title: Identification of type 2 diabetes genes in Mexican Americans through genome-wide association studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to identify DNA polymorphisms associated with type 2 diabetes in a Mexican-American population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We genotyped 116,204 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 281 Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes and 280 random Mexican Americans from Starr County, Texas, using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 100K set. Allelic association exact tests were calculated. Our most significant SNPs were compared with results from other type 2 diabetes genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Proportions of African, European, and Asian ancestry were estimated from the HapMap samples using structure for each individual to rule out spurious association due to population substructure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed more significant allelic associations than expected genome wide, as empirically assessed by permutation (14 below a P of 1 x 10(-4) [8.7 expected]). No significant differences were observed between the proportion of ancestry estimates in the case and random control sets, suggesting that the association results were not likely confounded by substructure. A query of our top approximately 1% of SNPs (P < 0.01) revealed SNPs in or near four genes that showed evidence for association (P < 0.05) in multiple other GWAS interrogated: rs979752 and rs10500641 near UBQLNL and OR52H1 on chromosome 11, rs2773080 and rs3922812 in or near RALGPS2 on chromosome 1, and rs1509957 near EGR2 on chromosome 10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified several SNPs with suggestive evidence for replicated association with type 2 diabetes that merit further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC6091, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: M Geoffrey
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pluzhnikov
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Maggie C Y
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Cheryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Below
authors.forename: Raluca I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Nicolae
authors.forename: Anuar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Konkashbaev
authors.forename: Graeme I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Craig L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hanis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004247:DNA / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D015894:Genome, Human; D005838:Genotype; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012016:Reference Values; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin