title: Application of low-pressure gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry to the determination of pesticide residues in tropical fruits.
abstract: A multiresidue method has been developed for determining pesticide residues in the tropical fruits kiwi, custard apple, and mango. The intended purpose of the method is for regulatory analyses of commodities for pesticides that have established maximum residue limits. A fast and simple extraction method with cyclohexane-ethyl acetate (1 + 1, v/v) and a high-speed homogenizer was optimized. Pressurized liquid extraction was evaluated as an alternative automated extraction technique. The pesticide residues were determined by using low-pressure gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The proposed methodology was validated for each matrix. Pesticide recoveries ranged from 70 to 110%, with repeatability relative standard deviations of < or = 18% at spiking levels of 12 and 50 microg/kg. The limits of quantitation were in the range of 0.03-6.17 microg/kg, and the limits of detection were between 0.01 and 3.75 microg/kg. Mango can be selected as a representative matrix for calibration on the basis of the results of a potential matrix effect study. The method was successfully applied to the determination of pesticide residues in real samples in Spain.
authors.affiliation: University of Almería, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants," 04071 Almería, Spain.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martínez Vidal
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fernández Moreno
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Arrebola Liébanas
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garrido Frenich
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000032:analysis; D001331:Automation; D002138:Calibration; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange / Q000379:methods; D003510:Cyclohexanes / Q000032:analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination; D005638:Fruit / Q000378:metabolism*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010575:Pesticides; C506365:Cyclohexane; C007650:ethyl acetate