title: Supercritical fluid extracts of rosemary leaves exhibit potent anti-inflammation and anti-tumor effects.
abstract: Supercritical fluid SF-CO2 treatment of Rosemarinus officinalis L. fresh leaves under optimum conditions (80 degrees C at 5,000 psi) yielded 5.3% of extract supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)-80, in which five major active principles were identified by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), viz., rosmarinic acid, carnosol, 12-methoxycarnosic acid, carnosic acid, and methyl carnosate. Total phenolic content was 155.8 mg/ gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g in SFE-80, which showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging of 81.86% at 0.01 mg/ml. When treated in RAW 264.7, apparent dose-dependent NO inhibition occurred at dosages of 1.56 to 6.25 microg/ml, and more drastically at 12.5 and 25 microg/ml. At 0.5 to 5.0 microg/ml, SFE-80 exhibited dose-dependent viability suppression and significant tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production in Hep 3B, whereas no effect was found in Chang liver cells. Furthermore, no effect was observed in RAW 264.7 at dosages of 3.13 to 25 microg/ml, indicating that SFE-80 exhibited a noncytotoxic character. Conclusively, rosemary can be considered an herbal anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor agent.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Medical Science, Hungkuang University, No 34, Chung Chie Rd, Shalu County, Taichung Hsien, 43302, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiung-Huei
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Jeng-De
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Charng-Cherng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chyau
authors.forename: Tzu-Ying
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Shin-Shien
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Chiung-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Robert Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D011312:Pressure; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis