Biochips and other microtechnologies for physiomics.
This paper presents a review of microtechnologies relevant to applications in cellular physiology, including biochips, electrochemical sensors and optrodic sensing techniques. Microelectrodes have been the main tools for measuring cellular electrophysiology, oxygen, nitric oxide, neurotransmitters, pH and various ions. Optical fiber sensing methods, such as indicator-based optrodes, with fluorescence lifetime measurement, are now emerging as viable alternatives to electroanalytical chemistry. These new optrode techniques are possible because of recent advances in the optoelectronics industry and are comparably easier to miniaturize, have faster response times, do not consume the analyte and have lower operational costs. This review serves as a summary and predicts future trends for both electrochemical and optical luminescence lifetime sensing as components in lab-on-a-chip devices for physiological sensing.
ul Haque
Aeraj
A
Purdue University, Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Physiological Sensing Facility, Bindley Bioscience Research Center, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. ahaque@purdue.edu
Chatni
Mohammad Rameez
MR
Li
Gang
G
Porterfield
David Marshall
DM
D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004566:Electrodes; D005453:Fluorescence; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques