title: Impaired tuning of a fast occipito-temporal response for print in dyslexic children learning to read.
abstract: Developmental dyslexia is defined as a disorder of learning to read. It is thus critical to examine the neural processes that impair learning to read during the early phase of reading acquisition, before compensatory mechanisms are adapted by older readers with dyslexia. Using electroencephalography-based event-related imaging, we investigated how tuning of visual activity for print advances in the same children before and after initial reading training in school. The focus was on a fast, coarse form of visual tuning for print, measured as an increase of the occipito-temporal N1 response at 150-270 ms in the event-related potential (ERP) to words compared to symbol strings. The results demonstrate that the initial development of reading skills and visual tuning for print progressed more slowly in those children who became dyslexic than in their control peers. Print-specific tuning in 2nd grade strongly distinguished dyslexic children from controls. It was maximal in the inferior occipito-temporal cortex, left-lateralized in controls, and reduced in dyslexic children. The results suggest that delayed initial visual tuning for print critically contributes to the development of dyslexia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brem
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bucher
authors.forename: Felicitas
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kranz
authors.forename: Rosmarie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benz
authors.forename: Hans-Christoph
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Steinhausen
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brandeis
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011932:Reading; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*