Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 controllers but not noncontrollers maintain CD4 T cells coexpressing three cytokines.
Here, we evaluate the cytokine coexpression profiles of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD4 T cells for the expression of the cytokines gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. In controllers, CD4 T cells producing three or two cytokines (triple producers and double producers, respectively) represented >50% of the total response. In contrast, in noncontrollers approximately 75% of responding cells produced only one cytokine (single producers), mostly IFN-gamma. Cells producing three cytokines were functionally superior to those producing single cytokines and showed an inverse correlation (P < 0.001) with viral load. These results demonstrate a strong association between the maintenance of highly functional CD4 T cells producing three cytokines and control of HIV-1.
Kannanganat
Sunil
S
Vaccine research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Kapogiannis
Bill G
BG
Ibegbu
Chris
C
Chennareddi
Lakshmi
L
Goepfert
Paul
P
Robinson
Harriet L
HL
Lennox
Jeffrey
J
Amara
Rama Rao
RR
D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D019562:Viral Load
D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma