title: Open radical cystectomy with lymphadenectomy remains the treatment of choice for invasive bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radical cystectomy with an appropriate lymph node dissection and an appropriate form of urinary diversion is the standard treatment for muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Optimal outcomes following radical cystectomy require an extended lymph node dissection, negative surgical margins, and a continent urinary diversion. There has been an increasing number of reports describing initial experiences with laparoscopic radical cystectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intermediate and long-term oncologic outcomes with laparoscopic radical cystectomy remain undefined, and appropriate lymph node dissections laparoscopically have not been uniformly performed. Furthermore, the long-term functional outcomes associated with laparoscopically performed urinary diversions also remain undefined. There appears to be a recent trend toward performing the urinary diversion portion of the procedure extracorporeally, after laparoscopic removal of the bladder. Some studies suggest a decrease in postoperative analgesic requirements and quicker recovery of bowel function in those undergoing laparoscopic radical cystectomy, but these observations have not been corroborated by others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the absence of long-term functional and oncologic outcome data, laparoscopic radical cystectomy should be considered an investigative technique, and potential candidates for this operation should be appropriately counseled.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90098, USA.
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D018579:Patient Selection; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011788:Quality of Life; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012371:Robotics; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*