title: Effects of normothermic organ bath and verapamil-nitroglycerin solution alone or in combination on the blood flow of radial artery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radial artery pedicle tissue cooling during harvesting is one of the major causes of vasospasm. We aimed to compare the effects of the pedicle rewarming method, normothermic organ bath, and one of the most preferred topical antispasmodic agents, verapamil-nitroglycerin solution alone or in combination on the blood flow of radial artery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutively randomized patients (n=80) undergoing coronary bypass were organized as four equal-sized groups. Effects of normothermic organ bath and topically performed verapamil-nitroglycerin solution alone or in combination on the blood flow of radial artery were investigated. In the control group no antispasmodic treatment was performed. Free flows were measured at three stages: as initial flow after minimal distal harvesting, post-harvesting flow after total harvesting, and post-treatment flow following a waiting period after the application of the antispasmodic protocol. At each stage, pedicle and esophageal temperatures were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radial artery pedicle temperatures decreased significantly during harvesting in all groups (p<0.001). Normothermic organ bath, topical verapamil-nitroglycerin solution treatment, and their combination increased flow significantly (p<0.001, from 40.3+/-10.48 ml/min to 64.3+/-18.8 ml/min, from 38.9+/-13.91 ml/min to 62.75+/-15.23 ml/min, from 41.4+/-11.19 ml/min to 75.4+/-15.32 ml/min, respectively). The differences between the initial and post-treatment flows were not significant in the combined procedure group (p>0.05), whereas the initial levels were not reached in the post-treatment flows (p<0.05) in the normothermic organ bath and verapamil-nitroglycerin groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypothermia plays an important role in radial artery vasospasm. Normothermic organ bath and verapamil-nitroglycerin solution alone or in combination relieve spasm of radial artery.
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Dr. Siyami Ersek, Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34732, Turkey. atarhan@gmail.com
authors: Ibrahim Arif
authors: IA
authors: Tarhan
authors: Tamer
authors: T
authors: Kehlibar
authors: Yucesin
authors: Y
authors: Arslan
authors: Mehmet
authors: M
authors: Yilmaz
authors: Mert
authors: M
authors: Dumantepe
authors: Kazim
authors: K
authors: Berkoz
authors: Cansin
authors: C
authors: Pancaroglu
authors: Azmi
authors: A
authors: Ozler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001831:Body Temperature; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000637:transplantation; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D013035:Spasm / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014700:Verapamil / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D014700:Verapamil; D005996:Nitroglycerin