title: S100B and S100A6 differentially modulate cell survival by interacting with distinct RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) immunoglobulin domains.
abstract: S100 proteins are EF-hand calcium-binding proteins with various intracellular functions including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Some S100 proteins are also secreted and exert extracellular paracrine and autocrine functions. Experimental results suggest that the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays important roles in mediating S100 protein-induced cellular signaling. Here we compared the interaction of two S100 proteins, S100B and S100A6, with RAGE by in vitro assay and in culture of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Our in vitro binding data showed that S100B and S100A6, although structurally very similar, interact with different RAGE extracellular domains. Our cell assay data demonstrated that S100B and S100A6 differentially modulate cell survival. At micromolar concentration, S100B increased cellular proliferation, whereas at the same concentration, S100A6 triggered apoptosis. Although both S100 proteins induced the formation of reactive oxygen species, S100B recruited phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT and NF-kappaB, whereas S100A6 activated JNK. More importantly, we showed that S100B and S100A6 modulate cell survival in a RAGE-dependent manner; S100B specifically interacted with the RAGE V and C(1) domains and S100A6 specifically interacted with the C(1) and C(2) RAGE domains. Altogether these results highlight the complexity of S100/RAGE cellular signaling.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Pediatrics, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Estelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leclerc
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.forename: Mirjam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weibel
authors.forename: Claus W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Heizmann
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galichet
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053179:Caspase 7 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology*; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D019085:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008954:Models, Biological; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000473:pathology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D009418:S100 Proteins; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7