title: A preliminary study of spiritual self-schema (3-S(+)) therapy for reducing impulsivity in HIV-positive drug users.
abstract: The purpose of this study was twofold. First, pretreatment correlations are presented among impulsivity, intoxicant use, HIV risk behavior, spirituality, and motivation in a sample of 38 HIV-positive drug users. Second, treatment outcomes are presented from a preliminary study of spiritual self-schema (3-S(+)) therapy - a manual-guided psychotherapy integrating cognitive and Buddhist psychologies - for increasing motivation for abstinence, HIV prevention, and medication adherence. Impulsivity was negatively correlated with spiritual practices and motivation for recovery, and was positively related to intoxicant use and HIV risk behavior. Relative to a standard care comparison condition, patients completing 3-S(+) therapy reported greater decreases in impulsivity and intoxicant use, and greater increases in spiritual practices and motivation for abstinence, HIV prevention, and medication adherence.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, Welch Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. arthur.margolin@yale.edu
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Margolin
authors.forename: Zev
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Schuman-Olivier
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beitel
authors.forename: Ruth M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Carl E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Fulwiler
authors.forename: S Kelly
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Avants
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002016:Buddhism / Q000523:psychology*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D006694:Holistic Health; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D012069:Religion and Psychology; D012309:Risk-Taking; D026443:Spiritual Therapies / Q000379:methods*; D029181:Spirituality; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome