title: Hypoxia induces expression and activation of AMPK in rat dental pulp cells.
abstract: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a stress-responsive enzyme involved in cell adaptation to an energy crisis. We hypothesized that hypoxia suppresses oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production, resulting in AMPK activation to protect cells. We investigated the effects of hypoxia on cell proliferation, the expression of AMPK and hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha), the activation of AMPK, and the relationship between AMPK and HIF-1alpha expression in rat dental pulp RPC-C2A cells. AMPK in the cells was composed of catalytic alpha1, and regulatory beta1 and gamma1 subunit isoforms. Cell proliferation was initially suppressed under hypoxia, but it increased thereafter, together with an increase in the expression of AMPK and HIF-1alpha, and the activation of AMPK. Down-regulation of AMPKalpha1 by siRNA inhibited cell proliferation under both normoxia and hypoxia, revealing that AMPK induction and activation were required for cell proliferation, although HIF-1alpha expression under hypoxia was not affected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba City, Japan. gakofukuyama@tde.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Okoshi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suehara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kizaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: C497444:Hif1a protein, rat; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases