title: A nomogram for measurement of mitral valve area by proximal isovelocity surface area method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although its accuracy has been documented in many studies, the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method is not used widely for mitral valve area (MVA) measurement. In this study, we prepared a new nomogram and tested its use in MVA assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 23 patients (age: 27 +/- 5 years) with mitral stenosis, of whom 7 were in atrial fibrillation. The MVA was measured by four methods: planimetry (PL) (reference method), pressure-half time (PHT), conventional PISA (CP), and nomogram (Nomo) methods. The nomogram included two unknowns: (1) r; the radius of the first PISA section; (2) a; the length of the border opposite to the PISA angle in the triangle with both adjacent borders of 1 cm. The nomogram was also tested for its popularity potential by eight echocardiographers, none of whom were included in the author list.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean MVA(PL) was 1.85 +/- 0.53 cm(2) (range: 0.72-2.99), mean MVA(PHT) was 1.72 +/- 0.56 cm(2) (range: 0.91-3.30), mean MVA(CP) was 1.69 +/- 0.45 cm(2) (range: 0.97-2.54), and MVA(Nomo) was 1.70 +/- 0.44 cm(2) (0.96-2.49). The nomogram correlated with planimetry (r = 0.87; P < 0.001), pressure half-time (r = 0.71; P < 0.001) and conventional PISA (r = 0.99; P = 0.000) methods. The nomogram method also correlated with planimetry in patients with atrial fibrillation (r = 0.81; P = 0.026). The echocardiographers found that the nomogram is superior to the planimetry and conventional PISA methods but inferior to the pressure half-time method in terms of simplicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new nomogram is potentially helpful in measurement of MVA. It may be used as an additional method in assessing severity of mitral stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Cardiology, Barisyolu Cd. No: 4/3 Esertepe, Ankara, Turkey. muzun1@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uzun
authors.forename: Oben
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Baysan
authors.forename: Celal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Genc
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokusoglu
authors.forename: Hayrettin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karaeren
authors.forename: Ersoy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Isik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D049451:Nomograms; D015203:Reproducibility of Results