title: The contribution of pre-existing depression to the acute cognitive sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of pre-existing depression on the cognitive sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) within 24 hours of injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2 x 2 between-subjects design was used to examine the effect of depression and injury type on neuropsychological test performance. The independent variables were the injury type (mTBI or control) and the presence of depression (depressed or not depressed).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants who had sustained mTBI (30 with depression, 30 without depression) within the previous 24 hours and control participants (19 with depression, 30 without depression) were assessed on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSS), Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) and the Speed of Comprehension Test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants with mTBI performed worse than controls on the tests, particularly HVLT delayed recall and DSS total correct. Participants with depression did not perform worse than participants without depression. However, there was a significant univariate interaction for HVLT recognition, participants who had sustained mTBI and were classified in the depressed group exhibited worse recognition compared to mTBI participants without depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that depression may interact with mTBI to impair word recognition during the acute phase after a head injury.
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Psychophysiology Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. m.preece@psy.uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Megan Haf Wyn
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Preece
authors.forename: Gina Malke
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Geffen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011930:Reaction Time; D014706:Verbal Learning