Surgery without scars: report of transluminal cholecystectomy in a human being.
OBJECTIVE
Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) provides the potential for performance of incisionless operations. This would break the physical barrier between bodily trauma and surgery, representing an epical revolution in surgery. Our group at IRCAD-EITS (Institut de Recherche contre les Cancers de l'Appareil Digestif [Institute of Digestive Cancer Research]-European Institute of TeleSurgery) has been actively involved in the development of NOTES since 2004 with a dedicated project created to develop feasibility and survival studies and new endoscopic technology.


METHODS
NOTES cholecystectomy in a woman via a transvaginal approach.


METHODS
University hospital. Patient The patient was a 30-year-old woman with symptomatic cholelithiasis.


METHODS
The procedure was carried out by a multidisciplinary team using a standard double-channel flexible videogastroscope and standard endoscopic instruments. The placement of a 2-mm needle port, mandatory to insufflate carbon dioxide and to monitor the pneumoperitoneum, was helpful for further retraction of the gallbladder. At no stage of the procedure was there need for laparoscopic assistance. All of the principles of cholecystectomy were strictly adhered to.


RESULTS
The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient had no postoperative pain and no scars, and was discharged on the second postoperative day.


CONCLUSIONS
Transluminal surgery is feasible and safe. NOTES, a radical shift in the practice and philosophy of interventional treatment, is becoming established and is enormously advantageous to the patient. With its invisible mending and tremendous potential, NOTES might be the next surgical evolution.
Marescaux
Jacques
J
Institut de Recherche contre les Cancers de l'Appareil Digestif-European Institute of TeleSurgery, University Louis Pasteur, 1 place de l'Hôpital-Hôpitaux Universitaires, 67091 Strasbourg Cedex, France. jacques.marescaux@ircad.u-strasbg.fr
Dallemagne
Bernard
B
Perretta
Silvana
S
Wattiez
Arnaud
A
Mutter
Didier
D
Coumaros
Dimitri
D
D000328:Adult; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000601:surgery*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial