title: Penetration of gatifloxacin eye drops into the aqueous humor in humans.
abstract: The authors topically administered gatifloxacin (GFLX) into the eye before cataract surgery and measured the concentrations of this agent to determine its penetration into aqueous humor. Seventy-seven patients with age-related cataracts who underwent cataract surgery were enrolled in this study. They received 0.3% GFLX ophthalmic solution 4 times at 30-min intervals, beginning 2 h before surgery. Aqueous humor was aspirated from the anterior chamber and assayed for GFLX concentration using high-performance liquid chromatography. The mean intraoperative GFLX concentration in aqueous humor was 0.485 +/- 0.328 microg/mL. GFLX level was 0.573 +/- 0.367 microg/mL in elderly patients, at least 70 years of age, and was significantly higher than that (0.322 +/- 0.135 microg/mL) in the patients less than 70 years old. This concentration was close to or higher than the minimum inhibitory concentrations required to inhibit the growth of 90% of major pathogens of endophthalmitis (MIC90), such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis associated with poor prognosis, other than Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) in vitro. The GFLX concentrations found in aqueous humor samples were sufficient to kill bacteria other than S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa, and MRSA in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Yokosuka Chuoh Eye Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teshigawara
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hitoi
authors.forename: Nobuhisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mizuki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002386:Cataract / Q000378:metabolism; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D000077734:Gatifloxacin; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D000077734:Gatifloxacin