Connective-tissue responses to defined biomaterial surfaces. I. Growth of rat fibroblast and bone marrow cell colonies on microgrooved substrates.
Surface microgeometry plays a role in tissue-implant surface interactions, but our understanding of its effects is incomplete. Substrate microgrooves strongly influence cells in vitro, as evidenced by contact guidance and cell alignment. We studied "dot" colonies of primary fibroblasts and bone marrow cells that were grown on titanium-coated, microgrooved polystyrene surfaces that we designed and produced. Rat tendon fibroblast and rat bone marrow colony growth and migration varied (p < 0.01) by microgroove dimension and slightly by cell type. We observed profoundly altered morphologies, reduced growth rates, and directional growth in colonies grown on microgrooved substrates, when compared with colonies grown on flat, control surfaces (p < 0.01). The cells in our colonies grown on microgrooved surfaces were well aligned and elongated in the direction parallel to the grooves and colonies. Our "dot" colony is an easily reproduced, easily measured and artificial explant model of tissue-implant interactions that better approximates in vivo implant responses than culturing isolated cells on biomaterials. Our results correlate well with in vivo studies of titanium dioxide-coated polystyrene, titanium, and titanium alloy implants with controlled microgeometries. Microgrooves and other surface features appear to directionally or spatially organize cells and matrix molecules in ways that contribute to improved stabilization and osseointegration of implants.
Ricci
John L
JL
Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, College of Dentistry, New York University, 335 East 24 Street, New York, New York 10003, USA.
Grew
John C
JC
Alexander
Harold
H
D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002465:Cell Movement; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D011137:Polystyrenes; D051381:Rats; D013499:Surface Properties; D013710:Tendons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium
D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011137:Polystyrenes; D014025:Titanium