title: Monitoring of Saccharomyces and Hanseniaspora populations during alcoholic fermentation by real-time quantitative PCR.
abstract: Real-time, or quantitative, PCR (QPCR) was developed for the rapid quantification of two of the most important yeast groups in alcoholic fermentation (Saccharomyces spp. and Hanseniaspora spp.). Specific primers were designed from the region spanning the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and the 5.8S rRNA gene. To confirm the specificity of these primers, they were tested with different yeast species, acetic acid bacteria and lactic acid bacteria. The designed primers only amplified for the intended group of species and none of the PCR assays was positive for any other wine microorganisms. This technique was performed on reference yeast strains from pure cultures and validated with both artificially contaminated wines and real wine fermentation samples. To determine the effectiveness of the technique, the QPCR results were compared with those obtained by plating. The design of new primers for other important wine yeast species will enable to monitor yeast diversity during industrial wine fermentation and to detect the main spoilage yeasts in wine.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcelí Domingo s/n, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hierro
authors.forename: Braulio
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Esteve-Zarzoso
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mas
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guillamón
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000379:methods*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012340:RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S / Q000235:genetics; D004718:Saccharomycetales / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D012340:RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S; D000431:Ethanol