title: Effect of metal type and surface treatment on in vitro tensile strength of copings cemented to minimally retentive preparations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to the potential lack of ideal preparation form, the type of alloy and its surface pretreatment may have clinically relevant correlations with the retentive strength of castings to minimally retentive preparations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of alloy type and surface pretreatments of base and noble metal copings on their tensile strength to minimally retentive preparations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Minimally retentive, standardized crown preparations were made on recently extracted human third molars (n=68). Noble (IPS d.SIGN 53) and base metal (Rexillium NBF) copings were fabricated. All copings received heat treatment for oxide formation. Three experimental groups were then developed for each metal type (groups ranging from 10 to 12 specimens each): oxide only, airborne-particle abraded, or metal-primed. Copings were cemented using a self-adhesive universal resin cement (RelyX Unicem) and were thermal cycled (500 cycles between 5 and 55 degrees C) and stored (24 hours, 37 degrees C) before debonding using a universal testing machine. Frequency of debond location was compared among specimen groups. A 2-way ANOVA was used to test for interaction between the metal type and surface treatment, and, if no significant interaction was found, to test the main effects for metal type and surface treatment (alpha=.05). A multinomial logit model using the likelihood ratio test was used to describe the effect of metal type and surface treatment on failure site location (alpha=.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2-way ANOVA indicated no significant influence of any factor on debond load: metal type (P=.885), surface treatment (P=.555), or their interaction (P=.644). The multinomial logit statistical model showed that noble metals and metal primers significantly (P<.05) shifted debond failures to occur more frequently at the resin/tooth interface or within the tooth itself.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither metal type nor surface pretreatment affected bond strength. However, alloy type and surface treatment affected site of debond location. (J Prosthet Dent 2007;98:199-207).
authors.affiliation: Oral Rehabilitation Department, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. aabreu@mcg.edu
authors.forename: Amara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Loza
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.forename: Siuli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
authors.forename: Frederick A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Rueggeberg
mesh_terms: D020906:Air Abrasion, Dental; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003442:Crowns; D003722:Dental Alloys; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D016015:Logistic Models; D008689:Methacrylates; D008964:Molar, Third; D010087:Oxides; D019279:Resin Cements; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013871:Thiones; D019231:Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: C521707:Alloy Primer; D003722:Dental Alloys; D008689:Methacrylates; D010087:Oxides; C483701:Rely X Unicem; D019279:Resin Cements; D013871:Thiones