title: Bather density and levels of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and pathogenic microsporidian spores in recreational bathing water.
abstract: The study demonstrated that the resuspension of bottom sediments caused by bathers and their direct microbial input resulted in elevated levels of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, Giardia lamblia cysts, and microsporidian spores, particularly Enterocytozoon bieneusi, in recreational beach water on days deemed acceptable for bathing by fecal bacterial standards.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Environmental Health Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. tgraczyk@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: Thaddeus K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Graczyk
authors.forename: Deirdre
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sunderland
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tamang
authors.forename: Frances E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Lucy
authors.forename: Patrick N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Breysse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001493:Bathing Beaches; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000469:parasitology; D016785:Cryptosporidium parvum / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D016829:Giardia lamblia / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D016814:Microsporidia / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D016881:Microsporidiosis / Q000382:microbiology; D011998:Recreation; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification