title: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Studies of Interactions in Multicomponent Metal and Metal Oxide Thin Films.
abstract: Changes in chemical oxidation states in alloys and at solid-solid interfaces were monitored by using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For an oxidized Nichrome surface, the chromium component was selectively converted to chromic oxide while nickel remained in the metallic state. When this surface was overlaid with a 20-angstrom-thick aluminum film, the chromic oxide was reduced to chromium and the aluminum was oxidized to aluminum oxide in a reaction zone consisting of no more than 10 angstroms of the interface. This scheme appeared general for solid-solid contacts and was predicted, to a first approximation, by bulk thermodynamic free energies.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Winograd
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Baitinger
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Amy
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Munarin