title: In vitro inhibition of postharvest pathogens of fruit and control of gray mold of strawberry and green mold of citrus by aureobasidin A.
abstract: Aureobasidin A (AbA), an antifungal cyclic depsipeptide antibiotic produced by Aureobasidium pullulans R106, has previously been shown to be effective against a wide range of fungi and protozoa. Here we report the inhibitory effects of AbA on spore germination, germ tuber elongation and hyphal growth of five pathogenic fungi including Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum, P. expansum, Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia fructicola, which are major pathogens causing postharvest diseases of a variety of fruits. AbA inhibited five pathogenic fungi by reducing conidial germination rates, delaying conidial germination initiation, restricting elongation of germ tuber and mycelium, as well as inducing abnormal alternations of morphology of germ tubes and hyphae of these fungi. The sensitivity of these fungi to AbA was pathogen species-dependent. P. digitatum was the most sensitive and M. fructicola the least. Importantly, AbA at 50 microg/ml was effective in controlling the citrus green mold and in reducing the strawberry gray mold incidence and severity, caused by P. digitatum and B. cinerea, respectively, after artificial inoculation. AbA and/or its analogs, therefore, hold promise as relatively safe and promising fungicide candidates to control postharvest decays of fruits, because AbA targets the inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC) synthase, an enzyme essential for fungi but absent from mammals.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jiye
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gou
authors.forename: Cungui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Zeng-Rong
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Hongye
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020171:Botrytis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002957:Citrus / Q000382:microbiology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods; D031985:Fragaria / Q000382:microbiology; D005638:Fruit / Q000382:microbiology*; D018525:Germination; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010407:Penicillium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D047630:Depsipeptides; C071398:aureobasidin A