title: Abnormal preantral folliculogenesis in polycystic ovaries is associated with increased granulosa cell division.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women, but its etiology remains obscure. Recent data suggest that an intrinsic abnormality of early follicle development in the ovary is key to the pathogenesis of PCOS. We have recently found that in PCOS the proportion of primordial follicles is decreased with a reciprocal increase in the proportion of primary follicles.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to examine whether the accelerated transition of follicles from primordial to primary stages in polycystic ovaries (PCO) is due to increased granulosa cell (GC) division.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a comparison of expression of minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2) (present in the nuclei of cells that are licensed to divide) in archive tissue from normal and PCO.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a laboratory-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 16 women with regular cycles (six with normal and 10 with PCO) and five anovulatory women with PCO, classified histologically, with reference to menstrual history and ultrasound.
  
  
  METHODS
  The presence of MCM2 expression in the GCs of 1,371 follicles was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GC proliferation was increased in anovulatory PCO compared with both normal and ovulatory PCO, with an increased proportion of preantral follicles with MCM2-positive GCs (P <or= 0.015). The number of GCs differed significantly among the three types of ovary at the transitional (P = 0.013) and primary (P = 0.0096) stages. This was accompanied by an altered relationship (P < 0.0001) between oocyte growth and GC division/cuboidalization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide evidence for increased GC proliferation in early-growing follicles in PCOS. This offers an explanation for the increased proportion of primary follicles in PCOS.
authors: Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
authors: Sharron A
authors: SA
authors: Stubbs
authors: Jaroslav
authors: J
authors: Stark
authors: Stephen M
authors: SM
authors: Dilworth
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Franks
authors: Kate
authors: K
authors: Hardy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002452:Cell Count; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D064111:Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009865:Oocytes / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000473:pathology*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000473:pathology*; D016707:Tissue Fixation
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C084859:MCM2 protein, human; D064111:Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2