title: Characteristics of facilities with specialized programming for drinking drivers and for other criminal justice involved clients: analysis of a national database.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Offering specialized programming at substance abuse treatment facilities can help diversify clientele and funding sources, potentially enhancing the facilities' ability to survive and/or expand. Past research has shown that facilities only offering specialized programming for driving under the influence/driving while intoxicated offenders (DUI) are predominately private-for-profit owned. As criminal justice populations, both DUI and other criminal justice offenders, comprise a large proportion of those in community-based substance abuse treatment knowing facilities' characteristics would be important for administrators and policymakers to consider when updating programming, training staff or expanding capacity to ensure efficient use of scarce resources. However, while such characteristics are known for DUI programs, they are not known for facilities offering specialized programming for other criminal justice offenders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of the 2004 US National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost half the facilities (48.2%) offered either DUI or other criminal justice specialized programming. These facilities were divided between those offering DUI specialized programming (17.7%), other criminal justice specialized programming (16.6%) and both types of programming (13.9%). Certain characteristics were independently associated with offering DUI specialized programming (private ownership, rural location, for profit status) or other criminal justice specialized programming (receiving public funds, urban location, region of country).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Offering specialized programming for DUI or other criminal justice offenders was common and associated with distinct characteristics. These observed associations may reflect the positioning of the facility to increase visibility, or diversify clientele and possibly funding streams or the decision of policymakers. As the criminal justice populations show no sign of decreasing and resources are scarce, the efficient use of resources demands policymakers recognize the prevalence of these specialized programming, join forces to examine them for efficacy, and explicitly incorporate these characteristics into strategies for workforce training and plans for treatment expansion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, 2761 E, Jefferson, Detroit, Michigan, USA. carfken@med.wayne.edu.
authors.forename: Cynthia L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Arfken
authors.forename: Sheryl Pimlott
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kubiak