Discharge rounds in the 80-hour workweek: importance of the trauma nurse practitioner.
BACKGROUND
Daily multidisciplinary discharge rounds have been shown to decrease length of stay (LOS), increase patient volumes, and virtually eliminates "bypass" (inability to accept admissions). Originally, these were attended by senior house staff from each trauma team. Implementation of the 80-hour workweek precluded house staff participation, raising concerns that these rounds would loss their benefits. Certified nurse practitioners (CRNPs) were added to the trauma teams to assist in patient care and represent the team on discharge rounds, replacing the fellows. We hypothesized that this would offset any potential negative effects.


METHODS
A senior trauma physician leads discharge rounds, focusing on each patient's plan of care. Rounds cover 90 inpatient beds and last approximately 60 minutes. CRNPs from each trauma team, orthopedics, and neurosurgery as well as the teams' discharge planner, hospital bed manager, unit nursing staff, and physical, occupational, and speech therapists participate in discharge rounds.


RESULTS
The results are stratified by time period: June 1998 to May 1999 is before discharge rounds, June 1999 to May 2001 is during the house staff period, and June 2001 to May 2004 is when CRNPs replaced fellows and residents. During the 5-year period, 1999 to 2004, daily discharge rounds maintained their efficacy. We have increased admissions, whereas LOS has remained the same. Admissions of greater than 24 hours have increased, whereas average injury severity score has statistically remained the same. Bypass has virtually been eliminated.


CONCLUSIONS
Adding CRNPs to discharge rounds has allowed us to have the continued benefits of decreased LOS and increased patient volume. Bypass remains rare. CRNPs can effectively replace some house staff functions.
Haan
James M
JM
Department of Trauma/Surgical Critical Care, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA. jhaan@umm.edu
Dutton
Richard P
RP
Willis
Michelle
M
Leone
Susan
S
Kramer
Mary E
ME
Scalea
Thomas M
TM
D016529:Emergency Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D018166:Health Care Reform; D006742:Hospital Bed Capacity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009722:Nurse Practitioners; D024802:Nurse's Role; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011050:Policy Making; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017749:Total Quality Management; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014481:United States; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance; D016526:Workload / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*