title: End-of-life issues for aboriginal patients: a literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand some of the cross-cultural issues in providing palliative care to aboriginal patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE (1966 to 2005), CINAHL, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and the Aboriginal Health Collection at the University of Manitoba were searched. Studies were selected based on their focus on both general cross-cultural caregiving and, in particular, end-of-life decision making and treatment. Only 39 relevant articles were found, half of which were opinion pieces by experienced nonaboriginal professionals; 14 were qualitative research projects from nursing and anthropologic perspectives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients are unique. Some cultural differences might arise when providing palliative care to aboriginal patients, who value individual respect along with family and community. Involvement of family and community members in decision making around end-of-life issues is common. Aboriginal cultures often have different approaches to telling bad news and maintaining hope for patients. Use of interpreters and various communication styles add to the challenge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cultural differences exist between medical caregivers and aboriginal patients. These include different assumptions and expectations about how communication should occur, who should be involved, and the pace of decision making. Aboriginal patients might value indirect communication, use of silence, and sharing information and decision making with family and community members.
authors.affiliation: lkelly@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: Len
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Alana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minty
mesh_terms: D001293:Attitude to Death; D001315:Australia; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003469:Culture; D003657:Decision Making; D005195:Family Relations; D006117:Grief; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007802:Language; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000379:methods; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000379:methods*; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000941:ethics