title: The effect of obesity on treatment efficacy in children with nocturnal enuresis and voiding dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity continues to be a leading public health concern in the United States. Our previous studies have suggested that there is a high rate of obesity in children with dysfunctional voiding, especially nocturnal enuresis. We investigated the correlation between body mass index and the efficacy of treatment in obese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated retrospectively records from patients seen with a diagnosis of nocturnal enuresis or dysfunctional voiding between January 2004 and July 2005. Bladder and bowel symptoms and urinary diary data were evaluated, and body mass index percentile was determined. Response to treatment was evaluated and correlated with body mass index percentile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated 250 children, of whom 96 (38%) had nocturnal enuresis and 154 (62%) had dysfunctional voiding. Body mass index was normal in about half of the patients, and half were above the 85th percentile for body mass index. Patients with a body mass index above the 85th percentile had a reduced response to therapy. After treatment patients with a normal body mass index had a lower nocturnal accident frequency than those above the 85th percentile. Similarly, in those with voiding dysfunction the response rate was 65% in association with a normal body mass index vs 35% with a high body mass index. Furthermore, patients with a normal body mass index had a significantly higher rate of completing a urinary diary compared to those with a high body mass index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obesity correlates with a lower voiding diary completion rate and lower efficacy of treatment in children with nocturnal enuresis or dysfunctional voiding.
authors: Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA.
authors: Ahmet
authors: A
authors: Guven
authors: Karla
authors: K
authors: Giramonti
authors: Barry A
authors: BA
authors: Kogan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016312:Treatment Refusal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin