title: Induction of epidermal growth factor receptor expression by Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 C-terminal-activating region 1 is mediated by NF-kappaB p50 homodimer/Bcl-3 complexes.
abstract: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with the development of numerous malignancies, including the epithelial malignancy nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The viral oncoprotein latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is expressed in almost all EBV-associated malignancies and has profound effects on gene expression. LMP1 acts as a constitutively active tumor necrosis factor receptor and activates multiple forms of the NF-kappaB family of transcription factors. LMP1 has two domains that both activate NF-kappaB. In epithelial cells, LMP1 C-terminal activating region 1 (CTAR1) uniquely activates p50/p50-, p50/p52-, and p65-containing complexes while CTAR2 activates canonical p50/p65 complexes. CTAR1 also uniquely upregulates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In NPC, NF-kappaB p50/p50 homodimers and the transactivator Bcl-3 were detected on the EGFR promoter. In this study, the role of NF-kappaB p50 and Bcl-3 in LMP1-mediated upregulation of EGFR was analyzed. In LMP1-CTAR1-expressing cells, chromatin immunoprecipitation detected p50 and Bcl-3 on the NF-kappaB consensus sites within the egfr promoter. Transient overexpression of p50 and Bcl-3 increased EGFR expression, confirming the regulation of EGFR by these factors. Treatment with p105/p50 siRNA effectively reduced p105/p50 levels but unexpectedly increased Bcl-3 expression and levels of p50/Bcl-3 complexes, resulting in increased EGFR expression. These data suggest that induction of p50/p50/Bcl-3 complexes by LMP1 CTAR1 mediates LMP1-induced EGFR upregulation and that formation of the p50/p50/Bcl-3 complex is negatively regulated by the p105 precursor. The distinct forms of NF-kappaB that are induced by LMP1 CTAR1 likely activate distinct cellular genes.
authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors: Natalie J
authors: NJ
authors: Thornburg
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Raab-Traub
mesh_terms: D000081242:B-Cell Lymphoma 3 Protein; D002460:Cell Line; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000081242:B-Cell Lymphoma 3 Protein; C000631344:BCL3 protein, human; C037662:EBV-associated membrane antigen, Epstein-Barr virus; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; D004247:DNA; D066246:ErbB Receptors