title: Countercurrent Streaming in Liquid Surfaces and Its Relevance to Protoplasmic Movements.
abstract: Movements of surface films counter to the interior stream are brought about by film pressure generated by surface tension gradients. In a similar process, the formation of new interfaces during protoplasmic syntheses could sustain gradients of interfacial tension with resulting protoplasmic movements.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kavanau