Inorganic polyphosphate: a possible stimulant of bone formation.
Inorganic polyphosphates [Poly(P)] are often distributed in osteoblasts. We undertook the present study to verify the hypothesis that Poly(P) stimulates osteoblasts and facilitates bone formation. The osteoblast-like cell line MC 3T3-E1 was cultured with Poly(P), and gene expression and potential mineralization were evaluated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain-reaction. Alkaline phosphatase activity, von Kossa staining, and resorption pit formation analyses were also determined. The potential role of Poly(P) in bone formation was assessed in a rat alveolar bone regeneration model. Poly(P) induced osteopontin, osteocalcin, collagen 1alpha, and osteoprotegerin expression and increased alkaline phosphatase activity in MC 3T3-E1 cells. Dentin slice pit formation decreased with mouse osteoblast and bone marrow macrophage co-cultivation in the presence of Poly(P). Promotion of alveolar bone regeneration was observed locally in Poly(P)-treated rats. These findings suggest that Poly(P) plays a role in osteoblastic differentiation, activation, and bone mineralization. Thus, local poly(P) delivery may have a therapeutic benefit in periodontal disease.
Hacchou
Y
Y
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Matsumoto Dental University School of Dentistry, Nagano, Japan.
Uematsu
T
T
Ueda
O
O
Usui
Y
Y
Uematsu
S
S
Takahashi
M
M
Uchihashi
T
T
Kawazoe
Y
Y
Shiba
T
T
Kurihara
S
S
Yamaoka
M
M
Furusawa
K
K
D016475:3T3 Cells; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008264:Macrophages; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
D024042:Collagen Type I; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D010710:Phosphates; D011122:Polyphosphates; D015675:Osteocalcin; D053495:Osteopontin