title: Prognostic factors in paediatric acute liver failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the aetiology, outcome and prognostic indicators in children with acute liver failure (ALF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review of 210 patients (107 males/103 females; median age: 5.33 years, range: 1-17.4). Patients were followed until discharge (group 1), death (group 2) or liver transplantation (LT; group 3). Data from group 1 were compared to data from the other two groups and King's College criteria were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Final diagnoses were: 128 (61%) hepatitis A, 68 (32%) indeterminate and 14 (7%) others. The characteristics of patients who survived (n = 59), died (n = 61) and underwent LT (n = 90) were analysed. In multivariate analysis, prothrombin time and encephalopathy III/IV were the most significant parameters suggesting a high likelihood of death. When King's College criteria were applied on admission in patients with and without transplantation, the positive predictive values were 96% and 95%, and the negative predictive values were 82% and 82%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatitis A is the main cause of ALF in children in Argentina. Advanced encephalopathy and prolonged prothrombin time were significantly associated with death or need for LT. King's College criteria for predicting the outcome of ALF are applicable in children, including those with ALF due to hepatitis A infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital Juan P Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881 (CP 1245), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. mciocca@intramed.net.ar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciocca
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramonet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cuarterolo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cernadas
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alvarez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000145:classification / Q000401:mortality; D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D001663:Bilirubin