title: Efficacy of nitazoxanide against experimental cryptosporidiosis in goat neonates.
abstract: Preliminary results obtained in mice, rats and piglets experimentally infected with Cryptosporidium sp have indicated a partial prophylactic or curative efficacy of nitazoxanide when administered between 50 and 250 mg/kg BW. In this study, the efficacy of nitazoxanide was evaluated in goat neonates experimentally infected with Cryptosporidium sp oocysts. Forty-seven 2- to 4-day-old kids were experimentally infected once on day 0 with 10(6) Cryptosporidium oocysts isolated from a dead kid, and allocated to three groups. Group 1 acted as control untreated group, group 2 received nitazoxanide for 8 days from day -1 to day 6 at a daily dose rate of 200 mg/kg BW, group 3 received nitazoxanide for 7 days from day 2 to day 8 at 100 mg/kg BW. Individual oocyst shedding was monitored by daily examination of faecal smears stained by carbol fuchsin and scored semi-quantitatively (zero to four). The other criteria included for nitazoxanide evaluation were weight gain and mortality. In the control group, oocyst shedding that started 3 days post-inoculation (PI) was maximal 6-7 days PI (mean scores ranging from 1.69 to 1.94) and became undetectable from day 16 PI. In group 2, oocyst shedding started 1 day later, peaked 9-11 days PI (1.33 to 1.5) and vanished day 18 PI. In group 3, results were similar to those of group 1 except for the mean scores ranging from 1.0 to 1.58. No significant difference was seen for weight gains between groups. Five kids died in group 1 as well as in group 3, whereas seven kids died in group 2. An acute toxicity of nitazoxanide was suspected as soon as the first 2 days of treatment.
authors.affiliation: AFSSA site de NIORT, Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches Caprines, 60 rue de Pied de Fond, B.P. 3081, 79012, Niort Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Viel
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rocques
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chartier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D006041:Goats; D008297:Male; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D013844:Thiazoles; C041747:nitazoxanide