title: Safety and efficacy of enfuvirtide for 48 weeks as part of an optimized antiretroviral regimen in pediatric human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enfuvirtide is the only entry inhibitor approved for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. It is approved for use in adults and dosage recommendations exist for children aged 6 years or older.
  
  
  METHODS
  T20-310 was a multicenter, open-label, nonrandomized, noncomparative study of the safety and efficacy of 2.0 mg/kg (maximum 90 mg) twice-daily subcutaneous enfuvirtide for 48 weeks in 52 treatment-experienced, HIV-1-infected pediatric patients (3-16 years) receiving optimized background therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enfuvirtide was generally well tolerated, and no new patterns of adverse events compared with adults were observed. Mild-to-moderate injection-site reactions were the most common adverse event. Of those participants on treatment for 48 weeks, the median change from baseline in HIV-1 RNA was -1.17 log10 copies/mL (n = 32), and there was a median CD4 change of +106 (n = 25) cells/mm3 and +4.7 CD4%. Seventeen (32.7%) patients achieved a viral load decrease of > or =1 log10 copies/mL and 11 (21.2%) achieved HIV-1 RNA <400 copies/mL. Virologic and immunologic treatment responses were substantially better for children (<11 years) than adolescents. Steady-state mean enfuvirtide C(trough) levels were stable during 24 weeks with no differences between children and adolescents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enfuvirtide is an effective treatment for HIV-1 infection in children and adolescents receiving optimized background therapy and has a favorable safety profile. Efficacy in adolescents was inferior; probably related to unique adherence challenges. The long-term safety and efficacy of enfuvirtide in pediatric patients is comparable to that observed in adults.
authors.affiliation: Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. wiznia@worldnet.att.net
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiznia
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Church
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Emmanuel
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eppes
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rowell
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertasso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000077560:Enfuvirtide; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D023581:HIV Fusion Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41; D023581:HIV Fusion Inhibitors; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D000077560:Enfuvirtide