title: Eco-epidemiology as anti-terrorism.
abstract: Eco-epidemiology is a promising model for cross-disciplinary anti-terrorism. Derived from epidemiology's dominance of agents to illness and injury, the eco-epidemiological paradigm considers natural systems that generate causal pathways to disease and dynamic morbidity. Within this model is a hierarchy of systems interconnecting at biological, human, and social levels. Eco-epidemiology capitalizes on interacting components within and between system levels to identify contact patterns and apply mechanisms of control. Considering the complex and paradoxical nature of the threat-fear dynamic, a systematic, ecological approach would be more adaptive to terrorism's changing rules of engagement. To counter terrorism and nullify threat-fear, eco-epidemiology must be shared by public health researchers with threat assessment and harm reduction disciplines.
authors.affiliation: School of Recreation, Health and Tourism, George Mason University, Virginia 20110, USA. emiller@gmu.edu
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D017753:Ecosystem; D004813:Epidemiology; D040261:Harm Reduction; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011634:Public Health; D012307:Risk Factors; D023481:Terrorism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014481:United States