title: Circulating levels of cytokines during pregnancy: thrombopoietin is elevated in miscarriage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the hypothesis that cytokine levels are associated with miscarriage risk using serum samples collected before report of miscarriage.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nested case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biospecimens from the multisite Collaborative Perinatal Project, University of Florida, laboratory assessment of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, thrombopoietin (TPO), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases of miscarriage (n = 439) were matched to controls (n = 373) by gestational age at sample collection.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Miscarriage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased risk of miscarriage was associated with elevated TPO (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.36) and decreased G-CSF (adjusted OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64-0.95). When analysis was restricted to samples collected more than 35 days before miscarriage, the effect of G-CSF was not observed (adjusted OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.72-1.28), whereas increased risk related to higher TPO remained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating levels of TPO may be associated with increased risk of miscarriage.
authors: Epidemiology Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Insttutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA.
authors: Brian W
authors: BW
authors: Whitcomb
authors: Enrique F
authors: EF
authors: Schisterman
authors: Mark A
authors: MA
authors: Klebanoff
authors: Mona
authors: M
authors: Baumgarten
authors: Xiaoping
authors: X
authors: Luo
authors: Nasser
authors: N
authors: Chegini
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000097:blood; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood; D008423:Maternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013926:Thrombopoietin / Q000097:blood*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007378:Interleukins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D013926:Thrombopoietin
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