title: Infrared spectral analysis of MCF-7 cells treated with serum-lipid extracts segregates predominantly brominated flame retardant-exposed subjects from those with mainly organochlorine exposures.
abstract: We set out to determine whether infrared (IR) spectra of treated MCF-7 cells derived using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform IR (ATR) microspectroscopy could be used to signature different exposures. Serum-lipid samples from residents living in an electronics waste (e-waste) dismantling region (Region E, n = 26) in the south of P.R. China or from a nearby region (Region S, n = 20) associated with the fishing industry were obtained. Following extraction, estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 cells were treated for 24 h with < or = 5-mg lipid equivalent of individual extracts prior to ethanol fixation; subsequently, IR spectra of treated-cell populations were obtained using ATR microspectroscopy. Levels of organochlorinated and brominated compounds in parallel extracts were also determined. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to ascertain whether IR-spectral scores would cluster according to particular cohort. Scores plots following PCA highlighted significant clustering dependent on with which set of extracts MCF-7 cells were treated. This suggests marked differences in the cell-biochemical modulating effects induced by either set of extracts. Analysis of contaminant profiles in the extracts showed that polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) accounted for 46.0% of total organohalogens and were higher than dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethanes (DDTs) in Region E; DDTs were the major contaminants (85.2% of total contaminant load) compared to PBDEs (8.7%) in Region S. These results suggest that ATR microspectroscopy can segregate cell-biochemical effects as a consequence of very different exposure paradigms.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Sciences Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
authors.forename: Xinhui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Guoying
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: Jiamo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Pierre L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Martin-Hirsch
authors.forename: Gareth O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Kevin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Francis L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004581:Electronics; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D014020:Tissue Extracts
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005411:Flame Retardants; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D008055:Lipids; D014020:Tissue Extracts