title: Serum C-reactive protein levels predict survival in hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  C-reactive protein (CRP) was recently identified as a prognostic factor for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgical resection. We investigated the relationship between the serum levels of high sensitivity CRP (H-CRP) and the prognosis of HCC patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cohort study of 90 HCC patients enrolled from 1997 to 1998. All patients were treated and followed for a mean period of 3.2 years. Clinical variables were compared between patients positive for H-CRP (serum H-CRP levels >/=3.0 mg/L, n=47) and those negative for H-CRP (serum H-CRP levels <3.0 mg/L, n=43). We also determined the relationship between serum H-CRP and prognosis in HCC patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survival rate of patients of the H-CRP-positive group was lower than that of H-CRP-negative patients. Tumour stage (stages 3 or 4), total bilirubin >/=1.2 mg/dL, albumin (Alb) <3.5 g/dL, des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin >/=40 mAU/mL, positive H-CRP and initial treatment (transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy or best supportive care) were identified as significant poor prognostic factors by univariate analysis, while positive H-CRP [hazard ratio (HR), 1.58; P=0.048], Alb<3.5 g/dL (HR, 2.10; P=0.004), tumour stage (stages 3 or 4; HR, 3.05; P=0.001) and initial treatment (HR, 1.88; P=0.029) were considered to be significant determinants of poor prognosis by multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prognosis of H-CRP-positive patients was poorer compared with H-CRP-negative patients. This study confirmed that H-CRP, like CRP, is a marker of poor prognosis in HCC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan. nagaoka_sakae@kurume-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Sakae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akiyoshi
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akiba
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Torimura
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurogi
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tajiri
authors.forename: Kinya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niizeki
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
authors.forename: Masamichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kojiro
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sata
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002097:C-Reactive Protein