title: Effectiveness of Leukocyte Immunotherapy in Primary Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion (RSA)
abstract: Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as three or more sequential abortions before the twentieth week of gestation. There are evidences to support an allo-immunologic mechanism for RSA. One of the methods for treatment of RSA is leukocyte therapy; however there is still controversy about effectiveness of this method.
  
  
  
  To evaluate the effectiveness of leukocyte therapy for treatment of RSA.
  
  
  
  Ninety two non-pregnant women with at least three sequential abortions (60 primary & 32 secondary aborters) recognized as RSA were referred to our Laboratory for immunotherapy. All the cases were immunized by isolated lymphocytes from their husbands. Fifty to 100 million washed and resuspended mononuclear cells were injected by I.V., S.C., and I.D. route. The result of each injection was checked by WBC cross matching between couples after four weeks of injections. Immunization was repeated in fifth week to a maximum of 3 times if needed. Eighty one age-matched non-pregnant RSA women (52 primary and 29 secondary aborters) with at least three sequential abortions were also included in this study as controls. The control group was not immunized.
  
  
  
  67 out of 92 (72.8%) immunized cases and 44 out of 81 controls (54.3%) showed a successful outcome of pregnancy (p<0.02). Comparison of primary and secondary aborters indicated a significantly better outcome only in primary (75% vs. 42.3%. p<0.001) but not in secondary aborters (68.8% vs. 75.9%, p = 0.7).
  
  
  
  The present investigation showed the effectiveness of leukocyte therapy in primary but not in secondary RSA patients. Despite the current controversy and limitation of leukocyte therapy in RSA, the results of our investigation provide evidence supporting the use of allo-immunization in improving the outcome of pregnancy in primary RSA patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. gharesifb@sums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Behrouz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gharesi-Fard
authors.forename: Jaleh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zolghadri
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Foroughinia
authors.forename: Fahimeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tavazoo
authors.forename: Alamtaj
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samsami Dehaghani
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017710:Lymphocyte Transfusion; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D018454:Spouses