title: Associations of calcium and magnesium in serum and hair with bone mineral density in premenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some minerals have been associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women or people with certain chronic diseases, but the results have been inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the association of serum and hair levels of calcium and magnesium with BMD in premenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study of 104 premenopausal volunteers recruited from out-patient clinics and a health promotion center in a university hospital in Seoul, Korea evaluated the association of serum and hair minerals with BMD in premenopausal women. All participants completed BMD measurements at the spine and hip and provided hair for calcium and magnesium analysis; blood was obtained from 68 of these participants for serum analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher serum magnesium was associated with lower BMD at the spine (P = 0.047), but a higher hair magnesium was associated with higher BMD at the spine (P = 0.024). The ratio of serum calcium to magnesium was positively associated with BMD at the spine (P = 0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Magnesium in serum and hair was associated with BMD in premenopausal women. The ratio of serum calcium to magnesium appears to be a significant indicator of BMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Kang Nam St. Mary's Hospital, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Chan Hee
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barrett-Connor
authors.forename: Ju Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Sung Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D017697:Premenopause
chemical_list: D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium