title: Tie--an accessory fashion detail or a symbol?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The first aim of this study was to establish the frequency of wearing a tie or business neckerchief on different occasions and in relation to age and educational level. The second aim was to establish whether men who frequently wear a tie were attributed certain characteristics more often than men who rarely wear a tie and to establish whether there were differences in the attribution of these characteristics according to sex, age, educational level, and the frequency of wearing a tie.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected in 2005 by a method of face to face interview on a national representative sample (n = 1007). Participants estimated how often they wore a tie or business neckerchief on 9 different occasions. They also estimated whether each of 14 characteristics was more pronounced in men who frequently wear a tie.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tie was most frequently worn on festive and formal occasions,such as weddings and festive gatherings, and least frequently on family gatherings and when traveling. On all occasions, tie was more often worn by men of higher educational level and of older and middle age. A relatively small proportion of Croatian citizens based their conclusions on men's characteristics on the frequency of wearing a tie. Men who frequently wear a tie were relatively most often attributed the characteristics of ambition, politeness, and respectability, with significant differences found between persons who attributed these characteristics according to sex, age, educational level, and the frequency of wearing a tie by the participants themselves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wearing a tie or neckerchief is an exception rather than a rule for most of the Croatian population, and is associated only with specific, primarily festive and formal occasions. Such use of the tie suggests that people adapt their style of clothing to the expectations of others and use it as a specific symbol of the occasion.
authors: Ivo Pilar Institute of Social Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia. vlado.sakic@pilar.hr
authors: Vlado
authors: V
authors: Sakić
authors: Renata
authors: R
authors: Franc
authors: Ines
authors: I
authors: Ivicić
authors: Jelena
authors: J
authors: Maricić
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003020:Clothing / Q000523:psychology*; D017523:Croatia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009633:Nonverbal Communication
references: J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003 Jun;84(6):1236-56
references: 12793587
references: Br J Psychiatry. 1997 Sep;171:228-32
references: 9337974