title: Adaptation to motion sickness from torso rotation affects symptoms from supine head nodding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Space motion sickness affects more than 50% of astronauts. Adaptation to one kind of nauseogenic motion can affect the response to another. We hypothesized that repeated exposure to torso rotation (TR) would diminish motion sickness (MS) due to supine head nodding (HN), a ground-based analogue for space sickness.
  
  
  METHODS
  During TR, standing subjects swept their gaze back and forth between two targets located 135 degrees to either side of straight ahead. For HN, the subject lay supine on a platform with his/her head and neck hanging over the edge. The head was pitched back and forth between the horizontal position and rotated back as far as possible. MS was quantified in 5 male and 20 female subjects using numerical estimates of discomfort and a more detailed questionnaire. Susceptibility to TR and HN was determined on three occasions for each stimulus. At least 1 mo separated any two tests. Subjects were exposed to TR once a day for 7 consecutive days 1 mo after the final control session. Within 24 h of the seventh session, and 1 mo later, susceptibility to HN was evaluated again.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant decrease in MS susceptibility during repeated exposure to TR (time to stop 17.7 min on Day 1, 31.8 min on Day 7). In contrast, there was a significant increase in MS susceptibility to HN after repeated exposure to TR (mean time to stop 11.7 min before TR, 9.5 min after). Susceptibility to HN was back to normal (time to stop 11.4 min) 1 mo later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjects can adapt to TR by repeated exposure. At the same time, susceptibility to HN increases. Strategies for pre-adaptation to space motion sickness need to be chosen carefully as they could actually be counterproductive.
authors.affiliation: Aerospace Medical Research Unit, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada. cloutieran@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cloutier
authors.forename: Douglas G D
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Watt
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010037:Otolithic Membrane / Q000503:physiopathology; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D012399:Rotation; D018489:Space Motion Sickness / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000502:physiology*