title: Immunohistochemical evaluation of two corneal buttons with post-LASIK keratectasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine immunohistochemically 2 human corneal buttons after corneal transplantation for post-laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) keratectasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two ectatic corneas after penetrating keratoplasty and 2 postmortem control corneas from a patient after uncomplicated LASIK were used. Cryostat sections were stained by immunofluorescence for >30 extracellular matrix (ECM) components and proteinases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratios of distance between LASIK flap interface and the upper epithelial layer to total corneal thickness were 0.27-0.34 in all cases. The whole flap interface was positive only for total and cellular fibronectin. Stromal types VI and XIV collagen, fibrillin-1, tenascin-C, and vitronectin were unchanged with no evidence of fibrosis. In ectasia cases, keratocytes adjacent to the flap did not express nidogens. Staining for type IV collagen alpha5 chain, nidogen-2, chains of laminin-8, and laminin-10 was weak and discontinuous in the epithelial basement membrane (EBM). Type IV collagen alpha1/alpha2 chains were found in the EBM of ectasia cases only. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-10 showed increase in the epithelium, and MMP-3, in some keratocytes near the flap interface of ectatic corneas. Also, cathepsin F was seen at the flap margin only. Staining for limbal basal epithelial marker, alpha-enolase, was mostly absent in the ectatic cases, suggesting largely normal epithelial differentiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormal EBM structure similar to that previously observed in keratoconus and bullous keratopathy and an increase in certain proteinases suggest ongoing EBM lysis and remodeling. Immunohistochemical staining for fibronectin may be used to reveal the position of flap interface.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ezra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maguen
authors.forename: Barak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maguen
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Regev
authors.forename: Alexander V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ljubimov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D003315:Cornea / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019781:Corneal Topography; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D020731:Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015948:Keratoplasty, Penetrating; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013524:Surgical Flaps
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins