title: Warmth of the subpolar north atlantic ocean during northern hemisphere ice-sheet growth.
abstract: Two 10,000-year periods of Northern Hemisphere continental ice-sheet growth stand out prominently within the last full interglacial-to-glacial cycle. During the first half of each rapid ice-growth phase, the subpolar North Atlantic from 40 degrees N to 60 degrees N maintained warm sea-surface temperatures comparable to those of today's ocean. The juxtaposition at latitudes 50 degrees N to 60 degrees N of an "interglacial" ocean along-side a "glacial" land mass, particularly along eastern North America, is regarded as an optimal configuration for delivering moisture to the growing ice sheets.
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Ruddiman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McIntyre