title: Staphylococcus aureus peritonitis complicates peritoneal dialysis: review of 245 consecutive cases.
abstract: Peritonitis that is caused by Staphylococcus aureus is a serious complication in peritoneal dialysis (PD), but the clinical course of PD-related S. aureus peritonitis remains unclear. All of the S. aureus peritonitis in a dialysis unit from 1994 to 2005 were reviewed. During this period, 2065 episodes of peritonitis were recorded; 245 (11.9%) episodes in 152 patients were caused by S. aureus and 45 (18.4%) episodes were caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Patients with a history of recent hospitalization had a higher risk for isolation of MRSA than the others (30.6 versus 14.2%; P = 0.004). The overall primary response rate was 87.8%; the complete cure rate was 74.3%. However, 21 (8.6%) episodes developed relapse and 59 (24.1%) developed repeat S. aureus peritonitis. Episodes that were caused by MRSA had a lower primary response rate (64.4 versus 93.0%; P < 0.001) and complete cure rate (60.0 versus 77.5%; P = 0.023) than the others. Episodes that were treated initially with vancomycin had better primary response rate than those that were treated with cefazolin (98.0 versus 85.2%; P = 0.001), but the complete cure rate was similar. Adjuvant rifampicin treatment was associated with a significantly lower risk for relapse or repeat S. aureus peritonitis than was treatment without rifampicin (21.4 versus 42.8%; P = 0.004). In contrast, initial antibiotic regimen (cefazolin versus vancomycin) and concomitant exit-site infection did not have any effect on the risk for relapse or repeat peritonitis. S. aureus peritonitis is a serious complication of PD. Recent hospitalization is a major risk factor of methicillin resistance in the bacterial isolate. Rifampicin is a valuable adjunct in preventing relapse and repeat S. aureus peritonitis after the index episode.
authors: Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. ccszeto@cuhk.edu.hk
authors: Cheuk-Chun
authors: CC
authors: Szeto
authors: Kai-Ming
authors: KM
authors: Chow
authors: Bonnie Ching-Ha
authors: BC
authors: Kwan
authors: Man-Ching
authors: MC
authors: Law
authors: Kwok-Yi
authors: KY
authors: Chung
authors: Samuel
authors: S
authors: Yu
authors: Chi-Bon
authors: CB
authors: Leung
authors: Philip Kam-Tao
authors: PK
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*