title: Long-term effect of municipal solid waste amendment on microbial abundance and humus-associated enzyme activities under semiarid conditions.
abstract: Microbial ecology is the key to understanding the function of soil biota for organic matter cycling after a single amendment of organic waste in semiarid soils. Therefore, in this paper, the long-term effect (17 years) of adding different doses of a solid municipal waste to an arid soil on humus-enzyme complexes, a very stable and long-lasting fraction of soil enzymes, as well as on microbial and plant abundance, was studied. Humic substances were extracted by 0.1 M pH 7 sodium pyrophosphate from soil samples collected in experimental plots amended with different doses of a solid municipal waste (0, 65, 130, 195, and 260 t/ha) 17 years before. The activity of different hydrolases related with the C (beta-glucosidase), N (urease), and P (alkaline phosphatase) cycles and with the formation of humic substances (o-diphenol oxidase) were determined in this extract. The density and diversity of plant cover in the plots, as well as the fungal and bacterial biomass (by analyzing phopholipid fatty acids) were also determined. In general, the amended plots showed greater humic substance-related enzymatic activity than the unamended plots. This activity increased with the dose but only up to a certain level, above which it leveled off or even diminished. Plant diversity and cover density followed the same trend. Fungal and bacterial biomass also benefited in a dose-dependent manner. Different signature molecules representing gram+ and gram- bacteria, and those corresponding to monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids showed a similar behavior. The results demonstrate that organic amendment had a noticeable long-term effect on the vegetal development, humic substances-related enzyme activity and on the development of bacteria and fungi in semiarid conditions.
authors.affiliation: CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain. felipebastida@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bastida
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kandeler
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001419:Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D018533:Biomass; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D004875:Ergosterol / Q000737:chemistry; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D005658:Fungi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000382:microbiology*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006812:Humic Substances; D010743:Phospholipids; D012987:Soil; D004875:Ergosterol