title: The novel antiepileptic agent RWJ-333369-A, but not its analog RWJ-333369, reduces regional cerebral edema without affecting neurobehavioral outcome or cell death following experimental traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of two antiepileptic compounds, RWJ-333369 and RWJ-333369-A in a well-established experimental model of lateral fluid percussion (FP) traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anethestized Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=227) were subjected to lateral FP brain injury or sham-injury. Animals were randomized to receive treatment with RWJ-333369 (60 mg/kg, p.o.) or its analog RWJ-333369-A (60 mg/kg, p.o.), or vehicle (equal volume) at 15 minutes, 4, 8, and 24 hours post-injury. In Study I, animals were assessed at 48 hours for acute motor and cognitive function and then sacrificed to evaluate regional cerebral edema. In Study II, animals were evaluated post-injury for motor function at 48 hours and weekly thereafter from 1 to 4 weeks. Post-traumatic learning ability was assessed 4 weeks post-injury, followed by evaluation of hemispheric tissue loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Study I, no improvement in acute memory or motor function was observed following administration of either RWJ-333369 or RWJ-333369-A in brain-injured animals compared to vehicle-treated, brain-injured animals. However, brain-injured animals receiving treatment with RWJ-333369-A had a significant reduction in post-traumatic cerebral edema in both injured and contralateral hippocampus compared to brain-injured, vehicle-treated controls (p<0.05). In Study II, treatment with either compound did not result in any improvement of neuromotor function, learning ability or change in lesion volume following brain injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the novel antiepileptic compound RWJ-333369-A reduces post-traumatic hippocampal edema without affecting neurobehavioral or histological outcome. It remains unclear whether this small effect on hippocampal edema ie related to the ability of this compound to attenuate seizure activity.
authors.affiliation: Traumatic Brain Injury Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Carrie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.forename: Hilaire J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Asla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pitkänen
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: LeBold
authors.forename: Diego M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: Jamie B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Plevy
authors.forename: Rishi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Puri
authors.forename: Boyu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dichter
authors.forename: Tracy K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: McIntosh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D002219:Carbamates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009420:Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002219:Carbamates; C518914:S-2-O-carbamoyl-1-o-chlorophenyl-ethanol