title: Pulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can affect the lung in multiple ways. All components of the respiratory system, including the pleura, pulmonary parenchyma, airways, vessels, and respiratory muscles can be involved in various degrees at some time in the disease course and contribute to its morbidity and mortality. This article reviews the clinical symptoms, imaging techniques, histopathology, prognosis, and treatment of pulmonary manifestations of SLE and the related disorder mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), from a historical perspective and with regard to new insights into pathogenesis and therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA.
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Memet
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ginzler
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications*; D008947:Mixed Connective Tissue Disease / Q000150:complications; D010995:Pleural Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy