title: Visual attention in driving: the effects of cognitive load and visual disruption.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the effect of cognitive load on guidance of visual attention.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have shown that cognitive load can undermine driving performance, particularly drivers' ability to detect safety-critical events. Cognitive load combined with the loss of exogenous cues, which can occur when the driver briefly glances away from the roadway, may be particularly detrimental.
  
  
  METHODS
  In each of two experiments, twelve participants engaged in an auditory task while performing a change detection task. A change blindness paradigm was implemented to mask exogenous cues by periodically blanking the screen in a driving simulator while a change occurred. Performance measures included participants' sensitivity to vehicle changes and confidence in detecting them.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cognitive load uniformly diminished participants' sensitivity and confidence, independent of safety relevance or lack of exogenous cues. Periodic blanking, which simulated glances away from the road-way, undermined change detection to a greater degree than did cognitive load; however, drivers' confidence in their ability to detect changes was diminished more by cognitive load than by periodic blanking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cognitive load and short glances away from the road are additive in their tendency to increase the likelihood of drivers missing safety-critical events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the need to consider the combined consequence of cognitive load and brief glances away from the road in the design of emerging in-vehicle devices and the need to provide drivers with better feedback regarding these consequences.
authors: Institute of Aviation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Savoy, Illinois, USA.
authors: Yi-Ching
authors: YC
authors: Lee
authors: John D
authors: JD
authors: Lee
authors: Linda Ng
authors: LN
authors: Boyle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001334:Automobile Driving; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014481:United States; D014785:Vision, Ocular