title: The Eligible study: ultrasound assessment in acute ischemic stroke within 3 hours.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to identify with echo color Doppler ultrasound of the supra-aortic vessels and transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCD) various patterns of vessel occlusion within 3 h from stroke onset, to compare each group defined at the admission with clinical findings and outcome, and to study the recanalization process, independent of therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 89 consecutive patients (mean age 68.9 years). Ultrasound evaluation was done within 3 h from stroke onset, and was repeated at 3-6 and 24-36 h, at day 5, and at 3 months. At admission, patients were divided into the following groups: internal carotid artery occlusions and stenoses (<50%, 50-69%, > or =70%, near occlusion), middle cerebral artery stenoses and occlusions, tandem occlusions and T occlusions. Vascular recanalization in each group was evaluated. Subgroups were compared for NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the outcome measures mortality, Barthel index (BI) and modified Rankin scale (mRS). Favorable outcome was defined as mRS < or =2 and BI > or =90.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each subgroup differed significantly for baseline NIHSS (p < 0.0001), 3-month mortality (p = 0.0235), BI at day 5 (p = 0.0458) and mRS at 3 months (p = 0.0028), even after adjustment for treatment. T and tandem occlusions were the subgroups with the highest NIHSS scores and the poorest outcomes, and the same subgroups had the worst recanalization rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TCCD in the acute setting of stroke patients allows identification of the presence and site of clots, prediction of outcome and study of the dynamic process of vessel recanalization, in both the acute phase and follow-up.
authors: Neurology Department, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Malferrari
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Bertolino
authors: Federica
authors: F
authors: Casoni
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Zini
authors: Vittoria M
authors: VM
authors: Sarra
authors: Sandro
authors: S
authors: Sanguigni
authors: Mauro
authors: M
authors: Pratesi
authors: Piergiorgio
authors: P
authors: Lochner
authors: Lorenzo
authors: L
authors: Coppo
authors: Giulia
authors: G
authors: Brusa
authors: Donata
authors: D
authors: Guidetti
authors: Silvio
authors: S
authors: Cavuto
authors: Norina
authors: N
authors: Marcello
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial