title: Implications of circulating chromogranin A in prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether measurement of circulating chromogranin A (CgA) levels provides clinicopathological and prognostic information in prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma CgA levels were measured in 57 patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer (stage B or less, n=22; stage C, n=10; stage D1, n=2; hormone-naive D2, n=12; hormone-refractory D2, n=11) and in 22 with undetected prostate cancer using an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median plasma CgA levels were significantly higher in patients with prostate cancer than in those with undetected cancer (p=0.0271). Higher stage (p<0.0001) and higher grade (p=0.0412) tumours were also significantly associated with higher plasma CgA levels. Above-normal CgA levels were also detected in 4/27 patients (15%) who underwent radical prostatectomy. Postoperative clinical failure was not reported in the prostatectomy patients; however, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure was reported in 44% of patients after a median follow-up period of 20.3 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that the pathological stage of the tumour was the only independent predictive variable for postoperative PSA failure (p=0.0494). Preoperative plasma CgA levels had no impact on postoperative PSA failure in the subgroup (prostatectomy patients). Elevated plasma CgA levels were associated with a poor survival prognosis in patients with stage D2 prostate cancer after a median follow-up period of 22.5 months (p=0.0416).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was demonstrated in this study that plasma CgA levels in prostate cancer increase with the severity of the disease, especially for progressive hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC), after hormone therapy. Although this cross-sectional study involved only a small number of patients, we believe that plasma CgA levels may effectively predict HRPC status and prognosis in metastatic cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ooyaguchi Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan. byd04561@nifty.com
authors.forename: Daisaku
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Sadatsugu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minei
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Kenya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hachiya
authors.forename: Nozomu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawata
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D053379:Chromogranin A; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen