Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis as an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a complication of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) observed mainly in Sudan and India where it follows treated VL in 50% and 10% of cases, respectively. We report a 46-year-old patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome who, 7 months after diagnosis of VL, developed PKDL and uveal leishmaniasis following HAART-induced immune recovery. In southern Europe PKDL seems to be an emerging clinical presentation among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients experiencing HAART-induced immune recovery after a previous diagnosis of VL. The best treatment among HIV-infected patients remains to be determined.
Antinori
S
S
Department of Clinical Sciences L Sacco, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Section, University of Milano, Via GB Grassi, 74, 20157 Milano, Italy. spinello.antinori@unimi.it
Longhi
E
E
Bestetti
G
G
Piolini
R
R
Acquaviva
V
V
Foschi
A
A
Trovati
S
S
Parravicini
C
C
Corbellino
M
M
Meroni
L
L
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy; D000569:Americas; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001208:Asia; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000208:ethnology; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010419:Pentamidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014195:Travel
D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; C039128:miltefosine; D010419:Pentamidine