title: Long-term patient reported outcome of urinary symptoms after hypospadias surgery: norm related study in adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although there are some reports of the functional outcome after hypospadias surgery, long-term patient reported data on urinary symptoms are sparse. We evaluated the long-term outcome of urinary control in patients with hypospadias who were operated in childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  A detailed questionnaire was mailed to 33 patients with hypospadias who were between 18 and 26 years old and had undergone the first operation at age 6 years or younger, and to 50 age matched controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 22 patients (66.7%) and 38 controls (76.0%) returned the questionnaire. Mean age was 20.6 years in the hypospadias group and 21.0 years in the control group. Of the 22 patients 8 had mild and 11 had severe hypospadias, while severity was unknown in 3. Straight direction of the urinary stream was noted at a similar rate in the hypospadias and control groups (77% and 71%, respectively). Regarding the urinary stream, no subjects in either group reported it as bad or very bad. Of the hypospadias group 95% of subjects and 89% of controls reported mild or no urinary frequency bother. The incidence of individuals who always or mainly voided while standing was similar in the hypospadias and control groups (91% and 84%, respectively). However, 32% of subjects in the hypospadias group reported moderate or severe terminal dribbling, in contrast to only 3% of controls. When subjects with mild and severe hypospadias were compared, 4 of 11 (36%) with severe hypospadias needed to squeeze the urethra after voiding to eliminate residual urine in the urethra, whereas none with mild hypospadias needed to squeeze the urethra.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although patients with hypospadias mostly have good urinary control, terminal dribbling is not uncommon, especially in those with severe hypospadias.
authors: Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo and Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan. k-moriya@med.hokudai.ac.jp
authors: Kimihiko
authors: K
authors: Moriya
authors: Hidehiro
authors: H
authors: Kakizaki
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Tanaka
authors: Takahiko
authors: T
authors: Mitsui
authors: Tsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Furuno
authors: Takeya
authors: T
authors: Kitta
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Higashiyama
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Sano
authors: Katsuya
authors: K
authors: Nonomura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*