title: Training retention of Level C personal protective equipment use by emergency medical services personnel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the six-month training retention for out-of-hospital providers donning and doffing Level C personal protective equipment (PPE).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective observational study, 36 out-of-hospital providers enrolled in a paramedic program were trained in Level C (chemical-resistant coverall, butyl gloves, and boots and an air-purifying respirator) PPE use. A standardized training module and checklist of critical actions developed by a hazardous materials (hazmat) technician were used to evaluate donning and doffing. Students were trained until they were able to correctly don and doff the Level C PPE. An investigator used the checklist accompanying the training module to assess proficiency and remediate mistakes. Six months after initial training, the subjects were reassessed using the same investigator and checklist. Errors were designated as either critical (resulted in major self-contamination of the airway, such as early removal of the respirator) or noncritical (potentially resulted in minor self-contamination not involving the airway).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only five subjects (14.3%) were able to don and doff PPE without committing a critical error. The most common critical errors were premature removal of the respirator (65.7%; n = 23) and actions allowing the contaminated suit to touch the body (54.3%; n = 19). The most common noncritical error was possible self-contamination due to the boots not being removed before exposing other body parts (37.1%; n = 13). Of the seven subjects (20%) with additional prior hazmat training, only two donned and doffed PPE without committing a critical error.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retention of proper donning and doffing techniques in paramedic students is poor at six months after initial training. Even in subjects with previous hazmat, firefighter, and emergency medical services training, critical errors were common, suggesting that current training may be inadequate to prevent harmful exposures in emergency medical services personnel working at a hazmat or weapons of mass destruction incident.
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: William E
authors: WE
authors: Northington
authors: G Michael
authors: GM
authors: Mahoney
authors: Michael E
authors: ME
authors: Hahn
authors: Joe
authors: J
authors: Suyama
authors: Dave
authors: D
authors: Hostler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000488:Allied Health Personnel / Q000193:education*; D004517:Education, Professional; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010414:Pennsylvania; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011482:Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012153:Retention, Psychology