title: Optimal starting gantry angles using equiangular-spaced beams with intensity modulated radiation therapy for prostate cancer on RTOG 0126: a clinical study of 5 and 7 fields.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of starting gantry angle and number of equiangular-spaced beams for prostate cancer radiotherapy on the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0126 protocol using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten localized prostate cancer patients were prescribed to 79.2Gy in 44 fractions. Static IMRT plans using five and seven equiangular-spaced beams were generated. The starting gantry angles were incremented by 5 degrees resulting in 15 (5 beams) and 11 (7 beams) plans per patient. Constant target coverage was ensured for all plans in order to isolate the variation in the rectal and bladder metrics as a function of starting gantry angle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The variation with starting gantry angle in rectal metrics using 5 beams was statistically significant (p<0.001) with dosimetric importance. The 5-beam rectal V 75Gy and V 70Gy demonstrated a class solution with a characteristic 'W' pattern and two optimal starting gantry angles near 20 degrees and 50 degrees . Statistically insignificant differences were observed for the bladder metrics using 5 beams. There was little dosimetric variation in the rectal and bladder metrics with 7 beams. Nearly equivalent rectal V 75Gy was achieved between 5 optimal equiangular-spaced beams starting at 20 degrees (class solution) and 7 equiangular-spaced beams starting at 0 degrees for most patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of an optimal starting gantry angle for 5 equiangular-spaced beams, as indicated by a class solution in this study, will facilitate rectal sparing and can produce plans that are equivalent to those employing 7 equiangular-spaced beams.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Canada. peter.potrebko@cancercare.mb.ca
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Potrebko
authors.forename: Boyd M C
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: McCurdy
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Adel S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: El-Gubtan
authors.forename: Zoann
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nugent
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods*; D012007:Rectum; D001743:Urinary Bladder