title: Endoureterotomy for treatment of primary obstructive megaureter in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a new approach to the treatment of primary obstructive megaureter (POMU) using endoscopic endoureterotomy. The results obtained with this technique are reviewed with long-term follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 47 children (mean age 3.7 years) with 52 POMU units and a history of failed conservative management underwent endoureterotomy of obstructed juxtavesical and intramural ureter. A 3F Double-J ureteral stent was introduced up to the obstructed segment of ureter. Then a zebra catheter was inserted into the affected ureter beside the stent, followed by a neonatal-size ureteroscope. Following delineation of the length of the narrowed portion of the ureter, a guidewire with a plastic sheath replaced the zebra catheter. A longitudinal incision was made through the detrusor muscle at the 6 o'clock position, leaving the bladder adventitia untouched. The Double-J stent was left in place, while its distal tip was fixed by long nylon suture and single knot to the external genitalia to permit easy removal 1 week after the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With a mean follow-up of 39 months (range 14-62 months), no leakage, ureteral-orifice obstruction, or reflux was observed. The postoperative success rate was 90% (47 of 52 ureters), defined as resolution or decrease in hydroureteronephrosis and improvement or stability of renal function determined by renal scan. In 37 ureterorenal units (71%), there was complete resolution of hydroureteronephrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of previous studies demonstrating the value of endoureterotomy with stenting for the treatment of benign ureteral strictures in adults, we developed a modified endoscopic approach for the treatment of POMU and applied this technique in meticulously selected cases. Our results showed that this approach is a valid option for the treatment of children with POMU.
authors: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. kajbafzd@sina.tums.ac.ir
authors: Abdol-Mohammad
authors: AM
authors: Kajbafzadeh
authors: Seyedmehdi
authors: S
authors: Payabvash
authors: Amirali H
authors: AH
authors: Salmasi
authors: Hamid
authors: H
authors: Arshadi
authors: Seyed-Mohsen
authors: SM
authors: Hashemi
authors: Sahereh
authors: S
authors: Arabian
authors: Vahid
authors: V
authors: Najjaran-Tousi
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D014513:Ureter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D014567:Urography