title: Diagnostic value of galectin-3, HBME-1, cytokeratin 19, high molecular weight cytokeratin, cyclin D1 and p27(kip1) in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules.
abstract: The distinction between benign and malignant thyroid tumors is critical for the management of patients with thyroid nodules. We applied immunohistochemical staining for galectin-3, HBME-1, cytokeratin 19 (CK19), high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMWCK), cyclin D1 and p27(kip1) in 295 thyroid lesions to determine their diagnostic accuracy. The expression of all markers was significantly associated with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). The sensitivity for the diagnosis of DTC was 94.7% with galectin-3, 91.3% with HBME-1, and 90.3% with CK19. The specificities of these markers were 95.5%, 69.7%, and 83.1%, respectively. Combining these markers, co-expression of galectin-3 and CK19 or galectin-3 and HBME-1 was seen in 93.2% of carcinomas but in none of the benign nodules. Comparing follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (FVPC) with follicular carcinoma (FC), the expression of galectin-3, CK19, and HMWCK was significantly higher in FVPC. When comparing FC with FA, the expression of galectin-3 and HBME-1 was significantly higher in FC. These results suggest that 1) galectin-3 is a useful marker in the distinction between benign and malignant thyroid tumors, 2) the combined use of HBME-1 and CK19 can increase the diagnostic accuracy, and 3) the use of CK19 and HMWCK can aid in the differential diagnosis between PC and FC.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Joo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Soo Heon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Dong Chul
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Haeryoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Gheeyoung
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: Do Joon
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hak Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Seong Hoe
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Bo Youn
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: So Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D018265:Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000032:analysis; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 / Q000032:analysis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D053539:Keratin-19 / Q000032:analysis; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019938:Cyclin D1; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D037502:Galectin 3; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053539:Keratin-19; D007633:Keratins; C436291:CDKN1B protein, human; C432845:HBME-1 antigen; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm