title: Lentiviral RNAi-induced downregulation of adenosine kinase in human mesenchymal stem cell grafts: a novel perspective for seizure control.
abstract: Cell therapies based on focal delivery of the inhibitory neuromodulator adenosine were previously shown to provide potent seizure suppression in animal models of epilepsy. However, hitherto used therapeutic cells were derived from rodents and thus not suitable for clinical applications. Autologous patient-derived adenosine-releasing cell implants would constitute a major therapeutic advance to avoid both xenotransplantation and immunosuppression. Here we describe a novel approach based on lentiviral RNAi mediated downregulation of adenosine kinase (ADK), the major adenosine-removing enzyme, in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), which would be compatible with autologous cell grafting in patients. Following lentiviral transduction of hMSCs with anti-ADK miRNA expression cassettes we demonstrate up to 80% downregulation of ADK and a concentration of 8.5 ng adenosine per ml of medium after incubating 10(5) cells for 8 h. hMSCs with a knockdown of ADK or cells expressing a scrambled control sequence were transplanted into hippocampi of mice 1 week prior to the intraamygdaloid injection of kainic acid (KA). While mice with control implants expressing a scrambled miRNA sequence or sham treated control animals were characterized by KA-induced status epilepticus and subsequent CA3 neuronal cell loss, animals with therapeutic ADK knockdown implants displayed a 35% reduction in seizure duration and 65% reduction in CA3 neuronal cell loss, when analyzed 24 h after KA-injection. We conclude that lentiviral expression of anti-ADK miRNA constitutes a versatile tool to generate therapeutically effective adenosine releasing hMSCs, thus representing a model system to generate patient identical autologous adult stem cell grafts.
authors: Robert S. Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research, 1225 NE 2nd Avenue, Portland, OR 97232, USA.
authors: Gaoying
authors: G
authors: Ren
authors: Tianfu
authors: T
authors: Li
authors: Jiang Quan
authors: JQ
authors: Lan
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Wilz
authors: Roger P
authors: RP
authors: Simon
authors: Detlev
authors: D
authors: Boison
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000378:metabolism; D000248:Adenosine Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015536:Down-Regulation; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007608:Kainic Acid; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D034622:RNA Interference; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014161:Transduction, Genetic
chemical_list: D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D000248:Adenosine Kinase; D000241:Adenosine; D007608:Kainic Acid
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