title: [Changes of expression of cation-chloride cotransporter genes in hippocampus of cortical dysplasia: experiment with rat].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the roles of cation-chloride cotransporters-Na, K, 2Cl(-) cotransporter-1 (NKCC1) and K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter-2 (KCC(2)) in the epileptogenesis of cortical dysplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six pregnant SD rats were given intraperitoneal injection of 1-3-bis-chloroethyl-nitrosourea (BCNU) on the embryonic day 17 (E17) and gave birth of 56 pups (experimental group) on the day P21. Five pregnant SD rats were given intraperitoneal injection of normal saline and gave birth of 48 pups (control group) on the day E21. Sixty days after birth the brains of 24 male pups in the experimental group and 22 male pups in the control group selected randomly were taken out to isolate the hippocampus. Cresyl-violet staining was applied to observe the histological alterations in the hippocampus. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of NKCC1 and KCC2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cresyl-violet staining revealed heterotopic cell clusters within the hippocampus. RT-PCR showed that the ratio of NKCC1 to beta-actin of the experimental group was 0.70 +/- 0.13, significantly higher than that of the control group (0.48 +/- 0.09, P < 0.01); while the ratio of KCC2 to beta-actin of the experimental group was 0.54 +/- 0.10, significantly lower than that of the control group (0.80 +/- 0.15, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The upregulation of NKCC1 mRNA and the concomitant downregulation of KCC2 mRNA may be deeply related to the mechanism of epileptogenicity in cortical dysplasias.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Zhongnan University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Li-li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Yan-min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002330:Carmustine; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017136:Ion Transport; D008297:Male; D054220:Malformations of Cortical Development / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters / Q000235:genetics*; D064466:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 1; D064506:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C578716:Slc12a1 protein, rat; C578879:Slc12a2 protein, rat; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters; D064466:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 1; D064506:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2; D002330:Carmustine