title: Y-chromosome short tandem repeat DYS458.2 non-consensus alleles occur independently in both binary haplogroups J1-M267 and R1b3-M405.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the human Y-chromosome haplogroup backgrounds of non-consensus DYS458.2 short tandem repeat alleles and evaluate their phylogenetic substructure and frequency in representative samples from the Middle East, Europe, and Pakistan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Molecular characterization of lineages was achieved using a combination of Y-chromosome haplogroup defining binary polymorphisms and up to 37 short tandem repeat loci, including DYS388 to construct haplotypes. DNA sequencing of the DYS458 locus and median-joining network analyses were used to evaluate Y-chromosome lineages displaying the DYS458.2 motif.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We showed that the DYS458.2 allelic innovation arose independently on at least two distinctive binary haplogroup backgrounds and possibly a third as well. The partial allele length pattern was fixed in all haplogroup J1 chromosomes examined, including its known rare sub-haplogroups. Within the alternative R1b3 associated M405 defined sub-haplogroup, both DYS458.0 and DYS458.2 allele classes occurred. A single chromosome also allocated to the R1b3-M269*(xM405) classification. The physical position of the partial insertion/deletion occurrence within the normal tetramer tract differed distinctly in each haplogroup context.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While unusual DYS458.2 alleles are informative, additional information for other linked polymorphic loci is required when using such non-conforming alleles to infer haplogroup background and common ancestry.
authors: Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
authors: Natalie M
authors: NM
authors: Myres
authors: Jayne E
authors: JE
authors: Ekins
authors: Alice A
authors: AA
authors: Lin
authors: L Luca
authors: LL
authors: Cavalli-Sforza
authors: Scott R
authors: SR
authors: Woodward
authors: Peter A
authors: PA
authors: Underhill
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics*; D005060:Europe; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010154:Pakistan; D017354:Point Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014421:Turkey
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