title: Age interacts with stimulus frequency in the temporal summation of pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is growing interest in the impact of aging on the plasticity of pain responses. Up-regulation characterizes pain responses in clinical situations, and consequently aging effects on the development and resolution of increased sensitivity have important implications for the experience of pain in those older age groups who are more likely to suffer from chronic conditions. This study examined temporal summation of pain at different stimulus frequencies to gain further insights into the effect of age on pain plasticity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a group of younger and a group of older subjects, trains of five brief electrical stimuli were applied to the skin over the sural nerve at frequencies ranging between 0.2 and 2.0 Hz. Nociceptive reflexes were recorded throughout the application of stimuli. Single pulses and the fifth pulse of each series were rated for pain intensity with a visual analog scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The younger subjects demonstrated temporal summation at frequencies of stimulation that were consistent with previous reports, namely 0.33 to 2.0 Hz. The older group had a greater mean rating of the fifth pulse relative to a single pulse at all frequencies of stimulation. The behavior of the nociceptive reflex to repeated stimuli was equivalent for the two age groups, only summating at a frequency of 2.0 Hz.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The temporal summation of low-frequency stimuli in the older subjects suggests that aging impacts on the capacity of the nociceptive system to down-regulate subsequent to sensitization.
authors: Howard Florey Institute and Center for Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. m.farrell@hfi.unimelb.edu.au
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Farrell
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Gibson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000502:physiology; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin / Q000294:innervation