title: Splenic trauma in Scotland: demographics and outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Splenic trauma is a common organ injury following blunt abdominal trauma. In order to establish the contemporary epidemiology of blunt splenic trauma in Scotland and to detect risk factors associated with patient outcomes, analysis of a multi-center database of trauma patients was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used data from a prospectively collated multicenter trauma database containing the details of 52,215 trauma patients admitted to participating Scottish hospitals over an 11-year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  672 (1.3%) patients (530 males, 142 females) with splenic trauma were identified; of them, 579 (86.2%) had blunt trauma and 93 (13.8%) had penetrating trauma. The mean age of patients with blunt splenic trauma was 35.7 years (33.8 years for males, 42.0 years for females). Increasing age and female sex was significantly associated with mortality. The most common mechanism for injury was road traffic accidents (71%). In the series, 93.8% of patients had concomitant injuries including head injuries (46.5%), thoracic injuries (37.7%) and liver injuries (30%). A total of 299 (51.6%) patients proceeded to laparotomy, and 256 (44.2%) patients required ICU support. The overall mortality was 33.5%, and the median Injury Severity Score was 48 in patients who died, compared to 22 in those who survived. Increased mortality was associated with concomitant aortic, cardiac, or abdominal injuries. A number of independent risk factors were associated with increased risk of mortality, including concomitant injuries, increased age, and increased Injury Severity Score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of splenic trauma is low, but it accounts for significant mortality. Outcome in the present study was worse in those with advanced age and associated injuries.
authors.affiliation: Academic Coloproctology, 4th Floor MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH4 2XU. richardbrady@btinternet.com
authors.forename: Richard R W
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bandari
authors.forename: Jan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kerssens
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paterson-Brown
authors.forename: Rowan W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Parks
mesh_terms: D015998:Abbreviated Injury Scale; D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D013154:Spleen / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery