title: Intact preference conditioning in acute intoxication despite deficient declarative knowledge and working memory.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The impact of alcohol on implicit, emotional learning is not well understood, partly because family history, drug use, and task demands influence these processes. The conditioned pattern preference (CPP) task provides a more ecologically valid means to investigate implicit cognition in the lab because it has low demand awareness and relies on learning to associate nonverbal cues with reward.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study examined the effects of acute alcohol intoxication on implicit learning using the CPP task in 83 intoxicated and 69 sober young adults. Information on individual drug use, family history, impulsivity, and alcohol expectancies was also collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alcohol intoxication affected explicit, but not implicit learning on the CPP task. In addition, participants who reported a positive family history of addiction (FH+) or individual recreational drug use did not exhibit a preference for cues previously paired with reward.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preference formation on the CPP task recruits motivational neurocircuitry, an effect that is unaltered by alcohol. Group differences in implicit emotional learning on this task may represent neurocognitive differences in individuals at risk for addiction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario.
authors.forename: Iris M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Balodis
authors.forename: Ingrid S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Johnsrude
authors.forename: Mary C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Olmstead
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000503:physiopathology; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012727:Sex Characteristics