title: Transplantation of autologous mononuclear bone marrow stem cells in patients with peripheral arterial disease (the TAM-PAD study).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For patients with severe, chronic limb ischemia in many cases interventional or surgical treatment is not possible anymore. In the past, both intramuscular and intraarterial transplantation of autologous BMCs had been proved therapeutically beneficial. The TAM-PAD study is the first one to analyze combined intraarterial and intramuscular BMC transplantation in its acute and long-term effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  13 patients with chronically ischemic limbs due to peripheral arterial disease (Fontaine stage IIb) were recruited and underwent follow-up examinations after 2 and 13 months. Mononuclear cells from bone marrow were injected intramuscular and intraarterial into the ischemic limb.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In contrast to the control group, after 2 months the pain-free walking distance of the transplanted patients significantly increased (from 147 +/- 90 to 500 +/- 614 m, p = 0.001). Furthermore the ankle-brachial index was significantly improved (at rest from 0.66+/-0.18 to 0.80+/-0.15, p = 0.003, after stress from 0.64 +/- 0.19 to 0.76 +/- 0.16, p = 0.006). Similar improvement was documented in capillary-venous oxygen-saturation (thigh from 59 +/- 9 to 66 +/- 5, p = 0.005, lower leg from 56 +/- 14 to 63 +/- 5, p = 0.021) and venous occlusion plethysmography (rest from 2.1 +/- 0.7 to 2.5 +/- 0.7, p = 0.009, mean reactive hyperemia from 5.3 +/- 1.8 to 7.2 +/- 1.8, p = 0.003, and peak flow from 7.2 +/- 3.2 to 10.8 +/- 2.8, p = 0.002). After 13 months these positive effects persisted at their improved level. No side effects or complications were monitored.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined intraarterial and intramuscular transplantation of autologous mononuclear bone marrow stem cells is a clinically feasible and minimally invasive therapeutic option for patients with severe chronic peripheral occlusive arterial disease.
authors: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. Bartsch@med.uni-duesseldorf.de
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Bartsch
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Brehm
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Zeus
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Kögler
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Wernet
authors: B E
authors: BE
authors: Strauer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
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