Goal attribution to inanimate agents by 6.5-month-old infants.
Human infants' tendency to attribute goals to observed actions may help us to understand where people's obsession with goals originates from. While one-year-old infants liberally interpret the behaviour of many kinds of agents as goal-directed, a recent report [Kamewari, K., Kato, M., Kanda, T., Ishiguro, H., & Hiraki, K. (2005). Six-and-a-half-month-old children positively attribute goals to human action and to humanoid-robot motion. Cognitive Development, 20, 303-320] suggested that younger infants restrict goal attribution to humans and human-like creatures. The present experiment tested whether 6.5-month-old infants would be willing to attribute a goal to a moving inanimate box if it slightly varied its goal approach within the range of the available efficient actions. The results were positive, demonstrating that featural identification of agents is not a necessary precondition of goal attribution in young infants and that the single most important behavioural cue for identifying a goal-directed agent is variability of behaviour. This result supports the view that the bias to give teleological interpretation to actions is not entirely derived from infants' experience.
Csibra
Gergely
G
School of Psychology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom. g.csibra@bbk.ac.uk
D001288:Attention; D003210:Concept Formation; D003469:Culture; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D009039:Motion Perception; D009949:Orientation; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D002666:Psychology, Child; D012931:Social Environment