title: Evaluating virulence of waterborne and clinical Aeromonas isolates using gene expression and mortality in neonatal mice followed by assessing cell culture's ability to predict virulence based on transcriptional response.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the virulence of Aeromonas spp. using two models, a neonatal mouse assay and a mouse intestinal cell culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After artificial infection with a variety of Aeromonas spp., mRNA extracts from the two models were processed and hydridized to murine microarrays to determine host gene response. Definition of virulence was determined based on host mRNA production in murine neonatal intestinal tissue and mortality of infected animals. Infections of mouse intestinal cell cultures were then performed to determine whether this simpler model system's mRNA responses correlated to neonatal results and therefore be predictive of virulence of Aeromonas spp. Virulent aeromonads up-regulated transcripts in both models including multiple host defense gene products (chemokines, regulation of transcription and apoptosis and cell signalling). Avirulent species exhibited little or no host response in neonates. Mortality results correlated well with both bacterial dose and average fold change of up-regulated transcripts in the neonatal mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cell culture results were less discriminating but showed promise as potentially being able to be predictive of virulence. Jun oncogene up-regulation in murine cell culture is potentially predictive of Aeromonas virulence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Having the ability to determine virulence of waterborne pathogens quickly would potentially assist public health officials to rapidly assess exposure risks.
authors: USEPA, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Water Supply/Water Resources Division, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA. hayes.sam@epa.gov
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Hayes
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Rodgers
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Lye
authors: G N
authors: GN
authors: Stelma
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: McKinstry
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Malard
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Vesper
mesh_terms: D000333:Aeromonas / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014774:Virulence; D014871:Water Microbiology