title: Simulation of flux during electro-membrane extraction based on the Nernst-Planck equation.
abstract: The present work has for the first time described and verified a theoretical model of the analytical extraction process electro-membrane extraction (EME), where target analytes are extracted from an aqueous sample, through a thin layer of 2-nitrophenyl octylether immobilized as a supported liquid membrane (SLM) in the pores in the wall of a porous hollow fibre, and into an acceptor solution present inside the lumen of the hollow fibre by the application of an electrical potential difference. The mathematical model was based on the Nernst-Planck equation, and described the flux over the SLM. The model demonstrated that the magnitude of the electrical potential difference, the ion balance of the system, and the absolute temperature influenced the flux of analyte across the SLM. These conclusions were verified by experimental data with five basic drugs. The flux was strongly dependent of the potential difference over the SLM, and increased potential difference resulted in an increase in the flux. The ion balance, defined as the sum of ions in the donor solution divided by the sum of ions in the acceptor solution, was shown to influence the flux, and high ionic concentration in the acceptor solution relative to the sample solution was advantageous for high flux. Different temperatures also led to changes in the flux in the EME system.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gjelstad
authors.forename: Knut Einar
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pedersen-Bjergaard
mesh_terms: D002412:Cations; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008956:Models, Chemical; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012996:Solutions; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012996:Solutions