title: Glycemia recovery with oral amino acid administration during experimental short-term insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The acute effects of the oral administration of L-alanine (L-ala), L-glutamine (L-gln), L-ala+L-gln, and L-alanyl-L-glutamine (AGP) on glycemia recovery during short-term insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IIH) were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this purpose, the blood glucose levels of 24-h-fasted rats that received intraperitoneal injections of regular insulin (IIH group) or saline [control (COG) group] and, 15 min later, oral administration of L-ala (100 mg/kg), L-gln (100 mg/kg), L-ala (50 mg/kg)+L-gln (50 mg/kg), or AGP (100 mg/kg) were compared. Liver perfusion experiments and blood collection to measure blood glucose levels were performed 30 min after insulin (1.0 U/kg) or saline injection. Livers from the IIH and COG groups were perfused with saturating concentrations of L-ala, L-gln, L-ala+L-gln, or AGP, and the maximal hepatic production of glucose, urea, ammonia, L-lactate, and pyruvate was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In contrast with L-gln, L-ala+L-gln, or AGP, the oral administration of L-ala promoted glycemia recovery. In agreement with these results, livers from IIH rats showed maximal hepatic production of glucose and urea from L-ala with 50% of the amount used to obtain the maximal hepatic production of glucose and urea in livers from COG rats. In contrast with L-gln, L-ala+L-gln, or AGP, the maximal hepatic production of urea from L-ala occurred in the absence of ammonia accumulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the best glycemia recovery promoted by the oral administration of L-ala was a consequence of the higher efficiency of the livers from IIH rats in producing glucose from L-ala.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphophysiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil. vafggazola@uem.br
authors.forename: Vilma A F G
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Gazola
authors.forename: Rosângela F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Eduardo M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Helenton C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Barrena
authors.forename: Gabriela G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.forename: Helenir M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Roberto B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Bazotte
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005943:Gluconeogenesis; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism