title: The 24-h carbohydrate oxidation rate in a human respiratory chamber predicts ad libitum food intake.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The 24-h respiratory quotient (24-h RQ) and 24-h carbohydrate balance (24-h CHO-Bal) are predictors of weight change. Whether these relations are mediated by the effects of substrate oxidation and balance on food intake is not known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We tested whether substrate oxidation and balance predict future ad libitum food intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  Substrate oxidation and balance were measured in a respiratory chamber in 112 normoglycemic subjects (83 Pima Indians and 29 whites; 67 men and 45 women) in energy balance for 3 d before tests were performed. The subjects then self-selected their food ad libitum for the following 3 d.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 24-h RQ, 24-h carbohydrate oxidation (24-h CHO-Ox), and 24-h CHO-Bal in the respiratory chamber predicted subsequent ad libitum food intake over 3 d (as a percentage of weight maintenance energy needs; %EN-WM). The 24-h CHO-Ox explained 15% of the variance in %EN-WM. The weight change over the 3-d ad libitum period was associated positively with 24-h CHO-Ox and negatively with 24-h CHO-Bal in the chamber; these associations were no longer significant after adjustment for %EN-WM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carbohydrate oxidation and balance predict subsequent ad libitum food intake and can influence short-term weight changes, which indicates that carbohydrate balance is a contributing metabolic factor affecting food intake.
authors.affiliation: Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA. nico.pannacciulli@amylin.com
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pannacciulli
authors.forename: Arline D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Salbe
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: Colleen A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Venti
authors.forename: Clifton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bogardus
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krakoff
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D044465:White People