title: Bone mineral density in adults with the metabolic syndrome: analysis in a population-based U.S. sample.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The metabolic syndrome is associated with low-grade inflammation. It has been suggested that proinflammatory cytokines and low-grade systemic inflammation activate bone resorption and may lead to reduced bone mineral density (BMD), but no previous studies have evaluated the association between the metabolic syndrome and BMD. We examined this relationship in a representative U.S. population-based sample from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994).
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified adult subjects enrolled in NHANES III with the metabolic syndrome as defined by the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel III. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of femoral neck BMD (FN-BMD) for subjects with and without the metabolic syndrome. Analyses were adjusted for relevant covariates and stratified by quintile of body mass index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 8,197 persons at least 20 yr old who underwent FN-BMD measurement, 1773 (22%) had the metabolic syndrome. After multivariable adjustment, FN-BMD was higher among subjects with the metabolic syndrome (0.86 g/cm(2)) than those without (0.80 g/cm(2); P < 0.0001). When stratified by body mass index, FN-BMD was similar between subjects with and without the metabolic syndrome. Adjusted FN-BMD increased with additional components of the metabolic syndrome (P < 0.0001 for trend), and there was a significant positive association with abdominal obesity (P < 0.0001). A subgroup of subjects with diabetes had higher FM-BMD than those without, independent of abdominal obesity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In NHANES III, the metabolic syndrome was not associated with reduced FN-BMD.
authors.affiliation: Teine Keijinkai Hospital, 1-40 Maeda 1 jou 12 chou-me, Teine-ku, Sapporo City, Hokkaido 006-8555, Japan. mitsuyos220@worldnet.att.net
authors.forename: Mitsuyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinjo
authors.forename: Soko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Setoguchi
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Solomon
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011153:Population; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology