title: Protective buffering and emotional desynchrony among spousal caregivers of cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine protective buffering and emotional desynchrony among spousal caregivers of cancer survivors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeated measures; 42 caregivers engaged in 2 videotaped, oral emotional expression exercises: 1 in the presence of their patient and 1 in the absence of their patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  Felt emotion (self-report) and expressed emotion (lexical expression or words uttered and coder-derived facial expression). Other measures assessed mental and physical health, dyadic satisfaction, and dispositional emotional inhibition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Protective buffering differed by communicative channel (lexical vs. facial). Caregivers' facial expressions were more positive when the patient was present versus absent. In contrast, the valence of caregivers' words did not differ per patient presence. Facial protective buffering was unrelated to health and dyadic outcomes. Lexical protective buffering was inversely related to both caregiver and patient marital satisfaction. Dispositional emotional inhibition was inversely related to caregiver mental health and marital satisfaction. Desynchrony occurred when the patient was present but was counter to prediction; felt emotion was more positive than expressed emotion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results provide behavioral evidence of facial protective buffering. To the extent that lexical buffering occurs, it poses a dyadic risk, and chronic inhibition poses both psychological and dyadic risks. Future research is needed to refine the operational definition of desynchrony and to examine the biopsychosocial sequelae of buffering.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, University of Washington, WA 98105, USA. shelby11@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Shelby L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rudd
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Syrjala
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D019260:Expressed Emotion; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms; D012650:Self Disclosure; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D014743:Videotape Recording