title: Pretreatment of cromolyn sodium prior to reperfusion attenuates early reperfusion injury after the small intestine ischemia in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of Cromolyn Sodium (CS) pretreated prior to reperfusion on the activity of intestinal mucosal mast cells (IMMC) and mucous membrane of the small intestine in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury of rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group (group S), model group (group M), high and low dosage of CS groups, (treated with CS 50 mg/kg or 25 mg/kg, group C1 and C2). Intestinal IR damage was induced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 60 min. CS was intravenouly administrated 15 min before reperfusion. Ultrastructure and counts of IMMC, intestinal structure, the expression of tryptase, levels of malondisldehyde (MDA), TNF-alpha, histamine and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the small intestine were detected at the end of experiment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The degranulation of IMMC was seen in group M and was attenuated by CS treatment. Chiu's score of group M was higher than the other groups. CS could attenuate the up-regulation of the Chiu's score, the levels of MDA, TNF-alpha, and expression of tryptase and the down-regulation of SOD activity and histamine concentration. The Chiu's score and MDA content were negatively correlated, while SOD activity was positively correlated to the histamine concentration respectively in the IR groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreated of CS prior to reperfusion protects the small intestine mucous from ischemia-reperfusion damage, the mechanism is inhibited IMMC from degranulation.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China. heiziqing0530@hotmail.com
authors: Zi-Qing
authors: ZQ
authors: Hei
authors: Xiao-Liang
authors: XL
authors: Gan
authors: Gang-Jian
authors: GJ
authors: Luo
authors: Shang-Rong
authors: SR
authors: Li
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Cai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006632:Histamine / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D053802:Tryptases / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006632:Histamine; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D053802:Tryptases; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium