title: Suicidal hanging: fatalities in Istanbul retrospective analysis of 761 autopsy cases.
abstract: We retrospectively analyzed the autopsy records of the Institute of Forensic Medicine during the five-year period between 1998 and 2002 to document the characteristics of fatalities resulting from hanging which is the commonest mode of suicide in Istanbul. Upon analysis of death scene investigation and autopsy reports together with the information gathered from the police, the cases of hanging fatalities of suicidal origin were selected. Seven hundred sixty one hanging cases of suicidal origin were detected and evaluated in terms of demographic features, the type of hanging material used for ligature, cause of death, internal findings in neck organs, other traumatic findings suggesting the use of another method for suicide, toxicological findings and microscopic findings in delayed death cases. In 364 of these cases suspension was complete and in 397 incomplete. Five hundred thirty seven of those (70.56%) were male and 224 (29.44%) were female. The preponderance of male cases in our autopsy population was also detected in suicidal hanging cases. There was no case aged lower 10 and the number of the cases in the age group of cases aged over 80 was the lowest (n=3, 0.4%). In 634 of cases, the place of hanging was the subject's own house, most victims selected rope (652 cases) for the ligature with the rest using sheet, belt, cable and necktie. There were traumatic findings showing attempts of suicide other than hanging in 24 cases (tentative marks in 22 cases and non-fatal burning in 2). In 23 of cases, there were bruises of different ages. In these cases females constituted the majority suggesting violence against women that is a social problem in various cultural subgroups of our country. This violence may have played a role in the decision of suicide. Superficial bruises were detected in 56 cases and were attributed to the trauma. Fractures in neck organs were detected in 446 of cases. In fracture-determined cases, fracture in hyoid bone was seen in 177, in thyroid cartilage in 163, in both hyoid and thyroid in 106. Vertebral fracture was detected in six cases and fractures both in hyoid, thyroid and vertebra was found in four cases. Hyperemic lines around the ligature were prominent in 620 of the cases and soft tissue ecchymoses in all cases. In 305 of the cases (40.07%) diagnosis was based only on the soft tissue hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: The Ministry of Justice, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uzün
authors.forename: Yalçin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Büyük
authors.forename: Kağan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gürpinar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001237:Asphyxia / Q000401:mortality*; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D004438:Ecchymosis / Q000473:pathology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000473:pathology; D050724:Fractures, Cartilage / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006928:Hyoid Bone / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008722:Methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012621:Seasons; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013957:Thyroid Cartilage / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000431:Ethanol