title: Expression of S100A2 and S100A4 predicts for disease progression and patient survival in bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the expression patterns and prognostic value of S100A2 and S100A4 in surgical specimens from radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical staining for S100A2 and S100A4 was performed in 92 archived radical cystectomy and 38 normal specimens. The immunoreactivity of these proteins was stratified on a 0 to 6 scale and then correlated with the pathologic features and clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S100A2 expression was significantly decreased in the bladder cancer specimens compared with the controls (P <0.0001), and S100A4 expression was significantly greater in the bladder cancer specimens (P = 0.03). The loss of expression of S100A2 and increased expression of S100A4 were associated with muscle invasion (P <0.05). These alterations in expression were also associated with a greater risk of disease progression and a decreased chance of cancer-specific survival at a median follow-up of 25.3 months (P <0.0001 for both). After adjusting for the effects of the pathologic findings, S100A4 expression remained a significant predictor of disease progression (P <0.0001) and cancer-specific survival (P <0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  S100A4 appeared to be an independent predictor for the treatment outcome in bladder cancer. The expression patterns of S100A2 and S100A4 correlated well with the pathologic stage, disease progression, and cancer-specific mortality. This finding could aid in identifying more biologically aggressive cancers and thus patients who might benefit from more intensive adjuvant therapy.
authors: Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. kazumasa@cd5.so-net.ne.jp <kazumasa@cd5.so-net.ne.jp>
authors: Kazumasa
authors: K
authors: Matsumoto
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Irie
authors: Takefumi
authors: T
authors: Satoh
authors: Junichiro
authors: J
authors: Ishii
authors: Keiichi
authors: K
authors: Iwabuchi
authors: Masatsugu
authors: M
authors: Iwamura
authors: Shin
authors: S
authors: Egawa
authors: Shiro
authors: S
authors: Baba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000032:analysis*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015653:Cystectomy; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins; C098997:S100A2 protein, human; C077591:S100A4 protein, human