title: Outcomes after 10 years of a community-based flexible sigmoidoscopy screening program for colorectal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcomes 10 years after a flexible sigmoidoscopy colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program in asymptomatic average-risk individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1995, a program of flexible sigmoidoscopy-based screening of asymptomatic average-risk individuals aged 55-64 years was established at Fremantle Hospital, Western Australia. Insertion depths, pathological findings and subject-rated pain scores have been prospectively recorded. A follow-up flexible sigmoidoscopy examination was offered to attendees 5 years after the initial screening. Post-screening malignancies were determined by linkage with the Western Australian Cancer Registry in September 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Yield of neoplasia at initial and follow-up sigmoidoscopy, and the incidence of CRC detected after screening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1995 and 2005, 3402 people underwent an initial flexible sigmoidoscopy screening examination (mean age, 60 years; women, 41%) and 1025 had a 5-year recall examination. Mean insertion depth was greater in men than women (60 cm v 52 cm, P<0.001). The insertion depth in women was more likely to be <40 cm (17% v 6%, P<0.001). Mean pain score was 2.9 for men and 4.0 for women (P<0.001). Fourteen per cent of initial screenings detected at least one adenoma. Over a mean follow-up time of 8 years, invasive CRC was detected by flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in 0.4% of participants; 0.7% of those with a normal result of screening later developed CRC, with 75% of these found proximal to the splenic flexure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flexible sigmoidoscopy is a viable screening method, with well defined utility and limitations, for CRC screening of asymptomatic people with average risk.
authors.affiliation: Endoscopy Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, and School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia. charliev@iinet.net.au
authors.forename: Charlie H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Viiala
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Olynyk
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012812:Sigmoidoscopy; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology