title: Evaluation of phoP and rpoS mutants of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi as attenuated typhoid vaccine candidates: virulence and protective immune responses in intranasally immunized mice.
abstract: The attenuation and immunoenhancing effects of rpoS and phoP Salmonella enterica serovar strain Typhi (Salmonella typhi) mutants have not been compared. Here, three S. typhi deletion mutants (phoP, rpoS, and rpoS-phoP double mutant) are constructed and these mutants are characterized with respect to invasiveness, virulence, and protective immune response compared with wild-type Ty2. It was found that phoP and phoP-rpoS deletion mutants are less invasive to HT-29 cells than the wild-type Ty2 and the rpoS single-deleted strain. The LD(50) of immunized mice was higher for phoP than for rpoS mutants, and the highest for the phoP-rpoS double mutant. In addition, all S. typhi mutants showed an increase in the specific serum IgG levels and T-cell-mediated immunity, and showed equal protection abilities against a wild-type Ty2 challenge after two rounds of immunization in BALB/c mice. It is concluded that phoP genes appear to play a more important role than rpoS genes in both cellular invasion and virulence of S. typhi, but not in immunogenicity in mice. Furthermore, the data indicate that the phoP-rpoS double mutant may show promise as a candidate for an attenuated typhoid vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hui-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sun-A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: In-Soo
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seung-Hyeok
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Seok
authors.forename: Min-Won
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Dong-Jae
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seok-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sook-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.forename: Sang-Ja
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.forename: Yoo-Kyoung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yang-Keum
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Young-Keun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Jae-Hak
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012808:Sigma Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D012808:Sigma Factor; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; C069567:sigma factor KatF protein, Bacteria; C061064:PhoP protein, Bacteria