MRE11, but knockdown of RAD50 also depleted cells of NBS1, and knockdown of MRE11 depleted cells of all three MRN proteins. Depletion of NBS1, with or without depletion of other members of the complex, resulted in inhibition of ALT-mediated telomere maintenance, as evidenced by decreased numbers of ALT-associated promyelocytic leukemia bodies and decreased telomere length. In some clones there was an initial period of rapid shortening followed by stabilization of telomere length, whereas in others there was continuous shortening at a rate within the reported range for normal human somatic cells lacking a telomere maintenance mechanism. In contrast, depletion of NBS1 in telomerase-positive cells did not result in telomere shortening. A recent study showed that NBS1 was required for the formation of extrachromosomal telomeric circles (Compton, S. A., Choi, J. H., Cesare, A. J., Ozgur, S., and Griffith, J. D. (2007) Cancer Res. 67, 1513-1519), also a marker for ALT. We conclude that the MRN complex, and especially NBS1, is required for the ALT mechanism.
authors: Cancer Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead 2145, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Ze-Huai
authors: ZH
authors: Zhong
authors: Wei-Qin
authors: WQ
authors: Jiang
authors: Anthony J
authors: AJ
authors: Cesare
authors: Axel A
authors: AA
authors: Neumann
authors: Renu
authors: R
authors: Wadhwa
authors: Roger R
authors: RR
authors: Reddel
mesh_terms: D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004260:DNA Repair; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D000076228:MRE11 Homologue Protein; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D016615:Telomere / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D034501:Telomere-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C121766:MRE11 protein, human; C112156:NBN protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D034501:Telomere-Binding Proteins; D012313:RNA; D000076228:MRE11 Homologue Protein; D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; C112158:RAD50 protein, human; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes