Central giant cell granuloma of the jaw: a review of the literature with emphasis on therapy options.
Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign lesion of the jaws with an unknown etiology. Clinically and radiologically, a differentiation between aggressive and non-aggressive lesions can be made. The incidence in the general population is very low and patients are generally younger than 30 years. Histologically identical lesions occur in patients with known genetic defects such as cherubism, Noonan syndrome, or neurofibromatosis type 1. Surgical curettage or, in aggressive lesions, resection, is the most common therapy. However, when using surgical curettage, undesirable damage to the jaw or teeth and tooth germs is often unavoidable and recurrences are frequent. Therefore, alternative therapies such as injection of corticosteroids in the lesion or subcutaneous administration of calcitonin or interferon alpha are described in several case reports with variable success. Unfortunately, randomized clinical trials are very rare or nonexistent. In the future, new and theoretically promising therapy options, such as imatinib and OPG/AMG 162, will be available for these patients.
de Lange
Jan
J
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Academic Medical Center and Academic Center for Dentistry (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. lotte.jan@wxs.nl
van den Akker
Hans P
HP
van den Berg
Henk
H
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017677:Age Distribution; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001549:Benzamides; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069448:Denosumab; D018212:Giant Cell Tumor of Bone / Q000473:pathology; D006101:Granuloma, Giant Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D007372:Interferons / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007571:Jaw Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053245:RANK Ligand; D013357:Subgingival Curettage
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D010879:Piperazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D053245:RANK Ligand; D000069448:Denosumab; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D002116:Calcitonin; D007372:Interferons