title: Association of higher serum calcium levels with smaller infarct volumes in acute ischemic stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated serum calcium levels at admission in patients with stroke have been associated with less severe clinical deficits and with better outcomes; however, the relationship between serum calcium levels and volumetric measurement of cerebral infarct size on neuroimaging has not been studied, to our knowledge.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship between serum calcium levels at admission and initial diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) infarct volumes among patients with acute ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis of prospectively collected hospital quality improvement data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seventy-three consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke initially seen within 24 hours of the last known well time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total serum calcium levels were measured on admission and were collapsed into quartiles. The DWI lesions were outlined using a semiautomated threshold technique. The relationship between serum calcium level quartiles and DWI infarct volumes was examined using multivariate quartile regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred seventy-three patients (mean age, 70.3 years [age range, 24-100 years]; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 4 [range, 0-38]) met the study criteria. The median DWI infarct volumes for the serum calcium level quartiles (lowest to highest quartile) were 9.42, 2.11, 1.03, and 3.68 mL. The median DWI infarct volume in the lowest serum calcium level quartile was larger than that in the other 3 quartiles (P < .005). After multivariate analysis, the median adjusted DWI infarct volumes for the serum calcium level quartiles (lowest to highest) were 8.9, 5.8, 4.5, and 3.8 mL. The median adjusted DWI infarct volume in the lowest serum calcium level quartile was statistically significantly larger than that in the other 3 quartiles (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher serum calcium levels at admission are associated with smaller cerebral infarct volumes among patients with acute ischemic stroke. These results suggest that serum calcium level may serve as a clinical prognosticator following stroke and may be a potential therapeutic target for improving stroke outcome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Ave, Room A421, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada. brianhbuck@gmail.com
authors.forename: Brian H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Liebeskind
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Saver
authors.forename: Oh Young
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: Sidney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Starkman
authors.forename: Latisha K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Doojin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Villablanca
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salamon
authors.forename: Susan W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Tannaz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Razinia
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ovbiagele
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium