title: The role of S100P in the invasion of pancreatic cancer cells is mediated through cytoskeletal changes and regulation of cathepsin D.
abstract: Up-regulation of S100P, a member of the S100 calcium-binding protein family, is an early molecular event in the development of pancreatic cancer and it is expressed at high levels in both precursor lesions and invasive cancer. To gain more insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional roles of this protein, we stably overexpressed S100P in the Panc1 pancreatic cancer cell line and identified the consequent changes in global protein expression by two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis. The observed changes in target proteins were confirmed by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence, whereas their functional effect was investigated using motility and invasion assays. In this study, we have shown that overexpression of S100P led to changes in the expression levels of several cytoskeletal proteins, including cytokeratins 8, 18, and 19. We have also shown disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton network and changes in the phosphorylation status of the actin regulatory protein cofilin. Additionally, we have shown that overexpression of S100P leads to increased expression of another early pancreatic cancer marker, S100A6, as well as the aspartic protease cathepsin D, both of which are involved in cellular invasion. Functional studies showed that the increased invasive potential of S100P-overexpressing cells was at least partially due to the increase in cathepsin D expression. In summary, our data suggest that these changes could contribute to the metastatic spread of pancreatic cancer and may explain the devastating prognosis of this disease.
authors: Centre for Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cancer, Barts, UK.
authors: Hannah J
authors: HJ
authors: Whiteman
authors: Mark E
authors: ME
authors: Weeks
authors: Sally E
authors: SE
authors: Dowen
authors: Sayka
authors: S
authors: Barry
authors: John F
authors: JF
authors: Timms
authors: Nicholas R
authors: NR
authors: Lemoine
authors: Tatjana
authors: T
authors: Crnogorac-Jurcevic
mesh_terms: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002402:Cathepsin D / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000075383:S100 Calcium Binding Protein A6; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000075383:S100 Calcium Binding Protein A6; D009418:S100 Proteins; C103003:S100P protein, human; C055351:S100A6 protein, human; D007633:Keratins; D002402:Cathepsin D