title: [Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, tuberculosis and risk of lung cancer: the Korean multi-center cancer cohort study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, tuberculosis, and their interactions in the risk of lung cancer in a Korean cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study subjects comprised 13,150 males and females aged above 20 years old. During the follow up period from 1993 to 2002, 79 lung cancer cases were identified by the central cancer registry and the national death certificate database. Information on cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and the history of physician-diagnosed tuberculosis was obtained by interview. Indirect chest X-ray findings were also evaluated to ascertain tuberculosis cases. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) after adjusting for age and gender.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cigarette smoking was statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer [for current smokers, RR = 2.33 (95% CI = 1.23 - 4.42) compared to non-smokers]. After further adjustment for cigarette smoking, both alcohol consumption and tuberculosis showed no statistically significant association with the risk of lung cancer [for current drinkers, RR = 0.80 (95% CI = 0.48 - 1.33) compared to non-drinkers] [for tuberculosis cases, RR = 1.17 (95% CI = 0.58 - 2.36) compared to non-cases]. There was no statistically significant interaction between cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption (p-interaction = 0.38), or cigarette smoking and tuberculosis (p-interaction = 0.74).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although cigarette smoking was confirmed as a risk factor of lung cancer in this cohort study, this study suggests that alcohol consumption and tuberculosis may not be associated with the risk of lung cancer.
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea.
authors: Jisuk
authors: J
authors: Bae
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: Gwack
authors: Sue Kyung
authors: SK
authors: Park
authors: Hai-Rim
authors: HR
authors: Shin
authors: Soung-Hoon
authors: SH
authors: Chang
authors: Keun-Young
authors: KY
authors: Yoo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications*