title: Phase I evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of CP-481,715.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The chemokine receptor CCR1 is believed to play a role in several inflammatory diseases, primarily by promoting the migration of leukocytes through the endothelial barrier. Thus, a possible strategy for treating inflammatory diseases is inhibition of leukocyte infiltration by antagonising CCR1. Recently, CP-481,715 has been described as a potent and specific antagonist of CCR1. The aims of this study were to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of CP-481,715 along with drug interactions with ciclosporin.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a phase I randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with CP-481,715 in 78 healthy male volunteers. Subjects were administered escalating CP-481,715 doses of up to 3000 mg with food and after fasting in the single-dose study. In the drug interaction study, which was a single-dose, two-way crossover study, 12 subjects received a 300 mg dose of CP-481,715 as a suspension of polymorph A under fasted conditions, both with and without prior administration of ciclosporin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All doses of CP-481,715 were well tolerated, with linear pharmacokinetics up to the 300 mg dose. The pharmacodynamic activity of CP-481,715 was detected ex vivo by demonstrating a dose-related and linear increase in the amount of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, CCL3, required to induce CD11b upregulation. Analysis of vital signs indicated no consistent clinical effects, and statistical analysis of ECG characteristics demonstrated no significant prolongation of the corrected QT interval. A drug-drug interaction study with ciclosporin demonstrated that CP-481,715 clearance was decreased by ciclosporin, consistent with its ability to compete with P-glycoprotein. Phase II studies may be warranted to see if CP-481,715 exhibits efficacy in treating inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis or transplant rejection.
authors: Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton/New London, Connecticut 06320, USA.
authors: Alan T
authors: AT
authors: Clucas
authors: Ajit
authors: A
authors: Shah
authors: Yuanchao Derek
authors: YD
authors: Zhang
authors: Vincent F
authors: VF
authors: Chow
authors: Ronald P
authors: RP
authors: Gladue
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004244:Dizziness / Q000139:chemically induced; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005215:Fasting; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D054389:Receptors, CCR1; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: C515300:CCR1 protein, human; D011810:Quinoxalines; D054389:Receptors, CCR1; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; C479133:quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (4-carbamoyl-1-(3-fluorobenzyl)-2,7-dihydroxy-7-methyloctyl)amide; D016572:Cyclosporine
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