title: Cholinergic modulation of intrinsic fibre-evoked excitatory transmission contains a nicotinic component in immature but not adult rat piriform cortex, in vitro.
abstract: The piriform cortex (PC) is highly prone to epileptogenesis, particularly in immature animals, where decreased muscarinic modulation of PC intrinsic fibre excitatory neurotransmission is implicated as a likely cause. However, whether higher levels of acetylcholine (ACh) release occur in immature vs. adult PC remains unclear. We investigated this using in vitro extracellular electrophysiological recording techniques. Intrinsic fibre-evoked extracellular field potentials (EFPs) were recorded from layers II to III in PC brain slices prepared from immature (P14-18) and adult (P>40) rats. Adult and immature PC EFPs were suppressed by eserine (1 microM) or neostigmine (1 microM) application, with a greater suppression in immature (approximately 40%) than adult (approximately 30%) slices. Subsequent application of atropine (1 microM) reversed EFP suppression, producing supranormal (approximately 12%) recovery in adult slices, suggesting that suppression was solely muscarinic ACh receptor-mediated and that some 'basal' cholinergic 'tone' was present. Conversely, atropine only partially reversed anticholinesterase effects in immature slices, suggesting the presence of additional non-muscarinic modulation. Accordingly, nicotine (50 microM) caused immature field suppression (approximately 30%) that was further enhanced by neostigmine, whereas it had no effect on adult EFPs. Unlike atropine, nicotinic antagonists, mecamylamine and methyllycaconitine, induced immature supranormal field recovery (approximately 20%) following anticholinesterase-induced suppression (with no effect on adult slices), confirming that basal cholinergic 'tone' was also present. We suggest that nicotinic inhibitory cholinergic modulation occurs in the immature rat PC intrinsic excitatory fibre system, possibly to complement the existing, weak muscarinic modulation, and could be another important developmentally regulated system governing immature PC susceptibility towards epileptogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
authors.forename: Neekhil A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Samantha E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Weston
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Constanti
authors.forename: James V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Halliwell
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Whalley
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009388:Neostigmine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009833:Olfactory Pathways / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D010830:Physostigmine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009388:Neostigmine; D009538:Nicotine; D001285:Atropine; D010830:Physostigmine; D000109:Acetylcholine