title: BK virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis in pediatric cancer patients receiving high-dose cyclophosphamide.
abstract: Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a known complication of oxazophosphorine chemotherapy. BK virus (BKV) has been commonly found to be associated with hematuria in stem cell transplant patients; however, it has rarely been reported after cyclophosphamide chemotherapy alone. The authors present 3 cases of BK viruria with HC in nontransplant pediatric oncology patients. The 3 patients with BKV had more prolonged hematuria (14 to 16 wk) compared with 1 patient with BKV-negative HC (10 wk). The HC necessitated chemotherapy delays and also prolonged supportive care. One patient was treated with intravenous cidofovir with resolution of BK viruria and hematuria. BKV may have an association with the development of HC in nonstem cell transplant patients receiving high-dose oxazophosphorine chemotherapy. HC may present early and be more prolonged in patients with BK viruria. Patients with HC after cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide with negative bacterial cultures should be studied for BKV. Cidofovir may be beneficial in certain patients with BK viruria and HC; however, definitive data will require a clinical trial.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Louisville, and Kosair Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. acchee01@louisville.edu
authors.forename: Alexandra C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cheerva
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.forename: Salvatore J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bertolone
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bertolone
authors.forename: Craig L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001739:BK Virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003556:Cystitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014556:Urine / Q000821:virology