title: Spatio-temporal prediction and inference by V1 neurons.
abstract: In normal vision, visual scenes are predictable, as they are both spatially and temporally redundant. Evidence suggests that the visual system may use the spatio-temporal regularities of the external world, available in the retinal signal, to extract information from the visual environment and better reconstruct current and future stimuli. We studied this by recording neuronal responses of primary visual cortex (area V1) in anaesthetized and paralysed macaques during the presentation of dynamic sequences of bars, in which spatio-temporal regularities and local information were independently manipulated. Most V1 neurons were significantly modulated by events prior to and distant from stimulation of their classical receptive fields (CRFs); many were more strongly tuned to prior and distant events than they were to CRFs bars; and several showed tuning to prior information without any CRF stimulation. Hence, V1 neurons do not simply analyse local contours, but impute local features to the visual world, on the basis of prior knowledge of a visual world in which useful information can be distributed widely in space and time.
authors: Department of Psychology, Henry Wellcome Building for Neuroecology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors: Kun
authors: K
authors: Guo
authors: Robert G
authors: RG
authors: Robertson
authors: Maribel
authors: M
authors: Pulgarin
authors: Angel
authors: A
authors: Nevado
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Panzeri
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Thiele
authors: Malcolm P
authors: MP
authors: Young
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000502:physiology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008839:Microelectrodes; D009039:Motion Perception / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013998:Time Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology