title: How well are patients doing up to 30 years after a mustard operation?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Right heart failure and baffle complications may affect the health status of patients with transposition of the great arteries after an atrial switch operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study aims to identify risk factors for late death, the incidence of reoperations, and the functional status of 88 patients who underwent a Mustard operation with a mean follow-up of 20.9 +/- 10.0 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 7 early and 19 late deaths. Follow-up was complete for 97 % of the hospital survivors. Survival and freedom from reoperation of the hospital survivors at 20 years was 83.7 +/- 4.2 %, and 70.6 +/- 5.4 %, respectively. Seven reoperations were performed for systemic ventricular failure, and 24 for baffle complications, with no operative mortality. Presence of a ventricular septal defect at the time of the Mustard operation was predictive for late death in multivariate analysis ( P = 0.040). At follow-up, 82 % of the patients were able to work full-time, 11 % part-time, and 7 % experienced noticeable limitations of their activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presence of a VSD at the time of the Mustard operation defines a distinct subgroup with an increased risk for late death. Long-term survivors were in a good functional status but had to be reoperated frequently due to baffle complications that seemed to increase in adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University, Munich, Germany. hoerer@dhm.mhn.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hörer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cleuziou
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Prodan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holper
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lange
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome