Cloning and characterization of a novel MyoD enhancer-binding factor.
Glucocorticoid-induced gene-1 (Gig1) was identified in a yeast one-hybrid screen for factors that interact with the MyoD core enhancer. The Gig1 gene encodes a novel C2H2 zinc finger protein that shares a high degree of sequence similarity with two known DNA binding proteins in humans, Glut4 enhancer factor and papillomavirus binding factor (PBF). The mouse ortholog of PBF was also isolated in the screen. The DNA binding domain of Gig1, which contains TCF-E-tail CR1 and CR2 motifs shown to mediate promoter specificity of TCF-E-tail isoforms, was mapped to a C-terminal domain that is highly conserved in Glut4 enhancer factor and PBF. In mouse embryos, in situ hybridization revealed a restricted pattern of expression of Gig1 that overlaps with MyoD expression. A nuclear-localized lacZ knockin null allele of Gig1 was produced to study Gig1 expression with greater resolution and to assess Gig1 functions. X-gal staining of Gig1(nlacZ) heterozygous embryos revealed Gig1 expression in myotomal myocytes, skeletal muscle precursors in the limb, and in nascent muscle fibers of the body wall, head and neck, and limbs through E14.5 (latest stage examined). Gig1 was also expressed in a subset of Scleraxis-positive tendon precursors/rudiments of the limbs, but not in the earliest tendon precursors of the somite (syndetome) defined by Scleraxis expression. Additional regions of Gig1 expression included the apical ectodermal ridge, neural tube roof plate and floor plate, apparent motor neurons in the ventral neural tube, otic vesicles, notochord, and several other tissues representing all three germ layers. Gig1 expression was particularly well represented in epithelial tissues and in a number of cells/tissues of neural crest origin. Expression of both the endogenous MyoD gene and a reporter gene driven by MyoD regulatory elements was similar in wild-type and homozygous null Gig1(nlacZ) embryos, and mutant mice were viable and fertile, indicating that the functions of Gig1 are redundant with other factors.
Yamamoto
Masakazu
M
Center for Regenerative Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Watt
Christopher D
CD
Schmidt
Ryan J
RJ
Kuscuoglu
Unsal
U
Miesfeld
Roger L
RL
Goldhamer
David J
DJ
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D018390:Gene Targeting; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics; D017570:MyoD Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C524726:Gig1 protein, mouse; D017570:MyoD Protein; C057363:MyoD1 myogenic differentiation protein; C524727:PBF protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors
J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 4;275(31):23666-73
10825161
Nat Genet. 1999 Oct;23(2):213-6
10508520
Dev Dyn. 2001 Jul;221(3):274-88
11458388
Development. 2001 Oct;128(19):3855-66
11585810
Virology. 2002 Feb 1;293(1):103-17
11853404
Genesis. 2002 Mar;32(3):199-202
11892008
J Biol Chem. 2003 Feb 7;278(6):3776-85
12446687
Genome Res. 2003 Mar;13(3):476-84
12618378
Cell. 2003 Apr 18;113(2):235-48
12705871
J Biol Chem. 2003 May 2;278(18):16169-75
12582159
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 9;100(25):14725-30
14630949
Dev Biol. 2004 Jan 15;265(2):502-12
14732408
J Biol Chem. 2004 Feb 20;279(8):7275-86
14625278
Gene. 1990 Sep 14;93(2):189-98
2121610
Science. 1992 Apr 24;256(5056):538-42
1315077
Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Nov;12(11):4994-5003
1328870
Cell. 1993 Dec 31;75(7):1351-9
8269513
Development. 1995 Mar;121(3):637-49
7720572
Development. 1995 Apr;121(4):1099-110
7743923
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1995 Feb 27;108(1-2):R1-7
7758820
Nature. 1995 Jun 29;375(6534):787-90
7596411
Dev Biol. 1995 Oct;171(2):386-98
7556922
Genes Dev. 1995 Dec 1;9(23):2911-22
7498788
Genes Dev. 1995 Dec 15;9(24):3038-50
8543150
Cell. 1996 Feb 9;84(3):461-71
8608600
Development. 1996 Apr;122(4):1147-55
8620841
Cell. 1997 Apr 4;89(1):127-38
9094721
Development. 1998 Nov;125(21):4155-62
9753670
Dev Biol. 1999 Feb 15;206(2):219-31
9986734
Development. 1999 May;126(9):1957-65
10101129
Development. 1999 Sep;126(18):4053-63
10457014
Anat Embryol (Berl). 1999 Oct;200(4):367-75
10460474
Development. 2000 Dec;127(23):5213-24
11060246