title: Cognition in children with sensorineural hearing loss: etiologic considerations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A considerable amount of literature has documented the impact of hearing impairment on spoken language skills in deaf children referred for cochlear implantation. Critical areas of neurocognitive development in the acquisition of visual (manual) language also appear to be impacted, although the evidence is less robust. The present study focused on the development of visual and fine motor skills in a sample of preschool-age children diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss with no known neurologic conditions (n=36).
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of data collected as part of a standardized screening process for cochlear implantation at an academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children underwent a standardized neuropsychological assessment battery. Children were classified into three groups based on the etiology of their deafness (Connexin=15, Structural Malformation=11, and Unknown=10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Correlational analyses replicated previous research on the reduction in visual reception and fine motor skills as deaf children age. Children with genetic (Connexin) etiology exhibited a significant reduction in fine motor skills with age, whereas those with an etiology of Structural Abnormality exhibited a significant reduction in visual reception skills with age. Results of planned comparisons conducted as part of a multivariate analysis of variance (Skill x Group) indicated that the Connexin group was significantly better than the Unknown group with regard to fine motor skills. Implications for these findings and future studies are discussed.
authors: Learning Support Center for Child Psychology, Texas Children's Hospital, and Allied Health Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030-2399, USA.
authors: Suzanne K
authors: SK
authors: Pierson
authors: Susan E
authors: SE
authors: Caudle
authors: Kevin R
authors: KR
authors: Krull
authors: Jody
authors: J
authors: Haymond
authors: Ross
authors: R
authors: Tonini
authors: John S
authors: JS
authors: Oghalai
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D018579:Patient Selection; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology
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