Fertility preservation in gynecologic cancers.
OBJECTIVE
This review focuses on the current options for fertility preservation in young women facing the risk of premature ovarian failure and infertility as a sequel to the treatment of gynecologic cancer.


RESULTS
There is a wide range of options to preserve fertility. Embryo freezing is the most established method and the success rate of in-vitro fertilization using frozen-thawed embryos now approaches that of using fresh embryos. Success rates with oocyte cryopreservation are on the rise and begin to approach that of embryo freezing. Exposure to high levels of estrogen during ovarian stimulation can be minimized by utilizing aromatase inhibitors in women with estrogen-sensitive cancers undergoing embryo or oocyte cryopreservation. Ovarian-tissue cryopreservation is used to preserve fertility in children and in patients with time restraints; however, the number of reported cases is very small. Likewise, in-vitro maturation and xenografting are experimental and their potential to preserve fertility remains to be determined.


CONCLUSIONS
A number of fertility-preservation techniques have been developed and many others are in the experimental stages. Consistent with recent ASCO clinical guidelines, all young individuals with gynecologic cancer should be counseled about the available fertility preservation techniques.
Oktay
Kutluk
K
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA. koktay@fertilitypreservation.org
Sönmezer
Murat
M
D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*