title: HAP1 can sequester a subset of TBP in cytoplasmic inclusions via specific interaction with the conserved TBP(CORE).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Huntington's disease, spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, and spinocerebellar ataxia 17 (SCA17) are caused by expansions in the polyglutamine (polyQ) repeats in Huntingtin protein (Htt), androgen receptor protein (AR), and TATA-binding protein (TBP), respectively. Htt-associated protein 1 (HAP1), a component of neuronal cytoplasmic stigmoid bodies (STBs), can sequester polyQ-expanded Htt and AR in STBs, thereby antagonizing formation of the nuclear aggregates associated with apoptotic neuron loss and disease progression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clones of HAP1 were isolated from unbiased two-hybrid screens for proteins that interact with TBP. Domain mapping showed that regions between amino acids 157 and 261 and between amino acids 473 and 582 of mouse HAP1 both bind specifically to the conserved C-terminal TBP(CORE) domain, away from the TBP N-terminal polyQ region. When fluorescently tagged versions of HAP1 or TBP were expressed independently in COS-7, 293, or Neuro-2a cells, all TBP localized to the nucleus and all HAP1 assembled into cytoplasmic stigmoid-like bodies (STLBs). When co-expressed, a portion of the TBP was assembled into the HAP1 STLBs while the remainder was localized to the nucleus. Although the TBP N terminus, including the polyQ region, was unnecessary for TBP-HAP1 interaction, in mammalian cells, removal of the TBP Q(repeat) reduced the proportion of TBP that assembled into STLBs, whereas expansion of the Q(repeat) had no significant affect on TBP subcellular localization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HAP1 can sequester a subset of TBP protein away from the nucleus; extranuclear TBP sequestration is quantitatively influenced by the TBP polyQ repeat. These results suggest HAP1 could provide protection from SCA17 neuropathology.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Molecular Biology, Molecular Biosciences, Montana State University, 960 Technology Blvd, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. prigge@montana.edu
authors.forename: Justin R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Prigge
authors.forename: Edward E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000071058:Huntingtin Protein; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047468:Immunoprecipitation / Q000379:methods; D002479:Inclusion Bodies / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D020754:Spinocerebellar Ataxias / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D035181:TATA-Box Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
chemical_list: C490758:Hap1 protein, mouse; C506812:Htt protein, mouse; D000071058:Huntingtin Protein; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D035181:TATA-Box Binding Protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; C097188:polyglutamine