title: Pharmacokinetics of diclofenac in rats intoxicated with CCL4, and in the regenerating liver.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics of an intravenous and oral diclofenac dose of 3.2 mg/kg was studied in male Wistar rats under control conditions, 1 and 3 days after liver damage and regeneration induced by an oral injection of CCl(4). One day after CCl(4) administration, indicators of necrosis (alanine aminotransferase), cholestasis (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) and regeneration (alpha-fetoprotein) were significantly increased; these effects were reversed after 3 days. In nonintoxicated rats, t(1/2) was 43.83 +/- 4.95 min, V(d) was 0.37 +/- 0.04 l/kg, Cl was 129.21 +/- 9.20 ml/min kg, AUC(i.v.) was 25.62 +/- 1.45 microg/min ml, and AUC(p.o.) was 20.21 +/- 1.03. One day after intoxication, when the liver was damaged and regenerating, the metabolism was decreased: diclofenac t(1/2) was increased to 258.21 +/- 30.80 min but V(d) did not change significantly, therefore Cl was reduced to 32.81 +/- 3.38 ml/min kg. By day 3 after intoxication, liver function, regeneration and pharmacokinetics returned to normal. The results show that liver damage and regeneration increases the bioavailability by decreasing elimination. The present observations suggest that reduction of the pharmacokinetic parameters may lead to drug accumulation in the regenerating-damaged liver with an attendant possible increase in toxic effects. The results in rats, also suggest that once hepatic injury is finished and regeneration is complete, diclofenac can be administered normally.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Apdo. Postal 14-740, México 07000, DF, México.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reyes-Gordillo
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muriel
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castañeda-Hernández
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Favari
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002252:Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning / Q000378:metabolism*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006207:Half-Life; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism