title: Impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis in streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adult neurogenesis in dentate gyrus (DG) is an evolutionarily preserved trait in most mammals examined thus far. Neuronal proliferation and subsequent integration of new neurons into the hippocampal circuit are regulated processes that can have profound effects on an animal's behaviour. A streptozotocin model of type I diabetes, characterized by low insulin and high plasma glucose levels, affects not only body's overall metabolism but also brain activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neurogenesis was measured within the DG of the hippocampus using immunohistochemical markers Ki67, Doublecortin, Calbindin (CaBP) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell proliferation, measured with the endogenous marker Ki67, was reduced by 45%, and cell survival, measured with BrdU, was reduced by 64% of the control. Combined effects on proliferation and survival produced dramatically lower neuronal production. Among the surviving cells only 33% matured normally as judged by the co-labelling of BrdU and CaBP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Such a reduction lowered the number of surviving cells with neuronal phenotype by over 80% of the control values and this is expected to cause a significant functional impairment of learning and memory in diabetic animals. These results may shed light on causes of diabetic neuropathology and provide an explanation for the memory deficiencies seen in some diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
authors.forename: W-J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y-F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: J T Y
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vranic
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wojtowicz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000963:Antimetabolites / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D064026:Calbindins; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G / Q000378:metabolism; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000963:Antimetabolites; D064026:Calbindins; C000714848:Dcx protein, rat; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; D013311:Streptozocin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine