title: Periodontal conditions in Swiss army recruits: a comparative study between the years 1985, 1996 and 2006.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the periodontal conditions of Swiss Army recruits in 2006 with those of previous surveys in 1996 and 1985.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of six hundred and twenty-six Swiss Army recruits were examined for their periodontal conditions, caries prevalence, stomatological and functional aspects of the masticatory system and halitosis. In particular, this report deals with demographic data, the assessment of plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI) and pocket probing depth (PPD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two per cent of all teeth were missing, resulting in a mean of 27.44 teeth per subject, and 77% of the missing teeth were the result of pre-molar extractions due to orthodontic indications. The mean PlI and GI were 1.33 and 1.23, respectively. On average, 27% of the gingival units bled on probing. The mean PPD was 2.16 mm (SD 0.64). Only 3.8% of the recruits showed at least one site of PPD > or = 5 mm, and 1.4% yielded more than one site with PPD > or = 5 mm. In comparison with previous, this survey yielded lower bleeding on probing (BOP) percentages than in 1985, but slightly higher scores than in 1996. This may be attributed to increased PlI scores in 2006. However, PPD remained essentially unaltered from 1996 to 2006 after having improved significantly from 1985.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant improvement of the periodontal conditions of young Swiss males was demonstrated to have taken place between 1985 and 1996, but no further changes during the last decade were noticed.
authors.affiliation: Dental Services of the Swiss Army, Switzerland School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Beat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Röthlisberger
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuonen
authors.forename: Giovanni E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Salvi
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: Bjarni E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Pjetursson
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Attström
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joss
authors.forename: Niklaus P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D004522:Educational Status; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000453:epidemiology; D006209:Halitosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors