title: The influence of temperature on the efficacy of polymerization of composite resin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different temperatures on the efficacy of polymerization during the insertion of composite resin using different light curing units.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 45 disc-shaped specimens were fabricated from Z250 composite resin (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) with 15 each prepared at three different temperatures (refrigerated to 5 masculineC, room temperature at 25 masculineC, and preheated to 37 masculineC). Each of these temperature-controlled specimen groups of 15 were then subdivided into three groups of five specimens, according to the type of curing light used to polymerize them. Curing lights included a conventional halogen light (QTH) in two modes (continuous and soft-start polymerization) and a light emitting diode (LED). The microhardness of the top and bottom surfaces of the specimens was determined using a Buehler Micromet II digital microhardness tester (Buehler, Dusseldorf, Germany). Data obtained was analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Post Hoc Tukey's test at a 0.05 significance level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As the temperature of composite resin increased, the top and bottom microhardness of the specimens also increased regardless of the type of polymerizing light used. The LED light produced a significantly better hardness on top and bottom surfaces of composite resin specimens polymerized at the three different temperatures. Effectiveness of cure at top and bottom surfaces of composite specimens was significantly reduced by using soft-start curing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of pre-warmed composite resins might help to improve polymerization of composite resin especially at the deeper areas of a restoration which could result in an increase in the expected life of a composite restoration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dental Science, Collage of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. wawliya@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Wedad Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Awliya
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003748:Dental Equipment; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D006219:Halogens; D006244:Hardness / Q000528:radiation effects; D008027:Light; D044367:Phase Transition; D012666:Semiconductors; D013674:Technology, Dental / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; C444701:Filtek Z250; D006219:Halogens