title: Do all non-calcified echogenic renal lesions found on ultrasound need further evaluation with CT?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This is a study using Evidence Based Practice (EBP) technique to evaluate if non-calcified renal lesions detected with ultrasound, suspected to represent an angiomyolipoma (AML), need a CT to rule out a renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The secondary and primary literature were searched for all relevant information. This was appraised for validity and strength. The results from the papers with the highest level of evidence were grouped together and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three papers in the primary literature constituted the highest level of evidence. In total these three papers examined 220 lesions. The prevalence of AML was 45% in this sample. Overall, hyperechoic non-calcified renal lesions had a sensitivity of 0.99 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-1.00), a specificity of 0.43 (95% CI 0.34-0.51), a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.58 and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.98 for AMLs. 57.4% of RCCs were hyperechoic to renal parenchyma. Two of the studies found that posterior acoustic shadowing had a sensitivity of 0.34 (95% CI 0.40-0.56) and a specificity of 1.0 (95% CI 1.0-1.0) for AML.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the surprisingly limited evidence available in the literature, it must be concluded that all non-calcified echogenic renal lesions detected with ultrasound need a CT to rule out an RCC.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, St. James's Hospital, James's Street, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland. farrellycormac@gmail.com
authors.forename: Cormac
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farrelly
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.forename: Ronan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: Dermot
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malone
mesh_terms: D018207:Angiomyolipoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography