title: The effect of different protein hydrolysate/carbohydrate mixtures on postprandial glucagon and insulin responses in healthy subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of four protein hydrolysates from vegetable (pea, gluten, rice and soy) and two protein hydrolysates from animal origin (whey and egg) on glucagon and insulin responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight healthy normal-weight male subjects participated in this study. The study employed a repeated-measures design with Latin square randomization and single-blind trials. Protein hydrolysates used in this study (pea, rice, soy, gluten, whey and egg protein hydrolysate) consisted of 0.2 g hydrolysate per kg body weight (bw) and 0.2 g maltodextrin per kg bw and were compared to maltodextrin alone. Postprandial plasma glucose, glucagon, insulin and amino acids were determined over 2 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All protein hydrolysates induced an enhanced insulin secretion compared to maltodextrin alone and a correspondingly low plasma glucose response. A significant difference was observed in area under the curve (AUC) for plasma glucagon between protein hydrolysates and the maltodextrin control drink (P<0.05). Gluten protein hydrolysate induced the lowest glucagon response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High amino-acid-induced glucagon response does not necessarily go together with low insulin response. Protein hydrolysate source affects AUC for glucagon more profoundly than for insulin, although the protein load used in this study seemed to be at lower level for significant physiological effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. m.claessens@hb.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Claessens
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Calame
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Siemensma
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van Baak
authors.forename: W H M
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Saris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D014674:Plant Proteins, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000378:metabolism; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D014674:Plant Proteins, Dietary; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates; D005934:Glucagon