title: Contribution of neighbourhood socioeconomic status and physical activity resources to physical activity among women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Residence in a deprived neighbourhood is associated with lower rates of physical activity. Little is known about the manifestation of deprivation that mediates this relationship. This study aimed to investigate whether access to physical activity resources mediated the relationship between neighbourhood socioeconomic status and physical activity among women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individual data from women participating in the Stanford Heart Disease Prevention Program (1979-90) were linked to census and archival data from existing records. Multilevel regression models were examined for energy expenditure and moderate and vigorous physical activity as reported in physical activity recalls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After accounting for individual-level socioeconomic status, women who lived in lower-socioeconomic status neighbourhoods reported greater energy expenditure, but undertook less moderate physical activity, than women in moderate-socioeconomic status neighbourhoods. In contrast, women living in higher-socioeconomic status neighbourhoods reported more vigorous physical activity than women in moderate-socioeconomic status neighbourhoods. Although availability of physical activity resources did not appear to mediate any neighbourhood socioeconomic status associations, several significant interactions emerged, suggesting that women with low income or who live in lower-socioeconomic status neighbourhoods may differentially benefit from greater physical activity resource availability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although we found expected relationships between residence in a lower-socioeconomic status neighbourhood and undertaking less moderate or vigorous physical activity among women, we also found that these same women reported greater overall energy expenditure, perhaps as a result of greater work or travel demands. Greater availability of physical activity resources nearby appears to differentially benefit women living in lower-socioeconomic status neighbourhoods and low-income women, having implications for policy-making and planning.
authors.affiliation: Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Garrison Gym 104E, Houston, TX 77204, USA. releephd@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Rebecca E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cubbin
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Winkleby
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002140:California; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D020446:Fitness Centers / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008498:Medical Record Linkage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors