title: Gene expression profiling of normal and ruptured canine anterior cruciate ligaments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify genes which may be involved in the development of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) laxity and rupture in a naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis (OA) model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of dog were studied: (1) dogs with ACL rupture; (2) dogs with intact ACLs from a breed predisposed to ACL rupture; (3) dogs with intact ACLs from a breed at very low risk of rupture. The transcriptomes of the ACLs from each group were compared using a whole genome microarray and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Differential gene expression in ruptured canine ACLs was compared with that published in the literature for ruptured human ACLs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were identified between the gene expression profiles of normal ACLs of a breed predisposed to ACL rupture when compared to a breed relatively resistant to ACL rupture. A general pattern of increased protease and extracellular structural matrix gene expression was identified in the ruptured ACLs when compared to intact ACLs. The gene expression profiles of ruptured canine ACLs demonstrate similar patterns to those previously reported for ruptured human ACLs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A transcriptomic basis to breed specific risk for the development of canine ACL rupture was not identified. Although changes in matrix associated gene expression in the ruptured ACL are similar between humans and dogs, the molecular events which may predispose to ACL laxity and rupture were not defined.
authors: Musculoskeletal Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK. dylan.clements@liverpool.ac.uk
authors: D N
authors: DN
authors: Clements
authors: S D
authors: SD
authors: Carter
authors: J F
authors: JF
authors: Innes
authors: W E R
authors: WE
authors: Ollier
authors: P J R
authors: PJ
authors: Day
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000378:metabolism; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D008297:Male; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012421:Rupture