title: Abnormal activator protein 1 transcription factor expression in CD30-positive cutaneous large-cell lymphomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CD30+ cutaneous large-cell lymphomas (CLCL) represent a heterogeneous subgroup of skin lymphomas including primary cutaneous CD30+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (C-ALCL), lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), transformed mycosis fungoides (T-MF) and Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) with cutaneous involvement. The activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor consists of JUN, FOS and other protein families. Recent studies have revealed upregulation of JUNB in both MF and C-ALCL and overexpression of JUNB and CD30 in systemic HL and ALCL.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess systematically the expression pattern of AP-1 transcription factors in CLCL.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed paraffin tissue sections from 27 patients with LyP, 10 with C-ALCL, eight with T-MF and two with cutaneous HL by immunohistochemistry with antibodies against c-JUN, JUNB, JUND, c-FOS and RAF-1. We also stained samples from 10 patients with C-ALCL, seven with Sézary syndrome (SS), six with T-MF, three with cutaneous HL, two with LyP and control samples with total and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) antibodies. Results Positive staining for JUND (++) was observed in 13 cases of LyP (48%), 10 C-ALCL, six T-MF (75%) and two cutaneous HL cases. Positive JUNB protein expression was present in four cases of T-MF (50%), four C-ALCL (44%), three LyP (11%) and two cutaneous HL. Expression of total (p44/42) MAP kinase and phosphorylated p44/42 MAP kinase were detected in nine cases of C-ALCL (90%), seven SS (88%), five T-MF (89%) and three cutaneous HL. Most of these samples also showed positive staining for JUNB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest the presence of abnormal AP-1 protein expression in CLCL, which may be relevant to CLCL.
authors.affiliation: Skin Tumour Unit, St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, UK. mxmayo@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orchard
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Russell-Jones
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Whittaker
mesh_terms: D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016410:Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000378:metabolism; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf