title: Effect of a blueberry nutritional supplement on macronutrients, food group intake, and plasma vitamin E and vitamin C in US athletes.
abstract: Antioxidants from a blueberry beverage may impact plasma vitamins. We examined vitamins/food selection in 12 college athletes during 30 days compared with placebo. Blood was collected before and after exercise at the beginning of the study (day 1) and then after a 30-day period of taking a daily supplemental beverage (day 30). The six trials involved blood that was drawn pre-beverage ingestion/pre-exercise (trials 1 and 4), post-beverage ingestion/pre-exercise (trials 2 and 5), and post-beverage ingestion/1 h post-exercise (trials 3 and 6), on day 1 (trials 1, 2, and 3) and day 30 (trials 4, 5, and 6). Analysis of variance revealed non-significant differences for macronutrient or gamma-tocopherol and vitamin C intakes by food frequency questionnaire or plasma vitamins by liquid chromatography. There was a trend (P = 0.083) in the group x time interaction for alpha-tocopherol intake by repeated-measures analysis of variance. Blueberry alpha-tocopherol (23.91 +/- 9.31 mg) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than placebo alpha-tocopherol intake (7.59 +/- 0.95 mg) on day 1, but not on day 30 (blueberry, alpha-tocopherol = 9.04 +/- 2.35 mg, placebo, alpha-tocopherol = 11.46 +/- 3.65 mg) by pairwise comparisons. Blueberry supplementation did not affect plasma vitamin concentrations or gamma-tocopherol and vitamin C intakes, and may reduce alpha-tocopherol intake in those starting with a higher alpha-tocopherol intake, yet not altering athletes' eating habits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Foods Science and Technology, Instituto del Frío, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain. csanchezm@if.csic.es
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Moreno
authors.forename: Victoria A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Kimler
authors.forename: Francie L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Cordts
authors.forename: Jayne A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cady
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Weller
authors.forename: Jaymi W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Dumper
authors.forename: Paulette
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Frank E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Pink
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Escrig
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Charles R C
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Marks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000975:Antioxidants; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D001628:Beverages; D029798:Blueberry Plants; D015930:Diet Records; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010807:Physical Endurance; D012527:Satiation; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014815:Vitamins; D014810:Vitamin E; D001205:Ascorbic Acid