title: Identification of vip3A-type genes from Bacillus thuringiensis strains and characterization of a novel vip3A-type gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To search for novel Vip3A proteins for controlling insect pests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A pair of universal primers was designed based on the conserved regions of five vip3A genes. Amplified products were digested with the HindIII and EcoR enzymes so as to confirm different restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns used to identify vip3A-type genes. The vip3A gene types of 606 Bacillus thuringiensis strains were screened and three patterns of RFLP were successfully identified. Two novel vip3A genes were found and one of these, vip3Aa19, was further characterized and its product was confirmed toxic to Spodoptera exigua, Helicoverpa armigera and Plutella xylostella larvae. Partial sequences of another novel vip3A-type gene were obtained that shared 83% homology with that of the vip3Af1 gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-RFLP system we developed could be used for identifying novel vip3A-genes from B. thuringiensis strains. A novel Vip3A protein was found to have a broader insecticidal spectrum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reported method is a powerful tool to find novel Vip3A proteins from large-scale B. thuringiensis strains. The novel Vip3A protein may be used to control insect pests or resistant insect pests by constructing genetically engineered strains or transgenic plants.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, P.R. China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D007313:Insecta; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; C447139:Vip3A protein, Bacillus thuringiensis