title: Free radical scavengers from Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) stapf plants cultivated in bioreactors by the temporary immersion (TIS) principle.
abstract: The biomass production of Cymbopogon citratus shoots cultivated in bioreactors according to the temporary immersion (TIS) principle was assessed under different growth conditions. The effect of gassing with CO2-enriched air, reduced immersion frequency, vessel size and culture time on total phenolic and flavonoid content and free radical scavenging effect of the methanolic extracts was measured. From the TIS-culture of C. citratus, seven compounds were isolated and identified as caffeic acid (1), chlorogenic acid (2), neochlorogenic acid (3), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), p-hydroxybenzoic acid 3-O-beta-D-glucoside (5), glutamic acid (6) and luteolin 6-C-fucopyranoside (7). The occurrence of compounds 1-7 and their variability in C. citratus grown under different TIS conditions was determined by HPLC. The free radical scavenging effect of the methanolic extract and compounds was measured by the discoloration of the free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The main metabolites in 6- and 8-week-old cultures, both in 5 and 10 1 vessels, were chlorogenic acid (2) (100-113 mg%) and neochlorogenic acid (3) (80-119 mg%), while in the cultures with CO2-enriched air and reduced immersion frequency the main compound detected in the extracts was glutamic acid (6) (400 and 670 mg% for the green and white biomass and 619 and 630 mg% for the green and white biomass, respectively). The most active compounds, as free radical scavengers, in the DPPH discoloration assay were caffeic acid (1), chlorogenic acid (2), neochlorogenic acid (3) and the flavonoid luteolin 6-C-fucopyranoside (7).
authors: Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Tapia
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Cheel
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Theoduloz
authors: Jaime
authors: J
authors: Rodríguez
authors: Guillermo
authors: G
authors: Schmeda-Hirschmann
authors: Andre
authors: A
authors: Gerth
authors: Dirk
authors: D
authors: Wilken
authors: Miguel
authors: M
authors: Jordan
authors: Elio
authors: E
authors: Jiménez-González
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Gomez-Kosky
authors: Elisa Quiala
authors: EQ
authors: Mendoza
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D031743:Cymbopogon / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006834:Hydrazines; D007101:Immersion; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism; D010851:Picrates
chemical_list: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006834:Hydrazines; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide