Negotiating the nucleosome: factors that allow RNA polymerase II to elongate through chromatin.
Initiation by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) involves a host of enzymes, and the process of elongation appears similarly complex. Transcriptional elongation through chromatin requires the coordinated efforts of Pol II and its associated transcription factors: C-terminal domain kinases, elongation complexes, chromatin-modifying enzymes, chromatin remodeling factors, histone chaperones (nucleosome assembly factors), and histone variants. This review examines the following: (i) the consequences of the encounter between elongating Pol II and a nucleosome, and (ii) chromatin remodeling factors and nucleosome assembly factors that have recently been identified as important for the elongation stage of transcription.
Armstrong
Jennifer A
JA
Joint Science Department, The Claremont Colleges, 925 N. Mills Avenue, Claremont, CA 91711, USA. jarmstrong@jsd.claremont.edu
D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D002843:Chromatin; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009707:Nucleosomes; D014157:Transcription Factors; D012319:RNA Polymerase II