title: The role of serum uric acid as an antioxidant protecting against cancer: prospective study in more than 28 000 older Austrian women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been hypothesized that serum uric acid (SUA), via its antioxidant properties may protect against carcinogenesis. However, few epidemiological investigations have addressed this association and previous findings are inconsistent.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively investigated the relation of SUA levels to subsequent cancer mortality in a large cohort of 28613 elderly Austrian women with a median follow-up of 15.2 years. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were calculated to evaluate SUA as an independently related factor to fatal cancer events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High SUA (>5.41 mg/dL) was independently associated with increased risk of total cancer mortality (p<0.0001); the adjusted hazard ratio for the highest versus lowest quartile of SUA was 1.27 (1.08-1.48). SUA levels were further positively related to deaths from malignant neoplasms of breast and female genital organs (P = 0.02) and nervous system and unspecified sites (P = 0.02). We found no evidence for an inverse relationship between SUA levels and risk of total or site-specific cancer mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results are contrary to the proposed antioxidant and protective effect of SUA against cancer and rather suggest high SUA concentrations to be associated with outcome possibly reflecting more serious prognostic indication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria. alexander.strasak@i-med.ac.at
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Strasak
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rapp
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hilbe
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Oberaigner
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruttmann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Concin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Diem
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ulmer
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001317:Austria; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011322:Primary Prevention; D011336:Probability; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*