title: Minimizing antipsychotic medication obviated the need for enema against severe constipation leading to paralytic ileus: a case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the usefulness of antipsychotic dose-reduction for avoiding paralytic ileus in a patient with chronic schizophrenia and comorbid dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 65-year-old in-patient developed severe paralytic ileus warranting a transfer to the general hospital. Constipation was very troublesome and he often needed enema to prevent intestinal obstruction. He had originally been treated with 24 mg of bromperidol, which was reduced to 4 mg, and other psychotropic treatments were simultaneously simplified. As a result, bowel habits improved and enema is now only rarely necessary. Constipation is a frequent adverse effect of antipsychotics and adjunctive psychotropics, which can be severe and may lead to life-threatening paralytic ileus. Dose-reduction obviated a necessity of enema against persistent constipation, while the patient's mental status remained under control. Assessment using the Naranjo probability scale revealed a definite causal relationship.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With an increasing number of elderly patients with schizophrenia, more cases of severe gastrointestinal motility problems from antipsychotic medication are to be expected. In this patient population dose-reduction of antipsychotics and simplification of concomitant psychotropics should be seriously considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan. takefumi@oak.dti.ne.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kashima
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003248:Constipation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004733:Enema; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007418:Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D006220:Haloperidol; C006820:bromperidol