title: Extracorporeal magnetic innervation therapy in children with refractory monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of extracorporeal magnetic innervation (ExMI) therapy in children with refractory monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 55 children (34 boys and 21 girls, median age 8.0 years, range 5 to 13) who wetted the bed more than twice per week because of MNE that was refractory to treatment with desmopressin, anticholinergics, and enuretic alarm were assessed prospectively using a voiding diary before and after ExMI, administered once a week for at least 4 weeks with a size-adjusted magnetic chair (each session lasted 20 minutes).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After all sessions of ExMI, the mean frequency of nocturnal enuresis decreased significantly to 2.09 +/- 2.47 in all patients (P = 0.04), and the mean functional bladder capacity increased 1.88 times in all patients (P = 0.00). In total, 63.6% of our patients had a nocturnal enuresis frequency of less than 50% after a mean of 6.62 +/- 4.26 ExMI sessions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From our results, reduced functional bladder capacity might be the main pathophysiologic cause in children with MNE refractory to established treatment. ExMI might have an acute inhibitory effect in these children with refractory MNE by increasing functional bladder capacity. However, long-term follow-up data and controlled study with a sham-stimulation group are necessary to determine the durability of this new therapy for refractory MNE.
authors: Department of Urology, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Seok Ho
authors: SH
authors: Kang
authors: Jae Hyun
authors: JH
authors: Bae
authors: Kang Soo
authors: KS
authors: Shim
authors: Hong Seok
authors: HS
authors: Park
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Cheon
authors: Jung Gu
authors: JG
authors: Lee
authors: Duck Ki
authors: DK
authors: Yoon
authors: Je Jong
authors: JJ
authors: Kim
authors: Du Gun
authors: du G
authors: Moon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D009929:Organ Size; D011446:Prospective Studies; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin