title: Expression of cyclin D1 and Ki-67 in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclin D1 plays an important role in regulating the progression of cells through the G1-phase of the cell cycle. The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of cyclin D1 and Ki-67 in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and in some premalignant lesions of the penis and to correlate it with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 21 SCC, 7 lichen sclerosus, 5 condyloma acuminatum and 2 erythoplasia of Queyrat were stained by immunohistochemistry for cyclin D1 and Ki-67.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyclin D1-positive nuclear staining was overexpressed in 13/21 SCC (61.9%) and in one case of erythoplasia of Queyrat. Strong reactivity for Ki-67 was found in 16 (76.2%) SCC, in 3 condyloma acuminatum and in one case of erythoplasia of Queyrat. A tendency for an association between cyclin D1 expression and tumour differentiation (p = 0.07) but not the level of tumour invasion (p = 0.50) was found. The Ki-67 expression was notably increased with the advance of tumour grade, but the difference did not reach a statistically significant level (p = 0.46). A slight tendency towards a relationship between Ki-67 and cyclin D1 protein expression was observed (p = 0.32). Two patients relapsed and one died from the disease over a median follow-up period of 4.6 years (range 0.1-10.3 years).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ki-67 antibody and cyclin D1 overexpression seem to parallel each other, supporting the concept that cyclin D1 serves as a cell cycle activator. Cyclin D1 overexpression may be used as a prognostic factor of poor outcome in penile carcinoma.
authors: Department of Plastic Surgery, "Andreas Sygros" Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Papadopoulos
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Betsi
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Tsakistou
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Frangoulis
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Fangoulis
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Kouvatseas
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Anagnostakis
authors: Ch
authors: Ch
authors: Kouvidou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D019938:Cyclin D1