title: The effect of migration to the United States on substance use disorders among returned Mexican migrants and families of migrants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the association between substance use disorders and migration to the United States in a nationally representative sample of the Mexican population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the World Mental Health version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview to conduct structured, computer-assisted, face-to-face interviews with a cross-sectional sample of household residents aged 18 to 65 years who lived in Mexico in cities with a population of at least 2500 people in 2001 and 2002. The response rate was 76.6%, with 5826 respondents interviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respondents who had migrated to the United States and respondents who had family members who migrated in the United States were more likely to have used alcohol, marijuana, or cocaine at least once in their lifetime; to develop a substance use disorder; and to have a current (in the past 12 months) substance use disorder than were other Mexicans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  International migration appears to play a large role in transforming substance use norms and pathology in Mexico. Future studies should examine how networks extending over international boundaries influence substance use.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Psychiatry and the Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico. guibor@imp.edu.mx
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Maria Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Medina-Mora
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Breslau
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Gaxiola
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004522:Educational Status; D004641:Emigration and Immigration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States