title: Pediatric residents' and continuity clinic preceptors' perceptions of the effects of restricted work hours on their learning relationship.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of the Work Hour Standard (WHS) on continuity of care and quality of education has stimulated much discussion, yet little is known about how it affects the resident-continuity clinic preceptor (CCP) dyad, the only longitudinal learning relationship in pediatric residency. This case study explored residents' and CCPs' perceptions of the effects of restricted work hours on their learning relationship.
  
  
  METHODS
  Direct observation of third-year pediatric residents (n = 10) and their CCPs (n = 10) was carried out in continuity clinic (CC) for 5 months; both groups attended clinic before and after the WHS. Semistructured, audiotaped interviews were conducted with residents before and after observation, and with CCPs after resident data were collected. Data from interview transcripts and observational notes were analyzed for major themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To comply with the WHS, postcall clinic was eliminated and residents were rescheduled to another afternoon CC. The consequence of eliminating postcall clinic, disruption in the resident-CCP relationship, was perceived differently by residents and CCPs. From the residents' perspective, rescheduling CC in response to the WHS benefited their learning because it exposed them to different CCPs with different practice styles. From the CCPs' perspective, rescheduling CC frustrated their efforts to be learner-centered teachers and effective mentors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intended changes to limit excessive work hours had unintended effects that were viewed more favorably by residents than by CCPs. Understanding the shared and different perspectives of residents and preceptors regarding WHS-related changes in CC extends the discussion of the effect of restricted work hours.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. balmer@email.chop.edu
authors.forename: Dorene
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Balmer
authors.forename: Sheryl
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruzek
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giardino
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education*; D011231:Preceptorship / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016526:Workload