title: Systemic adverse events: a comparison between topical and peribulbar anaesthesia in cataract surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety of topical anaesthesia (TA) versus peribulbar anaesthesia (PBA) in patients undergoing routine cataract surgery on the basis of systemic adverse events.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, a total of 2,020 consecutive cases of cataract surgery performed by one surgeon on 1,621 patients with PBA (n = 1,010; between 1998-1999) or TA (n = 1,010; between 1999-2001) were evaluated on the basis of intra-operative and early postoperative adverse events requiring medical intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of pre-existing risk factors in patients undergoing cataract surgery is high (97%). Complications are significantly less frequent in TA than in PBA in the intra-operative (p < 0.001) and postoperative (p = 0.022) courses. The incidence of intra-operative complications is higher in elderly patients (>or=65 years of age) than in younger patients (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from the present study indicate that intra-operative complications are less likely in patients that receive TA, suggesting the use of TA for routine cataract surgery both in young patients and particularly in elderly patients when there are no contraindications in the individual case.
authors.affiliation: University Eye Hospital, Münster, Germany. t.stupp@uni-muenster.de
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stupp
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hassouna
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soppart
authors.forename: Solon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thanos
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Förster
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local