title: Initial evaluation of new 99mTc(CO)3 renal imaging agents having carboxyl-rich thioether ligands and chemical characterization of ReCO3 analogues.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The first human studies of a characterized radiopharmaceutical containing a {(99m)Tc(CO)(3)}(+) core, Na[(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(LAN)], demonstrated that Na[(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(LAN)] was an excellent renal imaging agent; however, its clearance was less than that of (131)I-orthoiodohippurate ((131)I-OIH), and it did not provide a direct measure of effective renal plasma flow. In order to develop a (99m)Tc renal agent with pharmacokinetic properties equivalent to those of (131)I-OIH, we investigated the (99m)Tc(CO)(3)/Re(CO)(3) complexes formed from carboxymethylmercaptosuccinic acid (CMSAH(3)) and thiodisuccinic acid (TDSAH(4)). Once the ligand is bound to (99m)Tc(CO)(3) through a thioether and two carboxyl groups, the complexes have at least one unbound carboxyl group, essential for the interaction with the renal tubular transporter.
  
  
  METHODS
  X-ray crystal structural analysis of [NMe(4)][Re(CO)(3)(CMSAH)] was performed to interpret the nature of (99m)Tc tracers. CMSAH(3) and TDSAH(4) were radiolabeled by incubating each ligand and the precursor [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(H(2)O)(3)](+) at 70 degrees C (pH 7) for 30 min. The products were purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and biodistribution studies were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats, with (131)I-OIH as an internal control at 10 and 60 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radiolabeling CMSAH(3) and TDSAH(4) with the [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(H(2)O)(3)](+) precursor gave products quantitatively. Analysis of the Re(CO)(3) complexes with the CMSAH(3) and TDSAH(4) ligands demonstrates that ligands are bound in (99m)Tc/Re(CO)(3) complexes through a thioether and two deprotonated carboxyl groups (forming tridentate dianionic moieties, generally with two 5-membered chelate rings). Renal excretion at 60 min (activity in the urine as a percentage of (131)I-OIH) was 68+/-1% for Na(3)[(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(TDSA)] but was 98+/-1% for Na(2)[(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(CMSA)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In rats, Na(2)[(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(CMSA)] is extracted by the kidneys and eliminated in the urine almost as rapidly as (131)I-OIH; consequently, Na(2)[(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(CMSA)] may provide a direct measure of effective renal plasma flow, and further evaluation in humans is warranted.
authors: Department of Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors: Haiyang
authors: H
authors: He
authors: Malgorzata
authors: M
authors: Lipowska
authors: Anna Maria
authors: AM
authors: Christoforou
authors: Luigi G
authors: LG
authors: Marzilli
authors: Andrew T
authors: AT
authors: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011868:Radioisotopes; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012211:Rhenium; D013440:Sulfides; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: C511834:99mTc(CO)3(LAN); D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008024:Ligands; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D011868:Radioisotopes; D013440:Sulfides; C476042:triaquatricarbonylrhenium(I); D012211:Rhenium
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