title: Can the metabolic syndrome identify children with insulin resistance?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The metabolic syndrome is associated with insulin resistance in adults. We defined pediatric metabolic syndrome using criteria analogous to Adult Treatment Panel III. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these criteria are reliable for insulin resistance in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out of 167 children (6.7 +/- 3 yr), 73 overweight [body mass index (BMI) > 95 percentile], 41 at risk of overweight (BMI > 85 < 95 percentile), and 53 normal-weight (BMI < 85 percentile) children matched for sex and age were examined. The results for waist circumference, blood pressure, oral glucose tolerance test, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, insulin, and lipids were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a comparable prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in both sexes. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 11.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.56-16.19%] among the whole group and 21.9% (95% CI 12.24-31.0%) among overweight children. Waist circumference >75 percentile 53.2% (95% CI 45.73-60.86%) and low high-density lipoprotein 27.5% (95% CI 20.77-34.32%) were common in this sample. Compared with patients without any component of the metabolic syndrome, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) for patients with one through four components was higher (beta = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.7, p < 0.0001, R(2) = 0.185). A logistic regression analysis using the metabolic syndrome as the dependent variable showed that HOMA-IR (odds ratio 1.52, 95% CI 1.2-2.0, p = 0.007) was the only independent risk factor for the metabolic syndrome, adjusted for age and sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The importance of insulin resistance in the metabolic syndrome is supported by the results of logistic regression analysis. Early identification of children may be useful to predict future cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, Durand Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina. vhirschler@intramed.net
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hirschler
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Calcagno
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aranda
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maccallini
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jadzinsky
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein