title: Hypometabolism and altered cerebrospinal fluid markers in normal apolipoprotein E E4 carriers with subjective memory complaints.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined whether cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (CMRglc) on 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are altered in cognitively normal apolipoprotein E (ApoE) E4 carriers with subjective memory complaints (SMC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight middle-aged normal subjects (NL) were examined, including 13 E4 carriers (E4+; 6 with SMC [SMC+] and 7 without SMC [SMC-]) and 15 noncarriers (E4-; 7 SMC+ and 8 SMC-). Subjects received an FDG-PET scan and a lumbar puncture to measure CSF total (T-Tau) and hyperphosphorylated tau(231) (P-Tau), 40 and 42 amino acid forms of beta-amyloid (Abeta40 and Abeta42), and F(2)-isoprostane (IP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  As compared with E4-, E4+ subjects showed decreased CMRglc in AD-related brain regions and associated higher CSF IP, P-Tau, T-Tau, and P-Tau/Abeta42 levels (p's < .05). As compared with SMC-, SMC+ subjects showed reduced parietotemporal and parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) CMRglc. A significant ApoE by SMC status interaction was found, with the E4+/SMC+ showing the lowest PHG CMRglc and the highest CSF IP, P-Tau, and P-Tau/Abeta42 levels as compared with all other subgroups (p's < or = .05). The combination of CSF and CMRglc measures significantly improved the accuracy of either measures alone in discriminating ApoE groups (86% accuracy, odds ratio [OR] = 4.1, p < .001) and E4+/SMC+ from all other subgroups (86% accuracy, OR = 3.7, p = .005). Parahippocampal gyrus CMRglc was the most accurate discriminator of SMC groups (75% accuracy, OR = 2.4, p < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Normal E4 carriers with SMC show altered AD-related CSF and FDG-PET measures. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess whether these brain abnormalities foreshadow clinical decline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA. lisa.mosconi@med.nyu.edu
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mosconi
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Santi
authors.forename: Miroslaw
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brys
authors.forename: Wai H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pirraglia
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Glodzik-Sobanska
authors.forename: Kenneth E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.forename: Remigius
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Switalski
authors.forename: Pankaj D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pratico
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zinkowski
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blennow
authors.forename: Mony J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: de Leon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000235:genetics*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012016:Reference Values; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; C054369:MAPT protein, human; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D016875:tau Proteins; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18