title: Effect of Saliva miltiorrhiza bunge on antimicrobial activity and resistant gene regulation against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
abstract: This study was conducted in an effort to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and antibiotic-resistant gene regulation from Saliva miltiorrhiza Bunge on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A variety of solvent fractions and methanol extracts of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge were tested in order to determine its antimicrobial activities against S. aureus and MRSA. As a result, the hexane fraction of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge evidenced the highest levels of antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and MRSA. The MICs of the hexane fraction against various MRSA specimens were 64<MICs<or=128 microg/ml. The hexane fraction evidenced inhibitory effects superior to those of the chloroform fraction. The results showed inhibition zones of hexane (16 mm) and chloroform (14 mm) fractions against MRSA KCCM 40511 at 1,000 microg/disc. The hexane and chloroform fractions inhibited the expression of the resistant genes, mecA, mecR1, and femA in mRNA. Moreover, the results of Western blotting assays indicated that the hexane and chloroform fractions inhibited the expression of the resistant protein, PBP2a. These results reveal that the hexane and chloroform fractions of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge may prove to be a valuable choice for studies targeted toward the development of new antimicrobial agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Syng-Ook
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: In-Seon
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002725:Chloroform / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006586:Hexanes / Q000737:chemistry; D016106:Methicillin Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D006586:Hexanes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002725:Chloroform