title: The effects of external ankle support on dynamic restraint characteristics of the ankle in volleyball players.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine any changes in electromechanical delay and reaction time as a result of the use of external ankle supports over an entire season (3-5 months) in college volleyball players.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2 x 3 pre-post factorial design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biomechanics laboratory, Human Performance Research Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty healthy, active male and female intercollegiate volleyball players were recruited for this study (age, 20.4 +/- 2.3 years; height, 183.1 +/- 8.6 cm; weight, 74.0 +/- 9.5 kg).
  
  
  METHODS
  External supports consisted of the subjects wearing either tape or braces for practices and games for the duration of the volleyball season. Subjects in the control group wore nothing on their ankles for practices and games for the duration of the volleyball season.
  
  
  METHODS
  The electromechanical delay (EMD) of the peroneus longus was determined by the onset of force contribution after artificial activation, as measured by electromyographic (EMG) and forceplate data. Reaction time was measured after an inversion perturbation during walking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant (F2,27 = 0.141, P = 0.869) interaction was observed for reaction time between the groups over time. No significant (F2,27 = 0.236, P = 0.791) interaction was observed for EMD between groups over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of an external ankle support over an entire season does not induce neuromuscular changes in the onset timing of the peroneus longus.
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Research Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Midgley
authors.forename: J Ty
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Brent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feland
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Gaye
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Merrill
authors.forename: Iain
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hunter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000842:Ankle; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000843:Ankle Joint; D001915:Braces; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011930:Reaction Time; D013997:Time Factors; D054798:Volleyball / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology*