title: Microwave-assisted extraction and HPLC-DAD determination of drugs of abuse in human plasma.
abstract: A sample preparation procedure using microwave energy is proposed for the determination of morphine, 6-acetylmorphine, codeine, cocaine, cocaethylene, benzoylecgonine, methadone, and 2-ethylene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine in human plasma. A screening asymmetrical factorial design was used to identify the most suitable extraction conditions as regards solvent, temperature, and extraction time. The target drugs were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. The use of microwave energy was found to reduce solvent consumption and extraction time compared with solid-phase extraction. The detector response was linear over the drug concentration range of 0.05-2.0 microg/mL in human plasma. The precision and accuracy were good, with values less than 8% and 7%, respectively. Drug recoveries from spiked samples ranged from 69 to 81%. The proposed method was successfully applied to a number of forensic cases.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Legal Medicine, Forensic Toxicology Service, Faculty of Medicine, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. imlpuri@usc.es
authors.forename: Purificación
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lago
authors.forename: Rosa Antonia
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
authors.forename: Antonia María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Carro
authors.forename: Ana María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bermejo
authors.forename: María Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tabernero
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003061:Codeine / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000097:blood* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008691:Methadone / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008872:Microwaves; D009020:Morphine / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012997:Solvents; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D012997:Solvents; C005618:benzoylecgonine; D009020:Morphine; C066444:cocaethylene; D003042:Cocaine; D008691:Methadone; D003061:Codeine; C010724:2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine