title: DSM melancholic features are unreliable predictors of ECT response: a CORE publication.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between baseline melancholic features with outcomes in patients with major depressive disorder referred for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a multihospital (Consortium for Research in ECT) collaborative ECT study, SCID-1 interviews were obtained at study entry. Ratings of the 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression were obtained thrice weekly during the course of ECT, once during a subsequent treatment-free week, and periodically during 6-month continuation treatment with either bitemporal ECT or nortriptyline plus lithium (continuation pharmacotherapy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The evaluable sample was severely ill with a mean 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score of 35.2 (+/-6.9). Of 489 patients, 63.6% (311) met DSM-IV criteria for melancholic features. During acute ECT, 62.1% of those with melancholic features remitted, as compared with 78.7% for those without melancholic features (P = 0.002). During medication continuation treatment (continuation pharmacotherapy), relapse rates were higher for those with melancholic features than for those without these features. Conversely, with continuation ECT, the rate of relapse was lower for those with, compared with those without, melancholic features.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ascertaining melancholic features by SCID-1 criteria does not identify depressed patients more likely to respond to ECT as had been anticipated from the literature. Melancholic features were associated with poorer treatment outcomes in acute ECT. Those with melancholic features were less likely to relapse with continuation ECT, but those with melancholic features were more likely to relapse with continuation pharmacotherapy. The limitations of the DSM-IV criteria for melancholia are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health Systems, Glen Oaks, NY, USA. mafink@attglobal.net
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: A John
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rush
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Teresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Rummans
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biggs
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bailine
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kellner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction; D016896:Treatment Outcome