title: Enhanced B-Raf protein expression is independent of V600E mutant status in thyroid carcinomas.
abstract: BRAF (7q24) encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase, and its expression level varies in different tissues. Although a high prevalence of BRAF mutation has been suggested as an important event in thyroid tumorigenesis, little is known about the expression pattern of B-Raf in the thyroid. Thus, we examined the expression of B-Raf in various neoplastic and nonneoplastic thyroid tissues and compared it with BRAF mutational status. Normal and hyperplastic thyroid tissues showed focal and faint immunoreactivity for B-Raf, especially in cuboidal follicular cells of small follicles. In contrast, diffuse expression of B-Raf was observed in follicular adenomas and well-differentiated carcinomas. The missense point mutation BRAF(V600E) was identified in 42% (13/31 cases) of papillary carcinomas and 33% (5/15 cases) of undifferentiated carcinomas but not in normal thyroid tissues, nodular hyperplasia, follicular adenomas, or follicular carcinomas. The immunohistochemical expression of B-Raf did not correlate with BRAF mutational status. Moreover, Western blotting revealed that B-Raf expression in thyroid carcinoma cell lines was also independent of BRAF mutation. Serum or fibroblast growth factor-1 stimulation further activates ERK1/2 in heterozygous BRAF(V600E)-positive carcinoma cells as well as BRAF(V600E) mutation-negative carcinoma cells. In conclusion, heterogeneous focal expression of wild-type B-Raf in nonneoplastic tissues may play a role in the growth or functional activity of thyroid follicular cells. In contrast, diffuse expression of wild-type and/or mutant B-Raf may be involved in the tumorigenic process resulting in activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in cooperation with other genetic abnormalities and activation of ligand-receptor signaling pathways.
authors: Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan. ktetsuo@yamanashi.ac.jp
authors: Tetsuo
authors: T
authors: Kondo
authors: Tadao
authors: T
authors: Nakazawa
authors: Shin-ichi
authors: S
authors: Murata
authors: Junichi
authors: J
authors: Kurebayashi
authors: Shereen
authors: S
authors: Ezzat
authors: Sylvia L
authors: SL
authors: Asa
authors: Ryohei
authors: R
authors: Katoh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf