title: Evolution of resupination in Malagasy species of Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae).
abstract: Resupination is the orientation of zygomorphic flowers during development so that the median petal obtains the lowermost position in the mature flower. Despite its evolutionary and ecological significance, resupination has rarely been studied in a phylogenetic context. Ten types of resupination occur among the 210 species of the orchid genus Bulbophyllum on Madagascar. We investigated the evolution of resupination in a representative sample of these species by first reconstructing a combined nrITS and cpDNA phylogeny for a sectional reclassification and then plotting the different types of inflorescence development, which correlated well with main clades. Resupination by apical drooping of the rachis appears to have evolved from apical drooping of the peduncle. Erect inflorescences with resupinate flowers seem to have evolved several times into either erect inflorescences with (partly) non-resupinate flowers or pendulous inflorescences with resupinate flowers.
authors: Department of Biogeography and Botanical Garden, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria. gunter.fischer@sbg.ac.at
authors: Gunter A
authors: GA
authors: Fischer
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Gravendeel
authors: Anton
authors: A
authors: Sieder
authors: Jacky
authors: J
authors: Andriantiana
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Heiselmayer
authors: Phillip J
authors: PJ
authors: Cribb
authors: Eric de Camargo
authors: Ede C
authors: Smidt
authors: Rosabelle
authors: R
authors: Samuel
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Kiehn
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D018742:DNA, Chloroplast / Q000032:analysis; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D035263:Flowering Tops / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D008270:Madagascar; D029595:Orchidaceae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D018742:DNA, Chloroplast