title: Fossil mycorrhizae: a case for symbiosis.
abstract: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae are significant in the physiology and ecology of extant vascular plants, and they may also have played a major role in the origin of the vascular land flora. The case for fossil vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae rests upon hyphae and chlamydospore-like bodies in several Paleozoic taxa, but fossil arbuscles are unknown to date. Specimens from the Triassic of Antarctica represent the first known occurrence of arbuscles in the fossil record.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Stubblefield
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Trappe