title: Peptide hormone exendin-4 stimulates subventricular zone neurogenesis in the adult rodent brain and induces recovery in an animal model of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: We investigated the effects of exendin-4 on neural stem/progenitor cells in the subventricular zone of the adult rodent brain and its functional effects in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Our results showed expression of GLP-1 receptor mRNA or protein in the subventricular zone and cultured neural stem/progenitor cells isolated from this region. In vitro, exendin-4 increased the number of neural stem/progenitor cells, and the number of cells expressing the neuronal markers microtubule-associated protein 2, beta-III-tubulin, and neuron-specific enolase. When exendin-4 was given intraperitoneally to naïve rodents together with bromodeoxyuridine, a marker for DNA synthesis, both the number of bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells and the number of neuronal precursor cells expressing doublecortin were increased. Exendin-4 was tested in the 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease to investigate its possible functional effects in an animal model with neuronal loss. After unilateral lesion and a 5-week stabilization period, the rats were treated for 3 weeks with exendin-4. We found a reduction of amphetamine-induced rotations in animals receiving exendin-4 that persisted for several weeks after drug administration had been terminated. Histological analysis showed that exendin-4 significantly increased the number of both tyrosine hydroxylase- and vesicular monoamine transporter 2-positive neurons in the substantia nigra. In conclusion, our results show that exendin-4 is able to promote adult neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo, normalize dopamine imbalance, and increase the number of cells positive for markers of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in a model of Parkinson's disease.
authors.affiliation: NeuroNova AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bertilsson
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Patrone
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zachrisson
authors.forename: Annica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dannaeus
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heidrich
authors.forename: Jarkko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kortesmaa
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mercer
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Harriet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rönnholm
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wikström
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D000077270:Exenatide; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014688:Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology*