Self-reported depression and anti-depressant medication use in essential tremor: cross-sectional and prospective analyses in a population-based study.
There are few data on the co-morbidity of essential tremor (ET) with depression. To assess the associations of ET with self-reported depression and antidepressant medication use. In a population-based study in central Spain, participants were evaluated at baseline (1994-1995) and 3 years later. Self-reported depression and use of antidepressant medications were evaluated at each assessment. In cross-sectional analyses, prevalent ET cases were twice more probably than controls to report depression [103 (43.8%) of 235 cases versus 1137 (26.0%) of 4379 controls; adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.66-2.93, P < 0.001] and three times more probably to be taking antidepressant medications [16 (6.8%) cases versus 113 (2.6%) controls; adjusted OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.91-5.82, P = 0.001]. In prospective analyses, baseline self-reported depression (adjusted RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.11-2.89, P = 0.018) and, perhaps, baseline use of antidepressant medication (adjusted RR 1.90, 95% CI 0.59-6.05, P = 0.28) were associated with incident ET. Rather than being totally benign, ET seems to be associated with a mood disorder. Furthermore, as well as being a secondary response to disease manifestations, this mood disorder may be a primary feature of the underlying disease.
Louis
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ED
G.H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. EDL2@columbia.edu
Benito-León
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J
Bermejo-Pareja
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F
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D020329:Essential Tremor / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies
D000928:Antidepressive Agents