title: Pax4 paired domain mediates direct protein transduction into mammalian cells.
abstract: Pax4, a paired-box transcription factor, is a key regulator of pancreatic islet cell growth and differentiation. Here, we report for the first time that the Pax4 protein can permeate into various cell types including pancreatic islets. The paired domain of Pax4 serves as a novel protein transduction domain (PTD). The Pax4 protein can transduce in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The cellular uptake of Pax4 PTD can be completely blocked by heparin, whereas cytochalasin D and amiloride were partially effective in blocking the Pax4 protein entry. Transduced intact Pax4 protein functions similarly to the endogenous Pax4. It inhibits the Pax6 mediated transactivation and protects Min6 cells against TNFalpha-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that Pax4 protein transduction could be a safe and valuable strategy for protecting islet cell growth in culture from apoptosis and promoting islet cell differentiation.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, University of Fudan, Shanghai, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Lu
authors: Ge
authors: G
authors: Li
authors: Michael S
authors: MS
authors: Lan
authors: Shuyu
authors: S
authors: Zhang
authors: Weiwei
authors: W
authors: Fan
authors: Hongwei
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Daru
authors: D
authors: Lu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000502:physiology; D021381:Protein Transport; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C491709:PAX4 protein, human; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha