title: Tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use in adolescents with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Substance abuse in adolescents with diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with the development of acute and chronic complications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug consumption in adolescents with DM and compare it with the prevalence in a large contemporary control (C) group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents with and without DM, who were attending 8th-12th grades, answered a structured written questionnaire, which evaluates the voluntary declaration of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug consumption. Subjects with DM were recruited from free diabetes camps or public hospitals (n = 193). The C group was obtained from a nationwide study of prevalence of substance abuse (n = 58,489). For illicit drugs (marijuana, cocaine, or cocaine sulfate), results are shown as life prevalence (ever used the substance). For alcohol and tobacco, results are shown as last month prevalence (the substance was used during the last month).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adolescents with DM showed a lower last month prevalence of tobacco and alcohol consumption than C (27.7 vs. 39.0%, p < 0.01 and 30.1 vs. 39.2%, p < 0.01, respectively). DM group had a lower life prevalence rate of illicit drugs than C group (9.6 vs. 22.2%, respectively; p < 0.01). A lower prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use in DM group compared with C group was observed in grades 8, 9, and 10. However, a similar frequency of consumption was observed in 11th and 12th grades.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with healthy youth, DM patients use less tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs during the first years of adolescence but not later.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Maternal and Child Research, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez-Aguayo
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Araneda
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gleisner
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Ethel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Codner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs