title: Cytological evidence for population-specific sex chromosome heteromorphism in Palaearctic green toads (Amphibia, Anura).
abstract: A chromosome study was carried out on a number of European and Central Asiatic diploid green toad populations by means of standard and various other chromosome banding and staining methods (Ag-NOR-, Q-, CMA3-, late replicating [LR] banding pattern, C-and sequential C-banding + CMA3 + DAPI). This study revealed the remarkable karyological uniformity of specimens from all populations, with the only exception being specimens from a Moldavian population, where one chromosome pair was heteromorphic. Though similar in shape, size and with an identical heterochromatin distribution,the difference in the heteromorphic pair was due to a large inverted segment on its long arms. This heteromorphism was restricted to females, suggesting a female heterogametic sex chromosome system of ZZ/ZW type at a very early step of differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Naples, Italy. gaetano.odierna@nina.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Odierna
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aprea
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Capriglione
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castellano
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Balletto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D012730:Sex Chromosomes