title: Rapid analysis of metabolites and drugs of abuse from urine samples by desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry.
abstract: Urine samples obtained from drug abusers were screened for drugs of abuse and their metabolites using DESI-MS and the results obtained were compared to results obtained from GC-MS experiments. The detected analyte classes included amphetamines, opiates, cannabinoids and benzodiazepines. The compounds detected were codeine, morphine, oxymorphone, 11-nor-9-carboxy-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, alprazolam, temazepam, oxazepam, N-desmethyldiazepam (nordiazepam) and hydroxytemazepam. Identities of all the analytes were confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry, matching MS/MS spectra with authentic standard compounds. The concentrations of the analytes in the samples were obtained from semi-quantitative GC-MS studies and were in the range of 270-22,000 ng mL(-1). The analytes could be detected by DESI even after a hundred-fold dilution indicating that the sensitivity of DESI was more than adequate for this study. Selectivity in the DESI-MS measurements for different kinds of analytes could be increased further by optimizing the spray solvent composition: the use of an entirely aqueous solvent enhanced the signal of polar analytes, such as the benzodiazepines, whereas the use of a spray solvent with a high organic content increased the signal of less polar analytes, such as codeine and morphine.
authors: Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA.
authors: Tiina J
authors: TJ
authors: Kauppila
authors: Nari
authors: N
authors: Talaty
authors: Tiia
authors: T
authors: Kuuranne
authors: Tapio
authors: T
authors: Kotiaho
authors: Risto
authors: R
authors: Kostiainen
authors: R Graham
authors: RG
authors: Cooks
mesh_terms: D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000652:urine*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs