title: Effect of chondroitin sulfate C on sperm capacitation and fertilization parameters in vitro in pigs.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of chondroitin sulfate C (CS-C) on sperm capacitation and fertilization parameters in vitro in pigs. Frozen-thawed ejaculated pig sperm (semen S-484) were incubated with fertilization medium containing CS-C (0-2mg/ml) for 1h and the capacitation rate with chlorotetracycline (CTC) assay was examined, which showed that CS-C increased the rate of incapacitation F pattern spermatozoa converted to capacitation B pattern sperm cell in concentration-dependent manner and mostly increased capacitation B pattern sperm cell and decreased acrosome reaction AR pattern sperm cell in 1mg/ml concentration. When sperm was incubated for 1, 2 and 4h in fertilization medium containing 1mg/ml CS-C, it showed that the capacitated B pattern sperm cell was significantly (p<0.01) increased and the AR pattern sperm cell was significantly decreased at each time point in the presence than in the absence of CS-C. For identifying the validity of CS-C in sperm capacitation, sperm-oocyte was inseminated in fertilization medium containing CS-C (0-2mg/ml) and the rate of fertilized oocytes was examined, which showed that the penetration rates significantly (p<0.05) increased from 0.5 to 1.0mg/ml concentrations (87.4-96.3%) compared with control (74.9%). For identifying the universality of CS-C in sperm capacitation, four different semens (boar S-484, S-454, D-815 and D-748) were incubated in fertilization medium containing CS-C (1mg/ml) for 2h, respectively, which showed that CS-C increased the rate of capacitation B pattern sperm cell and decreased acrosome reaction AR pattern sperm cell in each semen. And it showed that CS-C yielded a higher promote effect (93.9%, 83.9%, 60.7% and 44.9%, respectively) on sperm penetration compared to unaddition control (63.4%, 22.0%, 3.3% and 3.3%, respectively). Sperm-oocyte binding analysis showed that CS-C increased the number of sperm bound to oocyte compared unaddition control in each semen. These results suggested that CS-C is the efficient factor on sperm capacitation in pigs, CS-C may promote sperm from the incapacitated to capacitated state and sequentially prevent sperm from spontaneous acrosome reaction, and thus facilitate the sperm-zona binding and sperm penetration to oocyte.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Laiyang Agriculture College, Qingdao 265200, PR China.
authors.forename: X X
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Piao
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niwa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000187:drug effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology; D013075:Sperm Capacitation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology