title: Fluoroscopy to assess late heart and lung perforation by a permanent ventricular pacemaker lead. A case complicated by isolated hemothorax.
abstract: We report a female patient with a ventricular lead perforation late after implantation. The lead perforated heart and lung parenchyma and caused hemothorax but no cardiac effusion or tamponade. No definitive evidence for lead perforation was found by standard diagnostic assessment. Definitive diagnosis was established by cath-lab fluoroscopy. The surgical treatment including thoracotomy, lead removal, repair suture of the right ventricle and finally placement of an epicardial electrode was successful.
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Mortensen
authors: Muhammet Ali
authors: MA
authors: Aydin
authors: Britta
authors: B
authors: Goldmann
authors: Tobias
authors: T
authors: Deuse
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Willems
authors: Rodolfo
authors: R
authors: Ventura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020878:Device Removal; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006335:Heart Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006491:Hemothorax / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D055370:Lung Injury; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011677:Punctures