title: NMR-spectroscopy-based metabonomic approach to the analysis of Bay41-4109, a novel anti-HBV compound, induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
abstract: An integrated metabonomics study using high-resolution (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been applied to investigate the biochemical composition of urine, serum, liver tissue aqueous extracts (acetonitrile/water) and liver tissue lipidic extracts (chloroform/methanol) obtained from control and Bay41-4109 treated rats (10, 50, 400mg.kg(-1).d(-1) for 5 days, i.g.). Principal components analysis was used to visualize similarities and differences in biochemical profiles. The results showed the effects induced by Bay41-4109 at 400mg.kg(-1).d(-1) are different from those induced at 10, 50mg.kg(-1).d(-1). The biochemical profiles of 400mg.kg(-1).d(-1) group might reflect the hepatotoxicity of Bay41-4109 more exactly. The elevation in the level of 3-HB, lactate, 2-hydroxy-acetol and d-glucose was found in the urine, and the levels of VLDL/LDL(CH(2))(n), VLDL/LDL-CH(3), 2-oxo-3-methyl-n-valerate, 3-HB, lactate, acetate, taurine, 2-hydroxy-isovalerate in serum were increased significantly in 400mg.kg(-1).d(-1) group. The predominant changes identified in liver tissue aqueous extracts included an increase in the signal intensities of lactate, 3-amino-isovalerate, pyruvate, choline, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and a reduction in the intensities of taurine, hippurate and d-glucose. In liver tissue chloroform/methanol extracts, there was a remarkably increase in many of the lipid signals including the triglyceride terminal methyl, methylene groups, and CH(2)CO, N(+)(CH(3))(3), CH(2)OPO(2), CH(2)OCOR. These observations all provide evidence that fatty acid metabolism disorder and mitochondrial inability might contribute to the hepatotoxicity of Bay41-4109. The application of (1)H NMR spectroscopy to an array of biological samples comprising urine, serum and liver tissue extracts yields new insight into the hepatotoxicity of xenobiotics.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27# Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China.
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Chun-Qi
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: An-Min
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: He-Zhang
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: Xian-Zhong
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Ming-Yang
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011725:Pyridines / Q000633:toxicity*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*