title: Effect of edema on postimplant dosimetry in prostate brachytherapy using CT/MRI fusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the time course of prostatic edema and the effect on the dose-volume histograms of the prostate for patients treated with brachytherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 74 patients with prostate cancer were enrolled in this prospective study. A transrectal ultrasound-based preplan was performed 4 weeks before implantation and computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging fusion-based postimplant dosimetry was performed on the day after implantation (Day 1) and 30 days after implantation (Day 30). The prostate volume, prostate volume covered by 100% of the prescription dose (V100), and dose covering 90% of the prostate (D90) were evaluated with prostatic edema over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prostatic edema was greatest on Day 1, with the mean prostate volume 36% greater than the preplan transrectal ultrasound-based volume; it thereafter decreased over time. It was 9% greater than preplan volume on Day 30. The V(100) increased 5.7% from Day 1 to Day 30, and the D90 increased 13.1% from Day 1 to Day 30. The edema ratio (postplan/preplan) on Day 1 of low-quality implants with a V(100) of <80% was significantly greater than that of intermediate- to high-quality implants (>80% V100; p = 0.0272). The lower V100 on Day 1 showed a greater increase from Day 1 to Day 30. A V100 on Day 1 of >92% is unlikely to increase >0% during the interval studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-quality implants on Day 1 were highly associated with edema; however, such a low-quality implant on Day 1, with significant edema, tended to improve by Day 30. If a high-quality implant (V100 >92%) can be obtained on Day 1, a re-examination is no longer necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan. osa-mu@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uno
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtakara
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deguchi
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoshi
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards; D004487:Edema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D011469:Prostatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D047368:Tumor Burden