Breakpoint chlorination curves of greywater.
A study on chlorination of raw greywater with hypochlorite is reported in this paper. Samples were chlorinated in a variety of conditions, and residual chlorine (Cl2) was measured spectrophotometrically. For each sample, the chlorination curve (chlorine residuals versus chlorine dose) was obtained. Curves showed the typical hump-and-dip profile attributable to the formation and destruction of chloramines. It was observed that, after reactions with strong reductants and chloramines-forming compounds, the remaining organic matter exerted a certain demand of chlorine. The evolution of chlorination curves with addition of ammonia and dodecylbencene sulfonate sodium salt and with dilution of the greywater sample were studied. In addition, chlorination curves at several contact times have been obtained, resulting in slower chlorine decay in the hump zone than in the dip zone. In addition, the decay of coliforms in chlorinated samples was also investigated. It was found that, for a chlorination dosage corresponding to the maximum of the hump zone (average 8.9 mg Cl2/ L), samples were negative in coliforms after 10 to 30 minutes of contact time. After-growth was not observed within 3 days after chlorination. Implications in chlorination treatments of raw greywater can be derived from these results.
March
J G
JG
Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122-Palma de Mallorca, Spain. joan.march@uib.es
Gual
M
M
D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply