title: Effects of acupuncture and sham acupuncture in addition to physiotherapy in patients undergoing bilateral total knee arthroplasty--a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the acute effects of acupuncture with sham acupuncture on knee pain, range of motion and ambulation in patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing bilateral total knee arthroplasty, when added to a standard postoperative physiotherapy programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective patient- and assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute inpatient physiotherapy department.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients (24 women and 6 men) undergoing bilateral total knee arthroplasty were included for final analysis in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both groups received a standard postoperative physiotherapy programme. Each patient was also given either 10 sessions of acupuncture or sham acupuncture within two weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome measures were the levels of pain at rest and at maximum after exercise measured by the numeric pain rating scale. Other outcome measures included active and passive ranges of knee motion measured by standard goniometer, and ambulation measured by the timed up-and-go test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six patients were recruited at the start of the study with 18 patients allocated to the acupuncture group and another 18 patients to the sham acupuncture group. On postoperative day 15, there were 30 patients with complete data; three patients in each group dropped out from the study. The mean differences (95% confidence interval (CI)) in overall averages of postoperative mean pain levels were 0.4 (-0.6 to 1.3) and -0.8 (-2.0 to 0.4) at rest and at maximum respectively. There were no significant differences in the active and passive ranges of knee motion and the time for the timed up-and-go test between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no difference between the acute effects of acupuncture and sham acupuncture in addition to standard postoperative physiotherapy programme in patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing bilateral total knee arthroplasty.
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapy Department, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China. tsangccr@ha.org.hk
authors.forename: Raymond Chi-Chung
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: Pui-Ling
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: Chung-Yee
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Ben Chi-Hung
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Wing-Yee
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ho-Ting
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Yip
mesh_terms: D026881:Acupuncture / Q000379:methods*; D000368:Aged; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000145:classification / Q000628:therapy*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011182:Postoperative Care; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D016138:Walking