title: Inhibiting the transport of hazardous spores using polymer-based solutions.
abstract: A series of polymer solutions were developed for the purpose of immobilizing aerosolized 1-10 mu m sized hazardous biological particles. The polymer solutions were designed as tools for emergency response and remediation personnel. The inhibition of secondary aerosolization and migration of biothreat particles has important implications for public health protection and contamination cleanup. Limiting further dispersion of particles such as Bacillus anthracis spores may reduce inhalation hazards and enhance remediation efficiencies. This study evaluated film-forming polymers that have multiple functional groups capable of attracting and binding particles; these included acrylates, cellulosics, vinyl polymers, and polyurethanes. The selected polymers were combined with appropriate solvents to design solutions that met specific performance objectives. The polymer solutions were then evaluated for key characteristics, such as high adhesion, high elasticity, low density, short drying time, low viscosity, and low surface tension. These solutions were also evaluated for their adhesion to biothreat agent in a series of wind tunnel experiments using highly refined aerosolized Bacillus atrophaeus spores (a simulant for anthrax, 1-3 mu m). Results demonstrated that a polymer solution, an amphoteric acrylate identified as NS-2, was the best candidate for attaching to spores and inhibiting reaerosolization. This polymer solution was anionic, thus providing the electrostatic (coulombic) attraction to cationic spores, had low surface tension, and performed well in wind tunnel tests.
authors.affiliation: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA. krauter2@llnl.gov
authors.forename: Paula A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Krauter
authors.forename: D Mark
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Alexander K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.forename: Garrett A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Zalk
mesh_terms: D000391:Air Microbiology; D000392:Air Movements; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000517:prevention & control; D001407:Bacillus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D055672:Static Electricity; D013500:Surface Tension; D013997:Time Factors; D000267:Tissue Adhesions; D017132:Workplace
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances; D011108:Polymers; D012996:Solutions