title: The orbitofrontal cortex, real-world decision making, and normal aging.
abstract: The present series of three studies aims at investigating the hypothesis that some seemingly normal older persons have deficits in reasoning and decision making due to dysfunction in a neural system which includes the ventromedial prefrontal cortices. This hypothesis is relevant to the comprehensive study of aging, and also addresses the question of why so many older adults fall prey to fraud. To our knowledge, this work represents the first of its kind to begin to identify, from an individual-differences perspective, the behavioral, psychophysiological, and consumer correlates of defective decision making among healthy older adults. Our findings, in a cross-sectional sample of community-dwelling participants, demonstrate that a sizeable subset of older adults (approximately 35-40%) perform disadvantageously on a laboratory measure of decision making that closely mimics everyday life, by the manner in which it factors in reward, punishment, risk, and ambiguity. These same poor decision makers display defective autonomic responses (or somatic markers), reminiscent of that previously established in patients with acquired prefrontal lesions. Finally, we present data demonstrating that poor decision makers are more likely to fall prey to deceptive advertising, suggesting compromise of real-world judgment and decision-making abilities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242-1053, USA. natalie-denburg@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Natalie L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Denburg
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Torricia H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tranel
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bechara
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Wallace
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001519:Behavior; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D003657:Decision Making; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans