title: Videoanoscopy: useful technique in the evaluation of hemorrhoids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rigid proctoscopy, the gold standard for detecting hemorrhoids, has become a neglected procedure in the era of flexible endoscopy. Evaluation of hemorrhoids is often done with the retroflexed fiberoptic colonoscope. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technique of videoanoscopy in comparison with retroflexion of colonoscope in the rectum to detect hemorrhoids and to correlate objective findings of hemorrhoids and their relation to bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 544 patients were screened and 358 patients were evaluated by the technique of videoanoscopy and retroflexion of colonoscope in the rectum. The video images of both the procedures were independently analyzed by two observers for the presence or absence of hemorrhoids. The videoanoscopy images were also analyzed for number of columns of hemorrhoids, size and presence of red-color sign.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Videoanoscopy detected hemorrhoids in a significantly higher number of subjects when compared with retroflexion of colonoscope in the rectum by both observers (P < 0.05). The average kappa value was 0.637 and 0.779 for retroflexed colonoscopy and videoanoscopy, respectively. Red-color sign was present in 80.5% of patients with bleeding compared with only 30.3% in the non-bleeding group. The majority (71%) of patients in the bleeding group had larger hemorrhoids. Red-color sign and size of hemorrhoidal columns correlated with bleeding (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Videoanoscopy is a simple technique with increased sensitivity to detect hemorrhoids compared with intrarectal retroflexion of colonoscope and yields valuable objective information about the presence and condition of hemorrhoids. It should be performed as an extension of standard colonoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Calicut Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India. dr_harishk@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Kareem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harish
authors.forename: Rajeshekaran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harikumar
authors.forename: Kondiyil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sunilkumar
authors.forename: Varghese
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003113:Colonoscopy; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006484:Hemorrhoids / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011351:Proctoscopy; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D014741:Video Recording