title: Autonomic modulation of arterial pressure and heart rate variability in hypertensive diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the autonomic modulation of the cardiovascular system in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), evaluating baroreflex sensitivity and arterial pressure and heart rate variability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male SHR were divided in control (SHR) and diabetic (SHR+DM, 5 days after STZ) groups. Arterial pressure (AP) and baroreflex sensitivity (evaluated by tachycardic and bradycardic responses to changes in AP) were monitored. Autoregressive spectral estimation was performed for systolic AP (SAP) and pulse interval (PI) with oscillatory components quantified as low (LF:0.2-0.6Hz) and high (HF:0.6-3.0Hz) frequency ranges.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean AP and heart rate in SHR+DM (131+/-3 mmHg and 276+/-6 bpm) were lower than in SHR (160+/-7 mmHg and 330+/-8 bpm). Baroreflex bradycardia was lower in SHR+DM as compared to SHR (0.55+/-0.1 vs. 0.97+/-0.1 bpm/mmHg). Overall SAP variability in the time domain (standard deviation of beat-by-beat time series of SAP) was lower in SHR+DM (3.1+/-0.2 mmHg) than in SHR (5.7+/-0.6 mmHg). The standard deviation of the PI was similar between groups. Diabetes reduced the LF of SAP (3.3+/-0.8 vs. 28.7+/-7.6 mmHg2 in SHR), while HF of SAP were unchanged. The power of oscillatory components of PI did not differ between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that the association of hypertension and diabetes causes an impairment of the peripheral cardiovascular sympathetic modulation that could be, at least in part, responsible for the reduction in AP levels. Moreover, this study demonstrates that diabetes might actually impair the reduced buffer function of the baroreceptors while reducing blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vera de Moura Azevedo
authors.initials: Vde M
authors.lastname: Farah
authors.forename: Kátia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Angelis
authors.forename: Luis Fernando
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Joaquim
authors.forename: Georgia O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Candido
authors.forename: Nathalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bernardes
authors.forename: Rubens
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fazan
authors.forename: Beatriz D'Agord
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Schaan
authors.forename: Maria-Claudia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Irigoyen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin