title: Nontarget deposition and losses of oxamyl in surface runoff from flatwoods citrus production areas.
abstract: Pesticide export from citrus production areas is a concern in the Indian River Lagoon drainage basin (Florida, USA). These studies evaluated nontarget deposition and losses of the insecticide oxamyl from typical flatwoods citrus production areas in South Florida. Deposition was estimated with the use of Teflon spray targets placed across nontarget water furrows during spray applications. After oxamyl applications, surface water runoff events were generated with an overhead irrigation system to simulate relatively low intensity rainfall. Results indicated that 0.3 to 20.0% of the applied active ingredient landed on nontarget water furrow surfaces and that the majority of oxamyl loss occurs in runoff events shortly following application. Mean concentrations were greater during the first runoff events, ranging from 34.7 to 47.0 microg/L. Total losses during the first several hours of each set of runoff events ranged from 0.1 to 3.8% of the total active ingredient applied. Similar losses can be expected when rainfall occurs shortly after application for other pesticides with similar chemical properties and application methods.
authors: University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences-Indian River Research and Education Center, Soil and Water Science Department, 2199 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, USA. pcwilson@mail.ifas.ufl.edu
authors: Patrick Chris
authors: PC
authors: Wilson
authors: Brian
authors: B
authors: Boman
authors: Jane Ferguson
authors: JF
authors: Foos
mesh_terms: D002219:Carbamates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002957:Citrus; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C011960:oxamyl