title: Maximizing contrast-to-noise ratio in ultra-high resolution peripheral MR angiography using a blood pool agent and parallel imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine sequence parameters that maximize vascular contrast-to-noise (CNR) for ultra-high resolution equilibrium phase (EP) peripheral imaging for the blood pool agent (BPA) Vasovist.
  
  
  METHODS
  A model for maximizing CNR in EP MR angiography (MRA) is presented. Tissue relaxation times, coil geometry (g)-factors, and clinical imaging requirements (voxel volume and scan time) were determined from human studies. Using these known values, parameters for TR, TE, bandwidth, flip angle (FA), and sensitivity encoding (SENSE) factor that maximized CNR were derived from the model. CNR was enhanced by using reduction in scan time gained from parallel imaging to increase TR and minimize bandwidth. A total of 10 patients were imaged using model-derived EP CE-MRA parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The model closely predicted experimental CNR data measured in two clinical studies (r(2) = 0.85) and demonstrated an increase in CNR by a factor of 2.3 when subjects were imaged using optimal sequence parameters (P < 0.001). Thigh and calf data were acquired with voxel volumes on the order of 0.2 mm(3) using a SENSE factor of 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recommended imaging parameters for a 12-channel and 18-channel peripheral vascular coil at two doses of Vasovist (0.03 mmol/kg and 0.05 mmol/kg) are presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, USA. msyw@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Maisie S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Haynor
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leiner
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Maki
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000494:pharmacology; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D005682:Gadolinium; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; C109932:gadofosveset trisodium