title: Pulmonary gas transfer related to markers of angiogenesis during the menstrual cycle.
abstract: Gas transfer in the female lung varies over the menstrual cycle in parallel with the cyclic angiogenesis that occurs in the uterine endometrium. Given that vessels form and regress in the uterus under the control of hormones, angiogenic factors, and proangiogenic circulating bone marrow-derived progenitor cells, we tested the possibility that variation in pulmonary gas transfer over the menstrual cycle is related to a systemic cyclic proangiogenic state that influences lung vascularity. Women were evaluated over the menstrual cycle with weekly measures of lung diffusing capacity and its components, the pulmonary vascular capillary bed and membrane diffusing capacity, and their relation to circulating CD34(+)CD133(+) progenitor cells, hemoglobin, factors affecting hemoglobin binding affinity, and proangiogenic factors. Lung diffusing capacity varied over the menstrual cycle, reaching a nadir during the follicular phase following menses. The decline in lung diffusing capacity was accounted for by approximately 25% decrease in pulmonary capillary blood volume. In parallel, circulating CD34(+)CD133(+) progenitor cells decreased by approximately 24% and were directly related to angiogenic factors and to lung diffusing capacity and pulmonary capillary blood volume. The finding of a greater number of lung microvessels in ovariectomized female mice receiving estrogen compared with placebo verified that pulmonary vascularity is influenced by hormonal changes. These findings suggest that angiogenesis in the lungs may participate in the cyclic changes in gas transfer that occur over the menstrual cycle.
authors: Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors: Samar
authors: S
authors: Farha
authors: Kewal
authors: K
authors: Asosingh
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Laskowski
authors: Lauren
authors: L
authors: Licina
authors: Haruki
authors: H
authors: Sekiguchi
authors: Haruki
authors: H
authors: Sekigushi
authors: Douglas W
authors: DW
authors: Losordo
authors: Raed A
authors: RA
authors: Dweik
authors: Herbert P
authors: HP
authors: Wiedemann
authors: Serpil C
authors: SC
authors: Erzurum
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000328:Adult; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis; D001810:Blood Volume; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism; D030762:Estrous Cycle / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D011653:Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D019089:Stem Cell Factor / Q000097:blood; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006454:Hemoglobins; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; C000606024:Prom1 protein, mouse; D019089:Stem Cell Factor; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D004958:Estradiol
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