title: Resolving a zoological mystery: the kouprey is a real species.
abstract: The kouprey is a rare and enigmatic forest ox discovered by scientists in Cambodia only in 1937. Numerous morphological hypotheses have been proposed for the origin of the kouprey: that it is a species closely related to banteng and gaur, two other wild oxen of southeast Asia; a morphologically divergent species placed in a separate genus, named Novibos; a wild species linked to aurochs and domestic cattle; a vicariant population of banteng; a feral cattle; or a hybrid of banteng with either zebu cattle, gaur or water buffalo. In a recent paper, which gained a lot of media coverage, Galbreath et al. analysed mitochondrial DNA sequences and concluded that the kouprey never existed as a wild, natural species, and that it was a feral hybrid between banteng and zebu cattle. Here we analyse eight DNA markers-three mitochondrial regions and five nuclear fragments-representing an alignment of 4582 nucleotides for the holotype of the kouprey and all related species. Our results demonstrate that the kouprey is a real and naturally occurring species, and show that Cambodian populations of banteng acquired a mitochondrial genome of kouprey by natural introgressive hybridization during the Pleistocene epoch.
authors.affiliation: UMR 5202, Origine, Structure et Evolution de Biodiversité, Département Systématique et Evolution, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Case postale No 51, 55, rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. hassanin@mnhn.fr
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hassanin
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ropiquet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012418:Ruminants / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D004247:DNA