title: Human auditory nerve compound action potentials and long latency responses.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The compound action potential (CAP) is followed by a long latency response (LLR), attributable to the post-auricular musculature. The LLR to one pulse may overlap with the CAP to a subsequent one, contributing to the clinically observed reduction in CAP at high pulse rates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure refractory and other influences on CAPs in humans and guinea pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  CAPs were obtained from humans using trans-tympanic and extra-tympanic electrocochleography and from anaesthetized guinea pigs. Stimuli were single pulses presented at a slow rate, pairs of pulses, and 100 ms pulse trains where the inter-pulse interval alternated between 4 and 6 ms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For single pulses, the CAP shape was similar across species. For pairs of pulses, the CAP to the second pulse was smaller than that to the first, and decreased with increasing inter-pulse interval in a way that was similar across species. For pulse trains, CAPs were observed in response to each pulse in the train for the guinea pigs, but not for humans. For both filtered and unfiltered single pulses, there was a large LLR in humans, but not in guinea pigs, with peaks at latencies of 10-12 and 20-25 ms. Posture affected the LLR in a way consistent with the post-auricular response.
authors.affiliation: MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahendran
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bleeck
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Baguley
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Axon
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Carlyon
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001300:Audiometry, Evoked Response; D003056:Cochlear Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D013997:Time Factors