title: Use of multitoxin immunoaffinity columns for determination of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in ginseng and ginger.
abstract: Conditions were optimized for the simultaneous, alkaline, aqueous methanol extraction of aflatoxins (AFL), i.e., B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1), and G2 (AFG2), and ochratoxin A (OTA) with subsequent purification, isolation, and determination of the toxins in ginseng and ginger. Powdered roots were extracted with methanol-0.5% NaHCO3 solution (7 + 3). After shaking and centrifugation, the supernatant was diluted with 100 mM phosphate buffer containing 1% Tween 20 and filtered through glass microfiber filter paper. The filtrate was then passed through an immunoaffinity column, and the toxins were eluted with methanol. The AFL were separated and determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) with fluorescence detection after postcolumn UV photochemical derivatization. OTA was separated and determined by RPLC with fluorescence detection. Recoveries of AFL added at 2-16 ng/g and OTA added at 1-8 ng/g to ginseng were 72-80 and 86-95%, respectively. Recoveries of AFL and OTA added to ginger were similar to those for ginseng. A total of 39 commercially available ginger products from 6 manufacturers were analyzed. Twenty-six samples were found to be contaminated with AFL at 1-31 ng/g and 29 samples, with OTA at 1-10 ng/g. Ten samples contained no AFL or OTA. Ten ginseng finished products were also analyzed; 3 contained AFL at 0.1 ng/g and 4 contained OTA at levels ranging from 0.4 to 1.8 ng/g. LC/tandem mass spectrometry with multiple-reaction monitoring of 3 collisionally induced product ions from the protonated molecular ions of OTA, AFB1, and AFG1 was used to confirm the identities of the toxins in extracts of the finished products.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Park, MD 20740, USA. mary.trucksess@fda.hhs.gov
authors.forename: Mary W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Trucksess
authors.forename: Carol M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: Carolyn J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Oles
authors.forename: Lydia V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Rump
authors.forename: Kevin D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Betz
authors.forename: Jeanne I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Rader
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D002498:Centrifugation; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange / Q000379:methods*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000378:metabolism*; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D005894:Panax / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D012997:Solvents; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D009793:Ochratoxins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; C025589:ochratoxin A