title: Sedation in patients above 60 years of age undergoing urological surgery under spinal anesthesia: comparison of propofol and midazolam infusions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Propofol and midazolam are commonly used sedatives during regional anesthesia in adults. Smaller doses of these drugs are required in older age due to altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the sedation, side-effects and the costs involved with smaller doses of propofol and midazolam in patients aged above 60 years during spinal anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized single-blind study was conducted in 60 ASA I-II patients aged > or = 60 years undergoing urological surgery under spinal anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sedation was administered after spinal anesthesia using propofol (bolus 0.4 mg.kg -1; infusion 3 mg/kg/hr) or midazolam (bolus 0.02 mg/kg; infusion 0.06 mg.kg -1.h -1) and titrated to achieve a sedation score of 3 on the modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale. Perioperative sedation, hemodynamics and respiratory events were monitored.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis for parametric data was done using Student's unpaired t test and the incidence data using Chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The onset (13.0+/-4.2 vs. 18.8+/-4.2 min, P < 0.001) and offset (8.9+/-2.8 vs. 12.5+/-3.5 min, P < 0.001) of sedation were faster and the duration of adequate sedation longer (44.7+/-12.5 vs. 29.8+/-12.9% of total infusion time, P < 0.001) with propofol than midazolam. More patients receiving propofol compared to midazolam had hypotension (16 [50%] vs.4 [14.3%], P= 0.003). Airway obstruction occurred frequently in both the groups. Sedation was significantly more expensive with propofol than midazolam (US$ 9.83 +/- 2.80 vs. US$ 0.33 +/- 0.06, P 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propofol provided better titration and adequacy of sedation than midazolam in patients above 60 years of age, but caused hypotension. Lighter sedation is recommended in this age group.
authors: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. sandhya.yaddanapudi@gmail.com
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Yaddanapudi
authors: Y K
authors: YK
authors: Batra
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Balagopal
authors: N G
authors: NG
authors: Nagdeve
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008874:Midazolam; D015742:Propofol