title: Impact of smoking during pregnancy on peripheral tissue oxygenation in term neonates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking during pregnancy is associated with higher blood pressure in neonates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze whether smoking during pregnancy has an influence on peripheral tissue oxygenation in healthy term neonates within the first days after delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective cohort study, 15 healthy term neonates of mothers who had smoked during pregnancy (smoking group) were matched for gestational age, actual weight and postnatal age to 15 healthy term neonates of mothers who had not smoked during pregnancy (non-smoking group). Peripheral oxygenation was measured by near-infrared spectroscopy in combination with the venous occlusion method on the left forearm. Measurements were performed within the first 2 days after delivery. Tissue oxygenation index (TOI), fractional oxygen extraction (FOE), oxygen delivery (DO(2)) and oxygen consumption (VO(2)) were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In neonates measured within the first day after delivery, TOI was significantly lower and FOE was significantly higher (63.5 +/- 5.5; 0.37 +/- 0.04) in the smoking group compared to the non-smoking group (69.2 +/- 2.9; 0.30 +/- 0.04). DO(2) tended to be lower and VO(2) tended to be higher in the smoking group. In neonates measured on the second day after delivery, no significant differences were observed between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking during pregnancy reduced TOI and increased FOE in otherwise healthy neonates on the first day of life with normalization on the second day of life.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. pichler.gerhard@klinikum-graz.at
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pichler
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heinzinger
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klaritsch
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zotter
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: Berndt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Urlesberger
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen