title: Elevated basal hepcidin levels in the liver may inhibit the development of malaria infection: another piece towards solving the malaria puzzle?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammatory cytokines play a crucial role in the human immune response to infection by malaria. During the initial sporozoite infection of the liver the presence of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) can be determinant. IL-6 controls systemic iron homeostasis through hepcidin, which is produced mainly by hepatocytes. An elevated basal hepcidin level in the liver can be induced by chronic inflammatory disease. Hepcidin is also a peptide with antimicrobial properties.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesize that elevated basal hepcidin levels in the liver inhibit the development of malaria infection. When hepcidin is abundant, hepatocytes sequester iron, and this inhibits sporozoite development in liver-stage malaria infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The validity of our hypothesis can be proven by observing sporozoite growth in hepcidin-treated hepatocytes, or in hepatocytes, stimulated with IL-6 to increase hepcidin levels before incubation with malaria sporozoites and observing the effect the hepcidin knockout function has on the infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Confirmation of our hypothesis could help to understand the complexity of the malaria infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Technical University of Catalonia-UPC, Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain. albert@tsc.upc.edu
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oliveras-Vergés
authors.forename: Enric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Espel-Masferrer
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D014943:Global Health; D064451:Hepcidins; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008288:Malaria / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008954:Models, Biological
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; C578702:HAMP protein, human; D064451:Hepcidins; D015850:Interleukin-6