title: The effect of referral and transfer patients on hospital funding in a capitated health care delivery system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) To investigate whether inpatients referred or transferred between facilities result in increased financial loss compared with those admitted directly, in a health care delivery system funded by capitation methods. (2) To determine whether the higher cost of those patients transferred or referred is fairly compensated by a diagnosis-based risk adjustment system, and whether tertiary care facilities bear an unfair financial burden for such patients in a capitated financing environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study cohort included all Veterans Affairs (VA) beneficiaries who received inpatient care during fiscal year (FY) 2004. Referral was defined as an outpatient visit to 1 facility followed by an admission to another facility. Transfers were consecutive inpatient stays at different hospitals. We defined loss as cost minus the share of budget determined by a Diagnostic Cost Group-based allocation. Both t tests and linear regression were used to compare the effect on cost and loss for patients transferred or not and referred or not.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean loss to a facility for patients transferred in was 1231 dollars more than for those not transferred. Mean loss for referred patients was 3341 dollars more than for those not referred, controlling for disease burden. For tertiary hospitals, the difference in losses for transfer patients was less than for other hospitals but greater for referral patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients referred or transferred from other facilities are more costly than those who are not. The difference may not be compensated by a diagnosis-based allocation system. A capitated health care system may consider additional funding to cover the cost of such patients.
authors: Division of Health Policy and Quality, Houston Center for Quality of Care and Utilization Studies, Veterans Health Affairs, Houston, Texas, USA. kpietz@bcm.tmc.edu
authors: Kenneth
authors: K
authors: Pietz
authors: Margaret M
authors: MM
authors: Byrne
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Daw
authors: Laura A
authors: LA
authors: Petersen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010360:Patient Transfer / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D014481:United States