title: Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of persistently activated STAT3.
abstract: Persistent activation of the transcription factor STAT3 has been detected in many types of cancer and plays an important role in tumor progression, immune evasion and metastasis. To analyze persistent STAT3 activation we coexpressed STAT3 with v-Src. We found that tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 by v-Src is independent of Janus kinases (Jaks), the canonical activators of STATs. The STAT3-induced feedback inhibitor, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), did not interfere with STAT3 activation by v-Src. However, the protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 (PIAS3) suppressed gene induction by persistently activated STAT3. We measured nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of STAT3 in single cells by bleaching the YFP moiety of double-labelled STAT3-CFP-YFP in the cytoplasm. Analysis of the subcellular distribution of CFP and YFP fluorescence over time by mathematical modeling and computational parameter estimation revealed that activated STAT3 shuttles more rapidly than non-activated STAT3. Inhibition of exportin-1-mediated nuclear export slowed down nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of v-Src-activated STAT3 resulting in reduced tyrosine phosphorylation, decreased induction of STAT3 target genes and increased apoptosis. We propose passage of persistently activated STAT3 through the nuclear pore complex as a new target for intervention in cancer.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biochemie, Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mönnigmann
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Clahsen
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haan
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Poli
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Müller-Newen
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D028884:Karyopherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D022022:Nuclear Pore / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015688:Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D050828:Protein Inhibitors of Activated STAT / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000097606:Exportin 1 Protein
chemical_list: D028884:Karyopherins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D015688:Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src); D050828:Protein Inhibitors of Activated STAT; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D000097606:Exportin 1 Protein; C484745:PIAS3 protein, human; C109279:Pias3 protein, mouse; C106644:SOCS3 protein, human; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; C491411:Socs3 protein, mouse; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse