title: The impact of monetary reward on memory in schizophrenia spectrum disorder.
abstract: The impact of monetary reward on verbal working memory (vWM) and verbal long-term memory (vLTM) was evaluated in 50 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 52 matched healthy participants. This research was motivated by the observations that negative symptoms in schizophrenia are associated with reduced drive and that patients with these symptoms exhibit greater mnemonic impairments. Reward-related gains were evaluated across two levels of vWM load on the n-back task and across three aspects of vLTM derived from the California Verbal Learning Test-II (i.e., learning, total immediate recall, and retention). Although healthy individuals benefited from reward at a high vWM load level, schizophrenia patients exhibited no reward-related improvements in vWM. In contrast, improvement in vLTM retention was induced by reward for both patients and controls. Finally, symptomatic and pharmacology treatment factors were associated with reward-related gains in persons with schizophrenia. In conclusion, contingent monetary rewards delivered during vWM and vLTM enhanced specific aspects of memory. The influence was relatively small and dependent on the specific neurocognitive operation examined, the mental health status of the participants, and for patients, their particular symptoms and pharmacological treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada. aethornt@sfu.ca
authors.forename: Allen E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.forename: Vanessa G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Boudreau
authors.forename: Stephanie Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: Todd S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fawkes-Kirby
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Honer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012201:Reward; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology