title: Gender differences in treatment adherence among youth with cystic fibrosis: development of a new questionnaire.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some prior studies have reported that girls with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience higher morbidity and mortality compared to boys. In this study, the authors compared boys' and girls' perceptions of disease-related strains and resources associated with living with CF, and the relationship of these factors to CF treatment feelings and behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 10-21 year olds with CF at the Minnesota Cystic Fibrosis Center were invited by mail to complete a new self-report survey (Living with CF Questionnaire--LCFQ). Of these 177 youth, 58% (49 boys and 54 girls) returned surveys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed nine factors in the LCFQ. Partial support was found for hypothesized gender differences in these factors. Compared to boys, girls reported significantly more illness-related strains and worries, including emotional strains, greater treatment discouragement, lower self-esteem, and lower adherence to some aspects of the CF treatment regimen (coughing, eating high-fat foods, taking meds/pills).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Living with CF appears to have a greater emotional impact on adolescent girls compared to boys. These gender differences may contribute to the poorer pulmonary function observed among girls with cystic fibrosis during the adolescent years.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, 1300 South 2nd Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States. jasu@umn.edu
authors.forename: Joän M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: Jerica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berge
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Milla
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011788:Quality of Life; D012649:Self Concept; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States