title: Activation of the mTOR signaling pathway in breast cancer and its correlation with the clinicopathologic variables.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rapamycin and its analogues are currently being tested in clinical trials as novel-targeted anticancer agents. Pre-clinical studies that used breast cancer cell lines have suggested that p-Akt or p-S6K1 expressing tumors, as well as PTEN negative tumors, were sensitive to rapamycin. The aims of this study were to determine the proportion of breast cancer that could be candidates for rapamycin treatment and to elucidate the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of potentially rapamycin-sensitive tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the expressions of PTEN, p-Akt and p-S6K1 by performing immunohistochemistry in 122 breast cancer tissues. We analyzed the association of the expression of these proteins with the cliniopathologic variables and the disease-free survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PTEN negative tumors, p-Akt expressing tumors and p-S6K1 expressing tumors constituted 4.1% (5/122), 41.0% (50/122), and 36.1% (44/122) of the total tumors, respectively. The proportion of tumors that met the criteria of rapamycin sensitivity was 54.9% (67/122). We could not find any significant correlation between the expression of these proteins and the other prognostic factors. However, the prognosis of tumors with a p-S6K1 expression was significantly worse than that of the p-S6K1 negative tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the status of the PTEN, p-Akt and p-S6K1 expressions as predictors of rapamycin sensitivity, this study suggested that over 50% of breast cancer patients could be potential candidates for rapamycin treatment. In addition, the p-S6K1 expression may constitute an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 215-4, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Korea. nohwoo@kcch.re.kr
authors.forename: Woo Chul
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.forename: Yang Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Min Suk
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Hyun-Ah
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Nan Mo
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Nam-Sun
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Paik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011379:Prognosis; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis