title: Determination of genotoxic, antigenotoxic and cytotoxic potential of the extract from lichen Cetraria aculeata (Schreb.) Fr. in vitro.
abstract: Naturally occurring compounds can have protective effects towards mutagens and carcinogens as shown by numerous studies. In the present study, the genotoxic/antigenotoxic activities of the extract from lichen Cetraria aculeata (Schreb.) Fr., which has been identified as an antibacterial agent in former studies, were investigated against known mutagens such as 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (4-NPD) and 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) in TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium in the presence or absence of metabolic activity. Further genotoxicity/antigenotoxicity of the extract against mitomycin C for micronucleus formation was also evaluated in human lymphocytes. The cytotoxic effects of the extract on mammalian cells were investigated in three different cell line types by MTT assay. The results obtained show that the extract of C. aculeata has a significant antigenotoxic activity in bacterial systems, but not in mammalian cells and cytotoxic activity in some mammalian cancer cells. However, it was not mutagenic in all systems. The findings suggest that the lichen extract may have a possible therapeutic potential and therefore this must be further investigated by other multiple in vitro bioassays for the development of therapeutic agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. hzeytino@anadolu.edu.tr
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeytinoglu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Incesu
authors.forename: B Ayaz
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Tuylu
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Turk
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barutca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008011:Lichens / Q000737:chemistry*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000494:pharmacology; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D005449:Fluorenes; D009153:Mutagens; D010655:Phenylenediamines; D010936:Plant Extracts; C012177:2-aminofluorene; C012277:1,2-diamino-4-nitrobenzene