title: Association between paracoccidioidomycosis and tuberculosis: reality and misdiagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the frequency of the real association between paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) and tuberculosis (TB) as well as the rate of previous TB misdiagnosis in individuals with PCM among the patients treated in the Pulmonology Division of the State University of Campinas Hospital das Clínicas, Campinas, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of 227 adult patients with PCM (chronic form) treated between 1980 and 2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 227 patients studied, 36 (15.8%) had been previously treated for TB. However, only 18 (7.9%) presented positive sputum smear microscopy results. The remaining 18 (7.9%) neither presented positive sputum smear microscopy nor showed improvement after receiving specific anti-TB treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the existence of an association between PCM and TB has been documented in the literature, misdiagnosis is common due to the superimposition of and the similarity between their clinical and radiographic presentations, thereby warranting the need for bacteriological diagnosis before initiating specific treatment.
authors: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors: Reynaldo
authors: R
authors: Quagliato Júnior
authors: Tiago de Araújo Guerra
authors: Tde A
authors: Grangeia
authors: Reinaldo Alexandre de Carvalho
authors: RA
authors: Massucio
authors: Eduardo Mello
authors: EM
authors: De Capitani
authors: Sílvio de Moraes
authors: Sde M
authors: Rezende
authors: Alípio Barbosa
authors: AB
authors: Balthazar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010228:Paracoccidioides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010229:Paracoccidioidomycosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D000935:Antifungal Agents