title: Topical, residual and ovicidal contact toxicity of three reduced-risk insecticides against the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), on potato.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The goal of the research was to gather efficacy data required to introduce reduced-risk insecticides in sustainable control programs for European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner, on potato.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laboratory tests confirmed that sprays of indoxacarb and novaluron at recommended field rates are as effective as spinosad against neonate larvae of O. nubilalis. However, there is evidence that higher rates would enhance the inhibition of chitin synthesis by novaluron. The three insecticides showed ovilarvicidal activity when applied to O. nubilalis egg masses 2 days prior to black head stage. The ovicidal activity of spinosad and novaluron was almost twice that of indoxacarb. At the recommended field rates, the residues of the three insecticides displayed contact toxicity to O. nubilalis larvae. Spinosad residues 16 h old or less provided the highest immediate (24 h after exposure) contact mortality, followed by indoxacarb and then by novaluron. Also, residues of spinosad had faster contact efficacy than indoxacarb, which had faster efficacy than novaluron.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spinosad, indoxacarb and novaluron have ovicidal properties, which could enhance O. nubilalis management programs. However, the contact residual toxicity is limited in duration and would likely only play a minor role in O. nubilalis control.
authors: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 850 Lincoln Road, PO Box 20280, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. boiteaug@agr.gc.ca
authors: Gilles
authors: G
authors: Boiteau
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Noronha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007300:Insect Control; D007306:Insecticides; D007814:Larva; D018942:Macrolides; D009036:Moths / Q000254:growth & development; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects; D010078:Oxazines; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D018515:Plant Leaves; D018547:Plant Stems; D011198:Solanum tuberosum
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; D010078:Oxazines; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; C401104:indoxacarb; C415329:spinosad; C471805:novaluron