title: Factors associated with obesity in Indonesian adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE. To investigate adolescent eating, activity, and behavioral patterns, and attitudes and their associations with obesity in selected communities in Indonesia. DESIGN. A cross-sectional questionnaire and physical measurement-based study in three communities of varying modernization levels in Indonesia (Yogyakarta, Kuta, and Jakarta). Subjects. 1758 middle school students (aged 12-15 years) recruited at six different schools: one public and one private school in each of the three target communities. MEASUREMENTS. The questionnaire collected data on demographic characteristics (age, gender, ethnicity, estimated household income); fast food eating habits (frequency, types of food/restaurant, general beliefs about fast foods); television, computer, and Play Station usage; physical activity (hrs/wk of participation in physical activity, transportation means for attending school); and eating habits (frequency of consuming selected foods and beverages). Student's height and weights were obtained, body mass index (BMI: weight [kg]/height [m(2)]) was calculated, and obesity was defined as ≥95%, using the BMI-for-age cut-offs from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) charts. RESULTS. Chi-square analysis revealed associations between obesity and community setting, family income, use of a computer or Play Station, type of transportation to school, and beliefs about fast foods (P<0.01). According to the logistic regression analysis, adolescents from families with incomes over Rp 2 mil were three times as likely to be obese (95% CI 1.9, 4.9) and boys were 2.6 times more likely to be obese (95% CI 1.5, 4.5). CONCLUSION. Greater likelihood of obesity among Indonesian adolescents who spend greater amounts of time using a computer or Play Station suggests that such sedentary activities may be replacing physical activity, promoting an energy imbalance, and subsequently, an increased risk for obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
authors.forename: Allison E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Bilge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pakiz
authors.forename: Cheryl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Rock
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D000367:Age Factors; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D003201:Computers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004435:Eating / Q000208:ethnology; D057140:Fast Foods; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style / Q000208:ethnology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018910:Video Games