title: Cost-effectiveness of a lidocaine 5% medicated plaster relative to gabapentin for postherpetic neuralgia in the United Kingdom.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Approximately 50% of elderly patients develop postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) after herpes zoster infection (shingles). A lidocaine 5% medicated plaster marketed in the United Kingdom in January 2007 has been shown to be an effective topical treatment for PHN with minimal risk of systemic adverse effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This paper assessed the cost-effectiveness of using a lidocaine plaster in place of gabapentin in English primary care practice to treat those PHN patients who had insufficient pain relief with standard analgesics and could not tolerate or had contraindications to tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). The analysis took the perspective of the National Health Service (NHS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The costs and benefits of gabapentin and the lidocaine plaster were calculated over a 6-month time horizon using a Markov model. The model structure allowed for differences in costs, utilities, and transition probabilities between the initial 30-day run-in period and maintenance therapy and also accounted for add-in medications and drugs received by patients who discontinued therapy. Most transition probabilities were based on non-head-to-head clinical trials identified through a systematic review. Data on resource utilization, discontinuation rates, and add-in or switch medications were obtained from a Delphi panel; cost data were from official price tariffs. Published utilities were adjusted for age and were supplemented and validated by the Delphi panel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six months of therapy with the lidocaine plaster cost pound 549 per patient, compared with pound 718 for gabapentin, and generated 0.05 more quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). The lidocaine plaster therefore dominated gabapentin (95% CI, dominant- pound 2163/QALY gained). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that there was a 90.15% chance that the lidocaine plaster was both less costly and more effective than gabapentin and a 99.99% chance that it cost < pound 20,000/QALY relative to gabapentin. Extensive deterministic sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the conclusions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found that the lidocaine 5% medicated plaster was a cost-effective alternative to gabapentin for PHN patients who were intolerant to TCAs and in whom analgesics were ineffective, from the perspective of the NHS.
authors.affiliation: Abacus International, Bicester, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. helen.dakin@abacusint.com
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dakin
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nuijten
authors.forename: Hiltrud
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liedgens
authors.forename: Barbara Poulsen
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Nautrup
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000368:Aged; D000588:Amines / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000700:Analgesics / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077206:Gabapentin; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008390:Markov Chains; D017059:Models, Econometric; D051474:Neuralgia, Postherpetic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use