title: Common diagnoses and treatments in professional voice users.
abstract: Common problems among all patients seen by the laryngologist are also common among professional voice users. These include laryngopharyngeal reflux, muscle tension dysphonia, fibrovascular vocal fold lesions (eg, nodules and polyps), cysts, vocal fold scarring, changes in vocal fold mobility, and age-related changes. Microvascular lesions and their associated sequelae of vocal fold hemorrhage and laryngitis due to voice overuse are more common among professional voice users. Much more common among professional voice users is the negative impact that voice problems have on their ability to work, on their overall sense of well-being, and sometimes on their very sense of self. This article reviews the diagnosis and treatment options for these and other problems among professional voice users, describing the relevant roles of medical treatment, voice therapy, and surgery. The common scenario of multiple concomitant entities contributing to a symptom complex is underscored. Emphasis is placed on gaining insight into the "whole" patient so that individualized management plans can be developed. Videos of select diagnoses accompany this content online.
authors.affiliation: Division of Laryngology, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ramon.franco@meei.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Ramon A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Jennifer G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Andrus
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000150:complications; D009129:Muscle Tonus; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000098:blood supply; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*