title: Predicting eruptions at mount st. Helens, june 1980 through december 1982.
abstract: Thirteen eruptions of Mount St. Helens between June 1980 and December 1982 were predicted tens of minutes to, more generally, a few hours in advance. The last seven of these eruptions, starting with that of mid-April 1981, were predicted between 3 days and 3 weeks in advance. Precursory seismicity, deformation of the crater floor and the lava dome, and, to a lesser extent, gas emissions provided telltale evidence of forthcoming eruptions. The newly developed capability for prediction reduced risk to life and property and influenced land-use decisions.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Casadevall
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dzurisin
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Newhall
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Weaver