title: Antioxidant treatment prevented late memory impairment in an animal model of sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assess the effect of antioxidant treatment on late memory impairment and early hippocampus oxidative stress after cecal ligation and perforation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats underwent sham operation or cecal ligation and perforation. Animals that underwent cecal ligation and perforation were divided into groups: 1) treated with basic support (50 mL/kg saline, 30 mg/kg ceftriaxone, and 25 mg/kg clindamycin every 6 hrs), 2) treated with basic support plus N-acetylcysteine (20 mg/kg N-acetylcysteine at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hrs after cecal ligation and perforation), 3) treated with basic support plus deferoxamine (20 mg/kg deferoxamine at 3 and 24 hrs after cecal ligation and perforation), 4) treated with basic support plus N-acetylcysteine and deferoxamine, or 5) treated with N-acetylcysteine plus deferoxamine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On days 10 and 30 after surgery, the animals underwent behavioral tasks: inhibitory avoidance task, habituation to an open field, and continuous multiple-trials step-down inhibitory avoidance task. The sepsis group showed significantly decreased performance in latency retention compared with the sham group in the inhibitory avoidance task. In the open-field task, the sepsis group presented memory impairment after sepsis. In the continuous multiple-trials step-down inhibitory avoidance task, the sepsis group showed a significant increase in the number of training trials required to reach the acquisition criterion. All these memory impairments were prevented by N-acetylcysteine plus deferoxamine treatment, but not its isolate use. In addition, the combined use of antioxidants attenuated oxidative damage in hippocampus 6 hrs after sepsis induction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antioxidant treatment prevented the development of late cognitive deficits in an animal model of sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barichello
authors.forename: Roberta Albino
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Constantino
authors.forename: Samira S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Valvassori
authors.forename: Gislaine Z
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Réus
authors.forename: Marcio Rodrigo
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Fabricia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petronilho
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quevedo
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dal-Pizzol
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D002432:Cecum; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000150:complications; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003676:Deferoxamine; D000111:Acetylcysteine