Air pollution: impact on maternal and perinatal health.
While air pollution levels have fallen in recent years, air quality in the United States is still poor and adversely affects the health of millions of persons. Because of physiologic changes in pregnancy, pregnant women and their fetuses are among the most vulnerable. This paper reviews the current state of our air quality, the impact that exposure to air pollution has on general health and the health of a pregnancy, and offers suggestions on how to minimize exposures.
Hackley
Barbara
B
Yale University School of Nursing, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA. Barbara.hackley@yale.edu
Feinstein
Abigail
A
Dixon
Jane
J
D000393:Air Pollutants; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology