title: Pulpal cellular reactions to experimental tooth movement in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to study the early cellular reactions of the dental pulp during experimental tooth movement.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total number of 98 male rats were used. Tooth movement was induced for 1 to 168 hours by inserting elastic bands between maxillary first and second molars of animals, which were labeled with tritiated thymidine. Pathologic signs, macrophage content, and proliferation of fibroblasts and endothelial cells were assessed histologically on autoradiographs of second molar pulps. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with Tukey's test as post hoc pairwise comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pathologic signs and macrophage content generally increased with time after the induction of tooth movement. The proliferation of pulpal connective tissue progenitor cells and endothelial cells increased as a reaction to the force application.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Force-induced tooth movement may lead to extensive, however temporary, trauma of the pulpal tissues, which react with early wound-healing events, such as macrophage invasion, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. t.gruenheid@acta.nl
authors: Thorsten
authors: T
authors: Grünheid
authors: Barbara A
authors: BA
authors: Morbach
authors: Andrej
authors: A
authors: Zentner
mesh_terms: D032761:Animal Experimentation; D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000098:blood supply / Q000166:cytology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000473:pathology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008963:Molar / Q000098:blood supply / Q000166:cytology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000473:pathology; D011859:Radiography; D051381:Rats; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000209:etiology; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*