title: [Black tongue].
abstract: In a patient with Sjogren syndrome, receiving prednisone and methotrexate, treatment with ceftriaxone was prescribed for presumed urinary tract infection. About 20 minutes from initiation of the intravenous drug administration, the patient's lips and tongue color turned black, without swelling or additional visible changes. The drug was discontinued immediately and the black color gradually disappeared within the next 24 hours. The patient recalled a similar past episode, following local anesthetic reagent injection to the gums, for tooth extraction. Black tongue may result from a fungal disease of mouth membranes, external pigment deposition, usually associated with drugs, such as bismuth preparations, and overproduction and deposition of melanin, induced by medications, such as minocin. It is assumed that ceftriaxone, herein linked to this condition for the first time, mediated the appearance of black tongue in our patient through overproduction or fast accumulation of melanin in the patient's mouth membranes.
authors.affiliation: Medicine F, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Alexey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naimushin
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Livneh
mesh_terms: D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014060:Tongue Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology