title: Examining lactate in severe TBI using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinical management of acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) has emphasized identification of secondary mechanisms of pathophysiology. An important objective in this study is to use proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (pMRS) to examine early metabolic disturbance due to TBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current design is a case study with repeated measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proton magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine neurometabolism in this case of very severe brain trauma at 9 and 23 days post-injury. MRI was performed on a clinical 1.5 Tesla scanner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These data also reveal that pMRS methods can detect lactate elevations in an adult surviving severe head trauma and are sensitive to changes in basic neurometabolism during the first month of recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current case study demonstrates the sensitivity of pMRS in detecting metabolic alterations during the acute recovery period. The case study reveals that lactate elevations may be apparent for weeks after severe neurotrauma. Further work in this area should endeavour to determine the ideal time periods for pMRS examination in severe TBI as well as the ideal locations of data acquisition (e.g. adjacent or distal to lesion sites).
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. fhillary@psu.edu
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Hillary
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Genova
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Maniker
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kepler
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Greenwald
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Cortese
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Homnick
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deluca
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007773:Lactates