title: Growth factors of lower vertebrates: characterization of goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1.
abstract: Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) regulates mononuclear cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The functions of CSF-1 are well documented in mammals; however, little is known about CSF-1 biology in lower vertebrates. This is the first report on the identification and functional characterization of a fish CSF-1 molecule expressed highly in the spleen and in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated monocytes. Goldfish CSF-1 is a 199-amino acid protein that possesses the required cysteine residues to form important intra-chain and inter-chain disulfide bonds that allow CSF-1 to form a functional homodimer and to interact with its high affinity receptor, CSF-1R. Recombinant goldfish CSF-1 formed a homodimer and bound to the soluble goldfish CSF-1R. The addition of the recombinant CSF-1 to sorted goldfish progenitor cells, monocytes, and macrophages induced the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and the proliferation of monocyte-like cells. The proliferation of these cells was abrogated by addition of an anti-CSF-1R antibody as well as the soluble CSF-1R. The ability of the soluble CSF-1R to inhibit CSF-1-induced proliferation represents a novel mechanism for the regulation of CSF-1 function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9.
authors.forename: Patrick C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hanington
authors.forename: Tiehui
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Secombes
authors.forename: Miodrag
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belosevic
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D006054:Goldfish / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism