title: The effects of integrated home care and discharge practice on functional ability and health-related quality of life: a cluster-randomised trial among home care patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to evaluate the effects of integrated home care and discharge practice on the functional ability (FA) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of home care patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cluster randomised trial (CRT) with Finnish municipalities (n=22) as the units of randomisation. At baseline the sample included 669 patients aged 65 years or over. Data consisted of interviews (at discharge, and at 3-week and 6-month follow-up), medical records and care registers. The intervention was a generic prototype of care/case management-practice (IHCaD-practice) that was tailored to municipalities needs. The aim of the intervention was to standardize practices and make written agreements between hospitals and home care administrations, and also within home care and to name a care/case manager pair for each home care patient. The main outcomes were HRQoL-as measured by a combination of the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and the EQ-5D instrument for measuring health status-and also Activities of Daily Living (ADL). All analyses were based on intention-to-treat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline over half of the patient population perceived their FA and HRQoL as poor. At the 6-month follow-up there were no improvements in FA or in EQ-5D scores, and no differences between groups. In energy, sleep, and pain the NHP improved significantly in both groups at the 3-week and at 6-month follow-up with no differences between groups. In the 3-week follow-up, physical mobility was higher in the trial group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the effects of the new practice did not improve the patients' FA and HRQoL, except for physical mobility at the 3-week follow-up, the workers thought that the intervention worked in practice. The intervention standardised practices and helped to integrate services. The intervention was focused on staff activities and through the changed activities also had an effect on patients. It takes many years to achieve permanent changes in every worker's individual practice and it is also likely that changes in working practices would be visible before effects on patients. The use of other outcome measures, such as the use of services, may be clearer in showing a positive impact of the intervention rather than FA or HRQoL.
authors.affiliation: National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health, Finland. teija.hammar@stakes.fi
authors.forename: Teija
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hammar
authors.forename: Marja-Leena
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Perälä
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rissanen