title: The vigilance, orienting, and executive attention networks in 4-year-old children.
abstract: The present study examined the development of lower and higher order forms of attention during the preschool years. Lower forms of attention were assessed with tasks that primarily engaged the attention functions of vigilance and orienting. Higher, executive forms of attention were assessed with tasks that involved inhibition and working memory. The findings revealed that performance improved significantly with age on measures of inhibition and orienting. Results are discussed in the context of the development of attentional networks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. mhrabok@uvic.ca
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hrabok
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kerns
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis