Pro-opiomelanocortin modulates the thermogenic and physical activity responses to high-fat feeding and markedly influences dietary fat preference.
Complete proopiomelanocortin (POMC) deficiency causes a human syndrome of hypoadrenalism, altered skin and hair pigmentation, and severe hyperphagic obesity. Heterozygote carriers of nonsense mutations are strongly predisposed to obesity. Pomc(+/-) mice have normal body weight on a chow diet but increase food intake and become more obese than wild-type littermates when placed on a high-fat diet. To further explore the mechanisms whereby dietary fat interacts with Pomc genotype to produce obesity, we examined Pomc-null, Pomc(+/-), and wild-type mice for changes in the components of energy balance in response to provision of a high-fat diet and macronutrient preference when presented with a selection of dietary choices. In contrast to wild-type mice, Pomc null mice did not increase their resting energy expenditure or their spontaneous physical activity when given a high-fat diet. Pomc(+/-) mice increased resting energy expenditure similarly to wild types, but their increase in physical activity was significantly less than that seen in wild-type mice. In two independent experimental tests of macronutrient preference, Pomc genotype was a strong predictor of dietary fat preference with Pomc null animals choosing to eat approximately twice as much fat, but similar amounts of carbohydrate and protein, as wild-type animals. Pomc(+/-) mice showed an intermediate response. In summary, POMC-derived peptides have influences on multiple aspects of the organism's response to the presentation of high-fat diet. This includes a major influence, readily discernible even in heterozygote animals, on the dietary preference for fat.
Tung
Y C Loraine
YC
Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
Rimmington
Debra
D
O'Rahilly
Stephen
S
Coll
Anthony P
AP
D000818:Animals; D004036:Diet, Atherogenic; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*
D004041:Dietary Fats; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin
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