title: Minimally invasive approach for treatment of urinary and fecal incontinence in selected patients with spina bifida.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  At our institution, the use of cecostomy tubes has provided a successful method for managing severe constipation in patients with spina bifida, with good patient and caretaker satisfaction and minimal morbidity. We have developed a modified technique to allow placement of the cecostomy tube under direct vision during laparoscopic appendicovesicostomy. We present our initial experience and technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with a normal bladder capacity and compliance who were scheduled for creation of an appendicovesicostomy and who also had refractory constipation were offered concurrent cecostomy tube placement. At the laparoscopic procedure, we performed percutaneous placement of the cecostomy tube through the abdominal wall under direct visualization. Subsequently, dissection of the appendix with its mesentery was performed. The detrusor muscle was dissected and a trough for the appendix created. Laparoscopic anastomosis of the appendix to the bladder mucosa and approximation of the detrusor over the appendix created a nonrefluxing channel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients have undergone concurrent cecostomy tube placement at appendicovesicostomy. No complications have been encountered thus far. On follow-up, the cecostomy tube scar has been well concealed and appears no different from the ones placed under radiologic guidance. The patients have been using the catheterizable channel to access the bladder and dry performing intermittent catheterization without difficulties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with a neurogenic bladder who do not qualify for major bladder reconstructive procedures, such as augmentation cystoplasty or bladder neck repair, social continence and independence can be achieved with minimally invasive surgery. Concomitant laparoscopic appendicovesicostomy and cecostomy tube placement may be a suitable surgical option.
authors: Division of Urology and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Armando J
authors: AJ
authors: Lorenzo
authors: Peter G
authors: PG
authors: Chait
authors: M Chad
authors: MC
authors: Wallis
authors: Anthony
authors: A
authors: Raikhlin
authors: Walid A
authors: WA
authors: Farhat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D001065:Appendix / Q000601:surgery*; D002431:Cecostomy / Q000295:instrumentation; D002648:Child; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D003559:Cystostomy / Q000379:methods; D004733:Enema / Q000379:methods; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007440:Intubation / Q000379:methods*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008591:Meningomyelocele / Q000150:complications; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D016137:Spina Bifida Cystica / Q000150:complications*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*