title: Eruption-triggered avalanche, flood, and lahar at mount st. Helens--effects of winter snowpack.
abstract: An explosive eruption of Mount St. Helens on 19 March 1982 had substantial impact beyond the vent because hot eruption products interacted with a thick snowpack. A blast of hot pumice, dome rocks, and gas dislodged crater-wall snow that avalanched through the crater and down the north flank. Snow in the crater swiftly melted to form a transient lake, from which a destructive flood and lahar swept down the north flank and the North Fork Toutle River.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Waitt
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Pierson
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Macleod
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Janda
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Voight
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Holcomb