Hepatocyte growth factor and interleukin-6 in combination with prostate volume are possible prostate cancer tumor markers in patients with gray-zone PSA levels.
The aim was to assess whether hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and interleukin (IL)-6 in combination with prostate volume are able to accurately detect prostate cancer in patients with gray-zone prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. A total of 159 patients with PSA levels of <10 ng ml(-1) were enrolled. Forty-two (35.3%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer, whereas 117 (64.7%) had no cancer and were used as benign group. HGF and IL-6 density (HGFD and IL-6D, respectively) values were calculated by dividing serum HGF and IL-6 levels with prostate volume. Median IL-6 (2.3 pg ml(-1)) levels for the prostate cancer group were significantly higher than those for the benign group before adjustment for age (1.7 pg ml(-1)) (P=0.0098). After age adjustments, median IL-6 (2.17 pg ml(-1)), HGFD (0.00972 ng ml(-1) cm(-3)), and IL-6D (0.0848 pg ml(-1) cm(-3)) values for the prostate cancer group were significantly higher than those for the benign group (IL-6, 1.78 pg ml(-1); HGFD, 0.00732 ng/ml/cc; and IL-6D, 0.049 pg/ml/cc; P=0.0416, 0.007 and 0.0005, respectively). In receiver operating characteristic analyses, the areas under the curves for HGFD (0.64) and IL-6D (0.68) were significantly greater than those for HGF (0.52) and IL-6 (0.61) (P=0.0006 and 0.019, respectively). With an HGFD cutoff value of 0.00392 ng ml(-1) cm(-3) (sensitivity=100%, specificity=11%), 11.1% of the benign group were able to avoid unnecessary biopsies without missing prostate cancer. HGF and IL-6 levels in combination with prostate volume were shown to be useful parameters for prostate cancer screening in patients with gray-zone PSA levels.
Nishimura
K
K
Department of Urology, Hyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya Hospital, Nishinomiya, Japan. nkennishi3753@nifty.com
Arichi
N
N
Tokugawa
S
S
Yoshioka
I
I
Namba
Y
Y
Kishikawa
H
H
Takahara
S
S
Ichikawa
Y
Y
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood* / Q000592:standards; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen