title: Input-dependent life-cycle inventory model of industrial wastewater-treatment processes in the chemical sector.
abstract: Industrial wastewater-treatment systems need to ensure a high level of protection for the environment as a whole. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) comprehensively evaluates the environmental impacts of complex treatment systems, taking into account impacts from auxiliaries and energy consumption as well as emissions. However, the application of LCA is limited by a scarcity of wastewater-specific life-cycle inventory (LCI) data. This study presents a modular gate-to-gate inventory model for industrial wastewater purification in the chemical and related sectors. It enables the calculation of inventory parameters as a function of the wastewater composition and the technologies applied. Forthis purpose, data on energy and auxiliaries' consumption, wastewater composition, and process parameters was collected from chemical industry. On this basis, causal relationships between wastewater input, emissions, and technical inputs were identified. These causal relationships were translated into a generic inventory model. Generic and site-specific data ranges for LCI parameters are provided for the following processes: mechanical-biological treatment, high-pressure wet-air oxidation, nanofiltration, and extraction. The input- and technology-dependent process inventories help to bridge data gaps where primary data are not available. Thus, they substantially help to perform an environmental assessment of industrial wastewater purification in the chemical and associated industries, which may be used, for instance, for technology choices.
authors.affiliation: Empa, Technology and Society Laboratory, Uberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Diibendorf, Switzerland. annette.koehler@ifu.baug.ethz.ch
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Köhler
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hellweg
authors.forename: Ercan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Recan
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hungerbühler
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D002244:Carbon / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002617:Chemical Industry / Q000379:methods*; D005374:Filtration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011312:Pressure; D012107:Research Design; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*