title: Buprenorphine misuse among heroin and amphetamine users in Malmo, Sweden: purpose of misuse and route of administration.
abstract: Buprenorphine misuse by injecting drug users was assessed in a survey of 350 needle exchangers, either amphetamine (57%) or heroin users (42%). 89% of heroin users and 24% of amphetamine users reported using buprenorphine at some time during the previous year. Most users reported illicit acquisition. Among illicit users, 87% of heroin users reported intake for withdrawal treatment or self-detoxification, and 11% for euphoria. Euphoria seeking was more common among amphetamine users (62%, p < 0.001). Intravenous misuse was reported by 43% of illicit users, and snorting by 29%. Sole sublingual intake was more common among heroin users than among amphetamine users (46 vs. 20%, p < 0.05), and less common among patients reporting euphoria seeking (20 vs. 46%, p < 0.05).
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Alcohol Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. anders_c.hakansson@med.lu.se
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hakansson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medvedeo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berglund
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000328:Adult; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005059:Euphoria / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D018671:Needle-Exchange Programs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D002047:Buprenorphine