title: Direct delivery of syngeneic and allogeneic large-scale expanded multipotent adult progenitor cells improves cardiac function after myocardial infarct.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC) comprise interesting candidates for myocardial regeneration because of a broad differentiation ability and immune privilege. We aimed to compare the improvement of cardiac function by syngeneic and allogeneic MAPC produced on a large scale using a platform optimized from MAPC research protocols.
  
  
  METHODS
  Myocardial infarction was induced in Lewis rats by direct left anterior descending ligation followed immediately by direct injection into the infarct border zone of either Sprague-Dawley or Lewis MAPC from large-scale expansions. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate improvement in cardiac function, and immunohistochemistry was performed to identify MAPC within the infarct zone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant increases were observed in functional performance in animals transplanted with expanded MAPC compared with saline controls, with no significant differences between the syngeneic and allogeneic groups. Immunostaining demonstrated significant engraftment of expanded MAPC at 1 day after acute myocardial infarction, with <10% of either syngeneic or allogeneic cells remaining at 6 weeks. At this point there was no evidence of myocardial regeneration. However, a significant increase in vascular density within the infarct zone in MAPC-transplanted animals was observed, and MAPC were found to produce high levels of VEGF in culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support a model in which delivery of expanded MAPC following acute myocardial infarction results in improvement in cardiac function because of paracrine effects resulting in vascular density increases, as well as potentially other trophic effects, supporting newly injured cardiac myocytes. Thus transplantation with MAPC may represent a promising therapeutic strategy with application in the stimulation of neovascularization in ischemic heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Van't Hof
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mal
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Popovic
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forudi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deans
authors.forename: Marc S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Penn
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology / Q000637:transplantation*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000379:methods; D014185:Transplantation, Isogeneic / Q000379:methods; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism