title: The drug facts box: providing consumers with simple tabular data on drug benefit and harm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Direct-to-consumer drug ads have been criticized for providing inadequate and misleading information. Requiring ads to include a table with data on drug benefits and side effects (derived from clinical trials) could help, provided that consumers understand such tabular information.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if people could understand and use a 9-row x 2-column "study findings table'' presenting expected outcomes (both beneficial and harmful) with and without a drug.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 274 participants: 186 recruited from alumni of Dartmouth's "Community Medical School'' public lecture series and Dartmouth Hitchcock's Center for Shared Decision Making and 88 veterans and their families recruited from waiting rooms in the Veterans Affairs outpatient clinic, White River Junction, Vermont.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey. Participants were tested on their comprehension of the study findings table about the drug tamoxifen used for the primary prevention of breast cancer--with no instructions on how to use the table.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five comprehension questions testing how well participants could read and use the table with drug benefits and side effects data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, participants correctly answered 4 of the 5 table comprehension questions: 89% correctly used the table to determine the percentage of women given tamoxifen who got a blood clot in their legs or lungs, and 71% were able to use data in the table to calculate the absolute difference in the proportion of women who got breast cancer in the tamoxifen v. the placebo group. Most participants were also able to use the table to make comparisons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most participants--even those with lower formal educational attainment--were able to understand and use the tabular data.
authors.affiliation: VA Outcomes Group, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT 05009, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Woloshin
authors.forename: H Gilbert
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Welch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000329:Advertising / Q000379:methods*; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D030881:Disclosure; D004345:Drug Industry; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013690:Television; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D013629:Tamoxifen