title: TNFalpha suppression of corneal epithelium migration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in regulation of corneal epithelial cell migration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell culture of immortalized corneal epithelial cell line was employed to examine the role of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) and TNFalpha on cell migration and cell signaling. Healing of central epithelial defect was also observed in organ culture in the presence or absence of neutralizing antibody against either TNFalpha or TGFbeta1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cell cultures of corneal epithelial cell line, adding TNFalpha suppresses activation of p38 signal and cell migration, but not Smad2 activation, upon TGFbeta1 exposure. In an organ culture system, healing of an epithelial defect was promoted by the loss of TNFalpha. A neutralizing antibody against TNFalpha also promoted closure of an epithelial defect of organ cultured WT mouse corneas. Anti-TGFbeta neutralizing antibody reversed facilitation of epithelial healing in KO corneas in organ culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNFalpha inhibits migration of corneal epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.forename: Winston W-Y
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Shizuya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saika
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003646:Debridement; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051899:Smad2 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051899:Smad2 Protein; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases