title: The effects of LCD anisotropy on the visual performance of users of different ages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study examined the visual discrimination speed and accuracy while using an LCD and a CRT display.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  LCDs have ergonomic advantages, but their main disadvantage is that they provide inconsistent photometric measures depending on the viewing angle (anisotropy).
  
  
  METHODS
  Independent variables were screen type (LCD and CRT), viewing angle (0 degrees, 11 degrees, 41 degrees, 50 degrees, and 56 degrees) and user's age (teenagers, young adults, and middle-aged adults). Dependent variables were speed and accuracy in a visual discrimination task and user's ratings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results corroborated the negative impact of LCD anisotropy. Visual discrimination times were by 7.6% slower when an LCD was used instead of a CRT. Performance differences increased with increasing viewing angle for both screens, but performance decrements were larger for the LCD. Young adults showed the best visual performance, as compared with teenagers and middle-aged adults. Effects of anisotropy were found for all age groups, although the performance of middle-aged adults was affected more when extended viewing angles were adopted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LCD anisotropy is a limiting factor for visual performance, especially in work settings where fast and accurate reactions are necessary.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcomes of this research allow ergonomic guidelines for electronic reading.
authors: Department of Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Jaegerstr. 17-19, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Oetjen
authors: Martina
authors: M
authors: Ziefle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016880:Anisotropy; D002648:Child; D016288:Computer Terminals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014794:Visual Fields