title: Osteotropic Peptide that differentiates functional domains of the skeleton.
abstract: HPMA copolymer-d-aspartic acid octapeptide (D-Asp8) conjugates have been found to target the entire skeleton after systemic administration. In a recent study using the ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis, we surprisingly discovered that D-Asp8 would favorably recognize resorption sites in skeletal tissues, while another bone-targeting moiety, alendronate (ALN), directs the delivery system to both formation and resorption sites. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses reveal that ALN has a stronger binding force to hydroxyapatite (HA) than D-Asp8. In vitro HA binding studies indicate that D-Asp8 is more sensitive to change of HA crystallinity than ALN. Because the bone apatite in the newly formed bone (formation sites) usually has lower crystallinity than the resorption sites (mainly mature bone), we believe that the favorable recognition of D-Asp8 to the bone resorption sites could be attributed to its relatively weak binding to apatite, when compared to bisphosphonates, and the different levels of crystallinity of bone apatite at different functional domains of the skeleton.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6025, USA.
authors: Dong
authors: D
authors: Wang
authors: Scott C
authors: SC
authors: Miller
authors: Luda S
authors: LS
authors: Shlyakhtenko
authors: Alexander M
authors: AM
authors: Portillo
authors: Xin-Ming
authors: XM
authors: Liu
authors: Kongnara
authors: K
authors: Papangkorn
authors: Pavla
authors: P
authors: Kopecková
authors: Yuri
authors: Y
authors: Lyubchenko
authors: William I
authors: WI
authors: Higuchi
authors: Jindrich
authors: J
authors: Kopecek
mesh_terms: D019386:Alendronate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001665:Binding Sites; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000473:pathology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000737:chemistry; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000473:pathology*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D012863:Skeleton; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D009842:Oligopeptides; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D017886:Durapatite; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D019386:Alendronate