title: Myocarditis associated with foot-and-mouth disease virus type O in lambs.
abstract: The present study describes the pathogenetic mechanisms of myocarditis in 9 lambs that died in a foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in Samsun, Turkey. In all the heart samples tested, ELISA and sequencing for phylogenetic analyses showed that the virus, namely O/TUR/Samsun/05, was associated with the PanAsia pandemic strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type O. The lambs had myocardial lesions but no typical vesicular lesions. In situ reverse transcription showed that many cardiomyocytes and some interstitial cells were positive for FMDV type O. Inflammatory infiltration, hyaline degeneration, and necrosis of sheets of myocytes were observed. The cellular infiltrates were mononuclear cells, including many lymphocytes, macrophages, a few plasma cells, and neutrophils. Major histocompatibility complex Class II+ dendritic and mononuclear cells, gammadelta T cells, CD172A+ and CD14+ macrophages and monocytes, and IgM+ B cells were detected mainly in the infected hearts. Inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) was seen mostly in areas of inflammation infiltrated by large numbers of cells. Of the 2 alpha-subunits of integrin known to be used as receptors by FMDV in epithelial tissues, CD49e (integrin alpha5) was detected in the membranes of cardiac myocytes with intercalated discs, but CD51 (integrin alphaV) was not detected in cardiac myocytes from infected or normal lambs. Interstitial and inflammatory cells were positive for both integrin subunits. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive signal was detected in the nuclei of both cardiac myocytes and interstitial cells from infected lambs. These findings suggest that the iNOS expressed by inflammatory cells in lesions may have a deleterious effect on cardiac myocytes in these lesions.
authors.affiliation: University of Ondokuz Mayis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kurupelit, 55139 Samsun, Turkey. mygulbahar@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Gulbahar
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guvenc
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yarim
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Parlak
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Kabak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology*; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000145:classification*; D015870:Gene Expression; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D039482:Integrin alpha5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D039564:Integrin alphaV / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D039482:Integrin alpha5; D039564:Integrin alphaV; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; C442501:VP1 protein, Foot-and-mouth disease virus; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II