title: Simultaneous detection and differentiation of Newcastle disease and avian influenza viruses using oligonucleotide microarrays.
abstract: Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) are two of the most important zoonotic viral diseases of birds throughout the world. These two viruses often have a great impact upon the poultry industry. Both viruses are associated with transmission from wild to domestic birds, and often display similar signs that need to be differentiated. A rapid surveillance among wild and domestic birds is important for early disease detection and intervention, and is the basis for what measures should be taken. The surveillance, thus, should be able to differentiate the diseases and provide a detailed analysis of the virus strains. Here, we described a fast, simultaneous and inexpensive approach to the detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza virus (AIV) using oligonucleotide microarrays. The NDV pathotypes and the AIV haemagglutinin subtypes H5 and H7 were determined at the same time. Different probes on a microarray targeting the same gene were implemented in order to encompass the diversified virus strains or provide multiple confirmations of the genotype. This ensures good sensitivity and specificity among divergent viruses. Twenty-four virus isolates and twenty-four various combinations of the viruses were tested in this study. All viruses were successfully detected and typed. The hybridization results on microarrays were clearly identified with the naked eyes, with no further imaging equipment needed. The results demonstrate that the detection and typing of multiple viruses can be performed simultaneously and easily using oligonucleotide microarrays. The proposed method may provide potential for rapid surveillance and differential diagnosis of these two important zoonoses in both wild and domestic birds.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Lih-Chiann
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chu-Hsiang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Lucia Liu
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Severinghaus
authors.forename: Lu-Yuan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chi-Tsong
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chang-En
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jihn-Tsair
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lir
authors.forename: Shih-Chien
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Ming-Chu
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Shu-Hwae
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ching-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001717:Birds; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011200:Poultry; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013045:Species Specificity