title: Identification of molecular markers altered during transformation of differentiated into anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A change in tumor expression profile will be observed during the transformation of differentiated into anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based sample (British Columbia).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sequential archival cases of anaplastic thyroid cancer with an adjacent associated differentiated thyroid cancer focus, and with available paraffin blocks, that had been diagnosed and treated in British Columbia during a 20-year period (12 cases; January 1, 1984, through December 31, 2004) were identified through the provincial tumor registry for tissue microarray construction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Significant associations between marker staining and tumor pathologic diagnosis (differentiated vs anaplastic) were determined with contingency table and marginal homogeneity tests. A classifier algorithm was also used to identify useful and important molecular classifiers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, there were 3 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated markers when comparing the anaplastic carcinoma with associated differentiated thyroid cancers. Contingency table statistics identified 5 markers (thyroglobulin, Bcl-2, MIB-1, E-cadherin, and p53) to be significantly differentially expressed by the anaplastic and differentiated tumor foci. These 5 markers and 3 others (beta-catenin, topoisomerase II-alpha, and vascular endothelial growth factor) were significant when evaluated using the marginal homogeneity test. Clustering and classification analysis based on these same 8 markers readily separated differentiated and anaplastic thyroid tumors with a high degree of accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The markers we observed to change during thyroid tumor progression may not only show promise as molecular diagnostic or prognostic tools but also warrant further study as potential targets for treatment of disease.
authors: Department of Surgery, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, C303-1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z-1Y6. smwiseman@providencehealth.bc.ca
authors: Sam M
authors: SM
authors: Wiseman
authors: Obi L
authors: OL
authors: Griffith
authors: Shaun
authors: S
authors: Deen
authors: Ashish
authors: A
authors: Rajput
authors: Hamid
authors: H
authors: Masoudi
authors: Blake
authors: B
authors: Gilks
authors: Lynn
authors: L
authors: Goldstein
authors: Allen
authors: A
authors: Gown
authors: Steven J M
authors: SJ
authors: Jones
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D013954:Thyroglobulin; C513496:MIB1 ligase, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases