title: Exogenous overexpression of nerve growth factor in the urinary bladder produces bladder overactivity and altered micturition circuitry in the lumbosacral spinal cord.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exogenous NGF or saline was delivered to the detrusor smooth muscle of female rats for a two-week period using osmotic mini-pumps. We then determined: (1) bladder function using conscious cystometry; (2) organization of micturition reflexes using Fos protein expression in lumbosacral (L5-S1) spinal cord neurons; (3) calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactivity (IR) in lumbosacral spinal cord segments.
  
  
  METHODS
  An osmotic pump infused 0.9% NaCl (n = 6) or NGF (n = 6)(2.5 microg/microl solution; 0.5 microl/hr) for two weeks into the bladder wall. NGF bladder content was determined by enzyme-linked immunoassays. Bladder function was assessed with conscious cystometry. Immunohistochemical and imaging techniques were used to determine the distribution of Fos-IR cells and CGRP expression in the L5-S1 spinal cord in saline and NGF-treated rats two hours after intravesical saline distention. Fos expression and CGRP-IR in NGF-treated rats with bladder distention was compared to that observed in cyclophosphamide (CYP; 75 mg/kg; i.p.) treated rats with bladder distention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-week infusion of NGF into the bladder wall increased bladder weight, reduced bladder capacity (60%), reduced the intercontraction interval (60%) and increased the amplitude of non-voiding contractions. NGF treatment and intravesical saline distention (2 hr) increased expression of Fos protein in L6-S1 spinal cord and altered the distribution pattern of Fos-IR cells. CGRP-IR in the lumbosacral spinal cord was also increased after NGF treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that NGF infusion into the bladder wall induces bladder overactivity, can reveal a "nociceptive" Fos expression pattern in the spinal cord in response to a non-noxious bladder stimulus and increases CGRP-IR in the lumbosacral spinal cord.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA. peter.zvara@uvm.edu
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zvara
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vizzard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014554:Urination / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D020932:Nerve Growth Factor