Eating fast leads to insulin resistance: findings in middle-aged Japanese men and women.
OBJECTIVE
To examine relationships between speed of eating and insulin resistance.


METHODS
Cross-sectional study of 2704 male (mean age and BMI: 48.2 y and 23.3 kg/m(2)) and 761 female (46.3 y and 21.8 kg/m(2)) non-diabetic Japanese civil servants, 75% clerical, and 25% manual laborers, using a two-part questionnaire on life-style factors and diet history with self-assessment of categorical speed of eating and energy intake over a 1-month period. We measured BMI, blood glucose and insulin concentrations and calculated insulin resistance using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance: (HOMA-IR).


RESULTS
BMI correlated with eating rate in both sexes, and with daily energy intake in men. Multiple regression analysis of log HOMA-IR by categorical speed of eating, adjusting for age, energy intake and lifestyle factors showed a statistically significant gradual increase in HOMA-IR with increases in relative eating rate in men (p<0.001, for trend) and in women (p<0.01). Adjusting for BMI, this positive relationship appeared only in men (p=0.03).


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that eating fast is independently associated with insulin resistance in middle-aged Japanese men and women.
Otsuka
Rei
R
Department of Public Health/Health Information Dynamics, Field of Social Life Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
Tamakoshi
Koji
K
Yatsuya
Hiroshi
H
Wada
Keiko
K
Matsushita
Kunihiro
K
OuYang
Pei
P
Hotta
Yo
Y
Takefuji
Seiko
S
Mitsuhashi
Hirotsugu
H
Sugiura
Kaichiro
K
Sasaki
Satoshi
S
Kral
John G
JG
Toyoshima
Hideaki
H
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors