title: Morphological characteristics affecting extraction decision in class ii division 1 malocclusion in females.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the morphological characteristics affecting extraction decision in Class II Division 1 malocclusion in females.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dental Section, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from June 2002 to June 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lateral cephalograms and study casts of 35 female patients having Class II Division 1 malocclusion were taken. Out of those, 13 were treated with 4 premolar extractions while 22 were treated on non-extraction basis. The cephalometric and cast analysis of Aga Khan University Hospital was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the extraction group had larger SN-MP, FMA, and LFH: AFH, L1-NB (mm), E plane-LS, E plane-LI, S line-LS, S line-LI, and smaller Z angle. However, the sagittal discrepancy and tooth size arch length discrepancy had no significant difference between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vertical dimensions and the upper and lower lip were the key structures to decide about extraction or non-extraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Section of Dentistry, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi.
authors.forename: Aneel K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bherwani
authors.forename: Mubassar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fida