title: Monitoring of gene expression in differentiation of embryoid bodies from cynomolgus monkey embryonic stem cells in the presence of bisphenol A.
abstract: An embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation model would facilitate analysis of developmental processes at the cellular level and the effects of embryotoxic and teratogenic factors in vitro. We explored the use of differentiation of embryoid bodies (EBs) from cynomolgus monkey ES cells for embryotoxicity testing. We determined the mRNA expression of various genes using real-time RT-PCR. Oct-3/4 expression was almost completely suppressed on day 14, suggesting that ES cells reached differentiated status in around 14 days. mRNA expression of E-cadherin, connexin 43, caveolin-1, and argininosuccinate synthetase was reproducibly suppressed during EB differentiation in 7-32% of ES cells in three separate experiments. Although these may not be "general stemness marker genes" such as Oct-3/4, they could play a role in readying stem cells for differentiation in response to deletion of signals from feeder cells. Next, we examined the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on the mRNA expression of several differentiation marker genes for ES cells. That of PAX-6, an ectoderm marker, with 0, 0.1, and 10 microM BPA in 21-day EBs was 3,500%, 6,668%, and 8,394%, respectively, compared with ES cells. The difference between doses of 0 and 10 microM BPA in 21-day EBs was statistically significant (p=0.049). Pax-6 activation in the presence of BPA may interfere with the development of eyes, sensory organs, and certain neural and epidermal tissues usually derived from ectodermal tissues. Differentiation of EBs from cynomolgus monkey ES cells could be a useful model for detecting gene expression changes in response to chemical exposure.
authors.affiliation: Physiology Section, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute for Minamata Disease, 4058-18 Hama, Minamata, Kumamoto 867-0008, Japan. yamamoto@nimd.go.jp
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tase
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Suminori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akiba
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimozawa
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001124:Argininosuccinate Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001856:Bone Marrow Examination; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004627:Embryonic Induction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds