title: A phase II study of preoperative capecitabine and radiation therapy in patients with rectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of preoperative capecitabine and radiation therapy (RT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum stage >or=T3 or >or=N1 were treated with capecitabine 1330 mg/m per day in 2 divided doses days 1 to 42 and 50.4 Gy of RT in 28 1.8-Gy fractions. Patients with metastatic disease were eligible provided that operative intervention on primary site was anticipated. Surgery resection occurred 4 to 6 weeks after completion of preoperative therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty eligible patients were enrolled at two institutions. Median age and performance status were 62 years and 90%, respectively. Twenty-eight patients (93%) completed combined modality therapy and 27 underwent resection, including 17 abdominal-perineal and 9 low anterior resections. Three of 27 (11%) had pathologic complete response (pCR) with an additional 7 (26%) having minimal residual disease. Two patients who were felt to require abdominal perineal resection prior to combined modality therapy (CMT) were able to have sphincter-sparing surgery. No patients had progression during CMT which precluded surgical resection. Treatment was well tolerated with >or=grade 3 toxicities limited to diarrhea (5 patients), hand-foot syndrome (1 patient), dermatitis (1 patient). Twenty-four patients are living, 18 with no evidence of disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of preoperative capecitabine and RT in patients with LARC has significant antitumor activity, efficacy, and a low toxicity profile.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0934, USA.
authors.forename: Sameer P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Basil F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: El-Rayes
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ben-Josef
authors.forename: Joel K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Greenson
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Knol
authors.forename: Emina H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Kent A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Philip
authors.forename: Cornelius J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: McGinn
authors.forename: Mark M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zalupski
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069287:Capecitabine; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000069287:Capecitabine; D005472:Fluorouracil