title: Ethambutol neuroretinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical features of ethambutol neuroretinopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report and meta-analysis of the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  A patient with clinical and electrophysiological findings suggestive of ethambutol neuroretinopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electroretinogram, electro-oculogram and visual fields.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and electrophysiological findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  101 cases were reviewed, retinal findings include retinal pigment epithelial changes, macular edema, flame-shaped hemorrhages. Electroretinogram findings include decreased amplitude and abnormal wave pattern in full field ERG, multifocal or pattern ERG and electro-oculogram findings include abnormal Arden ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical, electrophysiological and in vitro studies support the toxic effect of ethambutol on the retina. Therefore ethambutol ocular toxicity may be a neuroretinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, New Haven, CT 06520-8061, USA.
authors.forename: Setareh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vistamehr
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Ron A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Adelman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004585:Electrooculography; D004596:Electroretinography; D004977:Ethambutol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D008482:Mediastinum; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D014794:Visual Fields
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D004977:Ethambutol