title: Octreotide in the management of chemoradiotherapy-induced diarrhea refractory to loperamide in patients with rectal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of octreotide in the treatment of chemoradiotherapy (CRT)-induced diarrhea (CRTID) refractory to conventional loperamide treatment in this pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two rectal carcinoma (T(3-4)N(0-2)M(0)) patients with grade 2 or 3 diarrhea refractory to loperamide were enrolled to receive octreotide. Eligible patients were treated with pelvic radiotherapy combined with bolus 5- fluorouracil CRT. Octreotide was administered subcutaneously, 150 microg three times daily, for 5 consecutive days. Only complete resolution of diarrhea was considered as therapeutic success.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diarrhea mainly occurred in the first 4 weeks of CRT (83.3%) and completely resolved in 34 patients (80.9%) following octreotide administration. Mean time to response was 2.7 days: 27 patients (64%) responded during the first 3 days, and the remaining 7 (17%) on days 4 and 5. No significant side effect was reported. Eight patients (19.1%) with refractory diarrhea were hospitalized for additional treatment. No treatment delay was reported in complete responders, whereas an average 7.7-day delay was observed in refractory patients. Antidiarrheal treatment was administered on an outpatient basis in the response group, whereas refractory patients were hospitalized for an average of 8.8 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily subcutaneous octreotide administration (150 microg t.i.d.) for 5 days is apparently an effective, tolerable treatment modality for concurrent CRTID refractory to loperamide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Inonu University Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey. drerkantopkan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Topkan
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karaoglu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008139:Loperamide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015282:Octreotide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000009:adverse effects; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008139:Loperamide; D015282:Octreotide; D005472:Fluorouracil