title: Narrative review: hyperkyphosis in older persons.
abstract: Hyperkyphosis is a widely recognized yet largely ignored condition. Although there are no uniform diagnostic criteria for hyperkyphosis, current studies estimate its prevalence among older adults at 20% to 40%. The causes and consequences of hyperkyphosis are not well understood. Some physicians think that fractures cause hyperkyphosis and that management strategies should focus solely on diagnosis and treatment for osteoporosis. Recent studies, however, demonstrate that many older adults who are most affected by hyperkyphosis do not have vertebral fractures. Hyperkyphosis may be independently associated with an increased risk for adverse health outcomes, including impaired pulmonary function, decreased physical function capabilities, and future fractures. With the growing older population, we now need research that leads to a deeper understanding of the causes, consequences, and treatment of this common condition.
authors.affiliation: David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. dkado@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Deborah M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kado
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prenovost
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crandall
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000150:complications