title: Current issues and perspectives in small rodent magnetic resonance imaging using clinical MRI scanners.
abstract: Small rodents such as mice and rats are frequently used in animal experiments for several reasons. In the past, animal experiments were frequently associated with invasive methods and groups of animals had to be killed to perform longitudinal studies. Today's modern imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow non-invasive longitudinal monitoring of multiple parameters. Although only a few institutions have access to dedicated small animal MR scanners, most institutions carrying out animal experiments have access to clinical MR scanners. Technological advances and the increasing field strength of clinical scanners make MRI a broadly available and viable technique in preclinical in vivo research. This review provides an overview of current concepts, limitations, and recent studies dealing with small animal imaging using clinical MR scanners.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 61867 Mannheim, Germany. brockmann@gmx.de
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Brockmann
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kemmling
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Groden
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D049628:Body Size; D003935:Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular / Q000639:trends; D003943:Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological / Q000639:trends; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000639:trends; D004867:Equipment Design; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000592:standards; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000639:trends; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D012377:Rodentia / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors