title: Infertility in a dog due to proximal cytoplasmic droplets in the ejaculate: investigation of the significance for sperm functionality in vitro.
abstract: A 4-year-old Basque Shepherd male dog was presented for breeding soundness evaluation after the dog failed to impregnate the three bitches he had mated. Clinical examination showed no anomaly of the reproductive system. Semen evaluation showed normal sperm count (640 x 10(6)), 80% had progressively motile spermatozoa, and 96% had morphologically abnormal sperm of which 84% had proximal cytoplasmic droplet and 12% had proximal droplet plus other anomaly. A zona pellucida-binding assay, using canine oocytes derived from frozen-thawed ovaries, was performed in order to investigate the zona-binding ability of dog spermatozoa with proximal cytoplasmic droplets. For the zona pellucida-binding assay, ovaries were thawed and minced in phosphate-buffered saline + 0.4% bovine serum albumin, the oocytes recovered were divided into two groups of 35-40 oocytes to be, respectively, used with the infertile dog and with a control fertile dog. Spermatozoa were capacitated in Canine Capacitating Medium (CCM) at 38.5 degrees C and 5% CO(2) in air for 2 h before oocyte insemination. Groups of five to six oocytes placed in 45 microl droplets of CCM were incubated for 1 h. Afterwards, 5 microl of CCM containing 25,000 spermatozoa were added to each droplet and co-incubated for 2 h before fixation and evaluation of the complexes. After oocyte insemination, sperm motility and viability were evaluated: the sample from the infertile dog had 85% sperm motility with fast and linear progressive movement, and sperm viability of 92%. The sample from the control dog showed 40% sperm motility with fast and highly curvilinear and erratic movement, high degree of sperm agglutination and sperm viability of 32%. For the infertile dog the mean number of bound spermatozoa/oocyte was 0.33 whereas for the control dog it was 1.80. It was concluded that dog sperm with proximal cytoplasmic droplets seem to lack normal capacitating ability in vitro, and consequently, they may have reduced capacity to bind to the zona pellucida of canine oocytes.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain. anaipena@lugo.usc.es
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barrio
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Becerra
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Quintela
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Herradón
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003593:Cytoplasm; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000662:veterinary; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D013075:Sperm Capacitation / Q000502:physiology*; D013076:Sperm Count / Q000662:veterinary; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000502:physiology; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000002:abnormalities*; D015044:Zona Pellucida / Q000378:metabolism