title: Paclitaxel Carboplatin chemotherapy as a second-line chemotherapy for advanced platinum resistant urothelial cancer in Japanese cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of Paclitaxel Carboplatin (Pca) therapy in patients with advanced urothelial cancer and platinum based chemotherapy failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  From April 2001 to September 2005, 18 patients were enrolled in this trial. The patients received methotrexate, vinblastine and doxorubicin cisplatin (M-VAC) therapy prior to Pca therapy. On day 1, Paclitaxel (175 mg/m(2), body surface) was injected followed by Carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) (5) via an external venous line and treatment was repeated on a 21-day cycle. Cases exhibiting either a response or stable disease were treated until progression of the disease was observed. All patients were examined to determine toxicity (National Cancer Institute common toxicity criteria) and QOL (EORTC QOL-C30). The survival curves were established using Kaplan-Meier graphs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median cycle of Pca therapy was 4 cycles (range, 1-9 cycles). The overall survival response was 33% with a partial response in six patients (0 with CR, 6 with PR), stable disease in eight patients (44%) and disease progression in four patients (22%). Grade 3-4 anemia was recognized in 5 (28%), neutropenia in 9 (50%) and thrombocytopenia in 3 (22%). The QOL questionnaire scales showed no significant changes induced by Pca therapy. The progression free survival rates were 33% at 6 months, 16% at 1 year and 5.2% at 2 years. Regarding overall survival period, the 6 month, 1-year and 2-year estimates were 78%, 50% and 22%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since the Pca therapy was well tolerated we consider that this treatment modality has the potential to prolong survival with a high quality of life when used as a second chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Department of Reparative and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Life Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan. n-soga@clin.medic.mie-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Norihito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Soga
authors.forename: Takehisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.forename: Kiminobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arima
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugimura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016190:Carboplatin; D017239:Paclitaxel