title: Rapid method for detection of influenza a and B virus antigens by use of a two-photon excitation assay technique and dry-chemistry reagents.
abstract: New separation-free assay methods for the rapid detection of influenza A and B virus antigens are presented. The methods employ dry-chemistry reagents and the recently developed two-photon excitation (TPX) fluorescence detection technology. According to the assay scheme, virus antigens are sandwiched by capture antibody onto polymer microspheres and fluorescently labeled antibody conjugate. Consequently, fluorescent immunocomplexes are formed on the surface of microspheres in proportion to the concentration of the analyte in the sample. The fluorescence signal from individual microspheres is measured, separation free, by means of two-photon excited fluorescence detection. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the new assay technique for virus antigen detection, methods for influenza A and B viruses were constructed. The assay method for influenza A virus applied a molecular fluorescent label, whereas the method for influenza B virus required a nanoparticle fluorescent reporter to reach sufficient clinical sensitivity. The new methods utilize a dry-chemistry approach, where all assay-specific reagents are dispensed into assay wells already in the manufacturing process of the test kits. The performance of the assay methods was tested with nasopharyngeal specimens using a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay as a reference method. The results suggest that the new technique enables the rapid detection of influenza virus antigens with sensitivity and specificity comparable to that of the reference method. The dose-response curves showed linear responses with slopes equal to unity and dynamic assay ranges of 3 orders of magnitude. Applicability of the novel TPX technique for rapid multianalyte testing of respiratory infections is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Turku University of Applied Sciences, Life Sciences, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Janne O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Koskinen
authors.forename: Raija
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vainionpää
authors.forename: Niko J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Meltola
authors.forename: Jori
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soukka
authors.forename: Pekka E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Hänninen
authors.forename: Aleksi E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Soini
mesh_terms: D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D005470:Fluorometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000276:immunology*; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000821:virology; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D007202:Indicators and Reagents