title: Transverse limb reduction and intrauterine device: case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pregnancies with an intrauterine device (IUD) in situ are associated with increased maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. No proven teratogenetic effects have been attributed to IUDs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 29-year-old-woman conceived with an IUD in place. The device was removed at 7 weeks' gestation. Her level 2 sonogram at 25 weeks' gestation revealed transverse limb reduction of the foetal right forearm. She gave birth at term to a female infant with reduction of the right forearm. The rest of the physical examination, imaging and laboratory tests, including serology and karyotype were normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present a rare case of transverse limb reduction defect associated with the presence of an IUD at the time of conception. The device had been removed in the first trimester of the pregnancy. Data from the literature are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Campus Beilinson, Petah Tiqva, Israel. alinabrenner@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weissmann-Brenner
authors.forename: Asaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peleg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D038062:Upper Extremity Deformities, Congenital / Q000209:etiology*