title: Calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers versus beta-blockers alone for preventing exercise-induced arrhythmias in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mainstay of therapy for catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is maximal doses of beta-blockers. However, although beta-blockers prevent exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia (VT), most patients continue to have ventricular ectopy during exercise, and some studies report high mortality rates despite beta-blockade.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate whether combining a calcium channel blocker with beta-blockers would prevent ventricular arrhythmias during exercise better than beta-blockers alone since the mutations causing CPVT lead to intracellular calcium overload.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients with CPVT and one with polymorphic VT (PVT) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who had exercise-induced ventricular ectopy despite beta-blocker therapy were studied. Symptom-limited exercise was first performed during maximal beta-blocker therapy and repeated after addition of oral verapamil.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When comparing exercise during beta-blockers with exercise during beta-blockers + verapamil, exercise-induced arrhythmias were reduced: (1) Three patients had nonsustained VT on beta-blockers, and none of them had VT on combination therapy. (2) The number of ventricular ectopics during the whole exercise test went down from 78 +/- 59 beats to 6 +/- 8 beats; the ratio of ventricular ectopic to sinus beats during the 10-second period recorded at the time of the worst ventricular arrhythmia went down from 0.9 +/- 0.4 to 0.2 +/- 0.2. One patient with recurrent spontaneous VT leading to multiple shocks from her implanted cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) despite maximal beta-blocker therapy (14 ICD shocks over 6 months while on beta-blockers) has remained free of arrhythmias (for 7 months) since the addition of verapamil therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary evidence suggests that beta-blockers and calcium blockers could be better than beta-blockers alone for preventing exercise-induced arrhythmias in CPVT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosso
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kalman
authors.forename: Ori
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rogowski
authors.forename: Shmuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diamant
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Birger
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biner
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Belhassen
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Viskin
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013575:Syncope / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000151:congenital / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014700:Verapamil / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002395:Catecholamines; D014700:Verapamil