title: Retrievability of the Günther Tulip vena cava filter after dwell times longer than 180 days in patients with multiple trauma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the retrieval feasibility of the Günther Tulip inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) after dwell times >180 days in patients with multiple trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was conducted of 117 multiple-trauma patients (70 men; mean age 36 years, range 17 to 64) who underwent prophylactic placement of Günther Tulip retrievable IVCFs between December 1, 2003 and October 1, 2006. Prior to IVCF retrieval, all patients had vena cavography to identify possible IVCF thrombus entrapment. Filter retrieval was performed in the catheterization laboratory under sterile conditions from a right internal jugular vein approach. After IVCF retrieval, repeat vena cavography was performed to evaluate the IVC for contrast extravasation, intraluminal defects, or IVC narrowing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve (10.3%) filters were not retrieved as the patients died of their injuries (no deaths related to IVCF placement or retrieval). Forty-one (35.0%) filters had dwell times >180 days (mean 261.5 days, range 182-403). Of these, 31 (76%) were uneventfully retrieved; 10 were left in place permanently. Pre-retrieval vena cavography identified filter tilting in 13 filters: 9 had a mild tilt < or =10 degrees, and 4 had severe tilting > or =25 degrees. All of the 10 filters that could not be retrieved were tilted (4 severe and 6 mild). In comparison to the 64 (54.7%) filters in place for <180 days (mean 51 days, range 42-180), 4 (6.2%) could not be retrieved (p = 0.367). No filter had trapped thrombus identified by vena cavography at the time of retrieval. None of the retrieved filters had structural fracture or collapse, and none had migrated. Post-retrieval vena cavograms demonstrated no contrast extravasation, intraluminal defects, or impingement on adjacent organs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If retrieval of a Gunther Tulip filter with an dwell time >180 days is considered, the patient should be ambulatory and a candidate for anticoagulation if indicated; notably, the filter should have a <25 degrees tilt. Under these circumstances, retrieval of the Günther Tulip filter after 180 days of dwell time appears justified and safe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Atlanta Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. docro@mindspring.com
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Wellons
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hancock
authors.forename: Allison B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Burkett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D020878:Device Removal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D016306:Vena Cava Filters; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*