title: Synthesis of N-aryl-5-amino-4-cyanopyrazole derivatives as potent xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
abstract: Some pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, structurally related with allopurinol, a well known xanthine oxidase inhibitor, clinically used in the therapy of gout, have also been reported as potent inhibitors of xanthine oxidase and the growth of several human tumour cell lines. Considering the potential interest of this family of compounds, the aim of the present study was to synthesise and provide a full chemical characterization of new N-aryl-5-amino-4-cyanopyrazole derivatives and their corresponding pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines. Their biological activity pertaining to the xanthine oxidase inhibition and effect on the growth of three tumour cell lines (MCF-7, NCI-H460, and SF-268) are also provided. With only one exception, the synthesised compounds showed no effect on the growth of the three tumour cell lines. However, a strong xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity was observed for almost all pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines tested, revealing some of them IC(50) values below 1 microM. The results of the molecular docking studies of these compounds, against xanthine oxidoreductase are also described, providing an atomistic explanation of the differences in the inhibitory efficiency. MEP calculations were used to explain different inhibitory efficiency of similar inhibitors.
authors: Centro de Química, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
authors: Sanjay
authors: S
authors: Gupta
authors: Lígia M
authors: LM
authors: Rodrigues
authors: Ana P
authors: AP
authors: Esteves
authors: Ana M F
authors: AM
authors: Oliveira-Campos
authors: M São José
authors: MS
authors: Nascimento
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Nazareth
authors: Honorina
authors: H
authors: Cidade
authors: Marta P
authors: MP
authors: Neves
authors: Eduarda
authors: E
authors: Fernandes
authors: Madalena
authors: M
authors: Pinto
authors: Nuno M F S A
authors: NM
authors: Cerqueira
authors: Natércia
authors: N
authors: Brás
mesh_terms: D000493:Allopurinol / Q000737:chemistry; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009570:Nitriles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009570:Nitriles; D011720:Pyrazoles; D000493:Allopurinol; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase