title: [Development of polymerase chain reaction-based test systems for influenza A virus isolation and typing].
abstract: Influenza viruses are spread worldwide and cause the disease in birds and mammals, including human beings. Moreover, birds are the natural reservoir of influenza A viruses. Early detection of newly emerging influenza viruses requires permanent monitoring. Traditional viral shedding methods using cell cultures and chicken embryos are time-consuming and laborious analysis when a large number of samples are examined. The paper describes the use of polymerase chain reaction-based test systems to detect influenza A virus and to differentiate its two subtypes: H5 and H7. The developed test systems were evaluated on 19 reference influenza A virus strains. Thereafter, more than 1500 samples from wild and domestic birds, collected in the Russian Federation in 2004-2006, were studied. The data of these test systems were compared with the techniques of viral shedding in the cell cultures and chicken embryos.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kireev
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Akanina
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Grebennikova
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Zaberezhnyĭ
authors.forename: M Iu
authors.initials: MIu
authors.lastname: Shchelkanov
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: L'vov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000821:virology; D001717:Birds / Q000821:virology; D017931:DNA Primers; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011200:Poultry / Q000821:virology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins; D009439:Neuraminidase