title: A prospective, single-blind, randomized crossover trial of sacral vs pudendal nerve stimulation for interstitial cystitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) with pudendal nerve stimulation (PNS) for interstitial cystitis (IC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients with well-documented, refractory IC had a tined lead placed at S3 and a second electrode implanted at the pudendal nerve via a posterior approach. In a blinded, randomized design, each lead was tested for 7 days. The best lead was implanted to a pulse generator and patients were followed at 1, 3 and 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time required to place a sacral lead was 27.4 min, and a pudendal lead 19.6 min (P = 0.039). Of the 22 patients, 17 (77%) responded and had a permanent implant placed. PNS was chosen as the better lead in 77% and SNS in 24%. The order in which the lead was stimulated had no effect on the final lead implanted and there was no 'carry-over' effect. The overall reduction in symptoms was 59% for PNS and 44% for SNS (P = 0.05). At 6 months after implantation, voids improved by 41% (PNS) and 33% (SNS), and mean voided volume increased 95% and 21%, respectively; validated IC questionnaires improved markedly and complications were minimal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first 'blinded' study of SNS vs PNS for IC. A pudendal lead was implanted successfully in all patients, and most chose PNS as better than SNS; the improvement was sustained over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ministrelli Program for Urologic Research and Education (MPURE), William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA. kmpeters@beaumont.edu
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Feber
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000628:therapy*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014563:Urodynamics