title: Rapid and transient intracellular oxidative stress due to novel macrosphelides trigger apoptosis via Fas/caspase-8-dependent pathway in human lymphoma U937 cells.
abstract: The ability of the derivatives of macrosphelides (MS) core (simplified 16-membered core structure of natural MS) to induce apoptosis in human lymphoma U937 cells was investigated. Of the five compounds examined, MS core with ketones at 8 and 14 positions (MS5) showed the highest potency to induce apoptosis, while another, MS3 with one ketone, was minimal potent. MS5 was found to induce apoptosis in the U937 cells in a time- and dose-dependent fashion, as confirmed by DNA fragmentation analysis. MS5 treated cells showed increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione depletion, Bid activation and lipid peroxidation. Pretreatment of cells with pancaspase inhibitor resulted in the complete inhibition of MS5-induced apoptosis. N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) pretreatment resulted in the increase in glutathione concentration, reduction of intracellular ROS, complete inhibition of DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, Fas externalization and caspase-8 activation. Furthermore, MS5-induced oxidative stress also triggered transient increase in intracellular calcium ion ([Ca2+]i) concentration which was completely inhibited by NAC. Pretreatment with an intracellular Ca2+ chelator, BAPTA-AM reduced MS5-induced DNA fragmentation and caspase-8 activation while it has marginal effects on MMP collapse. Taken together our present data showed that a rapid increase in intracellular ROS by MS5 triggers apoptosis via the Fas/caspase-8-mediated mitochondrial pathway suggesting that the presence of diketone makes the compound more potent to induce apoptosis. These characteristics of MS5 will make it useful for therapeutic applications of targeted apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanwal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Qing-Li
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuya
authors.forename: Da-Yong
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Loreto B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Feril
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D020298:U937 Cells; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019014:fas Receptor; D045304:Cytochromes c; D053181:Caspase 8; D005978:Glutathione; D000111:Acetylcysteine