title: Coactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases affects the response of tumor cells to targeted therapies.
abstract: Targeted therapies that inhibit receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and the downstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway have shown promising anticancer activity, but their efficacy in the brain tumor glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and other solid tumors has been modest. We hypothesized that multiple RTKs are coactivated in these tumors and that redundant inputs drive and maintain downstream signaling, thereby limiting the efficacy of therapies targeting single RTKs. Tumor cell lines, xenotransplants, and primary tumors indeed show multiple concomitantly activated RTKs. Combinations of RTK inhibitors and/or RNA interference, but not single agents, decreased signaling, cell survival, and anchorage-independent growth even in glioma cells deficient in PTEN, a frequently inactivated inhibitor of PI3K. Thus, effective GBM therapy may require combined regimens targeting multiple RTKs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Jayne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stommel
authors.forename: Alec C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Kimmelman
authors.forename: Haoqiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Roustem
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nabioullin
authors.forename: Aditya H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Ponugoti
authors.forename: Ruprecht
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wiedemeyer
authors.forename: Alexander H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Stegh
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bradner
authors.forename: Keith L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Ligon
authors.forename: Cameron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Ronald A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: DePinho
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C478479:((3Z)-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-((3,5-dimethyl-4-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)-N-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-5-sulfonamide); D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007211:Indoles; D010879:Piperazines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011799:Quinazolines; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D066246:ErbB Receptors; C491743:MET protein, human; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human