title: Treatment of acute ischemic brain infarction with the assistance of local intraarterial thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerebral infarction is usually due to arterial occlusion. Prompt treatment with thrombolytic drugs can restore blood flow and improve recovery from an infarct.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of local intraarterial thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA) in patients with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarctions within 6 hours of the onset of symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients (10 females and six males) aged from 42 to 61 years, with acute MCA territory infarcts were selected for treatment with local i.a. rtPA up to 6 hours after the onset of symptoms. Patient selection was based on clinical examination, computed tomography (CT), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). A clinical evaluation was performed before treatment, at the time of discharge, and 90 days post-procedure on the basis of modified Rankin and NIHSS scores. Controls (n = 16, nine females and seven males) aged from 51 to 70 years were treated only with intravenous anticoagulation using i.v. heparin infusion. The control group was evaluated with multidetector CT (MDCT) angiography performed on entry to the study and at 2-4 hours afterwards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight patients (50%) achieved a modified Rankin score of 2 or less as the primary outcome after 90 days follow-up. The secondary clinical outcome at 90-day follow-up was as follows: NIHSS score < or =1, three (19%) of the patients; NIHSS score > or =50% decrease, nine (56%) of the patients. A recanalization rate of 75% was achieved in 12 of the 16 treated patients, but only 12.5% in two of the 16 patients in the control group. Intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in two (12.5%) of the patients in the treatment group, but in only one patient (6%) in the control group. There were no deaths in the treated group after thrombolysis up to the time of discharge; however, during the 90-day follow-up, two patients died compared to three patients in the control group (19% vs. 12.5% mortality rate).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with cerebral infarction who were treated within 6 hours of onset using intraarterial rtPA thrombolysis had a significantly improved clinical outcome 90 days after the procedure compared to patients treated only with intravenous anticoagulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, and Neurosurgery Clinic, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, SPSK-1, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland. wponcyl@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Poncyljusz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falkowski
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kojder
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cebula
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sagan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Czechowski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walecka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator