title: Risk factors for local and distant recurrence of hepatocellular carcinomas after local ablation therapies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurs frequently after local ablation therapies. Recurrence following the therapies may be of two types: local recurrence and distant recurrence. The aim of the current study is to separately elucidate the predisposing factors for each recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among the 2141 consecutive patients with HCC who were admitted to our institute and affiliated hospital between May 1997 and April 2004, 621 patients who had undergone local ablation therapies as the initial treatment were enrolled. Correlations between the clinical backgrounds of the patients and the type of recurrence were analyzed by the Cox proportional hazard model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A multivariate analysis revealed that tumor size (>30 mm; risk ratio 2.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.77-4.45; P < 0.0001), tumor number (> or =2; 1.74, 1.23-2.47, P = 0.002), and the serum alpha-fetoprotein level (>100 ng/mL; (1.62, 1.09-2.41, P = 0.014), which were classified as "tumor factors", were significant predisposing factors for the local recurrence of HCC. In contrast, a low platelet count (<100,000/microL; 1.34, 1.04-1.74, P = 0.03) and the presence of ascites (1.73, 1.16-2.57, P = 0.008), which were classified as "background factors", as well as tumor size (1.83, 1.11-3.01, P = 0.02) and tumor number (2.23, 1.72-3.00, P < 0.0001) were predisposing factors for distant recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The predisposing factors for local and distant recurrence of HCC differ and different precautions must be observed to prevent recurrence, depending on the HCC status and background liver functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima City Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan. nouso@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nouso
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Shin-Ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Kohsaku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiratori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001201:Ascites / Q000473:pathology; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000379:methods; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D018579:Patient Selection; D010976:Platelet Count; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C097353:AFP protein, human; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D000431:Ethanol