title: Perinatal hypoxia induces subsequent retinal degeneration in the offspring of ovoviviparous fish, Xiphophorous maculates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This experiment evaluated the perinatal hypoxic effect on the retina of offspring of the ovoviviparous fish.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ovoviviparous fish Xiphophorous maculates was used for the experiment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mothers were kept in a hypoxic environment of 3.5% oxygen for 6 h, starting 30 h before hatching. Subsequently, the retinae of the offspring were fixed, sectioned at 6 microm and evaluated microscopically from the age of 1 to 35 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Degeneration of the outer nuclear layer of the retina was noted on the 3rd day and severe retinal degeneration was observed on the 35th day. Immunocytochemistry confirmed apoptosis by TUNEL reaction. There was no difference in neovascularization, as revealed by vascular endothelial growth factor, between controls (group 1) and hypoxic fish (group 2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perinatal hypoxia could have long-lasting effects on the central nervous system in some species.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cell Biology, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lan-Hai
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Ji-Cheng
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Maria Sen Mun
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wai
authors.forename: Wai Ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: E Lucy
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Ma-Rong
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Yew
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D003532:Cyprinodontiformes; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling / Q000662:veterinary; D011897:Random Allocation; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D015861:Retinal Neovascularization / Q000662:veterinary; D013045:Species Specificity; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors