title: Sensitivity of petrolatum and aqueous vehicles for detecting allergy to imidazolidinylurea, diazolidinylurea, and DMDM hydantoin: a retrospective analysis from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether petrolatum or aqueous vehicles are more sensitive for detecting allergy to imidazolidinylurea (IU), diazolidinylurea (DU), and dimethylol dimethyl hydantoin (DM). The relationship of these allergens to formaldehyde sensitivity was also explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of patients patch-tested by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group. All patients were simultaneously tested to seven allergens (formaldehyde, IU in petrolatum [pet], IU aqueous [aq], DU pet, DU aq, DM pet, and DM aq). Data were analyzed in pairs with various "gold standard" definitions of "true allergy" and adjusting for correlated data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reaction to at least one of the seven allergens occurred in 2,398 patients. In all cases except one (which just approached statistical significance), the petrolatum-based allergen was statistically significantly more sensitive than the same allergen in an aqueous base. Most of the patients allergic to the three preservatives were also allergic to formaldehyde, but most formaldehyde-allergic patients were not allergic to the IU, DU, or DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of these two vehicles, petrolatum is significantly more sensitive than an aqueous vehicle is for detecting allergy to IU, DU, and DM.
authors.affiliation: Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, and the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Rietschel
authors.forename: Erin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Warshaw
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sasseville
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Vincent A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: DeLeo
authors.forename: Donald V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Belsito
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Frances J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Storrs
authors.forename: C G Toby
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Mathias
authors.forename: Howard I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Maibach
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Zug
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pratt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D016208:Databases, Factual; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006827:Hydantoins / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009656:North America / Q000453:epidemiology; D010328:Patch Tests / Q000592:standards*; D010577:Petrolatum; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014508:Urea / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D006827:Hydantoins; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D005557:Formaldehyde; D010577:Petrolatum; D014508:Urea; C056057:1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin; C044982:diazolidinylurea; C006048:imidazolidinyl urea