title: Soft-X-ray microscopy using spiral zone plates.
abstract: Phase sensitive soft-x-ray microscopy methods enable the study of specimens for which phase effects are a prevalent contrast mechanism. One way to detect these phase effects is to optically implement the radial Hilbert transform by using spiral zone plates (SZPs), which results in the isotropic measurement of the amplitude and phase gradient in a sample. Soft-x-ray microscopy using an SZP as a single element objective lens was demonstrated through the imaging of a 1 microm circular aperture at a wavelength of 2.73 nm(454 eV). A regular zone plate, a charge 1 SZP, and a charge 2 SZP were fabricated using electron beam lithography and were used as the imaging optic in the microscopy setup. The charge 1 and charge 2 SZP images exhibited isotropic edge enhancement as a result of radial Hilbert filtering.
authors.affiliation: University of California San Francisco and University of California Berkeley Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. aesakdinawat@lbl.gov
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakdinawat
authors.forename: Yanwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D008853:Microscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*