title: Effect of feldspathic ceramic surface treatments on bond strength to resin cement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of resin cement to feldspathic ceramic with various surface treatments.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Application of adhesive techniques is well established in restorative dentistry, yet the influence of surface treatments on the bond strength of resin cement to ceramic materials prior to luting or repair procedures remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred samples made of a feldspathic ceramic were divided into 10 groups (n = 10): (1) control (no treatment); (2) 10% hydrofluoric acid (HF); (3) 37% phosphoric acid (H(3)PO(4)); (4) 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride acid (APF); (5) diamond bur; (6) air abrasion with Al(2)O(3); (7) Al(2)O(3) + HF; (8) CoJet-Sand; (9) Er:YAG laser, and (10) Al(2)O(3) + Er:YAG laser. Afterwards, silane was applied and a resin cement cylinder was built. After 24 hours at 37 degrees C, the prepared specimens were submitted to a shear bond strength test and stereoscopic evaluation to determine the type of failure after rupture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bond strength means were statistically different for the different surface treatments. The highest bond strengths were obtained with HF, CoJet-Sand, and Al(2)O(3). The groups treated with Al(2)O(3) + Er:YAG laser, diamond bur, and Al(2)O(3) + HF had moderate bond strengths. The lowest bond strengths were obtained with H(3)PO(4), APF, Er:YAG laser, and the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HF, CoJet-Sand, and Al(2)O(3) techniques were the most effective surface treatments. The null surface treatment proposed with the Er:YAG laser showed low bond strength, and seems to be inadequate for clinical use with the parameters tested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shiu
authors.forename: Wanessa Christine
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: De Souza-Zaroni
authors.forename: Carlos de Paula
authors.initials: Cde P
authors.lastname: Eduardo
authors.forename: Michel Nicolau
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Youssef
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D020906:Air Abrasion, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000379:methods; D008422:Materials Testing; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength