title: The effect of aprotinin on brain ischemic-reperfusion injury after hemorrhagic shock in rats: an experimental study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to demonstrate the positive effects of the serine protease inhibitor aprotinin on neural ischemia-reperfusion injury and apoptosis in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 18 rats divided into 3 groups: group A (sham, n = 6), group B (ischemia-reperfusion, n = 6), and group C (ischemia-reperfusion + aprotinin, n = 6). The systolic blood pressure of the group B and C rats was decreased to 40% to 50% of the normal level by taking blood from the femoral vein to develop hemorrhagic shock. The blood was retained and given to the remaining group B and C rats for reperfusion 20 minutes after the procedure. In group B, isotonic solution and, in group C, aprotinin was administered to the rats 5 minutes before reperfusion. After the rats were killed, the brain tissue samples were fixed for histopathologic examination. Brain tissue superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and tissue myeloperoxidase level and apoptotic cell analyses were performed in all groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Superoxide dismutase level decreased from group A to group B and increased from group B to group C (p < 0.05). Malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels and apoptotic cells increased from group A to group B and decreased from group B to group C (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the systemic use of aprotinin in ischemic neural tissue prevents reperfusion injury and also protects the morphologic, functional, and biochemical integrity of the neural tissue.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. drolcayeser@hotmail.com
authors: Olcay
authors: O
authors: Eser
authors: Erdal
authors: E
authors: Kalkan
authors: Murat
authors: M
authors: Cosar
authors: Sadik
authors: S
authors: Buyukbas
authors: Mustafa Cihat
authors: MC
authors: Avunduk
authors: Adem
authors: A
authors: Aslan
authors: Volkan
authors: V
authors: Kocabas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D007611:Aprotinin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D011336:Probability; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012016:Reference Values; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007611:Aprotinin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase