title: Alcohol consumption and endometrial cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort.
abstract: The role of alcohol intake in the etiology of endometrial cancer is unclear. We examined the impact of alcohol intake on endometrial cancer risk among 41,574 postmenopausal African-American, Japanese-American, Latina, Native-Hawaiian and White women recruited to the prospective Multiethnic Cohort Study in 1993-1996. During an average of 8.3 years of follow-up, 324 incident invasive endometrial cancer cases were identified among these women. Data on alcohol intake and endometrial cancer risk factors were obtained from the baseline questionnaire. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for endometrial cancer associated with alcohol intake were estimated using log-linear (Cox) proportional hazard models stratified by age, year of recruitment, ethnicity and study center, and adjusted for several confounding factors. Increased alcohol consumption was associated with increased risk (p trend = 0.013). Compared to nondrinkers, women consuming >or=2 drinks/day had a multivariate RR of 2.01 (95% CI: 1.30, 3.11). There was no increase in risk associated with <1 drink/day (RR = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.33) and 1 to <2 drinks/day (RR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.93). There was no clear effect modification by body mass index, postmenopausal hormone use, parity, oral contraceptive use or smoking status, though our power to detect such interactions was limited. Our results suggest that only alcohol consumption equivalent to 2 or more drinks per day increases risk of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. vsetiawa@usc.edu
authors.forename: Veronica Wendy
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Setiawan
authors.forename: Kristine R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Monroe
authors.forename: Marc T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Laurence N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Kolonel
authors.forename: Malcolm C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Pike
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Henderson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology