title: Cardiac progenitors and the embryonic cell cycle.
abstract: Despite the critical importance of proper cell cycle regulation in establishing the correct morphology of organs and tissues during development, relatively little is known about how cell proliferation is regulated in a tissue-specific manner. The control of cell proliferation within the developing heart is of considerable interest, given the high prevalence of congenital cardiac abnormalities among humans, and recent interest in the isolation of cardiac progenitor populations. We therefore review studies exploring the contribution of cell proliferation to overall cardiac morphology and the molecular mechanisms regulating this process. In addition, we also review recent studies that have identified progenitor cell populations within the adult myocardium, as well as those exploring the capability of differentiated myocardial cells to proliferate post-natally. Thus, the exploration of cardiomyocyte cell cycle regulation, both during development as well as in the adult heart, promises to yield many exciting and important discoveries over the coming years.
authors: Carolina Cardiovascular Biology Center, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
authors: Sarah C
authors: SC
authors: Goetz
authors: Frank L
authors: FL
authors: Conlon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism
references: Nat Genet. 1997 Jun;16(2):154-60
references: 9171826
references: Development. 1997 Jun;124(11):2099-117
references: 9187138
references: Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1997 Oct;7(5):597-602
references: 9388774
references: Nat Genet. 1998 Mar;18(3):271-5
references: 9500551
references: Mech Dev. 1998 Mar;72(1-2):27-40
references: 9533950
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Jul 21;95(15):8801-5
references: 9671759
references: Development. 1999 Apr;126(8):1739-51
references: 10079235
references: Nat Genet. 1999 May;22(1):44-52
references: 10319860
references: Mech Ageing Dev. 1999 Apr 1;108(1):77-85
references: 10366041
references: Mech Dev. 1999 Aug;86(1-2):29-38
references: 10446263
references: Cell. 1999 Sep 17;98(6):859-69
references: 10499802
references: Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Dec;24(23):10151-60
references: 15542826
references: Genes Dev. 2004 Nov 15;18(22):2699-711
references: 15545627
references: Anat Rec. 2000 Apr 1;258(4):319-37
references: 10737851
references: Dev Dyn. 2000 Apr;217(4):327-42
references: 10767078
references: Cell. 2000 Mar 31;101(1):79-89
references: 10778858
references: Dev Biol. 2000 Jul 15;223(2):266-78
references: 10882515
references: Dev Biol. 2000 Aug 15;224(2):263-74
references: 10926765
references: Dev Dyn. 2000 Oct;219(2):226-36
references: 11002342
references: Mech Dev. 2001 Jan;100(1):87-91
references: 11118890
references: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2001 May;2(5):333-42
references: 11331917
references: N Engl J Med. 2001 Jun 7;344(23):1750-7
references: 11396441
references: J Cell Biol. 2001 May 28;153(5):985-98
references: 11381084
references: Cell. 2001 Sep 21;106(6):709-21
references: 11572777
references: Development. 2001 Aug;128(16):3179-88
references: 11688566
references: Dev Cell. 2001 Sep;1(3):435-40
references: 11702954
references: Dev Biol. 2001 Oct 1;238(1):97-109
references: 11783996
references: Dev Genes Evol. 2001 Dec;211(11):559-62
references: 11862462
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Mar 5;99(5):2878-83
references: 11854453
references: Development. 2002 Apr;129(8):1935-43
references: 11934859
references: Genes Dev. 2002 May 15;16(10):1234-46
references: 12023302
references: Circ Res. 2002 May 31;90(10):1044-54
references: 12039793
references: Nat Rev Genet. 2002 Jul;3(7):544-56
references: 12094232
references: Cell. 2002 Sep 20;110(6):713-23
references: 12297045
references: Cell. 2002 Sep 20;110(6):725-35
references: 12297046
references: Dev Genes Evol. 2003 Jan;212(12):604-7
references: 12536325
references: Development. 2003 Aug;130(16):3877-89
references: 12835402
references: Dev Cell. 2003 Jul;5(1):85-97
references: 12852854
references: EMBO J. 2003 Aug 15;22(16):4260-73
references: 12912923
references: Cell. 2003 Aug 22;114(4):431-43
references: 12941272
references: Nat Genet. 2003 Sep;35(1):25-31
references: 12923533
references: Cell. 2003 Sep 19;114(6):763-76
references: 14505575
references: Dev Dyn. 2003 Oct;228(2):161-72
references: 14517988
references: Curr Biol. 2003 Oct 14;13(20):1775-85
references: 14561402
references: Dev Cell. 2003 Dec;5(6):877-89
references: 14667410
references: Curr Biol. 2003 Dec 16;13(24):2138-47
references: 14680629
references: J Cell Biol. 2004 Jan 5;164(1):97-109
references: 14709543
references: Physiol Rev. 2004 Jan;84(1):209-38
references: 14715915
references: Dev Dyn. 2004 Apr;229(4):763-70
references: 15042700
references: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 May;1015:182-9
references: 15201159
references: Cell. 2004 Aug 20;118(4):477-91
references: 15315760
references: Cell. 2004 Aug 20;118(4):493-504
references: 15315761
references: Development. 2004 Sep;131(18):4477-87
references: 15342473
references: J Exp Zool. 1968 Jan;167(1):79-103
references: 4870429
references: Nature. 1975 Aug 14;256(5518):547-51
references: 1165770
references: J Cell Biol. 1985 Dec;101(6):2194-8
references: 4066754
references: Genes Dev. 1987 Sep;1(7):693-8
references: 2962900
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 May;85(9):3009-13
references: 3283736
references: Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Nov;8(11):4675-84
references: 3062366
references: Nature. 1989 May 25;339(6222):275-80
references: 2566917
references: Nature. 1989 May 25;339(6222):280-6
references: 2566918
references: Cell. 1989 Aug 11;58(3):485-97
references: 2569363
references: Development. 1989 Apr;105(4):821-30
references: 2598816
references: Cell. 1990 May 4;61(3):535-47
references: 2139805
references: Cell. 1991 Jun 14;65(6):1053-61
references: 1828392
references: Cell. 1991 Sep 20;66(6):1217-28
references: 1833068
references: Dev Biol. 1993 May;157(1):28-37
references: 8482417
references: Development. 1993 Oct;119(2):485-99
references: 8287798
references: Mech Dev. 2005 Jan;122(1):57-65
references: 15582777
references: Development. 2005 Jan;132(1):189-201
references: 15576406
references: Dev Cell. 2005 Jan;8(1):85-95
references: 15621532
references: Circ Res. 2005 Jan 7;96(1):110-8
references: 15576649
references: Development. 2005 Feb;132(3):553-63
references: 15634698
references: Nature. 2005 Feb 10;433(7026):647-53
references: 15703750
references: Development. 2005 May;132(10):2475-87
references: 15843407
references: Development. 2005 May;132(10):2451-62
references: 15843414
references: Circulation. 2006 Mar 21;113(11):1451-63
references: 16549650
references: Dev Cell. 2006 May;10(5):563-73
references: 16678773
references: Development. 2006 Jul;133(13):2575-84
references: 16728474
references: Development. 2006 Aug;133(16):3139-46
references: 16873582
references: Circ Res. 2006 Sep 1;99(5):545-52
references: 16888243
references: Development. 2006 Nov;133(22):4595-606
references: 17050624
references: Cell. 2006 Dec 15;127(6):1137-50
references: 17123591
references: Cell. 2006 Dec 15;127(6):1151-65
references: 17123592
references: Circ Res. 2007 Feb 2;100(2):220-8
references: 17218603
references: Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2007 Feb;18(1):54-66
references: 17236794
references: Physiol Rev. 2007 Apr;87(2):521-44
references: 17429040
references: Cell. 1994 Apr 8;77(1):107-20
references: 8156587
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Jan 17;92(2):467-71
references: 7831312
references: Development. 1995 Feb;121(2):515-23
references: 7768189
references: Dev Dyn. 1995 May;203(1):42-50
references: 7647373
references: Nature. 1995 Nov 23;378(6555):386-90
references: 7477375
references: Nature. 1995 Nov 23;378(6555):390-4
references: 7477376
references: Nature. 1995 Nov 23;378(6555):394-8
references: 7477377
references: Science. 1995 Dec 22;270(5244):1995-9
references: 8533092
references: Development. 1995 Dec;121(12):4203-14
references: 8575320
references: Bioessays. 1996 Jul;18(7):607
references: 8757939
references: Dev Dyn. 1996 Mar;205(3):293-307
references: 8850565
references: Cardiovasc Res. 1996 Nov;32(5):886-900
references: 8944820
references: Dev Dyn. 1996 Dec;207(4):429-38
references: 8950517
references: Nat Genet. 1997 Jan;15(1):83-6
references: 8988174
references: Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1997 Feb;7(1):17-22
references: 9024630
references: Genes Dev. 1997 Feb 15;11(4):451-62
references: 9042859
references: Dev Biol. 1996 Aug 25;178(1):198-202
references: 8812122