title: Inhibitory mechanisms of resveratrol in platelet activation: pivotal roles of p38 MAPK and NO/cyclic GMP.
abstract: Resveratrol has been reported to have antiplatelet activity; however, the detailed mechanisms have not yet been resolved. This study aimed to systematically examine the detailed mechanisms of resveratrol in the prevention of platelet activation in vitro and in vivo. Resveratrol (0.05-0.25 micromol/l) showed stronger inhibition of platelet aggregation stimulated by collagen (1 microg/ml) than other agonists. Resveratrol (0.15 and 0.25 micromol/l) inhibited collagen-induced platelet activation accompanied by [Ca(+2)]i mobilization, thromboxane A(2) (TxA(2)) formation, phosphoinositide breakdown, and protein kinase C (PKC) activation. Resveratrol markedly increased levels of NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP), and cyclic GMP-induced vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation. Resveratrol markedly inhibited p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) but not Jun N-terminal kinase or extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 phosphorylation in washed platelets. Resveratrol-reduced hydroxyl radical (OH(-)) formation in the electron spin resonance study. In an in vivo study, resveratrol (5 mg/kg) significantly prolonged platelet plug formation of mice. In conclusion, the main findings of this study suggest that the inhibitory effects of resveratrol possibly involve (i) inhibition of the p38 MAPK-cytosolic phospholipase A(2)-arachidonic acid-TxA(2)-[Ca(+2)]i cascade and (ii) activation of NO/cyclic GMP, resulting in inhibition of phospholipase C and/or PKC activation. Resveratrol is likely to exert significant protective effects in thromboembolic-related disorders by inhibiting platelet aggregation.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Topnotch Stroke Research Centre, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: Chang L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tsorng H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Kuang H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Duen S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Joen R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sheu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D003094:Collagen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000097:blood; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000097:blood; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000097:blood; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D013267:Stilbenes; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D003094:Collagen; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D000077185:Resveratrol; D002118:Calcium