title: [Treatment of fungal infections of upper respiratory tract and ear].
abstract: Fungi, in comparison with other pathogenic factors, have high pathogenicity. The number of fungal species which are able to infect people is over 500. The upper respiratory tract and ear have permanent contact with external environment which makes their ontocenoses open to continuous exchange of microorganisms of which they consist. In etiology of inflammatory processes 21 species which belonging to 3 genera (Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota) of fungi play important role. Administration of antifungal drugs can be: prophylactic, empiric preemptive and therapeutic. Physicians may prescribe antibiotics (mainly pollens: amphotericin B, natamycin and nystatin) and chemiotherapeutics (mainly azoles and fluorpirymidins, pigments, chlorhexidine and chlorquinaldol). In ENT practice topical and systemic drugs can be administrated. Topical lozenges include amphotericin B, clotrimazole, chlorhexidine or chlorquinaldol and oral gels: nystatin and miconazole. Some of drugs are in the form of suspension/solution, which can be used for inhalation, into the sinus, for swabbing or for lavage: amphotericin B, natamycin, nystatin, clotrimazol, flucytosine, miconazole, fluconazole, vorykonazole, caspofungin. It should be underlined that only a few of dugs can be absorbed from the digestive tract: flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, vorykonazole.
authors.affiliation: Katedra Biologii i Genetyki Medycznej, Zakład Biologii i Parazytologii Lekarskiej Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lodzi. pkurnatowski@wp.pl
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kurnatowski
authors.forename: Agnieszka K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kurnatowska
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000666:Amphotericin B; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001393:Azoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003022:Clotrimazole; D004427:Ear Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008825:Miconazole; D009181:Mycoses / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*; D009761:Nystatin; D010031:Otitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001393:Azoles; D009761:Nystatin; D008825:Miconazole; D000666:Amphotericin B; D003022:Clotrimazole