title: Neostigmine does not prolong the duration of analgesia produced by caudal bupivacaine in children undergoing urethroplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neostigmine extends the duration of analgesia produced by caudal bupivacaine in children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of different doses of caudal neostigmine on the duration of postoperative analgesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, double-blind study was conducted in 120 boys aged 1-12 years undergoing urethroplasty under combined general and caudal anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children were administered 1.875 mg/kg bupivacaine alone (Group B) or with 2, 3 or 4 microg/kg of neostigmine (groups BN 2, BN 3 or BN 4 respectively) as caudal drug (0.75 ml/kg). Children with a pain score of 4 or more (OPS and NRS) postoperatively were administered rescue analgesic. Time to first analgesic and the number of analgesic doses administered in the 24h were recorded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parametric data were analyzed using ANOVA. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for the time to first analgesic administration were plotted and compared using log rank analysis. Chi-square test was used to analyze the incidence data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median [IQR] time to first analgesic in Group B (540 [240-1441] min) was similar to that in Groups BN 2 (450 [240-720]), BN 3 (600 [360-1020]) and BN 4 (990 [420-1441]). Significantly more patients in Groups B (9 [34.6%]) and BN 4 (13 [44.8%]) required no supplemental analgesic for 24h than those in Groups BN 2 and BN 3 (4 [13.8%] and 4 [13.3%]). The number of analgesic doses required in 24h in the four groups was similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addition of neostigmine to 1.875 mg/kg of caudal bupivacaine did not prolong the analgesia following urethroplasty in children.
authors: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh - 160 012, India. neerja.bhardwaj@gmail.com
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Bhardwaj
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Yaddanapudi
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Ghai
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Wig
mesh_terms: D000763:Anesthesia, Caudal; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009388:Neostigmine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D009388:Neostigmine; D002045:Bupivacaine