title: High school biology today: what the Committee of Ten actually said.
abstract: This essay describes how in the 1890s the Committee of Ten arrived at their recommendations about the organization of the high school biological sciences and seeks to correct the frequently held, but erroneous view that the Committee of Ten was the initiator of the Biology-Chemistry-Physics order of teaching sciences prevalent in high schools today. The essay details the factors underlying the changing views of high school biology from its "natural history" origins, through its "zoology, botany, physiology" disciplinary phase to its eventual integration into a "general biology" course. The simultaneous parallel development of the "Carnegie Unit" for measuring coursework is highlighted as a significant contributor in the evolution of the present day high school biology course. The essay concludes with a discussion of the implications of the grade placement of the sciences for the future development of high school biology.
authors.affiliation: Long Island Group Advancing Science Education, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5233, USA. ksheppard@notes.cc.sunysb.edu
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sheppard
authors.forename: Dennis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Robbins
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001695:Biology / Q000193:education* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D012574:Schools; D012952:Societies