title: [Interleukin-12 restores and promotes the T-cell immune function inhibited by 5-fluorouracil].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Currently, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is still one of the widely applied chemotherapeutic agents for tumors. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) can promote the differentiation of Th1 cells and induce the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by CD8+ T cells. This study was to investigate the suppression mechanism of 5-FU on the immune response mediated by T cells from normal human peripheral blood, and to determine the effect of IL-12 on the immune suppression induced by 5-FU.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of 5-FU on the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and liver cancer cell line HepG2 were examined. PBMCs were stimulated with either anti-CD3 alone or anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 in the presence or absence of 5-FU at different concentrations (0.20-50.00 microg/ml). The level of IFN-gamma in the culture supernatant was determined by ELISA. PBMCs were pretreated with 5-FU and stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 for 2 days. The proportions of CD4+IFN-gamma+, CD8+IFN-gamma+, CD4+IL-2+ and CD8+IL-2+ T cells, and the expression of CD25 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were examined by flow cytometry (FCM). PBMCs were cultured in different combinations with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28, IL-12 and/or 5-FU for 48 h. IFN-gamma level in the supernatant was detected by ELISA. The expression of IFN-gamma on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were examined by FCM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  5-FU inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells and PBMCs, and suppressed INF-gamma production in PBMCs in a dose-dependent manner. The proportions of immune T cells were lower in 5-FU-pretreated PBMCs than in control PBMCs (0.7% vs. 2.1% for CD4+IFN-gamma+ T cells, 2.2% vs. 3.9% for CD8+IFN-gamma+ T cells, 0.7% vs. 2.5% for CD4+IL-2+ T cells, 0.2% vs. 0.4% for CD8+IL-2+ T cells). Both the positive rate and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD25 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were decreased after pretreatment of 5-FU. When stimulated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28, the proportions of CD4+IFN-gamma+ and CD8+IFN-gamma+ T cells were 1.1% and 3.2% before adding IL-12, and 1.6% and 4.1% after treatment of IL-12. When stimulated by anti-CD3, anti-CD28, and 5-FU, the proportions of CD4+IFN-gamma+ and CD8+IFN-gamma+ T cells were 0.5% and 1.1% before adding IL-12, and 1.0% and 2.5% after treatment of IL-12.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  5-FU could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells and the immune function of PBMCs. IL-12 could restore the T-cell immune function inhibited by 5-FU.
authors: Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, PR China.
authors: Pei-Dong
authors: PD
authors: Chi
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Yan-Ying
authors: YY
authors: Fan
authors: Chang-You
authors: CY
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D017252:CD3 Complex; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007376:Interleukin-2; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D005472:Fluorouracil