This cat has nine lives? Children's memory for genericity in language.
Generic noun phrases ("Birds lay eggs") are important for expressing knowledge about abstract kinds. The authors hypothesized that genericity would be part of gist memory, such that young children would appropriately recall whether sentences were presented as generic or specific. In 4 experiments, preschoolers and college students (N = 280) heard a series of sentences in either generic form (e.g., "Bears climb trees") or specific form (e.g., "This bear climbs trees") and were asked to recall the sentences following a 4-min distractor task. Participants in all age groups correctly distinguished between generic and specific noun phrases (NPs) in their recall, even when forgetting the details of the NP form. Memory for predicate content (e.g., "climb trees") was largely unaffected by genericity, although memory for category labels (e.g., "bear") was at times better for those who heard sentences with generic wording. Overall, these results suggest that generic form is maintained in long-term memory even for young children and thus may serve as the foundation for constructing knowledge about kinds.
Gelman
Susan A
SA
University of Michigan, Department of Psychology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, USA. gelman@umich.edu
Raman
Lakshmi
L
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001288:Attention; D002675:Child, Preschool; D032882:Comprehension; D003210:Concept Formation; D005260:Female; D005793:Generalization, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D012153:Retention, Psychology; D012660:Semantics; D013067:Speech Perception