Maximizing resilience through diverse levels of inquiry: Prevailing paradigms, possibilities, and priorities for the future.
The study of resilience has two core characteristics: it is fundamentally applied in nature, seeking to use scientific knowledge to maximize well-being among those at risk, and it draws on expertise from diverse scientific disciplines. Recent advances in biological processes have confirmed the profound deleterious effects of harsh caregiving environments, thereby underscoring the importance of early interventions. What remains to be established at this time is the degree to which insights on particular biological processes (e.g., involving specific brain regions, genes, or hormones) will be applied in the near future to achieve substantial reductions in mental health disparities. Aside from biology, resilience developmental researchers would do well to draw upon relevant evidence from other behavioral sciences as well, notably anthropology as well as family, counseling, and social psychology. Scientists working with adults and with children must remain vigilant to the advances and missteps in each others' work, always ensuring caution in conveying messages about the "innateness" of resilience or its prevalence across different subgroups. Our future research agenda must prioritize reducing abuse and neglect in close relationships; deriving the "critical ingredients" in effective interventions and going to scale with these; working collaboratively to refine theory on the construct; and responsibly, proactively disseminating what we have learned about the nature, limits, and antecedents of resilient adaptation across diverse at-risk groups.
Luthar
Suniya S
SS
Department of Counseling and Clinical PsychologyColumbia University Teachers' College, New York, NY 10027-6696, USA. luthar@tc.edu
Brown
Pamela J
PJ
D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D017028:Caregivers; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D012931:Social Environment; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*
Dev Psychopathol. 2002 Fall;14(4):861-75
12549707
Psychol Rev. 1998 Oct;105(4):792-802
9830380
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Dec;1094:139-50
17347347
Health Educ Behav. 2006 Aug;33(4):515-31
16769758
Science. 1999 Nov 5;286(5442):1155-8
10550053
Am Psychol. 2005 Sep;60(6):628-48
16173895
J Neurosci. 2006 Jun 14;26(24):6583-8
16775146
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2005 May;88(5):827-43
15898878
Dev Psychopathol. 2006 Summer;18(3):651-77
17152395
Dev Psychopathol. 2000 Autumn;12(4):857-85
11202047
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002 Nov;59(11):996-1000
12418932
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1993 May;34(4):441-53
8509489
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2001;24:1161-92
11520931
Psychol Sci. 2006 Jan;17(1):53-8
16371144
Am Psychol. 2000 Nov;55(11):1196-214
11280935
Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2005;1:255-91
17716089
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Dec 20;102(51):18247-8
16344460
Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1606-9
16543459
Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1987 Jul;57(3):316-331
3303954
Psychol Sci Public Interest. 2005 Jul;6(1):1-29
26158277
Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):851-4
12161658
Child Dev. 1991 Jun;62(3):600-16
1914628
Psychiatr Serv. 2005 Sep;56(9):1077-83
16148320
Gend Med. 2005 Jun;2(2):76-87
16115602
Psychol Med. 2003 May;33(4):601-10
12785462
Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):531-4
17255515
Child Dev. 2002 Nov-Dec;73(6):1904-14
12487501
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Dec;1094:52-62
17347341
Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):386-9
12869766
Perspect Psychol Sci. 2006 Mar;1(1):5-27
26151183
Science. 2004 Jun 4;304(5676):1445-7; author reply 1445-7
15178784
Am Psychol. 2005 Sep;60(6):601-14
16173893
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006 Dec;74(6):1006-16
17154731
Science. 2003 Oct 24;302(5645):599-601
14576422
Nature. 2005 Jun 2;435(7042):673-6
15931222
Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Jul;162(7):1243-52
15994704
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Dec;1094:13-27
17347338
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2006 Oct;91(4):730-49
17014296
Dev Psychol. 2006 May;42(3):583-97
16756447
Dev Psychol. 2007 Jul;43(4):931-46
17605526
Dev Psychopathol. 2003 Summer;15(3):773-810
14582940
Am J Psychiatry. 2004 Feb;161(2):195-216
14754765
Psychiatry. 2005 Winter;68(4):299-310
16599397
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996 Nov;53(11):1033-9
8911226
Dev Psychopathol. 2000 Spring;12(2):235-53
10847626
Am Psychol. 2004 Jan;59(1):20-8
14736317
Child Maltreat. 2005 Feb;10(1):61-71
15611327
Am Psychol. 2001 Mar;56(3):227-38
11315249
Behav Genet. 2006 Jul;36(4):616-25
16636903
Proc Biol Sci. 2006 Mar 22;273(1587):707-12
16608690
Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2006 Jan;12(1):134-48
16594860
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Jul;1071:379-96
16891584
Am J Psychiatry. 1999 Apr;156(4):646-9
10200751
Child Dev. 2000 Jan-Feb;71(1):197-204
10836574
Psychol Bull. 1955 Jul;52(4):281-302
13245896
Child Dev. 2000 May-Jun;71(3):543-62
10953923
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Dec 7;101(49):17316-21
15563601
Dev Psychopathol. 2006 Fall;18(4):1181-211
17064434
Psychol Sci. 2006 Mar;17(3):181-6
16507055
Am J Prev Med. 2002 Nov;23(4):260-8
12406480
Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2005 Feb;14(1):49-53
17710193
Cerebrum. 2005 Summer;7(3):33-46
16619411
Psychiatry. 2002 Fall;65(3):207-39
12405079
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Dec;1094:1-12
17347337
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2007 Feb;19(1):15-22
17224657
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006 Dec;47(12):1228-45
17176378
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2005;29(4-5):843-65
15893378
Perspect Psychol Sci. 2006 Dec;1(4):389-400
26151802
Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1997 Jul;67(3):396-407
9250341
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2004 May;30(2):385-407
15230082
Dev Psychopathol. 2007 Winter;19(1):243-61
17241493
Nat Neurosci. 2003 May;6(5):445-6
12665797