title: The insulinotropic effect of GIP is impaired in patients with chronic pancreatitis and secondary diabetes mellitus as compared to patients with chronic pancreatitis and normal glucose tolerance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incretin effect is reduced and the insulinotropic effect of the incretin hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is abolished in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the causality of this deficiency we investigated 8 patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (fasting plasma glucose (FPG): 5.5 (4.5-6.0) mM (mean (range); HbA(1c): 5.8 (5.4-6.3) %) and 8 patients with CP and secondary diabetes not requiring insulin (FPG: 7.1 (6.0-8.8) mM; HbA(1c): 7.0 (5.8-10.0) %) during three 15-mM hyperglycaemic clamps with continuous iv infusion of saline, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) or GIP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial (0-20 min) insulin and C-peptide responses were enhanced significantly in both groups by GLP-1 and GIP, respectively, compared to saline (P<0.05). In both groups GLP-1 infusion resulted in significantly greater insulin and C-peptide responses from 20-120 min compared with saline infusion. During GIP infusion the late-phase insulin response (20-120 min) was 3.1+/-1.0 fold greater than during saline infusion in the group of patients with CP and NGT (P<0.05), whereas there was no significant differences in patients with CP and DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lack of GIP amplification of the late insulin response to iv glucose develops alongside the deterioration of glucose tolerance in patients with CP, suggesting that the same may be true for the loss of the GIP effect in patients with T2DM.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine F, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. filipknop@dadlnet.dk
authors: Filip K
authors: FK
authors: Knop
authors: Tina
authors: T
authors: Vilsbøll
authors: Patricia V
authors: PV
authors: Højberg
authors: Steen
authors: S
authors: Larsen
authors: Sten
authors: S
authors: Madsbad
authors: Jens J
authors: JJ
authors: Holst
authors: Thure
authors: T
authors: Krarup
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D054795:Incretins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D054795:Incretins; D007328:Insulin; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon