title: Evaluation of bone mineral density in children with hemophilia: Mansoura University children hospital (MUCH) experience, Mansoura, Egypt.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with hemophilia may be at risk for developing reduced bone mineral density (BMD) for a number of reasons such as recurrent hemoarthrosis and immobilization.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the BMD in children with hemophilia and to correlate BMD with findings regarding the joint disease (hemophilic arthropathy).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty hemophilic patients aged 4.97 +/- 3.64 years and 30 control healthy individuals (without joint disease) aged 5.09 +/- 3.64 years were selected from the hematology unit and outpatient clinic of MUCH respectively. Anthropometric measurements were carried out in all cases. Z-score was used for weight, height, and body mass index (BMI). Joint evaluation for hemophilic patients and controls was done using Colorado PE-0.5: Half point instrument before using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). DEXA scanning was performed in all hemophilic patients and controls focusing on L2-L4 vertebrae.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between hemophilic patients and controls as regard anthropometric measurements and their Z-score. There was a significant difference between hemophilic patients and controls as regard BMD and BMD Z-score (mean +/- SD) (BMD: 0.48 +/- 0.13 gm/m(2) for hemophilic patients vs. 0.55 +/- 0.14 gm/m(2) for control, p = 0.05, BMD Z-score: - 0.68 +/- 0.44 for hemophilic patients vs. 0.19 +/- 0.14 for controls p = 0.003). There was a significant difference between severe hemophilic patients (factor level assay less than 1%) and controls as regard BMD and BMD Z-score (BMD: 0.41 +/- 0.15 gm/m(2) for hemophilic patients vs. 0.55 +/- 0.14 gm/m(2) for controls, p = 0.01, BND Z-score: - 1.49 +/- 0.12 for hemophilic patients vs. 0.19 +/- 0.14 for controls p = 0.001). Also, in hemophilic patients, there was an inverse significant correlation between total joint evaluation scores and BMD Z-score (r = - 0.365, p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with hemophilia may have reduced BMD compared with age- and gender-matched controls. This reduction in BMD was independent of differences in age and body size. Children with more established hemophilic arthropathy exhibited the lowest BMD and BMD Z-score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) Early detection of osteopenic hemophilic children using DEXA scanning, (2) bisphosphonates plus calcium for hemophilic children with reduced BMD, (3) evaluation of the effect of on demand vs. prophylaxis replacement therapy in hemophilic patients on BMD and hemophilic arthropathy.
authors.affiliation: Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University children's hospital, Masnoura, Egypt. nabeelabdelrazik2003@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nabil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abdelrazik
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reda
authors.forename: Magdy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Ziny
authors.forename: Hala
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rabea
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D015519:Bone Density; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004534:Egypt; D006395:Hemarthrosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant