title: Francisella philomiragia subsp. noatunensis subsp. nov., isolated from farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.).
abstract: Seven bacterial isolates from farmed Atlantic cod displaying chronic granulomatous disease were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. The isolates were Gram-negative, facultatively intracellular, non-motile, strictly aerobic coccobacilli which produced H(2)S from cysteine-supplemented media and are therefore phenotypically consistent with members of the genus Francisella. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences and six partial housekeeping gene sequences (groEL, shdA, rpoB, rpoA, pgm and atpA) confirmed the organism as a member of the genus Francisella, with Francisella philomiragia as its closest relative (99.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 92.2-99.0 % housekeeping gene sequence similarity). Despite the close relationship with F. philomiragia, isolates from Atlantic cod could be readily distinguished phenotypically and genetically from F. philomiragia ATCC 25015(T). DNA-DNA hybridization studies revealed a mean reassociation value of 68 %. Thus, on the basis of phenotypic and molecular genetic evidence, we propose that the strains isolated from Atlantic cod should be recognized as Francisella philomiragia subsp. noatunensis subsp. nov. with the type strain 2005/50/F292-6C(T) (=NCIMB 14265(T)=LMG 23800(T)). Francisella philomiragia ATCC 25015(T) (=DSM 735(T)) is reclassified as Francisella philomiragia subsp. philomiragia subsp. nov.
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mikalsen
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Institute, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tengs
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Colquhoun
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D005603:Francisella / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D048389:Gadus morhua / Q000382:microbiology*; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006105:Granulomatous Disease, Chronic / Q000382:microbiology*; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010802:Phylogeny; D011809:Quinones / Q000032:analysis; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005227:Fatty Acids; D011809:Quinones; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide