title: A study on the antitumoral and differentiation effects of peganum harmala derivatives in combination with ATRA on leukaemic cells.
abstract: Plant derived agents may exert a new approach to the treatment of leukaemia. The present study was an evaluation of proliferation, cytotoxicity and differentiation of harmine and harmaline on HL60 cells, alone or in combination with ATRA and G-CSF. Counting of cells, viability, MTT assay, morphology, NBT reduction and flow cytometry analysis were performed using CD11b and CD 14 monoclonal antibodies. The data showed that harmine and harmaline reduced proliferation in dose and time dependent manner. Optimal antiproliferative concentration of these agents was chosen. However, both agents in higher doses were cytotoxic. Combination of ATRA, G-CSF and each agent alone, particularly harmaline in optimal dose, resulted in partially additive decrease in cell proliferation. Cells treated with both harmaline and ATRA demonstrated some morphological changes and NBT positivity, but the extent of changes observed following treatment with harmaline was less than ATRA. Flow cytometric analysis showed that ATRA induced a neutrophilic differentiation, while harmaline led to a predominantly monocytic differentiation. Combination of harmine and harmaline with ATRA and G-CSF did not change the extent of differentiation, and the cells differentiated into the neutrophilic lineage. This shows that the direction of differentiation is dominantly determined by ATRA. These preliminary data implies a new approach in treatment of leukemia.
authors: Iran University of Medical sciences, Department of Hematology and Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Tehran. farhadz20@yahoo.co.uk
authors: Farhad
authors: F
authors: Zaker
authors: Arezo
authors: A
authors: Oody
authors: Alireza
authors: A
authors: Arjmand
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006246:Harmaline / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006247:Harmine / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D032443:Peganum / Q000737:chemistry*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006247:Harmine; D014212:Tretinoin; D006246:Harmaline