Potential contribution of naïve immune effectors to oral tumor resistance: role in synergistic induction of VEGF, IL-6, and IL-8 secretion.
The aim of this study is to identify the phenotype of resistant oral tumors, and to delineate the contribution of immune effectors to resistance of oral tumors. UCLA-1 oral tumors which were resistant to NK cell mediated cytotoxicity secreted increased amounts of IL-6, IL-1beta, GM-CSF, and IL-8 when cultured with or without immune effectors. In addition, the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion in the co-cultures of naïve immune effectors with UCLA-1 rose significantly when compared to tumor cells alone. IL-2 activated NK cells decreased VEGF secretion in all tumor cells. However, NK cells which were induced to undergo cell death with anti-CD16 antibody were not only unable to decrease VEGF secretion, but they also contributed further to the increase in VEGF secretion by oral tumors. Overall, we show in this paper that naïve as well as non-viable immune effectors may contribute to the growth and resistance of oral tumors by triggering the secretion of key tumor cell growth factors.
Teruel
Antonia
A
The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dental Research Institute, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. teruel@usc.edu
Romero
Marcela
M
Cacalano
Nicholas A
NA
Head
Christian
C
Jewett
Anahid
A
D016923:Cell Death / Q000276:immunology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019139:Tumor Escape / Q000276:immunology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
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