title: Induction of p53-regulated gene expression in human cell lines exposed to the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin.
abstract: Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanobacterial toxin that induces a range of genotoxic indicators in a variety of models. The possible involvement of the tumor suppressor protein p53 in cylindrospermopsin-induced gene expression was examined in cultured human dermal fibroblasts and the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. After 6 h of exposure to CYN, concentration-dependent increases in mRNA levels were observed for the p53 target genes CDKN1A, GADD45alpha, BAX, and MDM2, indicating an early activation of p53. After 24 h, relative mRNA levels for these genes remained elevated. Accumulation of p53 protein occurred after longer exposures in the HepG2-derived cell line C3A. Data suggest that cylindrospermopsin induces stress responses that result in the activation of the p53 transcription factor.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia. p.bain@griffith.edu.au
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bain
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Bharat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects; D012016:Reference Values; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C089595:cylindrospermopsin; D014498:Uracil