title: Cyclopentenone prostaglandin, 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-PGJ2, is metabolized by HepG2 cells via conjugation with glutathione.
abstract: 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15-d-PGJ2) is a dehydration product of PGD2. This compound possesses a highly reactive polyunsaturated carbonyl moiety that is a substrate for Michael addition with thiol-containing biomolecules such as glutathione and cysteine residues on proteins. By reacting with glutathione and proteins, 15-d-PGJ2 is believed to exert potent biological activity. Despite the large number of publications that have ascribed bioactivity to this molecule, it is not known to what extent 15-d-PGJ2 is formed in vivo. Levels of free 15-d-PGJ2 measured in human biological fluids such as urine are low, and the biological importance of this compound has thus been questioned. Because of its reactivity, we hypothesized that 15-d-PGJ2 is present in vivo primarily as a Michael conjugate. Therefore, we undertook a detailed study of the metabolism of this compound in HepG2 cells that are known to metabolize other cyclopentenone eicosanoids. We report that HepG2 cells primarily convert 15-d-PGJ2 to a glutathione conjugate in which the carbonyl at C-11 is reduced to a hydroxyl. Subsequently, the glutathione portion of the molecule is hydrolyzed with loss of glutamic acid and glycine resulting in a cysteine conjugate. These findings confirm a general route for the metabolism of cyclopentenone eicosanoids in HepG2 cells and may pave the way for new insights regarding the formation of 15-d-PGJ2 in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Enrico M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Brunoldi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zanoni
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vidari
authors.forename: Soumya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasi
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Ginger L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Milne
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Morrow
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D050217:Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: C097240:15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2; D005978:Glutathione; D015230:Prostaglandin D2