Studies on betaxanthin profiles of vegetables and fruits from the Chenopodiaceae and Cactaceae.
The present study provides an update on the betaxanthin (bx) compositions of red and yellow beetroots, yellow-coloured Swiss chard petioles, and yellow-orange cactus pear. Applying RP-HPLC coupled with positive ion electrospray mass spectrometry and by comparison with UV-vis and mass spectrometric characteristics as well as retention times of semi-synthesized reference compounds, 24 betaxanthins were identified in red and yellow beetroot hypocotyls. Twenty-five and thirteen betaxanthins were present in yellow Swiss chard petioles and the cactus pear cultivar 'Gialla', respectively. Ethanolamine-bx and threonine-bx were found to be novel betaxanthins in Chenopodiaceae representatives, which to the best of our knowledge have not been reported as genuine pigments so far. Furthermore, aspartic acid-bx (miraxanthin II), lysine-bx, and methionine-bx, hitherto found in other families, were identified in the Chenopodiaceae for the first time. Additionally, tyrosine-bx (portulacaxanthin II) and tryptophan-bx have not been earlier reported to occur in the Cactaceae. These findings provide valuable phytochemical information and may be useful for a better understanding of the functional properties of betaxanthins in plants.
Kugler
Florian
F
Institute of Food Technology, Section Plant Foodstuff Technology, Hohenheim University, August-von-Hartmann-StraBe 3, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
Graneis
Stephan
S
Stintzing
Florian C
FC
Carle
Reinhold
R
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D027461:Beta vulgaris / Q000737:chemistry; D029421:Cactaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D019663:Chenopodiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D010848:Picolinic Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
D000596:Amino Acids; D010848:Picolinic Acids; C488995:betaxanthin