title: Risk factors for renal scarring in children and adolescents with lower urinary tract dysfunction.
abstract: Risk factors for renal scarring in children with lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) were evaluated. The medical records of 120 patients were assessed concerning gender, presence of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR), bladder capacity, detrusor overactivity, residual urine, febrile urinary tract infection (UTI), bacteriuria, constipation, detrusor sphincter incoordination (DSI), high detrusor pressure at maximal cystometric capacity (PMCC), low compliance, and thickness and trabeculation of the bladder wall. Renal scarring was diagnosed by (99m)technetium-dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scan (DMSA). Renal scarring was detected in 38 patients (31%). VUR, UTI, decreased bladder capacity, urinary residue, and trabeculated and thick bladder wall were associated with scarring at univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed VUR (P < 0.0001) as the independent risk factor for renal scarring. Thickness of the bladder wall was a marginal risk factor (P = 0.07). Although UTI was not a risk factor, it was associated with VUR (P = 0.03). In our analysis, VUR was the main risk factor; however, renal scarring was probably due to multifactorial causes, as VUR was associated with UTI.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrourology Unit, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. cris.leonardo@gmail.com
authors.forename: Cristiane R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Leonardo
authors.forename: Maria Francisca T
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Filgueiras
authors.forename: Mônica M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.forename: Viviane P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: Cleidismar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.forename: Ana Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Eduardo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Eleonora M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003187:Compliance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D019783:Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid; D014463:Ultrasonography; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D014563:Urodynamics; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D019783:Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid