title: A controlled study of double filtration plasmapheresis in the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Double-filtration plasmapheresis with a plasma fractionator pore size of 20 nm should selectively remove large molecular weight substances like rheumatoid factor and IgM. This was proposed to be more likely to be helpful for rheumatoid arthritis than standard plasma exchange.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of double-filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) in the treatment of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two patients were randomly assigned, 42 to the DFPP group and 40 to the no-DFPP group. All patients received sulfasalazine (0.75 g 3 times daily) plus methotrexate (10 mg orally once weekly). All patients had been on stable doses for more than 3 months. DFPP was performed once a week for 2 to 3 sessions. A total of 121 plasmapheresis procedures were performed in 42 patients. Control patients did not receive sham DFPP. The efficacy measures recorded 1 day after the final treatment and every month in follow-up for 4 to 22 months included the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20%, 50%, and 70% improvement criteria (ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70), the Health Assessment Questionnaire estimate of disability and the disease activity index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the DFPP group had ACR20, ACR 50, and ACR70 improvements immediately after the last treatment of 100%, 92.9%, and 81.0%, when compared with the patients in no-DFPP group 17.5%, 0%, and 0% (P < 0.001). Significant change from baseline was observed in Health Assessment Questionnaire scores in the DFPP group, but not in the no-DFPP group (P < 0.001). The changes from baseline in the disease activity scores were significantly greater than in the no-DFPP group (P < 0.001). Improvements were maintained during follow-up of 7 to 22 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This open trial showed that DFPP therapy significantly altered the signs and symptoms of active rheumatoid arthritis. There were increases in physical function and improvement in quality of life. This is proposed as an approach that merits further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Blood Purification Center of Cangzhou, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Western Medicine Hospital of Cangzhou of Hebei, Cangzhou, Hebei, People's Republic of China. glxiaoxia@126.com
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jinrong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Junge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Shunua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Heping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D010956:Plasmapheresis / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012460:Sulfasalazine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D012460:Sulfasalazine; D008727:Methotrexate