title: Osteopontin improves in vitro development of porcine embryos and decreases apoptosis.
abstract: An optimal environment for fertilization and early embryonic development is provided by the mammalian oviduct and uterus. The secretory cells lining the lumen of the oviduct and uterus synthesize and secrete proteins that have been shown to interact with and influence the activities of gametes and embryos. Western blotting in this study demonstrated that a 50-kDa secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) form was present in the uterus on Days 0, 3, and 5 in pregnant and nonbred gilts, and the concentration of SPP1 on Day 0 was higher than on Days 3 and 5 in pregnant gilts, but in nonbred gilts the concentration of SPP1 on Day 0 was higher than Day 3, but not Day 5. In addition, we show that addition of 0.1 microg/ml SPP1 to the culture medium after fertilization increased the percent cleaved (24 hr: 23.6 +/- 1.29(a) vs. 18.7 +/- 0.65(b) (2-cell %)), and the percent blastocyst (37.2 +/- 1.12(a) vs. 30.9 +/- 0.56(b)) derived from IVF (P < 0.05). In parthenogenetic-derived embryos the percent cleaved was increased due to SPP1 at 24 hr (24.0 +/- 1.59(a) vs. 19.7 +/- 1.59(b) (>2-cell %)), and at 48 hr (72.9+/- 2.99(a) vs. 63.3 +/- 2.99(b)), but not the percent blastocyst. By TUNEL assay, SPP1 decreased both apoptosis (7.9 +/- 0.04(a) vs. 13.1 +/- 0.02(b)) and the percent fragmentation (45.2 +/- 0.07(a) vs. 58.8 +/- 0.03(b)). We conclude that SPP1 can improve development in vitro possibly by reducing the rate of apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Yanhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Clifton N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spate
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wax
authors.forename: Zhisheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.forename: Nagappan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mathialagan
authors.forename: Heide
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schatten
authors.forename: Randall S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Prather
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010057:Oviducts / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D014599:Uterus / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D053495:Osteopontin