title: Complex regulation of human cathelicidin gene expression: novel splice variants and 5'UTR negative regulatory element.
abstract: Cationic antimicrobial peptides play important roles in host defense, linking innate and adaptive immunity. hCAP18, the only human antimicrobial cathelicidin, consists of a conserved N-terminal cathelin-like domain and a C-terminal peptide, LL-37. Expression is regulated during myeloid differentiation, and tightly controlled during infection and inflammation, suggesting active regulation. Using 5' RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends), multiple transcription initiation sites were identified, as well as new splice variants leading to novel augmentations of hCAP18 amino acid composition in bone marrow but not peripheral blood neutrophils. Having expressed hCAP18 promoter constructs in cell lines, we found that full-length (-1739) and truncated (-978) promoter constructs had lower luciferase activities than 5'UTR deletion constructs. Transient transfection of progressively deleted constructs in the non-permissive K562 cell line led us to identify a negative regulatory element within the 53 bp immediately upstream of the ATG of hCAP18. Additionally, transient transfection of 5' deletion constructs identified a positive regulatory element within the 101 bases 5' of promoter sequence containing two GT-boxes. Negative and positive regulatory elements within the hCAP18 gene promoter provide new insights into the possible molecular basis of myeloid gene expression.
authors: Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, CRC B3-4141, MSC 1684, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors: Houda Zghal
authors: HZ
authors: Elloumi
authors: Steven M
authors: SM
authors: Holland
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics*; D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019295:Computational Biology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D054804:Cathelicidins
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014212:Tretinoin; D008156:Luciferases; D054804:Cathelicidins
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