title: Purified and surfactant-free coenzyme Q10-loaded biodegradable nanoparticles.
abstract: The intent of this work was to synthesize and comprehensively characterize ubiquinone-loaded, surfactant-free biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles in vitro. Surfactant-free, empty and ubiquinone (CoQ10)-loaded biodegradable nanoparticles were synthesized by nanoprecipitation, and the physicochemical properties of these nanoparticles were analyzed with a variety of techniques. Nanoprecipitation consistently yielded individual, sub-200nm, surfactant-free empty and CoQ10-loaded nanoparticles, where the physical and drug encapsulation characteristics were controlled by varying the formulation parameters. CoQ10 release was sustained for 2 weeks but then plateaued before 100% CoQ10 release. A novel, nondestructive purification protocol involving transient sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) adsorption to nanoparticles followed by centrifugation and dialysis was developed to yield purified, surfactant-free, CoQ10-loaded nanoparticles. This protocol permitted removal of unencapsulated CoQ10, prevented centrifugation-induced nanoparticle aggregation and preserved the surfactant-free and drug encapsulation properties of the nanoparticles. These CoQ10-loaded nanoparticles are promising as sustained drug delivery devices due to their extended CoQ10 release. Importantly, a surfactant-free nanoprecipitation procedure is presented that in combination with a novel purification step enables the synthesis of individual and purified CoQ10-loaded nanoparticles.
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors: Barrett J
authors: BJ
authors: Nehilla
authors: Magnus
authors: M
authors: Bergkvist
authors: Ketul C
authors: KC
authors: Popat
authors: Tejal A
authors: TA
authors: Desai
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D003067:Coenzymes / Q000737:chemistry; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry; D006016:Glycolates / Q000737:chemistry; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008027:Light; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D010316:Particle Size; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D055672:Static Electricity; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003067:Coenzymes; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006016:Glycolates; D012997:Solvents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014451:Ubiquinone; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; C024989:coenzyme Q10