title: Cerebral endothelial injury in elderly patients with severe head injury measured by serum thrombomodulin and von Willebrand factor.
abstract: Elevated serum levels of thrombomodulin (TM) and von Willebrand factor (vWf) are good indicators of injury and activation of cerebral endothelium in patients with severe simple head injury. The present study evaluated cerebral endothelial injury or activation as the serum levels of TM and vWf in elderly and younger patients with similar brain trauma, to evaluate the primary parenchymal injury of the brain. Patients with head injury were classified into the young group (16-30 years), the middle-aged group (31-65 years), and the elderly group (over 66 years). There was no difference in Glasgow Coma Scale on admission between the three groups. The serum levels of TM and vWf at 2 hours after injury were significantly higher in the elderly group than in the other groups. However, the serum levels of TM and vWf were not significantly different at 3 and 7 days after injury. Cerebral endothelial activation and injury were significantly higher in elderly patients just after head injury than in younger patients, which suggests that greater sensitivity to endothelial injury and activation may be important in the worse outcome after head injury in elderly patients compared with younger patients.
authors: Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Main Hospital, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Yokota
authors: Takahiro
authors: T
authors: Atsumi
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Araki
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Fuse
authors: Hidetaka
authors: H
authors: Sato
authors: Shigeki
authors: S
authors: Kushimoto
authors: Yuichi
authors: Y
authors: Koido
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Kawai
authors: Yasuhiro
authors: Y
authors: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000097:blood*; D013997:Time Factors; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018180:Thrombomodulin; D014841:von Willebrand Factor