title: PAX6 is expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and is downregulated during induction of terminal differentiation.
abstract: Tumors of the exocrine pancreas are a major cause of cancer death and have among the poorest prognosis of any malignancy. Following the "cancer stem cell hypothesis," where tumors are believed to originate in tissue specific stem cells, we screened primary ductal pancreatic carcinomas and cell lines for the expression of possible stem cell factors. We find 32/46 (70%) of primary tumors and 9/10 (90%) of cell lines express PAX6. PAX6 is a transcription factor expressed throughout the pancreatic bud during embryogenesis but not in the mature exocrine pancreas. PAX proteins have also been implicated in maintaining stem cells in a committed but undifferentiated state but a role for PAX proteins in putative pancreas stem cells is not known. We induced a pancreatic carcinoma cell line, Panc-1, to differentiate by transfecting wild-type p53 and treating the cells with differentiation agents gastrin or butyrate. This treatment induces cells to terminally differentiate into a growth-arrested cell with neurite-like processes, express the terminal differentiation marker somatostatin and downregulate PAX6. This phenotype can be replicated by directly inhibiting PAX6 expression. These data support a model where PAX proteins are aberrantly expressed in tumors and downregulation leads to differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mascarenhas
authors.forename: Sara K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halegoua
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Ruggeri
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D002455:Cell Division; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017931:DNA Primers; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D005136:Eye Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; C000605732:Pax6 protein, mouse; C000605733:Pax6 protein, rat; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53