title: Adherence to medication in bipolar disorder: a qualitative study exploring the role of patients' beliefs about the condition and its treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients' perceptions of illness and treatment have been found to predict adherence to medication in many chronic conditions. This has not yet been fully explored in bipolar disorder (BD). The aim was to use a qualitative methodology to explore in depth the beliefs about BD and its treatment that are associated with adherence to medication prescribed for BD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen adults prescribed prophylactic treatment for BD completed semi-structured interviews about their perceptions of BD and its treatment and their adherence to medication. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Two researchers identified perceptions associated with non-adherence in the transcripts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen participants (81%) reported some degree of intentional or unintentional medication non-adherence. Intentional non-adherence was associated with patients' concerns about the prescribed medication, arising from the experience of side effects, but also from beliefs that regular use could lead to adverse effects in the future. Intentional non-adherence was also associated with doubts about the personal need for medication, which were related to perceptions of BD (e.g., not accepting diagnosis, believing the condition is not controllable, believing it is not a chronic condition).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has identified some of the salient beliefs about BD and its treatment that should be elicited and addressed in interventions to facilitate adherence to medication. Further quantitative work is justified to explore the utility of this approach in the development of interventions.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Behavioural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clatworthy
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bowskill
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rank
authors.forename: Rhian
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parham
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Horne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016312:Treatment Refusal