title: Acute glomerulonephritis presenting with PRES: a report of 4 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) occurs most commonly in the setting of known hypertension or use of immunosuppressive agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report four previously-well children who presented acutely with altered mentation, seizures and visual disturbances and were diagnosed with PRES.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only one child had a history of gross hematuria prior to the seizure. All four were discovered to be hypertensive only after onset of their neurological symptoms, and were subsequently diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. All four had rapid resolution of neurological symptoms with adequate treatment of hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blood pressure must be measured promptly in all children presenting with these symptoms. If elevated, the diagnosis of PRES should be strongly considered and a workup for renal disease pursued.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Wirrell
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Hamiwka
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hamiwka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grisaru
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001928:Brain Diseases, Metabolic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology