title: Direct low-temperature synthesis of rutile nanostructures in ionic liquids.
abstract: The direct synthesis of crystalline titania nanorods by sol-gel chemistry in a special ionic liquid is reported. Unexpectedly, the high-temperature modification, rutile, is obtained directly under ambient conditions. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements support the highly crystalline and structural quality of the sample. The phase-directing property of the ionic liquids is attributable to the imide group in the counter ion, which exhibits strong interaction with specific rutile faces. Lithium insertion experiments were performed and revealed high and reversible loading capacities of up to 200 mAh g(-1).
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaper
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Endres
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Djerdj
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antonietti
authors.forename: Bernd M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Smarsly
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Yong-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction