title: Syntrophomonas palmitatica sp. nov., an anaerobic, syntrophic, long-chain fatty-acid-oxidizing bacterium isolated from methanogenic sludge.
abstract: A mesophilic, syntrophic, fatty-acid-oxidizing anaerobic strain, designated MPA(T), was isolated from granular sludge in a mesophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor used to treat palm oil mill effluent. Cells were slightly curved, non-motile rods. Spore formation was not observed. The optimal temperature for growth was around 37 degrees C and optimal pH for growth was 7.0. Strain MPA(T) was able to grow on crotonate or pentenoate plus butyrate in pure culture. In co-culture with the hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanospirillum hungatei, strain MPA(T) was able to oxidize straight-chain saturated fatty acids with carbon chain lengths of C4-C18. The strain was unable to utilize sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, nitrate, fumarate, iron(III) or DMSO as an electron acceptor. The G+C content of the DNA was 45.0 mol%. Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain MPA(T) was found to be a member of the genus Syntrophomonas and was most closely related to the type strains of Syntrophomonas curvata and Syntrophomonas sapovorans (sequence similarities of 94 %). Genetic and phenotypic characteristics demonstrated that strain MPA(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Syntrophomonas palmitatica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MPA(T) (=JCM 14374(T)=NBRC 102128(T)=DSM 18709(T)).
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatamoto
authors.affiliation: Subground Animalcule Retrieval (SUGAR) Program, Extremobiosphere Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan.|Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
authors.forename: Sanae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukayo
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.|Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harada
mesh_terms: D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007564:Japan; D019639:Methanospirillum / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010802:Phylogeny; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007220:Industrial Waste; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012722:Sewage