title: Protection from ataxia-linked apoptosis by gap junction inhibitors.
abstract: Mutations in the protein kinase C gamma (PKCgamma) gene cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 14 (SCA14), a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder. Synthetic peptides (C1B1) serve as gap junction inhibitors through activation of PKCgamma control of gap junctions. We investigated the neuroprotective potential of these peptides against SCA14 mutation-induced cell death using neuronal HT22 cells. The C1B1 synthetic peptides completely restored PKCgamma enzyme activity and subsequent control of gap junctions. PKCgamma SCA14 mutant proteins were shown to cause aggregation which initially resulted in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cell apoptosis as demonstrated by phosphorylation of PERK on Thr981, activation of caspase-12, increases in BiP/GRP78 protein levels, and consequent activation of caspase-3. Pre-incubation with C1B1 peptides completely abolished these SCA14 effects on ER stress and caspase-3 activation, suggesting that C1B1 peptides protect cells from apoptosis through inhibition of gap junctions by restoration of PKCgamma control of gap junctions, which may result in neuroprotection in SCA14.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, 141 Chalmers Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. dingbo@ksu.edu
authors.forename: Dingbo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Dolores J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Takemoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002449:Cell Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D020754:Spinocerebellar Ataxias / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology