title: Effectiveness of a home exercise programme in low back pain: a randomized five-year follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Therapeutic exercise has been shown to be beneficial in decreasing pain and in increasing functioning in patients with chronic low back pain. However, longitudinal follow-up studies are small in number, and often limited in the numbers of subjects due to drop-outs. In addition there is a shortage of real control groups in most cases. The purpose of the present study was to describe long-term changes in intensity of low back pain and in functioning for two study groups five years after undertaking a home exercise programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized follow-up study over five years. Fifty-seven subjects were reassessed with questionnaires five years after their initial recruitment for an intervention study. A home exercise group (n = 29), with training once a day, and a control group (n = 28), without exercise, were included in the present study protocol. The primary outcome measurements included a questionnaire on the intensity of low back pain (Borg CR-10 scale) and on functioning (Oswestry Disability Index; ODI). The confounding physical activity was controlled with metabolic unit (MET) values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CR-10 and ODI scores decreased during the first three months in both study groups. During the follow-ups, the corresponding indicators of the home exercise group remained below baseline values. The CR-10 score was significantly lower in the home exercise group (p = 0.01) during the last five-year follow-up session compared with the control group. Overall physical activity decreased slightly during the five-year follow-up, but there were no differences between the two study groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present randomized study indicates that supervised, controlled home exercises lead to reduced low back pain, and that positive effects were preserved over five years.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Social Studies, Jyväskylä University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland. tiina.kuukkanen@jamk.fi
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuukkanen
authors.forename: Esko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mälkiä
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kautiainen
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pohjolainen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged