title: Early recovery and functional outcome are related with causal stroke subtype: data from the tinzaparin in acute ischemic stroke trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Baseline severity and causal subtype are predictors of outcome in ischemic stroke. We used data from the Tinzaparin in Acute Ischemic Stroke Trial (TAIST) to further assess the relationship among stroke subtype, early recovery, and outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with ischemic stroke (<48 hours ictus) and enrolled into TAIST were included. Severity was measured prospectively as the Scandinavian Neurological Stroke Scale (SNSS) at days 0, 4, 7, and 10. Causal subtype as large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), cardioembolism (CE), or small vessel occlusion (SVO) was assigned after standard investigations. The rate of recovery was calculated as the change in SNSS at each time point. Functional outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Barthel Index at day 90.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses were performed on the 1190 patients in TAIST who met criteria for LAA, CE, and SVO. The largest change in SNSS score occurred between baseline and day 4 and was greatest in SVO (median improvement 4 U), compared with LAA (median improvement 2 U) and CE (median improvement 2 U) (P < .0001). If no improvement in SNSS had occurred by day 4, irrespective of subgroup, then early recovery (median SNSS improvement by day 10: 2) and functional outcome (mRS 4) tended to be limited; patients who recovered early tended to continue to improve (median SNSS improvement by day 10: 11) and had a better outcome at day 90 (median, mRS 2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recovery is related to causal subtype. In all subtypes most recovery occurred by day 4, and was predictive of longer-term functional outcome.
authors: Institute of Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
authors: Nikola
authors: N
authors: Sprigg
authors: Laura J
authors: LJ
authors: Gray
authors: Philip M W
authors: PM
authors: Bath
authors: Ewa
authors: E
authors: Lindenstrøm
authors: Gudrun
authors: G
authors: Boysen
authors: Peter Paul
authors: PP
authors: De Deyn
authors: Pal
authors: P
authors: Friis
authors: Didier
authors: D
authors: Leys
authors: Reijo
authors: R
authors: Marttila
authors: Jan-Edwin
authors: JE
authors: Olsson
authors: Desmond
authors: D
authors: O'Neill
authors: Erich Bernd
authors: EB
authors: Ringelstein
authors: Jan-Jacob
authors: JJ
authors: van der Sande
authors: Alexander G G
authors: AG
authors: Turpie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001160:Arterioles; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D002536:Cerebral Arteries; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D000078222:Tinzaparin; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000078222:Tinzaparin; D001241:Aspirin