[When health makes the headlines. Press, elite complicities and health globalisation in Bamako, Mali].
To overcome the socio-medical failures observed in Africa's health services, researchers and practitioners of public health often mention the necessity to resort to counter-powers. But, what are precisely these counter-powers? To analyse the problem, we describe the treatment of health issues in the Bamako press during one year. The analysis of various processes (external references, lack of training, insufficient deontological standards, "elite" complicity among journalists and health directors) allows us to underline the complexity of the links between the press and health. The economic flows related to the economy of development "projects" in particular with AIDS, encourage the journalists to see themselves as "educationalists" of populations rather than spokesmen for their claims or difficulties. Two consequences follow. First of all the press counter-power has to be developed in the case one wishes to see it as the expression of "the voice of the voiceless" and a good help to make an "informal" evaluation of the quality of health cares by users. But, more generally within this context of globalisation of health, instead of encouraging the expression of a "popular" criticism, newspapers work out a system of mutual legitimacies and social connivances among local "elites". Far from contributing to the improvement of the health system by looking actively into the problem leading to a modernity under control, health journalism disconnects the discourse from its referent and contributes to discredit "political" language. This journalistic construction of the insignificance is one of the principal political effects of this medical journalism instrumentalized by institutions of development.
Jaffré
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SHADYC--EHESS Centre de la Vieille Charité 13002 Marseille, France. jaffre@univmed.fr
D028661:Complicity; D003254:Consumer Advocacy; D003709:Democracy; D005260:Female; D006262:Health; D006266:Health Education; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination; D007391:International Cooperation; D020452:Journalism / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics; D008297:Male; D008302:Mali; D008402:Mass Media / Q000941:ethics; D010506:Periodicals as Topic / Q000266:history / Q000639:trends; D011057:Politics; D011406:Propaganda; D016387:Women's Health