title: Thyroid cancer in toxic and non-toxic multinodular goiter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many authors have claimed that hyperthyroidism protects against thyroid cancer and believed that the incidence of malignancy is lower in patients with toxic multinodular goiter (TMG) than in those with non-toxic multinodular goiter. But in recent studies, it was reported that the incidence of malignancy with TMG is not as low as previously thought.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the thyroid cancer incidence in patients with toxic and non-toxic multinodular goiter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histology reports of patients treated surgically with a preoperative diagnosis of toxic and non-toxic multinodular goiter were reviewed to identify the thyroid cancer incidence. Patients having a history of neck irradiation or radioactive iodine therapy were excluded from the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 294 patients operated between 2001-2005 from toxic and non-toxic multinodular goiter. One hundred and twenty-four of them were toxic and 170 were non-toxic. Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed by elevated tri-iodothyroinine / thyroxine ratios and low thyroid-stimulating hormone with clinical signs and symptoms. All patients were evaluated with ultrasonography and scintigraphy and fine needle aspiration biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Significance of the various parameters was calculated by using ANOVA test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of malignancy was 9% in the toxic and 10.58% in the non-toxic multinodular goiter group. Any significant difference in the incidence of cancer and tumor size between the two groups could not be detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of malignancy in toxic multinodular goiter is not very low as thought earlier and is nearly the same in non-toxic multinodular goiter.
authors: Department of General Surgery, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. celalcerci@yahoo.com
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Cerci
authors: S S
authors: SS
authors: Cerci
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Eroglu
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Dede
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Kapucuoglu
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Yildiz
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Bulbul
mesh_terms: D018249:Adenoma, Oxyphilic / Q000473:pathology; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000473:pathology; D018265:Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006044:Goiter, Nodular / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*