title: Anthracenedione derivative 1403P-3 induces apoptosis in KB and KBv200 cells via reactive oxygen species-independent mitochondrial pathway and death receptor pathway.
abstract: Anthracenedione derivatives are potent cytotoxic agents to tumor cells. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activities of anthracenedione derivative 1403P-3 separated from the secondary metabolites of the mangrove endophytic fungus No. 1403. Our results demonstrated that 1403P-3 showed potent cytotoxicity not only to human epidermoid carcinoma drug-sensitive parental KB cells but also to multidrug resistant (MDR) KBv200 cells and the IC50 values were 19.66 and 19.27 muM, respectively. Further research indicated that 1403P-3 induced apoptosis in KB cells and KBv200 cells confirmed by Hoechst 33258 staining, detection of DNA fragmentation and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Furthermore, apoptosis triggered by 1403P-3 was characterized by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)), release of cytochrome c, cleavage of Bid, and activation of caspases-2, -3, -7, -8 and -9. Z-IETD-FMK, caspase-8 inhibitor could inhibit the activation of caspase-2 and cleavage of Bid induced by 1403P-3. However, activation of caspase-9 and cleavage of PARP caused by 1403P-3 were not inhibited by Z-IETD-FMK. Additionally, 1403P-3 did not influence the expression level of Bcl-2 and Bax. It is noteworthy that 1403P-3 decreased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in KB cells and KBv200 cells. DNA binding assay exhibited that apoptosis induced by 1403P-3 was not involved in intercalating to DNA. In summary, 1403P-3 induced apoptosis of KB cells and KBv200 cells through mitochondrial pathway and death receptor pathway. Furthermore, the mitochondrial pathway was independent of reactive oxygen species and activation of caspase-8.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China.
authors.forename: Jian-ye
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hai-ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xue-kui
authors.initials: XK
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Yong-ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Yan-yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Zhi-gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: She
authors.forename: Yong-cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Li-wu
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D053218:Receptors, Death Domain / Q000378:metabolism*