title: Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in mononuclear inflammatory cells in breast cancer correlates with metastasis-relapse.
abstract: An immunohistochemical study was performed using tissue microarrays and specific antibodies against matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, -7, -9, -11, -13 and -14, tissular inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, -2 and -3. More than 2600 determinations on cancer specimens from 131 patients with primary ductal invasive tumours of the breast were performed. To identify specific groups of tumours with distinct expression profiles the data were analysed by unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis by each cellular type. We did not find well-defined cluster of cases for tumour cells or fibroblastic cells. However, for mononuclear inflammatory cells the dendogram shows a first-order division of the tumours into two distinct MMP/TIMP molecular profiles, designated group 1 (n=89) and group 2 (n=42). Matrix metalloproteinase-7, -9, -11, -13 and -14, and TIMP-1 and -2, were identified as showing significant high expression in group 2 compared with group 1. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that clustering for mononuclear inflammatory cells was the most potent independent factor associated with distant relapse-free survival (group 2: 5.6 (3.5-9.6), P<0.001). We identify a phenotype of mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltrating tumours, which is associated with the development of distant metastasis. Therefore, this finding suggests that these host inflammatory cells could be a possible target for inhibition of metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación, Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain.
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pidal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Junquera
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Corte
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lamelas
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Merino
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: García-Muñiz
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Vizoso
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D044584:Carcinoma, Ductal / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000556:secondary*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015996:Survival Rate; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis / Q000379:methods; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases