title: Bcl-2 overexpression in thyroid carcinoma cells increases sensitivity to Bcl-2 homology 3 domain inhibition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Bcl-2 family of proteins regulates apoptosis in various models and may represent a promising therapeutic target in human malignancies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the sensitivity of thyroid carcinoma cell lines (two papillary, one follicular, two anaplastic, three medullary) in vitro to BH3I-1 and BH3I-2', two cell-permeable inhibitors of the Bcl-2 homology (BH)-3 domain-mediated interaction between proapoptotic and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members. The thyroid carcinoma cell line FRO was stably transfected with cDNA for Bcl-2 or constitutively active Akt and evaluated for sensitivity to BH3-domain inhibition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BH3-domain inhibition disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential in thyroid carcinoma cells, induced caspase-dependent apoptosis, and potently sensitized them to sublethal concentrations of doxorubicin and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Velcade). Overexpression of constitutively active Akt suppressed BH3I-1-induced cell death. Bcl-2-overexpressing FRO cells were more resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic agents (such as doxorubicin) but significantly more sensitive to BH3I-1 than control cells and were found to overexpress caspase-9, caspase-8, Bmf, Bok, and Bik transcripts and express less A1, BRaf, and FLIP transcripts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bcl-2 expression protects thyroid carcinomas against chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Nevertheless, overexpression of Bcl-2 may result in "oncogene addiction" of the cancer cell, which can be exploited by using BH3-domain inhibitors alone or in combination with other agents, including conventional chemotherapeutics (such as doxorubicin) or novel targeted therapies (such as the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib), for the treatment of aggressive thyroid cancer, including the medullary and anaplastic types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Mayer Building, Room M555, 44 Binney Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. constantine_mitsiades@dfci.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Constantine S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Mitsiades
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hayden
authors.forename: Vassiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kotoula
authors.forename: Douglas W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: McMillin
authors.forename: Ciaran
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McMullan
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.forename: Jake E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Delmore
authors.forename: Vassiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Poulaki
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mitsiades
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein / Q000235:genetics; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000069286:Bortezomib; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics*; D018276:Carcinoma, Medullary / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003124:Colorimetry; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019254:Genes, bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt / Q000235:genetics; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; D001897:Boronic Acids; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D011719:Pyrazines; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D000069286:Bortezomib; D004317:Doxorubicin; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt; C022616:thiazolyl blue