title: Effects of multiple oral doses of an A1 adenosine antagonist, BG9928, in patients with heart failure: results of a placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to assess the pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of oral BG9928 in heart failure (HF) patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Declining renal function during HF treatment is associated with poor outcomes. BG9928, a selective inhibitor of the A1 adenosine receptor, is proposed to cause natriuresis without causing a decline in renal function.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in patients with HF and systolic dysfunction who were receiving standard therapy. Patients were randomized to receive BG9928 (3, 15, 75, or 225 mg) or placebo orally for 10 days. The primary end point was change in sodium excretion. Changes in potassium excretion, creatinine clearance, and body weight also were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 50 patients were studied. BG9928 increased sodium excretion compared with placebo, and natriuresis was maintained over 10 days with little kaliuresis. A linear trend in dose response was observed on day 1 (p = 0.04) but not on days 6 or 10. Adjusted creatinine clearance was unchanged over the 10 days. Patients who received 15, 75, or 225 mg of BG9928 had a reduction in body weight compared with placebo (-0.6, -0.7, -0.5, vs. +0.3 kg, respectively) at the end of study. BG9928 was well tolerated. The pharmacokinetic profile of BG9928 was consistent with once-daily dosing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral BG9928 over the dose range of 3 to 225 mg/day produced significant increases in sodium excretion in patients with stable HF without causing kaliuresis or reducing renal function.
authors: University of California, Advanced Heart Failure Treatment Program, San Diego, California 92103-8411, USA. bgreenberg@ucsd.edu
authors: Barry
authors: B
authors: Greenberg
authors: Ignatius
authors: I
authors: Thomas
authors: Dorothy
authors: D
authors: Banish
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Goldman
authors: Edward
authors: E
authors: Havranek
authors: Barry M
authors: BM
authors: Massie
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Zhu
authors: Barry
authors: B
authors: Ticho
authors: William T
authors: WT
authors: Abraham
mesh_terms: D058916:Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009318:Natriuresis / Q000187:drug effects; D014970:Xanthines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D058916:Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists; C505954:BG 9928; D014970:Xanthines