title: Increased steroidogenic factor-1 dosage triggers adrenocortical cell proliferation and cancer.
abstract: Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1/Ad4BP; NR5A1), a nuclear receptor transcription factor, has a pivotal role in adrenal and gonadal development in humans and mice. A frequent feature of childhood adrenocortical tumors is SF-1 amplification and overexpression. Here we show that an increased SF-1 dosage can by itself augment human adrenocortical cell proliferation through concerted actions on the cell cycle and apoptosis. This effect is dependent on an intact SF-1 transcriptional activity. Gene expression profiling showed that an increased SF-1 dosage regulates transcripts involved in steroid metabolism, the cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Consistent with these results, increased SF-1 levels selectively modulate the steroid secretion profile of adrenocortical cells, reducing cortisol and aldosterone production and maintaining dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate secretion. As a model to understand the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation by increased SF-1 dosage, we studied FATE1, coding for a cancer-testis antigen implicated in the control of cell proliferation. Increased SF-1 levels increase its binding to a consensus site in FATE1 promoter and stimulate its activity through modulation of the recruitment of specific cofactors. On the other hand, sphingosine, which can compete with phospholipids for binding to SF-1, had no effect on the SF-1 dosage-dependent increase of adrenocortical cell proliferation and expression of the FATE1 promoter. In mice, increased Sf-1 dosage produces adrenocortical hyperplasia and formation of tumors expressing gonadal markers (Amh, Gata-4), which originate from the subcapsular region of the adrenal cortex. Gene expression profiling revealed that genes involved in cell adhesion and the immune response and transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (Stat3) are differentially expressed in Sf-1 transgenic mouse adrenals compared with wild-type adrenals. Our studies reveal a critical role for SF-1 dosage in adrenocortical tumorigenesis and constitute a rationale for the development of drugs targeting SF-1 transcriptional activity for adrenocortical tumor therapy.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6097, France.
authors.forename: Mabrouka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doghman
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karpova
authors.forename: Giovanna Assis
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Malika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arhatte
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Moura
authors.forename: Luciane R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Cavalli
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Virolle
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barbry
authors.forename: Gerard P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Zambetti
authors.forename: Bonald C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: Leslie L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Heckert
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lalli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006639:Histidine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013256:Steroids / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1; D013256:Steroids; D006639:Histidine