title: Trace chemicals: the essence of sexual communication systems in heliothis species.
abstract: Analysis of heptane-soluble compounds from ovipositors of Heliothis zea and Heliothis virescens shows that both species produce relatively large amounts of (Z)-11-hexadecenal, with traces of (Z)-9-hexadecenal, (Z)-7-hexadecenal, and hexadecanal. Heliothis virescens females differ from Heliothis zea in that they also produce trace amounts of tetradecanal, (Z)-9-tetradecenal, and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol. In both species, trace compounds are essential to pheromonal activity and specificity of chemical signals.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Klun
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Plimmer
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Bierl-Leonhardt
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Sparks
authors.forename: O L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Chapman