title: Intervention for lateral /s/ using electropalatography (EPG) biofeedback and an intensive motor learning approach: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Visual biofeedback using electropalatography (EPG) has been beneficial in the treatment of some cases of lateral /s/ misarticulation. While EPG intervention is motorically based, studies have not commonly employed a motor learning approach to treatment. Furthermore, treatment success is measured primarily by change to EPG tongue-palate contact patterns and listener ratings conducted by speech-language therapists. Studies have not commonly measured articulatory change without the palate in-situ using acoustic analysis and non-professional listeners.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if an intensive treatment programme including both visual biofeedback (EPG) and traditional articulation techniques within a motor learning paradigm would result in functional improvement to /s/ articulation in an 11-year-old girl with persistent lateral misarticulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment involved 12 sessions of therapist-delivered treatment over 4 weeks followed by a 6-week home programme. Outcomes of the treatment programme were measured primarily using naive listener ratings and acoustic analysis of /s/ spectra.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvements to both the perceptual and spectral characteristics of /s/ articulation occurred following the treatment programme.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study highlighted the benefit of an intensive approach to intervention incorporating both visual biofeedback and traditional articulation approaches. The inclusion of a 6-week structured home-programme was beneficial and resulted in consolidation of treatment gains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Disorders, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. megan.mcauliffe@canterbury.ac.nz
authors.forename: Megan J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McAuliffe
authors.forename: Petrea L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Cornwell
mesh_terms: D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009068:Movement; D021362:Palate, Hard; D013070:Speech Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014059:Tongue / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome