title: Design of the Endobronchial Valve for Emphysema Palliation Trial (VENT): a non-surgical method of lung volume reduction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung volume reduction surgery is effective at improving lung function, quality of life, and mortality in carefully selected individuals with advanced emphysema. Recently, less invasive bronchoscopic approaches have been designed to utilize these principles while avoiding the associated perioperative risks. The Endobronchial Valve for Emphysema PalliatioN Trial (VENT) posits that occlusion of a single pulmonary lobe through bronchoscopically placed Zephyr endobronchial valves will effect significant improvements in lung function and exercise tolerance with an acceptable risk profile in advanced emphysema.
  
  
  METHODS
  The trial design posted on Clinical trials.gov, on August 10, 2005 proposed an enrollment of 270 subjects. Inclusion criteria included: diagnosis of emphysema with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) < 45% of predicted, hyperinflation (total lung capacity measured by body plethysmography > 100%; residual volume > 150% predicted), and heterogeneous emphysema defined using a quantitative chest computed tomography algorithm. Following standardized pulmonary rehabilitation, patients were randomized 2:1 to receive unilateral lobar placement of endobronchial valves plus optimal medical management or optimal medical management alone. The co-primary endpoint was the mean percent change in FEV1 and six minute walk distance at 180 days. Secondary end-points included mean percent change in St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire score and the mean absolute changes in the maximal work load measured by cycle ergometry, dyspnea (mMRC) score, and total oxygen use per day. Per patient response rates in clinically significant improvement/maintenance of FEV1 and six minute walk distance and technical success rates of valve placement were recorded. Apriori response predictors based on quantitative CT and lung physiology were defined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If endobronchial valves improve FEV1 and health status with an acceptable safety profile in advanced emphysema, they would offer a novel intervention for this progressive and debilitating disease.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00129584.
authors: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. strangec@musc.edu
authors: Charlie
authors: C
authors: Strange
authors: Felix J F
authors: FJ
authors: Herth
authors: Kevin L
authors: KL
authors: Kovitz
authors: Geoffrey
authors: G
authors: McLennan
authors: Armin
authors: A
authors: Ernst
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Goldin
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Noppen
authors: Gerard J
authors: GJ
authors: Criner
authors: Frank C
authors: FC
authors: Sciurba
mesh_terms: D001999:Bronchoscopy; D004646:Emphysema / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011474:Prosthesis Design
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