title: Self monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes: longitudinal qualitative study of patients' perspectives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore views of patients with type 2 diabetes about self monitoring of blood glucose over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal, qualitative study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary and secondary care settings across Lothian, Scotland.
  
  
  METHODS
  18 patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Results from repeat in-depth interviews with patients over four years after clinical diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis revealed three main themes-the role of health professionals, interpreting readings and managing high values, and the ongoing role of blood glucose self monitoring. Self monitoring decreased over time, and health professionals' behaviour seemed crucial in this: participants interpreted doctors' focus on levels of haemoglobin A(1c), and lack of perceived interest in meter readings, as indicating that self monitoring was not worth continuing. Some participants saw readings as a proxy measure of good and bad behaviour-with women especially, chastising themselves when readings were high. Some participants continued to find readings difficult to interpret, with uncertainty about how to respond to high readings. Reassurance and habit were key reasons for continuing. There was little indication that participants were using self monitoring to effect and maintain behaviour change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical uncertainty about the efficacy and role of blood glucose self monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes is mirrored in patients' own accounts. Patients tended not to act on their self monitoring results, in part because of a lack of education about the appropriate response to readings. Health professionals should be explicit about whether and when such patients should self monitor and how they should interpret and act upon the results, especially high readings.
authors.affiliation: Psychology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET. e.a.peel@aston.ac.uk
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peel
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lawton
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D024382:Professional Role
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose