title: Healthy lifestyle choices: could sense of coherence aid health promotion?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A research framework based on the personal characteristic defined by a sense of coherence (SOC) focuses on the effective use of resources to maintain good health.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that individual differences in SOC are associated with healthier lifestyle choices independently of social class and education.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional. Population based cohort study recruited through 35 general practice registers. Reported dietary intakes of alcohol, fruit and vegetables, fibre, saturated fat, non-discretionary salt (sodium), and total sugars were assessed by food frequency questionnaire. Current cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, and SOC were assessed through questionnaires.
  
  
  METHODS
  7,863 men and 10,424 women. Residents of Norfolk (UK).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with participants with the weakest SOC, those with the strongest were 28% less likely to be current smokers (odds ratio 0.72 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.58 to 0.89)), 36% less likely to be physically inactive (0.64 (0.55 to 0.75)), and reportedly consumed on average 63 g/day more fruit and vegetables (95% CI, 46 to 80), and 1.2 g/day more fibre (0.8 to 1.6). These associations were independent of age, sex, social class, and education. For physical inactivity and consumption of fruit, vegetables, and fibre, these differences exceeded those observed between the extremes of social class and education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individual differences in SOC are associated with healthy lifestyle choices independently of social class and education, and may therefore aid the design of future health promotion interventions.
authors.affiliation: Strangeways Research Laboratory and University of Cambridge Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK. nick.wainwright@srl.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Nicholas W J
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Wainwright
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Surtees
authors.forename: Ailsa A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Luben
authors.forename: Kay-Tee
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: Sheila A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bingham
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000523:psychology; D004522:Educational Status; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D012923:Social Class