title: Genetics of obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to review and update advances in genetics of obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis and interpretation of recent investigations about regulating the energy balance as well as about gene-nutrient interactions and current nutri-genomic research methods. BACKGROUND AND MAIN STATEMENTS: Obesity results from a long-term positive energy balance. However, its rising prevalence in developed and developing societies must reflect lifestyle changes, since genetic susceptibility remains stable over many generations. Like most complex diseases, obesity derives from a failure of adequate homoeostasis within the physiological system controlling body weight. The identification of genes that are involved in syndromic, monogenic and polygenic obesity has seriously improved our knowledge of body weight regulation. This disorder may arise from a deregulation at the genetic level (e.g. gene transcription or altered protein function) or environmental exposure (e.g. diet, physical activity, etc.).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In practice, obesity involves the interaction between genetic and environmental factors.
authors: Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. jalfmtz@unav.es
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Alfredo Martínez
authors: Alfredo
authors: A
authors: Martínez-Hernández
authors: Luís
authors: L
authors: Enríquez
authors: María Jesús
authors: MJ
authors: Moreno-Aliaga
authors: María Jesús
authors: MJ
authors: Moreno-Moreno
authors: Amelia
authors: A
authors: Martí
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D054647:Nutrigenomics; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D015995:Prevalence