title: The Early Detection of Alcohol Consumption (EDAC) test shows better performance than gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) to detect heavy drinking in a large population of males and females.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study compared the effectiveness of using the Early Detection of Alcohol Consumption (EDAC) test versus gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) to screen for heavy drinking in the general population. Alcohol use was recorded by personal interview; heavy drinking was defined as males drinking 2.5 ounces of alcohol (5 drinks) per day and females drinking 2 ounces (4 drinks) of alcohol daily.
  
  
  METHODS
  The population analyzed consisted of 1,022 males (618 heavy drinkers and 404 light drinkers) and 583 females (203 heavy drinkers and 380 light drinkers). The EDAC used 27 routine laboratory tests; a P-positive value >50% was indicative of heavy drinking. The GGT test used a cutoff of 85 U/L for males and 65 U/L for females.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that 30% of males reporting heavy drinking tested GGT positive compared to 65% who tested EDAC positive. Specificity was 92% for GGT and 89% for EDAC. Assuming 30% heavy drinking in this population, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) for GGT was 0.62 compared to 0.71 for EDAC. For females, the results showed that 23% of those reporting heavy drinking tested GGT positive compared to 34% who tested EDAC positive. Specificity was 94% for GGT and 98% for the EDAC. PPV for GGT was 0.62 compared to 0.88 for EDAC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EDAC test identified twice as many males and 50% more female drinkers than GGT. With higher PPV, the EDAC is a better approach to screen for heavy drinking in both males and females.
authors.affiliation: Alcohol Detection Services, Big Bend, WI, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harasymiw
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bean
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012372:ROC Curve; D013997:Time Factors; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase