title: UTF1 is a chromatin-associated protein involved in ES cell differentiation.
abstract: Embryonic stem (ES) cells are able to grow indefinitely (self-renewal) and have the potential to differentiate into all adult cell types (pluripotency). The regulatory network that controls pluripotency is well characterized, whereas the molecular basis for the transition from self-renewal to the differentiation of ES cells is much less understood, although dynamic epigenetic gene silencing and chromatin compaction are clearly implicated. In this study, we report that UTF1 (undifferentiated embryonic cell transcription factor 1) is involved in ES cell differentiation. Knockdown of UTF1 in ES and carcinoma cells resulted in a substantial delay or block in differentiation. Further analysis using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching assays, subnuclear fractionations, and reporter assays revealed that UTF1 is a stably chromatin-associated transcriptional repressor protein with a dynamic behavior similar to core histones. An N-terminal Myb/SANT domain and a C-terminal domain containing a putative leucine zipper are required for these properties of UTF1. These data demonstrate that UTF1 is a strongly chromatin-associated protein involved in the initiation of ES cell differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9750 AA, Haren, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: van den Boom
authors.forename: Susanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kooistra
authors.forename: Marije
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boesjes
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geverts
authors.forename: Adriaan B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Houtsmuller
authors.forename: Koshiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Monzen
authors.forename: Issei
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Komuro
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Essers
authors.forename: Loes J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Drenth-Diephuis
authors.forename: Bart J L
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Eggen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021381:Protein Transport; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*