title: [Pathophysiology of heart failure].
abstract: Chronic heart failure is a clinical syndrome and the final common pathway of different cardiac diseases. Heart failure is accompanied by activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system and the adrenergic nervous system. In addition, recent data emphasize important roles of maladaptive intracellular signaling pathways, decreased capillary density, altered calcium handling, metabolic changes, genetic polymorphisms, and programmed cell death in the failing heart. In this context, traditional pathophysiological concepts, e. g. concerning the role of cardiac hypertrophy, had to be given up. Thus, an increasingly complex scenario emerges with interdependent changes on the biochemical, molecular, metabolic, and cellular level. Novel therapeutic strategies may soon be based on these new pathophysiological concepts.
authors: Abteilung Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kempf
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Drexler
authors: K C
authors: KC
authors: Wollert
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System
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