title: Antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanism of resistance to fluoroquinolones in Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of 136 canine isolates of Staphylococcus intermedius and 10 canine isolates of S. schleiferi subspecies coagulans to 16 fluoroquinolones (FQs), and to investigate the mechanisms of resistance in the nonsusceptible isolates. Of the 136 of S. intermedius tested 98.5% were susceptible to all 16 FQs whereas only 40% of the 10 isolates of S. schleiferi subspecies coagulans were susceptible. Two isolates of S. intermedius and six isolates of S. schleiferi, were found to be resistant to 13 out of 16 FQs, while they retained their susceptibility to fourth generation FQs such as gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and trovafloxacin. Sequencing of the quinolone-resistance determining regions of gyrA and grlA genes showed that in S. intermedius, dichotomous resistance to FQs was associated with the occurrence of one alteration in GyrA-84 and one in GrlA-80, while in S. schleiferi the same pattern of resistance was observed in isolates showing these changes only in gyrA. This study is the first to screen FQs of the second, third and fourth generation for antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of S. intermedius and S. schleiferi of canine origin, and to describe mutations in gyrA and grlA associated with FQ resistance in these bacterial species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. intorre@vet.unipi.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Intorre
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanni
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Di Bello
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pretti
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Meucci
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tognetti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soldani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardini
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jousson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics; D017931:DNA Primers; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D004285:Dogs / Q000382:microbiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics