title: Metabolic syndrome increases operative mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the metabolic syndrome (MS) on operative mortality after a coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Diabetes and obesity are highly prevalent among patients undergoing CABG. However, it remains unclear whether these factors have a significant impact on operative mortality after this procedure. We hypothesized that the metabolic abnormalities associated with MS could negatively influence the operative outcome of CABG surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the data of 5,304 consecutive patients who underwent an isolated CABG procedure between 2000 and 2004. Of these 5,304 patients, 2,411 (46%) patients met the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for MS. The primary end point was operative mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The operative mortality after CABG surgery was 2.4% in patients with MS and 0.9% in patients without MS (p < 0.0001). The MS was a strong independent predictor of operative mortality (relative risk 3.04 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.73 to 5.32], p = 0.0001). After adjusting for other risk factors, the risk of mortality was increased 2.69-fold (95% CI 1.43 to 5.06; p = 0.002) in patients with MS and diabetes and 2.36-fold (95% CI 1.26 to 4.41; p = 0.007) in patients with MS and no diabetes, whereas it was not significantly increased in the patients with diabetes and no MS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to report that MS is a highly prevalent and powerful risk factor for operative mortality in patients undergoing a CABG surgery. Thus, interventions that could contribute to reduce the prevalence of MS in patients with coronary artery disease or that could acutely modify the metabolic perturbations of MS at the time of CABG might substantially improve survival in these patients.
authors: Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Laval/Institut de Cardiologie de Québec, Quebec, Canada.
authors: Najmeddine
authors: N
authors: Echahidi
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Pibarot
authors: Jean-Pierre
authors: JP
authors: Després
authors: Jean-Marc
authors: JM
authors: Daigle
authors: Dania
authors: D
authors: Mohty
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Voisine
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Baillot
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Mathieu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000401:mortality*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome