title: [Neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus].
abstract: Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) has become a popular term designing all neurological and psychiatric complications in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It occurs in up to two thirds of all SLE patients and it covers a vast array of disorders ranging from peripheral neuropathy to stroke, psychosis, and dementia. Mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of NPSLE include anti-neuronal antibodies, antiphospholipid antibody associated thrombosis, emboli from cardiac source and, rarely, vasculitis by immune complex depositions. Although the most common manifestations is cognitive dysfunction (50%), NPSLE may also present itself as peripheral neuropathy (15%), psychosis (10%), or other central nervous system abnormalities (stroke, organic brain syndrome, seizures). In lupus patients, one should always look for secondary causes of the neuropsychiatric manifestation, including infection, toxic metabolic abnormalities, and hypertension. We present two cases of SLE, which developed neuropsychiatric manifestations.
authors.affiliation: Universitatea de Medicină Si Farmacie Gr. T. Popa Iaşi, Facultatea de Medicină, Clinica IV Medicală-Nefrologie.
authors.forename: Ioana Dana
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Alexa
authors.forename: Mihaela Simona
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Stoica
authors.forename: Oana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Paraschiv
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Rusu
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D003704:Dementia / Q000209:etiology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D020945:Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome