title: Digital mammography screening: average glandular dose and first performance parameters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Radiation Protection Commission demanded structured implementation of digital mammography screening in Germany. The main requirements were the installation of digital reference centers and separate evaluation of the fully digitized screening units. Digital mammography screening must meet the quality standards of the European guidelines and must be compared to analog screening results. We analyzed early surrogate indicators of effective screening and dosage levels for the first German digital screening unit in a routine setting after the first half of the initial screening round.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used three digital mammography screening units (one full-field digital scanner [DR] and two computed radiography systems [CR]). Each system has been proven to fulfill the requirements of the National and European guidelines. The radiation exposure levels, the medical workflow and the histological results were documented in a central electronic screening record.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first year 11,413 women were screened (participation rate 57.5 %). The parenchymal dosages for the three mammographic X-ray systems, averaged for the different breast sizes, were 0.7 (DR), 1.3 (CR), 1.5 (CR) mGy. 7 % of the screened women needed to undergo further examinations. The total number of screen-detected cancers was 129 (detection rate 1.1 %). 21 % of the carcinomas were classified as ductal carcinomas in situ, 40 % of the invasive carcinomas had a histological size <or= 10 mm and 61 % < 15 mm. The frequency distribution of pT-categories of screen-detected cancer was as follows: pTis 20.9 %, pT1 61.2 %, pT2 14.7 %, pT3 2.3 %, pT4 0.8 %. 73 % of the invasive carcinomas were node-negative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The average glandular dose for all three digital screening units was below the AGD of the analog mammography screening units (1.7 mGy) used in the German trial projects. Nevertheless, the performance indicators of the European guidelines were fulfilled with respect to the prevalent tumor detection rate and tumor size distribution while meeting an acceptable recall rate. This first evaluation of a digital screening unit in Germany demonstrates that the quality standards are met at lower radiation dosage levels than in screen-film mammography.
authors: Institut für Klinische Radiologie und Referenzzentrum Mammografie mit Screening-Einheit Münster-Nord, Universitätsklinikum Münster.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Weigel
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Girnus
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Czwoydzinski
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Decker
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Spital
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Heindel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods*; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed