title: A spectrum of mutations in keratins K6a, K16 and K17 causing pachyonychia congenita.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare autosomal dominant keratin disorder, subdivided into two major variants, PC-1 and PC-2. Predominant characteristics include hypertrophic nail dystrophy, focal palmoplantar keratoderma and oral leukokeratosis. Multiple steatocystomas that develop during puberty are a useful feature distinguishing PC-2 from PC-1. At the molecular level it has been shown that mutations in keratin K6a or K16 cause PC-1 whereas those in K6b or K17 lead to PC-2.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify mutations in 22 families presenting with clinical symptoms of either PC-1/focal non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (FNEPPK) or PC-2.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mutation analysis was performed on genomic DNA from PC patients by direct sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we report four new missense and five known mutations in K6a; one new deletion and three previously identified missense mutations in K16; plus one known mutation in K17.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With one exception, all these heterozygous mutations are within the highly conserved helix boundary motif regions at either end of the keratin rod domain. In one sporadic case, a unique mutation in K16 resulting in deletion of 24bp was found within the central rod domain, in a child with a phenotype predominantly consisting of focal plantar keratoderma. The identification of mutations in cases of PC is prerequisite for future development of gene-specific and/or mutation-specific therapies.
authors.affiliation: Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
authors.forename: Haihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Jane M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sayers
authors.forename: Neil J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Irvine
authors.forename: Jemima E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Mellerio
authors.forename: Eulalia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baselga
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bayliss
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Uliana
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fimiani
authors.forename: E Birgitte
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: W H Irwin
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.forename: Sancy A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Leachman
authors.forename: Frances J D
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D017353:Gene Deletion; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D053536:Keratin-16 / Q000235:genetics*; D053537:Keratin-17 / Q000235:genetics*; D053553:Keratin-6 / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D020125:Mutation, Missense / Q000235:genetics; D053549:Pachyonychia Congenita / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: C507569:KRT6A protein, human; D053536:Keratin-16; D053537:Keratin-17; D053553:Keratin-6