title: The effect of calcium ion on the biodegradation of octylphenol polyethoxylates, and the antiandrogenic activity of their biodegradates.
abstract: Because limes have been used as important fertilizers to neutralize acidified farmland in Japan, our interest in this study was focused on the effect of calcium ion on the biodegradation of octylphenol polyethoxylates (OPEOn) by a pure culture of Pseudomonas putida S5 isolated from a rice paddy field in Japan. In the presence of calcium ion, P. putida S5 accelerated the formation of octylphenol oligoethoxy carboxylates (OPECn) rather than that of octylphenol oligoethoxylates under an aerobic condition, indicating that more soluble biodegradates with terminal carboxyl group may liquate out easily to surface and ground water rather than more hydrophobic biodegradates with shorter ethylene oxide residues. Therefore, the androgen receptor (AR) activity of their degradation products was characterized using an in vitro reporter gene assay. As ethylene oxide chain length decreased, the biodegradates, OPEOn (n < 3), increased their AR antagonist activity. However, OPECn (n < 3) were unable to determine their AR activity because of their cytotoxicity in our reporter gene assay system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, Meijo University, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishimoto
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishizaki
authors.forename: Akifumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hosoda
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamura
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D059002:Androgen Receptor Antagonists; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*