title: Cognitive functioning and acute sedative effects of risperidone and quetiapine in patients with stable bipolar I disorder: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antipsychotic medications differ in their sedative potential, which can affect cognitive performance. The primary objective of this double-blind study was to compare the effects of treatment initiation with risperidone and quetiapine on cognitive function in subjects with stable bipolar disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects had a DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar I disorder in partial or full remission and a Young Mania Rating Scale score <or= 8 at screening. Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment sequences: risperidone-quetiapine or quetiapine-risperidone. Subjects in the risperidone-quetiapine sequence received 2 mg of risperidone with dinner and placebo with breakfast during period 1 and 100 mg of quetiapine with dinner and 100 mg with breakfast during period 2. Subjects in the quetiapine-risperidone sequence received the same treatments in reverse order. The 2 treatment periods were separated by a 6- to 14-day washout period. Cognitive function, including attention, working memory, declarative memory, processing speed, and executive functions, was measured before and after dosing. The Visual Analog Scale for Fatigue was also completed. The primary endpoint was a neurocognitive composite score (NCS). The study was conducted from November 2004 through August 2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty subjects were randomly assigned; 28 took all doses of study medication and completed a baseline and at least 1 postbase-line assessment in each treatment. On the NCS, significantly better overall cognitive function was seen after risperidone than after quetiapine at each time point after dosing. Subjects performed significantly better after risperidone than after quetiapine (p < .05) on 9 of the 18 individual cognitive outcome measures and significantly better after quetiapine than after risperidone on 1 measure. Sleeping or the need for sleep during the test days was reported in significantly more patients after receiving quetiapine than risperidone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that initiation of quetiapine treatment was associated with more immediate adverse cognitive effects and increased somnolence than risperidone treatment.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00097032.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Philip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hassman
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Georges M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Gharabawi
authors.forename: Ramy A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.forename: Luella M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Engelhart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D003987:Dibenzothiazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D018967:Risperidone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012894:Sleep Stages; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003987:Dibenzothiazepines; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate; D018967:Risperidone