title: Tool-making and tool-using in the northern blue jay.
abstract: Laboratory-raised Northeirn blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) have been observed tearing pieces from pages of newspaper and utilizing them as tools to rake in food pellets which were otherwise out of reach. The frequency of this behavior was dependenit upon the motivational state of the jay and the presence of food pellets.
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Kamil