title: Mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells into the circulation in burned patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been detected in the peripheral blood of patients following thermal injury. EPCs migrate to sites of active neovascularization in response to mediators released after trauma, contributing to wound healing. The aim was to characterize levels and kinetics of EPCs in burned patients, then relate these to key mobilizing factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL 12), and compare them with those in healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 19 adult patients with superficial or full-thickness burns and 50 blood donor volunteer controls. EPCs, identified by cell surface markers CD45(dim/-), CD133+, CD144+ and VEGF receptor 2, were quantified by four-colour flow cytometry. Plasma VEGF and CXCL12 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Burned patients showed a rapid rise in EPC levels within 24 h, a ninefold increase compared with controls, returning to basal levels by 72 h. Body surface area burned correlated strongly with the degree of mobilization. EPC levels correlated significantly with rises in plasma VEGF and CXCL12.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thermal injury induced a rapid rise in EPCs that was proportional to the extent of the burn and significantly correlated with levels of angiogenic cytokines. Such cytokines may be used to stimulate EPCs as a future therapeutic target in burned patients.
authors: Stem Cells and Immunotherapies, National Blood Service, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Fox
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Smythe
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Fisher
authors: M P H
authors: MP
authors: Tyler
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: McGrouther
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Watt
authors: A L
authors: AL
authors: Harris
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002056:Burns / Q000628:therapy*; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000378:metabolism; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D019650:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A