title: Novel anisotropic engineered cardiac tissues: studies of electrical propagation.
abstract: The goal of this study was to engineer cardiac tissue constructs with uniformly anisotropic architecture, and to evaluate their electrical function using multi-site optical mapping of cell membrane potentials. Anisotropic polymer scaffolds made by leaching of aligned sucrose templates were seeded with neonatal rat cardiac cells and cultured in rotating bioreactors for 6-14 days. Cells aligned and interconnected inside the scaffolds and when stimulated by a point electrode, supported macroscopically continuous, anisotropic impulse propagation. By culture day 14, the ratio of conduction velocities along vs. across cardiac fibers reached a value of 2, similar to that in native neonatal ventricles, while action potential duration and maximum capture rate, respectively, decreased to 120ms and increased to approximately 5Hz. The shorter culture time and larger scaffold thickness were associated with increased incidence of sustained reentrant arrhythmias. In summary, this study is the first successful attempt to engineer a cm(2)-size, functional anisotropic cardiac tissue patch.
authors: Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, 3000 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA. nbursac@duke.edu
authors: Nenad
authors: N
authors: Bursac
authors: Yihua
authors: Y
authors: Loo
authors: Kam
authors: K
authors: Leong
authors: Leslie
authors: L
authors: Tung
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D016880:Anisotropy; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000503:physiopathology; D019149:Bioreactors; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D006016:Glycolates / Q000737:chemistry; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D009206:Myocardium / Q000648:ultrastructure; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000502:physiology; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013395:Sucrose / Q000737:chemistry; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: D006016:Glycolates; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D013395:Sucrose
references: Circ Res. 2000 Feb 18;86(3):302-11
references: 10679482
references: Expert Rev Med Devices. 2006 Nov;3(6):835-51
references: 17280547
references: J Biomed Mater Res. 2000 Nov;52(2):430-8
references: 10951385
references: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2001 Jan;280(1):H168-78
references: 11123231
references: Circ Res. 2002 Feb 8;90(2):223-30
references: 11834716
references: Circ Res. 2002 Feb 22;90(3):e40
references: 11861428
references: J Biomed Mater Res. 2002 Jun 5;60(3):472-9
references: 11920672
references: Circ Res. 2002 Dec 13;91(12):e45-54
references: 12480825
references: Tissue Eng. 2003 Dec;9(6):1243-53
references: 14670112
references: IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag. 2003 Sep-Oct;22(5):108-12
references: 14699943
references: J Assoc Physicians India. 1983 Aug;31(8):507-8
references: 6654819
references: In Vitro Cell Dev Biol. 1988 Jan;24(1):53-8
references: 3276657
references: Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1995 Jul;18(7):1395-400
references: 7567592
references: J Biomed Mater Res. 1998 Dec 5;42(3):417-24
references: 9788505
references: Am J Physiol. 1999 Aug;277(2 Pt 2):H433-44
references: 10444466
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Dec 28;101(52):18129-34
references: 15604141
references: FASEB J. 2005 Feb;19(2):275-7
references: 15574489
references: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005 Nov;130(5):1333-41
references: 16256786
references: Circ Res. 2006 Mar 17;98(5):705-12
references: 16469955
references: Nat Med. 2006 Apr;12(4):452-8
references: 16582915
references: Nat Med. 2006 Apr;12(4):459-65
references: 16582917
references: Cardiovasc Res. 2000 Jan 14;45(2):379-87
references: 10728358