title: Angiotensin II is a critical mediator of prazosin-induced angiogenesis in skeletal muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether a high-salt diet modulates physiological angiogenesis in skeletal muscle by altering angiotensin II (ANGII) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a control diet (0.4% NaCl by weight) or high-salt diet (4.0% NaCl) prior to treatment with the vasodilator prazosin in the drinking water. In addition, a group of animals fed high salt were infused intravenously with ANGII at a low dose to prevent ANGII suppression by high salt, and a group of rats fed control diet were treated with the angiotensin II type I (AT(1)) receptor blocker losartan and prazosin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prazosin induced significant angiogenesis in the tibialis anterior muscle after 1 week of treatment. High-salt-fed rats demonstrated a complete inhibition of this angiogenic response. Maintenance of ANGII levels restored prazosin-induced angiogenesis in animals fed a high-salt diet. In addition, losartan treatment blocked prazosin-induced angiogenesis in animals on a control diet. Western blot analysis indicated that prazosin-induced angiogenesis was independent of changes in muscle levels of VEGF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates an inhibitory effect of high salt intake on prazosin-induced angiogenesis. Further, these results indicate that ANGII acting through the AT(1) receptor is a critical pathway in this model of angiogenesis.
authors: Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
authors: Matthew C
authors: MC
authors: Petersen
authors: Andrew S
authors: AS
authors: Greene
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D019808:Losartan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D011224:Prazosin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D019808:Losartan; D011224:Prazosin
references: Cardiovasc Res. 2002 Jul;55(1):190-200
references: 12062722
references: Hypertension. 2002 Mar 1;39(3):830-5
references: 11897773
references: Kidney Int. 2002 Aug;62(2):422-33
references: 12110003
references: Dev Dyn. 2002 Aug;224(4):391-402
references: 12203731
references: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003 May;284(5):H1528-35
references: 12521947
references: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004 Feb;286(2):H575-83
references: 14527935
references: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004 Nov;287(5):H2300-8
references: 15231496
references: Am J Physiol. 1993 Jun;264(6 Pt 2):H1810-6
references: 8322909
references: Microvasc Res. 1995 Mar;49(2):180-9
references: 7603355
references: Am J Physiol. 1995 Oct;269(4 Pt 2):H1407-14
references: 7485574
references: Hypertension. 1996 Mar;27(3 Pt 2):760-5
references: 8613237
references: Hypertension. 1997 Jul;30(1 Pt 1):120-7
references: 9231831
references: J Surg Res. 1997 Sep;72(1):29-35
references: 9344711
references: Microvasc Res. 1998 Mar;55(2):165-74
references: 9521891
references: Cell Tissue Res. 1998 Aug;293(2):293-303
references: 9662652
references: J Appl Physiol (1985). 1999 May;86(5):1513-8
references: 10233112
references: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Feb 25;327(4):971-8
references: 15652490
references: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005 Jul;289(1):H336-43
references: 15734877
references: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006 Feb;290(2):H512-6
references: 16199473
references: J Physiol. 2006 Feb 1;570(Pt 3):445-54
references: 16293647
references: Microvasc Res. 2006 Jan;71(1):20-31
references: 16337972
references: Clin Sci (Lond). 2006 May;110(5):587-95
references: 16402918
references: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006 Jul;291(1):H114-20
references: 16461372
references: Microcirculation. 2006 Sep;13(6):499-509
references: 16864416
references: Exp Physiol. 2000 Sep;85(5):567-73
references: 11038408
references: Circ Res. 2001 Jan 19;88(1):22-9
references: 11139469
references: Cardiovasc Res. 2001 Feb 16;49(3):634-46
references: 11166277
references: Hypertension. 2001 Feb;37(2 Pt 2):386-90
references: 11230305
references: Microcirculation. 2001 Feb;8(1):57-67
references: 11296854
references: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2001 Sep;281(3):H1163-9
references: 11514283
references: Microcirculation. 2001 Aug;8(4):229-41
references: 11528531
references: Am J Ophthalmol. 2001 Oct;132(4):587-9
references: 11589891
references: Physiol Genomics. 2001 Oct 10;7(1):55-63
references: 11595792
references: Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Jan;135(1):87-92
references: 11786483
references: J Clin Invest. 2002 Mar;109(5):603-11
references: 11877468
references: Lab Invest. 2002 Jun;82(6):747-56
references: 12065685