title: The importance of polymerization and galloylation for the antiproliferative properties of procyanidin-rich natural extracts.
abstract: Grape (Vitis vinifera) and pine (Pinus pinaster) bark extracts are widely used as nutritional supplements. Procyanidin-rich fractions from grape and pine bark extract showing different mean degrees of polymerization, percentage of galloylation (percentage of gallate esters) and reactive oxygen species-scavenging capacity were tested on HT29 human colon cancer cells. We observed that the most efficient fractions in inhibiting cell proliferation, arresting the cell cycle in G(2) phase and inducing apoptosis were the grape fractions with the highest percentage of galloylation and mean degree of polymerization. Additionally, the antiproliferative effects of grape fractions were consistent with their oxygen radical-scavenging capacity and their ability to trigger DNA condensation-fragmentation.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Biology Faculty, University of Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lizarraga
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Briedé
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van Delft
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Touriño
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Centelles
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cascante
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D001704:Biopolymers / Q000737:chemistry; D002392:Catechin / Q000737:chemistry*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*