title: Cytokine expression pattern in compression and tension sides of the periodontal ligament during orthodontic tooth movement in humans.
abstract: Orthodontic tooth movement is achieved by the remodeling of periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone in response to mechanical loading and is believed to be mediated by several host mediators, such as cytokines. By means of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we studied the pattern of expression of mRNA encoding several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in relation to several extracellular matrix and bone remodeling markers, in tension (T) and compression (C) sides of the PDL of human teeth subjected to rapid maxillary expansion. The PDL of normal teeth was used as a control. The results showed that both T and C sides exhibited significantly higher expression of all targets when compared with controls, except for type I collagen (COL-I) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) on the C side. Comparing C and T sides, the C side exhibited higher expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), whereas the T side presented higher expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10), TIMP-1, COL-I, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and osteocalcin (OCN). The expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) was similar in both C and T sides. Our data demonstrate a differential expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in compressed and stretched PDL during orthodontic tooth movement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, UEPG, Ponta Grossa, Brazil. garletgp@usp.br
authors.forename: Thiago P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Garlet
authors.forename: Ulisses
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: João S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Gustavo P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Garlet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000378:metabolism*; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015675:Osteocalcin; D016753:Interleukin-10; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1