title: Correlation between preoperative biliary drainage, bile duct contamination, and postoperative outcomes for pancreatic surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although previously examined, the potential relationship between preoperative biliary drainage (PBD), intraoperative bile culture (IBC), and postoperative morbidity and mortality rate for pancreatic surgery remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred twenty patients underwent operation for either benign pancreatic disease or malignant periampullary and pancreatic neoplasms, consisting of pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (n = 180), biliary bypass (n = 31), and total pancreatectomy (n = 9). An intraoperative bile specimen was prospectively collected immediately after division of the bile duct and sent for bacteriologic evaluation for both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Morbidity and mortality rates were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 220 patients evaluated, 113 patients (51.4%) had a positive IBC. Factors associated with a positive IBC were age >70 years (odds ratio [OR], 5.9;95% confidence interval, [CI]: 1.6-22.1; P = .007), history of coronary artery disease (OR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01-0.5; P = .007), diagnosis of neoplasia (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9; P =. 03), and PBD (OR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.06-0.2; P = .0001). Infectious complications (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1-3; P = .03), and wound infection (OR, 2.8; 95% CI,1.4-5.3; P = .002) were greater in patients with positive IBC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PBD predisposes to a positive IBC. Patients with a positive IBC have a clinically important increased risk of developing both infectious complications and wound infection after pancreatic surgery.
authors.affiliation: HPB unit, Hammersmith Campus, Hammersmith Hospital, London, England.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Limongelli
authors.forename: Madhava
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: Dev
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bansi
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thiallinagram
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tait
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Nagy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Habib
authors.forename: Robin C N
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: Long R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Jiao
mesh_terms: D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D015904:Biliopancreatic Diversion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004322:Drainage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D015996:Survival Rate