title: Prostate biopsy in Switzerland: a representative survey on how Swiss urologists do it.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The procedure of prostate biopsy is often performed but has not been standardized. Therefore, a survey of all urologists in Switzerland was carried out to investigate indications, patient preparation and technique with regard to transrectal prostate biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was mailed to all 178 urologists working in Switzerland, either as self-employed urologists (SEUs) or as employed urologists at a hospital (EUHs), i.e. a teaching centre.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The questionnaire was returned by 133 urologists (75%). Eighty-seven of the respondents (65%) are SEUs and 46 (35%) work as EUHs. If digital rectal examination (DRE) raises suspicion of cancer, 129 urologists perform a biopsy. A serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 4 ng/ml is used as a cut-off value by 84% of respondents (SEUs 83%, EUHs 87%). A fluoroquinolone antibiotic is prescribed by 126 of the respondents. Fifty-nine percent of respondents (SEUs 52%, EUHs 72%) are offering periprostatic injection of a local anaesthetic drug. At the initial biopsy, 24% of respondents (SEUs 30%, EUHs 13%) obtain six cores, 45% (SEUs 37%, EUHs 61%) 8-10 and 17% (SEUs 18%, EUHs 15%) > or =12. The subsequent procedure performed after two negative biopsy sessions varies considerably.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This survey provides an insight into the practice pattern of urologists in Switzerland concerning prostate biopsy. For almost all urologists, a positive DRE is an indication for prostate biopsy. The majority use a serum PSA level of 4 ng/ml as a cut-off value. A fluoroquinolone is the antibiotic of choice. Periprostatic nerve block is the commonest form of anaesthesia. Most urologists take 8-10 cores per biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland. thomas.leippold@kssg.ch
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leippold
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Preusser
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Engeler
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Inhelder
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Schmid
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007325:Institutional Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011331:Private Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D013557:Switzerland
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen