title: First and second-order kernel multifocal electroretinography abnormalities in acute central serous chorioretinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the first and second-order kernel multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) response abnormalities in patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional observational study in which 45 eyes of 45 patients with acute CSC underwent mfERG recordings. Peak amplitudes and implicit times of the first and second-order kernel responses were analyzed and compared with 20 age-matched normal controls. Correlation analyses were performed between the patients' visual acuity and the first and second-order amplitudes and implicit times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first-order N1 and P1 mfERG amplitudes in the central three concentric rings were reduced in eyes with acute CSC compared with controls (P < 0.05). The first-order P1 implicit times of the central four rings were also delayed (P < 0.05). For the second-order mfERG response, there were significant reductions in the second-order P1 and N1 amplitudes in rings 3-5 compared with controls (P < 0.05). No significant difference between the second-order P1 and N1 implicit times was found compared with controls (P > 0.05). Correlation analyses showed significant correlations between visual acuity and the first-order N1 response amplitudes of rings 1 and 2, and for the first-order N1 and P1 implicit times of rings 1-4 (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both first and second-order mfERG response abnormalities occur in eyes with acute CSC. These results suggest that in acute CSC, while outer retinal dysfunction is mostly localized to the central macula, there might be more widespread impairment in adaptive mechanisms of the inner retina or outer plexiform layer dysfunction in the more peripheral macula.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. tyylai@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Timothy Y Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Ricky Y K
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Jasmine W S
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ngai
authors.forename: Wai-Man
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dennis S C
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014792:Visual Acuity