title: H pylori seropositivity and cytokine gene polymorphisms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms, IL1B-511C/T, IL1B-31C/T, IL6-634C/G, TNF-1031T/C, TNF-857C/T, and IL10-1082A/G, interact with smoking and drinking habits to influence infection with H pylori.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 410 Japanese transit company employees. C-reactive protein and conventional cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated. Serum anti-H pylori antibodies were measured. The genotypes of IL1B-511C/T, IL1B-31C/T, IL6-634C/G, TNF-1031T/C, TNF-857C/T, and IL10-1082A/G polymorphisms were determined by allelic discrimination using fluorogenic probes and a 5' nuclease assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In gender- and age-adjusted logistic analyses, the subjects with TNF-857T/T had a significantly lower odds ratio (OR) for H pylori seropositivity (reference -857C/C; OR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03-0.59, P = 0.007). After stratification according to smoking and drinking status, among never-smokers, the subjects with IL1B-511C/T had a significantly lower OR (reference -511C/C; OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.10-0.90, P = 0.032). Among drinkers in the 1-5 times/wk category, the subjects with IL1B-511T/T had a significantly lower OR (reference C/C; OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.16-0.95, P = 0.039), and the subjects with IL1B-31C/T and T/T had a significantly higher OR (reference C/C; C/T: OR = 2.59, 95% CI, P = 0.042: 1.04-6.47; C/C: OR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.23-8.14, P = 0.017). Among current smokers, the subjects with IL6-634C/G had a significantly higher OR (reference C/C; OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.13-4.58, P = 0.021). However, the interactions terms between the aforementioned genotypes and lifestyles were not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrary to previous findings, the results herein suggest that the TNF-857T/T genotype may be protective against chronic infection with H pylori. Drinking and smoking habits may influence the effect of cytokine gene polymorphisms. Further studies are required to clarify the effects of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine polymorphisms and gene-environmental interactions on H pylori infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science, Asahikawa Medical College, Midorigaoka, E2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan. y-saijo@asahikawa-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saijo
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawaharada
authors.forename: Fumihiro
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sata
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kishi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012698:Serologic Tests; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines