title: Periodontal therapy alters gene expression of peripheral blood monocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effects of periodontal therapy on gene expression of peripheral blood monocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with periodontitis gave blood samples at four time points: 1 week before periodontal treatment (#1), at treatment initiation (baseline, #2), 6-week (#3) and 10-week post-baseline (#4). At baseline and 10 weeks, periodontal status was recorded and subgingival plaque samples were obtained. Periodontal therapy (periodontal surgery and extractions without adjunctive antibiotics) was completed within 6 weeks. At each time point, serum concentrations of 19 biomarkers were determined. Peripheral blood monocytes were purified, RNA was extracted, reverse-transcribed, labelled and hybridized with AffymetrixU133Plus2.0 chips. Expression profiles were analysed using linear random-effects models. Further analysis of gene ontology terms summarized the expression patterns into biologically relevant categories. Differential expression of selected genes was confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in a subset of patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment resulted in a substantial improvement in clinical periodontal status and reduction in the levels of several periodontal pathogens. Expression profiling over time revealed more than 11,000 probe sets differentially expressed at a false discovery rate of <0.05. Approximately 1/3 of the patients showed substantial changes in expression in genes relevant to innate immunity, apoptosis and cell signalling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that periodontal therapy may alter monocytic gene expression in a manner consistent with a systemic anti-inflammatory effect.
authors: Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. pp192@columbia.edu
authors: Panos N
authors: PN
authors: Papapanou
authors: Michael H
authors: MH
authors: Sedaghatfar
authors: Ryan T
authors: RT
authors: Demmer
authors: Dana L
authors: DL
authors: Wolf
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Yang
authors: Georg A
authors: GA
authors: Roth
authors: Romanita
authors: R
authors: Celenti
authors: Paul B
authors: PB
authors: Belusko
authors: Evanthia
authors: E
authors: Lalla
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Pavlidis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012313:RNA
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