title: Anionic lipids activate group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 via distinct and separate mechanisms.
abstract: Previously, ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] were demonstrated to be potent and specific activators of group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2alpha). In this study, we hypothesized that these anionic lipids functionally activated the enzyme by distinctly different mechanisms. Indeed, surface plasmon resonance and surface dilution kinetics demonstrated that C1P was a more potent effector than PI(4,5)P2 in decreasing the dissociation constant of the cPLA2alpha-phosphatidylcholine (PC) interaction and increasing the residence time of the enzyme on the vesicles/micelles. PI(4,5)P2, in contrast to C1P, decreased the Michaelis-Menten constant, increasing the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. Furthermore, PI(4,5)P2 activated cPLA2alpha with a stoichiometry of 1:1 versus C1P at 2.4:1. Lastly, PI(4,5)P2, but not C1P, increased the penetration ability of cPLA2alpha into PC-rich membranes. Therefore, this study demonstrates two distinct mechanisms for the activation of cPLA2alpha by anionic lipids. First, C1P activates cPLA2alpha by increasing the residence time of the enzyme on membranes. Second, PI(4,5)P2 activates the enzyme by increasing catalytic efficiency through increased membrane penetration.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0614, USA.
authors: Preeti
authors: P
authors: Subramanian
authors: Mohsin
authors: M
authors: Vora
authors: Luciana B
authors: LB
authors: Gentile
authors: Robert V
authors: RV
authors: Stahelin
authors: Charles E
authors: CE
authors: Chalfant
mesh_terms: D002518:Ceramides / Q000737:chemistry*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D054513:Group IV Phospholipases A2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007700:Kinetics; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate / Q000737:chemistry*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance
chemical_list: D002518:Ceramides; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C065576:ceramide 1-phosphate; D054513:Group IV Phospholipases A2; C516389:PLA2G4A protein, human