title: CSF metabolic and proteomic profiles in patients prodromal for psychosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The initial prodromal state of psychosis (IPS) is defined as an early disease stage prior to the onset of overt psychosis characterized by sub-threshold or more unspecific psychiatric symptoms. Little is known regarding the biochemical changes during this period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We investigated the metabolic/proteomic profiles of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of first-onset drug naïve paranoid schizophrenia patients (n = 54) and individuals presenting with initial prodromal symptoms (n = 24), alongside healthy volunteers (n = 70) using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) spectroscopy and surface enhanced laser desorption ionization (SELDI) mass spectrometry, respectively. Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that 36%/29% of IPS patients displayed proteomic/metabolic profiles characteristic of first-onset, drug naïve schizophrenia, i.e., changes in levels of glucose and lactate as well as changes in a VGF-derived peptide (VGF23-62) and transthyretin protein concentrations. However, only 29% (n = 7) of the investigated IPS patients (who to date have been followed up for up to three years) have so far received a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The presence of biochemical alterations in the IPS group did not correlate with the risk to develop schizophrenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results imply that schizophrenia-related biochemical disease processes can be traced in CSF of prodromal patients. However, the biochemical disturbances identified in IPS patients, at least when measured at a single time point, may not be sufficient to predict clinical outcome.
authors: Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Jeffrey T-J
authors: JT
authors: Huang
authors: F Markus
authors: FM
authors: Leweke
authors: Tsz M
authors: TM
authors: Tsang
authors: Dagmar
authors: D
authors: Koethe
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Kranaster
authors: Christoph W
authors: CW
authors: Gerth
authors: Sonja
authors: S
authors: Gross
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Schreiber
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Ruhrmann
authors: Frauke
authors: F
authors: Schultze-Lutter
authors: Joachim
authors: J
authors: Klosterkötter
authors: Elaine
authors: E
authors: Holmes
authors: Sabine
authors: S
authors: Bahn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome / Q000502:physiology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D011228:Prealbumin / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D020543:Proteome / Q000502:physiology*; D040901:Proteomics; D012563:Schizophrenia, Paranoid / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D011228:Prealbumin; D020543:Proteome; C522413:VGF peptide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D005947:Glucose
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