title: Neuroprotection and free radical scavenging effects of Osmanthus fragrans.
abstract: The ethanol extract of dried flowers Osmanthus fragrans (OFE) was assessed for free radical scavenging effects measured by the bleaching of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, scavenging of the hydroxyl anion, investigation of the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and lipid-peroxidation inhibition in rat tissues. OFE contained a high amount of total flavonoid and polyphenol. OFE presented the effects in the metal reducing power, FRAP assay with IC(50) values of 0.23 microg/ml, and 7.74 microg/ml, respectively. OFE presented similar activities toward the DPPH and hydroxyl anion scavenging ability with IC(50) values of 10 microg/ml. OFE with IC(50 )values between 46 and 97 microg/ml inhibited lipid peroxidation initiated by ferrous chloride in rat brain, liver, heart and kidney mitochodrias. Moreover, the neuroprotective activity of OFE was investigated under different insults (glutamate, arachidonic acid, and 6-hydroxydopamine) in Wistar rat primary cortical neurons. OFE with EC(50 )values between 66 and 165 microg/ml attenuated the neurotoxicity on MTT and LDH assays. In addition, the AKT protein expression of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress was displayed by western blotting analysis. OFE could up-regulate the glutamate and 6-OHDA decreased AKT expression. This is the first demonstration of the neuroprotective, free radical scavenging and anti-oxidative effects of O. fragrans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Hsueh
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chi-Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ling-Ling
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029592:Oleaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000633:toxicity; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D016627:Oxidopamine; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C029451:ferrous chloride