title: Increased exposure to statins in patients developing chronic muscle diseases: a 2-year retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Case reports have suggested that lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs), especially statins, could induce or reveal chronic muscle diseases. We conducted a study to evaluate the association between chronic muscle diseases and prior exposure to LLDs.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study of chronic primary muscle disease cases newly diagnosed at the Toulouse University Hospitals between January 2003 and December 2004 among patients living in the Midi-Pyrénées area, France. All patients remained symptomatic for more than 1 year after drug withdrawal, or required drugs for inflammatory myopathy. Data on the patient's exposure to LLDs and to other drugs were compared with that of matched controls (5/1) selected through the Midi-Pyrénées Health Insurance System database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 37 patients were included in the study. Of those, 21 (56.8%) suffered from dermatomyositis (DM) or polymyositis (PM), 12 (32.4%) from genetic myopathy, and 4 (10.8%) from an unclassified disease. The prevalence of exposure to statins was 40.5% in patients and 20% in controls (odds ratio (OR) 2.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-6.14; p<0.01). There was a significant positive interaction between statins and proton pump inhibitors exposure (weighted OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.37-7.54; p = 0.02). Statin exposure rate was 47.6% among patients with DM/PM (OR 3.86, 95% CI 1.30-11.57; p<0.01). There was no difference between patients and controls for exposure to fibrates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who developed chronic muscle diseases after the age of 50, including DM/PM, had a higher than expected frequency of prior exposure to statins. Further studies are needed to confirm this association and the role of proton pump inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Pharmacoepidemiology, EA 3696, Clinical Pharmacology Department, Paul Sabatier University, 37 Allées Jules Guesdes, 31000 Toulouse, France. sailler.l@chu-toulouse.fr
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sailler
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bagheri
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uro-Coste
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Adoue
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fournie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laroche
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zabraniecki
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cintas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arlet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lapeyre-Mestre
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Montastruc
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arlet-Suau
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003882:Dermatomyositis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017285:Polymyositis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors