title: Anthelmintic activity of Chenopodium album (L) and Caesalpinia crista (L) against trichostrongylid nematodes of sheep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was carried out to determine the anthelmintic activity of Caesalpinia crista (L.) (Fabaceae) seed kernel and Chenopodium album (L.) (Chenopodiaceae) whole plant in order to justify their traditional use in veterinary medicine.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro anthelmintic activity of crude aqueous methanolic extract (AME) of both the plants was determined using mature Haemonchus contortus and their eggs in adult motility assay and egg hatch test, respectively. In vivo anthelmintic activity was evaluated in sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes by administering crude powder (CP) and AME in increasing doses (1.0-3.0 g/kg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both plants exhibited dose- and time-dependent anthelmintic effects by causing mortality of worms and inhibition of egg hatching. Caesalpinia crista (LC50=0.134 mg/mL) was found to be more potent than Chenopodium album (LC50=0.449 mg/mL) in egg hatch test. In vivo, maximum reduction in eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces was recorded as 93.9 and 82.2% with Caesalpinia crista and Chenopodium album AME at 3.0 g/kg on day 13 and 5 post-treatment, respectively. Levamisole (7.5 mg/kg), a standard anthelmintic agent, showed 95.1-95.6% reduction in EPG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show that both Caesalpinia crista and Chenopodium album possess anthelmintic activity in vitro and in vivo, thus, justifying their use in the traditional medicine system of Pakistan.
authors.affiliation: Chemotherapy Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan. jabbaruaf@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jabbar
authors.forename: Muhammad Arfan
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zaman
authors.forename: Zafar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yaseen
authors.forename: Asim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shamim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D029911:Caesalpinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D027463:Chenopodium album / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D006188:Haemonchiasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000662:veterinary; D006189:Haemonchus / Q000187:drug effects; D007978:Levamisole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D010154:Pakistan; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012639:Seeds; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D013997:Time Factors