title: Bench-to-bedside review: High-mobility group box 1 and critical illness.
abstract: High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA-binding protein that also exhibits proinflammatory cytokine-like activity. HMGB1 is passively released by necrotic cells and also is actively secreted by immunostimulated macrophages, dendritic cells, and enterocytes. Although circulating HMGB1 levels are increased relative to healthy controls in patients with infections and severe sepsis, plasma or serum HMGB1 concentrations do not discriminate reliably between infected and uninfected critically ill patients. Nevertheless, administration of drugs that block HMGB1 secretion or of anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibodies has been shown to ameliorate organ dysfunction and/or improve survival in numerous animal models of critical illness. Because HMGB1 tends to be released relatively late in the inflammatory response (at least in animal models of endotoxemia or sepsis), this protein is an attractive target for the development of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of patients with various forms of critical illness.
authors: Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. fink.mp@logicaltherapeutics.com
authors: Mitchell P
authors: MP
authors: Fink
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy; D024002:HMGB Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D024002:HMGB Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators