title: Clusters of cognitive and behavioral disorders clearly distinguish primary progressive aphasia from frontal lobe dementia, and Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Frontal lobe dementia (FLD) and primary nonfluent progressive aphasia (PnPA) are two forms of frontotemporal lobe degeneration. The relationship between these conditions remains unclear. Our study aimed to better define the behavioral and cognitive clusters characterizing PnPA patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We cognitively and behaviorally evaluated three groups of newly diagnosed patients affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD, n=20), FLD (n=22) and PnPA (n=10), in order to assess the cognitive-behavioral pattern of PnPA, compared to both FLD and AD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found, as expected, worse performances in episodic memory in AD, of both the verbal fluency and naming tasks in PnPA, while FLD mainly showed behavioral disorders associated with an unremarkable deficit in the executive tasks. PnPA was not characterized by any significant behavioral disorders. Factor analysis-extracted three main factors ('mnesic', 'behavioral' and 'linguistic') clearly correlated to each group. A discriminant analysis based on the extracted factors correctly classified 84.6% of all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evidence of a characteristics cognitive profile, without any significant behavioral changes, highlights that PnPA is different from other forms of frontotemporal lobe degeneration regarding both the cognitive and behavioral patterns; thus, it should be considered independently in further studies.
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology Service of the Catholic University of Rome, Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy. cmarra@rm.unicatt.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marra
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Quaranta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zinno
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Misciagna
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bizzarro
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Masullo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daniele
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gainotti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018888:Aphasia, Primary Progressive / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D001284:Atrophy; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011340:Problem Solving; D012660:Semantics; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D014705:Verbal Behavior