title: Ethnic and sex differences in ownership of preventive health equipment among rural older adults with diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes self-management is important for achieving successful health outcomes. Different levels of self-management have been reported among various populations, though little is known about ownership of equipment that can enhance accomplishment of these tasks.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examined diabetes self-management equipment ownership among rural older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included African American, American Indian, and white men and women 65 years of age and older. Data included equipment ownership overall and by ethnicity and sex across diabetes self-management domains (glucose monitoring, foot care, medication adherence, exercise, and diet). Associations between equipment ownership and demographic and health characteristics were assessed using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Equipment ownership ranged from 85.0% for blood glucose meters to less than 11% for special socks, modified dishes, and various forms of home exercise equipment. Equipment ownership was associated with ethnicity, living arrangements, mobility, poverty status, and formal education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rural older adults with diabetes are at risk because they lack equipment to perform some self-management tasks. Providers should be sensitive to and assist patients in overcoming this barrier.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1063, USA. rbell@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Ronny A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Arcury
authors.forename: Jeanette M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.forename: Shannon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Golden
authors.forename: Beverly M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Snively
authors.forename: Sara A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Quandt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000208:ethnology*; D004864:Equipment and Supplies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D009657:North Carolina; D010067:Ownership; D011315:Preventive Medicine; D012424:Rural Population; D012648:Self Care; D012737:Sex Factors