title: Dysphagia due to triple A syndrome: successful treatment of achalasia by balloon dilatation.
abstract: Triple A syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder which is characterized by alacrima, adrenal insufficiency, and achalasia. We report on a 14-year old girl with dysphagia, regurgitation, and vomiting since 5 years. At the age of five years an Addison crisis was diagnosed and cortisone substitution was initiated. In addition, the patient had episodes of conjunctivitis. Severe esophagitis and candida infection were diagnosed by esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy and treated with omeprazole and fluconazole. The esophageal barium swallow was typical for achalasia. Medical treatment of achalasia with oral nifedipine resulted only in a partial and temporal improvement. But after seven balloon dilatations dysphagia and nocturnal coughing improved clearly and a remarkable gain of weight could be seen. Direct sequencing showed a homozygous nonsense mutation in exon 11 of the AAAS gene leading to truncation at position 342 of the 546 amino acid protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Triple A syndrome has to be considered in patients with dysphagia. In our patient, the absence of tears since birth followed by adrenal insufficiency were early signs of the triple A syndrome. Balloon dilatation of the esophago-gastric junction is an effective treatment, which can avoid surgical interventions.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Bonn, Robert-Koch-Strasse 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany. stephan.buderus@marien-hospital-bonn.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buderus
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Utsch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huebner
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lentze
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002404:Catheterization; D003231:Conjunctivitis / Q000209:etiology; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans