title: A multipumping flow system for in vitro screening of peroxynitrite scavengers.
abstract: Peroxynitrite anion is a reactive nitrogen species formed in vivo by the rapid, controlled diffusion reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide radicals. By reacting with several biological molecules, peroxynitrite may cause important cellular and tissue deleterious effects, which have been associated with many diseases. In this work, an automated flow-based procedure for the in vitro generation of peroxynitrite and subsequent screening of the scavenging activity of selected compounds is developed. This procedure involves a multipumping flow system (MPFS) and exploits the ability of compounds such as lipoic acid, dihydrolipoic acid, cysteine, reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione, sulindac, and sulindac sulfone to inhibit the chemiluminescent reaction of luminol with peroxynitrite under physiological simulated conditions. Peroxynitrite was generated in the MPFS by the online reaction of acidified hydrogen peroxide with nitrite, followed by a subsequent stabilization by merging with a sodium hydroxide solution to rapidly quench the developing reaction. The pulsed flow and the timed synchronized insertion of sample and reagent solutions provided by the MPFS ensure the establishment of the reaction zone only inside the flow cell, thus allowing maximum chemiluminescence emission detection. The results obtained for the assayed compounds show that, with the exception of oxidized glutathione, all are highly potent scavengers of peroxynitrite at the studied concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marta F T
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Ana C B
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: João L M
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Eduarda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: José L F C
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Elias A G
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Zagatto
mesh_terms: D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008954:Models, Biological; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D013048:Specimen Handling
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid