title: The fetal posterior fossa: clinical correlation of findings on prenatal ultrasound and fetal magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recognize posterior fossa anomalies on ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging and appreciate imaging pitfalls that may lead to misdiagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases are presented to illustrate normal development and various anomalies. Postnatal studies and autopsy are used for correlation with prenatal imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal anatomy and anomalies are demonstrated. Pitfalls such as cystic hygroma, pseudomasses, and use of nonstandard scan planes are illustrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recognizing normal developing structures is an important component of performing fetal ultrasound. Documentation of the cerebellum, vermis, and cisterna magna are required for posterior fossa evaluation in any American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine-certified practice. Normal variations are common, and understanding the anatomy is vital to avoid misdiagnosis and to accurately characterize abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Utah Hospital, SOM 1A71, 30 N 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA. Karen.oh@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Karen Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Ulrich A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Rassner
authors.forename: Antonio E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Frias
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D002531:Cerebellum / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003388:Cranial Fossa, Posterior / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal