title: Effect of posterior capsule tightness on glenohumeral translation in the late-cocking phase of pitching.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Throwing injuries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of posterior capsule tightness on humeral head position in late cocking simulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight fresh frozen shoulders were placed in position of "late cocking," 90 degrees abduction, and 10 degrees adduction and maximal external rotation. 3D measurements of humeral head relationship to the glenoid were taken with an infrared motion sensor, both before and after suture plication of the posterior capsule. Plications of 20% posterior/inferior capsule and 20% entire posterior capsule were performed, followed by plications of 40% of the posterior/inferior capsule and 40% entire posterior capsule.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cadaver Lab.
  
  
  METHODS
  Posterior capsular placation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Humeral head position.
  
  
  RESULTS
  40%, but not 20%, posterior/inferior and posterior plications demonstrated a trend to increased posterior-superior humeral head translation relative to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgically created posterior capsular tightness of the glenohumeral joint demonstrated a nonsignificant trend to increased posterior/superior humeral head translation in the late cocking position of throwing.
authors: Bucks Orthopedic Surgery Associates, Levittown, PA, USA.
authors: Kim M
authors: KM
authors: Clabbers
authors: John D
authors: JD
authors: Kelly
authors: Dov
authors: D
authors: Bader
authors: Mathew
authors: M
authors: Eager
authors: Carl
authors: C
authors: Imhauser
authors: Sorin
authors: S
authors: Siegler
authors: Ray A
authors: RA
authors: Moyer
mesh_terms: D001484:Baseball / Q000502:physiology*; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D017746:Joint Capsule / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D012399:Rotation; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology*