title: Intramuscular injection of sevoflurane detects malignant hyperthermia predisposition in susceptible pigs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors hypothesized that intramuscular sevoflurane injection allows diagnostic differentiation between malignant hyperthermia-susceptible (MHS) and -nonsusceptible (MHN) pigs by measurement of intramuscular lactate and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2), and that dantrolene reduces the sevoflurane-induced PCO2 increase.
  
  
  METHODS
  With approval of the local animal care committee, microdialysis probes with attached microtubing for sevoflurane injection were placed in the adductor muscles of nine MHS and six MHN pigs, and PCO2 probes with microtubing were positioned in the triceps muscle of eight MHS and six MHN pigs. After equilibration, sevoflurane boluses at different concentrations and a sevoflurane-dantrolene bolus were injected synchronously. Lactate, pyruvate, and glucose as well as PCO2 were measured spectrophotometrically, and the rate of PCO2 increase was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intramuscular sevoflurane injection increased local lactate and PCO2 dose dependently, and significantly higher in MHS than in MHN pigs. Measurement of the rate of PCO2 increase allowed a distinct differentiation between single MHS and MHN pigs. No significant increase in PCO2 was found with sevoflurane and dantrolene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local sevoflurane induces a hypermetabolic reaction measured by PCO2 and lactate increases. The reduced PCO2 increase in MHS after sevoflurane and dantrolene injection is likely to be a result of the sevoflurane-mediated calcium release and its antagonism by dantrolene. Sevoflurane may be useful for a less invasive diagnostic test for malignant hyperthermia in humans.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Würzburg, Germany. schuster_f@klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Schuster
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Metterlein
authors: Sabrina
authors: S
authors: Negele
authors: Annegret
authors: A
authors: Gardill
authors: Ulrich
authors: U
authors: Schwemmer
authors: Norbert
authors: N
authors: Roewer
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Anetseder
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D003620:Dantrolene / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006974:Hypertension, Malignant / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017551:Microdialysis; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000494:pharmacology; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000097:blood; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D003620:Dantrolene