title: White matter changes and late-life depressive symptoms: longitudinal study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence from cross-sectional studies suggests a link between cerebral age-related white matter changes and depressive symptoms in older people, although the temporal association remains unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate age-related white matter changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an independent predictor of depressive symptoms at 1 year after controlling for known confounders.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a pan-European multicentre study of 639 older adults without significant disability, MRI white matter changes and demographic and clinical variables, including cognitive scores, quality of life, disability and depressive symptoms, were assessed at baseline. Clinical assessments were repeated at 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using logistic regression analysis, severity of white matter changes was shown to independently and significantly predict depressive symptoms at 1 year after controlling for baseline depressive symptoms, quality of life and worsening disability (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  White matter changes pre-date and are associated with the development of depressive symptoms. This has implications for treatment and prevention of depression in later life.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE, UK. andrew.teodorczuk@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teodorczuk
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Firbank
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pantoni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poggesi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Erkinjuntti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wallin
authors.forename: L-O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Wahlund
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gouw
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Waldemar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chabriat
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bäzner
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Inzitari
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D049292:Leukoaraiosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology