title: The influence of improved glycaemic control with chlorpropamide on microvascular reactivity and nitric oxide synthase activity in diabetic rats.
abstract: Hyperglycaemia is a primary cause of vascular complications in diabetes. A hallmark of these vascular complications is endothelial cell dysfunction, which is partly due to reduced production of nitric oxide. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of improved glycaemic control with chlorpropamide on microvascular reactivity, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS) expression, and NOS activity in neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (n-STZ). Diabetes was induced by STZ injection into neonates Wistar rats. n-STZ diabetic rats were treated with chlorpropamide (200 mg kg(-1), 15 days, by gavage). The changes in mesenteric arteriolar and venular diameters were determined in anaesthetized control and n-STZ diabetic rats, before and after topical application of acetylcholine, bradykinin and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). We also assessed e-NOS expression (using polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription of mRNAs into cDNAs) and NOS activity (conversion of L-arginine to citrulline) in the mesenteric vascular bed of chlorpropamide-treated n-STZ, vehicle-treated n-STZ, and control rats. In n-STZ, chlorpropamide treatment reduced high glycaemic levels, improved glucose tolerance and homoeostatic model assessment (HOMA-beta), and restored NOS activity. Impaired vasodilator responses of arterioles and venules to acetylcholine, bradykinin and SNP were partially corrected by chlorpropamide treatment in n-STZ. We concluded that improved metabolic control and restored NOS activity might be collaborating with improved microvascular reactivity found in chlorpropamide-treated n-STZ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sartoretto
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scavone
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Tostes
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nigro
authors.forename: M H C
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: R K N
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Cuman
authors.forename: Z B
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Fortes
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002747:Chlorpropamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009599:Nitroprusside; D013311:Streptozocin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D000109:Acetylcholine; D001920:Bradykinin; D002747:Chlorpropamide