title: Proteomic approach to studying the cytotoxicity of YC-1 on U937 leukemia cells and antileukemia activity in orthotopic model of leukemia mice.
abstract: To evaluate the effects of YC-1 on leukemia cell lines, PI incorporation was used to determine cell viability. YC-1 induced a dose- and time-dependent decrease in viability and apoptosis in YC-1-treated U937 cells. YC-1-induced apoptosis is a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-independent pathway. Proteomic analysis showed that the altered proteins include the significant regulation of HSP70, chaperonin, ATP synthase beta chains, and Chain F. Western blotting and immuno-cytochemistry stain showed that YC-1 treatment caused a time-dependent increase in cytosolic Cytochrome c, pro-caspase-9, Apaf-1, and the activation of caspase-9 and -3. Importantly, the in vivo antileukemia effects of YC-1 were evaluated in BALB/c mice inoculated with WEHI-3B orthotopic model. YC-1 enhanced survival rate and prevented the body weight loss in leukemia mice. The enlargement of spleen and lymph nodes were reduced in YC-1 treated than that in leukemia mice. H-E stain of spleen sections revealed that infiltration of immature myeloblastic cells into red pulp was reduced in YC-1-treated group. The apoptotic cells of splenocyte were significantly increased in YC-1 treated than that in leukemia mice by Tdt-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Taken together, we conclude that YC-1 acted against U937 cells in vitro via a mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway, and in orthotopic leukemia model, YC-1 administered antileukemia activity.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Microbiology, School of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jing-Gung
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Jai-Sing
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Li-Jiau
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Fang-Yu
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Che-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Sheng-Chung
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Kuei-Li
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shu-Fang
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Sheng-Chu
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007191:Indazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007942:Leukemia, Experimental / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D007191:Indazoles; C090937:3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole