title: Dental trauma: restorative procedures using composite resin and mouthguards for prevention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this article is to describe a step-by-step protocol for emergency care of a patient with a dentoalveolar injury in the anterior region of the mouth as well as the fabrication of a mouthguard to prevent future trauma.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Dental trauma is one of the most serious oral health problems in active children and adolescents. Care of traumatized patients requires immediate initial emergency treatment followed by integrated procedures to restore damaged oral structures along with a subsequent trauma prevention strategy. Dentoalveolar injuries in the anterior region of the mouth are often characterized by tooth avulsion and coronal fracture. They are managed using procedures such as dental splinting, endodontic therapy with its unique characteristics, and restorative techniques to re-establish function and esthetics as well as protective mouthguards.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 16-year-old male presented with avulsion of his maxillary central incisors as a result of a direct, unintentional impact with an opponent during a basketball game. The teeth had been stored in physiological serum immediately following the injury and the patient received immediate care. On clinical examination, the right central incisor was fractured at the incisal third of the crown but no bone fractures were found. The teeth were reimplanted and splinted. The fractured right central incisor was restored following endodontic treatment and a mouthguard was fabricated for the patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dentist must be knowledgeable about the most efficient and suitable treatment for each traumatic scenario in order to provide appropriate care for dental injuries. Coordinated multi-disciplinary action is fundamental in the successful treatment of these injuries. The dental mouthguard is an effective device for protecting the teeth and supportive structures during physical activities and must be part of the protective equipment used by athletes. It is the responsibility of the dental professional to make parents, trainers, and athletic associations aware of the risks associated with physical activities without orofacial protection; this should encourage the proper use of all protective devices to prevent dentoalveolar injuries that compromise oral functions, esthetics, and increase the cost of healthcare.
authors.affiliation: Oral Rehabilitation program, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. paulocesarfs@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Paulo César de Freitas
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Santos Filho
authors.forename: Paulo Sérgio
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Quagliatto
authors.forename: Paulo Cézar
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Simamoto
authors.forename: Carlos José
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D001490:Basketball / Q000293:injuries; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods*; D004638:Emergency Treatment; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000293:injuries*; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D009064:Mouth Protectors; D010516:Periodontal Splints; D012390:Root Canal Therapy; D019876:Sports Equipment; D014084:Tooth Avulsion / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery*; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D014090:Tooth Replantation
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; C444701:Filtek Z250