Trace chemicals: the essence of sexual communication systems in heliothis species.
Analysis of heptane-soluble compounds from ovipositors of Heliothis zea and Heliothis virescens shows that both species produce relatively large amounts of (Z)-11-hexadecenal, with traces of (Z)-9-hexadecenal, (Z)-7-hexadecenal, and hexadecanal. Heliothis virescens females differ from Heliothis zea in that they also produce trace amounts of tetradecanal, (Z)-9-tetradecenal, and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol. In both species, trace compounds are essential to pheromonal activity and specificity of chemical signals.
Klun
J A
JA
Plimmer
J R
JR
Bierl-Leonhardt
B A
BA
Sparks
A N
AN
Chapman
O L
OL