title: An innocuous duplication of 11.2 Mb at 13q21 is gene poor: sub-bands of gene paucity and pervasive CNV characterize the chromosome anomalies.
abstract: A boy with autistic spectrum disorder without dysmorphisms was found to have a chromosome duplication of part of band 13q21. His mother and grandfather both of normal intellect had the same chromosomal duplication. Comparison was made with the Chromosome anomaly database www.som.soton.ac.uk/research/geneticsdiv/anomaly%20register which revealed similar cases. Mapping on DNA microarray for the proband and mother showed the duplication to be of length 11.2 Mb, encompassing the 13q21.1-13q21.32 region. The duplicated region is profoundly gene poor, with a mean gene density of 0.45 genes/Mb. We estimate, that the mean gene density in the sub-bands of the chromosome anomalies is 2.4-2.5 genes/Mb. In addition the percentages of the sub-bands reported as copy number variants (CNV) was estimated from the Database of Chromosome Genomic Variants (http://projects.tcag.ca/variation/). It was found that for some of these sub-bands, gene paucity was likely to be a major contributor to their innocuous phenotypic effect, for example, the gene densities were for: 1p31.2 (1.25 genes/Mb); 2p12 (1.7); 4p15.31 (1.3); 5p14.1 (0.22); 5p14.3 (0.8); 5q21.2 (0.6); 5q21.3 (1.2); 8p23.2 (0.25); 13q21.1 (0.9); 14q31.1 (1.4); 18q22.1 (1.4); 21q21.1 (1.2); and 21q21.2 (0.7). For other sub-bands the percentage of the band in which CNV have been reported was found to be markedly increased, for example, 8p23.2 (94.7% of the band is defined by reported CNV); 3p26.3 (81.6); 5p14.3 (59.3); 8p22 (48.8); 2p12 (44.0); 5q21.1 (43.6); 6q24.2 (41.4); 9p23 (38.8); 10q21.1 (36.5); 5q21.2 (35.4), and 11q14.3 (33.8). We argue that both gene paucity and pervasive CNV are major indicators of bands conforming to the Chromosome Anomaly phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytogenetics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia. artd@chw.edu.au
authors.forename: Art
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darmanian
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: Jason R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hort
mesh_terms: D000782:Aneuploidy; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002871:Chromosome Banding; D002882:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13; D018628:Gene Dosage; D020440:Gene Duplication; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male