title: Drag reduction by formation movement in spiny lobsters.
abstract: Movements of spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) in formation reduce drag during locomotion; such movement is of particular significance during mass migration. Queues (single-file lines) of spiny lobsters sustain less drag per individual than do individual lobsters moving at the same speed. It is proposed that queuing behavior conserves energy and is a consequence of the evolutionary role of migration in this particular species.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Bill
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Herrnkind