title: Posterior lumbar interbody fusion versus posterolateral fusion in adult isthmic spondylolisthesis.
abstract: METHODS
  A prospective study with historical controls.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the outcome of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and posterolateral fusion (PLF) in adult isthmic spondylolisthesis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  On theoretical grounds, PLIF has been suggested to result in an improved outcome compared with PLF. Data to support this view, however, are lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 86 patients (age range, 18-55 years) with adult isthmic spondylolisthesis were operated on with PLIF. The comparison group consisted of 77 patients operated on with PLF with iliac bone autograft, 40 with and 37 without pedicle fixation. The 2 groups had similar socioeconomic, age and sex distribution, level of pain, and disability. Inclusion criteria and outcome measurements were identical in both groups. The PLIF group was operated on with autograft and carbon fiber ramps with pedicle fixation. Before surgery and at the 2-year follow-up, pain (VAS) and functional disability were quantified by the Disability Rating Index (DRI, 0-100) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The global outcome was assessed by the patient as much better, better, unchanged, or worse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The follow-up rate was 98% in the PLIF group and 97% in the PLF group. In PLIF patients, pain index improved from 66 to 35 (P < 0.0001) and the DRI from 47 to 30 (P < 0.01). The levels of pain and DRI were similar to that of the PLF group (pain 37, DRI 29, not significant), and the ODI was identical in both groups (25); 74% of the patients in both groups classified the results as much better or better.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type of fusion, PLIF or PLF, does not affect the 2-year outcome of surgical treatment of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis. Despite the theoretical advantages of PLIF, no improvement on patient outcome compared with posterolateral fusion could be demonstrated, questioning the need of anterior support in short lumbar fusions.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. per.ekman@sodersjukhuset.se
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ekman
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: Tycho
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tullberg
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: Rune
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hedlund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium / Q000637:transplantation; D016268:Internal Fixators; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome