title: Lesion characteristics, NIH stroke scale, and functional recovery after stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the relationships between the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and physical, cognitive, and social participation outcomes across subpopulations of stroke survivors on the basis of cortical involvement and lesion lateralization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Families in Recovery from Stroke Trial participants were classified with respect to lesion lateralization (n = 274) and cortical involvement (n = 158). NIHSS scores (average 13 days after stroke) were used to predict Physical Performance Test times (PPT), limitations in activities of daily living (Augmented Barthel Index (ABI)), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), cognitive function, depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale [CES-D]), and productive, recreational, self-care, and social role activities 3 and 6 mos later. We compared the relationship between NIHSS and each outcome in stroke subgroups classified by lesion lateralization and cortical involvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NIHSS predicted physical performance, activities of daily living, and IADL independence. The association between NIHSS and both PPT and IADLs was less steep for patients with cortical lesions than for patients with exclusively subcortical lesions. NIHSS predicted physical performance, activities of daily living, or IADLs similarly for right- and left-hemisphere strokes, but hemisphere modified the association between NIHSS and CES-D and cognitive measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NIHSS may predict outcomes in subpopulations of stroke survivors with subcortical lesions better than in patients with cortical involvement. NIHSS predicted CES-D in patients with right-sided lesions but not in those with left-sided lesions. In contrast, NIHSS had little association with cognitive outcomes among patients without left-side involvement.
authors: Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors: M Maria
authors: MM
authors: Glymour
authors: Lisa F
authors: LF
authors: Berkman
authors: Karen A
authors: KA
authors: Ertel
authors: Martha E
authors: ME
authors: Fay
authors: Thomas A
authors: TA
authors: Glass
authors: Karen L
authors: KL
authors: Furie
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D020127:Recovery of Function; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D020521:Stroke / Q000473:pathology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014481:United States