title: Effects of as-cast and wrought Cobalt-Chrome-Molybdenum and Titanium-Aluminium-Vanadium alloys on cytokine gene expression and protein secretion in J774A.1 macrophages.
abstract: Insertion of metal implants is associated with a possible change in the delicate balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory proteins, probably leading to an unfavourable predominantly pro-inflammatory milieu. The most likely cause is an inappropriate activation of macrophages in close relation to the metal implant and wear-products. The aim of the present study was to compare surfaces of as-cast and wrought Cobalt-Chrome-Molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloys and Titanium-Aluminium-Vanadium (TiAlV) alloy when incubated with mouse macrophage J774A.1 cell cultures. Changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-10) and proteins known to induce proliferation (M-CSF), chemotaxis (MCP-1) and osteogenesis (TGF-beta, OPG) were determined by ELISA and Real Time reverse transcriptase - PCR (Real Time rt-PCR). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured in the medium to asses the cell viability. Surface properties of the discs were characterised with a profilometer and with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. We here report, for the first time, that the prosthetic material surface (non-phagocytable) of as-cast high carbon CoCrMo reduces the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 transcription, the chemokine MCP-1 secretion, and M-CSF secretion by 77%, 36%, and 62%, respectively. Furthermore, we found that reducing surface roughness did not affect this reduction. The results suggest that as-cast CoCrMo alloy is more inert than wrought CoCrMo and wrought TiAlV alloys and could prove to be a superior implant material generating less inflammation which might result in less osteolysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. Stig.Jakobsen@ki.au.dk
authors.forename: Stig S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jakobsen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stoltenberg
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bruun
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soballe
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000535:Aluminum / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002858:Chromium Alloys / Q000494:pharmacology; D003035:Cobalt / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000494:pharmacology; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology; D014639:Vanadium / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D002858:Chromium Alloys; D016207:Cytokines; D011506:Proteins; D014639:Vanadium; D003035:Cobalt; D008982:Molybdenum; D000535:Aluminum; D014025:Titanium