Lithiasis and risk factors.
Nephrolithiasis is a worldwide disease with high clinical and economic costs. The increasing incidence in industrialized countries seems to be related to several risk factors, which are partly inherited and partly acquired. Although risk factors in urolithiasis are still under discussion, their identification would provide a notable gain for the patient in terms of stone episodes, and for the health service in terms of costs. This article presents an easy classification of risk factors based on clinical background.
Ferrari
P
P
Centro Urologico Emiliano, Hesperia Hospital Modena, Ospedale di Suzzara S.p.A., Modena, Italy. pferrari@hesperia.it
Piazza
R
R
Ghidini
N
N
Bisi
M
M
Galizia
G
G
Ferrari
G
G
D000367:Age Factors; D001835:Body Weight; D002980:Climate; D015897:Comorbidity; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D004326:Drinking; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008019:Life Style; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*