title: Assessment of population exposure to particulate matter pollution in Chongqing, China.
abstract: To determine the population exposure to PM(10) in Chongqing, China, we developed an indirect model by combining information on the time activity patterns of various demographic subgroups with estimates of the PM(10) concentrations in different microenvironments (MEs). The spatial and temporal variations of the exposure to PM(10) were illustrated in a geographical information system (GIS). The population weighted exposure (PWE) for the entire population was 229, 155 and 211 microg/m(3), respectively, in winter, summer and as the annual average. Indoor PM(10) level at home was the largest contributor to the PWE, especially for the rural areas where high pollution levels were found due to solid fuels burning. Elder people had higher PM(10) exposure than adults and youth, due to more time spent in indoor MEs. The highest health risk due to particulate was found in the city zone and northeast regions, suggesting that pollution abatement should be prioritized in these areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. shxwang@tsinghua.edu.cn
authors.forename: Shuxiao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Gangcai
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aunan
authors.forename: Jiming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D044382:Population Groups; D012424:Rural Population; D012621:Seasons; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter