title: Brain diffusivity in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus with new acute neurological symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the source of significant difference in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) between patients with acute symptoms of neuropsychiatric (NP) systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (NPSLE) and normal controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging was performed on 1.5-T scanners in 17 female and four male NPSLE patients with acute neurological symptoms (23-76 years, mean = 42.7 years), and in 21 aged-matched healthy controls (16 female, five male, 26-63 years, mean = 41.1 years). ADC histograms were calculated for whole brain, gray matter tissue, and white matter tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 17 NPSLE patients, 13 (72%) had abnormal findings on MR imaging. The NPSLE patients had a mean ADC value of (1105.1 +/- 23.6) x 10(-6) mm(2)/second and the control had a mean ADC value of (1012.5 +/- 9.4) x 10(-6) mm(2)/second (P < or = 0.0012). Significant differences were also found in white matter (P < or = 0.0020) and gray matter (P < or = 0.0022).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADC histogram analysis demonstrated increased general diffusivity in the brain in NPSLE patients with acute symptoms compared with healthy normal controls. This finding suggests that in the brain parenchyma of NPSLE patients a loss of tissue integrity occurs facilitating motility of free-water protons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Basic Radiological Sciences Division, University Hospital of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0553, USA. rcwelsh@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Welsh
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rahbar
authors.forename: Bradley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Foerster
authors.forename: Majda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thurnher
authors.forename: Pia C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Sundgren
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D004058:Diffusion; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D011522:Protons
chemical_list: D011522:Protons