title: Provision and utilization of low-vision rehabilitation services in Toronto.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Demographic changes expected to occur in the near future and the need for planning to address them are behind the urgent drive to assess present day provision and utilization of low-vision rehabilitation (LVR) services in the community. Current data available in Canada in this regard are mostly from Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB) sources from clients accessing services, and are therefore incomplete. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to survey the provision and utilization of LVR services as reported by patients identified with low vision (LV) outside the CNIB system, specifically among those attending hospital-based ophthalmology clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study design was a prospective, nonrandomized, observational case series based on interviews with LV patients. Cases with LV identified according to preset criteria were interviewed and tested for best-corrected visual acuity. The interview format included questions on multiple outcome measures of LVR, which provided answers addressing the theme of this study. A separate questionnaire was used to assess quality-of-life measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four subjects were recruited for the study, 21 females and 13 males, with a mean age of 74 (SD 16) years. LV had been present for a mean of 8.26 (SD 12.2) years, mostly caused by age-related macular degeneration (44%) and other maculopathies (38%). Patients classified as having LV were referred to LVR services only in 50% of cases and mostly to CNIB offices (47%). The majority of cases (59%) used magnifiers as the most common remedy for LVR. A majority of cases (59%) felt that current rehabilitation services are insufficient and that more LVR interventions were warranted in their case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many cases with LV are not referred to LVR services. Those referred are directed mainly to the CNIB, bypassing other advanced and comprehensive suppliers of LVR services. The majority of cases express dissatisfaction with the current LVR services provided. There is a clear and urgent need to expand and reform the delivery of current LVR services.
authors.affiliation: Low Vision Service, University Health Network Hospitals, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University od Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Keon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nia
authors.forename: Samuel N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Markowitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015354:Vision, Low / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*