title: Colorectal cancer risks in relatives of young-onset cases: is risk the same across all first-degree relatives?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  During the last 15 years, several single-gene mendelian disorders have been discovered that might account for some of the familial aggregation detected in large population studies of colorectal cancer (CRC). Mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes cause hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer-Lynch syndrome, the most common of the recognized CRC-predisposition syndromes, in which one major feature is a young age for cancer onset. However, for young-onset microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC, the familial risk for CRC is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with CRC who were <50 years old were identified through Minnesota Cancer Surveillance System (MCSS) and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. CRCs in which the DNA MMR function was deficient as evidenced by high level microsatellite instability and/or loss of expression of MMR gene product by immunostaining were excluded. A total of 278 probands (131 from MCSS; 147 from Mayo Clinic) were included. Data on 1862 relatives were collected, of whom 68 were found to have had CRC, and an additional 165 had primary cancers of other types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results program data, relatives of young-onset CRC probands had increased risks for CRC. This relative risk (RR) was increased among first-degree relatives (RR, 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-2.07) and was greater for siblings (RR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.50-4.41) than parents (RR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.14-1.94).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We studied 278 probands with young-onset MSS CRC. We determined that the RR for CRC was greatest in siblings, which is consistent with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors: Lisa A
authors: LA
authors: Boardman
authors: Bruce W
authors: BW
authors: Morlan
authors: Kari G
authors: KG
authors: Rabe
authors: Gloria M
authors: GM
authors: Petersen
authors: Noralane M
authors: NM
authors: Lindor
authors: Sandra K
authors: SK
authors: Nigon
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Goldberg
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Gallinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D053843:DNA Mismatch Repair; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D040582:Inheritance Patterns / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D009154:Mutation; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018426:SEER Program; D035781:Siblings
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm
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