Network-based analysis of calcium-binding protein genes identifies Grp94 as a target in human oral carcinogenesis.
To characterise Ca(2+) -binding protein gene expression changes in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), we compared the gene expression profiles in OSCC-derived cell lines with normal oral tissues. One hundred Ca(2+) -binding protein genes differentially expressed in OSCCs were identified, and genetic pathways associated with expression changes were generated. Among genes mapped to the network with the highest significance, glucose-regulated protein 94 kDa (Grp94) was evaluated further for mRNA and protein expression in the OSCC cell lines, primary OSCCs, and oral premalignant lesions (OPLs). A significant (P<0.001) overexpression of Grp94 protein was observed in all cell lines compared to normal oral epithelium. Immunohistochemical analysis showed highly expressed Grp94 in primary OSCCs and OPLs, whereas most of the corresponding normal tissues had no protein immunoreaction. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR data agreed with the protein expression status. Moreover, overexpression of Grp94 in primary tumours was significantly (P<0.001) correlated with poor disease-free survival. The results suggested that Grp94 may have potential clinical application as a novel diagnosis and prognostic biomarker for human OSCCs.
Nomura
H
H
Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, Japan.
Uzawa
K
K
Yamano
Y
Y
Fushimi
K
K
Ishigami
T
T
Kato
Y
Y
Saito
K
K
Nakashima
D
D
Higo
M
M
Kouzu
Y
Y
Ono
K
K
Ogawara
K
K
Shiiba
M
M
Bukawa
H
H
Yokoe
H
H
Tanzawa
H
H
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D019085:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C053387:endoplasmin