title: Case study using ultrasound to treat /r/.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ultrasound has shown promise as visual feedback in remediation of /r/.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare treatment for /r/ with and without ultrasound.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Canadian English-speaking adolescent participated in a case study with a no treatment baseline, alternating treatment blocks with and without ultrasound and a final no treatment period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Formant values and trained listener ratings of speech samples indicated improvement in /r/ production, particularly after the introduction of ultrasound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound appeared to facilitate the acquisition of /r/ for the participant. Large-scale studies are needed to evaluate ultrasound further.
authors.affiliation: Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Geetanjalee
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Modha
authors.forename: B May
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Bernhardt
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Church
authors.forename: Penelope
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bacsfalvi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010700:Phonetics; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D013070:Speech Therapy / Q000379:methods; D014059:Tongue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography