title: Right laparoscopic donor nephrectomy and the use of inverted kidney transplantation: an alternative technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a novel approach to overcome the problems associated with a short right renal vein harvested by clipping the vein during right laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (RLDN).
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study included 32 donors and their recipients; all donors had transperitoneal RLDN. The right renal artery and vein were ligated by Hem-o-lok and titanium clips, which resulted in a very short renal vein (<1.5 cm). When the kidney was positioned inverted in the recipient, the renal vein was placed posteriorly, adjacent to the external iliac vein, making a safe and simple venous anastomosis possible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All RLDN were completed with no conversion or re-operation. The mean (range) warm ischaemia time was 9.59 (3-17) min and there was no malfunction of the vascular clips on the major vessels. After a mean follow-up of 14 months the recipient survival rate was 97%. Graft function was excellent, with a mean (sd) serum creatinine level of 1.35 (0.31) mg/dL at 3 months after surgery, and there was no renal artery or vein thrombosis in any of the grafts. There were two ureteric complications (6%), i.e. one ureterocutaneous fistula resolved by secondary ureteroureterostomy, and one stricture at the site of ureteric anastomosis, which was managed by ureteroneocystostomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The right renal vein obtained by LDN, after clipping the renal vein, is quite short, but by placing the kidney upside-down in the right iliac fossa transplantation is possible with no increased incidence of vascular thrombosis. This simple modification might obviate the need for removing a patch from the inferior vena cava, which is a challenging procedure for laparoscopic surgeons during RLDN.
authors.affiliation: Urology Nephrology Research Center, Shaheed Labbafinejad Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. simforoosh@iurtc.org.ir
authors.forename: Nasser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Simforoosh
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aminsharifi
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabibi
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fattahi
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mahmoodi
authors.forename: Mahmmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tavakoli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome