title: Loss of cervical endplate integrity following minimal surface preparation.
abstract: METHODS
  In vitro biomechanical study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This biomechanical study was designed to evaluate the loss of endplate integrity with incremental removal of the endplate.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The position of the anterior cervical motion preserving prosthesis is very important. Unlike interbody bone graft, where a certain amount of settling is tolerable and potentially advantageous with respect to the fusion rate, a settled total disc replacement will not function properly and may dislodge. Partial or aggressive endplate removal may be a factor resulting in subsidence of an interbody device. This study was designed to precisely examine the change of endplate strength following precise burring of the surface.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight human cadaver cervical spines (C3-C7) were dissected and 6 locations on the endplates from each vertebra were biomechanically tested using an indentation test protocol. Pairs of locations were randomly assigned to be burred to the depth of 0 mm (intact), 1 mm, or 2 mm before the testing using a flat 3-mm end mill. Strength of the endplate was statistically analyzed to examine the effect of the depth of the burr and any regional variations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences (P < 0.0001) in endplate strength was noted between the intact endplate (106 +/- 86 N) and burred endplates (1 mm depth, 59 +/- 49 N; 2 mm depth, 51 +/- 46 N). No significant differences existed between the burr depths of 1 and 2 mm (P = 0.21). The posterior endplate was significantly stronger than the anterior endplate irrespective of depth of burr.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a significant loss of endplate integrity when 1 mm of endplate (44% loss) or 2 mm of endplate (52% loss) is removed. Although the implant interface plays an important role in the magnitude of the subsidence of a device, this study in general shows that the endplate is important in terms of maximizing the strength of a construct.
authors.affiliation: Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, ChiaYi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chin-Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Nathaniel R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Ordway
authors.forename: Xingkai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yen-Mou
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Huang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Amir H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Fayyazi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density; D002102:Cadaver; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D019245:Compressive Strength; D017586:Diskectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*