title: Trends in hospitalizations for diabetes among children and young adults: United States, 1993 2004.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine national trends in hospitalizations associated with diabetes for U.S. children and young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included hospital discharges for individuals aged 0-29 years with a diagnosis of diabetes (250.xx) in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (1993-2004). Outcomes were weighted, nationally representative estimates of the frequency of population-adjusted hospital discharges and hospital charges (2004 $U.S.).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among individuals aged 0-29 years, population-adjusted rates of hospitalizations associated with diabetes over the 12-year period increased by 38% (99.1 of 100,000 in 1993 and 136.4 of 100,000 in 2004; P < 0.001 for curvilinear trend). Age-specific increases in annual hospitalizations for diabetes occurred primarily among individuals aged 20-24 years (152.6 of 100,000 in 1993 and 222.2 of 100,000 in 2004) and 25-29 years (224.9 of 100,000 in 1993 and 331.2 of 100,000 in 2004). Trends in hospitalizations among younger individuals showed no significant patterns. Hospitalization rates were consistently higher for females than for males, with a greater rate of increase for females (42%) than for males (29%) (P < 0.001). Inflation-adjusted total charges for diabetes hospitalizations increased 130%, from $1.05 billion in 1993 to $2.42 billion in 2004.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of young adults hospitalized with diabetes in the U.S. has increased significantly over the last decade. Sex-specific differences in hospitalization rates and trends in obesity among U.S. children may amplify future trends in diabetes hospitalizations and corresponding rapid growth in associated health care expenditures.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. joyclee@umich.edu
authors.forename: Joyce M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Megumi J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Freed
authors.forename: Ram K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014481:United States