title: Land versus water exercise in patients with coronary artery disease: effects on body composition, blood lipids, and physical fitness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined the effects of combined resistance and aerobic training on land versus combined resistance and aerobic training in water in patients with coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four patients were randomly assigned to land exercise (LE, n = 12), water exercise (WE, n = 12), and control (n = 10) groups. The LE group trained 4 times per week, twice with aerobic exercise and twice with resistance training. The WE program included aquatic aerobic activities 2 times per week and resistance exercise at the same frequency carried out in water. The duration of the training programs was 4 months. Body composition measurements, blood lipids, exercise stress testing, and muscular strength were obtained at the beginning and at the end of the training period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 4 months of training, analysis of covariance revealed that body weight and sum of skinfolds were lower for WE and LE groups than for the control group. Patients who trained in water improved exercise time (+11.7% vs +8.1%) and maximum strength (+12.8% vs +12.9%) in a similar manner compared to the patients who trained on land. Total cholesterol (WE -4.4%, LE -3.3%) and triglycerides (WE -10.2%, LE -11.8%) decreased significantly for both exercise groups but not for the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise programs that combine resistance and aerobic exercise performed either on land or in water can both improve exercise tolerance and muscular strength in patients with coronary artery disease. Furthermore, both programs induce similar favorable adaptations on total cholesterol, triglycerides, and body composition.
authors: Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece.
authors: Konstantinos A
authors: KA
authors: Volaklis
authors: Apostolos Th
authors: AT
authors: Spassis
authors: Savvas P
authors: SP
authors: Tokmakidis
mesh_terms: D001823:Body Composition; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010809:Physical Fitness; D013550:Swimming