title: Progression of diabetic macular edema: correlation with blood retinal barrier permeability, retinal thickness, and retinal vessel diameter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the progression of diabetic macular edema (DME) in relation to baseline retinal thickness, retinal vascular leakage, and retinal trunk vessel diameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this single-center study, 45 patients were enrolled with 62 eligible eyes defined as having DME of a grade less than clinically significant macular edema (CSME). From the start, the patients were included in a multicenter study exploring the effect of ruboxistaurin versus placebo for 3.4 years. Subsequently, the patients were followed up for a mean of 5.7 years by optical coherence tomography, fundus photography, and vitreous fluorometry. Baseline values in eyes that progressed to photocoagulation treatment were compared with values from eyes that did not reach this endpoint.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 22 eyes of 18 patients in which CSME was diagnosed and treated, mean retinal vascular leakage at baseline was 5.6 (95% CI 4.2-7.6) nm/s, whereas eyes that did not progress to photocoagulation had a significantly lower mean leakage at baseline of 3.4 (95% CI 2.7-4.3) nm/s. No significant difference was found for measures of baseline retinal thickness or summarized retinal trunk vessel diameters. Eyes that progressed to photocoagulation treatment (mean delay to treatment, 3.6 years) had significantly higher foveal thicknesses than did nonprogressing eyes, from 18 months after study initiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Progression to photocoagulation treatment for CSME was associated with higher retinal vascular leakage at baseline, whereas baseline retinal vessel diameters and retinal thickness were comparable in progressing and nonprogressing eyes. Baseline leakage was the strongest predictor of progression from non-CSME to photocoagulation for CSME.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. bisan@glo.regionh.dk
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: Dorte Nellemann
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Thornit
authors.forename: Lotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Colmorn
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Strøm
authors.forename: Aniz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Girach
authors.forename: Larry D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Hubbard
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lund-Andersen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D001813:Blood-Retinal Barrier; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000502:physiology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D019793:Fluorescein / Q000378:metabolism; D015590:Fluorophotometry; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019793:Fluorescein