title: Genotypic resistance mutations in treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients under widespread use of antiretroviral drugs in Thailand: implications for further epidemiologic surveillance.
abstract: The aims of this study were to illustrate the prevalence and determinants of mutations associated with antiretroviral drug resistance in a group of antiretroviral-naive and treatment-experienced patients in Thailand, where antiretroviral drugs are widely used. One hundred and thirteen treatment-naive (92 CRF01_AE and 21 subtype B patients) and 1,709 treatment-experienced patients were recruited. Genotypic resistance to antiretroviral drugs was studied by sequencing the isolated viruses. Mutation frequencies in treatment-naive patients were reported along with those for treatment-experienced patients. The results showed that all of the patients with treatment-experienced patients showed the same pattern of genotypic resistance. The results also showed that only 14 drug-naive patients (12.4%) carried HIV-1, with at least one drug-resistant mutation. Moreover, four drug-naive patients were found to carry the marker mutations for transmission of drug resistance. The most commonly found marker in drug-naive patients was M36I/V/L (n=90, 81.1%), which is a common natural polymorphism among HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE individuals. In order to prevent the rapid emergence of resistant virus strains, a national program to monitor antiretroviral drug resistance should be established. We also recommend routine genotypic testing in treatment-naive patients before starting antiretroviral therapy to prevent subtherapeutic response and viral failure.
authors: Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: Chonlaphat
authors: C
authors: Sukasem
authors: Vina
authors: V
authors: Churdboonchart
authors: Kanjana
authors: K
authors: Sirisidthi
authors: Suda
authors: S
authors: Riengrojpitak
authors: Sanchai
authors: S
authors: Chasombat
authors: Chotip
authors: C
authors: Watitpun
authors: Wantanich
authors: W
authors: Piroj
authors: Montip
authors: M
authors: Tiensuwan
authors: Wasun
authors: W
authors: Chantratita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001483:Base Sequence; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D019450:Genes, MDR; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents