title: Association of neocortical volume changes with cognitive deterioration in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously reported selective decreases of neocortical volumes in patients with early relapsing-remitting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS) with mild cognitive impairment, with a good correlation between cortical volumes and cognitive measures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relevance of gray matter changes over time to changes in cognition in RRMS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal survey after 2.5 years. Each patient underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol identical to that performed at baseline; cognitive performance was reassessed with the Rao Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests in Multiple Sclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two university MS clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 41 patients with RRMS who participated in the original cross-sectional study, 28 were available for the follow-up evaluation (18 women; mean +/- SD age, 37.1 +/- 8.9 years; mean +/- SD MS duration, 7.3 +/- 2.9 years; mean +/- SD Expanded Disability Status Scale score, 1.8 +/- 1.5).
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the percentage of brain volume changes, normalized cortical volume (NCV) changes, and normalized deep gray matter volume changes on conventional T1-weighted MRIs and changes in lesion load on T2-weighted MRIs. The number of tests failed on the Rao Brief Repeatable Battery were used to classify the patients as cognitively deteriorating or stable or improving.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 12 of 28 cognitively deteriorating and 16 of 28 stable or improving patients. These subgroups did not differ in the mean +/- SD percentage of brain volume changes (-2.1% +/- 1.2% vs -1.3% +/- 1.3%; P = .11), normalized deep gray matter volume changes (-2.1 +/- 2.8 mL vs -0.6 +/- 3.1 mL; P = .60), and changes in lesion load on T2-weighted MRIs (1.9 +/- 2.6 mL vs 1.6 +/- 2.3 mL; P = .73). However, NCV changes were significantly higher in deteriorating than in stable or improving patients (-43.0 +/- 18.9 mL vs -17.8 +/- 26.6 mL; P = .007). In deteriorating patients, NCV changes were correlated with performance in a verbal fluency test (r = 0.73; P < .001). In a regression model, only NCV changes were significantly associated with deteriorating cognitive performance (odds ratio, 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.7-0.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Progressive neocortical gray matter loss is relevant to MS-associated cognitive impairment and may represent a sensitive marker of deteriorating cognitive performance in RRMS.
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni, 85-50134 Florence, Italy. mariapia.amato@unifi.it
authors: Maria Pia
authors: MP
authors: Amato
authors: Emilio
authors: E
authors: Portaccio
authors: Benedetta
authors: B
authors: Goretti
authors: Valentina
authors: V
authors: Zipoli
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Battaglini
authors: Maria Letizia
authors: ML
authors: Bartolozzi
authors: Maria Laura
authors: ML
authors: Stromillo
authors: Leonello
authors: L
authors: Guidi
authors: Gianfranco
authors: G
authors: Siracusa
authors: Sandro
authors: S
authors: Sorbi
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Federico
authors: Nicola
authors: N
authors: De Stefano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000523:psychology*; D019579:Neocortex / Q000473:pathology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010487:Periaqueductal Gray / Q000473:pathology