Three-dimensional methods in seismic exploration.
Two-dimensional seismic prospecting methods are inadequate to solve the three-dimensional geological problems that arise in petroleum exploration. The three-dimensional seismic technique is a data collection and processing system that samples the subsurface adequately. The structure and lithology of rocks are mapped accurately by imaging their acoustic reflectivity with the scalar wave equation. In oil industry economics, the expense of three-dimensional seismic methods is justified by their usefulness for discovering additional reserves and for reducing the growing costs of developing oil and gas fields.
Graebner
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R
Wason
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C
Meinardus
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H