title: Neuregulin3 alters cell fate in the epidermis and mammary gland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Neuregulin family of ligands and their receptors, the Erbb tyrosine kinases, have important roles in epidermal and mammary gland development as well as during carcinogenesis. Previously, we demonstrated that Neuregulin3 (Nrg3) is a specification signal for mammary placode formation in mice. Nrg3 is a growth factor, which binds and activates Erbb4, a receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation. To understand the role of Neuregulin3 in epidermal morphogenesis, we have developed a transgenic mouse model that expresses Nrg3 throughout the basal layer (progenitor/stem cell compartment) of mouse epidermis and the outer root sheath of developing hair follicles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transgenic females formed supernumerary nipples and mammary glands along and adjacent to the mammary line providing strong evidence that Nrg3 has a role in the initiation of mammary placodes along the body axis. In addition, alterations in morphogenesis and differentiation of other epidermal appendages were observed, including the hair follicles. The transgenic epidermis is hyperplastic with excessive sebaceous differentiation and shows striking similarities to mouse models in which c-Myc is activated in the basal layer including decreased expression levels of the adhesion receptors, alpha6-integrin and beta1-integrin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the epidermis is sensitive to Nrg3 signaling, and that this growth factor can regulate cell fate of pluripotent epidermal cell populations including that of the mammary gland. Nrg3 appears to act, in part, by inducing c-Myc, altering the proliferation and adhesion properties of the basal epidermis, and may promote exit from the stem cell compartment. The results we describe provide significant insight into how growth factors, such as Nrg3, regulate epidermal homeostasis by influencing the balance between stem cell renewal, lineage selection and differentiation.
authors: The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK. heena.panchal@icr.ac.uk
authors: Heena
authors: H
authors: Panchal
authors: Olivia
authors: O
authors: Wansbury
authors: Suzanne
authors: S
authors: Parry
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: Ashworth
authors: Beatrice
authors: B
authors: Howard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004817:Epidermis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D020880:Neuregulins; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C489428:Myc protein, mouse; D020880:Neuregulins; C108113:Nrg3 protein, mouse; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc