title: Comparison of efficacy of regional and extensive clinical target volumes in postoperative radiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare and analyze the effect of different clinical target volumes (CTVs) on survival rate after postoperative radiotherapy (RT) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 102 patients who underwent postoperative RT after radical resection for esophageal SCC (T3/4 or N1). The radiation dose was > or =50 Gy. In the extensive portal group (E group, 43 patients), the CTV encompassed the bilateral supraclavicular region, all mediastinal lymph nodes, the anastomosis site, and the left gastric and pericardial lymphatic. In the regional portal group (R group, 59 patients), the CTV was confined to tumor bed and the lymph nodes in the immediate region of the primary lesion. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were compared between the groups, and multivariate/univariate analysis for factors predicting survival was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the entire group, the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 76.3%, 50.5%, and 42.9%, respectively (median survival, 30 months). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 76.5%, 52.1%, and 41.3%, respectively, in the E group and 76.2%, 49.2%, and 44.6%, respectively, in the R group (not significant). According to the multivariate analysis, N stage, number of lymph nodes with metastatic disease, and tumor length were the independent prognostic factors for survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using a regional portal in postoperative RT for esophageal SCC is not associated with compromised survival compared with extensive portal RT and therefore should be considered. N stage, number of affected lymph nodes, and tumor length predict poor survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xue-Ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhi-Guo
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xian-Shu
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Joe Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D047368:Tumor Burden