title: Translational research in medication development for nicotine dependence.
abstract: A major obstacle to the development of medications for nicotine dependence is the lack of animal and human laboratory models with sufficient predictive clinical validity to support the translation of knowledge from laboratory studies to clinical research. This Review describes the animal and human laboratory paradigms commonly used to investigate the pathophysiology of nicotine dependence, and proposes how their predictive validity might be determined and improved, thereby enhancing the development of new medications.
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Suite 4100, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. clerman@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors: Caryn
authors: C
authors: Lerman
authors: Mark G
authors: MG
authors: LeSage
authors: Kenneth A
authors: KA
authors: Perkins
authors: Stephanie S
authors: SS
authors: O'Malley
authors: Steven J
authors: SJ
authors: Siegel
authors: Neal L
authors: NL
authors: Benowitz
authors: William A
authors: WA
authors: Corrigall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology