title: NGAL is an early predictive biomarker of contrast-induced nephropathy in children.
abstract: We hypothesized that neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is an early predictive biomarker of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). We prospectively enrolled 91 children (age 0-18 years) with congenital heart disease undergoing elective cardiac catheterization and angiography with contrast administration (CC; Ioversol). Serial urine and plasma samples were analyzed in a double-blind fashion by NGAL enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CIN, defined as a 50% increase in serum creatinine from baseline, was found in 11 subjects (12%), but detection using increase in serum creatinine was only possible 6-24 h after CC. In contrast, significant elevation of NGAL concentrations in urine (135 +/- 32 vs. 11.6 +/- 2 ng/ml without CIN, p < 0.001) and plasma (151 +/- 34 vs. 36 +/- 4 without CIN, p < 0.001) were noted within 2 h after CC in those subjects. Using a cutoff value of 100 ng/ml, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for prediction of CIN were excellent for the 2-h urine NGAL (73%, 100%, and 0.92, respectively) and 2-h plasma NGAL (73%, 100%, and 0.91, respectively). By multivariate analysis, the 2-h NGAL concentrations in the urine (R (2) = 0.52, p < 0.0001) and plasma (R (2) = 0.72, p < 0.0001) were found to be powerful independent predictors of CIN. Patient demographics and contrast volume were not predictive of CIN.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Russel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dent
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pfriem
authors.forename: Janene
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Beekman
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Sudha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dastrala
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitsnefes
authors.forename: Prasad
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Devarajan
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000792:Angiography; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002648:Child; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012372:ROC Curve; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D003287:Contrast Media; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; D003404:Creatinine; C054871:ioversol