title: Criteria for the electrocardiographic diagnosis of atrial flutter improve diagnostic accuracy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We previously developed and validated diagnostic criteria for the differentiation of atrial flutter from atrial fibrillation. In this study we examine if the criteria (F waves in the frontal plane and a partially or completely regular ventricular response) can improve the diagnostic accuracy of internists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of 10 internists (1 group given the criteria and 1 not) read a set of electrocardiograms (ECGs) selected from the hospital database with cardiologist-confirmed diagnoses of atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or "atrial fibrillation-flutter" (100 each). The final diagnoses of all ECGs were provided by a consensus of electrophysiologists. The criteria also were used to establish the criteria-based diagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 298 ECGs analyzed, the electrophysiologist diagnosis was atrial fibrillation in 71% and atrial flutter in 29%. The concordance of the internists' diagnoses with the electrophysiologist consensus diagnoses was 66+/-12% for those not given the criteria and 81+/-4% (P <.01) for those given the criteria. The concordance of the internists' diagnoses with the criteria based diagnoses was 66+/-12% for those not given the criteria and 83+/-4% (P <.01) for those given the criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The simple criteria of F waves in the frontal plane and a partially or completely regular ventricular response can be used to improve the differentiation of atrial flutter from atrial fibrillation based on the ECG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and the Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Denes
authors.forename: Alan H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kadish
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Goldberger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged