Higher locomotor response to cocaine in female (vs. male) rats selectively bred for high (HiS) and low (LoS) saccharin intake.
Rats selectively bred for high saccharin consumption (HiS) self-administer more oral ethanol and i.v. cocaine than those selectively bred for low saccharin consumption (LoS). Male and female drug-seeking-prone (HiS) and -resistant (LoS) rats were used in the present experiment to test the prediction that cocaine-induced locomotor activity and sensitization varied with sex and their selective breeding status (HiS and LoS). All rats were intermittently exposed over 2 weeks to pairs of sequential saline and cocaine injections, separated by 45 min. The first 5 pairs of injections, each separated by 2-3 days (10-12 days total), were given to examine the development of cocaine-induced locomotor activity and the development of locomotor sensitization, which was determined by comparing the effects of cocaine injection 1 with injection 6 (given 2 weeks after the 5 pairs of intermittent injections). Results indicated that after the first injection pair (saline, cocaine) the HiS and LoS groups did not differ (saline vs. cocaine) in locomotor activity; however, after cocaine injection pairs 1, 5, and 6, HiS females were more active than HiS males and LoS females. There were also significant phenotype differences (HiS>LoS) in locomotor activity after cocaine injections 5 and 6. There was a weak sensitization effect in cocaine-induced locomotor activity in HiS females after cocaine injection 5 (compared to 1); however it was not present after injection 6 or in other groups. The lack of a strong sensitization effect under these temporal and dose conditions was inconsistent with previous reports. However, the results showing HiS>LoS and females>males on cocaine-induced activity measures are consistent with several measures of cocaine-seeking behavior (acquisition, maintenance, escalation, extinction, and reinstatement), and they suggest that cocaine-induced locomotor activity and sensitization are behavioral markers of drug-seeking phenotypes.
Carroll
Marilyn E
ME
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States. mcarroll@umn.edu
Anderson
Marissa M
MM
Morgan
Andrew D
AD
D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000523:psychology*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D012439:Saccharin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D013649:Taste / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*
D013549:Sweetening Agents; D012439:Saccharin; D003042:Cocaine
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