title: Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism with increased risk for oral cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In light to recently found contribution of factors associated with thrombosis and inflammation to carcinogenesis, we investigated the possible association of angiotensin I- converting enzyme (ACE) with increased risk for oral cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  In DNA samples of 160 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and 153 healthy controls of comparable ethnicity, age and sex, we studied the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the ACE gene, which affects its transcription.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The I allele frequencies were significantly increased in patients compared to controls, 40.6% versus 27.5% (p < 0.001), respectively. The II homozygotes had a three-fold greater risk for developing oral cancer (odds ratio 3.17, 95% C.I. 1.32-7.61). A significant increase of I alleles was observed in patients regardless their smoking or alcohol consumption habits, early or advanced stage of cancer, presence or absence of a family history for cancer or thrombophilia (Fischer values p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the I/D polymorphism, by affecting the ACE gene expression, is associated with the progress of oral oncogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Athens Medical School, Vas. Sofias 93 & Dim. Soutsou 1, Athens 11521, Greece. lvairakt@med.uoa.gr
authors.forename: Eleftherios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vairaktaris
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yapijakis
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsigris
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vassiliou
authors.forename: Spyridoula
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Derka
authors.forename: Emeka
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nkenke
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spyridonidou
authors.forename: Antonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vylliotis
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vorris
authors.forename: Vasilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ragos
authors.forename: Friedrich W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Neukam
authors.forename: Efstratios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Patsouris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D005858:Germany; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A