title: Conditional deletion of activating protein 2alpha (AP-2alpha) in the developing retina demonstrates non-cell-autonomous roles for AP-2alpha in optic cup development.
abstract: Activating protein 2alpha (AP-2alpha) is known to be expressed in the retina, and AP-2alpha-null mice exhibit defects in the developing optic cup, including patterning of the neural retina (NR) and a replacement of the dorsal retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) with NR. In this study, we analyzed the temporal and spatial retinal expression patterns of AP-2alpha and created a conditional deletion of AP-2alpha in the developing retina. AP-2alpha exhibited a distinct expression pattern in the developing inner nuclear layer of the retina, and colocalization studies indicated that AP-2alpha was exclusively expressed in postmitotic amacrine cell populations. Targeted deletion of AP-2alpha in the developing retina did not result in observable retinal defects. Further examination of AP-2alpha-null mutants revealed that the severity of the RPE defect was variable and, although defects in retinal lamination occur at later embryonic stages, earlier stages showed normal lamination and expression of markers for amacrine and ganglion cells. Together, these data demonstrate that, whereas AP-2alpha alone does not play an intrinsic role in retinogenesis, it has non-cell-autonomous effects on optic cup development. Additional expression analyses showed that multiple AP-2 proteins are present in the developing retina, which will be important to future studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
authors.forename: Erin A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bassett
authors.forename: Giuseppe F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Pontoriero
authors.forename: Weiguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Till
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marquardt
authors.forename: M Elizabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Fini
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: West-Mays
mesh_terms: D025042:Amacrine Cells / Q000166:cytology; D000818:Animals; D064032:Calbindin 2; D002452:Cell Count; D050485:GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017950:Ganglia, Sensory / Q000166:cytology; D017353:Gene Deletion; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D019426:Integrases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008938:Mitosis; D009928:Organ Specificity; D038081:Organogenesis; D021381:Protein Transport; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology* / Q000201:enzymology; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G / Q000378:metabolism; D050827:Syntaxin 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2 / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D064032:Calbindin 2; D050485:GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; D050827:Syntaxin 1; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2; C045073:Cre recombinase; D019426:Integrases