title: Chymase inhibition reduces the progression to heart failure after autoimmune myocarditis in rats.
abstract: Chymase has been known as a local angiotensin II-generating enzyme in the cardiovascular system in dogs, monkeys, hamsters, and humans; however, recently it was reported that chymase also has various other functions. Therefore, we decided to examine whether the inhibition of chymase improves disease conditions associated with the pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy in rats and its possible mechanism of action as rat chymase is unable to produce angiotensin II. We examined the effect of TY-51469, a novel chymase inhibitor (0.1 mg/kg/day [group CYI-0.1, n = 15] and 1 mg/kg/day [group CYI-1, n = 15]), in myosin-immunized postmyocarditis rats. Another group of myosin-immunized rats was treated with vehicle (group V, n = 15). Age-matched normal rats without immunization (group N, n = 10) were also included in the study. After 4 weeks of treatment, we evaluated cardiac function; area of fibrosis; fibrogenesis; levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and collagen III; hypertrophy and its marker, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP); and mast cell activity. Survival rate and myocardial functions improved dose-dependently with chymase inhibitor treatment after myosin immunization. A reduction in the percent area of myocardial fibrosis, fibrogenesis, myocardial hypertrophy, and mast cell activity along with a reduction in TGF-beta1, collagen III, and ANP levels in the myocardium were noted in postmyocarditis rats that received chymase inhibitor treatment. The treatment also decreased myocardial aldosterone synthase levels in those animals. Inhibition of chymase reduces the pathogenesis of postmyocarditis dilated cardiomyopathy and progression to heart failure by preventing the pathological remodeling and residual inflammation in rats.
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, 956-8603, Japan.
authors: Suresh S
authors: SS
authors: Palaniyandi
authors: Yusuke
authors: Y
authors: Nagai
authors: Kenichi
authors: K
authors: Watanabe
authors: Meilei
authors: M
authors: Ma
authors: Punniyakoti T
authors: PT
authors: Veeraveedu
authors: Paras
authors: P
authors: Prakash
authors: Fadia A
authors: FA
authors: Kamal
authors: Yuichi
authors: Y
authors: Abe
authors: Ken'ichi
authors: K
authors: Yamaguchi
authors: Hitoshi
authors: H
authors: Tachikawa
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Kodama
authors: Yoshifusa
authors: Y
authors: Aizawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D053818:Chymases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D024061:Collagen Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006632:Histamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D024061:Collagen Type III; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D013449:Sulfonamides; C524344:TY 51469; D013876:Thiophenes; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D019938:Cyclin D1; D006632:Histamine; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D053818:Chymases