title: [Coupled evolution of digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and excretory systems: a model investigation].
abstract: A model is developed of evolution of an organism with digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and excretory systems at the single system. The model is realized on the basis of the language STELLA 8.0. A balance is found between perfection of each individual physiological system and necessary energy expenditures for survival of the organism as a whole. The model is based on a coupled development of several visceral systems. There is analyzed effect of a change of consumption of substances with food and of oxygen amount on their oxidation, a branching of blood flow to organs, specifically to kidneys, to excrete final products of metabolism from blood. The energy expenditures for circulation are believed to be proportional to blood flow in a given organ. An increase of efficiency of renal excretion from blood of final metabolic products and toxic substances has a favorable effect on inner medium and activity of each cell of an individual, but increases of the organism energy expenditures. Interrelation of these factors under conditions of adaptation to changing environmental conditions determines peculiarities of evolution of each physiological system in an individual.
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Menshutkin
authors.forename: Iu V
authors.initials: IuV
authors.lastname: Natochin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D002319:Cardiovascular System; D004064:Digestive System; D004068:Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; D008954:Models, Biological; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; D012137:Respiratory System; D014566:Urogenital System / Q000502:physiology*