title: A clinicopathological study of B-cell differentiation markers and transcription factors in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma: a potential prognostic role of MUM1/IRF4.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although most patients with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (CHL) are cured, a significant minority are refractory to treatment. The investigation of biological markers could improve the predictive capacity of clinical staging systems. The aim of our study was to detect B-cell differentiation markers and transcription factors in CHL in order to define subgroups with different histogeneses and prognoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 107 cases of CHL for BCL6, CD79a, MUM1/IRF4 and B-cell transcription factors BOB.1, OCT.2 expression by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test, the Mann-Whitney test, the Kaplan-Meier method and the log rank test. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify variables with a significant effect on survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD79a was expressed in 5.8%, BCL6 in 14.7%, MUM1/IRF4 in 92.3%, BOB.1 in 53.4% and OCT.2 in 12.6% of cases. There was no significant association between CD79a or BCL6 expression and clinical characteristics. Univariate analysis showed that age of 45 or more, stage III and IV disease and MUM/IRF4 negative status were associated with significantly shorter time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS). On multivariate analysis the lack of MUM/IRF4 expression was associated with significantly shorter TTP while age of 45 or more and the presence of extralymphatic sites of disease were associated with significantly shorter OS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study has confirmed that MUM1/IRF4 is expressed in most cases of CHL and shows that lack of this expression in a minority of cases may be a potential adverse prognostic factor.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University General Hospital, 1 Rimini Street, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece. serenavalsami@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valsami
authors.forename: Vassiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pappa
authors.forename: Dimitra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rontogianni
authors.forename: Frieda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kontsioti
authors.forename: Efstathios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papageorgiou
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dervenoulas
authors.forename: Themis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karmiris
authors.forename: Sotirios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papageorgiou
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harhalakis
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xiros
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nikiforakis
authors.forename: Theofanis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Economopoulos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099218:Interferon Regulatory Factor-4
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000099218:Interferon Regulatory Factor-4