title: Discriminating healthy from tumor and necrosis tissue in rat brain tissue samples by Raman spectral imaging.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate molecular changes associated with glioma tissues by Raman microspectroscopy in order to develop its use in clinical practice. Spectroscopic markers obtained from C6 glioma tissues were compared to conventional histological and histochemical techniques. Cholesterol and phospholipid contents were highest in corpus callosum and decreased gradually towards the cortex surface as well as in the tumor. Two different necrotic areas have been identified: a fully necrotic zone characterized by the presence of plasma proteins and a peri-necrotic area with a high lipid content. This result was confirmed by Nile Red staining. Additionally, one structure was detected in the periphery of the tumor. Invisible with histopathological hematoxylin and eosin staining, it was revealed by immunohistochemical Ki-67 and MT1-MMP staining used to visualize the proliferative and invasive activities of glioma, respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis on the only cluster averaged spectra showed a clear distinction between normal, tumoral, necrotic and edematous tissues. Raman microspectroscopy can discriminate between healthy and tumoral brain tissue and yield spectroscopic markers associated with the proliferative and invasive properties of glioblastoma. Development of in vivo Raman spectroscopy could thus accurately define tumor margins, identify tumor remnants, and help in the development of novel therapies for glioblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Unité MéDIAN, CNRS-UMR 6142, UFR de Pharmacie, IFR 53, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amharref
authors.forename: Abdelilah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beljebbar
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dukic
authors.forename: Lydie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Venteo
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pluot
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manfait
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology*; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005910:Glioma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D053511:Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 / Q000032:analysis; D009336:Necrosis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D008055:Lipids; D053511:Matrix Metalloproteinase 14