title: Controlled release systems to prevent the agro-environmental pollution derived from pesticide use.
abstract: Different controlled release formulations (CRFs) of isoproturon, imidacloprid and cyromazine have been studied to contribute to diminish, somehow, the problems related to the application of conventional formulations. The alginate-based CRFs were based on sodium alginate (1.90%), Technical grade (TG) isoproturon or imidacloprid (1.20%), natural bentonite (3.30%), and water (93.6%), and the lignin-based CRF was based on kraft lignin (50.0%) and TG cyromazine (50.0%). The mobility of non-formulated TG pesticides and CRFs were compared by using soil columns. The use of CRFs retard release and reduce the presence of pesticides in the leachate and, moreover, the pesticides stay in the soil longer. Sorption capacity of the soil for pesticides was measured using batch experiments. The results obtained (11.67 mg kg(- 1) for isoproturon, 3.17 mg kg(- 1) for imidacloprid and 0.63 mg kg(-1) for cyromazine) were in agreement with those obtained under dynamic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Almería, Almería, Spain. mfernand@ual.es
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández-Pérez
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014227:Triazines; C082359:imidacloprid; C028904:isoproturon; D008031:Lignin; C028704:cyromazine