title: Contribution of endocrine parameters in predicting outcome of multiple trauma patients in an intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether tentative prognostic models for intensive care unit survival of multiple trauma patients could be improved by including endocrine parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-three male and 11 female multiple trauma patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Upon admission, severity of trauma was assessed with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and the Injury Severity Score (IS). Concurrently, blood was drawn to measure thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), trioodothyronine (T3), corticotropin (ACTH), prolactin (PRL), cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS). Adrenal reserve was assessed with the Synacthen test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-five of the 83 men and 8 of the 11 women survived. APACHE II and SOFA scores were higher in non-survivors compared to survivors (with considerable overlap). From the baseline endocrine work-up, survivors had higher ACTH and DHEAS values compared to non-survivors (also with considerable overlap). No differences between survivors and non-survivors were noted in the Synacthen test or in thyroid function tests. Nevertheless, a multivariate logistic regression model that incorporated the APACHE II score and hormonal parameters (Cortisol post-Synacthen, DHEAS, TSH*age) was well-fitted to assess survival/non-survival as an endpoint and better than APACHE II, SOFA or IS scores alone to predict ICU survival or death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In critically ill multiple trauma patients, age, TSH, Cortisol post-Synacthen and DHEAS values upon admission to the ICU, combined with the APACHE II score, may predict outcome more accurately than the APACHE II score alone.an the APACHe II score alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Elena Venizelou Hospital, and Athens University School of Medicine, Greece. iiliasmd@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ilias
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stamoulis
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armaganidis
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lyberopoulos
authors.forename: Marinella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tzanela
authors.forename: Stylianos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orfanos
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Theodorakopoulou
authors.forename: Stylianos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsagarakis
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dimopoulou
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000328:Adult; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; D013972:Thyrotropin; D006854:Hydrocortisone