title: [Perspectives of inhaled insulin treatment].
abstract: In the article some merits and some limitations of inhaled insulin (Exubera produced by Pfizer) in the treatment of adult patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes were presented. Up till now about 3500 volunteers usually in short-term study periods (6 months) were examined. Some patients were observed in the course of treatment even 4-7 years. Inhaled insulin was well tolerated by patients and they accepted with satisfaction this new form of drug. Main adverse events were a small decrease in the forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV1) and a small decline in carbon monoxide diffusion capacity with no clinical significance a well as a mild or moderate cough occurring temporally. Inhaled insulin is contraindicated in smokers and patients with bronchial asthma, bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema. Despite the approval of inhaled insulin for use in adult patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes in the United States and European Union in January 2006, Pfizer designed Real World Trial to estimate the costleffectiveness of this drug and the effect of the availability of Exubera as a treatment options for glycemic control.
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Klinika Chorób Wewnetrznych, Geriatrii i Toksykologii Klinicznej, Akademii Medycznej w Gdańsku.
authors.forename: Zygmunt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chodorowski
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sein Anand
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000639:trends; D003371:Cough / Q000139:chemically induced; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005062:European Union; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007330:Insulin Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C473734:Exubera; D007328:Insulin; D007330:Insulin Antibodies