title: WNT10B functional dualism: beta-catenin/Tcf-dependent growth promotion or independent suppression with deregulated expression in cancer.
abstract: We found aberrant DNA methylation of the WNT10B promoter region in 46% of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 15% of colon cancer samples. Three of 10 HCC and one of two colon cancer cell lines demonstrated low or no expression, and 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine reactivated WNT10B expression with the induction of demethylation, indicating that WNT10B is silenced by DNA methylation in some cancers, whereas WNT10B expression is up-regulated in seven of the 10 HCC cell lines and a colon cancer cell line. These results indicate that WNT10B can be deregulated by either overexpression or silencing in cancer. We found that WNT10B up-regulated beta-catenin/Tcf activity. However, WNT10B-overexpressing cells demonstrated a reduced growth rate and anchorage-independent growth that is independent of the beta-catenin/Tcf activation, because mutant beta-catenin-transduced cells did not suppress growth, and dominant-negative hTcf-4 failed to alleviate the growth suppression by WNT10B. Although WNT10B expression alone inhibits cell growth, it acts synergistically with the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) to stimulate cell growth. WNT10B is bifunctional, one function of which is involved in beta-catenin/Tcf activation, and the other function is related to the down-regulation of cell growth through a different mechanism. We suggest that FGF switches WNT10B from a negative to a positive cell growth regulator.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epigenetic Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirohide
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Yaeko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murase
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shikauchi
authors.forename: Manel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esteller
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei Wang
authors.forename: Curtis C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; C491119:WNT10B protein, human; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin