title: A comparison of reward-contingent neuronal activity in monkey orbitofrontal cortex and ventral striatum: guiding actions toward rewards.
abstract: We have investigated how neuronal activity in the orbitofrontal-ventral striatal circuit is related to reward-directed behavior by comparing activity in these two regions during a visually guided reward schedule task. When a set of visual cues provides information about reward contingency, that is, about whether or not a trial will be rewarded, significant subpopulations of neurons in both orbitofrontal cortex and ventral striatum encode this information. Orbitofrontal and ventral striatal neurons also differentiate between rewarding and non-rewarding trial outcomes, whether or not those outcomes were predicted. The size of the neuronal subpopulation encoding reward contingency is twice as large in orbitofrontal cortex (50% of neurons) as in ventral striatum (26%). Reward-contingency-dependent activity also appears earlier during a trial in orbitofrontal cortex than in ventral striatum. The peak reward-contingency representation in orbitofrontal cortex (31% of neurons), occurs during the wait period, a period of high anticipation prior to any action. The peak ventral striatal representation of reward contingency (18%) occurs during the go period, a time of action. We speculate that signals from orbitofrontal cortex bias ventral striatal activity, and that a flow of reward-contingency information from orbitofrontal cortex to ventral striatum serves to guide actions toward rewards.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. simmonsj@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Janine M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ravel
authors.forename: Munetaka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shidara
authors.forename: Barry J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Richmond
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D054022:Cerebrum / Q000502:physiology*; D000882:Haplorhini / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D012201:Reward; D013997:Time Factors