title: The effects of combined alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and selenium against cadmium toxicity in rat intestine.
abstract: In this study, the effects of combined antioxidants treatment against cadmium toxicity were investigated microscopically, immunohistochemically, and biochemically in small intestine of Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were subdivided into four groups as intact control, cadmium was administrated, and both control and cadmium groups treated with ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and selenium. Metallothionein expression was localized in the base of intestinal glands in control rats and similar expression was observed with antioxidants treatment. In cadmium-administrated rats, metallothionein expression was detected in surface epithelium, longitudinal muscle layer, meissner, and myenteric plexuses, but not in the base of intestinal gland. On the other hand, in the rats treated with antioxidants and cadmium, immunreactivity increased in the surface epithelium and in the base of intestinal glands according to cadmium-administrated rats but not changed in the plexuses and longitudinal muscle layer. Biochemically, lipid peroxidation levels increased and glutathione levels decreased significantly in intestine of the cadmium group compared to the control. Treatment with antioxidants in cadmium-administrated rats led to a decrease in lipid peroxidation levels and a significant increase in glutathione levels. As a result, the combination of ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and selenium shows a protective effect against cadmium toxicity in small intestine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sehnaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bolkent
authors.forename: Meral
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koyuturk
authors.forename: Omur Karabulut
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Bulan
authors.forename: Sevim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tunali
authors.forename: Refiye
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yanardag
authors.forename: Ayse Oguz
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Tabakoglu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002105:Cadmium Poisoning / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012643:Selenium / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002104:Cadmium; D008668:Metallothionein; D005978:Glutathione; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D012643:Selenium; D001205:Ascorbic Acid