title: Virtual reality training for endoscopic surgery: voluntary or obligatory?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Virtual reality (VR) simulators have been developed to train basic endoscopic surgical skills outside of the operating room. An important issue is how to create optimal conditions for integration of these types of simulators into the surgical training curriculum. The willingness of surgical residents to train these skills on a voluntary basis was surveyed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one surgical residents were given unrestricted access to a VR simulator for a period of four months. After this period, a competitive element was introduced to enhance individual training time spent on the simulator. The overall end-scores for individual residents were announced periodically to the full surgical department, and the winner was awarded a prize.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first four months of study, only two of the 21 residents (10%) trained on the simulator, for a total time span of 163 minutes. After introducing the competitive element the number of trainees increased to seven residents (33%). The amount of training time spent on the simulator increased to 738 minutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Free unlimited access to a VR simulator for training basic endoscopic skills, without any form of obligation or assessment, did not motivate surgical residents to use the simulator. Introducing a competitive element for enhancing training time had only a marginal effect. The acquisition of expensive devices to train basic psychomotor skills for endoscopic surgery is probably only effective when it is an integrated and mandatory part of the surgical curriculum.
authors: Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, P.O. Box 85500, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: K W
authors: KW
authors: van Dongen
authors: W A
authors: WA
authors: van der Wal
authors: I H M Borel
authors: IH
authors: Rinkes
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Schijven
authors: I A M J
authors: IA
authors: Broeders
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003479:Curriculum; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D004521:Educational Measurement; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014584:User-Computer Interface
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