Genomewide clonal analysis of lethal mutations in the Drosophila melanogaster eye: comparison of the X chromosome and autosomes.
Using a large consortium of undergraduate students in an organized program at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), we have undertaken a functional genomic screen in the Drosophila eye. In addition to the educational value of discovery-based learning, this article presents the first comprehensive genomewide analysis of essential genes involved in eye development. The data reveal the surprising result that the X chromosome has almost twice the frequency of essential genes involved in eye development as that found on the autosomes.
Call
Gerald B
GB
Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
Olson
John M
JM
Chen
Jiong
J
Villarasa
Nikki
N
Ngo
Kathy T
KT
Yabroff
Allison M
AM
Cokus
Shawn
S
Pellegrini
Matteo
M
Bibikova
Elena
E
Bui
Chris
C
Cespedes
Albert
A
Chan
Cheryl
C
Chan
Stacy
S
Cheema
Amrita K
AK
Chhabra
Akanksha
A
Chitsazzadeh
Vida
V
Do
Minh-Tu
MT
Fang
Q Angela
QA
Folick
Andrew
A
Goodstein
Gelsey L
GL
Huang
Cheng R
CR
Hung
Tony
T
Kim
Eunha
E
Kim
William
W
Kim
Yulee
Y
Kohan
Emil
E
Kuoy
Edward
E
Kwak
Robert
R
Lee
Eric
E
Lee
JiEun
J
Lin
Henry
H
Liu
H-C Angela
HC
Moroz
Tatiana
T
Prasad
Tharani
T
Prashad
Sacha L
SL
Patananan
Alexander N
AN
Rangel
Alma
A
Rosselli
Desiree
D
Sidhu
Sohrab
S
Sitz
Daniel
D
Taber
Chelsea E
CE
Tan
Jingwen
J
Topp
Kasey
K
Tran
PhuongThao
P
Tran
Quynh-Minh
QM
Unkovic
Mary
M
Wells
Maggie
M
Wickland
Jessica
J
Yackle
Kevin
K
Yavari
Amir
A
Zaretsky
Jesse M
JM
Allen
Christopher M
CM
Alli
Latifat
L
An
Ju
J
Anwar
Abbas
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Arevalo
Sonia
S
Ayoub
Danny
D
Badal
Shawn S
SS
Baghdanian
Armonde
A
Baghdanian
Arthur H
AH
Baumann
Sara A
SA
Becerra
Vivian N
VN
Chan
Hei J
HJ
Chang
Aileen E
AE
Cheng
Xibin A
XA
Chin
Mabel
M
Chong
Fleurette
F
Crisostomo
Carlyn
C
Datta
Sanjit
S
Delosreyes
Angela
A
Diep
Francie
F
Ekanayake
Preethika
P
Engeln
Mark
M
Evers
Elizabeth
E
Farshidi
Farzin
F
Fischer
Katrina
K
Formanes
Arlene J
AJ
Gong
Jun
J
Gupta
Riju
R
Haas
Blake E
BE
Hahm
Vicky
V
Hsieh
Michael
M
Hui
James Z
JZ
Iao
Mei L
ML
Jin
Sophia D
SD
Kim
Angela Y
AY
Kim
Lydia S-H
LS
King
Megan
M
Knudsen-Robbins
Chloe
C
Kohanchi
David
D
Kovshilovskaya
Bogdana
B
Ku
Amy
A
Kung
Raymond W
RW
Landig
Mark E L
ME
Latterman
Stephanie S
SS
Lauw
Stephanie S
SS
Lee
Daniel S
DS
Lee
Joann S
JS
Lei
Kai C
KC
Leung
Lesley L
LL
Lerner
Renata
R
Lin
Jian-ya
JY
Lin
Kathleen
K
Lim
Bryon C
BC
Lui
Crystal P Y
CP
Liu
Tiffany Q
TQ
Luong
Vincent
V
Makshanoff
Jacob
J
Mei
An-Chi
AC
Meza
Miguel
M
Mikhaeil
Yara A
YA
Moarefi
Majid
M
Nguyen
Long H
LH
Pai
Shekhar S
SS
Pandya
Manish
M
Patel
Aadit R
AR
Picard
Paul D
PD
Safaee
Michael M
MM
Salame
Carol
C
Sanchez
Christian
C
Sanchez
Nina
N
Seifert
Christina C
CC
Shah
Abhishek
A
Shilgevorkyan
Oganes H
OH
Singh
Inderroop
I
Soma
Vanessa
V
Song
Junia J
JJ
Srivastava
Neetika
N
StaAna
Jennifer L
JL
Sun
Christie
C
Tan
Diane
D
Teruya
Alison S
AS
Tikia
Robyn
R
Tran
Trinh
T
Travis
Emily G
EG
Trinh
Jennifer D
JD
Vo
Diane
D
Walsh
Thomas
T
Wong
Regan S
RS
Wu
Katherine
K
Wu
Ya-Whey
YW
Yang
Nkau X V
NX
Yeranosian
Michael
M
Yu
James S
JS
Zhou
Jennifer J
JJ
Zhu
Ran X
RX
Abrams
Anna
A
Abramson
Amanda
A
Amado
Latiffe
L
Anderson
Jenny
J
Bashour
Keenan
K
Beyer
Elsa
E
Bookatz
Allen
A
Brewer
Sarah
S
Buu
Natalie
N
Calvillo
Stephanie
S
Cao
Joseph
J
Chan
Amy
A
Chan
Jenny
J
Chang
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A
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Daniel
D
Chang
Yuli
Y
Chen
YiBing
Y
Choi
Joo
J
Chou
Jeyling
J
Dang
Peter
P
Datta
Sumit
S
Davarifar
Ardy
A
Deravanesian
Artemis
A
Desai
Poonam
P
Fabrikant
Jordan
J
Farnad
Shahbaz
S
Fu
Katherine
K
Garcia
Eddie
E
Garrone
Nick
N
Gasparyan
Srpouhi
S
Gayda
Phyllis
P
Go
Sherrylene
S
Goffstein
Chad
C
Gonzalez
Courtney
C
Guirguis
Mariam
M
Hassid
Ryan
R
Hermogeno
Brenda
B
Hong
Julie
J
Hong
Aria
A
Hovestreydt
Lindsay
L
Hu
Charles
C
Huff
Devon
D
Jamshidian
Farid
F
Jen
James
J
Kahen
Katrin
K
Kao
Linda
L
Kelley
Melissa
M
Kho
Thomas
T
Kim
Yein
Y
Kim
Sarah
S
Kirkpatrick
Brian
B
Langenbacher
Adam
A
Laxamana
Santino
S
Lee
Janet
J
Lee
Chris
C
Lee
So-Youn
SY
Lee
ToHang S
TS
Lee
Toni
T
Lewis
Gemma
G
Lezcano
Sheila
S
Lin
Peter
P
Luu
Thanh
T
Luu
Julie
J
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Will
W
Marsh
Erin
E
Marshall
Jamie
J
Min
Sarah
S
Minasian
Tanya
T
Minye
Helena
H
Misra
Amit
A
Morimoto
Miles
M
Moshfegh
Yasaman
Y
Murray
Jessica
J
Nguyen
Kha
K
Nguyen
Cynthia
C
Nodado
Ernesto
E
O'Donahue
Amanda
A
Onugha
Ndidi
N
Orjiakor
Nneka
N
Padhiar
Bhavin
B
Paul
Eric
E
Pavel-Dinu
Mara
M
Pavlenko
Alex
A
Paz
Edwin
E
Phaklides
Sarah
S
Pham
Lephong
L
Poulose
Preethi
P
Powell
Russell
R
Pusic
Aya
A
Ramola
Divi
D
Regalia
Kirsten
K
Ribbens
Meghann
M
Rifai
Bassel
B
Saakyan
Manyak
M
Saarikoski
Pamela
P
Segura
Miriam
M
Shadpour
Farnaz
F
Shemmassian
Aram
A
Singh
Ramnik
R
Singh
Vivek
V
Skinner
Emily
E
Solomin
Daniel
D
Soneji
Kosha
K
Spivey
Kristin
K
Stageberg
Erika
E
Stavchanskiy
Marina
M
Tekchandani
Leena
L
Thai
Leo
L
Thiyanaratnam
Jayantha
J
Tong
Maurine
M
Toor
Aneet
A
Tovar
Steve
S
Trangsrud
Kelly
K
Tsang
Wah-Yung
WY
Uemura
Marc
M
Vollmer
Emily
E
Weiss
Emily
E
Wood
Damien
D
Wu
Joy
J
Wu
Sophia
S
Wu
Winston
W
Xu
Qing
Q
Yamauchi
Yuki
Y
Yarosh
Will
W
Yee
Laura
L
Yen
George
G
Banerjee
Utpal
U
D000818:Animals; D002999:Clone Cells; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D005123:Eye / Q000254:growth & development; D020043:Genes, Essential; D017344:Genes, Insect; D005804:Genes, Lethal / Q000235:genetics*; D049750:Genome, Insect; D009154:Mutation; D014960:X Chromosome