title: Incidental papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid--factors affecting lymph node metastasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the overall excellent prognosis for patients with thyroid papillary microcarcinoma (PMC), these tumors are associated with lymph node metastasis. The aim of this study is to identify the rate of lymph node metastasis and evaluate the clinical and pathological factors affecting metastasis in thyroid PMC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 475 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma treated between 1990 and 2003, 81 patients (17%) were diagnosed as PMC and the records of these patients were evaluated retrospectively. Clinicopathologic features were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to age, metastases, extent, and size risk definition, all patients were in low-risk group. Lymph node metastases were determined in 12.3% of patients. Mean follow-up was 7 years (range from 28 to 192 months). Ten-year disease-free and overall survival rates were 97 and 100%, respectively. Both multifocality and thyroid capsular invasion were found to be independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis by multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with thyroid PMC in low-risk group with multifocal tumors and with capsule invasion may have increased risk of lymph node metastasis, and must be considered in follow-up of the patients who have these factors.
authors: kgulben@yahoo.com
authors: Kaptan
authors: K
authors: Gülben
authors: Uğur
authors: U
authors: Berberoğlu
authors: Orhan
authors: O
authors: Celen
authors: Hüsnü H
authors: HH
authors: Mersin
mesh_terms: D000231:Adenocarcinoma, Papillary / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018265:Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D037981:Neck Dissection; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000473:pathology; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D013965:Thyroidectomy; D055815:Young Adult
references: Cancer. 1975 Sep;36(3):1095-9
references: 1182663
references: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2002 Jun;21(2):159-64
references: 12148571
references: Cancer. 1998 Aug 1;83(3):553-9
references: 9690549
references: Cancer. 1989 Nov 1;64(9):1888-93
references: 2676140
references: Am J Med. 1994 Nov;97(5):418-28
references: 7977430
references: World J Surg. 2004 Nov;28(11):1115-21
references: 15490053
references: Cancer. 1987 Oct 15;60(8):1767-70
references: 3652005
references: JAMA. 1969 Jul 7;209(1):65-70
references: 5819259
references: Arch Surg. 2005 Oct;140(10 ):940-5
references: 16230542
references: Surgery. 1992 Dec;112(6):1139-46; discussion 1146-7
references: 1455316
references: Mod Pathol. 1996 Aug;9(8):816-20
references: 8871922
references: Nucl Med Commun. 2004 Jun;25(6):547-52
references: 15167512
references: Cancer. 2003 Jul 1;98(1):31-40
references: 12833452
references: World J Surg. 2006 Jan;30(1):91-9
references: 16369721
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990 Aug;71(2):414-24
references: 2380337
references: J Endocrinol Invest. 1998 Jul-Aug;21(7):445-8
references: 9766259
references: Cancer. 1991 Jul 15;68(2):324-30
references: 2070332
references: Surgery. 1988 Dec;104(6):971-6
references: 3194849
references: Surgery. 2001 Dec;130(6):1050-4
references: 11742337
references: Thyroid. 2003 Apr;13(4):381-7
references: 12804106
references: Ann Surg. 2003 Mar;237(3):399-407
references: 12616125
references: Cancer. 1970 Apr;25(4):803-11
references: 5443104
references: Cancer. 1985 Aug 1;56(3):531-8
references: 2408737
references: Am J Clin Pathol. 1988 Jul;90(1):72-6
references: 3389346
references: Eur J Surg Oncol. 2004 Dec;30(10):1104-6
references: 15522558
references: Br J Surg. 1996 Dec;83(12):1674-83
references: 9038540