[Prophylaxis and treatment of side effects due to iodinated contrast media relevant to radiological practice].
Increased utilization of iodinated contrast media may be associated with increased incidence of adverse events. The most important side effects include contrast-induced nephropathy, anaphylactoid reaction, thyrotoxicosis, and extravasation. In patients with moderate renal dysfunction, saline hydration and reduction of contrast media volume are recommended. No regime to prevent anaphylactoid reactions has yet proven to be efficient. If subclinical hyperthyroidism has been determined, prophylaxis with sodium perchlorate is advised. Contrast-induced nephropathy is commonly transient and needs to be followed over time. Mild general anaphylactoid reactions may be treated with antihistaminic drugs and corticosteroids. Furthermore the choice of the X-ray contrast media might influence the risk of any adverse effects.
Becker
C
C
Institut für Klinische Radiologie, Klinikum Grosshadern der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 München, Deutschland. Christoph.becker@med.uni-muenchen.de
D000328:Adult; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
D003287:Contrast Media