In vitro assessment of the efficacy of thermal therapy in human renal cell carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
To define the temperature-time points that result in cell death in a human renal cell carcinoma cell (RCC) line in vitro.


METHODS
Cellular viability and clonogenic cell survival were determined for human A498 RCC cells after thermal treatment. Various temperature (45 degrees C to 70 degrees C) and time (1 to 30 minutes) combinations were used. Cell viability was assessed by vital dye uptake and clonogenic cell survival. Mathematical Arrhenius modeling was performed to construct a graphic display of A498 cell thermal sensitivity.


RESULTS
Temperature-time points at which 99% or greater cell death occurred according to the vital dye assay were 55 degrees C for 30 minutes, 60 degrees C for 10 minutes, and 65 degrees C for 8 minutes. Clonogenic survival studies confirmed that cells treated at these temperature-time points failed to grow even after 10 days.


CONCLUSIONS
These in vitro results show that short exposure to temperatures higher than 70 degrees C is lethal in the A498 RCC cell line. Lower temperatures in the 60 degrees C range require more prolonged heating to cause cell death. Knowledge of these temperatures will be useful to better plan and monitor complex radiofrequency ablations.
Walsh
Lance P
LP
Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9110, USA.
Anderson
J Kyle
JK
Baker
Meredith R
MR
Han
Bumsoo
B
Hsieh
Jer-Tsong
JT
Lotan
Yair
Y
Cadeddu
Jeffrey A
JA
D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured