title: Epstein-Barr virus-encoded dUTPase enhances proinflammatory cytokine production by macrophages in contact with endothelial cells: evidence for depression-induced atherosclerotic risk.
abstract: Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-6, predict mortality and morbidity. In cardiovascular disease patients, they are observed in atherosclerotic lesions and serum. Factors behind the increased levels of these cytokines are multifaceted and may include latent herpesviruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that can be reactivated by stress. Previously, we showed that the EBV-encoded deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase), a protein synthesized in the early phase of virus replication, can induce human monocytes/macrophages to produce TNF-alpha and IL-6. In this study, we modeled the interactions that take place between macrophages and endothelial cells in vivo using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). HUVEC were stimulated by soluble factors induced by EBV dUTPase-treated monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) that resulted in the upregulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. These changes were related to MDM production of TNF-alpha following the activation of NF-kappaB. In a previous study, chronically stressed dementia caregivers had elevations in plasma IL-6 levels, a risk for cardiovascular disease. We found a relationship between plasma IL-6 levels and neutralizing antibody titers to EBV dUTPase suggesting that one source of the plasma IL-6 observed in our previous study could be related to the effect of EBV-encoded dUTPase on macrophages. The results suggest that EBV-encoded dUTPase can enhance production of proinflammatory cytokines by monocytes/macrophages in contact with endothelial cells of blood vessels, and may play a role in cardiovascular pathology and chronic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: W James
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Waldman
authors.forename: Marshall V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lemeshow
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Binkley
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guttridge
authors.forename: Janice K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kiecolt-Glaser
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Katherine J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ladner
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Glaser
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D011755:Pyrophosphatases; C020020:dUTP pyrophosphatase