title: Thermoregulatory significance of thoracic lobes in the evolution of insect wings.
abstract: The evolution of broadly attached thoracic lobes could have increased the body temperature excess of ancient wingless insects by 55 percent over that of lobeless forms. The subsequent expansion of these thoracic lobes for behavioral thermoregulation could have provided the morphological stage required for the evolution of functional wings.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Douglas