title: Relationship between brachial flow-mediated dilation and carotid intima-media thickness in an elderly cohort: the Cardiovascular Health Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in a large multi-ethnic elderly cohort.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a physiologic measure and carotid IMT is an anatomic structural measure of subclinical atherosclerosis. Both brachial FMD and carotid IMT have been associated with cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular events. The relationship between brachial FMD and carotid IMT is less clear especially in older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Brachial FMD, carotid IMT and traditional cardiovascular risk factors were measured in 2338 adults, age 72-98 years who were participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study. The relationship between FMD and IMT was assessed both unadjusted and also after adjusting for age, gender and race/ethnicity, BMI, HDL, LDL, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum creatinine, current smoking, diabetes mellitus, hormone therapy and prior CVD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both brachial FMD and carotid IMT correlated significantly with age, HDL levels, waist/hip ratio, serum cholesterol and number of CV risk factors. Brachial FMD was not associated with CCA IMT in this elderly cohort (Pearson partial correlation coefficient=-0.0252, p=0.222). In the adjusted linear regression model with CCA IMT as the dependent variable, brachial FMD was also not associated with CCA IMT (beta coefficient=-0.006, p=0.470).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brachial FMD and CCA IMT are not related in population-based older adults. Brachial FMD and CCA IMT may be distinct and independent stages in the complex atherosclerotic process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States. jyeboah@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yeboah
authors.forename: Gregory L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Crouse
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Herrington
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D018056:Hemorheology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation