title: Ankle arthrodesis in rheumatoid arthritis: techniques, results, and complications.
abstract: This article defines specific risks associated with rheumatoid arthritis, including an increased incidence of medical comorbidities, the use of steroids and other immunosuppressive agents, osteoporosis, vascular disease, and the common occurrence of severe deformity. This article suggests approaches for management and techniques that may improve specific surgical issues in this challenging patient population.
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Sports Medicine and Orthopaedic Center, 10663 Montgomery Road, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA. vjsammarco@csmoc.com
authors.forename: Vincent James
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Sammarco
mesh_terms: D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000601:surgery*; D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016896:Treatment Outcome