title: Overcoming barriers to glycemic control in African Americans with type-2 diabetes: benefits of insulin therapy.
abstract: A disproportionate number of African-American men and women are affected by obesity and diabetes. The documented rate of poor glycemic control in the African-American population may contribute to the high rate of morbidity and mortality due to diabetes observed in these patients. Since the benefits of strict glycemic control have been demonstrated in multiple large trials, the aim of treatment should be to achieve the goals set forth by the American Diabetes Association. Insulin remains an essential therapeutic agent for helping patients achieve glycemic control and preventing long-term comorbidities. However, barriers to insulin therapy exist for both the physician and patient. Strategies to counter this resistance include identifying barriers to treatment, restoring the patient's sense of control, utilizing simple regimens, and reviewing the benefits of insulin and the risk of hypoglycemia. In treating African-American patients with diabetes, providers of various racial and ethnic backgrounds may maximize treatment efficacy by attempting to understand and practice culturally competent care.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Institute, 21 Seymour Place, White Plains, NY 10605, USA. mmarshall@endocrineinstitute.com
authors.forename: Merville C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000367:Age Factors; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D019518:Postprandial Period; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin