title: Conditioned Approach and Contact Behavior toward Signals for Food or Brain-Stimulation Reinforcement.
abstract: When presentation of a retractable lever always preceded food delivery, rats licked or gnawed the lever. They also approached but seldom orally contacted a lever signaling brain-stimulation reinforcement; instead, subjects sniffed, pawed, or "explored" the lever. Therefore, a Pavlovian conditioned stimulus evoked directed skeletal responses whose specific form depended on the forthcoming unconditioned stimulus.
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ackilt
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Frommer
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Hearst