title: Effect of growth hormone on body composition and visceral adiposity in middle-aged men with visceral obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  GH replacement in GH-deficient adults results in an improvement in metabolic status. GH might also decrease visceral adiposity in obese adults that are not GH deficient.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to determine the effects of supraphysiological GH therapy on the metabolic syndrome and visceral adiposity in men with low blood levels of IGF-I and the durability of these effects after stopping GH therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled 6-month intervention trial followed by a blinded follow-up period of 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty nondiabetic middle-aged men with central adiposity (body mass index > 27 kg/m(2); waist circumference > 102 cm) participated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 6 months of GH therapy, we observed an increase in weight and lean body mass (2.5 +/- 0.6 kg, P < 0.05 compared with baseline and placebo) and 8.8% reduction in visceral adiposity. GH increased resting energy expenditure by 172.5 +/- 41.6 kcal/24 h after 6 months of therapy. Fasting insulin, glucose, and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index for insulin resistance increased during GH therapy. The effects of GH on fatness and visceral adiposity disappeared shortly after GH withdrawal, but weight remained increased over baseline and when compared with the placebo group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that GH therapy is associated with small but statistically significant decreases in visceral adiposity and an increase in lean mass and body weight. In viscerally obese subjects, supraphysiological GH administration is not an effective treatment; however, additional studies are needed to evaluate the effects of low-dose, physiological GH treatment.
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pasarica
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zachwieja
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dejonge
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Redman
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed