title: Failure of antioxidants to protect against angiotensin II-induced aortic rupture in aged apolipoprotein(E)-deficient mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidative stress may be involved in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Previous studies indicate that antioxidants protect against AAA formation during chronic angiotensin (Ang) II infusion in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(0)) mice. We here examine if these protective effects also occurred in aged ApoE(0) mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male ApoE(0) mice (50-60 weeks) were randomly divided into 4 groups: saline, Ang II (1000 ng kg(-1) min(-1) for 4 weeks), Ang II plus antioxidants (0.1% vitamin E in food plus 0.1% vitamin C in drinking water), and Ang II plus losartan (30 mg kg(-1) day(-1)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exogenous Ang II increased systolic blood pressure by 40 mmHg and resulted in the formation of pseudoaneurysms (rupture and extramural haematoma) in the abdominal aorta in 50% of animals. True aneurysmal dilatation was rarely observed. Antioxidants decreased systemic oxidative stress (plasma malondialdehyde), but had only minor effects on aortic rupture, relative to the complete prevention by losartan. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in atherosclerotic plaques and at the sites of rupture. Antioxidants did not affect tumour necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated MMP-9 release from U937 cells. In addition, antioxidants had little effects on Ang II-induced renal dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to previous findings in younger mice, antioxidants had only minor effects on Ang II-induced aortic rupture in aged mice. Our results demonstrate that the pathological features of the aneurysmal remodelling induced by Ang II in old ApoE(0) mice are distinct from those of human AAA.
authors.affiliation: Bernard O'Brien Institute of Microsurgery, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia. fjiang@unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Dusting
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001019:Aortic Rupture / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D020298:U937 Cells