title: Population differences in the International Multi-Centre ADHD Gene Project.
abstract: The International Multi-Centre ADHD Gene sample consists of 674 families from eight countries (Belgium, England, Germany, Holland, Ireland, Israel, Spain, and Switzerland) ascertained from clinics for combined-type attention definity hyperactivity disorder in an offspring. 863 SNPs were successfully genotyped across 47 autosomal genes implicated in psychiatric disorders yielding a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density of approximately one SNP per 2.5 kb. A global test of heterogeneity showed 269 SNPs nominally significant (expected 43). Inclusion of the Israeli population accounted for approximately 70% of these nominally significant tests. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests suggest that combining all these populations would induce stratification, but that the Northern European populations (Belgium, England, Germany, Holland, and Ireland) could be appropriate. Tag SNPs were generated using pair-wise and aggressive tagging from Carlson et al. [2004] and de Bakker et al. [2005], respectively, in each population and applied to the other populations. Cross-population performance across Northern Europe was consistent with within population comparisons. Smaller sample size for each population tended to yield more problems for the generation of aggressive tags and the application of pair-wise tags. Any case-control sample employing an Israeli sample with Northern Europeans must consider stratification. A Northern European tag set, however, appears to be appropriate for capturing the variation across populations.
authors.affiliation: MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK. b.neale@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Neale
authors.forename: Pak C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Sham
authors.forename: Shaun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Purcell
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Banaschewski
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buitelaar
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Edmund
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sonuga-Barke
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ebstein
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.forename: Aisling
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mulligan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Manor
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mulas
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Oades
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roeyers
authors.forename: Aribert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rothenberger
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sergeant
authors.forename: Hans-Christoph
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Steinhausen
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Wai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kaixin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Asherson
authors.forename: Stephen V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Faraone
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D007557:Israel; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers