A novel nuclear protein interacts with the symbiotic DMI3 calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase of Medicago truncatula.
Many higher plants establish symbiotic relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi that improve their ability to acquire nutrients from the soil. In addition to establishing AM symbiosis, legumes also enter into a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with bacteria known as rhizobia that results in the formation of root nodules. Several genes involved in the perception and transduction of bacterial symbiotic signals named "Nod factors" have been cloned recently in model legumes through forward genetic approaches. Among them, DMI3 (Doesn't Make Infections 3) is a calcium- and calmodulin-dependent kinase required for the establishment of both nodulation and AM symbiosis. We have identified, by a yeast two-hybrid system, a novel protein interacting with DMI3 named IPD3 (Interacting Protein of DMI3). IPD3 is predicted to interact with DMI3 through a C-terminal coiled-coil domain. Chimeric IPD3::GFP is localized to the nucleus of transformed Medicago truncatula root cells, in which split yellow fluorescent protein assays suggest that IPD3 and DMI3 physically interact in Nicotiana benthamiana. Like DMI3, IPD3 is extremely well conserved among the angiosperms and is absent from Arabidopsis. Despite this high level of conservation, none of the homologous proteins have a demonstrated biological or biochemical function. This work provides the first evidence of the involvement of IPD3 in a nuclear interaction with DMI3.
Messinese
Elsa
E
Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Mun
Jeong-Hwan
JH
Yeun
Li Huey
LH
Jayaraman
Dhileepkumar
D
Rougé
Pierre
P
Barre
Annick
A
Lougnon
Géraldine
G
Schornack
Sebastian
S
Bono
Jean-Jacques
JJ
Cook
Douglas R
DR
Ané
Jean-Michel
JM
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D046913:Medicago truncatula / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000502:physiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D034622:RNA Interference; D053204:Root Nodules, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000502:physiology; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
D010940:Plant Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases