Panhandling: sharing of resources.
Panhandling was used to study sharing of resources. Male panhandlers were more successful in spring than in autumn. Female panhandlers were more successful than males in autumn. Panhandlers were generally successful only when submissively approaching individuals who were eating. Families and male-female pairs were resistant to panhandling. The results are discussed in terms of reciprocal altruism and kinship selection.
Lockard
J S
JS
McDonald
L L
LL
Clifford
D A
DA
Martinez
R
R