title: Duodenal adenocarcinoma: patterns of failure after resection and the role of chemoradiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report patterns of disease recurrence after resection of adenocarcinoma of the duodenum and compare outcomes between patients undergoing surgery only vs. surgery with concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CT-RT).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing potentially curative therapy for adenocarcinoma of the duodenum at Duke University Medical Center and affiliated hospitals between 1975 and 2005. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and local control (LC) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate regression analysis evaluated the effect of CT-RT on clinical endpoints.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two patients were identified (23 M, 9 F). Median age was 60 years (range, 32-77 years). Surgery alone was performed in 16 patients. An additional 16 patients received either preoperative (n = 11) or postoperative (n = 5) CT-RT. Median RT dose was 50.4 Gy (range, 12.6-54 Gy). All patients treated with RT also received concurrent 5-fluorouracil-based CT. Two patients treated preoperatively had a pathologic complete response (18%), and none had involved lymph nodes at resection. Five-year OS, DFS, and LC for the entire group were 48%, 47%, and 55%, respectively. Five-year survival did not differ between patients receiving CT-RT vs. surgery alone (57% vs. 44%, p = 0.42). However, in patients undergoing R0 resection, CT-RT appeared to improve OS (5-year 83% vs. 53%, p = 0.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local failure after surgery alone is high. Given the patterns of relapse with surgery alone and favorable outcomes in patients undergoing complete resection with CT-RT, the use of CT-RT in selected patients should be considered.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology and Transplantation, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. kelse003@mc.duke.edu
authors: Chris R
authors: CR
authors: Kelsey
authors: John W
authors: JW
authors: Nelson
authors: Christopher G
authors: CG
authors: Willett
authors: Junzo P
authors: JP
authors: Chino
authors: Robert W
authors: RW
authors: Clough
authors: Johanna C
authors: JC
authors: Bendell
authors: Douglas S
authors: DS
authors: Tyler
authors: Herbert I
authors: HI
authors: Hurwitz
authors: Michael A
authors: MA
authors: Morse
authors: Bryan M
authors: BM
authors: Clary
authors: Theodore N
authors: TN
authors: Pappas
authors: Brian G
authors: BG
authors: Czito
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004379:Duodenal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D005472:Fluorouracil