title: Inner anti-inflammatory mechanisms of petroleum ether extract from Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.
abstract: Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb is a species of traditional medical plant for treating inflammation-related disease. This study is to explore the inner anti-inflammatory mechanism on petroleum ether extract from Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inflammatory cellular model was founded by intervention of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on RAW264.7 cell line. Secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, NO and IL-10 in supernatant, mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, COX-2, iNOS and HO-1, protein expression of COX-2 and HO-1, activation of NF-kappaB and ingredients in the extract were assayed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extract could not only reduce production of pro-inflammatory mediators by blocking NF-kappaB activation but promote release of anti-inflammatory mediator HO-1 significantly. The only active ingredient in the extract was coumarin and the concentration of coumarin in each 1 g extract was 0.27822 mg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to Dexamethasone, the extract not only has similar effects on antagonizing pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines but has effects on promoting production of anti-inflammatory mediators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology and Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jun-Yan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Shu-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Ji-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Yuan-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000473:Alkanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003374:Coumarins / Q000032:analysis; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D029903:Melilotus / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D003374:Coumarins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012997:Solvents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003907:Dexamethasone; C030123:coumarin; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C004544:naphtha