title: Accuracy of implant placement based on pre-surgical planning of three-dimensional cone-beam images: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the precision of transfer of a computer-based three-dimensional (3D) planning, using re-formatted cone-beam images, for oral implant placement in partially edentulous jaws.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four formalin-fixed cadaver jaws were imaged in a 3D Accuitomo FPD cone-beam computed tomography (CT). Data were used to produce an accurate implant planning with a transfer to surgery by means of stereolithographic drill guides. Pre-operative cone-beam CT images were subsequently matched with post-operative ones to calculate the deviation between planned and installed implants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Placed implants (length: 10-15 mm) showed an average angular deviation of 2 degrees (SD: 0.8, range: 0.7-4.0 degrees ) as compared with the planning, while the mean linear deviation was 1.1 mm (SD: 0.7 mm, range 0.3-2.3 mm) at the hex and 2.0 mm (SD: 0.7 mm, range 0.7-2.4 mm) at the tip.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cone-beam images could be used for implant planning, taking into account a maximal 4 degrees angular and 2.4 mm linear deviation at the apical tip.
authors: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. nele.vanassche@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Van Assche
authors: D
authors: D
authors: van Steenberghe
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Guerrero
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Hirsch
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Schutyser
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Quirynen
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008689:Methacrylates; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010865:Pilot Projects; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D008689:Methacrylates