Martian north pole summer temperatures: dirty water ice.
Broadband thermal and reflectance observations of the martian north polar region in late summer yield temperatures for the residual polar cap near 205 K with albedos near 43 percent. The residual cap and several outlying smaller deposits are water ice with included dirt; there is no evidence for any permanent carbon dioxide polar cap.
Kieffer
H H
HH
Chase
S C
SC
Martin
T Z
TZ
Miner
E D
ED
Palluconi
F D
FD