title: Surface vibrational spectroscopic studies of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobicity.
abstract: Surface vibrational spectroscopy by sum-frequency generation was used to study hydrophobicity at the molecular level at various interfaces: water-surfactant-coated quartz, water-hexane, and water-air. In all cases, hydrophobicity was characterized by the appearance of dangling hydroxyl bonds on 25 percent of the surface water molecules. At the water-quartz interface, packing restrictions force the water surface layer to have a more ordered, ice-like structure. A partly wettable water-quartz interface was also studied.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Freysz
authors.forename: Y R
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Shen