Hypoxia-induced signaling in the cardiovascular system.
Low oxygen (O2) levels are a naturally occurring feature of embryonic development, adult physiology, and diseases such as those of the cardiovascular system. Although many responses to O2 deprivation are mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), researchers are finding a growing number of HIF-independent pathways that promote O2 conformance and hypoxia tolerance. Here, we describe HIF-independent responses and how they impact cardiovascular tissue homeostasis.
Simon
M Celeste
MC
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. celeste2@mail.med.upenn.edu
Liu
Liping
L
Barnhart
Bryan C
BC
Young
Regina M
RM
D000818:Animals; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
D010100:Oxygen