title: Chitosan microparticles as oral delivery system for tetanus toxoid.
abstract: Systemic and local immune response against Chitosan encapsulated tetanus toxoid (CS-TT) microparticles is studied, prepared by ionic cross-linking using Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP). Final formulation was evaluated in terms of release of TT in 0.1 N HCl and PBS (pH 7.4), sedimentation profile and stability. CS-TT microparticles, TT in PBS and plain CS microparticles were orally administered to mice and TT (adsorbed) was administered through intramuscular route. Sera were analyzed for anti-TT IgG and intestinal lavage, faeces, intestinal washings for anti-TT IgA levels using an ELISA. Entrapment efficiency of about 100% was obtained. A dose dependent immune response was observed in mice vaccinated with Chitosan-TT microparticles. A strong enhancement of the systemic and local immune response against TT were found when compared with oral feeding of TT in PBS. The study shows the efficacy of chitosan microparticle suspension system, containing a high molecular protein (TT), in inducing the IgA in intestine and IgG in systemic circulation. This demonstrates that chitosan microparticles can prove to be a promising oral vaccine delivery system for mucosal and systemic immunity.
authors.affiliation: Center of Relevance and Excellence in New Drug Delivery Systems (TIFAC-CORE in NDDS), Department of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India. vijayjahire@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Vijay J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Ahire
authors.forename: Krutika K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Sawant
authors.forename: Jignesh B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Doshi
authors.forename: Satish D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ravetkar
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D048271:Chitosan / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008863:Microspheres; D010316:Particle Size; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D048271:Chitosan