title: Epidemiology of and risk factors for Acinetobacter species bloodstream infection in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acinetobacter species has emerged as an important cause of healthcare-associated bloodstream infections (BSI) in adults. Little is known about development of Acinetobacter spp. BSI in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case-control study was conducted at a tertiary care children's hospital between January 1, 2000 and July 31, 2005. All patients with Acinetobacter spp. BSI (N = 92) were compared with a random sample of patients with non-Acinetobacter spp. Gram-negative rod BSI (N = 156).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acinetobacter spp. were isolated from blood cultures in 7% of the 1269 patients with Gram-negative rod BSI during the study period. The median age of patients with Acinetobacter spp. BSI was 5.4 years (interquartile range 1.8-13.2 years) and 57% were male. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Acinetobacter spp. isolates varied by class: 47% were nonsusceptible to cefotaxime; 3% were nonsusceptible to imipenem; 3% were nonsusceptible to ciprofloxacin. On multivariable analysis, patients with Acinetobacter spp. BSI were significantly more likely to develop their infection in the home setting [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 3.58; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.89-6.79], to be male (adjusted OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.24-4.08), to have a solid malignancy (adjusted OR = 4.23; 95% CI: 2.00-8.95), and to have renal failure (adjusted OR = 5.16; 95% CI: 1.07-24.96).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acinetobacter spp. are an underreported cause of endemic BSI in children. Patients with Acinetobacter spp. BSI are more likely to develop their infection in the home setting compared with patients with BSI caused by other Gram-negative rods.
authors: Division of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors: Shana C
authors: SC
authors: Segal
authors: Theoklis E
authors: TE
authors: Zaoutis
authors: Jessica
authors: J
authors: Kagen
authors: Samir S
authors: SS
authors: Shah
mesh_terms: D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D001769:Blood / Q000382:microbiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents