title: Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on clinical and immunological response and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients with moderate periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the local efficacy of nonsurgical periodontal therapy between type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients and the effect of periodontal therapy on glycaemic control.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  A complex two-way relationship exists between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  After selection, 20 subjects (10 diabetic and 10 non-diabetic) underwent baseline examination, periodontal clinical study and biochemical analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). After the pre-treatment phase, subgingival scaling and root planing were performed. Subsequently, all subjects continued the maintenance programme and were re-examined at 3 and 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetic and non-diabetic subjects responded well after therapy, showing a very similar progression during the follow-up period. Both groups showed clinically and immunologically significant improvements. Significant reductions were also found in the total volume of GCF and levels of interleukin-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Diabetic subjects showed an improvement in their metabolic control. The change in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1C)) was statistically significant at 3 and 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical and immunological improvements obtained were accompanied by a significant reduction in HbA(1C) values in type 2 diabetic subjects. Larger studies are needed to confirm this finding and establish whether periodontal therapy has a significant effect on glycaemic control.
authors.affiliation: Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana Belén
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Navarro-Sanchez
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Faria-Almeida
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bascones-Martinez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D012534:Dental Scaling; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D016745:Root Planing; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha