title: Fibrin gel-immobilized VEGF and bFGF efficiently stimulate angiogenesis in the AV loop model.
abstract: The modulation of angiogenic processes in matrices is of great interest in tissue engineering. We assessed the angiogenic effects of fibrin-immobilized VEGF and bFGF in an arteriovenous loop (AVL) model in 22 AVLs created between the femoral artery and vein in rats. The loops were placed in isolation chambers and were embedded in 500 microL fibrin gel (FG) (group A) or in 500 microL FG loaded with 0.1 ng/microL VEGF and 0.1 ng/microL bFGF (group B). After two and four weeks specimens were explanted and investigated using histological, morphometrical, and ultramorphological [scanning electron microscope (SEM) of vascular corrosion replicas] techniques. In both groups, the AVL induced formation of densely vascularized connective tissue with differentiated and functional vessels inside the fibrin matrix. VEGF and bFGF induced significantly higher absolute and relative vascular density and a faster resorption of the fibrin matrix. SEM analysis in both groups revealed characteristics of an immature vascular bed, with a higher vascular density in group B. VEGF and bFGF efficiently stimulated sprouting of blood vessels in the AVL model. The implantation of vascular carriers into given growth factor-loaded matrix volumes may eventually allow efficient generation of axially vascularized, tissue-engineered composites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Erlangen Medical Center, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arkudas
authors.forename: Jimmy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tjiawi
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bleiziffer
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grabinger
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Polykandriotis
authors.forename: Justus P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Beier
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stürzl
authors.forename: Raymund E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Horch
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kneser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001163:Arteriovenous Anastomosis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002196:Capillaries / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016319:Corrosion Casting; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005268:Femoral Vein / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005337:Fibrin; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D005337:Fibrin