title: Exenatide therapy in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of exenatide on clinical parameters in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus whose hyperglycemia is not adequately controlled despite treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective analysis, clinical progress of 52 obese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with exenatide, 5 mcg twice daily, in an outpatient setting was reviewed. Treatment initiation was between September and December 2005. Mean follow-up period was 26 weeks. Thirty-eight patients took exenatide regularly (Group A); 14 patients discontinued exenatide because of insurance, personal, or economic reasons (Group B). Measurements at baseline and at follow-up included body weight; blood pressure; and levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), and plasma lipids. Insulin dosage requirements were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean body weight (+/- standard error of the mean) decreased by 6.46 +/- 0.8 kg (P<.001) in Group A and increased by 2.4 +/- 0.6 kg in Group B (P<001). In Group A, mean HbA1c decreased by 0.6 +/- 0.21% (P = .007), and the insulin dosage requirement decreased for rapid-acting and mixed insulins (P<.02). In Group A, means of the following parameters decreased: serum total cholesterol by 8.5 +/- 3.3% (P = .03), triglycerides by 26 +/- 7.6% (P = .01), systolic blood pressure by 9.2 +/- 3.3 mm Hg (P = .02), and high-sensitivity CRP by 34 +/- 14.3% (P = .05). These indices did not change in Group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exenatide effectively treats obese patients with type 2 diabetes on insulin, leading to weight loss and reduction in levels of HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and high-sensitivity CRP.
authors.affiliation: The Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, State University of New York, Buffalo, and Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Prabhakar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Viswanathan
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
authors.forename: Ruchi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: Fida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al-Atrash
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mohanty
authors.forename: Paresh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dandona
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000077270:Exenatide; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014688:Venoms / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol; D000077270:Exenatide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010455:Peptides; D014280:Triglycerides; D014688:Venoms