title: Comparative study of the locked intramedullary nail and Ender pins in the treatment of tibial diaphyseal fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the locked, unreamed intramedullary nail with Ender pins in the treatment of open Gustilo grade I or II or closed tibial diaphyseal fractures of type A, B, or C2 of the AO classification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four patients with unilateral tibial diaphyseal fractures were treated with intramedullary nails or Ender pins. Twenty patients were treated with an unreamed intramedullary nail with access via the patellar tendon with static locking. Twenty-four patients were treated with Ender pins introduced medially and laterally with respect to the tuberosity of the tibia. The main parameters analyzed were type of reduction, complications, union rate, deformities, joint mobility, pain, gait, effort capacity, presence of neurovascular disorders, and complaints related to the synthesis material.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 1 year of follow-up, the fractures of 90.0% of the patients with intramedullary nails and 95.7% of patients with Ender pins healed within an average of 21.5 weeks and 20.9 weeks, respectively. The significant findings were as follows: patients treated with Ender pins had less mobility of the subtalar joint; patients treated with intramedullary nails were more likely to have pain in the knee; both groups showed shortening of the tibia at the end of 1 year of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two methods are similar in the treatment of type A, B, and C2 tibial diaphyseal fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Hideyo
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sakaki
authors.forename: Alberto Tesconi
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Crocci
authors.forename: Arnaldo Valdir
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Zumiotti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001858:Bone Nails; D018483:Diaphyses / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome