title: Poor intentional inhibition in individuals predisposed to hallucinations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intentional inhibition deficits have been found in hallucinating individuals with schizophrenia using the Inhibition of Currently Irrelevant Memories (ICIM) task. This study sought to investigate whether similar difficulties are found in healthy individuals predisposed to hallucinations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale-Revised (LSHS-R) was completed by 589 undergraduate students, from which high- and low-predisposed groups were drawn. On the ICIM task, participants were asked to identify within-run picture repetitions, requiring them to inhibit memory traces of the same items seen in previous runs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the low LSHS-R group, the high LSHS-R group showed significantly increased false alarms on critical "inhibitory" runs (incorrectly identifying previous-run items as within-run repetitions), but no group differences were found in first-run false alarms or in the identification of within-run targets. These results were specific to hallucination predisposition and could not be explained by other schizophrenia-related characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals predisposed to hallucinations show subtle, though consistent difficulties with intentional inhibition similar to patients with hallucinations. These findings demonstrate a continuity of cognitive processes in individuals predisposed to hallucinations and in patients with schizophrenia who hallucinate, consistent with a common neurodevelopmental pathway.
authors: School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia. paulig01@student.uwa.edu.au
authors: Georgie
authors: G
authors: Paulik
authors: Johanna C
authors: JC
authors: Badcock
authors: Murray T
authors: MT
authors: Maybery
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires