title: Dendritic-cell immunotherapy: from ex vivo loading to in vivo targeting.
abstract: The realization that dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses has stimulated research on harnessing DCs to create more effective vaccines. Early clinical trials exploring autologous DCs that were loaded with antigens ex vivo to induce T-cell responses have provided proof of principle. Here, we discuss how direct targeting of antigens to DC surface receptors in vivo might replace laborious and expensive ex vivo culturing, and facilitate large-scale application of DC-based vaccination therapies.
authors.affiliation: Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Tumour Immunology, Postbox 9101, Nijmegen, 6500HB, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Tacken
authors.forename: I Jolanda M
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Ruurd
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Torensma
authors.forename: Carl G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Figdor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D045142:Cross-Priming; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods; D014612:Vaccines
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D014612:Vaccines