title: Reduction of pain and side effects in the treatment of solar lentigines with pneumatic skin flattening (PSF).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Energy densities utilized in the treatment of pigmented lesions such as solar lentigines with intense pulsed light systems are often limited by pain and post-treatment erythema and edema. The sensation of pain associated with the treatment is immediate and acute. Application of topical anesthesia is time-consuming, with only very moderate pain relief.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  (a) To test pain reduction as well as the reduction of post-treatment erythema and edema when using pneumatic skin flattening (PSF). This new technology utilizes an evacuation chamber to generate skin compression and activates tactile neural receptors in the skin. The result is an afferent inhibition of pain transmission in the dorsal horn (the 'gate theory'). (b) To test the efficacy of PSF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients were treated for solar lentigines. The patients were treated by three different IPLs. The evaluation of acute pain and post-treatment erythema and edema was performed on all 20 patients: one to three sites per patient treated with PSF and the same number of control sites without PSF. Identical energies and IPL were applied to both sites on each patient. The pain evaluation was performed on a 10-level scale modified McGill Pain Questionnaire. The clinical response to treatment was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 20 patients completed the study and preferred the PSF treatment side over the non-PSF side. Substantial pain reduction was observed in 19/20 patients (95%). The average reduction of pain was by two levels, from very painful to very mild pain. Erythema reductions were observed on 14/18 (77%) patients and edema reduction on 8/9 (88%) patients. Treatment efficacy on PSF sites was identical to that of non-PSF sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pneumatic skin flattening (PSF) technology considerably reduces pain, erythema and edema in the treatment of solar lentigines by IPLs. Treatment efficacy is preserved. The enhanced safety of PSF enables the increase of energy density and the acceleration of results.
authors.affiliation: CLDP, Clapiers, France. nathalie-fournier@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elman
mesh_terms: D004890:Erythema / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007911:Lentigo / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012867:Skin; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects*