title: Preparation and characterization of sodium iron titanate ion exchanger and its application in heavy metal removal from waste waters.
abstract: The ion exchange properties of sodium iron titanates, namely, NaFeTiO(4), Na(2)Fe(2)Ti(6)O(16) and iron-doped sodium nonatitanate were investigated. Conventional solid state and sol-gel methods were used in the synthesis of the sodium iron titanates. Structural characterization of the materials was performed with powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Based on TG analyses, the novel iron-doped sodium nonatitanate was proven to be a member of the layered titanate family. The different sodium iron titanates were compared based on the efficiency in separating Ni from aqueous streams by conducting batch experiments with a batch factor of 1000 ml/g. Iron-doped sodium nonatitanate exhibited the best ion exchange performance compared to the other sodium iron titanates studied. It was found to be selective for nickel over potassium and showed 99% removal efficiency for Ni.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Environmental Chemistry, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kuopio, Patteristonkatu 1, FIN-50100 Mikkeli, Finland.
authors.forename: Marceline N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Akieh
authors.forename: Manu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lahtinen
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Väisänen
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sillanpää
mesh_terms: D007220:Industrial Waste; D007474:Ion Exchange; D007501:Iron; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010087:Oxides; D014025:Titanium; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010087:Oxides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C471701:sodium titanate; C066317:ferryl iron; D014025:Titanium; D007501:Iron