title: Efficacy of interferon alpha-2b induction therapy before retreatment for chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) patients who have failed previous treatment have low sustained viral response (SVR) rates with repeat treatment. We evaluated whether interferon (IFN) induction during retreatment improves response rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two randomized, controlled trials were conducted in chronic HCV patients who failed IFN. In Study 1, patients received IFN 3 MU daily plus ribavirin (RBV) 1000 mg/day for 4 weeks, followed by IFN 3 MU TIW plus RBV 1000 mg/day for 44 weeks (induction; n=232), or IFN 3 MU TIW plus RBV 1000 mg/day for 48 weeks (non-induction; n=237). In Study 2, patients received IFN 5 MU B.I.D. plus RBV 1000-1200 mg/day for 2 weeks, followed by pegylated IFN (PEG-IFN) 75-150 mug weekly plus RBV 1000-1200 mg/day for 46 weeks (induction; n=201), or PEG-IFN 75-150 mug weekly plus RBV 1000-1200 mg/day for 48 weeks (non-induction; n=206). The primary end point for both trials was SVR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Induction did not increase SVR compared with non-induction, but did increase the on-treatment response among genotype non-1 patients in Study 2. By intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, SVR in Study 1 was 13% for induction vs. 9% for non-induction (P=NS). In Study 2 (ITT), SVR was 20% for induction vs. 24% for non-induction (P=NS). However, by non-ITT analysis of Study 2, genotype non-1-previous non-responders showed significantly higher response rates with induction than non-induction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For chronic HCV patients who have failed IFN, induction with retreatment does not improve SVR, but may be beneficial for patients with genotype non-1 HCV.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Transplantation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: F Blaine
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Hollinger
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yoffe
authors.forename: Adil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wakil
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bzowej
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mirro
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Poordad
authors.forename: Dan H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Gish
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007372:Interferons / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014481:United States; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012254:Ribavirin; D007372:Interferons; C417083:peginterferon alfa-2b