title: Arctic oceanic climate in late cenozoic time.
abstract: Faunal and lithologic evidence is used to reconstruct paleoceanographic events over the last 4.5 million years. The inception of perennial sea-ice cover is dated at about 0.7 million years.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hopkins