title: Brief Intervention in Type 1 diabetes - Education for Self-efficacy (BITES): Protocol for a randomised control trial to assess biophysical and psychological effectiveness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self management is the cornerstone of effective preventive care in diabetes. Educational interventions that provide self-management skills for people with diabetes have been shown to reduce blood glucose concentrations. This in turn has the potential to reduce rates of complications. However, evidence to support type, quantity, setting and mode of delivery of self-management education is sparse.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the biophysical and psychological effectiveness of a brief psycho-educational intervention for type 1 diabetes in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multidisciplinary specialist diabetes centre.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our hypothesis was that the brief (2.5-day) intervention would be biophysically and psychologically effective for people with type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A brief psycho-educational intervention for type 1 diabetes developed by a multi-professional team comprising of a consultant diabetologist, a diabetes specialist nurse, a specialist diabetes dietician and a clinical health psychologist and delivered in 20 hours over 2.5 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  HbA1c and severe hypoglycaemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood pressure, weight, height, lipid profile and composite psychometric scales.
  
  
  METHODS
  We shall consent and recruit 120 subjects with postal invitations sent to eligible participants. Volunteers are to be seen at randomisation clinics where independent researcher verify eligibility and obtain consent. We shall randomise 60 to BITES and 60 to standard care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Type 1 diabetes for longer than 12 months, multiple injection therapy for at least two months, minimum age of 18 and ability to read and write.Randomisation: An independent evaluator to block randomise (block-size = 6), to intervention or control groups using sealed envelopes in strict ascendant order. Control group will receive standard care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PARTICIPANTS in both groups would attend unblinded assessments at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months, in addition to their usual care. After the intervention, usual care would be provided.Ethics approval: York Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 01/08/016) approved the study protocol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We hope the trial will demonstrate feasibility of a pragmatic randomised trial of BITES and help quantify therapeutic effect. A follow up multi-centre trial powered to detect this effect could provide further evidence.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN75807800.
authors.affiliation: Dept, of Diabetes, York Hospital, York, UK. drjtgeorge@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Jyothis T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Abel Peña
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Valdovinos
authors.forename: Jonathan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Thow
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dromgoole
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lomax
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Torgerson
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wells