title: Diagnosis-specific sick leave as a risk marker for disability pension in a Swedish population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate diagnosis-specific sick leave as a risk marker for subsequent disability pension.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective population based cohort study. Exposure to a new medically certified sick leave episode of more than seven days by diagnosis during 1985 was examined in relation to incident cause-specific disability pension through 1996.
  
  
  METHODS
  The total non-retired population of one Swedish county aged 16 to 49 years, alive and not in receipt of a disability pension at the end of 1985 (176 629 persons; 51% men).
  
  
  RESULTS
  To eliminate confounding by sick leaves that translate into a disability pension, the follow up period for disability pension was started five years after the assessment of sick leave. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, the risk of disability pension from mental disorders was 14.1 times higher (95% confidence interval (CI), 12.1 to 16.4) for those with sick leave for mental disorders than for those with no sick leave. The corresponding hazard ratio for sick leave and disability pension within diagnostic category was 5.7 (95% CI, 5.3 to 6.2) for musculoskeletal diseases and 13.0 (7.7 to 21.8) for gastrointestinal diseases. Irrespective of diagnoses, the hazard ratio for sick leave and disability pension was 3.0 (2.9 to 3.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sick leave may provide an important risk marker for identifying groups at high risk of a disability pension, especially for psychiatric diagnoses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, UK. m.kivimaki@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kivimäki
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ferrie
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hagberg
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Head
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Westerlund
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vahtera
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alexanderson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010415:Pensions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology