title: A novel mechanism for substrate inhibition in Mycobacterium tuberculosis D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase.
abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase undergoes significant inhibition of activity with increasing concentrations of its substrate, hydroxypyruvic acid phosphate. The enzyme also displays an unusual dual pH optimum. A significant decrease in the K(i) for substrate inhibition at pH values corresponding to the valley between these optima is responsible for this phenomena. The change in K(i) has an average pK of approximately 5.8 and involves two functional groups that are protonated and two functional groups that are unprotonated for optimal substrate inhibition to occur. Mutagenesis of positively charged amino acid residues at a putative anion binding site previously revealed by the x-ray structure, produces significant changes in the pH-dependent profile of substrate inhibition. Several single residue mutations eliminate the dual pH optima by reducing substrate inhibition between pH 5 and 7 and a triple mutation was identified that eliminates the substrate inhibition altogether. The mutagenesis data support the conclusion that the anion binding site represents a new allosteric site for the control of enzyme activity and functions in a novel mechanism for substrate inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Rodney L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Shawei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiao Lan
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D000494:Allosteric Regulation; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001665:Binding Sites; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000201:enzymology*; D050543:Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000737:chemistry; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D021122:Protein Subunits; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D050543:Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase