title: The risk of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death amongst snuff users with or without a previous history of smoking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the risk of a first myocardial infarction (MI) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) amongst male snuff users.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a prospective incident case-referent study design nested in the population-based Västerbotten Intervention Program and the Northern Sweden MONICA study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tobacco habits and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed at baseline screening and compared in 525 male MI cases (including 93 SCD cases) and 1798 matched referents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Myocardial infarction occurred on average 4 years and 2 months after the baseline screening. No increased risk for MI was found amongst snuff users without a previous history of smoking compared with nontobacco users after adjustments for body mass index, leisure time physical activity, educational level and cholesterol level (OR 0.82; 95% CI, 0.46-1.43). For snuff users with a previous history of smoking, the adjusted OR was 1.25 (95% CI, 0.80-1.96). Significantly increased risk for MI was found in current smokers with or without current snuff use. For SCD cases with survival time<24 h, the adjusted OR for snuff users without previous history of smoking was 1.18 (95% CI, 0.38-3.70) and for cases with survival time<1 h the OR was 0.38 (95% CI, 0.08-1.89).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no increased risk for MI amongst snuff users without a previous history of smoking. Amongst snuff users with a previous history of smoking, the tendency towards an increased risk for MI may reflect the residual risk from former smoking. This study does not support the hypothesis that the risk for SCD is increased amongst snuff users.
authors: Bureå Health Centre, Department of Medicine-Geriatric, Skellefteå County Hospital, Skellefteå, and Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden. patrik.wennberg@medforskskelet.se
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Wennberg
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Eliasson
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Hallmans
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Johansson
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Boman
authors: J-H
authors: JH
authors: Jansson
mesh_terms: D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects*