title: Intraoperative Sensorcaine significantly improves postoperative pain management in outpatient reduction mammaplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast reduction is one of the most frequently performed plastic surgical procedures in the United States; more than 160,500 patients underwent the procedure in 2005. Many outpatient reduction mammaplasty patients report the greatest postoperative discomfort in the first 48 hours. The authors' investigated the effect of intraoperative topical application of the long-acting local anesthetic agent bupivacaine (Sensorcaine or Marcaine) on postoperative pain, time to postanesthesia care unit discharge, and postoperative use of narcotic medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, randomized, single-blind trial, intraoperative use of Sensorcaine versus placebo (normal saline) was compared. Postoperative pain was quantified using the visual analogue scale, and time to discharge from the postanesthesia care unit was recorded. Patients documented their outpatient pain medication usage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 37 patients enrolled in the study, 20 were treated with intraoperative topical Sensorcaine and 17 received placebo. Patients treated with Sensorcaine were discharged home significantly faster (2.9 hours versus 3.8 hours, p = 0.002). The control arm consistently had higher pain scores in the postanesthesia care unit (although not statistically significant) than the Sensorcaine group using the visual analogue scale system. Furthermore, patients receiving Sensorcaine required significantly less narcotic medication while recovering at home (mean, 3.5 tablets of Vicodin) than the control group (mean, 6.4 tablets; p = 0.001). There were no complications resulting from Sensorcaine usage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This prospective, randomized, single-blind study demonstrates that a single dose of intraoperative Sensorcaine provides a safe, inexpensive, and efficacious way to significantly shorten the length of postanesthesia care unit stay and significantly decrease postoperative opioid analgesic use in patients undergoing ambulatory reduction mammaplasty.
authors.affiliation: New York, N.Y. From the Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Staten Island University Hospital; Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell College of Medicine; and Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Alfred T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Culliford
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.forename: Roberto L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: Otway
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Louie
authors.forename: Mihye
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Nolan S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Karp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D016462:Mammaplasty; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome