title: Phase I study of alpha-galactosylceramide-pulsed antigen presenting cells administration to the nasal submucosa in unresectable or recurrent head and neck cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human Valpha24 natural killer T (NKT) cells are activated by the specific ligand, alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), in a CD1d-dependent manner. Potent anti-tumor activity of activated NKT cells has been previously demonstrated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a phase I study with alpha-GalCer-pulsed antigen presenting cells (APCs) administered in the nasal submucosa of patients with head and neck cancer, and evaluated the safety and feasibility of such a treatment. Nine patients with unresectable or recurrent head and neck cancer received two treatments 1 week apart, of 1 x 10(8) of alpha-GalCer-pulsed autologous APCs into the nasal submucosa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the clinical study period, no serious adverse events (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0 greater than grade 3) were observed. After the first and the second administration of alpha-GalCer-pulsed APCs, an increased number of NKT cells was observed in four patients and enhanced natural killer activity was detected in the peripheral blood of eight patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of alpha-GalCer-pulsed APCs into the nasal submucosa was found to be safe and induce anti-tumor activity in some patients.
authors: Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors: Tetsuro
authors: T
authors: Uchida
authors: Shigetoshi
authors: S
authors: Horiguchi
authors: Yuriko
authors: Y
authors: Tanaka
authors: Heizaburo
authors: H
authors: Yamamoto
authors: Naoki
authors: N
authors: Kunii
authors: Shinichiro
authors: S
authors: Motohashi
authors: Masaru
authors: M
authors: Taniguchi
authors: Toshinori
authors: T
authors: Nakayama
authors: Yoshitaka
authors: Y
authors: Okamoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005699:Galactosylceramides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D017710:Lymphocyte Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D010641:Phenotype; D012008:Recurrence; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005699:Galactosylceramides; C493154:alpha-galactosylceramide; D007371:Interferon-gamma
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