title: The need for emergency medicine resident training in informed consent for procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine emergency medicine (EM) residents' perceptions and reported practices of obtaining informed consent for emergency department procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors performed a cross-sectional observational study of EM residents. A brief, short-answer survey was distributed that covered the following topics related to informed consent: training, confidence and comfort levels, and current practices. Data were analyzed using basic frequency displays, and descriptive statistics are reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 20 programs contacted, 16 responded and agreed to distribute the invitation to their residents. A total of 402 of 490 eligible residents (82%) in the participating programs responded. The majority of EM residents (56%) had never received formal training on obtaining informed consent, and those who had reported that their primary exposure to formal training occurred during their medical school years (79%). More than half of the residents (56%) have felt uncomfortable obtaining consent for a procedure. Few residents (32%) felt very confident that they provide comprehensive information to patients, while 9% were not very confident that they disclose all pertinent risks, benefits, and alternatives to their patients. Sixty-three percent of all EM residents believed formal training is necessary, and half (52%) reported interest in receiving training (i.e., listings of risks, benefits, and alternatives as well as standards for determining which procedures need consent). The residents' current perceptions of consent requirements for commonly performed emergency department procedures (emergent and nonemergent) are also reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Few residents have had formal training in informed consent, and there is wide variability in the perception of which procedures require informed consent. Residents are not confident in their knowledge of all risks and benefits of common procedures, and comfort levels in obtaining informed consent are low. Residents can benefit from additional resources that provide standardized information and formal training on the issue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA. tgaeta@pol.net
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gaeta
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Radha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kotamraju
authors.forename: Carly
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yarmush
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male