Mitotic cell death by chromosome fragmentation.
Cell death plays a key role for both cancer progression and treatment. In this report, we characterize chromosome fragmentation, a new type of cell death that takes place during metaphase where condensed chromosomes are progressively degraded. It occurs spontaneously without any treatment in instances such as inherited status of genomic instability, or it can be induced by treatment with chemotherapeutics. It is observed within cell lines, tumors, and lymphocytes of cancer patients. The process of chromosome fragmentation results in loss of viability, but is apparently nonapoptotic and further differs from cellular death defined by mitotic catastrophe. Chromosome fragmentation represents an efficient means of induced cell death and is a clinically relevant biomarker of mitotic cell death. Chromosome fragmentation serves as a method to eliminate genomically unstable cells. Paradoxically, this process could result in genome aberrations common in cancer. The characterization of chromosome fragmentation may also shine light on the mechanism of chromosomal pulverization.
Stevens
Joshua B
JB
Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
Liu
Guo
G
Bremer
Steven W
SW
Ye
Karen J
KJ
Xu
Wenxin
W
Xu
Jing
J
Sun
Yi
Y
Wu
Gen Sheng
GS
Savasan
Sureyya
S
Krawetz
Stephen A
SA
Ye
Christine J
CJ
Heng
Henry H Q
HH
D016923:Cell Death / Q000235:genetics*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D042822:Genomic Instability; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008938:Mitosis / Q000235:genetics*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*