title: Immunochromatographic analysis of hippuric acid in urine.
abstract: Toluene, a clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive smell, is the most commonly used industrial organic solvent. The adverse effects of chronic toluene exposure have been reported. The abuse of volatile substances is practiced mainly by adolescents and young adults. Chronic toluene abuse causes permanent changes in brain structure correlated with brain dysfunction; therefore, it is important to monitor the level of toluene exposure to prevent neurological damages. In this study, immunochromatographic analysis was performed to measure a level of the exposed toluene easily and accurately in urine. Inhaled toluene is metabolized to hippuric acid (HA) in the liver and secreted in urine. Therefore, the monoclonal antibodies against HA were generated and characterized by indirect competitive ELISA. The sensitivity was then monitored in order to adjust the cutoff concentration to 2 mg of HA/mL of urine. Using these monoclonal antibodies as raw materials, the immunochromatographic device was manufactured with the lateral flow system. The clinical studies were performed with suspected users' urine samples, and the results were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Dankook University, San 29 Anseo-dong, Cheonan, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Mi
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seung-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Heesun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Oh-Hyep
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Ki-Yeol
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Hyug-Han
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: Jong-Seo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Gun-Sik
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Tae
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000378:metabolism; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000032:analysis*; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006626:Hippurates / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012997:Solvents / Q000378:metabolism; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods; D014050:Toluene / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D006626:Hippurates; D012997:Solvents; D014050:Toluene; C030514:hippuric acid