title: The thyroid hormone receptor-alpha (TRalpha) gene encoding TRalpha1 controls deoxyribonucleic acid damage-induced tissue repair.
abstract: The thyroid hormone (TH) controls, via its nuclear receptor, TH receptor-alpha1 (TRalpha1), intestinal crypt cell proliferation in the mouse. In order to understand whether this receptor also plays a role in intestinal regeneration after DNA damage, we applied a protocol of gamma-ray irradiation and monitored cell proliferation and apoptosis at several time points. In wild-type mice, the dose of 8 Gy induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in intestinal crypts a few hours after irradiation. This phenomenon reverted 48 h after irradiation. TRalpha(0/0) mutant mice displayed a constant low level of proliferating cells and a high apoptosis rate during the period of study. At the molecular level, in TRalpha(0/0) animals we observed a delay in the p53 phosphorylation induced by DNA damage. In our search for the expression of the protein kinases responsible for p53 phosphorylation upon irradiation, we have focused on DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs). The number of cells expressing DNA-PKcs in crypts remained high 48 h after irradiation, specifically in TRalpha mutants. Altogether, in TRalpha(0/0) animals the rate of apoptosis in crypt cells remained high, apparently due to an elevated number of cells still presenting DNA damage. In conclusion, the TRalpha gene plays a role in crypt cell homeostasis by regulating the rate of cell renewal and apoptosis induced by DNA damage.
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kress
authors.forename: Amelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rezza
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nadjar
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Samarut
authors.forename: Michelina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plateroti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000528:radiation effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D005720:Gamma Rays; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D037021:Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D037021:Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53