title: Characteristics and outcome among patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with the emphasis on availability for intervention trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe all patients treated for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) according to the Utstein criteria and their characteristics and outcome with emphasis on whether they were available for early intervention trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of a study where data were collected prospectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Municipality of Göteborg/Mölndal in Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the Municipality of Göteborg/Mölndal in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was attempted between May 2003 and May 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Part of the study cohort, i.e. patients with a witnessed, non-traumatic, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were distributed (cluster) to mechanical (LUCAS) or manual chest compression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall survival to discharge from hospital among the 508 patients was 8.5%. The corresponding value for non-cardiac cases was 5.1% and for cardiac cases if crew witnessed 16.1%, bystander witnessed 12.7% and non-witnessed 1.4%. Fifty-nine percent of the patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the trial and had no exclusion criteria and 9.7% of these survived to discharge. Ten percent of patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria but were excluded and 20.4% survived to discharge. Thirty-one percent of patients did not fulfil the inclusion criteria and 2.5% survived. Among patients included in the LUCAS group, many of the survivors, 10/13 (77%), experienced a rapid return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) before the application of the device.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients with OHCA in whom CPR was started 8.5% survived to hospital discharge and 59% were theoretically available for an early intervention trial. These patients have a different outcome compared with patients not available. However, among those available, the majority of survivors had a rapid ROSC before the application of the intervention (LUCAS). This raises concerns about the potential for early intervention trials to improve outcome after OHCA.
authors.affiliation: Gothenburg EMS-System, Göteborg, Sweden. christer.axelsson@rsgbg.se
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Axelsson
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Axelsson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herlitz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006336:Heart Massage / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies