title: Ethylcellulose formulations for controlled release of the herbicide alachlor in a sandy soil.
abstract: The development of controlled-release formulations of alachlor to diminish its leaching in sandy soils, avoiding groundwater contamination and maintaining its efficacy, was studied. For this purpose, ethylcellulose (EC) microencapsulated formulations (MEFs) of alachlor were prepared under different conditions and applied to soil columns to study their mobility. The results show that in all cases the release into water of alachlor from MEFs was retarded when compared with commercial formulation. Total leaching losses in soil columns were reduced to 59% from 98%. The mobility of alachlor from EC microspheres into soil columns has been greatly diminished in comparison with its current commercial formulation (CF), above all with increasing EC/herbicide ratios. Distribution of alachlor applied as MEFs at different depths in the soil was higher in the soil surface (66.3-81.3% of herbicide applied at the first 12 cm). In contrast, the residues from CF along the complete soil column were only 20.4%. From the results of bioassays, MEFs showed a higher efficacy than CF at 30 days after the treatment. The use of ME formulations could provide an advantage in minimizing the risk of groundwater contamination by alachlor and reducing the application rates, as a result of maintaining the desired concentration of the herbicide in the top soil layer, obtaining longer periods of weed control.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology (CSIC), Apartado 1052, 41080 Seville, Spain. fsopenav@irnase.csic.es
authors.forename: Fátima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sopeña
authors.forename: Alegría
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maqueda
authors.forename: Esmeralda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morillo
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006540:Herbicides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D008863:Microspheres; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*