title: Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 attenuates hippocampal neuronal loss and cognitive dysfunction resulting from chronic restraint stress in ovariectomized rats.
abstract: We have recently found that a combination of ovariectomy (OVX) and chronic restraint stress causes cognitive dysfunction and reduces hippocampal CA3 neurons in female rats and that estrogen replacement suppresses the OVX/stress-induced behavioral and morphological changes. In this study, we examined the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761), a popular herbal supplement, on the cognitive dysfunction and neuromorphological change in OVX/stress-subjected rats. Female Fisher 344 rats were randomly divided into three groups: vehicle-treated OVX, EGb 761 (50 mg/kg) -treated OVX and vehicle-treated sham-operated control groups. Two months after ovariectomy, all animals received restraint stress for 21 days (6 h/day), and were then subjected to a novel object recognition test followed by morphological examination by Nissl staining. EGb 761 was orally administered once daily until the behavioral analysis was done. Treatment with EGb 761 improved memory impairment and neuronal loss of hippocampus in the OVX/stress-subjected group in the same ways as 17beta-estradiol. On the other hand, EGb 761 did not affect the loss of bone mineral density and increase in body weight after OVX, although 17beta-estradiol attenuated them. These results have important implications for neuroprotective and cognition enhancing effects of EGb 761 in postmenopausal women and suggest that the effects are mediated by a different mechanism from estrogen.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takuma
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hoshina
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Himeno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Funatsu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitahara
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ibi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayase
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizoguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D002452:Cell Count; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; C063170:Ginkgo biloba extract; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract