title: Is donepezil useful for improving cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cognitive dysfunctions are being recognized as a major roadblock to functional recovery in patients with bipolar disorders. Little is known about the treatment of these cognitive dysfunctions. Donepezil, approved to treat memory dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease, is evaluated for cognitive dysfunctions common in bipolar disorder. Of concern is some evidence that donepezil may trigger affective instability.
  
  
  METHODS
  All bipolar disordered patients in a private practice setting treated with donepezil for memory problems were analyzed. Patients were assessed for memory improvement and change in psychiatric status with the Clinical Global Impression of Improvement Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-nine of 58 patients (67%) reported improvement with a mean score of 1.82 (standard deviation+/-0.82). Nine treatments were stopped because of side effects and 4 showed no response. No bipolar I patient received benefits. Thirty-six of 43 (84%) of bipolar II patients showed improvement. Fifty percent of bipolar NOS showed improvement. Four bipolar I patients (57%), 1 bipolar II patient (2%) and 2 bipolar NOS patients (25%) stopped donepezil due to worsening affective symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is a naturalistic case series with a single evaluator. Other medications used in treatment were changed as clinically indicated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case series suggests utility for donepezil in the treatment of cognitive problems associated with bipolar II disorder and bipolar disorder NOS. Bipolar I patients showed no improvement and a concerning trend to destabilize with donepezil treatment.
authors.affiliation: 503 Remington St., Fort Collins, Colorado 80524, United States. DepressionBipolarClinic@comcast.com
authors.forename: Tammas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077265:Donepezil; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011331:Private Practice; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome