title: Longitudinal grey-matter and glutamatergic losses in first-episode schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Progressive volumetric changes in the brains of people with schizophrenia have been attributed to a number of factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether glutamatergic changes in patients with schizophrenia correlated with grey-matter losses during the first years of illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Left anterior cingulate and thalamic glutamatergic metabolite levels and grey-matter volumes were examined in 16 patients with first-episode schizophrenia before and after 10 months and 30 months of antipsychotic treatment and in 16 healthy participants on two occasions 30 months apart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher than normal glutamine levels were found in the anterior cingulate and thalamus of never-treated patients. Thalamic levels of glutamine were significantly reduced after 30 months. Limited grey-matter reductions were seen in patients at 10 months followed by widespread grey-matter loss at 30 months. Parietal and temporal lobe grey-matter loss was correlated with thalamic glutamine loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated glutamine levels in never-treated patients followed by decreased thalamic glutamine and grey-matter loss in connected regions could indicate either neurodegeneration or a plastic response to reduced subcortical activity.
authors: St Joseph's Health Care, Nuclear Medicine and MR, Room B5-233, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada. jtheberge@lawsonimaging.ca
authors: Jean
authors: J
authors: Théberge
authors: Kate E
authors: KE
authors: Williamson
authors: Naoko
authors: N
authors: Aoyama
authors: Dick J
authors: DJ
authors: Drost
authors: Rahul
authors: R
authors: Manchanda
authors: Ashok K
authors: AK
authors: Malla
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Northcott
authors: Ravi S
authors: RS
authors: Menon
authors: Richard W J
authors: RW
authors: Neufeld
authors: Nagalingam
authors: N
authors: Rajakumar
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Pavlosky
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Densmore
authors: Betsy
authors: B
authors: Schaefer
authors: Peter C
authors: PC
authors: Williamson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology*; D013788:Thalamus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D018698:Glutamic Acid