title: Cytology of urate milk in gouty arthritis: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Synovial fluid (SF) analysis is a useful investigative procedure in the evaluation of various types of arthritides, including gouty arthritis. Rarely, gouty arthritis may present with effusion containing thick, milky white fluid. We report a case of gouty arthritis, describing cytologic features of the urate milk.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 42-year-old man presented with pain and swelling of multiple joints of long duration. Approximately 3 mL of milky white SF was obtained for white blood cell (WBC) count, with a clinical diagnosis of septic arthritis. Due to the gross nature of the sample, the WBC count could not be performed; however, cytologic examination of the sample revealed a massive amount of classic, needle-shaped urate crystals on routinely stained May-Grünwald-Giemsa smears, favoring a cytologic diagnosis of gouty arthritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gouty synovitis occasionally presents with thick, milky white urate-laden synovial effusions, which clinically may be mistaken for septic arthritis. This gross nature of the specimen may interfere with the performace of a WBC count on SF samples.
authors: Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India. rajusiddaraju@yahoo.com
authors: Neelaiah
authors: N
authors: Siddaraju
authors: Moatoshi
authors: M
authors: Aier
authors: Parasappa Joteppa
authors: PJ
authors: Yaranal
authors: Debdatta
authors: D
authors: Basu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000842:Ankle / Q000473:pathology; D015210:Arthritis, Gouty / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000166:cytology*