title: Craniopharyngiomas in children: recurrence, reoperation and outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Craniopharyngioma bears a high rate of recurrence and morbidity in childhood. Although the outcome after recurrence and reoperation is an important parameter for the long-term evaluation of craniopharyngioma, it is poorly documented in literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied children reoperated for recurrent craniopharyngioma in our institution since the advent of computed tomography (CT) scanner. Reoperation for tumor resection was decided whenever the recurrence was solid, with the aim total resection if possible and reasonable. Stereotactic techniques were used in case of cystic recurrence, and external irradiation was used only in case of recurrent tumor not amenable to surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From September 1981 to January 2007, we performed one or more reoperations in 20 children presenting with recurrent craniopharyngiomas. The total number of reoperations was 29: resection was total in 12 cases, near-total in 8 cases, partial in 8 cases, and undocumented in 1. In addition, stereotactic procedures were performed in 11 cases, and 5 patients underwent external irradiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No patient died after surgery or because of tumor progression; one patient died abruptly of an undiagnosed cause during external irradiation. The event-free survival after reoperation was 49.9% at 5 years and 40.0% at 10 years. At last control, after a mean follow-up of 70.4 months after the last surgery, nine patients were tumor-free and ten had stable disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reoperation for recurrent craniopharyngioma is an efficient method for tumor control and should be proposed whenever the recurrent tumor is solid. Morbidity results above all from tumor aggressiveness, rather than from surgical damage.
authors.affiliation: Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique, CHRU de Lille, 59 037, Lille Cedex, France. m-vinchon@chru-lille.fr
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vinchon
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dhellemmes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003397:Craniopharyngioma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011878:Radiotherapy; D012086:Reoperation; D016896:Treatment Outcome