title: Quantitative analysis of mRNA in human temporal bones.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Well-preserved mRNA could be extracted from frozen human inner ears. Therefore, this study demonstrates that analysis of mRNA could be performed to study the molecular mechanisms of inner ear disorders using human specimens.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Analysis of RNA as well DNA is requisite to study the molecular mechanisms of inner ear disorders. Methods of isolating RNA from experimental animals have been established, while isolation of RNA from human inner ears is much more challenging. In the present study, we demonstrate a method by which messenger RNA (mRNA) was extracted from human inner ears and quantitatively analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  COCH mRNA as well as GAPDH mRNA was extracted from membranous labyrinths dissected from three formalin-fixed and three frozen human temporal bones, removed at autopsy. The length of COCH mRNA and quantity of GAPDH mRNA was compared between the two groups by quantitative RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  COCH mRNA could be amplified as much as 976 bp in all three frozen specimens. By contrast, it was amplified to 249 bp in two of the three formalin-fixed specimens, with no amplification observed in the remaining. The quantity of amplifiable GAPDH mRNA in the formalin specimens was only 1% of that of the frozen specimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Yurika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Sachiho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koda
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Motoji
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sawabe
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitamura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002102:Cadaver; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007759:Labyrinth Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C110668:COCH protein, human; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases