title: Transcriptional regulation of the androgen receptor cofactor androgen receptor trapped clone-27.
abstract: Cofactors modulate nuclear receptor activity and impact human health and disease, yet surprisingly little is known about their transcriptional regulation. Androgen receptor trapped clone-27 (ART-27) is a cofactor that binds to androgen receptor (AR) amino terminus and modulates AR-dependent transcription. Interestingly, ART-27 displays both a cell type- and developmental stage-specific expression pattern. However, the cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors affecting ART-27 gene expression have not been elucidated. We found that ART-27 gene expression is repressed and its promoter is histone H3-K27 tri-methylated in human embryonic kidney cells, but not prostate cells, and the histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A, relieves this inhibition. The DNA response elements that control the induction of ART-27 gene expression were also characterized. The major cis-acting element corresponds to a consensus cAMP-responsive element (CRE) and binds the CRE-binding protein (CREB) as shown by EMSA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Furthermore, ART-27 promoter activity is induced upon CREB overexpression. Epidermal growth factor, which activates CREB via phosphorylation, also induces ART-27 expression, whereas a reduction in CREB phosphorylation or expression blocks this induction in prostate cells. In human prostate development, both epithelial and stromal cells express CREB; however, active phosphorylated CREB is restricted to epithelial cells where ART-27 is expressed. Based on these findings, we propose a transcriptional regulatory circuit for the developmental expression of ART-27 that includes repression by chromatin modification through a trichostatin A-sensitive factor and activation upon growth factor stimulation via CREB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Jerome C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nwachukwu
authors.forename: Wenhui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Inés
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pineda-Torra
authors.forename: Hong Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruoff
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Samir S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Taneja
authors.forename: Susan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Logan
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Garabedian
mesh_terms: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010768:Phosphoserine / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011467:Prostate / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D020218:Response Elements; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D006657:Histones; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C118920:UXT protein, human; D010768:Phosphoserine