title: Polycomb group proteins function in the female gametophyte to determine seed development in plants.
abstract: Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are evolutionary conserved proteins that stably maintain established transcriptional patterns over cell generations. The FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT SEED (FIS) PcG complex from plants has a similar composition to the Polycomb repressive complex 2 from animals. Mutations in FIS genes cause parent-of-origin-dependent seed abortion. Every seed inheriting a mutant fis allele from the mother is destined to abort, regardless of the presence of a wild-type paternal allele. We tested in Arabidopsis whether the parent-of-origin-dependent seed abortion caused by lack of the FIS subunit MSI1 is caused by parental imprinting of the MSI1 gene. Our data show that MSI1 is not an imprinted gene and that early paternal MSI1 expression is not sufficient to rescue msi1 mutant seeds. By contrast, expression of MSI1 in msi1 female gametophytes is necessary to restore normal seed development, strongly arguing that the female gametophytic effect of fis mutants is caused by a functional requirement for an intact FIS complex in the female gametophyte. Thus, FIS-mediated expression patterns established in the female gametophyte can impact on seed development, establishing fis mutants as true female gametophytic maternal-effect mutants.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Sciences and Zürich-Base Plant Science Center, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Centre, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Leroy
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hennig
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Breuninger
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laux
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Köhler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009154:Mutation; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D063146:Polycomb-Group Proteins; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012639:Seeds / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C111712:MEA protein, Arabidopsis; C475821:MSI1 protein, Arabidopsis; D063146:Polycomb-Group Proteins; D021122:Protein Subunits; D012097:Repressor Proteins