title: A retrospective study on the quality of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines used in the UK between 1996 and 2004.
abstract: Following the reduction in efficacy of Hib-TT vaccines in the primary immunization schedule observed in the UK between 1999 and 2003, batches of vaccine manufactured by two different companies were retrospectively examined by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control. The study evaluated 41 batches of the Hib-TT vaccines manufactured between 1994 and 2003, assaying potency (total PRP saccharide content), integrity (% free saccharide), consistency (molecular sizing), and immunogenicity, as well as reviewing data previously obtained at the time of release. The study indicated the stability of the lyophilized final fill vaccines to extend well past their assigned shelf-lives, and found no trends in the endotoxin content, total saccharide or % free saccharide content. A trend towards slightly larger conjugates was observed over time in Hib-TT A, evidenced in both the manufacturer's data obtained at the time that samples were submitted for testing and in data obtained from the retrospective analysis. The study confirmed that that there had been no significant change in the quality of the Hib vaccines that could possibly account for the change reported in their protective efficacy in the UK. The study also demonstrated the value of independent testing of vaccines from the time of licensure and in the ongoing monitoring and re-examination of selected batches, as necessary, to assure their continuing quality, safety and consistency.
authors.affiliation: Bacteriology Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, UK. bbolgiano@nibsc.ac.uk
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bolgiano
authors.forename: Fatme
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mawas
authors.forename: Karena
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Burkin
authors.forename: Dennis T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.forename: Manolya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saydam
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rigsby
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Corbel
mesh_terms: D016667:Bacterial Capsules; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000592:standards*; D006306:Health Surveys; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom