title: Effects of the Cottle's maneuver on the nasal valve as assessed by acoustic rhinometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The nasal valve is the narrowest segment of the nasal cavity and plays an essential role in breathing. There has been plenty of discussion in the literature concerning the location and function of the nasal valve. The Cottle's maneuver (CM) is a test in which the cheek on the side to be evaluated is gently pulled laterally with one to two fingers to open the valve. This test is used to determine if the most significant site of nasal obstruction is at the valve or farther inside the nasal cavity. The aim of this study was to determine the dimensional changes caused by the CM in the nose as measured by acoustic rhinometry (AR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight adult volunteers with no nasal symptoms were recruited and their nasal cavities were measured by AR. The measurements were done with and without the CM both before and after decongestion with a mixture of 1:1000 epinephrine and 4% lidocaine in cotton pledgets. The MCA1 and MCA2 and their distances from the nostril, as well as the volume-measured from the zero point to the MCA2 point--were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main effect of the CM was a mean increase in MCA1 by 33% (p = 0.001) and 44% (p < 0.001) before and after decongestion, respectively. The distance of MCA1 increased significantly, because of the CM, by 12% (p = 0.006) before and 7% (p = 0.008) after decongestion. The percentage increases in volume were 33% (p = 0.001) and 44% (p < 0.001), respectively. Decongestion of the nasal mucosa induced a statistically significant (p = 0.001) increase in both MCA1 (by 21%) and MCA2 (by 28%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CM significantly increased MCA1 in AR, and the increase was more evident after decongestion of the nasal mucosa. The changes in MCA2 were nonsignificant. We conclude that the value of the CM in investigating a possible valve insufficiency may be greater if the nose is studied both before and after decongestion of the nasal mucosa.
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. jukka.tikanto@ppshp.fi
authors: Jukka
authors: J
authors: Tikanto
authors: Tapio
authors: T
authors: Pirilä
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D023842:Rhinometry, Acoustic