title: Clinical diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome and response to metformin therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the accuracy of diagnosing polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) predominantly on clinical features and the response to metformin therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quasi experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Shifa College of medicine and Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad from January 2003 to July 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women fulfilling the inclusion criteria (oligo/hypomenorrhea, infertility, weight gain, hyperandrogenism) were enrolled. Ultrasound pelvis was obtained in all women. Presence of eight or more multiple follicles in both or one ovary without presence of mature follicle was the cutoff number for positive ultrasound. Thyroid stimulating hormone levels were performed in all patients, and patients with abnormal levels were excluded from the study. Metformin was adjusted to 500 mg thrice daily. Six months later patients were again evaluated for response to metformin therapy and those who failed to conceive were given clomiphene citrate along with metformin. Fertility was re-evaluated at the end of one year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the start of the study, 81% women had menstrual irregularity and 84% had infertility. Hirsutism was seen in 72% while history of weight gain was present in 62% of patients. Ultrasound evidence of polycystic ovaries was seen in 93% of women. After 6 months of metformin therapy, 80% patients had achieved correction in their menstrual irregularity. After 6 months on metformin alone, 51% patients conceived while an additional 20% conceived on both metformin and clomiphene citrate during next 6 months. Overall fertility rate was 71% at the end of one year. There was statistically significant change in pre-treatment and posttreatment BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination of three or more of the clinical features (irregular cycles, history of weight gain, infertility and hirsutism) provide an appropriate basis for the diagnosis of PCOS. Metformin alone was an effective treatment for PCOS in this series.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shifa College of Medicine. Islamabad.
authors.forename: Nabia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tariq
authors.forename: Rukhsana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ayub
authors.forename: Ali Yawar
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Faisal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rahim
authors.forename: Shan Rasool
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Raees