title: Rapid cerebral hemodynamic modulation during mental planning and movement execution: evidence of time-locked relationship with complex behavior.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although there is evidence of specific associations between neuronal activity and early cerebral blood flow (CBF), little is known on a logical furtherance of this linkage, namely the association between early measures of cerebral hemodynamics and complex behavior. The present study examined the linkage between hemodynamic modulation in basal cerebral arteries and performance in a non-routine planning task by means of functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The Stockings of Cambridge (SOC) was employed as planning paradigm. The middle and anterior cerebral arteries (MCA/ACA) were bilaterally insonated. Statistical methods comprised uni- and multivariate analyses of variance and multiple linear regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Taking advantage of the excellent temporal resolution of fTCD, early cerebral hemodynamic modulation of the left MCA markedly predicted task accuracy. Pronounced early blood flow increase during planning and early decrease during movement execution were associated with better performance. No such blood flow modulations were observed in worse performers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early cerebral hemodynamic modulation in the left MCA proved to be a valuable neurophysiological marker that showed a great overlap with task accuracy during non-routine planning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the notion that a high temporal resolution in functional monitoring is a favorable strategy to disentangle relevant neurophysiological correlates of higher cognitive functioning.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric University Hospital Zürich, Lenggstrasse 31, PO Box 1931, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland. daniel.schuepbach@puk.zh.ch
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schuepbach
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boeker
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duschek
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020771:Anterior Cerebral Artery / Q000502:physiology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000502:physiology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008606:Mental Processes / Q000502:physiology*; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000502:physiology; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial