Leaf trait relationships of native and invasive plants: community- and global-scale comparisons.
Leaf carbon capture strategies of native and exotic invasive plants were compared by examining leaf traits and their scaling relationships at community and global scales. Community-level leaf trait data were obtained for 55 vascular plant species from nutrient-enriched and undisturbed bushland in Sydney, Australia. Global-scale leaf trait data were compiled from the literature for 75 native and 90 exotic invasive coexisting species. At the community level, specific leaf area (SLA), foliar nitrogen and phosphorus (N(mass) and P(mass)) and N:P ratio were significantly higher for exotics at disturbed sites compared with natives at undisturbed sites, with natives at disturbed sites being intermediate. SLA, N(mass) and P(mass) were positively correlated, with significant shifts in group means along a common standardized major axis (SMA) slope. At the global scale, invasives had significantly higher N(mass), P(mass), assimilation rate (A(mass) and A(area)) and leaf area ratio (LAR) than natives. All traits showed positive correlations, with significant shifts in group means along a common slope. For a given SLA, invasives had higher A(mass) (7.7%) and N(mass) (28%). Thus, exotic invasives do not have fundamentally different carbon capture strategies from natives but are positioned further along the leaf economics spectrum towards faster growth strategies. Species with leaf traits enabling rapid growth will be successful invaders when introduced to novel environments where resources are not limited.
Leishman
Michelle R
MR
Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
Haslehurst
Tammy
T
Department of Physical Geography, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.|61 Kent Road, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia.
Ares
Adrian
A
Weyerhaeuser Company, 2730 Pacific Boulevard South-east, Albany, OR 97322, USA.
Baruch
Zdravko
Z
Departamento Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Apartado 89000, Caracas 1080, Venezuela.
D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D017753:Ecosystem; D009517:New South Wales; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism*; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis