title: Use of an indwelling pleural catheter for the management of recurrent chylothorax in patients with cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrent chylothorax is a debilitating condition. We describe the usefulness of an indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) in the palliative management of recurrent symptomatic chylothorax in patients with cancer relapse or progressive disease despite adequate treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 10 years, 5,594 patients underwent 8,498 pleural procedures at our institution. Pleural fluid triglycerides were measured in 1,343 patients; of these patients, 130 had a chylothorax. Their medical records were reviewed. In 19 patients, recurrent symptomatic chylothorax appeared in association with cancer relapse. Treating physicians decided to place an IPC in 10 patients, and 9 patients had other palliative interventions. Baseline and postintervention changes in weight, absolute lymphocyte counts, and albumin levels in both groups were statistically compared. Hazard ratio and Kaplan-Meier curves of time to second pleural intervention after index procedure were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk of requiring a second pleural intervention after the index procedure during the following 500 days was lower in the IPC group compared to the other pleural interventions (p=0.030), and Kaplan-Meier curves of time to second intervention were statistically different (p=0.025). Albumin levels decrease in the IPC group (p=0.007), but the decline was not worse than the decline observed in the control group (p=0.329), and recovered rapidly after IPC removal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placement of an IPC may be considered as first-line palliative management for patients with symptomatic recurrent chylothorax poorly responsive to the treatment of the underlying malignancy.
authors: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 403, Houston, TX 77030, USA. cajimenez@mdanderson.org
authors: Carlos A
authors: CA
authors: Jimenez
authors: Ashwini D
authors: AD
authors: Mhatre
authors: Carlos H
authors: CH
authors: Martinez
authors: Georgie A
authors: GA
authors: Eapen
authors: Amir
authors: A
authors: Onn
authors: Rodolfo C
authors: RC
authors: Morice
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002916:Chylothorax / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D004322:Drainage / Q000295:instrumentation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D010166:Palliative Care; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome