title: Effect of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization on proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 136 patients with HCC underwent liver resection. Of 136 patients, 79 patients received 1 to 5 courses of TACE prior to liver resection (TACE group), who were further subdivided into four groups: Group A (n = 11) who received 1 to 4 courses of chemotherapy alone; Group B (n = 33) who received 1 to 5 courses of chemotherapy combined with iodized oil; Group C (n = 23) who received 1 to 3 courses of chemotherapy combined with iodized oil and gelatin sponge; and Group D (n = 12) who received 1 to 3 courses of chemotherapy combined with iodized oil, ethanol and gelatin sponge. The other 57 patients only received liver resection (non-TACE group). The expressions of Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein were detected in the liver cancer tissues by immunohistochemical method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Ki-67 protein expression was significantly lower in Groups C and D as compared with non-TACE group (31.35% +/- 10.85% vs 44.43% +/- 20.70%, 30.93% +/- 18.10% vs 44.43% +/- 20.70%, respectively, P < 0.05). The PCNA protein expression was significantly lower in Groups C and D as compared with non-TACE group (49.61% +/- 15.11% vs 62.92% +/- 17.21%, 41.16% +/- 11.83% vs 62.92% +/- 17.21%, respectively, P < 0.05). The Ki-67 protein expression was significantly higher in Group A as compared with non-TACE group (55.44% +/- 13.72% vs 44.43% +/- 20.70%, P < 0.05). The PCNA protein expression was significantly higher in Groups A and B as compared with non-TACE group (72.22% +/- 8.71% vs 62.92% +/- 17.21%, 69.91% +/- 13.38% vs 62.92% +/- 17.21%, respectively, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative multi-material TACE suppresses the proliferation of HCC cells, while a single material embolization and chemotherapy alone enhance the proliferation of HCC cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China. cjr.xiaoenhua@vip.163.com
authors.forename: En-Hua
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Jing-Qing
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jie-Fu
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005781:Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D000431:Ethanol