title: Efficacy of diphenyl diselenide against cerebral and pulmonary damage induced by cadmium in mice.
abstract: This study was designed to examine if diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)(2), an organoselenium compound, attenuates pulmonar and cerebral oxidative stress caused by sub-chronic exposure to CdCl(2). Male adult Swiss albino mice received CdCl(2) (10 micromol/kg, subcutaneously), 5 times/week, for 4 weeks. (PhSe)(2) (10 micromol/kg or 20 micromol/kg, orally) was given concomitantly with CdCl(2) to mice. A number of toxicological parameters in lung and brain of mice were examined including delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (delta-ALA-D), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities, lipid peroxidation, non-protein thiols (NPSH) and ascorbic acid content. Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, [(3)H]glutamate uptake and [(3)H]glutamate release were also carried out in brain. Cadmium concentration and histopathological analysis were carried out in lung tissue. (PhSe)(2) at the dose of 20 micromol/kg protected the inhibition of delta-ALA-D, SOD and CAT activities, the reduction of vitamin C content and the increase of lipid peroxidation levels caused by CdCl(2) in lungs. At 10 micromol/kg, (PhSe)(2) protected cerebral AChE and CAT activities inhibited by CdCl(2). There were no histopathological alterations in the lung of mice after CdCl(2) exposure. The pulmonary cadmium concentration was higher (2.8-fold) in the group exposed to CdCl(2) than in control mice. (PhSe)(2) at dose of 20 micromol/kg reduced cadmium concentration towards the control level. The results suggest that oral administration of (PhSe)(2) attenuated the oxidative damage induced by CdCl(2) in lung and brain of mice.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Quimica, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luchese
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brandão
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Cristina W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: Francielli Weber
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019256:Cadmium Chloride; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism