title: Costs associated with shorter duration of antibiotic therapy in hospitalized patients with mild-to-moderate severe community-acquired pneumonia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The optimal duration of antibiotic therapy in patients with uncomplicated pneumonia may be shorter than that recommended in the current guidelines. A shorter duration will probably also lead to a cost reduction. This study evaluates the costs associated with 3 versus 8 day antibiotic therapy and subsequent follow-up in patients hospitalized with mild-to-moderate-severe community-acquired pneumonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The economic evaluation was based on primary resource utilization data collected within the framework of a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. As 3 day therapy was shown to be clinically not inferior to 8 day therapy, the cost-minimization analysis was performed based on direct medical and indirect non-medical costs, estimated from a societal perspective for the 28 days following hospital admission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower costs of shorter therapy during hospital admission (euro 209 lower) were partially offset by higher costs for primary healthcare providers (euro 66 higher). The average costs generated per patient by resource utilization during admission and follow-up were estimated as euro 3,959 in the 3 day group versus euro 4,102 in the 8 day group (difference euro 143 in favour of shorter therapy). The difference was affected by changes in assumptions concerning the unit costs for hospital stay but was consistently in favour of shorter therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shorter duration of antibiotic therapy in hospitalized patients with uncomplicated pneumonia does not result in a substantial substitution of resource utilization to primary healthcare providers. As 3 day antibiotic therapy does not lead to inferior clinical results, these findings support a 3 day therapy as a more efficient strategy.
authors.affiliation: Academic Medical Centre, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. b.c.opmeer@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Opmeer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: El Moussaoui
authors.forename: P M M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bossuyt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Speelman
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Prins
authors.forename: C A J M
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Borgie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors