title: Infrared observations of the saturnian system from voyager 2.
abstract: During the passage of Voyager 2 through the Saturn system, infrared spectral and radiometric data were obtained for Saturn, Titan, Enceladus, Tethys, Iapetus, and the rings. Combined Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 observations of temperatures in the upper troposphere of Saturn indicate a seasonal asymmetry between the northern and southern hemispheres, with superposed small-scale meridional gradients. Comparison of high spatial resolution data from the two hemispheres poleward of 60 degrees latitude suggests an approximate symmetry in the small-scale structure, consistent with the extension of a symmetric system of zonal jets into the polar regions. Longitudinal variations of 1 to 2 K are observed. Disk- averaged infrared spectra of Titan show little change over the 9-month interval between Voyager encounters. By combining Voyager 2 temperature measurements with ground-based geometric albedo determinations, phase integrals of 0.91 +/- 0.13 and 0.89 +/- 0.09 were derived for Tethys and Enceladus, respectively. The subsolar point temperature of dark material on Iapetus must exceed 110 K. Temperatures (and infrared optical depths) for the A and C rings and for the Cassini division are 69 +/- 1 K (0.40 +/- 0.05), 85 +/- 1 K (0.10 +/- 0.03), and 85 +/- 2 K (0.07 +/- 0.04), respectively.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hanel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Conrath
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Flasar
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kunde
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pearl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pirraglia
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Samuelson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cruikshank
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gautier
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gierasch
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ponnamperuma