title: Lung injury after ischemia-reperfusion of small intestine in rats involves apoptosis of type II alveolar epithelial cells mediated by TNF-alpha and activation of Bid pathway.
abstract: Although ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) of small intestine is known to induce lung cell apoptosis, there is little information on intracellular and extracellular molecular mechanisms. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of apoptosis including the expression of Fas, Fas ligand (FasL), Bid, Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, and activated caspase-3 in the rat lung at various time-points (0-24 h) of reperfusion after 1-h ischemia of small intestine. As assessed by TUNEL, the number of apoptotic epithelial cells, which were subsequently identified as type II alveolar epithelial cells by electron microscopy and immunohistochemical double-staining, increased at 3 h of reperfusion in the lung. However, intravenous injections of anti-TNF-alpha antibody decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells, indicating involvement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the induction of lung cell apoptosis. Western blotting and/or immunohistochemistry revealed a marked up-regulation of Fas, FasL, Bid, Bax, cytochrome c and activated caspase-3 and down-regulation of Bcl-2 in lung epithelial and stromal cells at 3 h of reperfusion. Our results indicate that I/R of small intestine results in apoptosis of rat alveolar type II cells through a series of events including systemic TNF-alpha, activation of two apoptotic signaling pathways and mitochondrial translocation of Bid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Unit of Basic Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
authors.forename: Shucai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hishikawa
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koji
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000503:physiopathology; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008297:Male; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology*