title: Apoptosis triggered by phagocytosis-related oxidative stress through FLIPS down-regulation and JNK activation.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-activated neutrophils phagocytose and eliminate bacteria by using such oxidants as hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which is produced from H(2)O(2) by myeloperoxidase (MPO). Thereafter, neutrophils eventually undergo apoptosis to prevent excessive inflammation. However, it is unclear how this process is regulated. Here, we show that cotreatment of TNF-alpha-resistant neutrophilic HL-60 cells with taurine chloramine (TauCl), a detoxified form of HOCl, and TNF-alpha renders them susceptible to apoptosis, mostly by preventing nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. Of several NF-kappaB target genes tested, FLICE inhibitory protein short form (FLIP(S)) was specifically down-regulated by TauCl. TNF-alpha/TauCl cotreatment-induced apoptosis was largely blocked by stable expression of FLIP(S). Cotreatment with TNF-alpha and H(2)O(2) promoted apoptotic signaling via MPO activation and subsequent attenuation of FLIP(S) expression. TNF-alpha priming with H(2)O(2) or bacteria caused MPO-dependent apoptosis in human neutrophils. However, FLIP(S) knock-down by siRNA did not affect the viability of cells treated with TNF-alpha, implying that TauCl may affect another pathway in TNF-alpha-driven apoptosis. Indeed, oxidization of thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) by TauCl induced the activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and cJun N-terminal kinase (JNK), thereby triggering TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that the antiapoptotic signaling induced by TNF-alpha via NF-kappaB activation can be altered to promote apoptosis via H(2)O(2)-MPO-mediated FLIP(S) down-regulation and JNK activation.
authors: Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bioscience Building 402, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. kanayama-atsuhiro@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors: Atsuhiro
authors: A
authors: Kanayama
authors: Yusei
authors: Y
authors: Miyamoto
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D048848:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5 / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013654:Taurine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein; C506386:CFLAR protein, human; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013654:Taurine; C043410:N-chlorotaurine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D009195:Peroxidase; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048848:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5; D020169:Caspases