title: Hemodynamics and muscle sympathetic nerve activity after 8 h of sustained hypoxia in healthy humans.
abstract: Hemodynamics, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), and forearm blood flow were evaluated in 12 normal subjects before, during (1 and 7 h), and after ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia achieved with 8 h of continuous poikilocapnic hypoxia. All results are means +/- SD. Subjects experienced mean oxygen saturation of 84.3 +/- 2.3% during exposure. The exposure resulted in hypoxic acclimatization as suggested by end-tidal CO(2) [44.7 +/- 2.7 (pre) vs. 39.5 +/- 2.2 mmHg (post), P < 0.001] and by ventilatory response to hypoxia [1.2 +/- 0.8 (pre) vs. 2.3 +/- 1.3 l x min(-1).1% fall in saturation(-1) (post), P < 0.05]. Subjects exhibited a significant increase in heart rate across the exposure that remained elevated even upon return to room air breathing compared with preexposure (67.3 +/- 15.9 vs. 59.8 +/- 12.1 beats/min, P < 0.008). Although arterial pressure exhibited a trend toward an increase across the exposure, this did not reach significance. MSNA initially increased from room air to poikilocapnic hypoxia (26.2 +/- 10.3 to 32.0 +/- 10.3 bursts/100 beats, not significant at 1 h of exposure); however, MSNA then decreased below the normoxic baseline despite continued poikilocapnic hypoxia (20.9 +/- 8.0 bursts/100 beats, 7 h Hx vs. 1 h Hx; P < 0.008 at 7 h). MSNA decreased further after subjects returned to room air (16.6 +/- 6.0 bursts/100 beats; P < 0.008 compared with baseline). Forearm conductance increased after exposure from 2.9 +/- 1.5 to 4.3 +/- 1.6 conductance units (P < 0.01). These findings indicate alterations of cardiovascular and respiratory control following 8 h of sustained hypoxia producing not only acclimatization but sympathoinhibition.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary and Sleep Research Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. rtamisier@chu-grenoble.fr
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tamisier
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Geoffrey S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Gilmartin
authors.forename: Mathew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Curley
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: J Woodrow
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*