title: Boron intake and prostate cancer risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Experimental studies suggest that boron may prevent prostate cancer. Only one small epidemiological study has been conducted of boron, which found that those in the highest quartile of boron intake had less than half the risk of prostate cancer versus those in the lowest quartile.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the association between boron intake and prostate cancer within the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) cohort. A total of 35,244 men completed the baseline supplement and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in 2000-2002. A boron database was constructed from published sources to estimate boron intake from the FFQ and from multivitamins. A total of 832 men developed prostate cancer from baseline to 31 December 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dietary boron intake and total boron intake from diet plus multivitamins were not associated with prostate cancer risk. The hazard ratio of prostate cancer for those in the highest versus lowest quartile of total boron intake was 1.17 (95% CI 0.85, 1.61). This risk did not vary by prostate cancer stage or Gleason score. Furthermore, none of the foods high in boron content was associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This cohort study provides no evidence for a preventive role of boron intake on prostate cancer. Since few studies exist on this topic, future research is needed to better elucidate any role that boron may play in the prevention of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Pragram, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Johanna W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lampe
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001895:Boron / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014861:Washington
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D001895:Boron