title: Association of body mass index with response and survival in men with metastatic prostate cancer: Southwest Oncology Group trials 8894 and 9916.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the effect of body mass index on prostate specific antigen response, and progression-free and overall survival in men with androgen dependent or androgen independent metastatic prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the prognostic impact of body mass index in patient cohorts from phase III randomized studies coordinated by the Southwest Oncology Group. The first study included 1,006 men treated with androgen deprivation for metastatic prostate cancer. The second study included 671 patients treated with chemotherapy for metastatic, androgen independent prostate cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among men with androgen dependent disease, higher body mass index was associated with longer overall (p <0.001) and progression-free (p = 0.009) survival, as well as with an increased likelihood of achieving a prostate specific antigen nadir less than 4 ng/ml (p = 0.008). In multivariate analysis adjusting for risk factors, increasing body mass index was positively correlated with overall survival (p <0.01) and overweight but not obese patients (body mass index 27 to 29.9) had a significantly improved outcome compared to normal weight patients, with hazard ratios for risk of progression and death of 0.82 (95% CI 0.69, 0.98) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.63, 0.89), respectively. Among men with androgen independent prostate cancer, no clear association could be detected between body mass index and progression-free survival, overall survival or prostate specific antigen response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed higher body mass index to be associated with better overall and progression-free survival in patients with androgen dependent metastatic prostate cancer. Among men who had androgen independent disease, no significant association was found between body mass index and survival.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington and Southwest Oncology Group Statistical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA. rbmontgo@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: R Bruce
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tangen
authors.forename: Maha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Petrylak
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: E David
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Crawford
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005485:Flutamide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015206:Southwestern United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005485:Flutamide; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen