title: Combustion-derived nanoparticles: mechanisms of pulmonary toxicity.
abstract: 1. The general term 'nanoparticle' (NP) is used to define any particle less than 100 nm in at least one dimension and NPs are generally classified as natural, anthropogenic or engineered in origin. Anthropogenic, also referred to as 'ultrafine' particles (UFPs), are predominately combustion derived and are characterized by having an equivalent spherical diameter less than 100 nm. 2. These particles, considered to be 'combustion-derived nanoparticles' (CDNPs), are of toxicological interest given their nanosized dimensions, with properties not displayed by their macroscopic counterparts. 3. The pulmonary deposition efficiency of inhaled UFPs, along with their large surface areas and bound transition metals, is considered important in driving the emerging health effects linked to respiratory toxicity. 4. The toxicology of CDNPs is currently used to predict the health outcomes in humans following exposure to manufactured NPs. Their similar physicochemistry would suggest similar adverse health effects (i.e. pulmonary (and perhaps cardiac) toxicity). As such, it is essential to fully understand CDNP nanotoxicology in order to minimize occupational and environmental exposure.
authors: School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK. berube@cf.ac.uk
authors: Kelly
authors: K
authors: BéruBé
authors: Dominique
authors: D
authors: Balharry
authors: Keith
authors: K
authors: Sexton
authors: Lata
authors: L
authors: Koshy
authors: Tim
authors: T
authors: Jones
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000633:toxicity; D060729:Coal Ash; D005390:Fires; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D053260:Soot
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D060729:Coal Ash; D052638:Particulate Matter; D053260:Soot; D002244:Carbon