title: Microparticles derived from endothelial progenitor cells in patients at different cardiovascular risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exposure to cardiovascular risk factors causes the release of pro-atherogenic microparticles from vascular cells and reduces the number of the atheroprotective endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). We investigated whether microparticles shedding from EPCs are detectable in cultures of EPCs and in the circulation of subjects with various degrees of cardiovascular risk. We also investigated the relationship of EPCs-derived microparticles to cardiovascular risk factors and aortic stiffness, a marker of cardiovascular risk and impaired vascular repair by EPCs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We estimated the 10-year Framingham risk score in 105 individuals with various degrees of cardiovascular risk and measured the number of circulating EPCs, EPCs-derived microparticles (CD34+/KDR+) and aortic stiffness. Release of CD34+/KDR+ microparticles was tested in cultures of EPCs exposed to hydrogen-peroxide. CD34+/KDR+ microparticles were found in EPCs cultures incubated with hydrogen-peroxide. Framingham risk was associated with EPCs (r=-0.47, p<0.001) and CD34+/KDR+ microparticles (r=0.56, p<0.001). Low EPCs (r=-0.59, p<0.001) and high CD34+/KDR+ microparticle (r=0.57, p<0.001) levels were predictors of aortic stiffness, independent of the Framingham risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EPCs undergo fragmentation into microparticles when exposed to a pro-apoptotic milieu. Increased microparticle shedding from EPCs may reduce circulating EPCs levels and may thus contribute to increase aortic stiffness beside traditional risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy. mpirro@unipg.it <mpirro@unipg.it>
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pirro
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schillaci
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bagaglia
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Menecali
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paltriccia
authors.forename: Massimo R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mannarino
authors.forename: Marusca
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Capanni
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Velardi
authors.forename: Elmo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mannarino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000097:blood; D017209:Apoptosis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002452:Cell Count; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D010316:Particle Size; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2