Predictors of inflammation in response to anthracycline-based chemotherapy for breast cancer.
Although chemotherapy for breast cancer can increase inflammation, few studies have examined predictors of this phenomenon. This study examined potential contributions of demographics, disease characteristics, and treatment regimens to markers of inflammation in response to chemotherapy for breast cancer. Thirty-five women with stage I-III-A breast cancer (mean age 50 years) were studied prior to cycle 1 and prior to cycle 4 of anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Circulating levels of inflammatory markers with high relevance to breast cancer were examined, including C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1-RA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), Interleukin- (IL-6), soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin), and von Willebrand factor (vWf). Chemotherapy was associated with elevations in VEGF (p < or = 0.01), sICAM-1 (p < or = 0.01), sP-selectin (p < or = 0.02) and vWf (p < or = 0.05). Multiple regression analysis controlling for age and body mass index (BMI) showed that higher post-chemotherapy levels of inflammation were consistently related to higher pre-chemotherapy levels of inflammation (ps < or =0.05) as well as to certain disease characteristics. Post-chemotherapy IL-6 levels were higher in patients who had larger tumors (p < or = 0.05) while post-chemotherapy VEGF levels were higher in patients who had smaller tumors (p < or = 0.05). Post-chemotherapy sP-selectin levels were highest in women who had received epirubicin, cytoxan, 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy (p < or = 0.01). These findings indicate that chemotherapy treatment can be associated with elevations in certain markers of inflammation, particularly markers of endothelial and platelet activation. Inflammation in response to chemotherapy is most significantly related to inflammation that existed prior to chemotherapy but also potentially to treatment regimen and to certain disease characteristics.
Mills
Paul J
PJ
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103, USA. pmills@ucsd.edu
Ancoli-Israel
Sonia
S
Parker
Barbara
B
Natarajan
Loki
L
Hong
Suzi
S
Jain
Shamini
S
Sadler
Georgia R
GR
von Känel
Roland
R
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018943:Anthracyclines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000378:metabolism
D018943:Anthracyclines; D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019007:P-Selectin; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2006 May;57(5):663-70
16133528
Int J Biol Markers. 2001 Apr-Jun;16(2):126-9
11471895
Biomed Pharmacother. 2006 Jul;60(6):277-9
16806797
Clin Chem Lab Med. 2006;44(9):1092-7
16958602
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2006 Oct;17(5):325-37
16931107
Mol Divers. 2006 Nov;10(4):515-27
16972015
Cancer Lett. 2007 Apr 8;248(1):131-6
16891056
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007 Apr;102(2):129-35
16927176
Tumour Biol. 1995;16(5):290-6
7652467
Br J Cancer. 2001 Nov 2;85(9):1240-6
11720455
Int J Oncol. 2002 Mar;20(3):509-16
11836562
Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2002 Mar;13(2):165-8
11914659
Br J Cancer. 2002 Jul 1;87(1):21-7
12085250
Eur J Cancer. 2002 Nov;38(17):2252-7
12441261
Breast Cancer. 2003;10(2):120-8
12736564
Br J Cancer. 2003 Jun 2;88(11):1721-6
12771987
Breast Cancer Res. 2003;5(3):140-6
12793895
Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Oct 15;9(13):4877-83
14581361
Laryngoscope. 2003 Nov;113(11):1955-60
14603055
Cytokine. 2004 Feb 7;25(3):94-102
14698135
Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2004;31(1):20-2
14998180
Circulation. 2004 Jun 29;109(25):3122-31
15226229
Cytokine. 2004 Jul 21-Aug 7;27(2-3):58-65
15242694
Int J Biol Markers. 2004 Apr-Jun;19(2):130-4
15255545
Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Aug 1;10(15):4998-5003
15297400
J Pathol. 1995 Dec;177(4):369-76
8568591
Eur J Surg Oncol. 1995 Oct;21(5):504-9
7589594
J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 1996 Jan-Mar;10(1):25-6
9049778
Clin Cancer Res. 1998 Jan;4(1):31-6
9516949
Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 1998 Jun;100(3):283-300
9730008
Int J Oncol. 1999 Jan;14(1):71-7
9863011
Br J Cancer. 1999 May;80(3-4):579-84
10408869
Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2005;5(4):233-43
15984906
Biol Res Nurs. 2005 Oct;7(2):118-29
16267373
Anticancer Res. 1999 Sep-Oct;19(5C):4429-34
10650787
Cell Immunol. 2000 Jan 10;199(1):1-7
10675269
Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 1999 Jan;5(1):37-42
10725981
Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2001 Jan;12(1):43-50
11229826
Clin Chem. 2001 Mar;47(3):418-25
11238291
Br J Cancer. 2001 Mar 23;84(6):802-7
11259095
Am J Cardiol. 2001 Jun 15;87(12):1405-8
11397365
Anticancer Res. 2006 Mar-Apr;26(2C):1719-26
16617567