No influence of increased intake of orange and blackcurrant juices and dietary amounts of vitamin E on paraoxonase-1 activity in patients with peripheral arterial disease.
BACKGROUND
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an antioxidative enzyme associated with HDL and its serum activity is associated with risk of cardiovascular disease. The interindividual variation in PON1 activity is partly determined by genetic factors, such as polymorphisms in the PON1 gene, but also by dietary factors like the antioxidants.


OBJECTIVE
We examined the effect of antioxidant-rich orange and blackcurrant juices and vitamin E supplement on PON1 activity in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Furthermore, we studied whether genetic polymorphisms in the PON1 gene predicted the change in PON1 activity.


METHODS
The study was designed as a cross-over trial with 48 participants who received two of the four possible treatments: (1) 250 ml orange juice and 250 ml blackcurrant juice; (2) 15 mg vitamin E; (3) 250 ml orange juice and 250 ml blackcurrant juice and 15 mg vitamin E; or (4) control/placebo (energy-equivalent sugar-containing beverage). The treatments were given for 28 days, separated by a 4-week wash-out period.


RESULTS
The PON1 activity was not affected by juice or vitamin E supplement neither was there evidence of synergetic effects. However, a statistically significant interaction was observed between treatment and PON1 genotype, such that PON1 activity increased after juice alone in patients carrying the PON1 L55-allele. Results need to be interpreted with care since the study population was relatively small.


CONCLUSIONS
Consumption of orange and blackcurrant juice and vitamin E supplement does not affect the activity of PON1 in patients with peripheral arterial disease. However, a gene-diet interaction may be present.
Dalgård
Christine
C
Institute of Public Health, Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 17, 2nd floor, 5000 Odense C, Denmark. cdalgaard@health.sdu.dk
Christiansen
Lene
L
Jonung
Torbjörn
T
Mackness
Michael I
MI
de Maat
Moniek P M
MP
Hørder
Mogens
M
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001628:Beverages; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000737:chemistry; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D000975:Antioxidants; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D014810:Vitamin E; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase
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