title: Effect of fresh and stored botulinum toxin a on muscle and nerve ultrastructure: an electron microscopic study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the ultrastructural alterations of the muscle and nerve that appear following injection of freshly reconstituted and stored botulinum toxin A. Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits were assigned to 6 groups, and anterior auricular muscle was used for injections. Group 1 did not receive any injection and group 2 received saline injection. Groups 3 and 5 received fresh botulinum; muscles and motor nerves were harvested at 5 days and 12 weeks, respectively. Groups 4 and 6 received stored botulinum; muscles and motor nerves were harvested at 5 days and 12 weeks, respectively. Alterations in muscle and nerve ultrastructure were evaluated with electron microscopy. Degeneration findings in muscle after botulinum toxin injection revealed no significant difference between freshly reconstituted and stored toxin in the early period. When stored toxin was used, atrophic changes in the muscle were less severe than the fresh toxin at 3 months. On nerve evaluation, fresh toxin displays significant acute changes on nerve ultrastructure; however, fresh and stored toxin shows similar degeneration at 12 weeks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cigdem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elmas
authors.forename: Suhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ayhan
authors.forename: Serhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tuncer
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Erdogan
authors.forename: Engin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calguner
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Basterzï
authors.forename: Rabet
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gozil
authors.forename: Meltem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahcelioglu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D023421:Models, Animal; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A