title: Non-invasive in vivo diffuse optical spectroscopy monitoring of cyanide poisoning in a rabbit model.
abstract: The objective of this study is to establish a cyanide toxicity animal model and to investigate the ability of broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) to non-invasively monitor physiological changes that occur during the development of cyanide toxicity in a rabbit model. Broadband DOS combines multi-frequency frequency-domain photon migration (FDPM) with time-independent near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to quantitatively measure bulk tissue absorption and scattering spectra between 600 nm and 1000 nm. Serum cyanide concentration and arterial and venous blood gas analysis at pre- and post-cyanide infusion were presented. To investigate the ability of DOS to non-invasively monitor physiologic changes occurring during development of CN toxicity, tissue concentrations of deoxyhemoglobin [Hb-R], oxyhemoglobin [Hb-O2], cytochrome c oxidase oxidized state [CcO_Ox] and reduced state [CcO_Re] were determined from absorption spectra acquired in 'real time' during cyanide infusions (NaCN 6 mg/60 ml normal saline) in six pathogen-free New Zealand white rabbits. During cyanide infusion, in vivo tissue oxygen saturation increased ( approximately 10%). In addition, broadband DOS was able to detect a concurrent increase in [CcO_Re] and decrease in [CcO_Ox]. Changes in tissue scattering properties in all six animals were detected during these events, confirming the need for DOS-based methods over traditional NIR spectroscopy to obtain accurate results.
authors.affiliation: Laser Microbeam and Medical Program, Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92612-1475, USA. jangwl@uci.edu
authors.forename: Jangwoen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kreuter
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Tromberg
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brenner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D011190:Potassium Cyanide / Q000097:blood* / Q000633:toxicity*; D011817:Rabbits; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute / Q000379:methods*