title: Structural changes of UHMWPE after e-beam irradiation and thermal treatment.
abstract: Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was irradiated with accelerated electrons (1 MeV in air) using high dose rates (> 25 kGy/min) and thin specimens (thickness 1 mm). Parts of the specimens were remelted (200 degrees C for 10 min; 150 degrees C for 0, 2, 10, 30, 60 min). All specimens were stored in nitrogen in the dark at 5 degrees C. Supermolecular structure, extent of crosslinking, oxidative degradation, and macroradical content were studied by a number of methods (SAXS, WAXS, SEM, DSC, FTIR, ESR, TGA, solubility experiments, image analysis). The results obtained with irradiated samples were compared with those obtained with irradiated and remelted samples. It was confirmed that crosslinking predominates over chain scission at very high dose rates, even if the irradiation is performed in air. Discrepancies concerning supermolecular structure changes in UHMWPE after irradiation and thermal treatment, found in various studies in the literature, are discussed. A simple model, which describes and explains all supermolecular structure changes, is introduced. An effective way of eliminating residual macroradicals in UHMWPE is proposed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic. slouf@imc.cas.cz
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Slouf
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Synkova
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baldrian
authors.forename: Antonin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marek
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kovarova
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dorschner
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stephan
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gohs
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D004583:Electrons; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007595:Joint Prosthesis; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011095:Polyethylenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D011827:Radiation; D012995:Solubility; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011095:Polyethylenes; C111601:ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene