Research for practice: a new in vitro test for identification of tuberculosis infection.
Tuberculosis is one of the biggest global health problems. One-third of the world's population (2 billion) is latently infected with tuberculosis. The tuberculin skin test is commonly used to diagnose tuberculosis infection. This test has poor specificity and sensitivity, cross-reactivity with bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination and many environmental mycobacteria, and poor sensitivity (only 75-90% in active tuberculosis). Mycobacterium tuberculosis activates a strong T cell-mediated immune response. That is why, a better marker for tuberculosis infection could be the presence of mycobacteria specific interferon-gamma-secreting T cells. These cells can be identified in blood or any other sample, which contains T cells. The test specificity is 99.9% (in low-risk control groups), and the sensitivity is 97.2% (in subjects with culture-confirmed active disease). New in vitro diagnostic test of tuberculosis, based on tuberculosis-induced immunological mechanisms, seems to be more specific and useful as previous methods.
Hansted
Edita
E
Department of Pediatric Diseases, Kaunas University of Medicine, Eiveniu 2, Kaunas, Lithuania. olde@one.lt
Sitkauskiene
Brigita
B
Kevalas
Rimantas
R
Tattersall
Andrea
A
Day
Toni
T
D015415:Biomarkers; D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003429:Cross Reactions; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology
D015415:Biomarkers; D007371:Interferon-gamma