title: Transcriptional regulation of subtilisin-like proprotein convertase PACE4 by E2F: possible role of E2F-mediated upregulation of PACE4 in tumor progression.
abstract: PACE4, a member of the subtilisin-like proprotein convertase (SPC) family, is expressed at high levels in certain tumor cells and plays a role in metastatic progression through activation of matrix metalloproteinases. The mechanism leading to overexpression of PACE4 in tumor cells remains unclear. In this study, we show that the E2F1 transcription factor, which is implicated in carcinoma invasiveness, upregulates the expression of PACE4. HT1080 (highly tumorigenic and invasive) cells expressed much higher levels of PACE4 and E2F family (E2F1 and E2F2) transcripts than IMR90 (normal fibroblast) cells. Expression levels of other SPCs (furin and PC6) remained unchanged in these cells. Promoter analysis indicated that two E2F consensus binding sites (-117/-110 and -86/-79) in the 5'-flanking region of the human PACE4 gene function as positive regulatory elements. Mutation of these sites abolished PACE4 promoter response to E2F1 as well as binding of E2F1 in electrophoretic mobility-shift assays. Other E2F members, E2F2 and E2F3, also activated PACE4 expression, as in the case of E2F1. These results indicate a novel mechanism for E2F family-mediated promotion of carcinoma invasiveness through PACE4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yuasa
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzue
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagahama
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuji
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018450:Disease Progression; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D043484:Proprotein Convertases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D015854:Up-Regulation