title: A shortcut to rejection: how not to write the results section of a paper.
abstract: This article discusses common errors in writing up the results of papers. It covers the following: (1) giving details about irrelevant topics, such as what program was used to enter the data, while ignoring important ones (for example, which options were chosen for various statistical tests); (2) reporting P levels of 0.0000 and negative values for t tests; (3) giving the P levels but not the actual values of the statistical tests; (4) not including confidence intervals and measures of the magnitude of an effect; (5) testing irrelevant hypotheses, such as whether reliability or validity coefficients are significantly different from zero; (6) attributing reliability and validity to tests rather than to the circumstances under which they are given; and (7) reporting levels of accuracy that cannot be supported by the data. Suggestions are made regarding the proper way to report findings.
authors: Kunin-Lunenfield Applied Research Unit, Baycrest Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. dstreiner@klaru-baycrest.on.ca
authors: David L
authors: DL
authors: Streiner
mesh_terms: D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D011643:Publishing / Q000592:standards*; D012106:Research / Q000592:standards*; D014956:Writing / Q000592:standards*