title: Timing of menarche among survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to determine risk factors associated with abnormal timing of menarche among survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported age of menarche was determined among 949 female ALL survivors participating in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS), a cohort of 5-year survivors of common pediatric cancers diagnosed from 1970 to 1986, and compared with 1,128 siblings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of survivors (92%) and siblings (97%) reported menarche between the ages of 10 and 16. Survivors treated with chemotherapy alone, including those exposed to alkylating agents, experienced menarche at a similar rate to siblings. However, compared to chemotherapy alone, cranial radiotherapy was associated with early menarche (age < 10; OR 6.2, 95% CI 2.1, 18.5) while craniospinal radiotherapy was associated with both early (OR 8.6, 95% CI 1.9, 38.6) and late (age > 16; OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.4, 16.7) menarche. There were no differences in effect between <20 and >/=20 Gy radiotherapy doses. In multivariable analysis, younger age at diagnosis was an independent risk factor for early menarche.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Few female childhood ALL survivors experienced menarche outside of the normal range. Alkylating agent exposure was not associated with abnormal timing. However, those exposed to cranial and craniospinal radiotherapy, especially at a young age, should be monitored closely for abnormal timing of menarche.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. ericchow@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Debra L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Whitton
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stovall
authors.forename: Leslie L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Robison
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sklar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008572:Menarche / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D017741:Survivors; D013995:Time
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating