title: Equine idiopathic cheek teeth fractures. Part 1: Pathological studies on 35 fractured cheek teeth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is little published information on the pathology of idiopathic fractures of cheek teeth (CT).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To perform pathological examinations on equine CT with idiopathic fractures in order to establish fracture patterns and to gain information on their aetiopathogenesis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Gross and histological examination of CT with idiopathic fractures, including measurements of dentinal thickness, will provide information on fracture patterns, and on the duration and aetiopathogenesis of these fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 35 CT with idiopathic fractures that were examined to determine their fracture patterns, 20 underwent gross, histological and ultrastructural examinations, including dentinal thickness measurements, with the latter compared to dentinal measurements of dental age and Triadan position matched control CT, to help determine the duration of any pre-existing endodontic disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fracture planes involved the pulp chambers in 30 out of 35 CT examined, and ran through coalesced, carious infundibula in the other 5 (maxillary) CT. The maxillary CT, particularly the Triadan 09 position were preferentially affected. The most common fracture plane, which was termed a maxillary buccal slab fracture, occurred through the 2 lateral (1st and 2nd) pulp chambers of maxillary CT and usually involved only the clinical crown. Buccal slab fractures of mandibular CT (through 4th and 5th pulp chambers) and midline sagittal fractures through the infundibula (of maxillary CT) were the next most common fracture patterns. Reduced dentinal thickness (probably indicating prior pathological changes in the fractured CT) was present in 25% of fractured CT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most idiopathic equine CT fractures involve the pulp chambers, especially those on the buccal aspect of both upper and lower CT. No predisposition to fracture was found in the majority of affected CT that appeared to have a normal endodontic appearance prior to development of fractures through their pulp chambers. The remaining idiopathic CT fractures were caused by advanced infundibular caries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All CT with idiopathic fractures are all at risk of pulpar or even apical infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dacre
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kempsot
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dixon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003804:Dentin / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003813:Dentistry / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006736:Horses; D014076:Tooth Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000379:methods