title: [The surgery voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy with the Provox system].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Comparison the voice quality of patients after total laryngectomy using the Provox 2 voice prosthesis and patients with esophageal speech and to discuss difficulties and complications related with its implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consists of 39 patients after total laryngectomy and Provox puncture. 36 patients underwent primary puncture, 3 patients - secondary puncture. 32 patients underwent radiotherapy. The time starting of speech learning was approx the 9th day after total laryngectomy and 1st-3th day after secondary implantation. The authors subjectively and objectively analyzed voice of 34 patients with fistular speech and it compared with esophageal speech of 10. The spectrograms analysis of the voice was based on Remacle's scale. The study showed juxtaposition of early and late complications of patients with voice prostheses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  90% of patients (35 patients) learned the fistular speech. The speech was louder and more intelligible than esophageal voice in subjective estimation. The fistular voice had higher of mean volume (61,1 dB vs. 59 dB), mean longer maximum phonation time (9,5 s vs. 2,2 s), mean higher base frequency FO (108 Hz vs. 87Hz) and smaller variability of FO based on mean Jitter ratio (3,8% vs. 6,6%), mean Shimmer ratio (23,18% vs. 23,52%) and mean HPQ ratio (127,34 vs. 141,73) than esophageal voice in objective estimation. Mean range of frequency of the speech was smaller but it was in higher frequencies. The most frequent type of spectrogram was 3th type in experimental group and 2nd type in control group. The mean lifetime of prostheses was 295 days. The most common cause of replacement of the prosthesis was leakage associated with mycosis infection (26 cases). Early complications were observed. The most frequent of them was infection around the fistula during supplementary radiotherapy (7 cases after primary puncture). The most frequent of later complications was widening of fistula and leakage around prosthesis (4 cases).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rehabilitation of patients after total laryngectomy is better using Provox system than learning esophageal speech (according to voice quality aspect). Using of voice prostheses in patients after total laryngectomy can combine with appearance of complications.
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Klinika Otolaryngologii Collegium Medicum im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy. robert9383167@o2.pl
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bilewicz
authors.forename: Pawel K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Burduk
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kopczyhiski
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wierzchowska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D007825:Laryngectomy / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D007831:Larynx, Artificial; D008875:Middle Aged; D009181:Mycoses / Q000209:etiology; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D011677:Punctures / Q000009:adverse effects; D012092:Replantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013065:Speech Intelligibility / Q000145:classification; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D013070:Speech Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D013072:Speech, Esophageal; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014833:Voice Quality; D014834:Voice Training