title: Digital NFATc2 activation per cell transforms graded T cell receptor activation into an all-or-none IL-2 expression.
abstract: The expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a key event in T helper (Th) lymphocyte activation, controlling both, the expansion and differentiation of effector Th cells as well as the activation of regulatory T cells. We demonstrate that the strength of TCR stimulation is translated into the frequency of memory Th cells expressing IL-2 but not into the amount of IL-2 per cell. This molecular switch decision for IL-2 expression per cell is located downstream of the cytosolic Ca2+ level. Here we show that in a single activated Th cell, NFATc2 activation is digital but NF-kappaB activation is graded after graded T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Subsequently, NFATc2 translocates into the nucleus in an all-or-none fashion per cell, transforming the strength of TCR-stimulation into the number of nuclei positive for NFATc2 and IL-2 transcription. Thus, the described NFATc2 switch regulates the number of Th cells actively participating in an immune response.
authors: German Rheumatism Research Centre, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Miriam
authors: M
authors: Podtschaske
authors: Uwe
authors: U
authors: Benary
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Zwinger
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Höfer
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Radbruch
authors: Ria
authors: R
authors: Baumgrass
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000378:metabolism; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099192:CD69 Antigens
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D019703:Calcineurin; D002118:Calcium; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015759:Ionomycin; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D016328:NF-kappa B; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D000099192:CD69 Antigens; C494006:NFATC2 protein, human