title: The increase of circulating endothelial progenitor cells after acute ischemic stroke is associated with good outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) have been associated with a low cardiovascular risk and may be involved in endothelial cell regeneration. The present study was designed to evaluate the prognostic value of EPC in acute ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight patients with a first-ever nonlacunar ischemic stroke were prospectively included in the study within 12 hours of symptoms onset. Stroke severity was evaluated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and functional outcome was assessed at 3 months by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Infarct volume growth between admission and days 4 to 7 was measured on multiparametric MRI. EPC colonies were defined as early outgrowth colony-forming unit-endothelial cell (CFU-EC). The increment of CFU-EC was quantified during the first week and defined as the absolute difference between the number of CFU-EC at day 7 and admission. The influence of CFU-EC increase on good functional outcome (mRS <or=2) and infarct growth was analyzed by logistic regression and linear models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with good outcome (n=25) showed a higher CFU-EC increment during the first week (median [quartiles], 23 [11, 36] versus -3 [-7, 1], P<0.0001) compared with patients with poor outcome. CFU-EC increment >or=4 during the first week was associated with good functional outcome at 3 months (odds ratio, 30.7; 95% CI, 2.4 to 375.7; P=0.004) after adjustment for baseline stroke severity, ischemic volume and thrombolytic treatment. For each unit increase in the CFU-EC the mean reduction in the growth of infarct volume was 0.39 (0.03 to 0.76) mL (P=0.033).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase of circulating EPC after acute ischemic stroke is associated with good functional outcome and reduced infarct growth. These findings suggest that EPC might participate in neurorepair after ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sobrino
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hurtado
authors.forename: María Angeles
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Yáñez
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castellanos
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brea
authors.forename: Octavio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Moldes
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: Juan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Arenillas
authors.forename: Rogelio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leira
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dávalos
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lizasoain
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castillo
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012307:Risk Factors; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*