title: Upregulation of the ligand-RAGE pathway via the angiotensin II type I receptor is essential in the pathogenesis of diabetic atherosclerosis.
abstract: The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) have been separately linked to the pathogenesis of diabetic atherosclerosis. However, no prior study has addressed a linkage between RAGE and AT1R in diabetic atherogenesis. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that upregulation of the ligand-RAGE axis via AT1R is an essential process underlying the disease. Diabetes was induced in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice by streptozotocin, and diabetic mice were treated with AT1 receptor blocker (ARB) for 6 weeks. Diabetic ApoE(-/-) mice that were AT1R-deficient (ApoE(-/-)AT1aR(-/-)) were also investigated. In diabetic ApoE(-/-) mice, AT1R was found to increase within 1 week of diabetes induction, before ligand-RAGE pathway activation and other inflammatory changes were observed. Both ARB treatment and AT1aR deficiency suppressed diabetic atherosclerosis, ligand-RAGE expression and inflammatory changes. In contrast, upregulation of the ligand-RAGE pathway was noted in atherosclerotic plaques from non-diabetic ApoE(-/-) mice infused with angiotensin II. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, angiotensin II increased RAGE protein levels via AT1R stimulation. Upregulation of the ligand-RAGE pathway via AT1R is an essential mechanism in diabetic atherosclerosis, implying that ARB might decrease diabetic atherogenesis by inhibiting ligand-RAGE signals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ihara
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Egashira
authors.forename: Kaku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Kisho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtani
authors.forename: Mitsuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Jun-ichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gang
authors.forename: Sho-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sunagawa
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C119712:Agtrap protein, mouse; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic