title: Pharmacotherapies for diabetic retinopathy: present and future.
abstract: Diabetic retinopathy remains a major cause of worldwide preventable blindness. Measures to avoid blindness include medical management (control of blood sugar, blood pressure, and serum lipids) and ocular management (laser photocoagulation and pars plana vitrectomy). Adjunctive pharmacologic therapies (intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents) have shown early promise in the treatment of both diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Other medications under investigation include the fluocinolone acetonide implantable device, extended-release dexamethasone implant, oral ruboxistaurin, and intravitreal hyaluronidase.
authors: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Retina Center at Naples, 311 9th Street North, Naples, FL 34102, USA. sschwartz2@med.miami.edu
authors: Stephen G
authors: SG
authors: Schwartz
authors: Harry W
authors: HW
authors: Flynn
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008301:Maleimides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000639:trends; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D008301:Maleimides; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C099154:ruboxistaurin; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase
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