title: Micronutrient supplements and mortality of HIV-infected adults with pulmonary TB: a controlled clinical trial.
abstract: METHODS
  Zomba and Blantyre, Malawi, Africa.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether daily micronutrient supplementation reduces the mortality of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected adults with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomised, controlled clinical trial of micronutrient supplementation for HIV-positive and HIV-negative adults with pulmonary TB. Participants were enrolled at the commencement of chemotherapy for sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB and followed up for 24 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 829 HIV-positive and 573 HIV-negative adults were enrolled. During follow-up, 328 HIV-positive and 17 HIV-negative participants died. The proportion of HIV-positive participants who died in the micronutrient and placebo groups was 38.7% and 40.4%, respectively (P = 0.49). Micronutrient supplementation did not reduce mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.93, 95%CI 0.75-1.15) among HIV-positive adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Micronutrient supplementation at the doses used in this study does not reduce mortality in HIV-positive adults with pulmonary TB in Malawi.
authors: Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. rdsemba@jhmi.edu
authors: R D
authors: RD
authors: Semba
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Kumwenda
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Zijlstra
authors: M O
authors: MO
authors: Ricks
authors: M
authors: M
authors: van Lettow
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Whalen
authors: T D
authors: TD
authors: Clark
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Jorgensen
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Kohler
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Kumwenda
authors: T E
authors: TE
authors: Taha
authors: A D
authors: AD
authors: Harries
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D006801:Humans; D018977:Micronutrients; D013183:Sputum; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients