title: Enhanced therapeutic effect on androgen-independent prostate cancer by depsipeptide (FK228), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, in combination with docetaxel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study whether a histone deacetylase inhibitor, FK228, can enhance therapeutic efficacies of other chemotherapeutic agents against androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPCa) and to explore any possible early biomarker for predicting drug response.
  
  
  METHODS
  The therapeutic effects of FK228-based combinations on three AIPCa cell lines (PC-3, DU145, and C4-2) were evaluated by synergisms of cytotoxicity. Cell cycle analysis and Western blot assay were used to study the underlying mechanisms of drug action and search for any potential surrogate biomarker. In addition, we investigated the in vivo antitumor effects of the FK228/docetaxel combination using the PC-3 xenograft model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FK228/docetaxel surpassed other FK228-based combinations by achieving more synergism of cytotoxicity. FK228 enhanced the therapeutic effect of docetaxel against AIPCa by exhibiting markedly enhanced and prolonged inhibitory effects in vitro and better tumor regression in vivo by inducing apoptosis. It appears that p21(WAF1) induction consistently correlates with single or combination treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study have shown that FK228 is able to enhance the therapeutic effect of docetaxel against AIPCa. FK228 appears to be a promising second-line option in combination with docetaxel. The p21(WAF1) protein level can be used as a surrogate biomarker to predict and monitor the therapeutic response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9110, USA.
authors.forename: Zhengwang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stanfield
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frenkel
authors.forename: Wareef
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kabbani
authors.forename: Jer-Tsong
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077143:Docetaxel; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured