title: Designing a message for public education regarding stroke: does FAST capture enough stroke?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have shown poor public knowledge of stroke warning signs. The current public education message adopted by the American Heart Association lists 5 stroke warning signs ("suddens"). Another message called FAST (face, arm, speech, time) could be easier to remember, but it does not contain as many stroke symptoms. We sought to assess the percentage of stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients identified by both public awareness messages by examining presenting symptoms of all stroke/TIA patients from a large, biracial population in 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases of stroke who presented to an emergency department or were directly admitted were ascertained at all local hospitals by screening of ICD-9 codes 430 to 436, and prospective screening of emergency department admission logs, in 1999. Study nurses abstracted initial presenting symptoms from the medical record. All-cause 30-day case-fatality was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 1999, 3498 stroke/TIA patients (17% black, 56% female) presented to an emergency department. Of these events, 11.1% had presenting symptoms not included in FAST, whereas 0.1% had presenting symptoms not included in the suddens. The FAST message performed much better for ischemic stroke and TIA than for hemorrhage, missing 8.9% of the ischemic strokes and 8.2% of the TIAs, versus 30.6% of intracerebral hemorrhage/subarachnoid hemorrhage cases. Case-fatality in patients missed by FAST was similar to patients with FAST symptoms (9.0% versus 11.6%, P=0.15).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within our population, we found that the FAST message identified 88.9% of stroke/TIA patients. The FAST message performed better for ischemic stroke and TIA than for hemorrhagic stroke. Whether the FAST message is easier to recall for the public than the "suddens" message has yet to be determined.
authors.forename: Dawn O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Kleindorfer
authors.forename: Rosie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Moomaw
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alwell
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Broderick
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Flaherty
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.forename: Brett M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kissela
mesh_terms: D000572:American Heart Association; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D003657:Decision Making; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality