title: Blockade of CD40/CD40 ligand interactions attenuates skin fibrosis and autoimmunity in the tight-skin mouse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association of CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) interactions with the development of skin fibrosis and autoimmunity in tight-skin (TSK/+) mouse, which is a mouse model for human systemic sclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Newly born TSK/+ mice were treated with murine anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody (100 microg intraperitoneally weekly). Hypodermal thickness of 8-week-old female mice (defined as the thickness of a subcutaneous loose connective tissue layer beneath the panniculus carnosus) was measured under a light microscope. All skin sections were taken from the para-midline, upper back region. Serum anti-topoisomerase I autoantibody levels, serum immunoglobulin levels and plasma soluble CD40L levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For analysis of lymphocyte surface molecules, single cell suspensions of lymphocytes were stained by monoclonal antibodies. Proliferation of TSK/+ B cells and fibroblasts to anti-CD40 antibodies was assessed by the uptake of [3H]-labelled thymidine and bromodeoxyuridine, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The blockade of CD40/CD40L interactions by anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody significantly reduced cutaneous fibrosis (65%) and anti-topoisomerase I autoantibody in TSK/+ mice. Anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody also normalised B lymphocyte abnormal activation in TSK/+ mice, demonstrated by hyper-gamma-globulinaemia. Furthermore, augmented CD40/CD40L interactions in TSK/+ mice were suggested by upregulated expression of CD40L on CD4(+) T cells, elevated plasma soluble CD40L levels. The hyperresponsiveness to CD40 stimulation was also observed in TSK/+ B cells and fibroblasts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cutaneous fibrosis and autoimmunity in TSK/+ mice are closely correlated with CD40/CD40L interactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanaba
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horikawa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takehara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019138:Antibodies, Blocking / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D015551:Autoimmunity; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D015854:Up-Regulation