title: Habitual sniffing and postoperative configuration of the posterior meatal wall reconstructed with soft tissue.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Habitual sniffing is a significant contributing factor to the development of postoperative retraction of the reconstructed posterior meatal wall and tympanic membrane, although it still seems a multifactorial event.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the possible contribution of habitual sniffing to retraction-type middle ear pathology in a more direct way than previous reports.
  
  
  METHODS
  The correlation between habitual sniffing and the postoperative configuration of the posterior meatal wall was examined in 58 patients with cholesteatoma who underwent tympanoplasty with reconstruction of the soft meatal wall.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The postoperative configuration of the posterior meatal wall showed severe retraction in 7 of 8 patients with habitual sniffing, but only 22 of 47 without habitual sniffing. Habitual sniffing was significantly associated with postoperative severe retraction (Fisher's exact test, p<0.05).
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan. kawase@orl.med.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawase
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuasa
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Toshimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009225:Myringoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D009666:Nose / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome