title: Understanding modes of moderate sedation during gastrointestinal procedures: a current review of the literature.
abstract: Recommendations for routine screening for colorectal cancer with colonoscopy are likely to substantially increase the demand for provision of sedation for these procedures. Because of this burgeoning caseload and associated economic constraints, it is unlikely that anesthesiologists will be available for all such procedures, particularly those involving average-risk patients. Thus, sedative agents that can be safely administered by nonanesthesiologists, appropriately trained in monitoring and managing the patient's airway, are desperately needed. New concepts in sedation for colonoscopy include enhanced mechanisms for drug delivery such as patient-controlled sedation/analgesia and target-controlled infusion, along with the development of new drugs such as a modified cyclodextrin-based formulation of propofol and fospropofol disodium (Aquavan Injection), a water-soluble prodrug of propofol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL 33136, USA. lubarsky@miami.edu
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lubarsky
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Candiotti
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives