title: Male partner pregnancy-promoting behaviors and adolescent partner violence: findings from a qualitative study with adolescent females.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the context of pregnancy and sexual health among adolescent females with a history of intimate partner violence (IPV). This paper reports on a subset of females who described abusive male partners' explicit pregnancy-promoting behaviors (ie, messages and behaviors that led females to believe their partner was actively trying to impregnate them).
  
  
  METHODS
  Semistructured interviews were conducted with 53 sexually active adolescent females, with known history of IPV, about violence, sexual experiences, and related behaviors. Interviews were analyzed using a content analysis approach; 14 interviews in which females reported that partners were actively trying to impregnate them were further analyzed for pregnancy and contraceptive use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants (N = 53) were aged 15 to 20 years, with notable minority representation, 21% African American (n = 11) and 38% Latina (n = 20). Over half (n = 31, 58%) had experienced pregnancy. A key finding was that approximately one quarter of participants (26%, n = 14) reported that their abusive male partners were actively trying to get them pregnant. Females' stories revealed that abusive male partners desiring pregnancy manipulated condom use, sabotaged birth control use, and made explicit statements about wanting her to become pregnant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnancy-promoting behaviors of male abusive partners may be one potential mechanism underlying associations between adolescent IPV and pregnancy. These findings suggest that exploring pregnancy intentions and behaviors of partners of sexually active adolescents may help to identify youth experiencing IPV. The frequency of birth control sabotage and explicit attempts to cause pregnancy in adolescent IPV needs to be examined at the population level.
authors.affiliation: Center for Reducing Health Disparities, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. elizabeth.miller@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Michele R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.forename: Jeanne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hathaway
authors.forename: Jay G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003268:Contraception Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011275:Pregnancy, Unwanted / Q000523:psychology; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000523:psychology*