title: NO-mediated apoptosis in yeast.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is a small molecule with distinct roles in diverse physiological functions in biological systems, among them the control of the apoptotic signalling cascade. By combining proteomic, genetic and biochemical approaches we demonstrate that NO and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) are crucial mediators of yeast apoptosis. Using indirect methodologies and a NO-selective electrode, we present results showing that H2O2-induced apoptotic cells synthesize NO that is associated to a nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like activity as demonstrated by the use of a classical NOS kit assay. Additionally, our results show that yeast GAPDH is a target of extensive proteolysis upon H2O2-induced apoptosis and undergoes S-nitrosation. Blockage of NO synthesis with Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester leads to a decrease of GAPDH S-nitrosation and of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, increasing survival. These results indicate that NO signalling and GAPDH S-nitrosation are linked with H2O2-induced apoptotic cell death. Evidence is presented showing that NO and GAPDH S-nitrosation also mediate cell death during chronological life span pointing to a physiological role of NO in yeast apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buttner
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohlmeier
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mesquita
authors.forename: Belém
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sampaio-Marques
authors.forename: Nuno S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Osório
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kollau
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Cecília
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leão
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laranjinha
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Madeo
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ludovico
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016877:Oxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases