title: Prediction of onset of crystallization from experimental relaxation times. II. Comparison between predicted and experimental onset times.
abstract: Given a good correlation between onsets of crystallization and mobility above T(g), one might be able to predict crystallization onsets at a temperature of interest far below T(g) from this correlation and measurement of mobility at a temperature below T(g). Such predictions require that: (a) correlation between crystallization onset and mobility is the same above and below T(g), and (b) techniques used to measure mobility above and below T(g) measure the same kind of mobility [(b) demonstrated previously using dielectric and calorimetric techniques]. The objective of present work is to determine whether crystallization onset times couple with relaxation times determined above T(g), and if so to verify predictions made below T(g) (from data above T(g)) with experimental data. Model compounds were indomethacin, ketoconazole, flopropione, nifedipine, and felodipine. Onsets of crystallization measured above T(g) were coupled with dielectric mobility for indomethacin, felodipine, and flopropione. Prediction of crystallization onset times for temperatures below T(g) matched well with experimental data for indomethacin (25 degrees C, 35 degrees C: Predicted 473, 95 h;
  
  
  METHODS
  624 +/- 158, 139 +/- 49 h) and flopropione (35 degrees C, 40 degrees C; Predicted 115, 58 h;
  
  
  METHODS
  96 +/- 30, 59 +/- 10 h). The data suggests that coupling between crystallization onsets and molecular mobility at temperatures above T(g) may be exploited to develop stability testing protocol for crystallization from amorphous state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors.forename: Chandan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bhugra
authors.forename: Rama
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shmeis
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Krill
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pikal
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002151:Calorimetry; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003460:Crystallization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005544:Forecasting; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000737:chemistry; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000737:chemistry; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization; D008956:Models, Chemical; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D009543:Nifedipine; D007654:Ketoconazole; D007213:Indomethacin