title: Comparison of ibuprofen and indometacin for early-targeted treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely premature infants: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To date there is no firm conclusion as to the efficacy and safety of ibuprofen compared with indometacin for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure in extremely premature infants.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a randomised controlled trial to better address this problem.
  
  
  METHODS
  119 infants (gestational age < or =28 weeks) with respiratory distress syndrome and PDA confirmed by echocardiography were randomly assigned to receive either indometacin (0.2 mg/kg) or ibuprofen (10 mg/kg), starting at <24 hours of life, followed by half these first doses within 48 hours at 24-hour intervals if indicated by echocardiographic PDA flow pattern.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PDA closure rate and the doses of drug (mean (SD)) were similar in both groups: 53/60 (88.3%) and 1.9 (1.5) mg/kg in infants given ibuprofen, and 52/59 (88.1%) and 1.9 (1.7) mg/kg in infants given indometacin. No significant difference was found in the numbers of infants requiring surgical ligation, and the levels of post-treatment serum creatinine and urea nitrogen between the two groups. Although not significantly different, more infants (9/59 (15.3%)) treated with indometacin tended to develop oliguria (<1 ml/kg/h) than those treated with ibuprofen (4/60 (6.7%)). There were no significant differences in side effects or complications between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ibuprofen is as effective as indometacin for the early-targeted PDA treatment in extremely premature infants, without increasing the incidence of complications. When the echocardiographic PDA flow pattern was used as a guide for PDA treatment, fewer doses of drugs were needed to achieve acceptable closing rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, 2 Yuh Der Rd, Taichung 404, Taiwan. bais@ms49.hinet.net
authors.forename: B-H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: H-C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: H-Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: H-Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: H-H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Y-C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007052:Ibuprofen; D007213:Indomethacin