title: Use of enhanced perinatal human immunodeficiency virus surveillance methods to assess antiretroviral use and perinatal human immunodeficiency virus transmission in the United States, 1999-2001.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Significant reductions in perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission have been demonstrated in which the HIV-infected mothers and their HIV-exposed infants receive prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal antiretroviral therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data that were collected through the Enhanced Perinatal Surveillance system for HIV-exposed singleton births that occurred 1999-2001 in 24 sites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall infant infection rate for the 3 years was 4.7%. Compared with zidovudine monotherapy, those patients who received zidovudine with other drugs that included a protease inhibitor and those who received zidovudine and other drugs with no protease inhibitor were less likely to have an infected infant (adjusted odds ratio, 0.4 [95% CI, 0.3-0.07]; adjusted odds ratio, 0.5 [95% CI, 0.3-0.8], respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support the current treatment recommendations and show that infants were less likely to be infected when the mothers were given a prenatal antiretroviral therapy regimen that contained zidovudine with additional antiretroviral drugs with or without a protease inhibitor in addition to receiving antiretrovirals during delivery and neonatally.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Norma S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Mary Glenn
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Stephanie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Sansom
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ruffo
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lampe
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000627:therapeutic use