title: Modafinil and nicotine interactions in abstinent smokers.
abstract: In this study, we examined the effects of a wakefulness-promoting medication, modafinil, alone and with the nicotine lozenge, on subjective, physiological and cognitive measures as well as on nicotine withdrawal in overnight abstinent cigarette smokers. Nineteen smokers, 13 male and 6 female, participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. In each of three experimental sessions, subjects were treated orally with a single 200 mg or 400 mg dose of modafinil or placebo. Two hours and 10 min following the medication treatment, subjects received a single 2 mg nicotine lozenge. Both doses of modafinil alone increased the rating of elated-depressed on the Profile of Mood States (POMS) subscale in the direction of depressed and increased ratings of negative affect on the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). In contrast, the 200 mg modafinil dose combined with a 2 mg nicotine lozenge, increased the rating of energetic-tired in the direction of energetic on the POMS subscale. Modafinil attenuated self-reported rating of 'drug strength' in response to the nicotine lozenge. Modafinil, alone or in combination with the nicotine lozenge, did not affect tobacco withdrawal symptoms. There was an increase in baseline heart rate and systolic blood pressure under modafinil treatment. In addition, modafinil speeded reaction times on a modified Stroop task. The clinical utility of modafinil for smoking cessation needs to be determined in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, School of Medicine, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA. mehmet.sofuoglu@yale.edu
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sofuoglu
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mooney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000077408:Modafinil; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009538:Nicotine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine; D000077408:Modafinil