title: Reading development subtypes and their early characteristics.
abstract: The present findings are drawn from the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Dyslexia (JLD), in which approximately 100 children with familial risk of dyslexia and 100 control children have been followed from birth. In this paper we report data on the reading development of the JLD children and their classmates, a total of 1,750 children from four measurement points during the first two school years. In the total sample, we examined whether heterogeneous developmental paths can be identified based on profiles of word recognition and reading comprehension. Secondly, we studied what kind of early language and literacy skill profiles and reading experiences characterize the children with differing reading development in the follow-up sample. The mixture modeling procedure resulted in five subtypes: (1) poor readers, (2) slow decoders, (3) poor comprehenders, (4) average readers, and (5) good readers. The children with familial risk for dyslexia performed on average at a lower level in all reading tasks than both their classmates and the controls, and they were overrepresented in slow decoders subtype. Differences between the subtypes were found in the early language and literacy skill development, as well as in the reading experiences of the reading subtypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland. Minna.Torppa@psyka.jyu.fi
authors.forename: Minna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torppa
authors.forename: Asko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tolvanen
authors.forename: Anna-Maija
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Poikkeus
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eklund
authors.forename: Marja-Kristiina
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lerkkanen
authors.forename: Esko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leskinen
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lyytinen
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D015331:Cohort Studies; D032882:Comprehension; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D007807:Language Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011932:Reading; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D012307:Risk Factors