title: Probing the mechanisms of an air amplifier using a LTQ-FT-ICR-MS and fluorescence spectroscopy.
abstract: We report the first quantitative assessment of electrosprayed droplet/ion focusing enabled by the use of a voltage-assisted air amplifier between an electrospray ionization emitter and a hybrid linear ion trap Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (ESI-LTQ-FT-ICR-MS). A solution of fluorescent dye was electrosprayed with a stainless steel mesh screen placed in front of the MS inlet capillary acting as a gas-permeable imaging plate for fluorescence spectroscopy. Without use of the air amplifier, no detectable FT-ICR signal was observed, as well as no detectable fluorescence on the screen upon imaging using a fluorescence scanner. When the air amplifier was turned ON while electrospraying the fluorescent dye, FT-ICR mass spectra with high signal to noise ratio were obtained with an average ion injection time of 21 ms for an AGC target value of 5 x 10(5). Imaging of the screen using a fluorescence scanner produced a distinct spot of cross-sectional area approximately 33.5 mm(2) in front of the MS inlet capillary. These experimental results provide direct evidence of aerodynamic focusing of electrosprayed droplets/ions enabled by an air amplifier, resulting in improved electrospray droplet/ion capture efficiency and reduced ion injection time. A second set of experiments was carried out to explore whether the air amplifier assists in desolvation. By electrospraying a mix of quaternary amines, ratios of increasingly hydrophobic molecules were obtained. Observation of the solvophobic effect associated with electrospray ionization resulted in a higher abundance of the hydrophobic molecule. This bias was eliminated when the air amplifier was turned ON and a response indicative of the respective component concentrations of the molecules in the bulk solution was observed.
authors.affiliation: W. M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.
authors.forename: R Brent
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Muddiman
authors.forename: Adam M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hawkridge
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Fedorov
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D000669:Amplifiers, Electronic; D017357:Cyclotrons; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes