title: [Determination of factor Xa inhibition doses of low-molecular heparin, nadroparin and reviparin in urological patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The inhibition of factor Xa (FX) by the use of low-molecular heparin (LMH) is important clinical procedure in patients with moderate and high risk for the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and pulmonary embolism (PE). The aim of this study was to determine the level of inhibition of FXa by the use of prophylactic doses of LMH nadroparin-calcium and reviparine-sodium which were applied in urological patients with moderate risk for VTE and PE.
  
  
  METHODS
  The examination included 80 urological patients divided into 4 groups after urological, uroradiological and anesthesiological preoperative preparation and categorization of anesthesiological risk according to the ASA III classification. The first two groups, of 20 patients each, received the recommended doses of LMH in accordance with the preoperative risk, and an inhibition of FXa 48 hours after the surgical operation and four hours after the administration of LMH was determined. Heptest and homogenous anti-Xa test were used for monitoring of FXa inhibition. Since the obtained anti Xa values were not satisfactory, two more groups were formed and given double the recommended doses. In these new groups, inhibition of FXa was in recommended range. Standard descriptive statistical parameters were used for describing the characteristics of the people from the formed groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the patients examined were clinically estimated as patients of moderate risk, for VTE and PE. There were no statistically significant difference in body weight of the patients who received nadroparin-calcium 0.3 ml and reviparine sodium 0.25 ml and those who received their double doses, respectively. The level of FXa inhibition in the group in which the dose of nadroparin-calcium of 0.6 ml was applied was statistically significantly higher than in the group which received the dose of 0.3 ml (Mann-Whitney U test: Z = 5.416; p < 0.0001). The level of FXa in the group given reviparine-sodium 0.5 ml was significantly higher than in the group which received the half of this dose (Mann Whitney U test: Z = 5.416; p < 0.0001). This research did not confirm a statistically significant difference in the levels of FXa inhibition in patients who received nadroparincalcium as VTE and PE prophylaxis in the dose of 0.6 ml and those who received reviparin-sodium 0.5 ml (in two doses of 0.25 ml) (Mann-Whitney U test: Z = 0.163; p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to biochemical monitoring, the recommended doses of LMH are insufficient for the prophylactic inhibition of FXa in urological patients with moderate risk for VTE and PE, so the higher doses which inhibit FXa are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Klinicki centar Nic, Klinika za urologiju, 18 000 Nis, Srbija. drsvetlana2004@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pavlović
authors.forename: Sladana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zivković
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koraćević
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D017762:Nadroparin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D017762:Nadroparin; C094240:reviparin