title: Influence of resistant starch alone or combined with wheat bran on gastric emptying and protein digestion in healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resistant starch (RS) is not absorbed in the small intestine, but is partly fermented in the colon and may positively influence putative risk factors for colon cancer. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of RS type 3 (retrograded amylose) alone or combined with wheat bran on gastric emptying (GE) and protein assimilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  GE and protein assimilation were investigated by means of breath-test technology in 20 healthy volunteers who were randomly divided into two groups, each subject performing two tests. In each test, the volunteers received a labelled test meal either as such or in combination with, respectively, 15 g RS3 or 15 g RS3 combined with 6 g wheat bran (WB). Breath samples were collected during the 6 h after administration of a test meal containing egg proteins, intrinsically labelled with (13)C-leucine, to measure protein digestion and sodium-(14)C-octanoate for measurement of GE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intake of RS3 +WB did not influence GE time compared to baseline values, whereas intake of RS3 seemed to hasten GE: from 93 +/- 32 min to 55 +/- 15 min (p = 0.012). The overall protein assimilation parameters at baseline were not significantly different from those obtained after simultaneous intake of RS3 +WB, whereas RS3 significantly shortened the time of maximum excretion compared to baseline, but the extent of protein digestion after RS3 intake was not affected (12.54 +/- 3.60% versus 13.43 +/- 3.40%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of RS3 alone or in combination with wheat bran demonstrates that there are no adverse effects on protein digestion and no influence on the nitrogen supply to the colon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Research, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Vicky
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Preter
authors.forename: Lieselotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cloetens
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rutgeerts
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Verbeke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001944:Breath Tests; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D013213:Starch / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D013213:Starch