Cross-cultural development of a child health care questionnaire on satisfaction, utilization, and needs.
OBJECTIVE
The instrument Child Health Care-Satisfaction, Utilization and Needs (CHC-SUN) has been developed cross-culturally to evaluate pediatric health care services for children with special health care needs (CSHCN) from the proxy perspective of parents.


METHODS
The children of the participating parents received treatment in pediatric specialty clinics in 7 European countries for asthma, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, rheumatoid arthritis, and atopic dermatitis. The instrument was developed through a process including literature review, expert consensus, and item generation through focus groups. The pilot instrument was extensively tested to assess psychometric properties, support item reduction, and evaluate clinical validity. The final field version was tested in a new sample of 795 parents in 7 countries.


RESULTS
Pilot testing and item reduction resulted in a practical 40-item instrument with 14 single items related to provision of services (module 1), and 26 items related to 6 scales on satisfaction with care (module 2), and 1 item on general satisfaction with care. Satisfaction with care scales showed very good psychometric properties, both initially and in the field version, with Cronbach's alpha ranging between .80 and .95 in the revised scales. Both modules discriminated well between functional status and diagnosis across countries.


CONCLUSIONS
A new instrument is available to measure provision of services and satisfaction with care for children with chronic conditions from the perspective of parents. Cross-cultural analysis reveals that the measure is useful in multinational studies evaluating health services against the background of different health systems.
Schmidt
Silke
S
Department of Medical Psychology, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital of Hamburg, Germany. sischmid@uke.uni-hamburg.de
Thyen
Ute
U
Chaplin
John
J
Mueller-Godeffroy
Esther
E
D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D020380:Needs Assessment; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires