Cardiac and aortic structural alterations due to surgically-induced menopause associated with renovascular hypertension in rats.
Menopause and hypertension independently alter cardiovascular remodelling, but little is known about their effect on left ventricular and aortic wall remodelling. Eight-weeks-old Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six animals each: Sham group, OVX group (ovariectomized rats), 2K1C (two-kidneys, one-clip rats) and OVX + 2K1C group and kept until 19 weeks. Blood pressure (BP) increased 12% in OVX group, 35% in 2K1C and OVX + 2K1C groups compared with sham group. Vaginal cytology showed Sham and 2K1C rats cycling normally, whereas OVX and OVX + 2K1C rats were persistently in dioestrus or proestrus. At euthanasia, left ventricle (LV) and thoracic aorta were removed and analysed (immunohistochemistry and stereology). LV mass/tibia length ratio and cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes increased in all groups except Sham. The intramyocardial vascularization reduced 30% in comparison with Sham group, with no difference among OVX, 2K1C and OVX + 2K1C groups. The cardiac interstitium increased more than 45% in both 2K1C and OVX + 2K1C groups compared with Sham, but there was no significant difference between Sham and OVX groups. Nuclei number of LV cardiomyocyte diminished in OVX group, followed by 2K1C group and OVX + 2K1C group, with no difference between the 2K1C and the OVX + 2K1C groups. There was positive immunostaining for angiotensin II AT1 receptor in smooth muscle cell layer of aortic tunica media in all groups. These results show that both ovariectomy and renovascular hypertension enhance BP as a single stimulus and therefore produce adverse cardiac remodelling. However, renovascular hypertension exerts a far greater influence than surgically-induced menopause in this parameter.
Mendonça
Leonardo de Souza
Lde S
Laboratory of Morphometry and Cardiovascular Morphology, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Fernandes-Santos
Caroline
C
Mandarim-de-Lacerda
Carlos Alberto
CA
D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D006978:Hypertension, Renovascular / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008593:Menopause; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000473:pathology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014599:Uterus / Q000473:pathology; D014621:Vagina / Q000473:pathology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
Curr Hypertens Rep. 2002 Dec;4(6):464-70
12419176
J Hypertens Suppl. 2002 May;20(2):S17-22
12183844
JAMA. 2003 May 21;289(19):2560-72
12748199
Hypertension. 2003 Oct;42(4):761-7
12885794
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2003 Dec;75(4):469-86
14605681
Maturitas. 2004 Feb 20;47(2):131-8
14757272
Int J Clin Pract Suppl. 2004 Mar;(139):13-9
15117108
Circ Res. 2004 Sep 3;95(5):523-31
15284190
Int J Exp Pathol. 2004 Oct;85(5):287-94
15379961
Am J Hypertens. 2004 Oct;17(10):994-1001
15485766
Mikroskopie. 1970 Jun;26(1):57-60
5530651
Clin Exp Hypertens A. 1982;4(9-10):1613-26
6754147
Am J Physiol. 1982 Dec;243(6):H941-7
6216817
Clin Exp Hypertens A. 1983;5(1):49-70
6339120
J Microsc. 1984 May;134(Pt 2):127-36
6737468
Am J Physiol. 1990 Apr;258(4 Pt 1):L148-56
2185653
Acta Anat (Basel). 1991;141(3):251-6
1755287
J Nutr. 1993 Nov;123(11):1939-51
8229312
J Hum Hypertens. 1998 Sep;12(9):587-92
9783485
Clin Sci (Lond). 1998 Oct;95(4):445-51
9748420
J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999 Apr;10 Suppl 12:S266-72
10201881
Hypertension. 1999 Aug;34(2):217-21
10454444
FASEB J. 2005 Oct;19(12):1755-7
16107535
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006 Feb 7;47(3 Suppl):S50-8
16458172
Nutrition. 2006 Feb;22(2):104-13
16459222
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006 May;290(5):H1788-97
16306215
Menopause. 2006 Mar-Apr;13(2):265-79
16645540
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006 May 16;47(10):1984-6
16697314
Am J Nephrol. 2006;26(2):170-80
16645264
Menopause. 2006 Jan-Feb;13(1):87-95
16607103
Hypertension. 2001 May;37(5):1199-208
11358929
Hypertension. 2001 Sep;38(3 Pt 2):588-91
11566936
J Hypertens Suppl. 2001 Sep;19(3):S3-8
11713848
Cardiovasc Res. 2002 Feb 15;53(3):688-708
11861040
Virchows Arch. 2003 Apr;442(4):364-71
12684765