title: Social influences on adolescent substance use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the overtime relationships between adolescent and peer substance use and parenting practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five times from sixth to ninth grade, students (n=2453) in 7 middle schools reported smoking, drinking, and marijuana use; the number of substance-using friends; and parent practices. Relationships were assessed using latent growth curve modeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adolescent substance use predicted the growth in substance-using friends, and substance-using friends predicted adolescent use, except for smoking. The negative over-time relationship between parenting practices and adolescent substance use was mediated by the growth in the number of substance-using friends.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results are consistent with both selection and socialization effects and provide evidence of the protective effects of positive parenting practices.
authors: Prevention Research Branch, Division of Statistics, Epidemiology, and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, 20892-7510, USA. mortonb@mail.nih.gov
authors: Bruce
authors: B
authors: Simons-Morton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting; D011584:Psychology; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012931:Social Environment; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires