title: The Pu.1 locus is differentially regulated at the level of chromatin structure and noncoding transcription by alternate mechanisms at distinct developmental stages of hematopoiesis.
abstract: The Ets family transcription factor PU.1 is crucial for the regulation of hematopoietic development. Pu.1 is activated in hematopoietic stem cells and is expressed in mast cells, B cells, granulocytes, and macrophages but is switched off in T cells. Many of the transcription factors regulating Pu.1 have been identified, but little is known about how they organize Pu.1 chromatin in development. We analyzed the Pu.1 promoter and the upstream regulatory element (URE) using in vivo footprinting and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. In B cells, Pu.1 was bound by a set of transcription factors different from that in myeloid cells and adopted alternative chromatin architectures. In T cells, Pu.1 chromatin at the URE was open and the same transcription factor binding sites were occupied as in B cells. The transcription factor RUNX1 was bound to the URE in precursor cells, but binding was down-regulated in maturing cells. In PU.1 knockout precursor cells, the Ets factor Fli-1 compensated for the lack of PU.1, and both proteins could occupy a subset of Pu.1 cis elements in PU.1-expressing cells. In addition, we identified novel URE-derived noncoding transcripts subject to tissue-specific regulation. Our results provide important insights into how overlapping, but different, sets of transcription factors program tissue-specific chromatin structures in the hematopoietic system.
authors.affiliation: University of Leeds, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoogenkamp
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krysinska
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ingram
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Rachael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barlow
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebralidze
authors.forename: Pu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tagoh
authors.forename: Peter N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Cockerill
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Tenen
authors.forename: Constanze
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonifer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D000099232:Proto-Oncogene Protein Spi-1