title: Azoospermia factor deletions in varicocele cases with severe oligozoospermia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Varicocele is the most common cause of male infertility. The etiology and pathophysiology of varicocele are multifactorial. When low sperm counts are associated with varicocele, varicocelectomy can partially restore spermatogenesis and fertility. Few recent studies have reported that in some varicocele cases, there may be an associated genetic etiology. Presence of a genetic factor like azoospermia factor microdeletions may lead to irreversible spermatogenic arrest in these cases, but very few reports support these findings. However, it is still not understood why some cases improve after varicocelectomy and why some cases show no improvement in semen parameters postoperatively.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  It is important to distinguish varicocele cases from Yq microdeletions as these cases have irreversible testicular damage and thus carry a poor prognosis after varicocelectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research and Referral tertiary care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two infertile men with varicocele were referred for Yq microdeletion analysis from the infertility clinic of AIIMS and Army Research and Referral Hospital. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood and polymerase chain reaction microdeletion screening was done in these cases to determine the presence or deletion of AZF loci.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study 7 (9.7%) varicocele cases harbored Yq microdeletion. The sperm count in cases which harbored Yq microdeletion was significantly lower than in cases without Yq microdeletion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Varicocele cases with Yq microdeletion do not show improvement in semen parameters post-varicocelectomy. Detection of Yq microdeletion determines prognosis and future management in such cases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. rima_dada@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Rima
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dada
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Shamsi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sidhu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014646:Varicocele / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult