title: Tomoscintigraphy improves the determination of the embryologic origin of parathyroid adenomas, especially in apparently inferior glands: imaging features and surgical implications.
abstract: Identification of the embryologic origin of hyperfunctioning parathyroid adenomas in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) could determine the most suitable approach for minimally invasive surgery. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the reliability of a new, combined protocol for the preoperative localization and determination of the embryologic origin of parathyroid adenomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anterior dual-isotope ((123)I/(99m)Tc-sestamibi) static planar imaging followed by tomoscintigraphy (SPECT acquisition) centered over the 140-keV photopeak (combined protocol) was performed on 35 consecutive patients with sporadic PHPT. On the basis of anatomic considerations, adenomas were classified as superior (P4 derived) if they were located above the isthmus or posterior to the thyroid on SPECT images, despite their apparently middle to inferior position, and as inferior (P3 derived) if the foci were located in inferior and anterior positions or along the thyrothymic tract. Parathyroid ultrasonography was performed on all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 36 adenomas were removed: 34 solitary adenomas and 1 double adenoma (for totals of 19 P3-derived and 17 P4-derived adenomas). Pinhole subtraction imaging, SPECT, and ultrasonography sensitivities for detecting adenomas were 86%, 78%, and 77%, respectively. False-positive contralateral images were observed only with ultrasonography (3 cases). Positive SPECT results were associated with higher gland weights. Thirteen glands were identified by SPECT as posterior glands, despite their apparently inferior position, and were removed through an appropriate lateral endoscopic approach. Eleven (85%) of these glands had a P4 origin. Only 2 corresponded to large P3-derived adenomas (>2 g).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By reclassifying apparently inferior adenomas as P4-derived adenomas prolapsed behind the thyroid gland, SPECT provides information about the most suitable surgical approach for avoiding recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Additional pinhole images should increase the detection of small adenomas. The combined protocol offers both advantages.
authors: Service Central de Biophysique et de Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Timone, 264 Rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France. david.taieb@ap-hm.fr
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Taïeb
authors: Rim
authors: R
authors: Hassad
authors: Frédéric
authors: F
authors: Sebag
authors: Cécile
authors: C
authors: Colavolpe
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Guedj
authors: Elif
authors: E
authors: Hindié
authors: Jean-François
authors: JF
authors: Henry
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Mundler
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology / Q000601:surgery*; D016105:Parathyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi