Adjustment to college in students with ADHD.
OBJECTIVE
To examine college adjustment in students reporting an ADHD diagnosis and the effect of medication treatment on students' adjustment.


METHODS
1,648 first-semester freshmen attending a public and a private university completed a Web-based survey to examine their adjustment to college.


RESULTS
Compared with 200 randomly selected control students, 68 students with ADHD reported more academic concerns and depressive symptoms. This was explained by higher rates of inattentive symptoms among students with ADHD and was unrelated to hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. Among students with ADHD, medication treatment was not related to better adjustment or diminished ADHD symptoms. The contribution of inattention to academic concerns and depressive symptoms remained significant when controlling for personality traits.


CONCLUSIONS
Students with ADHD experience greater academic performance concerns and depressive symptoms during the transition to college. Medication treatment did not appear to diminish ADHD symptoms nor enhance students' adjustment.
Rabiner
David L
DL
Duke University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Child and Family Policy, Durham, NC 27707, USA. drabiner@duke.edu
Anastopoulos
Arthur D
AD
Costello
Jane
J
Hoyle
Rick H
RH
Swartzwelder
H Scott
HS
D000124:Achievement; D000275:Adjustment Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012917:Social Adjustment; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D014495:Universities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants