title: Retinally-induced aniseikonia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To show that retinally-induced aniseikonia may vary as a function of visual field angle (i.e., field-dependent aniseikonia), how this could be explained, and what implications this has for managing the aniseikonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-administration using software that can be assumed the predecessor of the Aniseikonia Inspector version 2. Aniseikonia was tested in the vertical nd horizontal direction. In each direction aniseikonia was tested for visual field angles of 0.5 to 8 degrees.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients with different retinal conditions: an epiretinal membrane (ERM), a retinal detachment (RD), and a retinoschisis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had field- dependent aniseikonia, with aniseikonia variations of up to 20% over the measured visual field. The aniseikonia for the ERM patient was similar in the vertical and horizontal direction, while this was not the case for the RD patient and the retinoschisis patient. The retinoschisis patient even had negative aniseikonia in one direction and positive aniseikonia in the other direction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When reporting the aniseikonia of patients with retinal conditions, one cannot speak of 'the' aniseikonia(i.e., a single value or a single value for each direction), because it is most likely field-dependent. It is also important to use a test that only measures static aniseikonia (direct comparison tests with long viewing times may be less suitable). Correction of field- dependent aniseikonia is relatively difficult, because an optical correction is field-independent. Nevertheless, optically correcting the aniseikonia for part of the visual filed often improves the vision comfort considerably. If necessary, an optical correction could be augmented with a unilateral partial transparency occlusion or a unilateral partial field occlusion for more vision comfort.
authors: Optical Diagnostics, Culemborg, The Netherlands.
authors: G C
authors: GC
authors: de Wit
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000839:Aniseikonia / Q000209:etiology*; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000150:complications*; D041441:Retinoschisis / Q000150:complications*; D014787:Vision Tests; D014794:Visual Fields