title: Non-abused preschool children's perception of an anogenital examination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An anogenital examination is usually part of the standard medical assessment in children evaluated for suspected sexual abuse, and the emotional impact on the child has been studied. The primary aim of this study was to assess non-abused preschool children's responses to an anogenital examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty-eight children (119 girls), aged 5-6 years old, were recruited by self-selection from a town community in Norway. After a full medical "top-to-toe" examination, including an anogenital examination with use of a colposcope, the children were asked for their reactions to different parts of the examination. The instrument used was a Faces Rating Scale with five faces, ranging from smiling to crying. Parents and nurses also completed questionnaires regarding their perceptions of the children's reactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results from the self-report scales showed that only 7.7% of the children rated the anogenital examination as somewhat negative, but the children rated the anogenital part of the examination as significantly more distressing than the examination of their ears and mouth. Microbiological swabbing from the anogenital area was most frequently mentioned as something the children disliked. Complementary data from the parents supported the children's responses regarding the anogenital part, but also emphasized the importance of good preparation and a "child-friendly" atmosphere when performing the examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most preschool children, who have no history of sexual abuse do not find an anogenital examination traumatic if the examination is well planned and performed by experienced professionals in a supportive atmosphere.
authors.affiliation: Children's Clinic, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gulla
authors.forename: Gred Eva
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Fenheim
authors.forename: Arne K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Myhre
authors.forename: Stian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lydersen
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003127:Colposcopy / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female; D005837:Genitalia, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000523:psychology*; D012016:Reference Values; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires