title: Determination of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) versus ox-LDL/beta2GPI complexes for the assessment of autoimmune-mediated atherosclerosis.
abstract: The immunolocalization of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL), beta2-glycoprotein I (beta(2)GPI), CD4(+)/CD8(+) immunoreactive lymphocytes, and immunoglobulins in atherosclerotic lesions strongly suggested an active participation of the immune system in atherogenesis. Oxidative stress leading to ox-LDL production is thought to play a central role in both the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. ox-LDL is highly proinflammatory and chemotactic for macrophage/monocyte and immune cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to measure circulating ox-LDL have been developed and are being currently used to assess oxidative stress as risk factor or marker of atherosclerotic disease. ox-LDL interacts with beta(2)GPI and circulating ox-LDL/beta(2)GPI complexes have been demonstrated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). It has been postulated that beta(2)GPI binds ox-LDL to neutralize its proinflammatory and proatherosclerotic effects. Because beta(2)GPI is ubiquitous in plasma, its interaction with ox-LDL may mask oxidized epitopes recognized by capture antibodies potentially interfering with immunoassays results. The measurement of ox-LDL/beta(2)GPI complexes may circumvent this interference representing a more physiological and accurate way of measuring ox-LDL.
authors.affiliation: Corgenix Inc., Broomfield, CO 80020, USA. llopez@corgenix.com
authors.forename: Luis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Tammy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Buckner
authors.forename: Beth L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Hurley
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matsuura
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002021:Buffers; D006801:Humans; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I / Q000378:metabolism*