title: The organizational effects of oxytocin on the central expression of estrogen receptor alpha and oxytocin in adulthood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have demonstrated that neonatal manipulation of oxytocin (OT) has effects on the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) and the central production of oxytocin observed in juveniles (at weaning, 21 days of age). The goal of this study was to determine whether the effects of neonatal manipulation of OT last into adulthood, and if the effects differ from those observed during the early postnatal period. On the first day of life, prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) received one of three doses of OT (High, 3 microg; Med, 0.3 microg; Low, 0.03 microg), an OT antagonist, or isotonic saline. Another group was handled, but not injected. Then as adults, brains were collected, sectioned, and stained for ER alpha or OT using immunocytochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In females, treatment with OT increased the expression of ER alpha immunoreactivity in the ventral lateral septum (0.03 microg) and the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and central amygdala (0.3 microg). In males, OT antagonist increased ER alpha expression in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. There was no apparent effect of OT on the number of cells producing OT in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current results suggest that neonatal manipulation of OT has long-term organizational effects on the expression of ER alpha in both males and females. The lack of effect on OT neurons in the paraventricular nucleus suggests that some developmental effects of OT previously observed in weanlings do not persist into adulthood. Developmental effects of OT on ER alpha patterns were sexually dimorphic, dose-dependent, and site-specific.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA. kkramer1@memphis.edu
authors.forename: Kristin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Shigeto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Eros
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papademetriou
authors.forename: Bruce S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Cushing
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D003411:Arvicolinae; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000008:administration & dosage*