title: Conduct disorder among Asians and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders in the USA.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conduct disorder (CD) is a relatively common disorder of childhood and adolescence in the USA with substantial associated morbidity, yet little has been published on CD among Asians and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders (NH/PI) in the USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) to examine the prevalence and correlates of retrospectively reported CD within Asians and NH/PI (18 years and older). We also completed logistic regressions to explore factors associated with CD within Asians (n=1093) and, separately, NH/PI (n=139) and to explain racial differences in CD prevalence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Asians were about a third as likely [odds ratio (OR) 0.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22-0.58] whereas NH/PI were about two and half times more likely (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.31-5.06) to have had CD compared with Caucasian respondents. Within Asians and NH/PI, CD was strongly associated with adult antisocial behavior, substance use and affective disorders. Demographic factors, the age that subjects came to the USA, measures of family environment and family history could not explain the observed differences in prevalence of CD for NH/PI relative to Caucasians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Asian and NH/PI youth with CD represent a subgroup of Asian youth at very high risk for a number of serious psychiatric disorders. Further investigation is needed to explain the high CD prevalence among NH/PI.
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA. joseph.sakai@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Risk
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology