title: Surgical treatment of posttransplant bronchial stenoses: case reports.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bronchial stenoses are still a frequent complication after lung transplantation. The stenosis usually involves the anastomotic site, but rarely a distal site. The first choice treatment is an endoscopic balloon dilatation, laser ablation, and stenting. Unrelenting strictures may require an open surgical approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1995 and 2006, 154 patients underwent lung transplantation, including 134 who survived the perioperative period and were followed to evaluate the incidence of bronchial stenosis. Among 219 anastomoses at risk, 13 (5.9%) stenoses occurred in 11 patients. Conservative endoscopic management was effective for eight patients, but a surgical approach was necessary for three patients with segmental distal stenosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient received a lower sleeve bilobectomy; one patient, wedge bronchoplasty of the bronchus intermedius; and another patient, an isolated sleeve resection of the bronchus intermedius. All patients had good outcomes with resolution of stenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although rare, the surgical approach for bronchial strictures after lung transplantation is a good option. Parenchyma-sparing techniques are feasible and effective.
authors: Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. beppemarulli@libero.it
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Marulli
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Loy
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Rizzardi
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Calabrese
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Feltracco
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Sartori
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Rea
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001982:Bronchial Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome