title: Analysis and residue levels of forchlorfenuron (CPPU) in watermelons.
abstract: This paper describes the application of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) for analysis of residues of forchlorfenuron (CPPU), a new plant growth regulator, in watermelons, after a sample preparation step based on the buffered Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe extraction method. Analytical determinations were carried out in a triple quadrupole system fitted with an electrospray interphase operating in the positive ionisation mode (ESI+). Three simultaneous MS-MS transitions of the quasi-molecular ion m/z 248 (precursor ion) were monitored for data acquisition (248 > 129, 248 > 155, and 248 > 248), using the transition 248 > 129 for quantitation. Recovery studies on watermelons at levels of 1-200 microg/kg, performing five replicates at each level and using bracketing single-level calibration with matrix-matched standards for quantitation, gave forchlorfenuron mean recoveries ranging from 82 to 106% with relative standard deviations (RSD) lower than 18%. The limit of determination was established at 1 microg/kg. The method was applied to evaluate the persistence of forchlorfenuron residues in watermelons grown in plastic greenhouses, after applying an individual spray treatment to the flower ovary at the anthesis stage (45 mu g/flower and 60 mu g/flower for cv "Extazy" and cv "reina de corazones" watermelons, respectively). One month after treatment, 20 "Extazy" watermelon units (1.5-2 kg/unit) and 20 "Reina de corazones" watermelon units (4-5 kg/unit) were collected and analyzed individually. None of the samples contained forchlorfenuron residues higher than 1 microg/kg.
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Residue Research Group, University of Almería, Almería, Spain. avalverd@ual.es
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valverde
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Piedra
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguilera
authors.forename: Mourad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boulaid
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Camacho
mesh_terms: D029773:Citrullus / Q000737:chemistry*; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000032:analysis*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000032:analysis*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D011725:Pyridines; C116093:N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea