title: Measurement of health-related quality of life with glaucoma: validation of the Glau-QoL 36-item questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate a glaucoma-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaire: the Glau-QoL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) or glaucoma took part in a cross-sectional psychometric validation study (n = 573) and a separate reproducibility study (n = 244). Patients answered the 36-item Glau-QoL, designed from in-depth patient interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical validity of the Glau-QoL was excellent and clearly demonstrated that as disease severity and visual field impairment increased, HRQoL scores for the Psychological Wellbeing, Self-image, Daily Life, Driving, Anxiety and Burden of Treatment domains were negatively affected. Increased age and lower visual acuity were also associated with lower HRQoL scores, although to a lesser extent than the previously mentioned criteria. Worsening of HRQoL domains correlated with the clinical stage of glaucoma: Anxiety and Burden of Treatment scores dropped noticeably when patients were first diagnosed and started treatment, followed by a decrease in scores for Driving, Daily Life, Psychological Wellbeing, and Self-image as clinical conditions worsened. Psychometric validation showed acceptable convergent and discriminant validity of the Glau-QoL, and good reproducibility, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) > or = 0.69. Internal consistency reliability was high (Cronbach's alpha coefficients > 0.70) for the Daily Life, Psychological Wellbeing, Burden of Treatment and Driving domains; acceptable (coefficients of 0.65 and 0.68, respectively) for the Self-image and Anxiety domains; and weak (coefficient = 0.58) for the Confidence in Health Care domain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Glau-QoL questionnaire is a valid and specific HRQoL instrument that demonstrates excellent correlations with disease progression in patients with glaucoma and/or OHT.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmological Practice, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Béchetoille
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arnould
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bron
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baudouin
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Renard
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sellem
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Brouquet
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Nordmann
authors.forename: Marie-Claude
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rigeade
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bassols
authors.forename: Khadra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Benmedjahed
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Guillemin
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rouland
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D001334:Automobile Driving; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*