title: Membrane electrodes for determination of some beta-blocker drugs.
abstract: Five poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix membrane electrodes responsive to the beta-blockers atenolol (AT), bisoprolol fumarate (BI), timolol maleate (TI), and levobunolol HCl (LV) were developed and characterized. A precipitation-based technique with ammonium reineckate anion as an electroactive material in PVC matrix with AT, BI, TI, and LV cations was used for fabrication of Electrodes 1-4, respectively. Electrode 5 fabrication was based on precipitation of LV cation with tungstophosphate anion as an electroactive material. Fast and stable Nernstian responses at 1 x 10(-2)-1 x 10(-7) M for different beta-blockers over the pH range of 2-8 were found for these electrodes, which were evaluated according to International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry recommendations. The method was successively applied for the determination of beta-blockers in their pharmaceutical formulations. Validation of the method according to quality assurance standards showed the suitability of the proposed electrodes for use in the quality control assessment of these drugs. The recoveries for the determination of the beta-blocker drugs by the 5 proposed selective electrodes were 100.1 +/- 0.7, 99.9 +/- 0.8, 100.0 +/-1.1, 100.5 +/- 1.1, and 100.6 +/- 0.7% for Sensors 1-5, respectively. Statistical comparison between the results obtained by this method and the official method of the drugs was performed and no significant difference was found.
authors.affiliation: Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, Kasr-El-Aini 11562, Cairo, Egypt. nesreenkhamees@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nesrin K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Ramadan
authors.forename: Hala E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Zaazaa
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000032:analysis*; D000838:Anions / Q000737:chemistry; D017298:Bisoprolol / Q000737:chemistry; D002412:Cations; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods; D004566:Electrodes; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D002040:Levobunolol / Q000737:chemistry; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013861:Thiocyanates / Q000737:chemistry; D013999:Timolol / Q000737:chemistry; D014414:Tungsten / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000838:Anions; D002412:Cations; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D013861:Thiocyanates; C001818:Reinecke Salt; D013999:Timolol; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D002040:Levobunolol; D014414:Tungsten; D017298:Bisoprolol