title: Integrative mining of traditional Chinese medicine literature and MEDLINE for functional gene networks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The amount of biomedical data in different disciplines is growing at an exponential rate. Integrating these significant knowledge sources to generate novel hypotheses for systems biology research is difficult. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a completely different discipline, and is a complementary knowledge system to modern biomedical science. This paper uses a significant TCM bibliographic literature database in China, together with MEDLINE, to help discover novel gene functional knowledge.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present an integrative mining approach to uncover the functional gene relationships from MEDLINE and TCM bibliographic literature. This paper introduces TCM literature (about 50,000 records) as one knowledge source for constructing literature-based gene networks. We use the TCM diagnosis, TCM syndrome, to automatically congregate the related genes. The syndrome-gene relationships are discovered based on the syndrome-disease relationships extracted from TCM literature and the disease-gene relationships in MEDLINE. Based on the bubble-bootstrapping and relation weight computing methods, we have developed a prototype system called MeDisco/3S, which has name entity and relation extraction, and online analytical processing (OLAP) capabilities, to perform the integrative mining process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have got about 200,000 syndrome-gene relations, which could help generate syndrome-based gene networks, and help analyze the functional knowledge of genes from syndrome perspective. We take the gene network of Kidney-Yang Deficiency syndrome (KYD syndrome) and the functional analysis of some genes, such as CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone), PTH (parathyroid hormone), PRL (prolactin), BRCA1 (breast cancer 1, early onset) and BRCA2 (breast cancer 2, early onset), to demonstrate the preliminary results. The underlying hypothesis is that the related genes of the same syndrome will have some biological functional relationships, and will constitute a functional network.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper presents an approach to integrate TCM literature and modern biomedical data to discover novel gene networks and functional knowledge of genes. The preliminary results show that the novel gene functional knowledge and gene networks, which are worthy of further investigation, could be generated by integrating the two complementary biomedical data sources. It will be a promising research field through integrative mining of TCM and modern life science literature.
authors.affiliation: China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. zxz@mail.cintcm.ac.cn
authors.forename: Xuezhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Baoyan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods*; D016239:MEDLINE; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D049490:Systems Biology / Q000379:methods*