Phenobarbital-induced gingival hyperplasia.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this article is to present a case of a phenobarbital-induced gingival hyperplasia (GH), discuss possible etiological mechanisms of drug-induced GH, and to present a concise review of the literature.


BACKGROUND
GH is a well-known complication associated with anticonvulsant phenytoin, antihypertensive calcium channel blockers, and immunosuppressant cyclosporine therapy. Sodium valproate and primidone has very rarely been found to cause GH.


METHODS
An extremely rare case of phenobarbital-induced GH in a 28-year-old male patient who had received this drug for three years is presented. The histological examination of the lesion revealed a hyperplastic epithelium, epithelial acanthosis, and elongated rete ridges as well as obviously enhanced dense collagenous fibers and proliferation of fibroblasts.


CONCLUSIONS
Phenobarbital-induced GH is a rare clinical entity which necessitates meticulous evaluation. However, it seems to show a benign behavior with reference to recurrence after surgical excision.
Lafzi
Ardeshir
A
Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ardeshir.lafzi@gmail.com
Farahani
Ramin Mostofi Zadeh
RM
Shoja
Mohammad Ali Mohajjel
MA
D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005885:Gingival Hyperplasia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000009:adverse effects*
D000927:Anticonvulsants; D010634:Phenobarbital