Targets of checkpoints controlling mitosis: lessons from lower eukaryotes.
Prevention of mitosis if DNA is damaged, or not fully replicated, is a widespread mechanism used by eukaryotic cells to maintain their ploidy and prevent accumulation of mutations. Such 'checkpoints' must inhibit mitotic regulators to prevent mitotic progression when DNA is not ready for segregation. The mitotic regulators targeted for negative regulation by these checkpoints differ among cell types, but two conserved targets have emerged, the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) and tyrosine phosphorylation of p34(cdc2). One potential downstream target of both these regulators has also been identified, the mitosis-promoting NIMA kinase.
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