title: Antibodies neutralizing Nogo-A increase pan-cadherin expression and motor recovery following spinal cord injury in rats.
abstract: METHODS
  A rat model of spinal cord injury was used to test the hypothesis that Nogo-A monoclonal antibody (NEP1-40) promotes morphologic and functional recoveries of injured spinal cord.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Nogo-A is a myelin-associated neurite outgrowth inhibitory protein, which blocks elongation nerve fibers and limits neuronal regeneration after central nervous system injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four rats were utilized and allocated into control (vehicle) and NEP1-40-treated groups. In all animals, the spinal cord was hemi-transected at Th-10 and phosphate-buffered saline solution was immediately applied on the injured area in the control group. NEP1-40 solution was immediately applied on the hemi-transected area in the treatment group. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups according to the postsurgical day of killing (3, 8 and 21 days). The spinal cords were removed for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Motor scores in the NEP1-40-treated groups were significantly higher than those in the vehicle groups both at 8 and 21 days post injury. Immunohistochemical staining for pan-cadherin, a marker of neuronal cell adhesion and axonal sprouting, revealed a significant increase in staining in the NEP1-40 treatment group at 8 and 21 days post injury. Transmission electron microscopical evaluation revealed degeneration of the myelin and loss of cytoarchitectural organization in the axons of controls. Better preservation and normal histologic features were observed in the NEP1-40-treated groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have demonstrated improved preservation of injured axons and significant pan-cadherin expression after NEP1-40 treatment after the spinal cord injury. Inhibition of Nogo-A may improve the capacity for neuronal regeneration after spinal cord injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Atalay
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bavbek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cekinmez
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nacar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karabay
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gulsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019138:Antibodies, Blocking / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015820:Cadherins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009185:Myelin Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000070798:Nogo Proteins; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical
chemical_list: D019138:Antibodies, Blocking; D015820:Cadherins; D009185:Myelin Proteins; C457761:NEPI-40 protein, rat; D000070798:Nogo Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C000603197:Rtn4 protein, rat; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen