title: Biventricular upgrading in patients with conventional pacing system and congestive heart failure: results and response predictors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are few studies on cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in heart failure (HF) patients with preexisting right ventricular (RV) pacing. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of CRT upgrading in RV-paced patients and the predictivity of electromechanical dyssynchrony parameters (EDP) evaluated by standard echocardiography (ECHO) and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight consecutive patients with HF [New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV, LVEF < 35%], prior continuous RV pacing, and absence of atrial fibrillation were enrolled in the presence of a paced QRS > or = 150 ms and evaluated by ECHO and TDI. A responder was defined as a patient with a favorable change in NYHA class and neither HF hospitalization nor death, plus an absolute increase of LVEF > or = 10 units.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At six-months follow-up, the whole study population had significant improvement in symptoms, systolic function, and QRS duration (P < 0.001); 32 (84%) patients had a favorable clinical outcome, 25 (66%) were considered responders according to the previous definition. Postimplant QRS was similarly reduced in both responders and nonresponders, whereas EDP had a significant improvement only in responders (P < 0.05). Using EDP, 23 (79%) patients were responders compared with 2 (22%) patients without mechanical dyssynchrony (P = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In HF patients with previous RV pacing, CRT is effective to improve clinical, functional outcome, and LV performance and to reduce electromechanical dyssynchrony in a large proportion of patients. Dyssynchrony evaluated by standard and TDI ECHO can be useful for CRT selection of paced patients.
authors.affiliation: S. Camillo Hospital, Rome, Italy. laurenzi.f@tiscali.it
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laurenzi
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Achilli
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avella
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peraldo
authors.forename: Serafino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orazi
authors.forename: Giovanni B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Perego
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cesario
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valsecchi
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: De Santo
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Puglisi
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tondo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control*