title: [The finite element study on zygomatic injury by impact in child].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to establish the constructive of craniofacial suture in the three-dimensional finite element model of craniofacial complex in child, to analyse the response procedure of the zygomatic impact, to explore the biomechanics characteristic of the children craniofacial trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 7-year-old female was adopted for study The complex cranial geometry was measured from a series of two-dimensional CT images. The multi-lay spiral CT scans were transformed with a self-developed preprocessor into a finite element mesh. The craniofacial sutures were constructed through the MSC Patran program. Identical impact and boundary conditions were used for the zygomatic impact simulations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It has been shown that the finite element model (FEM) exhibited fine morphological and mechanical comparability. The higher stress was showed in the zygomatic regions and atlas occipital articular in 3d FEM. The maximum von Mises stress was found at the zygomatic regions and atlas occipital articular.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concentrations of shear stress and tension stress in the suture and articular would increase the risk of injury in this area. But the conduction of the stress might be weakening in the suture of child skull.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Maxillo-facial Surgery. PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Hai-zhong
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Shao-peng
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Chun-sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Chun-ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Rong-fa
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Bu
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002648:Child; D003288:Contusions / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed; D015050:Zygoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D015051:Zygomatic Fractures / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*