title: Acamprosate attenuates cocaine- and cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acamprosate (calcium acetylhomotaurinate) is a glutamatergic neuromodulator used for the treatment of alcoholism, but its potential efficacy in the treatment of psychostimulant addiction has not been explored.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of acamprosate on cocaine-stimulated locomotor activity, cocaine self-administration, and cue- and cocaine-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  All experiments utilized once-daily treatment for 5 consecutive days. First, the effects of saline or acamprosate (100, 300, or 500 mg/kg intraperitoneally) on body weight were examined. On the last day of treatment, locomotor activity was assessed before and after drug treatment, after which all animals received an acute challenge of cocaine (10 mg/kg). Next, a separate group of rats were trained to intravenously (IV) self-administer cocaine (0.6 mg/kg per infusion), subjected to extinction procedures, and then tested for effects of acamprosate on cue- or cocaine-induced reinstatement. A third group of rats was trained to self-administer cocaine as described above and were treated with saline or acamprosate before daily IV self-administration sessions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repeated administration of 500 mg/kg acamprosate but not lower doses produced reductions in both body weight and spontaneous locomotor activity, and thus this dose was not tested further. Acamprosate at 300 mg/kg but not 100 mg/kg attenuated both cocaine- and cue-induced reinstatement without altering baseline patterns of cocaine self-administration or cocaine-stimulated hyperlocomotion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acamprosate attenuates both drug- and cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior, suggesting that this compound may serve as a potential treatment for preventing relapse in cocaine-addicted humans.
authors.affiliation: Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
authors.forename: M Scott
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.forename: Billy T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jonathan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Megan P H
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.forename: Justin T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Gass
authors.forename: Ronald E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: See
authors.forename: Antonello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonci
authors.forename: Patricia H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Janak
authors.forename: M Foster
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Olive
mesh_terms: D000077443:Acamprosate; D000427:Alcohol Deterrents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects*; D003463:Cues; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005108:Extinction, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012008:Recurrence; D012646:Self Administration; D013654:Taurine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000427:Alcohol Deterrents; D013654:Taurine; D003042:Cocaine; D000077443:Acamprosate