Oxidative stress risk analysis for exposure to diesel exhaust particle-induced reactive oxygen species.
We constructed a probabilistic risk-based framework to assess the human oxidative stress (OS) risk from diesel exhaust particle (DEP)-induced reactive oxygen species. A human respiratory tract model was used to estimate DEP concentration and cumulative doses in lung regions for three occupational groupings (driver, homeworker and student) in northern, central, and southern Taiwan. Dose-response profiles were reconstructed in terms of the specific ratio of the reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione (GSH/GSSG ratio) for the human macrophage cell (THP-1) and human bronchial epithelial cell (BEAS-2B). The highest estimated median daily cumulative dose of DEP with 95% CI was for driver in northern Taiwan (DEP(2.5): 0.716 (0.443-1.197) mg and DEP(0.18): 0.584 (0.417-0.822) mg), significantly higher than that of the other settings. The driver in northern Taiwan setting had the highest cumulative dose-response calculated over a 2-year exposure period: 0.57 (0.41-0.76) and 0.70 (0.53-0.87) for DEP(2.5) and 0.40 (0.25-0.70) and 0.47 (0.34-0.80) for DEP(0.18), respectively, in THP-1 and BEAS-2B cells. Our results implicate that potential risks of OS from above-critical exposure to DEP(2.5) in all settings are found, whereas from DEP(0.18) in the driver in northern Taiwan setting is also alarming.
Chio
Chia-Pin
CP
Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Chen
Szu-Chieh
SC
Chiang
Kuo-Chih
KC
Chou
Wei-Chun
WC
Liao
Chung-Min
CM
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013624:Taiwan; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis
D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D001335:Vehicle Emissions