title: bFGF promotes photoreceptor cell survival in vitro by PKA-mediated inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta and CREB-dependent Bcl-2 up-regulation.
abstract: Although there is substantial evidence supporting the neuroprotective efficacy of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the rodent retina there is no consensus to date as to the protective mechanism involved. We hypothesise that bFGF can assert its neuroprotective effects directly on mouse photoreceptors transduced via the activation of specific intracellular signalling pathways. In mouse photoreceptor-derived 661W cells, bFGF promoted a rapid inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) by phosphorylation at Ser9. The effects of bFGF on GSK3beta were dependent on protein kinase A (PKA) activation, as inhibition of this pathway blocked inactivation. Furthermore, bFGF protection against oxidative stress was dependent on PKA inactivation of GSK3beta as PKA inhibition attenuated bFGF-induced protection. Furthermore, transfection of cells with mutant dominant negative GSK3betaS9A that cannot be phosphorylated on Ser9 also abrogated neuroprotection. Activation of the transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and subsequent up-regulation of Bcl-2 in response to bFGF was also dependent on PKA as inhibition with H-89 attenuated increased pCREB levels and Bcl-2 expression. These results indicate that the protective efficacy of bFGF in mouse photoreceptors involves PKA-dependent inactivation of GSK3beta and subsequent up-regulation of Bcl-2 via CREB activation.
authors: Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Bioscience Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors: Carolyn
authors: C
authors: O'Driscoll
authors: Deborah
authors: D
authors: Wallace
authors: Thomas G
authors: TG
authors: Cotter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C492004:Creb1 protein, mouse; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D012694:Serine; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605507:Gsk3b protein, mouse; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3