title: Toxicity of pharmaceutical wastewater on male reproductive system of Mus musculus.
abstract: This study reports on the toxic effects of 35-days intragastric perfusion of pharmaceutical wastewater on the male reproductive system of Mus musculus. Flow cytometric analyses and staining with fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and propidium iodide (PI) were used to assess the toxicity on spermatogenic cells. Significant depletions in the relative percentages of elongated spermatid (HC), diploid spermatogonia (2C), and S-phase cells were observed. These alterations in different germ cell populations were reflected in the various germ cell ratios. The ratios of 1C:4C and HC:2C showed a significant decline after pharmaceutical wastewater treatment, while the 4C:2C and 1C:2C ratios increased significantly. FDA and PI staining displayed reduced viability of spermatogenic cells in wastewater treated group. Statistically significant percentages of sperm abnormalities showed the genotoxic potential of this pharmaceutical wastewater. Testicular histopathological studies of treated animals revealed expansion of interstitial space and reduction in the number and size of Leydig cells. Thus, the present study has established the toxicity of pharmaceutical wastewater on the reproductive biology of male mice.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China. zhaodayong125016@gmail.com
authors.forename: Dayong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Chengjun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Shilei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Hongfeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wenyang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Xuxiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jidong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Shupei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D002681:China; D004345:Drug Industry; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000633:toxicity*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005837:Genitalia, Male / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D013076:Sperm Count; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D014873:Water Pollutants