Managing HIV peripheral neuropathy.
Peripheral nerve disorders are frequent complications of HIV disease. Distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSP) is the most common peripheral nerve disorder associated with HIV and occurs in over one third of infected patients but may occur in up to 67% if asymptomatic patients are included. Risk factors for DSP include increased age, advanced HIV disease, and history of "d-drugs" or other neurotoxic drugs. The primary manifestations of polyneuropathy are slowly progressive numbness and paresthesias, with burning sensations in the feet usually in a symmetrical pattern. The etiology of HIV-associated DSP is unknown, although neurotoxic effects of cytokines, toxicity of HIV proteins, and mitochondrial damage have been implicated. The current treatment for HIV-associated DSP is symptomatic, with pain modifying medications, including anti-inflammatory agents, opioids, antidepressants, antiepileptics, topical anesthetics, and capsaicin. Sustained virologic control may improve DSP. Novel therapies such as -acetyl-l-carnitine or neurotrophic factors are being studied for treatment of DSP.
Gonzalez-Duarte
Alejandra
A
Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Annenberg 2nd Floor, Box 1052, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Cikurel
Katia
K
Simpson
David M
DM
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents