title: Historical perspective on more than 60 years of hemodialysis access.
abstract: Chronic hemodialysis will likely remain the predominant renal replacement therapy for years to come and vascular access will probably continue as the Achilles heel of hemodialysis. The concept of needle puncture as part of the vascular access method is now well established. This article describes the evolution of vascular access and the AV Fistula needle technique for hemodialysis.
authors: Calvary Hospital Palliative Care Institute, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors: James E
authors: JE
authors: Cimino
mesh_terms: D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000266:history* / Q000628:therapy; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000266:history* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data