title: Frictional properties of aesthetic brackets.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the frictional properties of two self-ligating aesthetic brackets, Opal (Ultradent Products) and Oyster (Gestenco Int.), with those of four conventionally ligated aesthetic brackets, Transcend (3M Unitek), Inspire (Ormco), Allure (GAC Int.), and Image (Gestenco Int.). Friction was tested with different wire dimensions and qualities [stainless steel (SS) wire 0.017 x 0.025 inches; SS 0.019 x 0.025 inches; TMA 0.019 x 0.025 inches] using a Zwick testing machine. All brackets had a 0.022-inch slot and the prescription of an upper first premolar of the Roth system (tip: 0 degrees, torque: -7 degree). Each bracket/archwire combination was tested 10 times and each test was performed with a new bracket/wire sample that was pulled through twice. Additionally, two sets of 30 Opal brackets each were aged with an ageing machine under standardized conditions for 9-10 and 18-20 months, respectively. Friction of the aged brackets was tested with identical wire dimensions and qualities using the same testing procedure. All data were statistically analysed with unsigned comparisons of all bracket/wire combinations using GLM and the Games-Howell post hoc test. The results showed Opal brackets to have the lowest frictional forces for all wire dimensions and qualities. Furthermore, friction was lower at a significant level (P </= 0.05) compared with all other brackets. Only the Oyster bracket had similar values in combination with a 0.019 x 0.025 inch SS wire. Aged Opal brackets showed higher values than new ones, but still lower frictional forces than the four conventional aesthetic brackets. Friction was comparable with the new Oyster bracket.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Germany. claudia.reicheneder@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Reicheneder
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Baumert
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Gedrange
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Proff
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Faltermeier
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Muessig
mesh_terms: D002516:Ceramics; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D017276:Friction; D008982:Molybdenum; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D013193:Stainless Steel; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D013193:Stainless Steel; D008982:Molybdenum; D014025:Titanium