title: Survey of maize from south-western Nigeria for zearalenone, alpha- and beta-zearalenols, fumonisin B1 and enniatins produced by Fusarium species.
abstract: A survey for the natural occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in maize for human consumption in four south-western states of Nigeria using High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectroscopy (HPLC/MS) showed that 93.4% of the samples were contaminated with zearalenone (ZON), alpha- and beta-zearalenols (alpha- and beta-ZOL), fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) or enniatins (ENNs). The fractions of contaminated samples were 73% for FB(1) (mean:117 microg kg(-1), range:10-760 microg kg(-1)); 57% for ZON (mean:49 microg kg(-1), range:115-779 microg kg(-1)) and 13% for alpha-ZOL (mean: 63.6 microg kg(-1), range:32-181 microg kg(-1)), while ENNs A1, B and B(1) were present in 3, 7 and 3% of the samples respectively. There was no beta-ZOL present above the quantification limits of 50 microg kg(-1). Only the FB(1) content was significantly different at the 95% confidence level among the four states. The Fusarium species most frequently isolated from maize seeds were F. verticillioides (70%), followed by F. sporotrichioides (42%), F. graminearum (30%), F. pallidoroseum (15%), F. compactum (12%), F. proliferatum (12%), F. equiseti (9%), F. acuminatum (8%) and F. subglutinans (4%). This is the first report of the occurrence of alpha-zearalenol and enniatins in Nigerian maize.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria. toadejumo@yahoo.com
authors: T O
authors: TO
authors: Adejumo
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Hettwer
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Karlovsky
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000032:analysis; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000032:analysis; D005670:Fusarium / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D009549:Nigeria; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000032:analysis; D015029:Zeranol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D047630:Depsipeptides; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D037341:Fumonisins; D009183:Mycotoxins; C100264:enniatins; C029659:zearalenol; C056933:fumonisin B1; D015025:Zearalenone; D015029:Zeranol