Co-occurrence patterns of anxiety, depression and alcohol use disorders.
Co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms with alcohol consumption/abuse was analyzed in a sample of 2,302 adults in Bahia, Brazil. A cross-sectional household survey collected self-reported information on social and personal health, as well as individual psychological status, with standardized techniques and trained examiners. Twelve-month prevalence was 15% for anxiety, 12% for depressive disorders and 7% for alcohol abuse/ dependence. Symptom co-occurrence was more frequent for depression (94% of cases co-occurring with other diagnoses), followed by anxiety disorders (82%), and alcoholism (only 20%). There was a 74% proportion of anxiety symptoms among depressed, and a 61% proportion of depressed among anxiety sufferers. The combination of depression plus anxiety was the most prevalent in both gender groups, ranging from 17% for women to 5% for men. Comorbid combinations of alcoholism yielded low prevalences, the smallest (around 1%) being the triple combo alcoholism+anxiety+depression. Gender ratios increased substantially in the absence of comorbidity, reaching peaks in depression (F:M ratio = 13.8) and alcoholism (M:F ratio = 11.8). Set component analyses indicate strong overlapping of anxiety and depression and complementarity between depression and alcoholism, modulated by gender (women depressed, men alcoholic).
Almeida-Filho
Naomar
N
Palicio da Reitoria-Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Augusto Vianna, 1 Campus Canela. CEP 40210-070, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. naomarf@ufba.br
Lessa
Ines
I
Magalhães
Lucélia
L
Araúho
Maria Jenny
MJ
Aquino
Estela
E
de Jesus
Mari Jair
MJ
D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011594:Psychometrics; D011897:Random Allocation; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires