title: Removal of 2,4-dinitrotoluene from concrete using bioremediation, agar extraction, and photocatalysis.
abstract: Three methods, i.e. bioremediation by application of bacteria-laden agar, physical absorption of DNT by agar, or illumination by UV light were evaluated for the removal of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) from building-grade concrete. DNT biodegradation by Pseudomonas putida TOD was turned "on" and "off" by using toluene as a co-substrate thus allowing for rate-limiting step assessment. Bioremediation efficiency can be > 95-97% in 5-7 d if the process occurs at optimum growth temperature with the biological processes appearing to be rate-limiting. Sterile agar can remove up to 80% of DNT from concrete thus allowing DNT desorption and biodegradation to be conducted separately. Photoremediation results in 50% DNT removal in 9-12 d with no further removal, most likely due to mass transfer limitations.
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
authors: S R
authors: SR
authors: Phutane
authors: J N
authors: JN
authors: Renner
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Nelson
authors: W S
authors: WS
authors: Seames
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Páca
authors: T J
authors: TJ
authors: Sundstrom
authors: E I
authors: EI
authors: Kozliak
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000362:Agar / Q000737:chemistry*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002384:Catalysis; D003252:Construction Materials / Q000032:analysis* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D010777:Photochemistry; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000378:metabolism*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D004136:Dinitrobenzenes; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C016403:2,4-dinitrotoluene; D000362:Agar
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