title: MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) assessment in the evaluation of normal and abnormal fetal kidneys: preliminary experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping with the measurement of renal tissue ADC value of normal and pathological fetal kidneys at various gestational ages (GAs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty pregnant women underwent magnetic resonance images (MRI) after ultrasound (US) for suspected fetal genitourinary disorders (16) or for suspected disorders in other organs (34). A multiplanar study of urinary system was obtained by using conventional T2-weighted sequences and echo planar imaging (EPI); Diffusion-weighted images and ADC maps were evaluated. The renal tissue ADC value was measured for all normal and abnormal fetuses and related to GA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MRI confirmed urinary anomalies in 15 fetuses [2 renal developmental variants, 2 nephropathies, 4 multicystic dysplastic kidneys (MCDK), 7 renal tract dilatations] and detected normal kidneys in the remaining 35 fetuses. Normal renal parenchyma showed bright signal on diffusion-weighted images with ADC values ranging from 1,065 to 1,327 microm(2)/s with a tendency to decrease over GA. A pathological ADC was detected in cases of bilateral MCDK, huge dilatations and in cases of nephropathies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with ADC mapping can be used in the evaluation of fetal renal parenchyma and may become a tool of assessing function of the fetal kidney by means of measurement of renal tissue ADC values.
authors.affiliation: UMBERTO I hospital-LA SAPIENZA University of Rome, Radiological Sciences, Italy. sarasavelli@hotmail.it
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Savelli
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Maurizio
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perrone
authors.forename: Jacopo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tesei
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Francioso
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angeletti
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: La Barbera
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ballesio
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Felice
authors.forename: Lucio Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Porfiri
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Manganaro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005333:Fetus; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D012044:Regression Analysis