title: Rethinking tuning: in vivo whole-cell recordings of the inferior colliculus in awake bats.
abstract: Tuning curves were recorded with patch electrodes from the inferior colliculus (IC) of awake bats to evaluate the tuning of the inputs to IC neurons, reflected in their synaptic tuning, compared with the tuning of their outputs, expressed in their discharge tuning. A number of unexpected features were revealed with whole-cell recordings. Among these was that most neurons responded to tones with inhibition and/or subthreshold excitation over a surprisingly broad frequency range. The synaptic tuning in many cells was at least 1.5-2.0 octaves wide and, on average, was more than twice as wide as the frequency range that evoked discharges even after inhibition was blocked. In most cells, tones evoked complex synaptic response configurations that varied with frequency, suggesting that these cells were not innervated by congruent excitatory and inhibitory projections. Synaptic tuning was not only wide but was also diverse, in which some cells were dominated by excitation (n = 20), others were dominated by excitation with sideband inhibition (n = 21), but most were dominated by inhibition with little evidence of excitation (n = 31). Another unexpected finding was that some cells responded with inhibition to the onset and offset of tones over a wide frequency range, in which the patterns of synaptic responses changed markedly with frequency. These cells never fired to tones at 50 dB sound pressure level but fired to frequency-modulated sweeps at that intensity and were directionally selective. Thus, the features revealed by whole-cell recordings show that the processing in many IC cells results from inputs spectrally broader and more complex than previously believed.
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurobiology, Institute for Neuroscience, and Center for Perceptual Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
authors.forename: Ruili
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Joshua X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Gittelman
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Pollak
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D001640:Bicuculline / Q000494:pharmacology; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000502:physiology*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004455:Echolocation / Q000502:physiology*; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018684:Glycine Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007245:Inferior Colliculi / Q000166:cytology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques / Q000379:methods; D013331:Strychnine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014851:Wakefulness
chemical_list: D018756:GABA Antagonists; D018684:Glycine Agents; D013331:Strychnine; D001640:Bicuculline