title: Influence of various combinations of mucolytic agent and non-ionic surfactant on intestinal absorption of poorly absorbed hydrophilic compounds.
abstract: The absorption enhancing effects of various combinations of a mucolytic agent and a non-ionic surfactant on the intestinal absorption of poorly absorbed hydrophilic compounds were examined. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran with an average molecular weight of ca. 4.4 kDa (FD-4) was used as a model compound. Cysteine derivatives such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), S-carboxymethylcysteine (SCMC), S-ethylcysteine (SEC), and S-methylcysteine (SMC) were selected as mucolytic agents. A homogeneous series of single chain polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers were employed as non-ionic surfactants. Various dosing solutions were administered into rat jejunum, and the bioavailability of FD-4 was determined. Unlike NAC, the agents such as SCMC, SEC, and SMC, which do not possess a free thiol group, did not show any apparent enhancement of intestinal FD-4 absorption, when they were co-administered with p-t-octyl phenol polyoxyethylene-9.5 (Triton X-100, TX-100). In addition, the absorption enhancement was dependent on the kinds of polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers used, when used in combination with NAC. For a constant alkyl chain of 12 with a varying polyoxyethylene (POE) chain length, the surfactant with a short to medium POE chain length such as lauryl poly (4.2) oxyethylene ether (BL-4.2) and lauryl poly (9) oxyethylene ether (BL-9) were effective. In addition, for a constant alkyl chain of 18 with a varying POE chain length, the surfactants with a longer POE chain length such as oleyl poly (15) oxyethylene ether (BO-15) and stearyl poly (20) oxyethylene ether (BS-20) showed the effective enhancement. All these results suggest that a mucolytic agent not possessing a free thiol group is not effective for enhancing the intestinal absorption of poorly absorbed hydrophilic compounds. Also, they indicate that the combination of a mucolytic agent possessing a free thiol group and a non-ionic surfactant either with a short to medium POE chain length and a medium alkyl chain length, or with a longer POE chain length and a longer alkyl chain length shows the effective enhancement. This fundamental information might be useful for finding the optimal combination.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Technology Department, CMC Research Laboratories, Tanabe Seiyaku Co. Ltd., 3-16-89 Kashima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8505, Japan. s-taka@tanabe.co.jp
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takatsuka
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horikiri
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamahara
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saji
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003911:Dextrans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005100:Expectorants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D005100:Expectorants; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C015219:fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D000111:Acetylcysteine