title: Idraparinux versus standard therapy for venous thromboembolic disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Venous thromboembolism is treated with unfractionated heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin, followed by a vitamin K antagonist. We investigated the potential use of idraparinux, a long-acting inhibitor of activated factor X, as a substitute for standard therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted two randomized, open-label noninferiority trials involving 2904 patients with deep-vein thrombosis and 2215 patients with pulmonary embolism to compare the efficacy and safety of idraparinux versus standard therapy. Patients received either subcutaneous idraparinux (2.5 mg once weekly) or a heparin followed by an adjusted-dose vitamin K antagonist for either 3 or 6 months. The primary efficacy outcome was the 3-month incidence of symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism (nonfatal or fatal).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the study of patients with deep venous thrombosis, the incidence of recurrence at day 92 was 2.9% in the idraparinux group as compared with 3.0% in the standard-therapy group (odds ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63 to 1.50), a result that satisfied the prespecified noninferiority requirement. At 6 months, the hazard ratio for idraparinux was 1.01. The rates of clinically relevant bleeding at day 92 were 4.5% in the idraparinux group and 7.0% in the standard-therapy group (P=0.004). At 6 months, bleeding rates were similar. In the study of patients with pulmonary embolism, the incidence of recurrence at day 92 was 3.4% in the idraparinux group and 1.6% in the standard-therapy group (odds ratio, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.21 to 3.78), a finding that did not meet the noninferiority requirement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with deep venous thrombosis, once-weekly subcutaneous idraparinux for 3 or 6 months had an efficacy similar to that of heparin plus a vitamin K antagonist. However, in patients with pulmonary embolism, idraparinux was less efficacious than standard therapy. (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00067093 [ClinicalTrials.gov] and NCT00062803 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
authors.affiliation: Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, F4-211, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. h.r.buller@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Harry R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Buller
authors.forename: Ander T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Decousus
authors.forename: Alex S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gallus
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gent
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pillion
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Piovella
authors.forename: Martin H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Prins
authors.forename: Gary E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Raskob
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D014812:Vitamin K; C479958:idraparinux; D006493:Heparin