Test characteristics of parent's visual analog scale score in predicting ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction in the pediatric emergency department.
OBJECTIVE
Many parents of children with ventriculoperitoneal shunts present to the emergency department for evaluation of a possible shunt malfunction. No study to date has evaluated their ability to predict a shunt malfunction. Our study objective was to evaluate parents' accuracy for predicting a shunt malfunction in their child. We hypothesize that parents more experienced with prior shunt malfunctions are better able to predict subsequent malfunctions in their child.


METHODS
We conducted a prospective, descriptive study on children younger than 18 years presenting to our tertiary care pediatric emergency department with a possible ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction. Parents rated the likelihood of a shunt malfunction using an unmarked 100-mm visual analog scale marked definitely malfunctioning at the high end. An experienced parent was defined as one who had previously experienced at least 3 shunt malfunctions in their child.


RESULTS
We enrolled 85 parent-child dyads in our study. Twenty-four children were diagnosed with a malfunction. The predictive ability of parents to determine a shunt malfunction was found at a threshold visual analog scale score of 66 (sensitivity, 88.9%, and specificity, 62.2%). At a determined threshold value of 85 or more, experienced parents had a high specificity of 89.2% with a positive likelihood ratio of 5.1. Experienced parents showed an area under the curve of 0.7928 (95% confidence interval, 0.6037-0.9819); and inexperienced parents, 0.5611 (95% confidence interval, 0.3646-0.7576) (P = 0.096).


CONCLUSIONS
Experienced parents are better able to predict a shunt malfunction in their child.
Kim
Tommy Y
TY
Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center and Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA. tommyyhokim@yahoo.com
Brown
Lance
L
Stewart
Gail M
GM
D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt / Q000009:adverse effects*