title: Prolonged fecal shedding of hepatitis E virus (HEV) during sporadic acute hepatitis E: evaluation of infectivity of HEV in fecal specimens in a cell culture system.
abstract: To investigate the duration of fecal shedding and changing loads of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in feces and serum from patients with acute HEV infection, HEV RNA was quantitated in periodic serum and fecal specimens obtained from 11 patients with sporadic acute hepatitis E. All 11 patients had detectable HEV RNA in serum at admission, with the highest viral load being 1.9 x 10(3) to 1.7 x 10(7) copies/ml, and HEV viremia lasted until days 17 to 48 (mean, 28.3) after the onset of hepatitis. Even at the initial examination on days 10 to 29 (mean, 17.6), the HEV load in fecal supernatant was less than 5.7 x 10(4) copies/ml for 10 of the 11 patients, while for the remaining patient (patient 1) it was markedly high, 2.0 x 10(7) copies/ml on day 22. In addition, although HEV RNA in fecal supernatant continued to be positive until days 14 to 33 (mean, 22.4) for patients 2 to 11, that for patient 1 was detectable even on day 121. HEVs in fecal specimens obtained on days 22, 24, 26, 28, and 30, but not day 121, from patient 1 grew efficiently in PLC/PRF/5 cells, reaching the highest titer of up to 10(7) copies/ml in culture medium on day 50 postinoculation. The HEV genome recovered from patient 1 had 29 unique nucleotides that were not seen in any of the 25 reported HEV isolates of the same genotype over the entire genome, with six amino acid substitutions in the ORF1 protein.
authors.affiliation: Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-Shi, Tochigi-Ken, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Toshinori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kusano
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aikawa
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibayama
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yazaki
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizuo
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamoto
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D016751:Hepatitis E / Q000821:virology*; D016752:Hepatitis E virus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral