title: Characterizing 'mild' in traumatic brain injury with proton MR spectroscopy in the thalamus: Initial findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although most mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients suffer any of several post-concussion symptoms suggestive of thalamic involvement, they rarely present with any MRI-visible pathology. The aim here, therefore, is to characterize their thalamic metabolite levels with proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) compared with healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  T1-weighted MRI and multi-voxel 1H-MRS were acquired at 3 Tesla from 20 mTBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15-13) patients, 19-59 years old, 0-7 years post-injury; and from 17 age and gender matched healthy controls. Mixed model regression was used to compare patients and controls with respect to the mean absolute N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho) and creatine (Cr) levels within each thalamus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mTBI-induced thalamic metabolite concentration changes were under +/- 13.0% for NAA, +/- 13.5% for Cr and +/- 18.8% for Cho relative to their corresponding concentrations in the controls: NAA: 10.08 +/- 0.30 (mean +/- standard error), Cr: 5.62 +/- 0.18 and Cho: 2.08 +/- 0.09 mM. These limits represent the minimal detectable differences between the two cohorts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The change in metabolic levels in the thalamus of patients who sustained clinically defined mTBI could be an instrumental characteristic of 'mildness'. 1H-MRS could, therefore, serve as an objective laboratory indicator for differentiating 'mild' from more severe categories of head-trauma, regardless of the presence or lack of current clinical symptoms.
authors: Department of Radiology, New York, USA.
authors: Ivan
authors: I
authors: Kirov
authors: Lazar
authors: L
authors: Fleysher
authors: James S
authors: JS
authors: Babb
authors: Jonathan M
authors: JM
authors: Silver
authors: Robert I
authors: RI
authors: Grossman
authors: Oded
authors: O
authors: Gonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013788:Thalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices
chemical_list: D001224:Aspartic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline