title: Standard preoxygenation vs two techniques in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preoxygenation is recommended in pediatric anesthesia but it has been poorly assessed. Fractional expired oxygen concentration (F(ET)O(2)) is a preoxygenation monitor. The aim of this prospective study in children was to compare three techniques of preoxygenation by the measurement of F(ET)O(2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty children (6-15 years) were included. F(ET)O(2) was measured with the child in a supine position, holding the face mask. The F(ET)O(2) value was measured after 3 min of calm breathing of room air (baseline) and during the three preoxygenation techniques performed in random order: 3 min of tidal volume breathing using an O(2) flow of 9 l x min(-1) (TV x 3 min)--four deep breaths within 30 s using an O(2) flow of 15 l x min(-1) (4 DB)--eight deep breaths within 1 min using an O(2) flow of 15 l x min(-1) (8 DB). Between each technique, at least 5 min breathing room air was allowed to return to baseline F(ET)O(2). Fisher's exact test was used and P < 0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty children were studied (age: 11.5 +/- 3 years, weight: 42 +/- 21 kg). The F(ET)O(2) > or = 90% was found to be 79% in 74 +/- 40 s with TV x 3 min, 11% with 4 DB, and 68% with 8 DB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children, Vt x 3 min is the most efficient preoxygenation technique to reach F(ET)O(2) > or = 90%.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Centre Pédiatrique Gatien-de-Clocheville CHRU de Tours, Tours, France. b.chiron@voila.fr
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chiron
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mas
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrandière
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonnard
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fusciardi
authors.forename: Colette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mercier
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laffon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013990:Tidal Volume
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen