title: Cytotoxicity of silicone oil on cultivated human corneal endothelium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the cytotoxic effects of silicone oil on the cultivated human corneal endothelial cells (CEs).
  
  
  METHODS
  We cultured human CE and passed them in insert wells that allowed the apical side of CE monolayer in contact with the silicone oil. The tested silicone oils were of two different viscosities, 1,000 and 5,000 centistoke (CS). MTS proliferation bioassay and calcein-acetoxymethyl ester (CAM)-ethidium homodimer staining were performed to evaluate cell viability after CEs were co-cultured with silicone oils for 48 h. Apoptosis of CEs was evaluated by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) stain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MTS bioassay showed that contact of silicone oil inhibited CE proliferation. The higher viscosity (5,000 CS) silicone oil suppressed cell cycling significantly more than the lower viscosity (1,000 CS) silicone oil. CAM-ethidium homodimer staining revealed CE death, 9.1+/-0.1% (1,000 CS silicone oil) and 41.6+/-0.4% (5,000 CS), but apoptosis played only minor role in silicone oil toxicity, 1.7+/-0.1% (1,000 CS silicone oil) and 9.4+/-0.1% (5,000 CS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Silicone oil is cytotoxic to cultivated human CEs. Avoiding the forward migration of silicone oil to the anterior chamber and corneal CE contact is critical in preventing silicone oil-associated keratopathy. Silicone oil should be removed as early as possible once the goal of tamponade has been achieved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, The Republic of China.
authors.forename: C-S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: K-H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W-M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Y-S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D012827:Silicone Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D012827:Silicone Oils