title: Predicting outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome: evaluation of B-type natriuretic peptide and the global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE) risk score.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accurate risk stratification soon after admission for patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is vital in guiding management. Clinical risk scores and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) can predict mortality and re-infarction in ACS, but it is unknown whether BNP provides prognostic information over and above that of the clinical risk scores.
  
  
  METHODS
  142 unselected patients with ACS were prospectively studied. BNP was measured and patients were stratified according to BNP and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score. In-hospital and 30-day events were characterised.
  
  
  RESULTS
  20.4% of ACS subjects had ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI), 14.1%, non-ST elevation MI and 65.5% unstable angina. Elevated BNP predicted in-hospital and 30-day heart failure (p<0.01), and the risk of in-hospital recurrent ACS (p<0.05). Increasing GRACE score predicted in-hospital recurrent ACS (p<0.05), heart failure (p<0.001), arrhythmias (p<0.05) and angioplasty (p<0.05). GRACE score also predicted 30-day heart failure (p<0.05). In contrast, the predictive accuracy of troponin elevation was less robust.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BNP and the GRACE score predict complementary outcomes from ACS, but both predicted heart failure. BNP is a powerful indicator of heart failure in patients with ACS and provides prognostic information above and beyond conventional biomarkers and risk scores.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beckett
authors.forename: K A A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000175:diagnosis; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain