title: Relatively light general anesthesia is more effective than fluid expansion in reducing the severity of epinephrine-induced hypotension during functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epinephrine infiltration of the nasal mucosa causes hypotension during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) under general anesthesia. A prospective randomized-controlled study was designed to determine whether relatively light general anesthesia is superior to fluid expansion in reducing epinephrine-induced hypotension during FESS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety patients undergoing elective FESS under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to three groups with 30 patients in each. Each patient received local infiltration with adrenaline-containing (5 microg/ml) lidocaine (1%, 4 ml) under different conditions. For Group I, anesthesia was maintained with propofol 2 microg/ml and rimifentanil 2 ng/ml by TCI. Group II (control group) and Group III received propofol 4 microg/ml and rimifentanil 4 ng/ml, respectively. In Groups I and II, fluid expansion was performed with hetastarch 5 ml/kg within 20 minutes; hetastarch 10 ml/kg was used in Group III. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at 30-second-intervals for 5 minutes after the beginning of local infiltration. Simultaneously, the lowest and the highest MAP were recorded to calculate the mean maximum increase or decrease percent in MAP for all patients in each group. Data analysis was performed by chi(2) test, one-way analysis of variance, or one-way analysis of covariance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemodynamic changes, particularly a decrease in MAP accompanied by an increase in HR at 1.5 minutes (P < 0.05), were observed in all groups. The mean maximum decrease in MAP below baseline was 14% in Group I, 24% in Group III and 26% in Group II. There were statistically significant differences between Group I and Groups II and III (P < 0.05). The mean maximum increase in MAP above baseline was 9% in Group I, 6% in Group III and 2% in Group II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relatively light general anesthesia can reduce the severity of epinephrine-induced hypotension more effectively than fluid expansion during FESS under general anesthesia.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors: Wei-yan
authors: WY
authors: Li
authors: Zhi-qiang
authors: ZQ
authors: Zhou
authors: Jun-feng
authors: JF
authors: Ji
authors: Ze-qing
authors: ZQ
authors: Li
authors: Jian-jun
authors: JJ
authors: Yang
authors: Ruo-jing
authors: RJ
authors: Shang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D004724:Endoscopy; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000601:surgery*; D010953:Plasma Volume; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D004837:Epinephrine