title: Acceptability and safety of novel infant porridges containing lyophilized meat powder and iron-fortified wheat flour.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lyophilized meat powder with iron-fortified wheat flour can be used to produce an infant porridge with bioavailable iron, but its acceptability and safety are unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the acceptability and safety of porridges containing lyophilized meat powder and iron-fortified wheat flour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peruvian mothers' input was used to develop porridges without (no meat) and with meat powder (low or high chicken liver, low or high chicken thigh). Acceptability was determined by maternal hedonic scoring, 9-day infant intake, and videotape analysis of how well infants liked each porridge. Dry and cooked porridges and meat ingredients were tested for microorganisms; meats were tested for pesticides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mothers gave higher acceptability scores to the no-meat porridge, followed in order by low and high quantities of meat powder (e.g., mean +/- SD "taste"scores were 4.5 +/- 0.9 for the no-meat, 3.7 +/- 1.1 for the low-liver, and 3.3 +/- 1.1 for the high-liver porridges, p = .0001). Infants' porridge intake did not differ: 61.4 +/- 47.1 g of no-meat, 62.1 +/- 44.9 g of low-thigh, and 67.5 +/- 42.0 g of low-liver (p = .7), as supported by the video analysis. Microbiologic safety was acceptable except for marginally acceptable molds and yeasts in dry ingredients. No pesticide residues were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite mothers' clear preference for no-meat porridges, infants consumed equal amounts of porridges with and without meat. Thus, if mothers can be convinced to feed the meat-containing porridges to the infants despite their own preferences, the infants will consume these porridges. The mold and yeast content of the porridge ingredients must be reduced.
authors: Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA. h.pachon@cgiar.org
authors: Helena
authors: H
authors: Pachón
authors: María Reyna Liria
authors: MR
authors: Domínguez
authors: Hilary
authors: H
authors: Creed-Kanashiro
authors: Rebecca J
authors: RJ
authors: Stoltzfus
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005518:Food Preferences; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000592:standards*; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D010568:Peru; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D019266:Iron, Dietary