title: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 controllers but not noncontrollers maintain CD4 T cells coexpressing three cytokines.
abstract: Here, we evaluate the cytokine coexpression profiles of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD4 T cells for the expression of the cytokines gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. In controllers, CD4 T cells producing three or two cytokines (triple producers and double producers, respectively) represented >50% of the total response. In contrast, in noncontrollers approximately 75% of responding cells produced only one cytokine (single producers), mostly IFN-gamma. Cells producing three cytokines were functionally superior to those producing single cytokines and showed an inverse correlation (P < 0.001) with viral load. These results demonstrate a strong association between the maintenance of highly functional CD4 T cells producing three cytokines and control of HIV-1.
authors.affiliation: Vaccine research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kannanganat
authors.forename: Bill G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Kapogiannis
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ibegbu
authors.forename: Lakshmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chennareddi
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goepfert
authors.forename: Harriet L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lennox
authors.forename: Rama Rao
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Amara
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma