title: Mass psychogenic illness presenting as acute stridor in an adolescent female cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe a cohort of patients with an unusual presentation of stridor, their evaluation and management, and their outcome. We review the pertinent English-language literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of the records of 12 adolescent patients treated for acute-onset inspiratory stridor at the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Allergy and Immunology at the University of South Florida and the Department of Speech Pathology at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute. Two additional patients received treatment elsewhere. Demographic, historical, and laboratory data, physical examination findings, and follow-up information were extracted. A review of both the Hillsborough County Department of Health epidemiological report and the English-language literature was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen female patients who attended a local high school developed audible inspiratory noise. Twelve of the 14 were seen at the University of South Florida Ear, Nose and Throat Center. The remaining 2 patients were evaluated by outside otolaryngologists but were included in all reports from the Department of Health. Environmental studies did not find noxious chemical or biological agents in the students' environments to explain the development of the symptoms. Physical and videostroboscopic examination identified two distinct laryngeal findings causing the audible stridor. One involved paradoxical vocal fold movement, and the other, supraglottic mucosal collapse into the airway. All patients underwent rigorous speech pathology intervention and structured treatment with either complete resolution or significant improvement, seen both clinically and on videostroboscopic evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Audible stridor can arise from numerous disease processes. In the vast majority of presentations it occurs sporadically and on an individual basis. Our cohort is especially unusual because of the sheer number of patients. Our presentation of a case of mass psychogenic illness as the cause of vocal cord dysfunction with additional findings of laryngomalacia within a group of adolescent girls is the first in the English-language literature. The key to the diagnosis is recognition of the disorder and susceptible individuals by using a thorough physical examination with emphasis on the laryngoscopic and videostroboscopic findings. The systematic approach, undertaken by a team including an otolaryngologist, an allergist, a speech pathologist, and an epidemiologist, proved to be effective in the management of this complex disorder and highly unusual situation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Chau T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaziano
authors.forename: Vicki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Lockey
authors.forename: Tapan A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Padhya
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003291:Conversion Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000379:methods; D010348:Patient Care Team; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013070:Speech Therapy; D013066:Speech-Language Pathology / Q000379:methods; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy