title: Splenic injury: rare complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy: report of two cases with review of literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Splenic injury is an uncommon complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).
  
  
  METHODS
  We report herewith two cases of splenic injury that occurred during puncture of the 10th intercostal-space for PCNL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One of these patients presented with hypotension on day 5 after discharge from the hospital. Both patients needed emergency laparotomy, and one of them required splenectomy for management of the injury. We reviewed the literature to determine the risk factors and management of splenic injury during PCNL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, R.G. Stone Urological Research Institute, Mumbai, India. drhemendrashah@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Hemendra Navinchandra
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Sunil S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hegde
authors.forename: Amol P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.forename: Hiren
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sodha
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bansal
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D012307:Risk Factors; D013154:Spleen / Q000293:injuries*; D013156:Splenectomy