title: Four canals in the mesial root of a mandibular first molar. A case report under the operating microscope.
abstract: In this era of microscope-assisted endodontics, finding variations in root canal system anatomy is not uncommon. Operating microscopes combined with careful clinical examination and radiographic interpretation can aid the clinician to successfully treat cases with such internal anatomy. The understanding of this view enables the possible location of additional canals in any tooth requiring endodontic treatment. The present clinical article demonstrates a rare anatomical complexity in the mesial root of a mandibular first molar. Four independent root canal orifices were found in this root by clinical detection with the aid of a dental operating microscope. This case shows that additional canals can be located in any root undergoing endodontic treatment and clinicians should always be aware of aberrant internal anatomy.
authors: Department of Endodontics, Dental School, University of Athens, Anthron 2, Patisia, 11143 Athens, Greece. ekontak@dent.uoa.gr
authors: Evangelos G
authors: EG
authors: Kontakiotis
authors: Giorgos N
authors: GN
authors: Tzanetakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible; D008866:Microsurgery; D008963:Molar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D011671:Pulpitis / Q000628:therapy; D011859:Radiography; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000379:methods*