title: Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in various laryngeal lesions in relation to carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, and patients' prognosis.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression leading to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) overexpression may be useful as a factor for predicting recurrence after initial treatment and prognosis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed expression of iNOS, p53, and VEGF in various laryngeal lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study samples consisted of 63 SCC, 20 dysplasia, 7 polyp, and 5 normal epithelium of the larynx. The expression of iNOS, p53, and VEGF was identified by immunohistological methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No positive immunostaining for iNOS, p53, and VEGF was observed in normal epithelium and polyps. In contrast, with the progression from mild/moderate dysplasia to severe dysplasia to carcinoma, their expression levels increased. In dysplasia, there was a significant positive correlation among expression of iNOS, p53, and VEGF. In SCC, iNOS expression correlated with VEGF overexpression and microvessel density, but not with p53 overexpression. In SCC, the expression of iNOS and VEGF significantly increased in patients who developed local recurrence and/or metastases after initial treatments. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that disease-free survival was significantly shorter in patients with iNOS or VEGF expression. Multivariate analysis showed expression of iNOS and VEGF as independent indicators for poor disease-free survival.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan.
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Shigyo
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Nonaka
authors: Akihiro
authors: A
authors: Katada
authors: Nobuyuki
authors: N
authors: Bandoh
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Ogino
authors: Akihiro
authors: A
authors: Katayama
authors: Miki
authors: M
authors: Takahara
authors: Tatsuya
authors: T
authors: Hayashi
authors: Yasuaki
authors: Y
authors: Harabuchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II