title: Afterdischarges during cortical stimulation at different frequencies and intensities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The occurrence of unwanted afterdischarges (ADs) impedes cortical stimulation for mapping purposes. We investigated the safety of several stimulation paradigms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the incidence of ADs and behavioral responses of two stimulation frequencies (50 and 100 Hz), at two intensities (1 and 0.2 ms pulse widths).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stimulation with 100 Hz was more likely to cause ADs than 50 Hz, and stimulation using 1 ms pulse width was more likely to cause ADs than 0.2 ms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stimulation using 50 Hz frequency with a pulse width of 0.2 ms might be safer during cortical mapping.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, PHC 7, Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservior Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA. Motamedi@georgetown.edu
authors.forename: Gholam K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Motamedi
authors.forename: Oladotun
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Okunola
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Kalhorn
authors.forename: Navid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mostofi
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizuno-Matsumoto
authors.forename: Yong-Won
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Kimford J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Meador
mesh_terms: D001519:Behavior; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged