title: Lymphedema in women with breast cancer: characteristics of patients screened for a randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accrual rates for a randomized trial of decongestive therapy in breast cancer patients with lymphedema were lower than anticipated. In two centres, patients presenting to lymphedema clinic were screened for eligibility to understand the accrual process and help define the patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  All breast cancer patients presenting to two lymphedema clinics in regional cancer centres were screened for study entry. Circumferential arm measurements were taken and volumes calculated. Patients were then screened for trial eligibility. All report forms were sent to the trial coordinating centre.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 408 patients were screened. Median arm volume excess was 239 ml (9.5%). One third of patients had little or no excess volume. Only 28.3% of patients had sufficient excess volume for trial eligibility. Of these, a significant number of patients were excluded because of active malignancy or previous decongestive therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding of moderate to severe lymphedema observed in clinics screening for trial eligibility was less than expected. The natural history of lymphedema in breast cancer patients is potentially changing. Some patients may be presenting with sensory changes suggestive of lymphedema but due to other causes, such as nerve disruption following axillary dissection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Ian.Dayes@hrcc.on.ca
authors.forename: Ian S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Dayes
authors.forename: Mark N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Julian
authors.forename: Kathleen I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Pritchard
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: D'Souza
authors.forename: Lyn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kligman
authors.forename: Donnalue
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reise
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wiernikowski
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bonilla
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Whelan
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm / Q000473:pathology; D001365:Axilla / Q000601:surgery; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008403:Mass Screening; D010349:Patient Compliance; D018579:Patient Selection; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012107:Research Design