title: The transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene is associated with Type 2 diabetes in UK community-based cases, but the risk allele frequency is reduced compared with UK cases selected for genetic studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Common polymorphisms in the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene are strongly associated with Type 2 diabetes. Many studies include a large proportion of cases enriched for family history or young age of diagnosis and may therefore provide an overestimation of the general population risk. We aimed to compare the impact of TCF7L2 in UK community-based Type 2 diabetic subjects with that in subjects ascertained for genetic studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We genotyped the TCF7L2 polymorphism rs7903146 in 1068 cases from two sources: 487 from 10 GP practices and 601 ascertained for genetic studies, and 2099 control subjects from two sources: 1099 parents from a birth cohort (population control subjects) and 300 subjects with normal fasting glucose aged > or = 45 years (community control subjects).
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with Type 2 diabetes cases ascertained for genetic studies, the risk allele frequency in community-based cases was lower (40 vs. 36%, P = 0.04), but there was no difference in risk allele frequency between community-based control and population-based control subjects (31 vs. 30%, P = 0.61). The T allele of rs7903146 increased Type 2 diabetes risk with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.13-1.52; P = 0.0002) in community-based cases, but this OR was lower than the OR of cases enriched for genetic studies [1.58 (95% CI: 1.38-1.80), P = 1.4 x 10(-11)] and the combined OR of meta-analysis of 10 studies to date on rs7903146 [1.48 (95% CI: 1.41-1.54), P < 10(-20)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Common variation in the TCF7L2 gene contributes to Type 2 diabetes risk in UK patients recruited in general practice, but the risk allele frequency may be lower than that in subjects enriched for genetic effects.
authors.affiliation: Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, UK.
authors.forename: N M G
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: De Silva
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Parnell
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Weedon
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Hattersley
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Frayling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000209:etiology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D058118:Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein
chemical_list: D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; C544894:TCF7L2 protein, human; D058118:Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein