title: Adaptation of plum pox virus to a herbaceous host (Pisum sativum) following serial passages.
abstract: Plum pox virus (PPV) populations from peaches are able to adapt consistently to herbaceous hosts, characterized by a reduction in time to symptom development, increases in inoculation efficiency and increased titres. PPV adaptation was studied by using pea (Pisum sativum) as an alternative host. Two isolates of PPV from peaches were inoculated and passaged in peas ten times using either aphid or mechanical inoculation, generating four independent passage lines. Mechanical-transmission efficiency from peach to pea improved from 3 % at passage 1 to 100 % by serial passage 4 on peas. Inoculation using aphid vectors required six to ten serial passages in pea to reach a peak of 50-60 % transmission efficiency. Sequence analyses of all four PPV population lines inoculated sequentially to pea identified a specific mutation occurring consistently in the NIb gene when compared with the same PPV isolates passaged in parallel in peach. The mutation allowed PPV to replicate up to 20 times faster in the new host. Pea-adapted strains of PPV at every passage were also tested for their ability to infect the original host, peach. Regardless of the number of previous passages, all pea-adapted PPV strains consistently infected peach at low levels using aphid inoculation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Diana J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Vernon D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Damsteegt
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Penn State University, Buckhout Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Fred E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Gildow
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000821:virology; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000821:virology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000821:virology; D017801:Plum Pox Virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D011523:Protoplasts / Q000821:virology; D027861:Prunus / Q000821:virology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral