title: Antiretroviral treatment regimen outcomes among HIV-infected prisoners.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the high prevalence of HIV in correctional settings, the duration of therapy and response to various highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens in this setting is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a retrospective cohort study (1997-2002) of HIV-infected prisoners in Connecticut that linked demographic, pharmacy, and laboratory data, we compared HIV-1 RNA (VL) and CD4 lymphocyte responses to four treatment strategies at baseline and at the end of incarceration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using an analysis of 1,044 incarceration periods or 1,099 subjects for whom 6 months of continuous data were available, HAART regimens that included a triple NRTI, two NRTIs + either a PI or NNRTI, or a three-class (NRTI+NNRTI+PI) strategy demonstrated no difference in virological and immunological outcomes. The proportion of subjects who were initiated with NRTI, NNRTI, PI, or three-class regimens were 14%, 32%, 46%, and 8%, respectively. For all study groups, the mean change from baseline in CD4 and VL was +74 cells/muL and -0.93 log(10) copies/mL (p < .0001), respectively. Overall, 59% of subjects had an HIV-1 RNA level below the level of detection (<400 copies/mL) by the end of their incarceration. Using Kaplan-Meier curves to examine the time to change in the initial HAART strategy over the incarceration period, the three-class strategy was significantly more likely to be changed earlier than all others (p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the three-class strategy was less durable, initiating HAART with any strategy resulted in similar and impressive virological and immunological outcomes by the end of incarceration, further supporting prison as an important site for the initiation and provision of effective antiretroviral therapy.
authors.affiliation: Yale University AIDS Program, New Haven, CT 06510-2283, USA. Sandra.springer@yale.edu
authors.forename: Sandra A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.forename: Gerald H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Friedland
authors.forename: Gheorghe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Doros
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pesanti
authors.forename: Frederick L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Altice
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003237:Connecticut; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D011329:Prisoners; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors