title: Activation of protective and damaging components of the cardiac renin-angiotensin system after myocardial infarction in experimental diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes is associated with prolonged apoptotic cell death of cardiac myocytes and adverse remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI). Because the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has a major role in the remodelling, we studied whether diabetes is associated with altered regulation of RAS after MI in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were randomised to receive either streptozotocin (diabetic group) or citrate buffer (control group) intravenously. MI was produced four weeks later by ligating the left descending coronary artery. The rats were sacrificed 1, 4 and 12 weeks after the operation. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2), angiotensin type 1 and 2 receptors (AT(1)-receptor, AT(2)-receptor), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mRNA expression were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of both protective and damaging components of RAS increased after MI. However, myocardial ACE 2 and AT(2)-receptor messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels were significantly lower in diabetic compared to non-diabetic rats 1 week after MI. In contrast, AT(1)-receptor, ACE and CTGF mRNA levels were up-regulated in diabetic as compared with non-diabetic rats 12 weeks after MI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The activation of the protective components of RAS (ACE 2 and AT(2)-receptor) was blunted early after MI in diabetic rats, whereas the levels of ACE, AT(1)-receptor and CTGF mRNA leading to adverse effects on myocardium, were elevated in diabetic as compared with non-diabetic rats. This unbalanced activation of the RAS may influence the pathophysiology of myocardial injury in diabetes after MI.
authors: Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Tom
authors: T
authors: Bäcklund
authors: Päivi
authors: P
authors: Lakkisto
authors: Eeva
authors: E
authors: Palojoki
authors: Tina
authors: T
authors: Grönholm
authors: Antti
authors: A
authors: Saraste
authors: Piet
authors: P
authors: Finckenberg
authors: Eero
authors: E
authors: Mervaala
authors: Ilkka
authors: I
authors: Tikkanen
authors: Mika
authors: M
authors: Laine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D009929:Organ Size; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C526316:CCN2 protein, rat; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D012083:Renin