title: Symptoms of anal incontinence and difficult defecation among women with prolapse and a matched control cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to quantify the risk for anal incontinence and difficult defecation among women with prolapse by comparing them with women without prolapse of similar age, body mass index, race, and hysterectomy status, and to determine whether there are characteristics or findings in women with prolapse that are associated with greater symptom severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with primary pelvic organ prolapse (n = 151) were compared with women without prolapse (n = 135). All subjects underwent pelvic examination and completed symptom questionnaires regarding how frequently anal incontinence and difficult defecation were experienced. Incontinence of flatus was considered to be present if it occurred on "most" or "every" day; difficult defecation was considered to be present if it was experienced with "most" or "every" bowel movement. Symptoms that occurred "on occasion" or "never" were considered to be absent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incontinence of flatus was reported by 23.1% of cases vs 8.3% of control subjects (P = .006). Incontinence of liquid or solid stool was present in 4.7% and 3.5%, respectively, and was not reported by control subjects (P < .001 and .009, respectively). Difficult defecation, which was characterized by pushing on the vaginal walls to complete defecation, was present in 19.7% vs 4.4% of control subjects (P = .001). Cases that reported symptoms were compared with those that did not report symptoms. Among those reporting difficult defecation, the length of the perineal body length was greater when straining (4.0 vs 3.4 cm; P = .020). Among those reporting incontinence of flatus, mean parity was higher (3.3 vs 2.5; P = .012), and a positive standing cough stress test was more likely (39.3% vs 18.5%; P = .025). Symptoms of anal incontinence and/or difficult defecation were present in 35.3% of subjects (52/147).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with prolapse are more likely than control subjects to have symptoms of anal incontinence or difficult defecation; approximately one-third of these women will have symptoms.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0276, USA. morgand@umich.edu
authors: Daniel M
authors: DM
authors: Morgan
authors: John O L
authors: JO
authors: DeLancey
authors: Kenneth E
authors: KE
authors: Guire
authors: Dee E
authors: DE
authors: Fenner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003672:Defecation; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000453:epidemiology*