title: Association of anxiety and depression with reported disease severity in patients undergoing evaluation for chronic rhinosinusitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the impact of psychiatric comorbidity on symptom density and resource utilization in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort of patients who sought evaluation of CRS was studied with the Rhinosinusitis Symptom Inventory and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Data concerning symptom scores, symptom domains, and psychiatric comorbidity were analyzed to determine the interactions among psychiatric comorbidity, symptom reporting, and resource utilization in CRS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 143 patients (mean age, 43.4 years). Low, moderate, and high levels of anxiety were reported by 48.3%, 25.9%, and 25.9% of patients, respectively. Low, moderate, and high levels of depression were reported by 76.2%, 9.1%, and 14.7%. For the combined psychopathology group, 43.3%, 25.9%, and 30% had low, moderate, and high levels. Patients with high anxiety levels reported significant elevations of oropharyngeal symptoms (p = .013) and total symptoms (p = .030) in comparison with the low group. Patients with high depression levels reported higher oropharyngeal (p = .003), systemic (p = .001), and total symptom (p = .003) scores than did the low group. High combined psychopathology scores were associated with elevated facial, oropharyngeal, and systemic scores (p < .05). Regarding medical utilization, high anxiety levels or high combined psychopathology scores were associated with more frequent physician visits (p < .05). A high level of depression was associated with increased antibiotic use, missed workdays, and physician visits (p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High levels of anxiety and depression are common in patients who undergo evaluation for CRS. Psychiatric comorbidity is associated with increased symptoms in CRS and increased health-care utilization. Anxiety and depression should be identified in these patients to structure appropriate treatment.
authors.affiliation: Pain Management Center, Department of Anesthesia, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wasan
authors.forename: Ephrem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Jamison
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhattacharyya
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009819:Office Visits / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists