title: Long form of latent TGF-beta binding protein 1 (Ltbp1L) is essential for cardiac outflow tract septation and remodeling.
abstract: Latent TGF-beta binding protein 1 (LTBP1) is a member of the LTBP/fibrillin family of extracellular proteins. Due to the usage of different promoters, LTBP1 exists in two major forms, long (L) and short (S), each expressed in a temporally and spatially unique fashion. Both LTBP1 molecules covalently interact with latent TGF-beta and regulate its function, presumably via interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM). To explore the in vivo role of Ltbp1 in mouse development, at the time when only the L isoform is expressed, we mutated the Ltbp1L locus by gene targeting. Ltbp1L-null animals die shortly after birth from defects in heart development, consisting of the improper septation of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT) and remodeling of the associated vessels. These cardiac anomalies present as persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA) and interrupted aortic arch (IAA), which are associated with the faulty function of cardiac neural crest cells (CNCCs). The lack of Ltbp1L in the ECM of the septating OFT and associated vessels results in altered gene expression and function of CNCCs and decreased Tgf-beta activity in the OFT. This phenotype reveals a crucial role for Ltbp1L and matrix as extracellular regulators of Tgf-beta activity in heart organogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology Department, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. todorv01@med.nyu.edu
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Todorovic
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frendewey
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Gutstein
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Laina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Freyer
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Finnegan
authors.forename: Fangyu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valenzuela
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yancopoulos
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Rifkin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018390:Gene Targeting; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000235:genetics*; D053779:Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism