title: Acute pharmacodynamic and antivascular effects of the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling inhibitor AZD2171 in Calu-6 human lung tumor xenografts.
abstract: The vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) signaling pathway, a key stimulant of solid tumor vascularization, is primarily dependent on the activation of the endothelial cell surface receptor VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). AZD2171 is an oral, highly potent small-molecule inhibitor of VEGFR tyrosine kinase activity that inhibits angiogenesis and the growth of human tumor xenografts in vivo. Here, we show pharmacodynamic changes in VEGFR-2 phosphorylation induced by AZD2171. In mouse lung tissue, a single dose of AZD2171 at 6 mg/kg inhibited VEGF-A-stimulated VEGFR-2 phosphorylation by 87% at 2 h with significant inhibition (>or=60%) maintained to 24 h. To examine inhibition of VEGFR-2 phosphorylation in tumor vasculature by immunohistochemistry, a comprehensive assessment of antibodies to various phosphorylation sites on the receptor was undertaken. Antibodies to the phosphotyrosine epitopes pY1175/1173 and pY1214/1212 were found suitable for this application. Calu-6 human lung tumor xenografts, from mice receiving AZD2171 or vehicle treatment (p.o., once daily), were examined by immunohistochemistry. A significant reduction in tumor vessel staining of phosphorylated VEGFR-2 (pVEGFR-2) was evident within 28 h of AZD2171 treatment (6 mg/kg). This effect preceded a significant reduction in tumor microvessel density, which was detectable following 52 h of AZD2171 treatment. These data show that AZD2171 is a potent inhibitor of VEGFR-2 activation in vivo and suggest that AZD2171 delivers therapeutic benefit in Calu-6 tumors by targeting vessels dependent on VEGFR-2 signaling for survival. In addition, this work highlights the utility of measuring either pY1175/1173 or pY1214/1212 on VEGFR-2 as a pharmacodynamic marker of VEGFR-2 activation.
authors: Cancer Bioscience, AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom.
authors: Neil R
authors: NR
authors: Smith
authors: Neil H
authors: NH
authors: James
authors: Ian
authors: I
authors: Oakley
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Wainwright
authors: Clive
authors: C
authors: Copley
authors: Jane
authors: J
authors: Kendrew
authors: Lynsey M
authors: LM
authors: Womersley
authors: Juliane M
authors: JM
authors: Jürgensmeier
authors: Stephen R
authors: SR
authors: Wedge
authors: Simon T
authors: ST
authors: Barry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D045163:Antibodies, Phospho-Specific; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D007211:Indoles
chemical_list: D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D045163:Antibodies, Phospho-Specific; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D011799:Quinazolines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; C500926:cediranib; D007211:Indoles