title: Systolic and diastolic heart failure: differences and similarities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diastolic heart failure (DHF) and systolic heart failure (SHF) are 2 clinical subsets of the syndrome of chronic heart failure that are most commonly encountered in clinical practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinically overt DHF and SHF appear to be 2 separate syndromes with distinctive morphologic and functional changes although signs, symptoms, and prognosis are very similar. In DHF, the left ventricle is not dilated and the ejection fraction is preserved. In contrast in SHF, it is dilated and the ejection fraction is reduced. The neurohormonal abnormalities in DHF and SHF appear to be similar. The stimuli and the signals that ultimately produce these 2 different phenotypes of chronic heart failure remain, presently, largely unknown.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there has been considerable progress in the management of SHF, the management of DHF remains mostly empirical because of lack of knowledge of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms which produce myocardial structural and functional changes in this syndrome. Further research and investigations are urgently required.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0124, USA.
authors.forename: Kanu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Massie
mesh_terms: D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002423:Cause of Death; D003971:Diastole; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D013599:Systole; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling