title: Urinary nucleosides based potential biomarker selection by support vector machine for bladder cancer recognition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urinary nucleosides are potential biomarkers for many kinds of cancers. But up to now, it has been little focused in bladder cancer recognition. The aim of present study is try to validate the potential of urinary nucleoside as biomarker for bladder cancer diagnosis by finding out some urinary nucleosides with good discriminative performance for bladder cancer recognition in urinary nucleoside profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 urinary samples for cancer and the same number for control are collected and treated by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry experiments to achieve urinary nucleoside profile, in which 44 peaks were integrated and the ratios of the relative peak area to the concentration of urinary creatinine were used as features to describe all samples. Support vector machine based recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and a new feature selection method called support vector machine based partial exhaustive search algorithm (SVM-PESA) were used for biomarker identification and seeking optimal feature subsets for bladder cancer recognition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the urinary nucleoside profile, 22 optimal feature subsets consist of 3-4 features were found with 95% 5-fold cross validation accuracy, 100% sensitivity and 90% specificity by SVM-PESA, whose performance were much better than that of optimal feature subset selected by SVM-RFE. By analyzing the statistical histogram of features' appearance frequency in several best feature subsets, urinary nucleosides with m/z 317, 290 and 304 were thought as potential biomarkers for bladder cancer recognition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicated urinary nucleosides may be useful as tumor biomarkers for bladder cancer, and the new method for biomarker selection is effective.
authors: Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Mao
authors: Xiaoping
authors: X
authors: Zhao
authors: Shufang
authors: S
authors: Wang
authors: Yiyu
authors: Y
authors: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D002624:Chemistry, Clinical / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000652:urine*; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009705:Nucleosides