title: Prevalence and predictive factors of eosinophilic esophagitis in patients presenting with dysphagia: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is an increasingly recognized cause of dysphagia. We prospectively assessed the prevalence of EE using midesophageal biopsies in patients presenting with no endoscopically evident cause of dysphagia. We also aimed to determine the clinical and endoscopic factors predictive of EE in outpatients undergoing endoscopy for dysphagia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatients (18-60 yr of age) undergoing endoscopy for dysphagia at Mayo Clinic, Rochester between June 2005 and June 2006 were enrolled. Patients completed the validated Mayo Dysphagia Questionnaire (MDQ). Biopsies were obtained from the midesophagus if there was no endoscopically evident cause of dysphagia or there were endoscopic findings suggestive of EE. EE was defined as the presence of >20 eosinophils/high-power field. Logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of EE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 376 patients enrolled, 238 (63%) completed the MDQ and 222 (59%) had midesophageal biopsies; 33 (15%, 95% CI 6%-12%) had EE by biopsy. Ten of 102 (9.8%) patients who appeared endoscopically normal had EE by biopsy, while 8 of 21 (38%) patients with endoscopic changes suggestive of EE had EE on biopsy. Predictors of EE were younger age, endoscopic features suggestive of EE, absence of use of proton pump inhibitors, and a history of any food impaction for greater than 5 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Midesophageal biopsies from normal-appearing mucosa should be obtained in all patients with unexplained solid food dysphagia; this may diagnose EE in about one in 10 cases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GI Epidemiology/Outcomes Research Unit, Department of Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Ganapathy A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Talley
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Amindra S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: Lori A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kryzer
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Smyrk
authors.forename: Jeffery A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Alexander
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires