title: Can pain during digital rectal examination help us to decide the necessity and the method of anesthesia for transrectal ultrasound guided prostate needle biopsy?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy is well tolerated by patients but the lack of an effective marker to predict pain prevents us from determining pre-procedurally which patient group needs local anesthesia for biopsy and probe pain. Thus in this study, we investigated predictor factors for prostate biopsy and probe insertion pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  71 patients who were undergoing prostate biopsy without anesthesia were included in the study retrospectively. Pain had been assessed with visual analogue scale (VAS 0-10). Digital rectal examination (DRE) pain was analyzed for biopsy and probe insertion pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DRE pain was related to both probe pain and biopsy pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although level of pain during DRE determines patients in need of local anesthesia, since the number of patients with moderate-severe pain is rather big, it seems efficient in determining the patients in need of additional anesthesia due to probe pain.
authors.affiliation: Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, 2nd Urology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey. onurkygsz@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kaygisiz
authors.forename: Gurdal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Inal
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tas
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ugurlu
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: Oztug
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Adsan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional