title: Use of sensitive methods for detection of DNA damage on human lymphocytes exposed to p,p'-DDT: Comet assay and new criteria for scoring micronucleus test.
abstract: Wide distribution, stability and long persistence in the environment of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), probably the best-known and most useful insecticide in the world, imposes the need for further examination of the effect of this chemical on human health and especially on the human genome. In this study, peripheral blood human lymphocytes from a healthy donor were exposed to 0.025 mg/L concentration of p,p'-DDT at different time periods (1, 2, 24 and 48 h). For the assessment of genotoxic effect, the new criteria for scoring micronucleus test and alkaline comet assay were used. Both methods showed that p,p'-DDT induces DNA damage in low concentration used in this research. Results of micronucleus test showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) genotoxic effect of p,p'-DDT on human lymphocytes compared with corresponding control and a different exposure time. A comet assay also showed increased DNA damage caused in p,p'-DDT-exposed human lymphocytes than in corresponding control cells for the tail length. Results obtained by measuring the level of DNA migration and incidence of micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) indicate the sensitivity of these tests and their application in detection of primary genome damage after long-term exposure to establish the effect of p,p'-DDT on human genome.
authors: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia. vgaraj@imi.hr
authors: Goran
authors: G
authors: Gajski
authors: Sanda
authors: S
authors: Ravlic
authors: Zeljka
authors: Z
authors: Capuder
authors: Vera
authors: V
authors: Garaj-Vrhovac
mesh_terms: D020552:Comet Assay / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D003634:DDT / Q000633:toxicity*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D003634:DDT