title: [Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with advanced penile cancer].
abstract: With an incidence of 0.1-0.9/100,000 men per year penile cancer is a rare cancer of the urogenital tract in Western Europe. At the time of initial diagnosis up to 45% of the patients already demonstrate metastatic disease and need some type of systemic treatment. It is the aim of this paper to review the current concepts of adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced penile cancer. A curative effect of combined surgical and cytotoxic management can only be achieved in patients with locoregional spread to the lymph nodes, but not with systemic spread. Although there are prospective randomized trials available indicating the optimal cytotoxic regime, cisplatin-based protocols or combination therapies with bleomycin, vincristine, and methotrexate appear to be the most effective options. Finally, there are no data available with regard to the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on progression-free survival. In patients with locoregional bulky disease or with fixed inguinal lymph nodes, neoadjuvant chemotherapy will result in a partial response in 20-60% of patients and enables complete resection of the mass. For the future, the use of taxane-based chemotherapy as described for squamous cell cancer of other origin might improve outcome.
authors.affiliation: Bereich Urologische Onkologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinik, 50937 Köln. axel.heidenreich@uk-koeln.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heidenreich
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jakse
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010413:Penis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015996:Survival Rate; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D043823:Taxoids; D001761:Bleomycin; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D007069:Ifosfamide; D008727:Methotrexate