title: Carbamoylcholine chloride induces a rapid increase in IL6 in the nasal cavity of C57BL/6 mice.
abstract: Mice are widely used as models to study the roles of chemokines and cytokines in immune and inflammatory responses. In our work to determine the basal levels of cytokines in saliva, nasal wash fluid (NWF), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and serum of mice, we found that injection of carbamoylcholine chloride, used to stimulate saliva production, induced variations in the interleukin (IL) 6 levels of NWF and BALF supernatants. To characterize this response, C57BL/6 mice were given 10 microg carbamoylcholine chloride intraperitoneally and euthanized at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after injection. IL6 was increased in NWF supernatants by 2 to 3 h, remained elevated for 24 h, and declined by 48 h after injection. To determine whether carbamoylcholine chloride increased Th1 cytokine (IL2, IL12[p70], and interferon gamma), Th2 cytokine (IL4, IL5, and IL10), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), or proinflammatory cytokine (IL1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL6 in saliva and serum) levels, mice were given 10 microg carbamoylcholine chloride and euthanized. In 47 mice, all cytokine levels in saliva supernatants, NWF supernatants, BALF supernatants, and serum were within normal reported levels (range, 1 to 364 pg/ml); in the serum of the remaining 3 mice, GM-CSF, IL1beta, and IL2 levels were increased. In summary, carbamoylcholine chloride induces a rapid, elevated IL6 response in the nasal cavity and respiratory tract of mice but does not alter the levels of other Th1, Th2, or proinflammatory cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Lindsey C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Pingel
authors.forename: Kindra K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Burnell
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cavanaugh
authors.forename: Kim A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Brogden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017817:Nasal Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors