title: Genetic variability in iron-related oxidative stress pathways (Nrf2, NQ01, NOS3, and HO-1), iron intake, and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.
abstract: Oxidative stress resulting from excess reactive oxygen species and/or deficiencies in antioxidant capabilities may play a role in breast cancer etiology. In a nested case-control study of postmenopausal women (505 cases and 502 controls) from the American Cancer Society Prevention II Nutrition Cohort, we examined relationships between breast cancer risk and genetic polymorphisms of enzymes involved in the generation and removal of iron-mediated reactive oxygen species. Using unconditional logistic regression, genetic variations in Nrf2 (11108C>T), NQO1 (609C>T), NOS3 (894G>T), and HO-1 [(GT)(n) dinucleotide length polymorphism] were not associated with breast cancer risk in a multivariate model. A significant dose trend (P trend = 0.04), however, was observed for total number of putative "at-risk" alleles (Nrf T, NQO1 T, NOS T, and HO-1 LL and LM genotypes), with those carrying three or more at-risk alleles having an odds ratio (OR) of 1.56 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.97-2.51] compared with those having none. When examined in relation to iron, carriage of three or more high-risk alleles in the highest tertile of iron intake (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 0.97-5.29; P trend = 0.02; P interaction = 0.30) or among users of supplemental iron (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.09-5.26; P trend = 0.02; P interaction = 0.11) resulted in a greater than 2-fold increased risk compared with women with no high-risk alleles. Increased risk was also observed among supplement users with the HO-1 LL or LM genotypes (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.01-2.41; P interaction = 0.32) compared with S allele carriers and MM genotypes combined. These results indicate that women with genotypes resulting in potentially higher levels of iron-generated oxidative stress may be at increased risk of breast cancer and that this association may be most relevant among women with high iron intake.
authors.affiliation: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA. Chi-Chen.Hong@roswellpark.org
authors.forename: Chi-Chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Christine B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Ambrosone
authors.forename: Jiyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Ji-Yeob
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Marjorie L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: McCullough
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Thun
authors.forename: Eugenia E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Calle
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) / Q000235:genetics; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017698:Postmenopause; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495635:NFE2L2 protein, human; D007501:Iron; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); C447479:NQO1 protein, human