title: Endoscopic submucosal dissection used for treating early neoplasia of the foregut using a combination of knives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has emerged as a novel technique for achieving en bloc resection for early esophageal or gastric carcinoma limited to the mucosa. The authors report their experience with a combination of various devices to treat early neoplasia of the foregut using the ESD technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective case series, ESD was performed for early esophageal or gastric carcinoma limited to the mucosa. These lesions were staged by endoscopic ultrasonography before resection. Magnifying endoscopy and chromoendoscopy were used to locate the tumor and define the margin. The resection was accomplished with submucosal dissection using the insulated tip knife, the hook knife, and the triangular tip knife. The resected specimen was examined systematically for the lateral and deep margins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From January 2004 to March 2006, ESD was performed to manage 30 cases of early gastric or esophageal carcinoma. For 29 of these patients, R0 resection was successfully achieved. The mean operating time was 84.6 min. One patient experienced reactionary hemorrhage 12 h after resection, which was controlled endoscopically. There was no perforation. Most of the circumferential mucosal incisions were performed using the insulated tip knife (76.6%), whereas submucosal dissection was accomplished with a combination of various knives. One of the specimens showed involvement of the lateral margin, whereas another patient had two areas of new early gastric cancer 6 months after the initial procedure. These patients received salvage laparoscopically assisted gastrectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic submucosal dissection to manage early neoplasia of the foregut can be achieved safely and effectively with a combination of knives.
authors: Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32, Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong. philipchiu@surgery.cuhk.edu.hk
authors: P W Y
authors: PW
authors: Chiu
authors: K F
authors: KF
authors: Chan
authors: Y T
authors: YT
authors: Lee
authors: J J Y
authors: JJ
authors: Sung
authors: J Y W
authors: JY
authors: Lau
authors: E K W
authors: EK
authors: Ng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004210:Dissection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D019723:Endoscopes; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
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