title: The effect of 24h non-stop hydrogen peroxide concentration on bovine enamel and dentine mineral content and microhardness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tooth bleaching agents may adversely affect tooth structure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration on mineral loss and microhardness of bovine teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six freshly extracted intact bovine incisor teeth were stored in distilled water. Five teeth were sectioned and four samples (2 mm x 2 mm x 1.5 mm) each of enamel and dentine were obtained from each tooth. The samples of enamel and dentine were divided into four groups and immersed in either 0%, 3%, 10% or 30% (w/v) hydrogen peroxide solutions for 24h at 37 degrees C. Samples from the solutions were taken for ion release analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The remaining 21 teeth were mounted in epoxy resin and the upper surface of the specimens were ground and polished to expose the enamel and dentine for microhardness measurements. These specimens were randomly divided into three equal groups and Vickers microhardness values were recorded on the enamel and dentine surfaces of each group before and after bleaching.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The differences in ion release concentration after treatment with 0% (control) and each of 3%, 10% and 30% hydrogen peroxide (w/v) were statistically significant (p<0.025). The release of calcium and phosphorous ions increased with increasing hydrogen peroxide concentrations. A significant reduction (p<0.05) in Vickers microhardness values for enamel was recorded after bleaching.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ion release from both enamel and dentine increased with increasing hydrogen peroxide concentration. Microhardness of enamel decreased significantly with bleaching.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, Department of Adult Dental Care, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK. s.k.al-salehi@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Al-Salehi
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Hatton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects*; D006244:Hardness; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D016877:Oxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D016877:Oxidants; D010758:Phosphorus; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002118:Calcium