title: Coinfection and superinfection in patients with long-term, nonprogressive HIV-1 disease.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) dual infections are considered important because they have been related to AIDS progression. We identified dual infections in 2 patients with long-term, nonprogressive HIV-1 disease; the first patient was diagnosed as being already coinfected, on the basis of the first sample analyzed, but a previous superinfection could not be excluded; the second patient was diagnosed as having a superinfection, on the basis of the 9-year difference between the viral dating of the 2 strains. Dual infections occur in patients with long-term, nonprogressive disease, with no immediate clinical manifestations. Such occurrences could indicate a general phenomenon in natural HIV-1 infections.
authors: Centro Nacional de Microbiologia Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Concepción
authors: C
authors: Casado
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Pernas
authors: Tamara
authors: T
authors: Alvaro
authors: Virginia
authors: V
authors: Sandonis
authors: Soledad
authors: S
authors: García
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Rodríguez
authors: Jorge
authors: J
authors: del Romero
authors: Eulalia
authors: E
authors: Grau
authors: Lidia
authors: L
authors: Ruiz
authors: Cecilio
authors: C
authors: Lopez-Galindez
mesh_terms: D018450:Disease Progression; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D020276:HIV Long-Term Survivors; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D015163:Superinfection