Fibrinolysis and host response in bacterial infections.
The plasminogen activation system is part of the fibrinolysis which is tightly regulated and protected against dysfunction by various activators and inhibitors. However, microorganisms including bacteria, fungi and also parasites have been proven to interact in a specific manner with components of the fibrinolytic pathways. Pathogenic bacteria are capable to subvert the function of proteases, activators or inhibitors for their own benefits including dissemination within the host and evasion of host inflammatory immune response. Here, we provide a state of the art overview of the divers strategies employed by bacteria to interact with components of the fibrinolytic system and to exploit the system for invasion. Moreover, the role of factors of the fibrinolytic cascade in inflammatory host response due to different bacterial infections will be presented.
Bergmann
Simone
S
Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Hammerschmidt
Sven
S
D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001899:Borrelia Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000378:metabolism; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C524899:Plaur protein, mouse; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; C084529:plasminogen-binding protein, bacteria; D010958:Plasminogen; D013300:Streptokinase; C078140:Pla protease, Yersinia pestis; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C022653:auR protein, Staphylococcus aureus