title: Intramuscular testosterone treatment in elderly men: evidence of memory decline and altered brain function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent clinical trials of im testosterone in eugonadal men suggest positive effects on verbal memory, but other studies find no effect.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to determine whether supraphysiological testosterone influences verbal memory and brain function during a verbal memory task in healthy eugonadal older men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen cognitively normal men, aged 66-86 yr, participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial involving 9 months of participation per participant at a hospital-based research facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used testosterone enanthate (200 mg im every other week for 90 d) crossed over with placebo (sesame oil vehicle im) with a 90-d washout between treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Performance was assessed on a standardized verbal memory test, and brain activity (relative glucose metabolic rates) in medial temporal and frontal regions was measured with positron emission tomography during a verbal memory task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment increased total testosterone by 241%. Behavioral results showed a significant decrease in short-delay verbal memory with treatment (P < 0.05, effect size = 0.59 sd) and a nonsignificant decrease on a composite verbal memory measure (P = 0.09, effect size = 0.48 sd). Positron emission tomography scans revealed decreased relative activity in ventromedial temporal cortex (i.e. right amygdala/entorhinal cortex) and increased relative activity in bilateral prefrontal cortex with treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased verbal memory and altered relative activity in medial temporal and prefrontal regions suggest possible detrimental effects of supraphysiological testosterone supplementation in elderly men. The results do not rule out potential benefits with other regimens, cognitive tests, or populations.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cognitive Medicine, Neuropsychiatric Institute MC 913, University of Illinois at Chicago, 912 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA. pmaki@psych.uic.edu
authors.forename: Pauline M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: Edythe D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: London
authors.forename: Kristen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Mordecai
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perschler
authors.forename: Samuel C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Durso
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dobs
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Resnick
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014705:Verbal Behavior
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D013739:Testosterone