Nondrug treatments for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: what's the evidence?
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this Cochrane Review was to establish the evidence base for treatment of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.


METHODS
Six hundred eight references were identified using a search strategy designed with the support of the Cochrane Review Epilepsy Group library. The search employed Medline and PsychInfo, and included hand searches of relevant journals (Seizure, Epilepsia, Epilepsy &Behavior, Epilepsy Research).


RESULTS
Three studies were found that met the inclusion criteria; two used hypnosis and one used paradoxical therapy. None included detailed reports of improved seizure frequency or quality of life, although reduction in seizure frequency was mentioned. All three studies concluded that the intervention used was beneficial in the treatment of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.


CONCLUSIONS
The limited number of studies and poor methodology preclude these results from being generalizable. There is a need for well-designed clinical trials to identify the most suitable treatments for this population.
Brooks
Jayne L
JL
Department of Neuropsychology, Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Lower Lane, Fazakerley, Liverpool, UK.
Goodfellow
Laura
L
Bodde
Nynke M G
NM
Aldenkamp
Albert
A
Baker
Gus A
GA
D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016239:MEDLINE / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011613:Psychotherapy; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D012640:Seizures / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome