title: Formyl peptide-receptor like-1 requires lipid raft and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase to activate inhibitor-kappa B kinase in human U87 astrocytoma cells.
abstract: Formyl peptide-receptor like-1 (FPRL-1) may possess critical roles in Alzheimer's diseases, chemotaxis and release of neurotoxins, possibly through its regulation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB). Here we illustrate that activation of FPRL-1 in human U87 astrocytoma or Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing the receptor resulted in the phosphorylations of inhibitor-kappaB kinase (IKK), an onset kinase for NFkappaB signaling cascade. FPRL-1 selective hexapeptide Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-Met (WKYMVM) promoted IKK phosphorylations in time- and dose-dependent manners while pre-treatment of pertussis toxin abrogated the Galpha(i/o)-dependent stimulations. The FPRL-1-mediated IKK phosphorylation required extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and cellular Src (c-Src), but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Despite its ability to mobilize Ca(2+), WKYMVM did not require Ca(2+) for the modulation of IKK phosphorylation. Activation of FPRL-1 also induced NFkappaB-driven luciferase expression. Interestingly, cholesterol depletion from plasma membrane by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin abolished the FPRL-1-stimulated IKK phosphorylation, denoting the important role of lipid raft integrity in the FPRL-1 to IKK signaling. Furthermore, we demonstrated that in U87 cells, several signaling intermediates in the FPRL-1-IKK pathway including Galpha(i2), c-Src and ERK were constitutively localized at the raft microdomains. WKYMVM administration not only resulted in higher amount of ERK recruitment to the raft region, but also specifically stimulated raft-associated c-Src and ERK phosphorylations. Taken together, these results demonstrate that FPRL-1 is capable of activating NFkappaB signaling through IKK phosphorylation and this may serve as a useful therapeutical target for FPRL-1-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, the Molecular Neuroscience Center, and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Angel Y F
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Kam
authors.forename: Andrew M F
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yung H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016466:CHO Cells; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D044067:Receptors, Lipoxin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C105101:FPR2 protein, human; D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide; D044067:Receptors, Lipoxin; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases