title: Fifteen years of env C2V3C3 evolution in six individuals infected clonally with human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
abstract: The study of the evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires blood samples collected longitudinally and data on the approximate time point of infection. Although these requirements were fulfilled in several previous studies, the infectious sources were either unknown or heterogeneous genetically. In the present study, HIV-1 env C2V3C3 (nt 7029-7315) evolution was examined retrospectively in a cohort of hemophiliacs. Compared to other cohorts, the area of interest here was the infection of six hemophiliacs by the same virus strain, that is, the infecting viruses shared an identical genome. As expected, divergence from the founder sequence as well as interpatient divergence of the predominant virus strains increased significantly over time. Based on the V3 nucleotide sequences, CCR5 usage was predicted exclusively throughout the whole period of infection in all patients. Interestingly, common patterns of viral evolution were detected in the patients of the cohort. Four amino acid substitutions within the V3 loop emerged and persisted subsequently in five (positions 305 and 308 of the HXB2 gp120 reference sequence) and six patients (positions 325 and 328 in HXB2 gp120), respectively. These common changes within the V3 loop are likely to be enforced by HIV-1 specific immune response.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. bernd.kupfer@ukb.uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kupfer
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sing
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schüffler
authors.forename: Rabea
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kurz
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McKeown
authors.forename: Karl-Eduard
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Schneweis
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Eberl
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oldenburg
authors.forename: Hans H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Brackmann
authors.forename: Jürgen K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Rockstroh
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Spengler
authors.forename: Martin P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Däumer
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lengauer
authors.forename: Bertfried
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Matz
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D006031:Glycosylation; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D002836:Hemophilia B / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015686:Gene Products, env; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C059762:HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321); D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019713:Receptors, CCR5