Secondhand smoke exposure in Mexican discotheques.
This study describes the impact of exposure to secondhand smoke for subjects who spend time in a discotheque, by comparing within-subject baseline and postexposure urinary cotinine levels. A total of 100 nonsmoking volunteers from a central region of Mexico provided a urine sample before entering a discotheque and another sample an average of 6 hr after the end of exposure. Concentrations of cotinine and its metabolite, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, were measured in the urine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In females the average preexposure level of urinary cotinine was 2.2 ng/ml, and the average postexposure level was significantly higher, at 15.7 ng/ml. In males the average preexposure level of cotinine was 3.7 ng/ml, compared with 49.1 ng/ml in the postexposure assessment. The highest postexposure values were found in men younger than 22 years old with a value of 469.5 ng/ml. Exposure to secondhand smoke is a serious health risk. Our findings are important given that many of our subjects were exposed to substantial amounts of secondhand smoke in discotheques, as evidenced by the high urinary cotinine and 3'-hydroxycotinine concentrations. These findings support the need to prohibit smoking in discotheques to protect nonsmokers' health.
Lazcano-Ponce
Eduardo
E
Center for Research in Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. elazcano@correo.insp.mx
Benowitz
Neal
N
Sanchez-Zamorano
Luisa Maria
LM
Barbosa-Sanchez
Larissa
L
Valdes-Salgado
Raydel
R
Jacob
Peyton
P
Diaz
Rodrigo
R
Hernandez-Avila
Mauricio
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D003367:Cotinine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D012147:Restaurants; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000032:analysis*
D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; C001381:hydroxycotinine; D003367:Cotinine