title: Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteraemia in children.
abstract: Occult bacteraemia is the most frequent invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children less than 3 years of age. Despite the relative frequency of this infection, its management is still a challenging task for paediatricians because fever is often the only symptom and a considerable overlap exists in the clinical presentation of children with fever without a focus due to viral illness and children with occult bacteraemia. Management protocols take into account the age of the patient, the clinical score for severity and the results of laboratory tests such as the white blood cell count, the C-reactive protein and the blood procalcitonin level in order to define accurately who will benefit from an antibiotic treatment. Despite appropriate healthcare facilities and access to care the case fatality rate in developed countries is around 9% in children aged less than 1 year. Prevention with the 7-valent conjugate vaccine against S. pneumoniae will decrease morbidity and mortality associated with invasive disease due to these bacteria. However, replacement by non-vaccine serotypes has been noted in countries where the vaccine is widely used and this concern needs to be monitored carefully over the next few years.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Myers
authors: Alain
authors: A
authors: Gervaix
mesh_terms: D016470:Bacteremia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines