title: The relation between urinary metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides and semen quality in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the possible association between internal exposure levels of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), an urinary metabolite of pyrethroids, and altered semen quality in Chinese men.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Center of clinical reproductive medicine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred seventy-six men with nonobstructive infertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urinary 3-PBA concentration, semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm number per ejaculum, sperm motility, sperm progression, and motion parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median 3-PBA concentration was 0.879 microg/g of creatinine. There was suggestive association between increased creatinine-adjusted 3-PBA quartiles and sperm concentration (odd ratios for the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles were 1.00, 1.31, 1.73, and 2.04, respectively), whereas sperm volume, sperm number per ejaculum, and sperm motility were weakly or nonsignificantly associated with 3-PBA quartiles. The sperm progression and motion parameters associated with creatinine-adjusted 3-PBA levels were straight line velocity (VSL) and curvilinear velocity (VCL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observed associations between 3-PBA levels and some altered semen quality indicated the reproductive effects of pyrethroid exposure on adult men.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yankai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shoulin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Aihua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Ningxia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jianling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bo
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Nianzu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Xinru
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001565:Benzoates / Q000652:urine*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004542:Ejaculation; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012661:Semen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017618:3-phenoxybenzoic acid; D003404:Creatinine