title: Timing of removal of pacing wires following paediatric cardiac surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Temporary percutaneous epicardial pacing wires are routinely placed in children following cardiac surgery. There is uncertainty in clinical practice about the optimum timing for their removal, and practice varies widely both within and between different institutions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to describe the use of temporary pacing in children undergoing cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective audit of 140 children following cardiac surgery in two institutions. Information on diagnosis, surgical procedure, occurrence of arrhythmias, use of pacing wires, timing of removal of the wire, and complications related to removal was recorded on a daily basis from clinical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 140 patients undergoing a total of 141 operations. Of these, 39 (28%) required pacing postoperatively. In 38, pacing was required within the first 24 hours. One patient, who was in nodal rhythm for the first 24 hours, required pacing on the second postoperative day, while 29 patients required pacing beyond the first 24 hours. No patient in sinus rhythm on the first postoperative day required new pacing after this time. The median time to removal of the pacing wires was 4.5 days, with an inter-quartile range from 2 to 9 days. Complications included malfunction of atrial wires in 2 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that no patient who was in sinus rhythm for the first 24 hours post-operatively required pacing before their discharge from hospital. This suggests that, in those patients in a stable state of sinus rhythm, and who have not required pacing within the first 24 hours, it may be safe to remove pacing wires after 24 hours. This could be timed to coincide with the removal of chest drains, thus avoiding the need for multiple distressing procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom. jowetv@gosh.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jowett
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Shankar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sridharan
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.forename: Duncan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Macrae
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D020878:Device Removal / Q000009:adverse effects; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors