title: Long-term outcome of superficialis-to-profundus tendon transfer in patients with clenched fist due to spastic hemiplegia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spastic hemiplegia is a common feature after stroke, which can result in a clenched fist deformity with secondary hygienic problems and pain. Operative treatment can improve these problems, although literature about its long-term effects is lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether Superficialis-to-Profundus tendon (StP-) transfer procedure leads to permanent improvement of hygiene and reduction of pain in patients with clenched fist due to spastic hemiplegia following stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who underwent a StP-transfer in 2003-2005 were evaluated on skin condition, upper extremity joint mobility, resting position and muscle tone and with VAS scores on hygiene maintenance and pain in the hand.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients (mean age 54 years; duration after stroke 10 years) were included. Indications to operate were hygienic problems only (3) or combined with pain (3). The average follow-up period was 19 months. After 6 weeks of post-operative splinting, no standard follow-up was applied. Serious post-operative complications were not reported. At follow-up no hygienic problems were present and pain was decreased in all except one patient. All hands could passively be fully opened. In resting position, flexion was seen in the MCP-joints (60-90 degrees). Muscle tone was raised in flexors of the wrist and fingers and m. adductor pollicis (Ashworth 1-2). Given the same pre- and post-operative circumstances, all patients would agree to have the surgery over again.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even 19 months after the StP-transfer for clenched fist, all operated hands could still be fully opened and there was a permanent improvement of hygiene and pain reduction.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Centre Tolbrug, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: I C M
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Heijnen
authors.forename: R J P
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Franken
authors.forename: B J W
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Bevaart
authors.forename: J W G
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Meijer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006227:Hand Deformities, Acquired / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011403:Pronation; D020127:Recovery of Function; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D013709:Tendon Transfer