title: Differential response of Mono Mac 6, BEAS-2B, and Jurkat cells to indoor dust.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Airway toxicity of indoor dust is not sufficiently understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our goal in this study was to describe the effects of indoor dust on human monocyte, epithelial, and lymphocyte cell lines. We aimed to a) obtain a comprehensive and intelligible outline of the transcriptional response; b) correlate differential transcription with cellular protein secretion; c) identify cell line-specific features; and d) search for indoor dust-specific responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Settled dust was sampled in 42 German households, and various contaminants were characterized. We exposed Mono Mac 6, BEAS-2B, and Jurkat cells to 500 microg/mL indoor dust for 6 hr. Outcome parameters included the transcriptional profile of an oligonucleotide microarray covering 1,232 genes. Significantly enriched Gene Ontology themes were calculated. Supernatant protein levels of 24 inflammatory response proteins served to confirm transcriptional results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.8 indicated reasonable microarray reproducibility. The transcriptional profile was characterized by enhancement of detoxification and a danger and defense response. Differential gene regulation correlated with protein secretion (Goodman and Kruskal's gamma coefficient: 0.72; p < 0.01). Mono Mac 6 cells revealed the highest fraction of differentially expressed genes, dominated by up-regulation of various cytokines and chemokines. BEAS-2B cells revealed weaker changes in a limited set of inflammatory response proteins. No significant changes were observed in Jurkat cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monocytes are particularly responsive to indoor dust. We observed a classical T-helper 1-dominated immune response, which suggested that bioorganic contaminants are relevant effectors in indoor dust.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Center, Ulm, Germany. herbert.riechelmann@uniklinik-ulm.de
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Riechelmann
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deutschle
authors.forename: Ariane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grabow
authors.forename: Birger
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heinzow
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Butte
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reiter
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002460:Cell Line; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity