title: Healthy adults can more easily elevate the pelvic floor in standing than in crook-lying: an experimental study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Are there any differences in the displacement and endurance of an elevating voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction in standing and in crook-lying? Are there any differences in these variables between males and females in either test position?
  
  
  METHODS
  An experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five nulliparous female and 20 male participants aged 23 years (SD 3) with no symptoms of urinary incontinence or low back pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction was measured in both standing and crook-lying.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transabdominal ultrasound was used to measure the displacement (mm) and endurance (s) of pelvic floor elevation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Displacement was greater in standing than in crook-lying (mean difference 2.6 mm, 95% CI 1.5 to 3.7). There was no difference between males and females (mean difference 1.3 mm, 95% CI 0.5 to 3.2). Similarly, endurance of pelvic floor elevation was longer in standing than in crook-lying (mean difference 17.3 s, 95% CI 12.2 to 22.4). Again there was no difference between males and females (mean difference 0.5 s, 95% CI 9.3 to 8.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standing was found to be a more effective position for achieving and sustaining an elevation of the pelvic floor compared to crook-lying, regardless of sex, and this should be taken into account when assessing and training pelvic floor muscle contraction.
authors.affiliation: Curtin University of Technology, Australia.
authors.forename: Malina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: B-K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Follington
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arndt
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005246:Feedback / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014463:Ultrasonography