title: Shoot Initiation from Carnation Shoot Apices Frozen to -196{degrees}C.
abstract: Aseptically excised shoot apices from Dianthus caryophyllus were frozen to -196 degrees C and subsequently thawed to room temperature. Survival rates as high as 33 percent, determined by callus formation, growth, or chlorophyll formation, are reported; plant formation has been observed.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seibert