title: Direct, non-destructive quantitative measurement of an active pharmaceutical ingredient in an intact capsule formulation using Raman spectroscopy.
abstract: The active pharmaceutical ingredient (ambroxol) in an intact capsule formulation has been non-destructively quantified using Raman spectroscopy. To improve the problem of insufficient representative sampling inherent in Raman measurements, we have employed a wide area illumination (WAI) scheme that enables much improved sample coverage through a circular excitation laser spot with a 6 mm diameter. One of the anticipated sources of variation for this measurement was variation in the capsule shells. However, the WAI scheme significantly decreased the spectral variation among empty capsules compared to a measurement with a traditional small-spot excitation. Therefore, measurement variations emanating from the capsule shell did not significantly influence the accuracy of the determination of ambroxol concentrations. The resulting standard error of prediction (SEP) using the WAI scheme was comparable to that from previous Raman measurements which used a conventional small-spot excitation and employed a sampling scheme that involved rotation of an ambroxol pellet. It is further noteworthy that the SEP was also similar to that obtained from the use of transmission NIR spectroscopy, which was achieved by collection of spectra of the powdered capsule contents removed from the shell. The proposed Raman measurement using the WAI scheme in this case was sufficient to achieve the quantitative measurement of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) content of capsules non-destructively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jaejin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jaegeun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.forename: Hoeil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Young-Ah
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kemper
authors.forename: Youngil
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000551:Ambroxol / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002214:Capsules / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005100:Expectorants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D005100:Expectorants; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D000551:Ambroxol