Cyanidin 3-glucoside ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity due to downregulation of retinol binding protein 4 expression in diabetic mice.
Adipocyte dysfunction is strongly associated with the development of obesity and insulin resistance. It is accepted that the regulation of adipocytokine expression is one of the most important targets for the prevention of obesity and improvement of insulin sensitivity. In this study, we have demonstrated that anthocyanin (cyanidin 3-glucoside; C3G) which is a pigment widespread in the plant kingdom, ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity due to the reduction of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) expression in type 2 diabetic mice. KK-A(y) mice were fed control or control +0.2% of a C3G diet for 5 weeks. Dietary C3G significantly reduced blood glucose concentration and enhanced insulin sensitivity. The adiponectin and its receptors expression were not responsible for this amelioration. C3G significantly upregulated the glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) and downregulated RBP4 in the white adipose tissue, which is accompanied by downregulation of the inflammatory adipocytokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) in the white adipose tissue of the C3G group. These findings indicate that C3G has significant potency in an anti-diabetic effect through the regulation of Glut4-RBP4 system and the related inflammatory adipocytokines.
Sasaki
Rie
R
College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
Nishimura
Natsumi
N
Hoshino
Hiromi
H
Isa
Yasuka
Y
Kadowaki
Maho
M
Ichi
Takahito
T
Tanaka
Akihito
A
Nishiumi
Shin
S
Fukuda
Itsuko
I
Ashida
Hitoshi
H
Horio
Fumihiko
F
Tsuda
Takanori
T
D054392:Adipokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D015394:Molecular Structure; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D000872:Anthocyanins; D001786:Blood Glucose; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D005960:Glucosides; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; C502487:Rbp4 protein, mouse; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma; C462279:cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase