title: The Sonic hedgehog pathway mediates carbamylated erythropoietin-enhanced proliferation and differentiation of adult neural progenitor cells.
abstract: Carbamylated erythropoietin (CEPO), a well characterized erythropoietin (EPO) derivative, does not bind to the classical EPO receptor and does not stimulate erythropoiesis. Using neural progenitor cells derived from the subventricular zone of the adult mouse, we investigated the effect of CEPO on neurogenesis and the associated signaling pathways in vitro. We found that CEPO significantly increased neural progenitor cell proliferation and promoted neural progenitor cell differentiation into neurons, which was associated with up-regulation of Sonic hedgehog (Shh), its receptor ptc, and mammalian achaete-scute homolog 1 (Mash1), a pro-neuron basic helix-loop-helix protein transcription factor. Blockage of the Shh signaling pathway with a pharmacological inhibitor, cyclopamine, abolished the CEPO-induced neurogenesis. Attenuation of endogenous Mash1 expression by short-interfering RNA blocked CEPO-promoted neuronal differentiation. In addition, recombinant mouse Shh up-regulated Mash1 expression in neural progenitor cells. These results demonstrate that the Shh signaling pathway mediates CEPO-enhanced neurogenesis and Mash1 is a downstream target of the Shh signaling pathway that regulates CEPO-enhanced neuronal differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health Sciences Center, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zheng Gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sara R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Gregg
authors.forename: Rui Lan
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhongxian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: LeTourneau
authors.forename: Xianshuang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yifan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gerwien
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Torup
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leist
authors.forename: Constance Tom
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Zhi-Yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chopp
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015854:Up-Regulation