title: Effects of daunorubicin on ganglioside expression and neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells.
abstract: Gangliosides are implicated in neuronal development processes. The regulation of ganglioside levels is closely related to the induction of neuronal cell differentiation. In this study, the relationship between ganglioside expression and neuronal cell development was investigated using an in vitro model of neural differentiation from mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells. Daunorubicin (DNR) was applied to induce the expression of gangliosides in embryoid body (EB) (4+). We observed an increase in expression of gangliosides in all stages of EBs by treatment of DNR (2microM). High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) showed that gangliosides GD3, GD1a, GT1b, and GQ1b increased in DNR-treated 7-day-old EB (4+) [EB (4+):7]. DNR treatment significantly increased the expression of gangliosides, especially GT1b and GQ1b in comparison to control cells. Interestingly, GQ1b co-localized with microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) expressing cells in DNR-treated EB (4+):7. The co-localization of GQ1b and MAP-2 was found in neurite-bearing cells in DNR-treated 15-day-old EB (4+) [EB (4+):15], whereas no significant expression of GQ1b and less neurite formation were observed in untreated control. Also, the expression of synaptophysin and NF200, both neuronal markers associated with neruites, was increased by DNR treatment. These results demonstrate that DNR increases expression of gangliosides, especially GQ1b, in differentiating neuronal cells. Further, neurite-bearing neuronal cell differentiation can be facilitated by DNR, possibly through the induction of gangliosides. Thus, the present data suggest that DNR is beneficial for facilitating neuronal differentiation from ES cells and among the gangliosides analyzed in the present study, GQ1b is mainly involved in neurite formation.
authors: Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, 344-2 Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors: Dae-Hoon
authors: DH
authors: Lee
authors: Deog-Bon
authors: DB
authors: Koo
authors: Kinarm
authors: K
authors: Ko
authors: Kisung
authors: K
authors: Ko
authors: Sun-Mi
authors: SM
authors: Kim
authors: Ji-Ung
authors: JU
authors: Jung
authors: Jae-Sung
authors: JS
authors: Ryu
authors: Jung-Woo
authors: JW
authors: Jin
authors: Hyo-Jung
authors: HJ
authors: Yang
authors: Su-Il
authors: SI
authors: Do
authors: Kyu-Yong
authors: KY
authors: Jung
authors: Young-Kug
authors: YK
authors: Choo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D005732:Gangliosides; C021298:ganglioside, GD1a; C016481:trisialoganglioside GT1; C026226:ganglioside, GD3; C039129:GQ1b ganglioside; D003630:Daunorubicin