Transcriptional profiling of high pigment-2dg tomato mutant links early fruit plastid biogenesis with its overproduction of phytonutrients.
Phenotypes of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) high pigment-2(dg) (hp-2(dg)) and hp-2(j) mutants are caused by lesions in the gene encoding DEETIOLATED1, a negative regulator of light signaling. Homozygous hp-2(dg) and hp-2(j) plants display a plethora of distinctive developmental and metabolic phenotypes in comparison to their normal isogenic counterparts. These mutants are, however, best known for the increased levels of carotenoids, primarily lycopene, and other plastid-accumulating functional metabolites. In this study we analyzed the transcriptional alterations in mature-green, breaker, and early red fruits of hp-2(dg)/hp-2(dg) plants in relation to their normal counterparts using microarray technology. Results show that a large portion of the genes that are affected by hp-2(dg) mutation display a tendency for up- rather than down-regulation. Ontology assignment of these differentially regulated transcripts revealed a consistent up-regulation of transcripts related to chloroplast biogenesis and photosynthesis in hp-2(dg) mutants throughout fruit ripening. A tendency of up-regulation was also observed in structural genes involved in phytonutrient biosynthesis. However, this up-regulation was not as consistent, positioning plastid biogenesis as an important determinant of phytonutrient overproduction in hp-2(dg) and possibly other hp mutant fruits. Microscopic observations revealed a highly significant increase in chloroplast size and number in pericarp cells of mature-green hp-2(dg)/hp-2(dg) and hp-2(j)/hp-2(j) fruits in comparison to their normal counterparts. This increase could be observed from early stages of fruit development. Therefore, the molecular trigger that drives phytonutrient overproduction in hp-2(dg) and hp-2(j) mutant fruits should be initially traced at these early stages.
Kolotilin
Igor
I
Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
Koltai
Hinanit
H
Tadmor
Yaakov
Y
Bar-Or
Carmiya
C
Reuveni
Moshe
M
Meir
Ayala
A
Nahon
Sahadia
S
Shlomo
Haviva
H
Chen
Lea
L
Levin
Ilan
I
D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005638:Fruit / Q000166:cytology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018087:Plastids / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D010940:Plant Proteins; C118232:tDET1 protein, Lycopersicon esculentum; D002338:Carotenoids
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Sep 26;97(20):11102-7
10995464
J Exp Bot. 2005 Apr;56(414):1061-77
15753112
Plant J. 2004 Mar;37(6):914-39
14996223
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jun 29;101(26):9897-902
15178762
Plant Cell. 1996 Nov;8(11):1951-9
8953766
Plant Cell. 2002 Jul;14(7):1441-56
12119366
Plant J. 2000 Jun;22(6):503-13
10886770
Nat Biotechnol. 2001 May;19(5):470-4
11329019
Plant Cell. 2004 Mar;16(3):616-28
14973161
Genes Dev. 2004 Sep 1;18(17):2172-81
15342494
Development. 2003 Mar;130(5):969-81
12538522
Plant Mol Biol. 2006 Mar;60(5):773-92
16649112
Plant Cell. 2005 Jun;17(6):1829-38
15879560
Plant J. 2004 Oct;40(1):47-59
15361140
BMC Genomics. 2006;7:110
16677401
Trends Plant Sci. 2003 Apr;8(4):172-8
12711229
New Phytol. 2005 May;166(2):427-38
15819907
Plant Cell. 1999 Feb;11(2):145-57
9927635
Plant Cell. 2005 Jul;17(7):1894-907
15923345
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2003;43(1):1-18
12587984
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jan 22;99(2):1092-7
11805345
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2002 Apr;14(2):180-8
11891117
Prog Lipid Res. 2004 May;43(3):228-65
15003396
Trends Genet. 1993 May;9(5):167-72
8337753
Plant J. 2000 Nov;24(3):413-9
11069713
Plant Physiol. 2002 Nov;130(3):1109-20
12427978
Plant Physiol. 2000 Aug;123(4):1203-12
10938339
Plant Biotechnol J. 2005 Jan;3(1):17-27
17168896
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Nov;87(22):8776-80
2247447
Plant Cell. 2002;14 Suppl:S327-38
12045286
Science. 2002 Jul 19;297(5580):405-9
12130786
J Exp Bot. 2002 Oct;53(377):2099-106
12324533
Cell. 1989 Sep 8;58(5):991-9
2776216
Science. 2004 Feb 27;303(5662):1371-4
14739464
Plant J. 2004 Aug;39(4):655-67
15272881
Genes Dev. 2000 Feb 1;14(3):257-71
10673498
Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 1999 Jun;50:333-359
15012213
Plant Physiol. 1998 Jul;117(3):797-807
9662522
J Biol Chem. 2002 Jan 18;277(3):1637-40
11705987
Cell. 1994 Jul 15;78(1):109-16
8033202
Nat Biotechnol. 2005 Jul;23(7):890-5
15951803
Plant J. 2002 Sep;31(6):713-27
12220263
Curr Biol. 2002 Sep 3;12(17):1529-34
12225670
Plant Physiol. 1985 Feb;77(2):483-5
16664080
Curr Biol. 2002 Sep 3;12(17):1462-72
12225661
Plant J. 2004 Sep;39(5):697-714
15315633
Plant J. 2004 Oct;40(2):188-99
15447646
Theor Appl Genet. 2004 May;108(8):1574-81
14968305
Nat Biotechnol. 2000 Jun;18(6):666-9
10835607
Plant J. 1998 Apr;14(1):1-11
9681024
Plant Cell. 2005 Nov;17(11):2954-65
16243903
Trends Plant Sci. 2001 Oct;6(10):471-8
11590066
Planta. 2003 Oct;217(6):896-903
12844264
Proteomics. 2004 Nov;4(11):3560-8
15478214
Theor Appl Genet. 2003 Feb;106(3):454-60
12589545