title: [Airway management].
abstract: Managing the difficult airway poses an enormous challenge for anaesthesiologists, intensivists and A&E physicians, particularly because of the high probability of a potentially fatal outcome. Development and (pre-) clinical distribution of supraglottic airway devices (e.g. LMA, LT) and their enhancements, as well as the broad acceptance of awake fibre-optic intubation, led to a profound change in the strategy for managing the difficult airway. This is reflected in the revised ASA guidelines, implementing the use of the laryngeal mask airway and fibre-optic intubation. In view of the utmost importance of this topic the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI) framed an independent German guideline, considering German national terms and conditions. In analogy algorithms and guidelines of the ILCOR, ERC and ATLS were revised as well as those of many other national anaesthesiological boards. Nevertheless, massive national and international deficits exist in implementing these guidelines into practice and the implicated structural requirements with respect to education, reflection, team building and equipment concerning the individual institution.
authors: Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen. gereon.schaelte@ukaachen.de
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Schälte
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Rex
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Henzler
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000758:Anesthesia; D003422:Critical Care; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D020704:Laryngoscopes; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors
references: Br J Anaesth. 1997 Dec;79(6):699-703
references: 9496198
references: Can J Anaesth. 2005 Jun-Jul;52(6):630-3
references: 15983151
references: Anaesthesist. 1997 May;46(5):437-40
references: 9245215
references: Br J Anaesth. 1998 Feb;80(2):140-6
references: 9602574
references: Anesth Analg. 2001 May;92(5):1337-41
references: 11323373
references: Anesth Analg. 2006 Jun;102(6):1867-78
references: 16717341
references: Anaesthesist. 2006 May;55(5):528-34
references: 16493550
references: Anaesthesia. 2006 Nov;61(11):1093-9
references: 17042849
references: Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 1995 May;30(3):169-71
references: 7605837
references: Anaesthesist. 1999 Jul;48(7):431-2
references: 10467474
references: Anesthesiology. 2000 May;92(5):1229-36
references: 10781266
references: Anesth Analg. 2002 Mar;94(3):732-6; table of contents
references: 11867407
references: Anesthesiology. 2005 Jul;103(1):33-9
references: 15983454
references: Crit Care. 2004 Dec;8(6):R385-90
references: 15566581
references: Anaesthesia. 1996 Oct;51(10):935-8
references: 8984868
references: Anesth Analg. 1998 Sep;87(3):661-5
references: 9728849
references: Surg Endosc. 2006 Apr;20 Suppl 2:S479-83
references: 16544062
references: Arch Emerg Med. 1984 Dec;1(4):229-32
references: 6537206
references: Anesth Analg. 1997 Feb;84(2):419-21
references: 9024040
references: Anaesthesia. 1985 Apr;40(4):356-61
references: 4003736
references: Anesthesiol Clin North America. 2002 Dec;20(4):863-70, vii
references: 12512266
references: Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 2003 Aug;22 Suppl 1:41s-52s
references: 12943861
references: Anaesthesia. 2004 Dec;59(12):1163-6
references: 15549973
references: AANA J. 1997 Aug;65(4):364-70
references: 9281919
references: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001 Mar;45(3):327-32
references: 11207469
references: Can J Anaesth. 2003 Jan;50(1):78-80
references: 12514156
references: Can J Anaesth. 1999 Sep;46(9):891-3
references: 10490160
references: Anesth Analg. 2002 Oct;95(4):1098-102, table of contents
references: 12351303
references: Br J Anaesth. 2006 Apr;96(4):516-21
references: 16490763
references: Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2005 Jul;6(4):454-6
references: 15982434
references: Br J Anaesth. 2004 Jan;92(1):144-6
references: 14665568
references: Anaesthesist. 1995 Oct;44(10):712-8
references: 8533873
references: Am J Emerg Med. 1997 Jan;15(1):91-3
references: 9002581
references: Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan. 2005 Sep;43(3):147-51
references: 16235463
references: Can J Anaesth. 1995 Sep;42(9):826-30
references: 7497568
references: Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 2002 Oct;37(10):604-8
references: 12369013
references: Anesth Analg. 2004 May;98(5):1467-70, table of contents
references: 15105232
references: Can Anaesth Soc J. 1983 May;30(3 Pt 1):316-7
references: 6336553
references: Anaesthesia. 1987 May;42(5):487-90
references: 3592174
references: Br J Anaesth. 1988 Aug;61(2):211-6
references: 3415893
references: Chest. 1999 Dec;116(6):1689-94
references: 10593796
references: Can J Anaesth. 2001 Jul-Aug;48(7):691-6
references: 11495879
references: J Trauma. 1998 Aug;45(2):312-4
references: 9715188
references: Can J Anaesth. 1999 Aug;46(8):760-5
references: 10451135
references: Crit Care Med. 1987 Jun;15(6):609-11
references: 3568731
references: Resuscitation. 2003 Mar;56(3):329-33
references: 12628564
references: Br J Anaesth. 2006 Sep;97(3):419-22
references: 16829671
references: Anaesthesia. 1991 Dec;46(12):1005-8
references: 1781521
references: Prehosp Emerg Care. 2000 Apr-Jun;4(2):168-72
references: 10782607
references: Anesth Analg. 1996 Jun;82(6):1197-204
references: 8638791
references: Anaesthesia. 1998 Dec;53(12):1174-9
references: 10193220
references: Anesth Analg. 2002 Mar;94(3):737-40; table of contents
references: 11867408
references: Can J Anaesth. 1994 May;41(5 Pt 1):361-5
references: 8055601
references: Can J Anaesth. 2005 Feb;52(2):191-8
references: 15684262
references: Anaesth Intensive Care. 1999 Jun;27(3):275-81
references: 10389561
references: Anesth Analg. 2000 Oct;91(4):1017-20
references: 11004067
references: Resuscitation. 1998 Jul;38(1):3-6
references: 9783502