title: Role of U.S. military research programs in the development of U.S.-licensed vaccines for naturally occurring infectious diseases.
abstract: U.S. military physicians and researchers have collaborated in the development of eight U.S.-licensed vaccines since 1934, when product efficacy requirements were added to product safety requirements mandated in 1902. These vaccines include influenza (1945), rubella (1969), adenovirus types 4 and 7 (1980), meningococcus A, C, Y, W-135 (1981), hepatitis B (1981), oral typhoid (1989), Japanese encephalitis (1992), and hepatitis A (1995). Current efforts include new adenovirus and Japanese encephalitis vaccines, and vaccines to prevent dengue, diarrhea due to enterotoxigenic E. coli, Campylobacter, and Shigella, malaria, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, scrub typhus, meningococcus type B, and HIV infection. All vaccines currently administered to U.S. military forces must be licensed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
authors.affiliation: Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5012, USA. Lynn.Kitchen@us.army.mil
authors.forename: Lynn W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Kitchen
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Vaughn
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000266:history / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D017277:Drug Approval / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D008889:Military Personnel; D014612:Vaccines / Q000266:history / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines