title: Differential modulation of bovine epididymal activity by oxytocin and noradrenaline.
abstract: Passage of spermatozoa through the epididymis and emission of sperm during ejaculation are based on spontaneous and induced contractions of epididymal peritubular muscle layers. This study deals with the ejaculation-relevant factors noradrenaline (NA) and oxytocin (OT) and their contractile effects in the course of the bovine epididymal duct. Muscle tension recording revealed excitatory effects of NA in all duct regions. A peculiarity was found in a duct section between the mid-cauda and ductus deferens, where the responsiveness to NA was particularly faint in comparison with the adjacent regions. NA-induced contraction was primarily mediated by postjunctional alpha(2)-adrenoceptors (ADRA) in the caput and corpus regions, and by alpha(1)-ADRA in the cauda region. Contrary to NA, OT exerted regionally varying effects. The peptide induced contraction in intact and epithelium-denuded caput as well as in epithelium-denuded corpus segments but had a relaxant net effect in intact corpus and proximal cauda segments. Within the mid-cauda, OT evoked strong contraction, which progressively decreased distally. Receptor specificity of the epididymal OT effects was verified using the selective OT receptor (OTR) agonist [Thr(4),Gly(7)]OT and vasopressin. OTR immunoreactivity was detected in the epididymal peritubular muscle wall and epithelial principal cells. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the presence of OTR in all duct regions. In summary, different contractile responses to OT and NA occur in the course of the epididymal duct, possibly preventing excessive sperm transport through the corpus and serving orthograde emission of sperm during ejaculation.
authors: Institut für Vegetative Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, UKE, Universität Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany. mewe@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Mewe
authors: Iris
authors: I
authors: Wulfsen
authors: Ralf
authors: R
authors: Middendorff
authors: Christiane K
authors: CK
authors: Bauer
mesh_terms: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; D058669:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D004542:Ejaculation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004822:Epididymis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011224:Prazosin / Q000494:pharmacology; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D018045:Receptors, Oxytocin / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; D058669:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; D018045:Receptors, Oxytocin; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D015016:Yohimbine; D010121:Oxytocin; D009638:Norepinephrine; D011224:Prazosin