title: The association of differing measures of overweight and obesity with prevalent atherosclerosis: the Dallas Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to evaluate the associations between different measures of obesity and prevalent atherosclerosis in a large population-based cohort.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although obesity is associated with cardiovascular mortality, it is unclear whether this relationship is mediated by increased atherosclerotic burden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data from the Dallas Heart Study, we assessed the association between gender-specific obesity measures (i.e., body mass index [BMI]; waist circumference [WC]; waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]) and prevalent atherosclerosis defined as coronary artery calcium (CAC) score >10 Agatston units measured by electron-beam computed tomography and detectable aortic plaque measured by magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In univariable analyses (n = 2,744), CAC prevalence was significantly greater only in the fifth versus first quintile of BMI, whereas it increased stepwise across quintiles of WC and WHR (p trend <0.001 for each). After multivariable adjustment for standard risk factors, prevalent CAC was more frequent in the fifth versus first quintile of WHR (odds ratio 1.91, 95% confidence interval 1.30 to 2.80), whereas no independent positive association was observed for BMI or WC. Similar results were observed for aortic plaque in both univariable and multivariable-adjusted analyses. The c-statistic for discrimination of prevalent CAC was greater for WHR compared with BMI and WC in women and men (p < 0.001 vs. BMI; p < 0.01 vs. WC).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We discovered that WHR was independently associated with prevalent atherosclerosis and provided better discrimination than either BMI or WC. The associations between obesity measurements and atherosclerosis mirror those observed between obesity and cardiovascular mortality, suggesting that obesity contributes to cardiovascular mortality via increased atherosclerotic burden.
authors: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9037, USA.
authors: Raphael
authors: R
authors: See
authors: Shuaib M
authors: SM
authors: Abdullah
authors: Darren K
authors: DK
authors: McGuire
authors: Amit
authors: A
authors: Khera
authors: Mahesh J
authors: MJ
authors: Patel
authors: Jason B
authors: JB
authors: Lindsey
authors: Scott M
authors: SM
authors: Grundy
authors: James A
authors: JA
authors: de Lemos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000473:pathology; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio