title: Effect of precut sphincterotomy on biliary cannulation based on the characteristics of the major duodenal papilla.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography requires selective cannulation of the relevant ductal system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3 different precutting techniques for difficult bile duct access on the basis of the characteristics of the major duodenal papilla (MDP).
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were classified into small MDP, large MDP, or swollen MDP groups on the basis of the characteristics of the MDP. The precutting technique was based on MDP characteristics: transpancreatic sphincterotomy for small MDPs, needle-knife precut sphincterotomy for large MDPs, and needle-knife fistulotomy for swollen MDPs. The success rate of bile duct cannulation and the complication rates were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 86 patients (58 men; mean age, 76 years) with difficult bile duct cannulation required precutting technique; 48 had transpancreatic sphincterotomy, 30 had needle-knife precut sphincterotomy, and 8 had needle-knife fistulotomy. With precutting, the procedure was successful in 46 of 48 (96%), 27 of 30 (90%), and 8 of 8 patients (100%), respectively. The overall success rate of biliary cannulation after 2 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography attempts was 100%. The overall complication rate was 4.7% (4 of 86) (2 mild bleeding and 2 mild pancreatitis).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selection of the precutting technique on the basis of the characteristics of the MDP resulted in a high degree of success and a low complication rate in cases of difficult bile duct cannulation.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Showa Inan General Hospital, Komagane, Japan.
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Horiuchi
authors: Yoshiko
authors: Y
authors: Nakayama
authors: Masashi
authors: M
authors: Kajiyama
authors: Naoki
authors: N
authors: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014670:Ampulla of Vater / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D003137:Common Bile Duct Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013105:Sphincterotomy, Transduodenal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome