title: Changes in levels of juvenile hormone and molting hormone in larvae and adult females of Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) after imidacloprid applications to rice.
abstract: Insect hormones regulate growth and development and fecundity of insects. The current study investigated changes in juvenile hormone (JH) and molting hormone (MH) levels in fourth instars and adult females of Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) after imidacloprid application to rice, Oryza sativa L. The results showed that JH level in fourth instars that developed feeding on Fengyouxiangzhan rice plants sprayed with 15, 30, and 60 ppm imidacloprid was significantly higher than that of larvae that developed on control plants, increasing by 5.04, 6.39, and 4.89 times, respectively. The relationships between JH level and imidacloprid concentrations showed a significant negative correlation. In contrast, molting hormone (MH) level in larvae fed on control plants was significantly higher than that on treated plants. JH:MH values in fourth instars developed from larvae feeding on rice plants treated with 15, 30, 60, 80, and 100 ppm imidacloprid increased by 49.17, 39.43, 13.48, 15.80, and 0.2 times, respectively, compared with control. JH and JH:MH ratio in larvae fed on Wujing 15 plants treated with imidacloprid were significantly lower than those fed on Fengyouxiangzhan under the same treatments. JH level in adult females that developed from larvae feeding on rice plants sprayed with imidacloprid significantly decreased with increase in imidacloprid concentration, but it increased compared with control. JH level in adult females was associated with times of imidacloprid application. JH level in adult females developed from larvae feeding on rice plants after double spray with 30 ppm imidacloprid was significantly higher than control, increasing by 61.6 and 116.5%, respectively, compared with a single spray and the control. Moreover, hormone levels in the larvae were related to the application method of imidacloprid. JH level in fourth instars after root application and topical application of imidacloprid was significantly lower than in control. Thus, the dynamics of JH and MH in insects after insecticide applications are an extremely interesting problem, because hormones are related to insect growth and development.
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yue-Shu
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Jin-Cai
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guo-Qin
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004440:Ecdysone / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007605:Juvenile Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012275:Oryza
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D007605:Juvenile Hormones; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D004440:Ecdysone; C082359:imidacloprid