title: Different risk factor patterns for metabolic syndrome in men with spinal cord injury compared with able-bodied men despite similar prevalence rates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and risk factors differs between age- and race-matched men with spinal cord injury (SCI) and able-bodied men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urban university.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men with SCI (n=185), ages 20 to 59 years, were matched 1 to 1 with able-bodied men from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, triglyceride (TG), total (TC), and low- (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite similar prevalence for metabolic syndrome, different risk factor patterns were found between groups. Men with SCI had a significantly lower mean HDL, TG, and glucose in addition to lower TC and LDL. After adjusting for smoking, education, and household income by using conditional logistic regression, men with SCI had a higher risk for abdominal obesity (odd ratio [OR]=1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-2.96) and reduced HDL (OR=1.76; 95% CI, 1.06-2.94) but lower risks for elevated glucose (OR=0.55; 95% CI, 0.33-0.94) than their able-bodied counterparts. By using linear regression and controlling for waist circumference, men with SCI had lower TC, LDL, TG, and glucose concentrations but lower HDL. Racial differences in risks were found in both SCI and able-bodied men; however, among the SCI men, prevalence for low HDL and elevated glucose was similar between whites and African Americans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men with SCI do not appear to have an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared with able-bodied counterparts, suggesting that other nontraditional risks may contribute to their increased mortality from cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Huifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Youfa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rimmer
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Braunschweig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio