title: Oral mucosal disease: recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
abstract: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS; aphthae; canker sores) is common worldwide. Characterised by multiple, recurrent, small, round, or ovoid ulcers with circumscribed margins, erythematous haloes, and yellow or grey floors, it usually presents first in childhood or adolescence. Its aetiology and pathogenesis is not entirely clear, but there is genetic predisposition, with strong associations with interleukin genotypes, and sometimes a family history. Diagnosis is on clinical grounds alone, and must be differentiated from other causes of recurrent ulceration, particularly Behçet disease - a systemic disorder in which aphthous-like ulcers are associated with genital ulceration, and eye disease (particularly posterior uveitis). Management remains unsatisfactory, as topical corticosteroids and most other treatments only reduce the severity of the ulceration, but do not stop recurrence.
authors.affiliation: University College London, Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK. Electronic address: c.scully@eastman.ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Crispian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scully
authors.affiliation: University College London, Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Porter
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001528:Behcet Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D012008:Recurrence; D013281:Stomatitis, Aphthous / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents