title: Spatial learning as an adaptation in hummingbirds.
abstract: An ecological approach based on food distribution suggests that humming birds should more easily learn to visit a flower in a new location than to learn to return to a flower in a position just visited, for a food reward. Experimental results support this hypothesis as well as the general view that differences in learning within and among species represent adaptations.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Hainsworth
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Kamil
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mercier
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Wolf