title: Probable NAFLD, by ALT levels, and diabetes among Filipino-American women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have shown alanine aminotransferase (ALT), a marker for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), predicts type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between probable NAFLD and T2DM in non-obese, non-alcoholic consuming Filipino-American women aged 48-73 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The UCSD Filipino Women's Health Study measured glucose, hepatic enzymes, adiponectin and visceral fat (VAT) during clinical visits (1995-2002). We defined T2DM by 1999 WHO criteria and probable NAFLD as ALT >31 U/L.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of T2DM was 34.4% and probable NAFLD was 17.2%. Women with T2DM (n=56) had higher VAT, total:HDL cholesterol, SBP, fasting glucose and insulin, postchallenge glucose, ALT (28.7 U/L versus 19.1 U/L, p<0.0001), GGT, AST, and probable NAFLD (32.1% versus 9.35%, p=0.0002) and lower adiponectin than those without T2DM (n=107). GGT (p=0.0008) and ALT (p=0.002) were associated with increasing VAT levels. Probable NAFLD was independently associated with T2DM (AOR 6.32, 95% CI 2.2-18.0), after adjusting for risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Probable NAFLD was elevated and associated with T2DM, independent of VAT, adiponectin and other risk factors. ALT may serve as a useful marker for NAFLD or diabetes risk in Filipino women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Charlene A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Maria Rosario G
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Araneta
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barrett-Connor
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alcaraz
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Castañeda
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Macera
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010679:Philippines / Q000208:ethnology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000410:Alanine Transaminase