title: Nuclear factor-kB tumor expression predicts response and survival in irinotecan-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab-irinotecan therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  NF-kB expression has been shown to be responsible for resistance to antineoplastic agents and it also plays a part in the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor downstream signaling pathway in colorectal tumors. The aim of our analysis was to investigate a correlation between NF-kB expression, response rate, time to progression, and survival in advanced colorectal cancer patients receiving cetuximab and irinotecan.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed retrospectively the immunoreactivity for NF-kB in irinotecan-refractory patients receiving cetuximab and irinotecan. Results Seventy-six patients were analyzed. Cetuximab and irinotecan were administered as second-line chemotherapy in 19 patients and after > or = two lines of chemotherapy in the remaining 57 patients. We observed a partial response (PR) in 16 patients for an overall response rate of 24%. Thirty-two patients (48%) experienced progressive disease; median time to progression (TTP) was 3.6 months and median overall survival was 10.3 months. NF-kB was positive in 46 patients (60%). All main clinical characteristics were well balanced between NF-kB-positive and NF-kB-negative patients. The response rate was 10% (four PRs) versus 48% (12 PRs; P = .0007) in NF-kB-positive and NF-kB-negative tumors, respectively. Median TTP in NF-kB-positive patients was 3 v 6.4 months in the remaining patients (P = .021). Median overall survival was 9.5 v 15.8 months for NF-kB-positive and NF-kB-negative patients, respectively (P = .036)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The difference in median TTP, overall survival, and response rate seem to confirm that NF-kB may play a crucial role in predicting the efficacy of cetuximab and irinotecan in advanced colorectal tumors.
authors.affiliation: Clinica di Oncologia Medica and Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scartozzi
authors.forename: Italo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bearzi
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pierantoni
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mandolesi
authors.forename: Fotios
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Loupakis
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zaniboni
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: Antonello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quadri
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zorzi
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berardi
authors.forename: Tommasina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Biscotti
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Labianca
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falcone
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cascinu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000068818:Cetuximab; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D018450:Disease Progression; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000209:etiology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D000077146:Irinotecan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000077146:Irinotecan; D000068818:Cetuximab; D002166:Camptothecin