title: Effects of Fis on Escherichia coli gene expression during different growth stages.
abstract: Fis is a nucleoid-associated protein in Escherichia coli that is abundant during early exponential growth in rich medium but is in short supply during stationary phase. Its role as a transcriptional regulator has been demonstrated for an increasing number of genes. In order to gain insight into the global effects of Fis on E. coli gene expression during different stages of growth in rich medium, DNA microarray analyses were conducted in fis and wild-type strains during early, mid-, late-exponential and stationary growth phases. The results uncovered 231 significantly regulated genes that were distributed over 15 functional categories. Regulatory effects were observed at all growth stages examined. Coordinate upregulation was observed for a number of genes involved in translation, flagellar biosynthesis and motility, nutrient transport, carbon compound metabolism, and energy metabolism at different growth stages. Coordinate down-regulation was also observed for genes involved in stress response, amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis, energy and intermediary metabolism, and nutrient transport. As cells transitioned from the early to the late-exponential growth phase, different functional categories of genes were regulated, and a gradual shift occurred towards mostly down-regulation. The results demonstrate that the growth phase-dependent Fis expression triggers coordinate regulation of 15 categories of functionally related genes during specific stages of growth of an E. coli culture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
authors.forename: Meranda D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Physics, Southern Polytechnic State University, 1100 South Marietta Parkway, Marietta, GA 30060-2896, USA.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Beach
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
authors.forename: A P Jason
authors.initials: APJ
authors.lastname: de Koning
authors.affiliation: New York University - School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Osuna
mesh_terms: D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D035021:Factor For Inversion Stimulation Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D035021:Factor For Inversion Stimulation Protein; C501034:Fis protein, E coli