title: Is osteoporosis in postmenopausal female patients related to previous pregnancies and/or miscarriages?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if osteopenia and osteoporosis in postmenopausal female patients are related to previous pregnancies and/or miscarriages.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 81 postmenopausal female patients, 40 with osteopenia or osteoporosis and 41 without osteopenia or osteoporosis, carefully matched for age (control group). In the two groups, the presence or not of osteopenia, osteoporosis, or both, were analyzed and compared with the number of childbirths and/or miscarriages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, no statistical difference was found among the 40 patients with one, two, three or more than three childbirths and osteopenia or osteoporosis compared with the control group (p=0.5363, p=0.5782, p=0.0763, p=0.1931, respectively). Similarly, no differences were found between the osteopenia/osteoporosis group and the control group in relation to previous one, two, three or more than three miscarriages. When both childbirths and miscarriages were added together (three, four, five, six, more than six), again no statistical difference was found between the osteopenia/osteoporosis group and the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In postmenopausal women, the obstetric history of previous childbirths and/or miscarriages, independent of the number, did not seem to be a risk factor for osteopenia or osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sioka
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bougias
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fotopoulos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017698:Postmenopause; D012016:Reference Values; D017584:Reproductive History; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016387:Women's Health