title: Genome analysis of Minibacterium massiliensis highlights the convergent evolution of water-living bacteria.
abstract: Filtration usually eliminates water-living bacteria. Here, we report on the complete genome sequence of Minibacterium massiliensis, a beta-proteobacteria that was recovered from 0.22-mum filtered water used for patients in the hospital. The unexpectedly large 4,110,251-nucleotide genome sequence of M. massiliensis was determined using the traditional shotgun sequencing approach. Bioinformatic analyses shows that the M. massiliensis genome sequence illustrates characteristic features of water-living bacteria, including overrepresentation of genes encoding transporters and transcription regulators. Phylogenomic analysis based on the gene content of available bacterial genome sequences displays a congruent evolution of water-living bacteria from various taxonomic origins, principally for genes involved in energy production and conversion, cell division, chromosome partitioning, and lipid metabolism. This phylogenomic clustering partially results from lateral gene transfer, which appears to be more frequent in water than in other environments. The M. massiliensis genome analyses strongly suggest that water-living bacteria are a common source for genes involved in heavy-metal resistance, antibiotics resistance, and virulence factors.
authors.affiliation: Structural and Genomic Information Laboratory, Institute for Structural Biology and Microbiology, Marseille, France. Stephane.Audic@igs.cnrs-mrs.fr
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Audic
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Campagna
authors.forename: Hugues
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Parinello
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Claverie
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raoult
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drancourt
mesh_terms: D020562:Betaproteobacteria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014867:Water; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D037521:Virulence Factors; D014867:Water; D007501:Iron