title: Lower limb enthesopathy in patients with psoriasis without clinical signs of arthropathy: a hospital-based case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psoriasis is associated with a form of spondyloarthropathy in 10-30% of cases. A major feature of psoriatic arthritis is enthesitis. In some patients with psoriasis the presence of enthesitis could be underdiagnosed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the presence of lower limbs entheseal abnormalities in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis without signs and symptoms of psoriatic arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with psoriasis and 30 controls underwent ultrasonographic evaluation of Achilles, quadriceps, patellar entheses and plantar aponeurosis. Ultrasonographic findings were scored according to the Glasgow Ultrasound Enthesitis Scoring System (GUESS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean GUESS score was significantly higher in patients with psoriasis as compared with controls: 7.9 (0.6) vs 2.9 (0.3); p<0.0001. In particular, the thickness of all tendons examined was significant higher in cases than in controls (p<0.0001), as well as the number of enthesophytes in all sites examined. In both cases and controls, the GUESS score was directly correlated with age (r = 0.22; p = 0.008), body mass index (r = 0.23, p = 0.0067) and waist circumference (r = 0.17; p = 0.02). In contrast, the GUESS score was not correlated with the duration and severity of psoriasis according to the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (r = 0.03; p = 0.8) and body surface area involvement (r = 0.07; p = 0.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Entheseal abnormalities can be documented by ultrasonography in clinically asymptomatic patients with psoriasis. These findings could be related to a subclinical entheseal psoriatic inflammation. We suggest close follow-up of patients with psoriasis with entheseal abnormalities for early diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Surgical Science, Section of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, I-37126 Verona, Italy. paolo.gisondi@univr.it
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gisondi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tinazzi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: El-Dalati
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Biasi
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Barbara
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Girolomoni
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015535:Arthritis, Psoriatic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010329:Patella / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography