title: Noncanonical Wnt-4 signaling enhances bone regeneration of mesenchymal stem cells in craniofacial defects through activation of p38 MAPK.
abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can be differentiated into osteoblasts and provide an excellent cell source for bone regeneration and repair. Recently, the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway has been found to play a critical role in skeletal development and osteogenesis, implying that Wnts can be utilized to improve de novo bone formation mediated by MSCs. However, it is unknown whether noncanonical Wnt signaling regulates osteogenic differentiation. Here, we find that Wnt-4 enhanced in vitro osteogenic differentiation of MSCs isolated from human adult craniofacial tissues and promoted bone formation in vivo. Whereas Wnt-4 did not stabilize beta-catenin, it activated p38 MAPK in a novel noncanonical signaling pathway. The activation of p38 was dependent on Axin and was required for the enhancement of MSC differentiation by Wnt-4. Moreover, using two different models of craniofacial bone injury, we found that MSCs genetically engineered to express Wnt-4 enhanced osteogenesis and improved the repair of craniofacial defects in vivo. Taken together, our results reveal that noncanonical Wnt signaling could also play a role in osteogenic differentiation. Wnt-4 may have a potential use in improving bone regeneration and repair of craniofacial defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sonoyama
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qiming
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Chengfei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Krebsbach
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Giannobile
authors.forename: Songtao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Cun-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060466:Axin Protein; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D010012:Osteogenesis; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D060528:Wnt4 Protein; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D060466:Axin Protein; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C555581:WNT4 protein, human; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D060528:Wnt4 Protein; C555582:Wnt4 protein, mouse; D051176:beta Catenin; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases