title: Central nervous system distribution kinetics of indinavir in rats.
abstract: The central nervous system (CNS) distribution kinetics of indinavir were extensively evaluated using a combinational in-vivo model comprising the integration plot method (a single-passage approach) and neuropharmacokinetic method (a multiple-passage approach). A 5 mg kg(-1) dose of indinavir was administered intravenously to rats. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and whole brain were collected from the animals at specified time points and the drug concentration in each sample was determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography method. For the neuropharmacokinetic study, the simultaneous plasma, CSF and brain concentrations were fitted to an integrated model, which resulted in the estimation of the influx (K(in)) and efflux (K(out)) rate constants of the drug to/from CSF and brain parenchyma. The integration plot method involved plotting the brain-plasma or CSF-plasma concentration ratios (K(p, app)) against AUC(0-->t)/C(p(t)), and estimating the uptake clearance of the drug by brain/CSF from the slope of the initial linear portion of the plot. The K(in) and K(out) values of the drug to/from CSF were estimated to be 2.42 x 10(-2) and 13.26 x 10(-2)min(-1), respectively, and the corresponding values for brain parenchyma were 1.02 x 10(-2) and 1.32 x 10(-2) min(-1), respectively. The uptake clearances of indinavir by CSF and brain parenchyma were 8.89 and 8.38microL min(-1)g(-1), respectively. The permeability surface area products of the drug for the blood-brain barrier and blood-CSF barrier were estimated as 1.05 x 10(-2) and 2.45 x 10(-2) mLmin(-1)g(-1), respectively. The estimated kinetic parameters indicated limited CNS entry of the drug because of the limited blood-brain barrier permeability and the efficient drug efflux from CNS, particularly from CSF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran. hamidim@sums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamidi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001692:Biological Transport; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019469:Indinavir / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D010539:Permeability; D011485:Protein Binding; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D019469:Indinavir