title: Approach to patients with suspected hypersensitivity to local anesthetics.
abstract: Adverse reactions to local anesthetics are relatively common, but true IgE-mediated hypersensitivity is extremely rare. Fortunately, the vast majority of adverse reactions occur via nonimmunologic means, but considerable confusion still exists among providers. We conducted a review of the literature to determine if earlier estimates of IgE-mediated allergy are consistent with current reports and whether current management strategies are consistent with these findings. We identified several confounding variables involved in the evaluation, including the roles of preservatives/additives, epinephrine, latex, and inadequate testing procedures. These problems may cause significant diagnostic challenges for clinicians. It is in fact much more likely that there is an alternate diagnosis, and in many cases clinicians can begin the evaluation in the office. When local anesthetic allergy is still suspected, the patient should be referred to an allergist for testing to determine if the suspected culprit drug can be safely used, or, if necessary, identify a suitable alternative.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA. jfphillips@medicine.umsmed
authors.forename: Joshua F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Anne B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Deshazo
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D020315:Latex Hypersensitivity; D010226:Parabens / Q000009:adverse effects; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D013447:Sulfites / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D010226:Parabens; D013447:Sulfites; D004837:Epinephrine