title: Cell cannibalism and nucleus-fragmented cells in voided urine: useful parameters for cytologic diagnosis of low-grade urothelial carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify whether the 3 parameters of cell clusters, cell cannibalism and nucleus-fragmented cells could improve diagnostic accuracy for grade 1 urothelial carcinoma (G1UC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 52 voided urine samples from 31 patients histologically diagnosed as having G1UC were reviewed. In addition, 10 voided urine samples from cases with grade 3 demonstration urothelial carcinoma (G3UC) and 30 voided urine samples from 25 patients with a histologic diagnosis of chronic inflammation of the bladder were evaluated for comparison. Areas of tumor cells with cannibalism were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell cannibalism was evident in 12 of 31 G1UC cases (38.7%), significantly less often than with G3UC, but never identified in the control group. Mean areas of tumor cells featuring cannibalism were significantly smaller in G1 UC than in G3UC cases. Nucleus-fragmented cells were also less frequent in G1UC than in G3UC, but more common than in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cell cannibalism and nucleus-fragmented cells in voided urine with special attention to areas of tumor cell with cannibalism could be applied as a parameter to improve diagnostic accuracy for G1UC.
authors: Department of Clinical Cytology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan. mhattori@nc.kitasato-u.ac.jp
authors: Manabu
authors: M
authors: Hattori
authors: Yuki
authors: Y
authors: Nishino
authors: Hirokuni
authors: H
authors: Kakinuma
authors: Kazumasa
authors: K
authors: Matsumoto
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Ohbu
authors: Isao
authors: I
authors: Okayasu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002449:Cell Aggregation; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000473:pathology*; D003581:Cytodiagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology*; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*