title: Ophthalmic examination findings in adult pygmy goats (Capra hicus).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document normal ophthalmic findings and ocular abnormalities in captive adult pygmy goats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy adult pygmy goats (five male, five female; 5-11 years of age; 26-45 kg body mass) underwent complete ophthalmic examinations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Direct illumination, diffuse and slit-beam biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, IOP measurements and Schirmer tear tests were performed. TonoVet rebound tonometry, followed by topical application of 0.5% ophthalmic proparacaine, and Tono-Pen XL applanation tonometry were performed in each eye to obtain estimates of IOP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ophthalmic abnormalities included corneal scars and pigmentation, incipient cataracts, lenticular sclerosis, and vitreal veiling. Mean STT values were 15.8 mm/min, with a range of 10-30 mm/min. Mean IOP values were 11.8 mmHg for TonoVet-D, with a range of 9-14 mmHg; 7.9 mmHg for TonoVet-P, with a range of 6-12 mmHg; and 10.8 mmHg for Tono-Pen XL, with a range of 8-14 mmHg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ophthalmic examination findings in adult pygmy goats, including normal means and ranges for STT and IOP measurements, using applanation and rebound tonometry, are provided.
authors.affiliation: Florida Veterinary Specialists, Tampa, FL, USA. jbroadwater@gmail.com
authors.forename: Joshua J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Broadwater
authors.forename: Jamie J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Schorling
authors.forename: Ian P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Herring
authors.forename: J Phillip
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pickett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009799:Ocular Physiological Phenomena; D012016:Reference Values; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*