Comparative optimism in the spontaneous generation of future life-events.
We examined whether comparative optimism characterizes the events people generate when they describe their future. In contrast to previous studies in which participants estimated the likelihoods of experimenter-generated events, our participants freely listed important events they believed were possible in their future versus the average person's future. They also provided desirability ratings, controllability ratings, and likelihood estimates for these self-generated events. Participants listed more desirable and fewer undesirable events in their future than in the average person's future. These differences were stronger for controllable than uncontrollable events. Comparative optimism was also observed in participants' ratings of the likelihood of positive and negative events. Taken together, these findings suggest that a comparative optimism characterizes future expectations about spontaneously generated events as well as the pre-selected events sampled in previous studies.
Hoorens
Vera
V
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Vera.Hoorens@psy.kuleuven.be
Smits
Tim
T
Shepperd
James A
JA
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation