Aging and cardioprotection.
Advanced age is a strong independent predictor for death, disability, and morbidity in patients with structural heart disease. With the projected increase in the elderly population and the prevalence of age-related cardiovascular disabilities worldwide, the need to understand the biology of the aging heart, the mechanisms for age-mediated cardiac vulnerability, and the development of strategies to limit myocardial dysfunction in the elderly have never been more urgent. Experimental evidence in animal models indicate attenuation in cardioprotective pathways with aging, yet limited information is available regarding age-related changes in the human heart. Human cardiac aging generates a complex phenotype, only partially replicated in animal models. Here, we summarize current understanding of the aging heart stemming from clinical and experimental studies, and we highlight targets for protection of the vulnerable senescent myocardium. Further progress mandates assessment of human tissue to dissect specific aging-associated genomic and proteomic dynamics, and their functional consequences leading to increased susceptibility of the heart to injury, a critical step toward designing novel therapeutic interventions to limit age-related myocardial dysfunction and promote healthy aging.
Jahangir
Arshad
A
Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. jahangir.arshad@mayo.edu
Sagar
Sandeep
S
Terzic
Andre
A
D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000378:metabolism; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002118:Calcium