title: Immediate loading of two implants supporting a ball attachment-retained mandibular overdenture: a prospective clinical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A prospective clinical study was conducted to evaluate clinically and radiographically the performance of two implants immediately loaded supporting a ball attachment-retained mandibular overdenture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen completely edentulous patients were included in the study. Each patient received two implants inserted after a minimal flap reflection and no vestibular extension in order to reduce the postoperative swelling and facilitate immediate prosthesis connection. After implant placement, a mandibular complete denture was connected to the implants using ball attachments of appropriate height according to the depth of the peri-implant tissue. Patients were asked not to remove the denture for 1 week. No limitations to chewing function were given. At implant placement, the maximum value of insertion torque was recorded. Patients were examined at 1, 2, 4, 12, and 52 weeks postsurgery. At postoperative visit, occlusion was checked and the need for any prosthesis maintenance was recorded. The radiographic bone level (RBL) change was measured on periapical radiographs at baseline and 12 months after loading.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 12 months of loading, no implant failure was reported and the survival rate was 100%. Average RBL change was 0.7 mm +/- 0.5 mm. Of the 17 cases, two had major prosthetic complications and five patients required minor extra maintenance appointments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The immediate loading of two implants by means of ball attachment-retained mandibular complete denture may be a predictable treatment option. This clinical approach offers increased stability and comfort, while keeping a high implant success rate.
authors: Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. ricmarzola@gmail.com
authors: Riccardo
authors: R
authors: Marzola
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Scotti
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Fazi
authors: Gian Pietro
authors: GP
authors: Schincaglia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015921:Dental Implants; D003766:Dental Occlusion; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003823:Denture Rebasing; D003781:Denture Retention; D003826:Denture, Complete, Lower; D003828:Denture, Overlay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D016019:Survival Analysis; D019415:Torque; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants