title: Hyperpigmentation and melasma.
abstract: Facial and neck pigmentations are significant cosmetic problems. They are common in middle-aged women, related to endogenous (hormones) and exogenous factors (cosmetics, perfumes, sun exposure), and often represent paramount causes of emotional distress. Although melasma is the most common cause of facial pigmentation, there are many other forms including drug-induced and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. We review pathogenesis, clinical and histopathological data, effect on quality of life, and treatment options in facial hyperpigmentation disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, A. Sygros Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rigopoulos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gregoriou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katsambas
mesh_terms: D002615:Chemexfoliation; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D003869:Dermabrasion; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005148:Facial Dermatoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D008548:Melanosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents