title: Mini-thoracotomy or thoracoscopic treatment for medially located thoracic herniated disc?
abstract: METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Comparison of the mini-thoracotomy (mini-TTA) and thoracoscopy for the treatment of calcified thoracic herniated disc.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Thoracoscopy has been popularized at the cost of the traditional thoracotomy for the treatment of calcified herniated discs. However, the learning curve is steep. Given the low incidence of herniated thoracic discs, it will be difficult for a group of spinal surgeons to gain experience. Newer, minimally invasive techniques with a nearly absent learning curve are evolving. One of these techniques is the mini-TTA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospectively, the charts of patients that underwent a mini-TTA or thoracoscopy were retrieved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients underwent a thoracoscopy, and 21 a mini-TTA. Although the groups are limited, a statistical significant difference in gender, age, duration of surgery, duration of the necessity of a chest drain, intraoperative blood loss, or duration of the postoperative stay on the intensive care unit was not reached. At the last follow-up in the thoracoscopic group, 2 patients had some neuropathic thoracic incisional pain. In all patients, a complete removal of the calcified disc was ascertained with a postoperative computed tomography scan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mini-TTA has some theoretical advantages over a thoracoscopy. It is also a minimally invasive approach. The thoracoscopy has a steep learning curve, whereas the mini-TTA is simple to apply. Classic microsurgical bimanual techniques can be used.
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. R.Bartels@nch.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Ronald H M A
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Bartels
authors.forename: Wilco C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Peul
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017586:Diskectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome