title: Risk factors for HIV/AIDS in a low HIV prevalence site of sub-Saharan Africa.
abstract: We conducted a hospital-based survey on prevalence and risk factors of HIV-1/2 and other viral infections in Zanzibar archipelago. Blood samples, socio-demographic and behavioural data were collected from 2697 patients. The overall HIV prevalence was 2.9%. About 1.4%, 2.1%, 4.2% of antenatal clinic (ANC) attendees and 2.1%, 3.7%, 5.3% of blood donors were, respectively, HIV-Abs-, HTLV-Abs- and HBs-Ag-positive; 5.5% of blood donors were HCV-affected. Co-infections were rare. Exactly 3.4% of the children aged 6-10 years were HIV-positive. People aged 26-35 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.4, 95% CI (confidence interval) 1.72-11.22; P = 0.002], illiterate subjects (AOR 3.6, 95% CI 1.65-7.98; P = 0.001) mobile workers (AOR 7.0, 95% CI 1.41-34.62; P = 0.02) and previously operated patients (AOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.02-3.66; P = 0.04) were at higher risk for HIV/AIDS. Any of the examined factors were associated with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and human T lymphotropic virus type 1/2 transmission. HIV/AIDS prevention strategies must primarily be addressed to traditional high-risk groups and secondarily to unsafe health care procedures in relatively preserved sub-Saharan areas.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences L Sacco, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Croce
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fedeli
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dahoma
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dehò
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramsan
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Adorni
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Corvasce
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017954:Africa South of the Sahara / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D015497:HIV-1; D015498:HIV-2; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology