title: Effects of excessive ethanol consumption on the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome using its clinical diagnostic criteria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Various morbid conditions constituting the metabolic syndrome could be also caused by excessive ethanol consumption. Thus, it is conceivable that excessive ethanol consumption may affect the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome using its current diagnostic criteria. Here, we investigated this.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study involving 2,130 Japanese man subjects aged 20 to 65 was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of subjects judged to have metabolic syndrome using its diagnostic criteria for Japanese was 15.7%. However, the prevalence was significantly higher in excessive drinkers who consume more than 20 grams of ethanol per day (n=473, 22.0%) than average drinkers (n=1,657, 13.9%, chi2=18.0, p<0.0001). The rate of subjects who satisfied each component of the criteria of the metabolic syndrome, namely that of an excessive waist circumference, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or hyperglycemia was significantly higher in the former than in the latter, respectively. When subjects with a waist circumferences of 85 cm or more were selectively studied, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was still higher in excessive drinkers (39.2%) than in average drinkers (32.4%, chi2=4.0, p=0.049), whereas the waist circumference was not significantly different between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excessive ethanol consumption is associated with an increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome following the current clinical diagnostic criteria. Excessive ethanol consumption could simply be a factor worsening the metabolic syndrome. However, we must be aware of another possibility that excessive ethanol consumption increases the number of subjects regarded as the metabolic syndrome via mechanisms differing from visceral fat accumulation.
authors.affiliation: Health Center, Keio University, Tokyo. yokoyama@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Hirose
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiroshi
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohgo
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hibi
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000209:etiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged