title: CCL19 is constitutively expressed in the CNS, up-regulated in neuroinflammation, active and also inactive multiple sclerosis lesions.
abstract: CCL19 and CCL21 bind to CCR7, which is crucial for both inducing an immune response and establishing immunological tolerance. We report that in the normal human brain CCL19, but not CCL21, is transcribed, and detectable as a protein in tissue lysates and in cerebrospinal fluid. In both active and inactive multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions CCL19 transcripts were elevated. In cerebrospinal fluid from MS and OIND patients CCL19 protein was increased. In relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive MS patients CCL19 correlated with intrathecal IgG production. This study suggests that CCL19 plays a role in both the physiological immunosurveillance of the healthy CNS and the pathological maintenance of immune cells in the CNS of MS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroimmunology, Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krumbholz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Theil
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Steinmeyer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cepok
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hemmer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hofbauer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Derfuss
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Junker
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arzberger
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sinicina
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hartle
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Newcombe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hohlfeld
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meinl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D054415:Chemokine CCL19 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D054421:Chemokine CCL21 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007157:Immunologic Surveillance / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012008:Recurrence; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology