title: Chronic corticosterone elevation and sex-specific augmentation of the hypoxic ventilatory response in awake rats.
abstract: Perinatal stress disrupts normal development of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Adult male (but not female) rats previously subjected to a stress such as neonatal maternal separation (NMS) are characterized by chronic elevation of plasma corticosterone (Cort) levels and an abnormally elevated hypoxic ventilatory response through mechanisms that remain unknown. The present study tested the hypothesis that a chronic increase of plasma Cort levels alone augments the ventilatory response to hypoxia in adult rats. Three groups of Sprague-Dawley male and female rats were used (control, placebo and Cort implants). Rats subjected to chronic Cort elevation received a subcutaneous Cort implant (300 mg) 14 days prior to ventilatory measurements, whereas sham-operated rats received placebo implants. Controls received no treatment. Plasma Cort levels and body weight profiles were measured to assess protocol efficiency. Whole body plethysmography was used to measure ventilatory activity and metabolic indices during normoxia and following a 20 min period of moderate hypoxia (12% O(2)). Male rats implanted with Cort showed a ventilatory response to hypoxia higher than placebo-treated rats; this effect was mainly due to a larger tidal volume response. In females, Cort treatment increased the breathing frequency response but the effect on minute ventilation was not significant. Taken together, these data show that chronic elevation of Cort alone increases the ventilatory response to hypoxia, but in a sex-specific manner. These data raise important questions regarding the mechanisms underlying the sexual dimorphism of this effect and the potential link between HPA axis dysfunction and respiratory disorders related to abnormal ventilatory chemoreflex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allard
authors.forename: Roumiana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gulemetova
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kinkead
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012119:Respiration; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013997:Time Factors; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003345:Corticosterone