title: Compound heterozygosity for mutations in LMNA in a patient with a myopathic and lipodystrophic mandibuloacral dysplasia type A phenotype.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mandibuloacral dysplasia type A (MADA; OMIM 248370) is a rare progeroid syndrome characterized by dysmorphic craniofacial and skeletal features, lipodystrophy, and metabolic complications. Most Italian patients carry the same homozygous missense mutation (p.R527H) in the C-terminal tail domain of the LMNA gene, which encodes lamin A/C, an intermediate filament component of the nuclear envelope.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to identify novel LMNA mutations in individuals with clinical characteristics (bird-like facies, mandibular and clavicular hypoplasia, acroosteolysis, lipodystrophy, alopecia) observed in other well-known patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The LMNA gene was sequenced. Functional properties of the mutant alleles were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a 27-yr-old Italian woman showing a MADA-like phenotype. Features include a hypoplastic mandible, acroosteolysis, pointed nose, partial loss of sc fat, and a progeric appearance. Due to the absence of clavicular dysplasia and normal metabolic profiles, generally associated with muscle hyposthenia and generalized hypotonia, this phenotype can be considered an atypical laminopathy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified a patient compound heterozygote for the p.R527H and p.V440M alleles. The patient's cells showed nuclear shape abnormalities, accumulation of pre-lamin A, and irregular lamina thickness. Lamins A and C showed normal expression and localization. The electron microscopy detected heterochromatin defects with a pattern similar to those observed in other laminopathies. However, chromatin analysis showed a normal distribution pattern of the major heterochromatin proteins: heterochromatin protein-1beta and histone H3 methylated at lysine 9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical and cellular features of this patient show overlapping laminopathy phenotypes that could be due to the combination of p.R527H and p.V440M alleles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gullotta
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Columbaro
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Filareto
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Adamo
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vielle
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guglielmi
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nardone
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Azzolini
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grosso
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lattanzi
authors.forename: Maria Rosaria
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: D'Apice
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masala
authors.forename: Nadir Mario
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Maraldi
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sbraccia
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Novelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001848:Bone Diseases, Developmental / Q000235:genetics*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D034904:Lamin Type A / Q000235:genetics*; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000235:genetics*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D016296:Mutagenesis; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; C494847:LMNA protein, human; D034904:Lamin Type A