title: Candidate genes responsible for human hepatocellular carcinoma identified from differentially expressed genes in hepatocarcinogenesis of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinesis).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore gene expression profiles during hepatocarcinogenesis of the tree shrew, and to find the genes responsible for human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Tree shrews were used as an animal model for HCC induction employing aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) alone or AFB(1) plus hepatitis B virus (HBV) as etiological factors. Gene expression profiles from the tissues of HCC, HCC-surrounding liver tissues (para-HCC) and the corresponding biopsies taken from the same animals before HCC had developed (pre-HCC) were analyzed by cDNA microarray assay to identify differentially expressed genes. Two genes, CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1), were further investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) assays were done on tree shrew and human HCC samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RESULTS from the cDNA microarray analysis indicated that the gene expression profiles of HCC between AFB(1)and AFB(1) + HBV treatment groups were markedly different. A total of 11 genes, including SOD1 and GSTA1, were found changing in expression levels in all detected samples from both groups. RESULTS from RT-PCR and IHC assays indicated that mRNA and protein levels of SOD1 and GSTA1 were markedly downregulated in both tree shrew and human HCC, and downregulation of SOD1 and GSTA1 proteins in human HCC samples was closely correlated with the histopathological grading (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differentially expressed genes found in all HCC cases induced by different etiological factors among different species should be considered as good candidate genes responsible for HCC. Downregulation of SOD1 and GSTA1 might play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis.
authors: Department of Experimental Pathology, Guangxi Cancer Institute, Nanning, China.
authors: Yuan
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Dafang
authors: D
authors: Wan
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Wei
authors: Jianjia
authors: J
authors: Su
authors: Ji
authors: J
authors: Cao
authors: Xiaokun
authors: X
authors: Qiu
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Ou
authors: Kecheng
authors: K
authors: Ban
authors: Chun
authors: C
authors: Yang
authors: Huifen
authors: H
authors: Yue