title: Efficacy of the CathRite system to guide bedside placement of peripherally inserted central venous catheters in critically ill patients: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of the CathRite system as a tool to guide clinicians in placement of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) into the superior vena cava (SVC) in critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomised, parallel controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  three8 critically ill patients (mean APACHE II score, 16.6) in a mixed medical and surgical intensive care unit from 200four to 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomised to receive PICC placement using either the CathRite system or a standard "blind" technique (control). Peripheral vein cannulation was performed for both groups under ultrasound monitoring, and the PICC was placed using the modified Seldinger technique, with position confirmed using standard chest x-ray.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proportion of PICCs guided into the SVC; placement into the lower third of the SVC; and time to complete placement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between groups in sex distribution or age (CathRite: 12 men, 7 women; mean age +/- SEM, 61.1 +/- 3.4 years; control: 15 men, 4 women; 55.9 +/- 4.7 years). The PICC was successfully guided into the SVC in 19 patients (100%) in the CathRite group, compared with 14 (74%) in the control group (P < 0.05). Placement of catheters into the lower third of the SVC was achieved in 14 patients (74%) in the CathRite group, compared with eight (42%) in the control group (P < 0.05). Time to completion of catheter insertion was 31.4 +/- 16.2 minutes in the CathRite group compared with 24.6 +/- 14.5 minutes in the control group (P = 0.18).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CathRite system enabled placement of PICCs into the SVC from peripheral insertion sites and avoided ectopic placements that occurred with the blind technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Simon J  G
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hockley
authors.forename: Vida
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Marianne J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Creed
authors.forename: Donald P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Chorley
authors.forename: Desmond B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de M Tippett
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy; D004864:Equipment and Supplies / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome