title: Characteristics and outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest when patients are found in a non-shockable rhythm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define factors associated with an improved outcome among patients suffering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) who were found in a non-shockable rhythm.
  
  
  METHODS
  All the patients included in the Swedish OHCA registry between 1990 and 2005 in whom resuscitation was attempted, who were found in a non-shockable rhythm and where either the OHCA was witnessed by a bystander or was not witnessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 22,465 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Their mean age was 67 years, 32% were women, 57% were witnessed, 64% had a cardiac aetiology, 71% occurred at home and 34% received bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Survival to 1 month was 1.3%. The following were independently associated with an increased chance of survival: 1/Decreasing age, 2/Witnessed arrest, 3/Bystander CPR, 4/Cardiac arrest outside home, 5/Shorter ambulance response time and 6/Need for defibrillatory shock. If these six criteria were fulfilled (age and ambulance response time below the median), survival to 1 month increased to 12.6%. If no criteria were fulfilled, survival was 0.15%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall survival among patients with an OHCA found in a non-shockable rhythm is very low (1.3%). Six factors associated with survival can be defined. When they are taken into account, survival varies between 12.6 and 0.15%.
authors: Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. johan.herlitz@hjl.gu.se
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Herlitz
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Svensson
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Engdahl
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Silfverstolpe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D004554:Electric Countershock; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome