title: Effect of breastfeeding on lung function in childhood and modulation by maternal asthma and atopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The protective effect of breastfeeding on early respiratory infections is well established, but its relationship to the development of subsequent asthma remains controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To clarify these complex issues, we examined the association between lung function and infant-feeding practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study, feeding practices were assessed prospectively based on questionnaires completed at enrollment and well-child visits. Formula introduction was categorized as having occurred before 2 months (n = 143, "early formula introduction"), from 2 and before 4 months (n = 336), or at 4 months and older (n = 200, "longer breastfed"). Lung function was measured at age 11 and 16 years. A random-effects model was used to assess the relationship of infant-feeding practices to measures of lung function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FVC by age 16 was increased by 103 +/- 40.0 ml (P = 0.01), and the FEV1/FVC ratio was lower (-1.9 +/- 0.6%, P = 0.004) in the longer breastfed children compared with children with early formula introduction. This effect was modified after stratifying by maternal asthma. Compared with children with early formula introduction, longer breastfed children with asthmatic mothers had an FVC that was not increased (P = 0.7) and an FEV1/FVC ratio (-5.7 +/- 2.4%, P = 0.02) that was significantly decreased by age 16. Longer breastfed children with nonatopic, nonasthmatic mothers demonstrated an increased FVC (142 +/- 71.1 ml, P = 0.047) and no decrease in FEV1/FVC (P = 0.7) compared with children with early formula introduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Longer duration of breastfeeding favorably influences lung growth in children. However, in the presence of maternal asthma, longer breastfeeding is associated with decreased airflows.
authors: Arizona Respiratory Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. tguilbert@wisc.edu
authors: Theresa W
authors: TW
authors: Guilbert
authors: Debra A
authors: DA
authors: Stern
authors: Wayne J
authors: WJ
authors: Morgan
authors: Fernando D
authors: FD
authors: Martinez
authors: Anne L
authors: AL
authors: Wright
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000503:physiopathology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology
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