title: Inhalable beta(1->3)glucans as a non-allergenic exposure factor in Dutch bakeries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain an overview of inhalable beta(1-->3)glucans levels in Dutch industrial bakeries and explore possible associations with reported respiratory health effects in bakery workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  beta(1-->3)glucan levels were analysed in 186 personal inhalable dust measurements obtained from a random population of bakery workers. Association between respiratory health effects and exposure to beta(1-->3)glucan was explored in a population of industrial bakery workers participating in a Health Surveillance System for flour processing sectors. Based on their job, bakery workers were assigned to low or high exposure categories given the average job exposure estimates obtained from the measurement study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bread bakers and dough makers had the highest exposures to beta(1-->3)glucans (GM 1.48 mug/m3 and 1.37 mug/m3 respectively). Strong correlations were found between airborne levels of inhalable dust and beta(1-->3)glucans, and between beta(1-->3)glucans and wheat allergens (Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.74 and 0.68 respectively). No significant associations could be identified between beta(1-->3)glucan exposure and work-related respiratory symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has shown that bakery workers are exposed to inhalable beta(1-->3)glucan levels comparable with exposure levels found in other occupational settings. More refined exposure assessment is necessary to fully understand the role of beta(1-->3)glucan exposure on respiratory health in bakery workers.
authors: Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Stuurman
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Meijster
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Heederik
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Doekes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003296:Cooking; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D001239:Inhalation; D009426:Netherlands; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D014908:Triticum; D021182:Wheat Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D047071:beta-Glucans