title: Psychometric evaluation of health-related quality of life measures in women after different types of delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the psychometric properties of three internationally established measures for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in women after vaginal delivery (VD), elective cesarean section (CS), and emergency CS and the relationship of HRQoL scores with blood loss after delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective longitudinal study. One hundred forty-one consecutive patients (71 after VD, 36 after elective CS, and 34 after emergency CS) were enrolled in two university hospitals and one general hospital from June 2003 to March 2004. Women completed the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) and the EQ-5D classification of own health between 12 and 24 h after VD or between 24 and 48 h after CS. Subsequent assessments, additionally including the Short Form 36 (SF-36), were made 1, 3, and 6 weeks after delivery. We analyzed feasibility (response, completion time, reported difficulties, item nonresponse), reliability (Cronbach's alpha), discriminative validity between groups by type of delivery, and responsiveness over time (Wilcoxon's signed rank tests and effect sizes).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MFI, SF-36, and EQ-5D proved to be highly feasible and reliable (alpha>.7 for all scales of MFI and SF-36). The measures were able to discriminate between groups by mode of delivery and to detect moderate recovery in physical and small recovery in mental status over time in the first 6 weeks after delivery. The suboptimal total questionnaire response of 60% after 6 weeks was attributable to low response among women of non-Dutch ethnic origin. The significant correlation between Hb level and mean physical HRQoL scores found at T=0 disappeared 1 week postpartum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of MFI, SF-36, and EQ-5D showed good psychometric performance and is a good choice to measure HRQoL after delivery in scientific studies. Development of a shorter set is needed for use in routine clinical practice.
authors: Sanquin Blood Bank South West Region, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: A J Gerard
authors: AJ
authors: Jansen
authors: Marie-Louise
authors: ML
authors: Essink-Bot
authors: Johannes J
authors: JJ
authors: Duvekot
authors: Dick J
authors: DJ
authors: van Rhenen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000523:psychology*; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000523:psychology*; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000523:psychology*; D004630:Emergencies / Q000523:psychology*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006452:Hemoglobinometry; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*