title: 3,3'-diselenodipropionic acid, an efficient peroxyl radical scavenger and a GPx mimic, protects erythrocytes (RBCs) from AAPH-induced hemolysis.
abstract: 3,3'-diselenodipropionic acid (DSePA), a derivative of selenocystine, has been synthesized and examined for antioxidant activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and cytotoxicity. The effect of DSePA on membrane lipid peroxidation, release of hemoglobin, and intracellular K+ ion as a consequence of erythrocyte (red blood cells or RBCs) oxidation by free radicals generated by 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH) were used to evaluate the antioxidant ability. Lipid peroxidation, hemolysis, and K+ ion loss in RBCs were assessed, respectively, by formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), absorbance of hemoglobin at 532 nm and flame photometry. The IC50 values for lipid peroxidation, hemolysis, and K+ ion leakage were 45+/-5, 20+/-2, and 75+/-8 microM, respectively. DSePA treatment prevented the depletion of glutathione (GSH) levels in RBCs from free-radical-induced stress. DSePA is a good peroxyl radical scavenger and the bimolecular rate constant for the reaction of DSePA with a model peroxyl radical, trichloromethyl peroxyl radical (CCl 3O2*), was determined to be 2.7x10(8) M(-1) s(-1) using a pulse radiolysis technique. DSePA shows GPx activity with higher substrate specificity towards peroxides than thiols. The cytotoxicity of DSePA was studied in lymphocytes and EL4 tumor cells and the results showed that DSePA is nontoxic to these cells at the concentrations employed. These results when compared with two well-known selenium compounds, sodium selenite and ebselen, indicated that DSePA, although it shows lesser GPx activity, has higher free radical scavenging ability and lesser toxicity.
authors: Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India.
authors: Amit
authors: A
authors: Kunwar
authors: Beena
authors: B
authors: Mishra
authors: Atanu
authors: A
authors: Barik
authors: Liladhar B
authors: LB
authors: Kumbhare
authors: Ruchi
authors: R
authors: Pandey
authors: Vimal K
authors: VK
authors: Jain
authors: K Indira
authors: KI
authors: Priyadarsini
mesh_terms: D000578:Amidines / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001393:Azoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000633:toxicity; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D054833:Isoindoles; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D010545:Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011422:Propionates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018036:Selenium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018038:Sodium Selenite / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C524945:3,3'-diselenodipropionic acid; D000578:Amidines; D000975:Antioxidants; D001393:Azoles; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D006454:Hemoglobins; D054833:Isoindoles; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D010545:Peroxides; D015221:Potassium Channels; D011422:Propionates; D018036:Selenium Compounds; C049375:perhydroxyl radical; C042986:ebselen; C046728:2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane); D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D018038:Sodium Selenite; D011188:Potassium