title: Coeliac disease and hearing loss: preliminary data on a new possible association.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Coeliac disease (CD), an autoimmune gluten-dependent enteropathy, can be associated with several extra-intestinal manifestations, including neurological disorders. At present, no data are available on the presence of hearing loss disorder in coeliac patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of hearing loss in coeliac patients compared with that in healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four adult coeliac patients and 24 healthy subjects matched for gender, age, smoking and drinking habits were enrolled in the study. Among the coeliac patients, 6 were newly diagnosed and 18 patients were on a gluten-free diet for at least one year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A hearing loss was found in 10 (47.1%) coeliac patients and 2 (9.1%) healthy controls. All CD patients with hearing loss presented a sensorineural hearing loss. The prevalence of hearing loss was significantly higher in coeliac patients than in healthy controls (p = 0.01) but it was not significantly different between untreated (33.3%) and treated (44.4%) coeliac patients (p: NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the low number of subjects evaluated, the present study showed a higher prevalence of hearing loss in coeliac patients than in healthy controls, suggesting an association between CD and hearing loss. Immunological processes such as ear-specific and non-specific autoantibodies and vasculitis could be the basis of this association. Further longitudinal investigations on a larger sample size will be necessary to confirm the present data.
authors.affiliation: Institutes of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leggio
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cadoni
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirijello
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scipione
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrulli
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agostino
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paludetti
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gasbarrini
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Addolorato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005903:Gliadin / Q000276:immunology; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012016:Reference Values; D018401:Sample Size
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005903:Gliadin