title: Histidine cycle mechanism for the concerted proton/electron transfer from ascorbate to the cytosolic haem b centre of cytochrome b561: a unique machinery for the biological transmembrane electron transfer.
abstract: Cytochromes b(561) are a family of transmembrane proteins found in most eukaryotic cells and contain two haem b prosthetic groups per molecule being coordinated with four His residues from four different transmembrane alpha-helices. Although cytochromes b(561) residing in the chromaffin vesicles has long been known to have a role for a neuroendocrine-specific transmembrane electron transfer from extravesicular ascorbate to intravesicular monodehydroascorbate radical to regenerate ascorbate, newly found members were apparently lacking in the sequence for putative ascorbate-binding site but exhibiting a transmembrane ferrireductase activity. We propose that cytochrome b(561) has a specific mechanism to facilitate the concerted proton/electron transfer from ascorbate by exploiting a cycle of deprotonated and protonated states of the N(delta1) atom of the axial His residue at the extravesicular haem center, as an initial step of the transmembrane electron transfer. This mechanism utilizes the well-known electrochemistry of ascorbate for a biological transmembrane electron transfer and might be operative for other type of electron transfer reactions from organic reductants.
authors: Department of Molecular Science and Material Engineering, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
authors: Nobuyuki
authors: N
authors: Nakanishi
authors: Fusako
authors: F
authors: Takeuchi
authors: Motonari
authors: M
authors: Tsubaki
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D019439:Chromaffin Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D003573:Cytochrome b Group / Q000737:chemistry*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004579:Electron Transport; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006418:Heme / Q000737:chemistry*; D006639:Histidine / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011522:Protons; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D003573:Cytochrome b Group; D005609:Free Radicals; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011522:Protons; C023646:cytochrome b561; D006418:Heme; D006639:Histidine; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; C023927:monodehydroascorbate reductase (NADH); D001205:Ascorbic Acid