title: Diagnosis and treatment of refractive errors in the pediatric population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The diagnosis and successful treatment of visually significant refractive errors in children are a subject of continued study and debate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment of significant refractive errors is widely accepted to reduce lifelong vision loss from amblyopia. Children aged 3-5 years may be screened for unexplained vision loss, refractive errors and amblyogenic factors using traditional eye charts as well as newer modalities such as autorefractors and photoscreeners. The accuracy of various screening methods is variable throughout the literature. Debate remains as to who is best suited to administer vision screening tests. Compliance with follow-up with an eye-care professional once a child is identified with an amblyogenic factor remains suboptimal. Treatment of significant refractive errors in certain populations of pediatric patients with refractive surgery shows promise but requires further study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The timely diagnosis of significant refractive errors in children remains a significant challenge, especially for ages 3-5 years, but treatment may provide significant improvement of visual acuity and quality of life.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, The Childrens Hospital of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80218, USA. Rebeca.SandsBraverman@uchsc.edu
authors: Rebecca
authors: R
authors: Braverman
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*