title: Antegrade radical retropubic prostatectomy with preliminary ligation of vascular pedicles in 614 consecutive patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We present our procedure of antegrade radical retropubic prostatectomy with preliminary ligation of vascular pedicles and assess the time trends of patient characteristics, surgical and oncological outcome in 614 consecutive patients in a single institution over a 12-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  From April 1994 to December 2005, 614 consecutive Japanese patients with cT1-3N0M0 prostate cancer underwent antegrade radical prostatectomy with preliminary ligation of vascular pedicles (dorsal vein complex and prostatic pedicles) prior to the tumor manipulation. Biochemical progression is defined as prostate-specific antigen value over 0.2 ng/ml or the initiation of therapy after surgery. Biochemical progression-free, cancer-specific and overall survival curves were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period pre-operative PSA, clinical T stage, duration of surgery, amount of estimated blood loss have decreased. Pathological stage showed a significant downward migration and the rate of positive surgical margin has also decreased. At a mean follow-up of 48 months, 21 men were dead including eight who died of prostate cancer. Overall and cancer-specific survival rates were 97/99% at 5 years and 89/95% at 10 years, respectively. Neoadjuvant hormonal treatment had no beneficial impact on oncological outcome of patients regardless of clinical stage. In 370 patients treated surgically alone, cancer-specific and biochemical progression-free survival rates were 99.6/80.5% at 5 years and 97.9/73.3% at 10 years for patients with clinical T1/2 disease and 95.5/41.9% at 5 years and 87.5/41.9% at 10 years for those with T3 disease, respectively. In the 370 patients biochemical progression-free survival has been significantly improved over the 12-year period (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antegrade radical prostatectomy with preliminary ligation of vascular pedicles can be performed with excellent oncological outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan. s-kawakami@tmd.ac.jp
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yonese
authors.forename: Yuhei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okubo
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000098:blood supply*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen