Role of Toll-like receptors in HMGB1 release from macrophages.
HMGB1 is a nonhistone nuclear protein that can serve as a cytokine and activate innate immunity. The translocation of this molecule from the inside to the outside of cells is a critical event in inflammation, occurring following activation of certain Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as well as during the course of apoptotic as well as necrotic cell death. Because the kinetics of HMGB1 release differs from that of a conventional cytokine, it provides a broader therapeutic window and may be an important new target of therapy for inflammatory, autoimmune, and infectious diseases.
Pisetsky
David S
DS
Medical Research Service, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA. dpiset@acpub.duke.edu
Jiang
Weiwen
W
D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018448:Models, Immunological; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*