title: Physiological stress induces the metastasis marker AGR2 in breast cancer cells.
abstract: As an approach to understanding the factors that activate expression of tumor progression genes, the role of physiological stress in the activation of a panel of tumor cell markers was investigated. These studies identify the developmental gene product, anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) as a cancer cell marker specifically up-regulated in response to depletion of serum and oxygen. AGR2 has been identified as a tumor marker in primary and secondary cancer lesions, and as a marker for detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Elevated levels of AGR2 are known to increase the metastatic potential of cancer cells, but conditions leading to increased expression of AGR2 are not well understood. The present results identify novel physiological parameters likely to contribute to AGR2 induction in situ.
authors: Temple University School of Medicine, Fels Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. danielz@temple.edu
authors: Daniel R
authors: DR
authors: Zweitzig
authors: Denis A
authors: DA
authors: Smirnov
authors: Mark C
authors: MC
authors: Connelly
authors: Leon W M M
authors: LW
authors: Terstappen
authors: S Mark
authors: SM
authors: O'Hara
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Moran
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D009088:Mucoproteins; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000473:pathology*; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C502296:AGR2 protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D017931:DNA Primers; C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D009088:Mucoproteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D010100:Oxygen
references: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Oct 9;251(1):111-6
references: 9790916
references: Cancer Cell. 2004 Apr;5(4):329-39
references: 15093540
references: Cancer Res. 2000 Nov 1;60(21):6201-7
references: 11085546
references: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005 Apr 15;30(8):882-9
references: 15834331
references: Mol Cell Proteomics. 2004 Jan;3(1):43-55
references: 14557597
references: Cancer Res. 2005 May 1;65(9):3796-805
references: 15867376
references: Semin Cancer Biol. 2004 Apr;14(2):93-104
references: 15018893
references: Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2005 Sep;36(3):734-40
references: 15935701
references: Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2005 Jul;43(3):249-59
references: 15834940
references: Mol Cell Proteomics. 2004 Jun;3(6):534-47
references: 14967811
references: Cancer Cell. 2003 Apr;3(4):347-61
references: 12726861
references: Br J Cancer. 2006 Apr 10;94(7):1057-65
references: 16598187
references: Pharmacogenomics J. 2003;3(5):251-3
references: 14583793
references: Clin Exp Metastasis. 2005;22(2):157-65
references: 16086236
references: Breast Cancer Res. 2001;3(5):318-22
references: 11597321
references: Endocr Relat Cancer. 2006 Jun;13(2):617-28
references: 16728587
references: Cancer Res. 2003 Jan 1;63(1):6-11
references: 12517768
references: Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2004 Aug-Dec;23(3-4):293-310
references: 15197330
references: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007 Jun;16(6):1087-97
references: 17548669
references: Mech Dev. 1998 Mar;72(1-2):115-30
references: 9533957
references: Nature. 2004 Aug 26;430(7003):973-4
references: 15329701
references: Nat Rev Cancer. 2002 Jan;2(1):38-47
references: 11902584
references: Nature. 2001 May 17;411(6835):375-9
references: 11357145
references: J Cell Biochem. 2005 Aug 15;95(6):1120-34
references: 15880691
references: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Jan 9;313(2):237-44
references: 14684152
references: Cancer Res. 2000 Apr 15;60(8):2232-8
references: 10786689
references: Oncogene. 2000 Sep 21;19(40):4621-31
references: 11030151
references: Breast Cancer Res. 2001;3(5):313-7
references: 11597320
references: Exp Cell Res. 1999 Mar 15;247(2):495-504
references: 10066377
references: Cancer Res. 2004 Jul 15;64(14):4711-6
references: 15256436
references: Br J Cancer. 2003 Feb 24;88(4):579-85
references: 12592373
references: Genome Res. 2002 Feb;12(2):292-7
references: 11827948
references: Cancer Res. 2005 Jun 15;65(12):4993-7
references: 15958538