title: Segregation for sexual seed production in Paspalum as directed by male gametes of apomictic triploid plants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gametophytic apomixis is regularly associated with polyploidy. It has been hypothesized that apomixis is not present in diploid plants because of a pleiotropic lethal effect associated with monoploid gametes. Rare apomictic triploid plants for Paspalum notatum and P. simplex, which usually have sexual diploid and apomictic tetraploid races, were acquired. These triploids normally produce male gametes through meiosis with a range of chromosome numbers from monoploid (n = 10) to diploid (n = 20). The patterns of apomixis transmission in Paspalum were investigated in relation to the ploidy levels of gametes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intraspecific crosses were made between sexual diploid, triploid and tetraploid plants as female parents and apomictic triploid plants as male parents. Apomictic progeny were identified by using molecular markers completely linked to apomixis and the analysis of mature embryo sacs. The chromosome number of the male gamete was inferred from chromosome counts of each progeny.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The chromosome numbers of the progeny indicated that the chromosome input of male gametes depended on the chromosome number of the female gamete. The apomictic trait was not transmitted through monoploid gametes, at least when the progeny was diploid. Diploid or near-diploid gametes transmitted apomixis at very low rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since male monoploid gametes usually failed to form polyploid progenies, for example triploids after 4x x 3x crosses, it was not possible to determine whether apomixis could segregate in polyploid progenies by means of monoploid gametes.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CC209, (3400) Corrientes, Argentina. eric@agr.unne.edu.ar
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Acuña
authors.forename: Diego H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Hojsgaard
authors.forename: Mauricio A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tcach
authors.forename: Camilo L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Quarin
mesh_terms: D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004171:Diploidy; D031781:Paspalum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D011123:Polyploidy; D012098:Reproduction / Q000235:genetics