title: Alcohol ingestion by donors amplifies experimental airway disease after heterotopic transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) after lung transplantation is triggered by alloimmunity, but is ultimately mediated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1)-dependent airway fibrosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Chronic alcohol use increases TGF-beta(1) expression and renders the lung susceptible to injury. Therefore, we hypothesized that donor alcohol abuse could prime the lung allograft for OB, as many organ donors have a history of alcohol abuse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tracheas from control and alcohol-fed rats (8 wk) were heterotopically transplanted into recipients with varying degrees of alloimmune mismatch and analyzed for obliterative airway disease severity on Postoperative Day 21.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although donor alcohol ingestion did not increase the number of antigen-presenting cells or infiltrating lymphocytes, it nevertheless increased allograft lumenal collagen content fourfold compared with allografts from control donors. In parallel, alcohol increased TGF-beta(1) and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in allografts. Alcohol amplified airway disease even in isografts with minor alloimmune mismatches. In contrast, it did not cause any airway disease in isografts in a pure isogenic background, suggesting that a minimal alloimmune response is necessary to trigger alcohol-induced airway fibrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although alloimmune inflammation is required to initiate airway disease, alcohol primes the allograft for greater TGF-beta(1) expression, myofibroblast transdifferentiation, and fibrosis than by alloimmune inflammation alone. This has serious clinical implications, as many lung donors have underlying alcohol abuse that may prime the allograft recipient for subsequent OB.
authors: Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center (151-P), 1670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, GA 30033, USA. pmitche@emory.edu
authors: Patrick O
authors: PO
authors: Mitchell
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Guidot
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000818:Animals; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D006648:Histocompatibility; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000378:metabolism; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D011184:Postoperative Period; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014022:Tissue Survival; D014132:Trachea / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016042:Transplantation, Heterotopic; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D003094:Collagen
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