title: Expression and enzyme activity of glutathione reductase is upregulated by Fe-deficiency in graminaceous plants.
abstract: Glutathione reductase (GR) plays an important role in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. We studied the expression patterns and enzyme activities of GR in graminaceous plants under Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient conditions by isolating cDNA clones for chloroplastic GR (HvGR1) and cytosolic GR (HvGR2) from barley. We found that the sequences of GR1 and GR2 were highly conserved in graminaceous plants. Based on their nucleotide sequences, HvGR1 and HvGR2 were predicted to encode polypeptides of 550 and 497 amino acids, respectively. Both proteins showed in vitro GR activity, and the specific activity for HvGR1 was 3-fold that of HvGR2. Northern blot analyses were performed to examine the expression patterns of GR1 and GR2 in rice (Os), wheat (Ta), barley (Hv), and maize (Zm). HvGR1, HvGR2, and TaGR2 were upregulated in response to Fe-deficiency. Moreover, HvGR1 and TaGR1 were mainly expressed in shoot tissues, whereas HvGR2 and TaGR2 were primarily observed in root tissues. The GR activity increased in roots of barley, wheat, and maize and shoot tissues of rice, barley, and maize in response to Fe-deficiency. Furthermore, it appeared that GR was not post-transcriptionally regulated, at least in rice, wheat, and barley. These results suggest that GR may play a role in the Fe-deficiency response in graminaceous plants.
authors: Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
authors: Khurram
authors: K
authors: Bashir
authors: Seiji
authors: S
authors: Nagasaka
authors: Reiko Nakanishi
authors: RN
authors: Itai
authors: Takanori
authors: T
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Michiko
authors: M
authors: Takahashi
authors: Hiromi
authors: H
authors: Nakanishi
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Mori
authors: Naoko K
authors: NK
authors: Nishizawa
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000201:enzymology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001467:Hordeum / Q000201:enzymology*; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007501:Iron; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005978:Glutathione
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