title: Effects of a vegetarian diet and treatment preference on biochemical and dietary variables in overweight and obese adults: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A vegetarian diet may lead to numerous health benefits, including weight loss.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the joint effects of personal preference of dietary treatment and a calorie-restricted, low-fat lactoovovegetarian diet (LOV-D) compared with a standard calorie-restricted, low-fat omnivorous diet (STD-D) on changes in weight, total cholesterol, ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol (LDL:HDL cholesterol), triacylglycerols, insulin resistance, and macronutrient intake during an 18-mo study.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized clinical trial of 176 overweight and obese adults who were recruited and randomly assigned first to 1 of 2 preference conditions (yes or no). If assigned to Preference-No, they were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 diet conditions (STD-D or LOV-D). If assigned to Preference-Yes, they were assigned to the diet they indicated as preferred at screening. The 12-mo intervention was followed by a 6-mo maintenance phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants were mainly women (86.9%) and white (70.5%); 75% completed the 18-mo study. A significant interaction between preference and dietary treatment was not observed for any of the outcome variables. However, participants in the Preference-No groups significantly decreased their triacylglycerols (P = 0.04). The only effect observed for diet was a borderline significant decrease in LDL:HDL cholesterol for the LOV-D group (P = 0.06). Within the LOV-D groups, those who were 100% adherent to the LOV-D had significant and marginally significant reductions in monounsaturated fat (P = 0.02) and total fat (P = 0.05) intakes at 18 mo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that neither prescribing a vegetarian diet nor allowing persons to choose their preferred diet had a significant effect on outcome measures. However, all participants had a significant reduction in total energy and fat intakes and an increase in energy expenditure, which was reflected in reduced body weight. This clinical trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00330629.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. lbu100@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Lora E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Alana G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: Melanie T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Warziski
authors.forename: Mindi A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Styn
authors.forename: Edvin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Music
authors.forename: Okan U
authors.initials: OU
authors.lastname: Elci
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sereika
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D014676:Diet, Vegetarian; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005518:Food Preferences; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy; D010349:Patient Compliance; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood