title: Does serotonin augmentation have any effect on cognition and activities of daily living in Alzheimer's dementia? A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies suggest that cholinergic dysfunction does not provide a complete account of age-related cognitive deficits, and other neuronal systems like monoaminergic hypofunction are involved. In several studies, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors demonstrated promotion in neurogenesis in the hippocampus and enhanced memory and cognition. The aim of this study is to survey the effect of serotonin augmentation on cognition and activities of daily living in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The trial was designed as a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. One hundred twenty-two patients aged 55 to 85 years with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's dementia were randomly allocated in 1 of the 3 treatment groups: fluoxetine plus rivastigmine, rivastigmine alone, or placebo group. Efficacy measures comprised assessments of cognition, activities of daily living, and global functioning. Hamilton Depression Scale also was used to assess changes in mood throughout the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fluoxetine plus rivastigmine and rivastigmine groups demonstrated improvement on measures of cognitive and memory without any significant difference; however, the former group did better in their activities of daily living and global functioning. Patients taking placebo had significant deterioration in all the efficacy measures. Patients taking rivastigmine or rivastigmine plus fluoxetine had improvements in Hamilton Depression Scale without significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concomitant use of selective serotonin-enhancing agents and acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors can provide greater benefit in activities of daily living and global functioning in patients with cognitive impairment. Because our study is preliminary, larger double-blind studies are needed to confirm the results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. mowlaar@sums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mowla
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mosavinasab
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haghshenas
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borhani Haghighi
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D048448:Phenylcarbamates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D000068836:Rivastigmine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D005473:Fluoxetine; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D000068836:Rivastigmine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors