title: Paravasation with cyclophosphamide--case report of tissue necrosis in a patient with primary breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Paravasation is a rare but severe complication of treatment with cytotoxic agents. Some anticancer drugs are considered to be of high toxicity (vesicant), some are merely irritant, and some are regarded as nearly non-toxic to healthy tissue as is the case with cyclophosphamide.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this report, we present the first case of severe tissue damage caused by a paravasation of cyclophosphamide in a breast cancer patient receiving chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therefore, every attending oncological physician should be aware of the possibility of severe tissue damage as a consequence of cyclophosphamide paravasation.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Jueckstock
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mylonas
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Strobl
authors.forename: Fritz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Willgeroth
authors.forename: Harald L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Friese
mesh_terms: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D003520:Cyclophosphamide