Chemotherapy-related change in cognitive function: a conceptual model.
OBJECTIVE
To develop a conceptual model of chemotherapy-related changes in cognitive function.


METHODS
MEDLINE, CINAHL, HealthStar, and PsycINFO databases.


RESULTS
Patients undergoing chemotherapy often complain of forgetfulness, absentmindedness, and an inability to focus when performing a variety of daily tasks. Changes in cognitive function have been referred to by the colloquial term "chemo-brain." The authors conducted an examination of the literature to investigate relationships among concepts and to synthesize current knowledge.


CONCLUSIONS
Cognitive function, defined as higher-order mental processes, may be altered along two distinct and interacting pathways: (a) the cancer diagnosis, which can lead to anxiety, stress, distress, and depression; and (b) the direct physiologic effects of cancer treatment. The Chemotherapy-Related Change in Cognitive Function conceptual model is informed by a review of literature that illustrates antecedents, moderators, mediators, and consequences that may be relevant to this issue.


CONCLUSIONS
When a patient presents with cognitive complaints, the problems can be evaluated for intervention when an overall understanding exists of chemotherapy-related cognitive changes based on a conceptual model that continues to be informed through well-conceptualized and well-designed research.
Hess
Lisa M
LM
The College of Medicine, the Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson.
Insel
Kathleen C
KC
D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D009626:Terminology as Topic
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents