Capnometry in the prehospital setting: are we using its potential?
Capnometry is a non-invasive monitoring technique which allows fast and reliable insight into ventilation, circulation, and metabolism. In the prehospital setting it is mainly used to confirm correct tracheal tube placement. In addition it is a useful indicator of efficient ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation due to its correlation with cardiac output, and successful resuscitation. It helps to confirm the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism and to sustain adequate ventilation in mechanically ventilated patients. In patients with haemorrhage, capnometry provides improved continuous haemodynamic monitoring, insight into adequacy of tissue perfusion, optimisation within current hypotensive fluid resuscitation strategy, and prevention of shock progression through controlled fluid administration.
Kupnik
Dejan
D
Center for Emergency Medicine, Prehospital Unit, Ulica talcev 9, Maribor, Slovenia. dejan.kupnik@triera.net
Skok
Pavel
P
D019296:Capnography / Q000379:methods*; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D003422:Critical Care; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012769:Shock / Q000517:prevention & control
J Am Coll Surg. 1995 Jan;180(1):49-56
8000655
Anesth Analg. 1994 Nov;79(5):829-33
7978395
Emerg Med Serv. 2004 Aug;33(8):75-80; quiz 115
15368978
N Engl J Med. 1997 Jul 31;337(5):301-6
9233867
Crit Care. 2003 Dec;7(6):R139-44
14624688
Curr Opin Crit Care. 2006 Jun;12(3):272-7
16672789
Circulation. 1991 Nov;84(5):2101-7
1657450
Shock. 2001 Jan;15(1):16-23
11198352
Shock. 2004 Mar;21(3):276-80
14770042
Crit Care Med. 2000 Jul;28(7):2415-9
10921572
N Engl J Med. 1988 Mar 10;318(10):607-11
3125432
Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2002 Apr;15(2):173-8
17019198
J Clin Monit. 1990 Apr;6(2):93-8
2112592
Anaesth Intensive Care. 2000 Apr;28(2):151-4
10788965
Resuscitation. 2002 Apr;53(1):83-91
11947984
Shock. 1997 Dec;8(6):427-31
9421856
Resuscitation. 1997 Oct;35(2):145-8
9316198
Crit Care Med. 1997 Mar;25(3):533-7
9118673
Resuscitation. 2003 Jul;58(1):89-96
12867314
Acad Emerg Med. 1998 Jun;5(6):628-36
9660292
Intensive Care Med. 2002 Jun;28(6):701-4
12107674
Tohoku J Exp Med. 1997 Dec;183(4):263-71
9549826
Shock. 2001 Nov;16(5):383-8
11699078
Ann Emerg Med. 1989 Dec;18(12):1287-90
2511789
J Trauma. 2002 Oct;53(4):738-43
12394876
Intensive Care Med. 2000 Nov;26(11):1619-23
11193267
Can J Anaesth. 1996 Mar;43(3):243-5
8829863
Anesth Analg. 1991 Dec;73(6):808-14
1952183
Curr Opin Crit Care. 2001 Dec;7(6):422-30
11805545
Anesth Prog. 1997 Winter;44(1):23-6
9481977
CMAJ. 1992 Mar 1;146(5):703-12
1562943
Crit Care. 2000;4(4):207-15
11094503
J Trauma. 2004 Jul;57(1):65-8
15284550
Crit Care Med. 1989 Mar;17(3):237-40
2493355
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1995 Apr;78(4):1579-84
7615473
Resuscitation. 1994 Jan;27(1):1-8
8191021
Crit Care. 2003 Dec;7(6):411-2
14624676
Am J Emerg Med. 1996 Jul;14(4):349-50
8768152
Resuscitation. 1998 Oct-Nov;39(1-2):67-74
9918450
J Clin Monit. 1996 Mar;12(2):155-9
8823636