title: Oral health and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and esophagus: results of two multicentric case-control studies.
abstract: Poor oral health has been reported as a risk factor in the etiology of head and neck cancer. Data on oral health were ascertained as part of two multicenter case-control studies comprising 924 cases and 928 controls in central Europe and 2,286 cases and 1,824 controls in Latin America. Incident cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (oral cavity, pharynx, larynx) and esophagus, as well as age (in quinquennia)- and sex frequency-matched controls, were enrolled from 1998 to 2003. Poor condition of the mouth (central Europe: odds ratio (OR) = 2.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.74, 4.81; Latin America: OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.47, 2.42), lack of toothbrush use (Latin America: OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.28, 4.36), and daily mouthwash use (Latin America: OR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.96, 5.89) emerged as risk factors for head and neck cancer, independent of tobacco use and alcohol consumption. Missing between six and 15 teeth was an independent risk factor for esophageal cancer (central Europe: OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.26, 6.41; Latin America: OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.04, 4.59). These results indicate that periodontal disease (as indicated by poor condition of the mouth and missing teeth) and daily mouthwash use may be independent causes of cancers of the head, neck, and esophagus.
authors.affiliation: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Neela
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Guha
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boffetta
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wünsch Filho
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eluf Neto
authors.forename: Oxana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shangina
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zaridze
authors.forename: Maria Paula
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Curado
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koifman
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: Neonila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Szeszenia-Dabrowska
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mates
authors.forename: Alexander W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Daudt
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lissowska
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dikshit
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brennan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005061:Europe, Eastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007843:Latin America / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009909:Oral Health; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors