title: Low serum selenium is associated with anemia among older adults in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that low serum selenium was associated with anemia in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2092 adults aged 65 and older, in the third National Nutrition Examination Survey, Phase 2 (1991-1994) (NHANES III).
  
  
  METHODS
  Examination of the relationship between serum selenium and hematological indices in NHANES III.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anemia, defined by World Health Organization criteria, was present in 12.9%. Mean serum selenium among non-anemic and anemic adults was 1.60 and 1.51 micromol l(-1) (P=0.0003). The prevalence of anemia among adults in the lowest to highest quartiles of serum selenium was 18.3, 9.5, 9.7 and 6.9%, respectively (P=0.0005). The proportion of adults in the lowest quartile of selenium among those who were non-anemic or who had anemia due to nutritional causes, chronic inflammation, renal disease or unexplained anemia was 9.9, 27.5, 17.5, 24.0 and 15.4%, respectively. An increase in log(e) selenium was associated with a reduced risk of anemia (odds ratio per one standard deviation increase 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.58-0.97, P=0.03), adjusting for age, race, education, body mass index and chronic diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low serum selenium is independently associated with anemia among older men and women in the United States.
authors.affiliation: The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. rdsemba@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Semba
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Ricks
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrucci
authors.forename: Q-L
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guralnik
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Fried
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000740:Anemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology