title: Protective action of Ilex paraguariensis extract against free radical inactivation of paraoxonase-1 in high-density lipoprotein.
abstract: Paraoxonase 1 (PON-1), an antioxidant enzyme carried mainly by HDL, has been shown to display cardioprotective effects. In this study, we investigated whether the polyphenol-rich beverage mate, obtained from extract of Ilex paraguariensis (IP), prevented the loss of PON-1 activity from HDL during oxidant stress. The peroxide radical generator 2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) induced time- and dose-dependent oxidation of HDL, as measured by lipoperoxide content, which is accompanied by a parallel decrease in the activity of PON-1 (p<0.001). IP extract (2-20 microL/mL) afforded time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of the oxidation, with preservation of apoA-I structure and PON-1 activity. Healthy volunteers drank either 0.5 L of IP extract, 0.5 L of coffee and milk or nothing. PON-1 activity increased an average of 10% above the changes seen when the intake was coffee and milk (p<0.05). In conclusion, we demonstrate that IP extract may, to some extent, prevent the loss of the antiatherogenic function of HDL afforded by PON-1 when the particle is under oxidant stress.
authors.affiliation: Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Touro University-California, Mare Island, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA.
authors.forename: Teresita
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Menini
authors.forename: Caleb
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heck
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Mejia
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gugliucci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D001628:Beverages; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D030019:Ilex paraguariensis; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use