title: Oral decitabine reactivates expression of the methylated gamma-globin gene in Papio anubis.
abstract: The silencing of tumor suppressor genes associated with increased DNA methylation of the promoter regions is a frequent observation in many forms of cancer. Reactivation of these genes using pharmacological inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase such as 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine) is a worthwhile therapeutic goal. The effectiveness and tolerability of low-dose intravenous and subcutaneous decitabine regimens to demethylate and reactivate expression of the methylated gamma-globin gene in baboons and in patients with sickle cell disease led to successful trials of low-dose regimens of this drug in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Since these low-dose regimens are well-tolerated with minimal toxicity, they are suitable for chronic dosing to maintain promoter hypomethylation and expression of target genes. The development of an orally administered therapy using DNA methyltransferase inhibitors would facilitate such chronic approaches to therapy. We tested the ability of decitabine and a new salt derivative, decitabine mesylate, to reactivate the methylated gamma-globin gene in baboons when administered orally. Our results demonstrate that oral administration of these drugs at doses 17-34 times optimal subcutaneous doses of decitabine reactivates fetal hemoglobin, demethylates the epsilon- and gamma-globin gene promoters, and increases histone acetylation of these promoters in baboons (Papio anubis).
authors: Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA. dlavelle@uic.edu
authors: Donald
authors: D
authors: Lavelle
authors: Janet
authors: J
authors: Chin
authors: Kestis
authors: K
authors: Vaitkus
authors: Sanjeev
authors: S
authors: Redkar
authors: Pasit
authors: P
authors: Phiasivongsa
authors: Chunlin
authors: C
authors: Tang
authors: Roselle
authors: R
authors: Will
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Hankewych
authors: Bryan
authors: B
authors: Roxas
authors: Mahipal
authors: M
authors: Singh
authors: Yogen
authors: Y
authors: Saunthararajah
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Desimone
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000077209:Decitabine; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D020868:Gene Silencing / Q000187:drug effects*; D005914:Globins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048530:Papio anubis
chemical_list: D000077209:Decitabine; D005914:Globins; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; D001374:Azacitidine