title: Superior oblique tendon incarceration syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical features, etiology, and management of superior oblique tendon incarceration syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  This series consists of all patients I treated between September 15, 1974, and March 1, 2006, for restrictive hypertropia in which the superior oblique tendon was found scarred to the superior rectus muscle insertion after prior surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty eyes in 18 patients were included in this series. The mean+/-SD hypertropia of the affected eye was 15.4+/-9.0 prism diopters, and the mean+/-SD incyclotropia was 15.0 degrees+/-3.5 degrees. Causes of superior oblique tendon incarceration syndrome included prior superior rectus muscle resection, recession, plication, or transposition; superior oblique tendon recession, disinsertion, or posterior tenectomy; and scleral buckling surgery. The syndrome was difficult to treat and required a mean+/-SD of 1.9+/-0.7 additional surgical procedures to correct.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Superior oblique tendon incarceration syndrome is a complication of surgery on the superior rectus muscle or superior oblique tendon that can result in restrictive hypertropia and incyclotropia. Proper handling of the connection between the superior oblique tendon and superior rectus muscle at the time of surgery may prevent this complication, which can be difficult to treat.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, 2870 University Ave, Suite 206, Madison, WI 53705, USA. bkushner@wisc.edu
authors: Burton J
authors: BJ
authors: Kushner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D008297:Male; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013577:Syndrome; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome