title: Oriental herbs as a source of novel anti-androgen and prostate cancer chemopreventive agents.
abstract: Androgen and androgen receptor (AR) signaling are crucial for the genesis of prostate cancer (PCa), which can often develop into androgen-ligand-independent diseases that are lethal to the patients. Recent studies show that even these hormone-refractory PCa require ligand-independent AR signaling for survival. As current chemotherapy is largely ineffective for PCa and has serious toxic sideeffects, we have initiated a collaborative effort to identify and develop novel, safe and naturally occurring agents that target AR signaling from Oriental medicinal herbs for the chemoprevention and treatment of PCa. We highlight our discovery of decursin from an Oriental formula containing Korean Angelica gigas Nakai (Dang Gui) root as a novel anti-androgen/AR agent. We have identified the following mechanisms to account for the specific anti-AR actions: rapid block of AR nuclear translocation, inhibition of binding of 5alpha-dihydrotestesterone to AR and increased proteasomal degradation of AR protein. Furthermore, decursin lacks the agonist activity of the "pure" anti-androgen bicalutamide and is more potent than bicalutamide in inducing PCa apoptosis. Structure-activity analyses reveal a critical requirement of the side-chain on decursin or its structural isomer decursinol angelate for anti-AR, cell cycle arrest and proapoptotic activities. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using activity-guided fractionation in cell culture assays combined with mechanistic studies to identify novel anti-androgen/ AR agents from complex herbal mixtures.
authors.affiliation: Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA. jlu@hi.umn.edu
authors.forename: Junxuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Sung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: HyoJeong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Junming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059002:Androgen Receptor Antagonists; D029971:Angelica sinensis; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002087:Butyrates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003374:Coumarins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D059002:Androgen Receptor Antagonists; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D001578:Benzopyrans; D002087:Butyrates; D003374:Coumarins; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; C044613:angelicae sinensis extract; C101278:decursin