title: Cardiac micro-computed tomography for morphological and functional phenotyping of muscle LIM protein null mice.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) for morphological and functional phenotyping of muscle LIM protein (MLP) null mice and to compare micro-CT with M-mode echocardiography. MLP null mice and controls were imaged using both micro-CT and M-mode echocardiography. For micro-CT, we used a custom-built scanner. Following a single intravenous injection of a blood pool contrast agent (Fenestra VC, ART Advanced Research Technologies, Saint-Laurent, QC) and using a cardiorespiratory gating, we acquired eight phases of the cardiac cycle (every 15 ms) and reconstructed three-dimensional data sets with 94-micron isotropic resolution. Wall thickness and volumetric measurements of the left ventricle were performed, and cardiac function was estimated. Micro-CT and M-mode echocardiography showed both morphological and functional aspects that separate MLP null mice from controls. End-diastolic and -systolic volumes were increased significantly three- and fivefold, respectively, in the MLP null mice versus controls. Ejection fraction was reduced by an average of 32% in MLP null mice. The data analysis shows that two imaging modalities provided different results partly owing to the difference in anesthesia regimens. Other sources of errors for micro-CT are also analyzed. Micro-CT can provide the four-dimensional data (three-dimensional isotropic volumes over time) required for morphological and functional phenotyping in mice.
authors: Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. chris@orion.duhs.duke.edu
authors: Cristian T
authors: CT
authors: Badea
authors: Laurence W
authors: LW
authors: Hedlund
authors: Julie F Boslego
authors: JF
authors: Mackel
authors: Lan
authors: L
authors: Mao
authors: Howard A
authors: HA
authors: Rockman
authors: G Allan
authors: GA
authors: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D003971:Diastole; D004452:Echocardiography; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000172:deficiency*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; C090114:cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3
references: J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2001;3(4):311-5
references: 11777222
references: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2000 Dec;279(6):H3101-12
references: 11087268
references: Cardiovasc Res. 2003 Aug 1;59(2):400-11
references: 12909323
references: Med Phys. 2004 Dec;31(12):3324-9
references: 15651615
references: Circulation. 2000 Jun 13;101(23):2674-7
references: 10851202
references: Lancet. 1986 Feb 8;1(8476):307-10
references: 2868172
references: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2003 Dec;18(6):691-701
references: 14635154
references: Am J Physiol. 1997 Nov;273(5 Pt 2):H2520-7
references: 9374792
references: Cell. 1997 Feb 7;88(3):393-403
references: 9039266
references: Cell. 1994 Oct 21;79(2):221-31
references: 7954791
references: Magn Reson Med. 2003 Jul;50(1):69-74
references: 12815680
references: Acad Radiol. 1998 Apr;5 Suppl 1:S16-9; discussion S28-30
references: 9561034
references: Cell. 2002 Dec 27;111(7):943-55
references: 12507422
references: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2004 Feb;19(2):229-37
references: 14745758
references: Mol Imaging. 2005 Apr-Jun;4(2):110-6
references: 16105509
references: Med Image Anal. 2003 Sep;7(3):369-75
references: 12946475
references: Toxicol Pathol. 2006;34(1):111-7
references: 16507552
references: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2001 Jun;280(6):H2665-73
references: 11356623
references: Basic Res Cardiol. 2006 Jan;101(1):87-95
references: 16132173
references: J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2006;8(2):327-33
references: 16669175
references: FASEB J. 2005 Jan;19(1):79-81
references: 15494447
references: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006 Feb;186(2):300-7
references: 16423931
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Jun 9;95(12):7000-5
references: 9618528
references: Circulation. 2004 Sep 21;110(12):1632-7
references: 15364813
references: J Nucl Med. 2003 Oct;44(10):1662
references: 14530483
references: ILAR J. 2002;43(3):159-74
references: 12105383
references: J Opt Soc Am. 1948 Feb;38(2):196-208
references: 18901781
references: Aviat Space Environ Med. 1975 Sep;46(9):1164-9
references: 1164357
references: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2000 Dec;32(12):2385-95
references: 11113014
references: Magn Reson Med. 1998 Jul;40(1):43-8
references: 9660551
references: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2000 Feb;278(2):H652-7
references: 10666098