title: Human-animal cytoplasmic hybrid embryos, mitochondria, and an energetic debate.
abstract: Scientists are seeking permission to generate human embryonic stem cells to study disease by introducing human genetic material into an animal oocyte. This has raised ethical questions that centre on whether the entities being generated are actually human. The answer to these questions will determine how this area of research will be regulated and whether such work will be legal. The function of the extra-nuclear mitochondrial genome lies at the heart of these issues and forms the focus of this commentary.
authors.affiliation: Mitochondrial and Reproductive Genetics Group, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK. j.c.st-john@warwick.ac.uk
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: St John
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lovell-Badge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019976:Cloning, Organism / Q000941:ethics / Q000379:methods; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D033041:Embryo Research / Q000941:ethics; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030781:Organisms, Genetically Modified
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial