Physiological stress induces the metastasis marker AGR2 in breast cancer cells.
As an approach to understanding the factors that activate expression of tumor progression genes, the role of physiological stress in the activation of a panel of tumor cell markers was investigated. These studies identify the developmental gene product, anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) as a cancer cell marker specifically up-regulated in response to depletion of serum and oxygen. AGR2 has been identified as a tumor marker in primary and secondary cancer lesions, and as a marker for detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Elevated levels of AGR2 are known to increase the metastatic potential of cancer cells, but conditions leading to increased expression of AGR2 are not well understood. The present results identify novel physiological parameters likely to contribute to AGR2 induction in situ.
Zweitzig
Daniel R
DR
Temple University School of Medicine, Fels Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. danielz@temple.edu
Smirnov
Denis A
DA
Connelly
Mark C
MC
Terstappen
Leon W M M
LW
O'Hara
S Mark
SM
Moran
Elizabeth
E
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D009088:Mucoproteins; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000473:pathology*; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
C502296:AGR2 protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D017931:DNA Primers; C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D009088:Mucoproteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D010100:Oxygen
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