title: Fungitoxicity of lyophilized and spray-dried garlic extracts.
abstract: Among the compounds discussed for anti-microbial and anti-fungal use allicin (allylthiosulfinate, diallyl disulfide-S-monoxide), an active ingredient of garlic, has attracted considerable attention. The objective of this study is to determine the antifungal activity of a local garlic ecotype (Voghiera) extracts against different pathogens. Primary screening was carried out by the agar plates technique using ethanol garlic extract at four final concentrations against the following organisms: Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus spp., Colletotrichum acutatum, Didymella bryoniae, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium gramineareum, Gliocladium roseum 47, Pythium splendens, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Stemphylium vesicarium, Trichoderma longibranchiatum, and Botrytis cinerea. Secondary screening was carried out using a lyophilized and a spray-dried preparation at different concentrations against the organisms selected for the high inhibition garlic effect in the primary screening and compared with the commercial fungicides mancozeb and iprodione. The best results were observed for the spray-dried garlic compound that showed a good fungicidal activity at the concentration of 1.5 g/10 mL while lyophilized garlic at the same concentration exhibited less inhibition activity against the four fungi analyzed in the second screening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tedeschi
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maietti
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boggian
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vecchiati
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brandolini
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004220:Disulfides; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005612:Freeze Drying; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013441:Sulfinic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004220:Disulfides; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013441:Sulfinic Acids; C006452:allicin