The Gli code: an information nexus regulating cell fate, stemness and cancer.
The Gli code hypothesis postulates that the three vertebrate Gli transcription factors act together in responding cells to integrate intercellular Hedgehog (Hh) and other signaling inputs, resulting in the regulation of tissue pattern, size and shape. Hh and other inputs are then just ways to modify the Gli code. Recent data confirm this idea and suggest that the Gli code regulates stemness and also tumor progression and metastatic growth, opening exciting possibilities for both regenerative medicine and novel anticancer therapies.
Ruiz i Altaba
Ariel
A
Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, 8242 CMU, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ariel.RuizAltaba@medecine.unige.ch
Mas
Christophe
C
Stecca
Barbara
B
D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D018450:Disease Progression; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009857:Oncogenes; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1
D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1