title: Influence of the Hofmeister series of anions on the molecular organization of positively ionized monolayers of a viologen derivative.
abstract: The effects of the Hofmeister series of ions are ubiquitous in chemistry and biology. In this paper specific ion effects on the surface behavior of a viologen dication, namely 1,1(')-dioctadecyl-4,4(')-bipyridilium, are shown. Surface pressure and surface potential vs area isotherms were obtained on aqueous subphases containing potassium salts with several representative counterions in the Hofmeister series (C6H5O3-7, SO2 -4, HPO2-4, Cl-, Br-, NO-3, I-, and ClO-4). The parameters obtained from the compression isotherms (area per molecule, phase transitions, Young modulus, initial surface potential, and variation of the surface potential upon compression) are dependent on the nature of the counterion, indicating ion specificity. Aqueous subphases containing C6H5O3-7, SO2-4, and HPO2-4 anions yield more expanded viologen monolayers and these anions do not effectively penetrate into the monolayer. Brewster angle microscopy was used to map the different phases of the viologen monolayers at the air-water interface. The Langmuir films were also characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, with quantitative analysis of the reflection spectra supporting an organizational model in which the viologen chromophore undergoes a gradual transition to a more vertical position with respect to the water surface upon compression. A comparison of the tilt angles of the viologen on the different subphases indicates that anions that can more easily penetrate in the monolayer permit the viologen moieties to adopt a slightly more vertical position with respect to the water surface.
authors: Departamento de Química Orgánica-Química Física, Area de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors: Ignacio
authors: I
authors: Giner
authors: Gorka
authors: G
authors: Pera
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Lafuente
authors: María Carmen
authors: MC
authors: López
authors: Pilar
authors: P
authors: Cea
mesh_terms: D000838:Anions; D002412:Cations; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011312:Pressure; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014755:Viologens / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D002412:Cations; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D014755:Viologens