title: Radical nanomedicine.
abstract: Nanotechnology has made significant advances in the reduction of free radical damage in the field of materials science. Cross-disciplinary interactions and the application of this technology to biological systems has led to the elucidation of novel nanoparticle antioxidants, which are the subject of this review. Recent reports suggest that cerium oxide and other nanoparticles are potent, and probably regenerative, free radical scavengers in vitro and in vivo. The neuroprotective, longevity-enhancing and anti-inflammatory properties of nanoparticles are summarized and hypotheses regarding their unique mechanism of action are presented. The chemical and physical properties of antioxidant nanoparticles are discussed in an interdisciplinary manner, with emphasis on biological properties and biomedical applications. Additionally, the need for alterations in traditional pharmacological parameters of dose and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are discussed and future directions necessary for bringing nanoparticle antioxidants into the realm of clinical reality are presented.
authors: Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine and Virginia Polytechnic & State University, NanoNeuroLab Research II Building, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA. brzigali@vcom.vt.edu
authors: Beverly A
authors: BA
authors: Rzigalinski
authors: Kathleen
authors: K
authors: Meehan
authors: Richey M
authors: RM
authors: Davis
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Xu
authors: William C
authors: WC
authors: Miles
authors: Courtney A
authors: CA
authors: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015195:Drug Design; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants