title: [Three patients with indinavir-related urolithiasis].
abstract: Three HIV-seropositive patients were diagnosed with urolithiasis related to the use of indinavir. The first patient was a 45-year-old white male with severe haemophilia who presented with fever and flank pain referred to the glans penis. Ultrasound and intravenous pyelography (IVP) revealed a concrement in the left renal pelvis. Discontinuation of indinavir and acidification of the urine did not reduce the stone load. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy was then performed. The second patient, a 41-year-old white male, presented at the emergency ward with flank pain and fever. Ultrasound examination showed dilatation of the left kidney. A percutaneous nephrostomy catheter was inserted. Antegrade contrast imaging showed a concrement in the proximal ureter. The patient underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. A second antegrade image made a few days later showed no evidence of stone material. The third patient was a 56-year-old white male with a previous history of indinavir-associated urolithiasis. He presented at the emergency ward with flank pain and haematuria. A CT urography showed dilatation of the right kidney and distal portion of the right ureter with no evidence of concrement. The symptoms resolved after a percutaneous nephrostomy catheter was inserted and the antiviral medication was modified. The catheter was removed 2 weeks later. At last follow-up, none ofthe 3 patients had symptoms of urolithiasis. These cases illustrate that, although conservative therapy for indinavir-related urolithiasis can be sufficient, minimally invasive endourological surgery is sometimes necessary.
authors.affiliation: Centraal Militair Hospitaal, afd. Urologie, Utrecht.
authors.forename: J J I
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Brandenburg
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Hoepelman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stapper
authors.forename: M T W T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lock
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D019469:Indinavir / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000473:pathology; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D019469:Indinavir