title: Origin of espanola island and the age of terrestrial life on the galapagos islands.
abstract: Geological studies of Española (Hood) Island, Galápagos, Ecuador, indicate that the island had a subaerial rather than a submarine origin. Because the younger lava flows are dated at 3 million years, Española has apparently existed as an island for at least that long. Thus terrestrial life may have existed or arrived on the Galápagos Islands at least 3 million years ago, more than twice as long as had been assumed.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hall