title: Early administration of two intravenous bolus of aminophylline added to the standard treatment of children with acute asthma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the efficacy of adding two intravenous bolus of aminophylline to the standard treatment of acute asthma episode in children admitted to the pediatric emergency room (PER).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 2001 and February 2002, 60 children (2-5 years old), admitted to the PER at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (Brazil), due to an episode of acute asthma, refractory to conventional therapy (an oral dose of steroids and at least three doses of inhaled albuterol, associated or not with oxygen) were enrolled in a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. The randomization was performed in blocks of 10 patients, who received a "bronchodilator solution" (either saline or aminophylline), in two doses: on arrival at the PER and again 6h later. The intervention group received aminophylline 5mg/kg/dose diluted in normal saline (NS) solution up to a 20 mL volume, while the placebo group received plain NS, both in an infusion rate of 1 cc/min. The main outcomes were total length of hospital stay, length of supplemental oxygen use, number of bronchodilator nebulizations and/or aerosol inhalations performed and patient destination. The groups were compared using the Students t-test, Mann-Whitney test and Chi-Square test, accepting p<0.05 as significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing the main outcomes, we did not find differences between the placebo and aminophylline groups: 29.0+/-14.7 versus 26.2+/-13.4 beta-agonist nebulizations per patient (p=0.46); 2.4+/-10.6 versus 5.6+/-14.2 aerosol inhalations per patient (p=0.32); 24.7+/-30.0 versus 26.0+/-25.2h for oxygen supplement (p=0.86); 43.2+/-30.0 versus 43.6+/-23.7h for length of hospital stay (p=0.95). We also did not find differences between the two groups related to the blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children aged 2-5 years admitted to a PER with asthma, two intravenous doses of 5mg/kg of aminophylline given 6h apart did not change the length of stay in hospital, the number of nebulizations given or the duration of oxygen therapy required. We are unable to tell whether there would be benefit with higher doses of aminophylline designed to give levels in the usual therapeutic range.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (Brazil), Pediatric Department, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil. rosasd@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Rosângela Silveira
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: D'Avila
authors.forename: Jefferson P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Piva
authors.forename: Paulo José Cauduro
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Marostica
authors.forename: Sérgio Luís
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Amantea
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000628:Aminophylline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001938:Brazil; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D000628:Aminophylline