title: The influence of epidural volume extension on spinal block with hyperbaric or plain bupivacaine for Caesarean delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Epidural volume extension via a combined spinal-epidural is the enhancement of a small-dose intrathecal block by an epidural injection of physiological saline solution. We evaluated the effect of epidural volume extension on the combined spinal-epidural technique of providing spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section with hyperbaric or plain 0.5% bupivacaine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n = 240) with height >163 cm received 9 mg and patients <163 cm received 8 mg of bupivacaine. Each study drug was combined with 20 mug fentanyl. Using the combined spinal-epidural technique, Group A (n = 60) received hyperbaric bupivacaine, and Group B (n = 60) received hyperbaric bupivacaine and 10 mL saline epidurally 5 min after subarachnoid injection. Group C (n = 60) received plain bupivacaine and Group D (n = 60) received plain bupivacaine and 10 mL saline epidurally 5 min after subarachnoid injection. An anaesthetist blinded to the anaesthetic solution injected examined the level of analgesia by the pinprick method and motor block with the modified Bromage scale for 30 min after subarachnoid injection, during the intraoperative period and subsequently every 15 min for 135 min during the recovery period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time to reach a sensory block at T4 was significantly shorter in Groups C and D than in Groups A (P = 0.003 and 0.017) and B (P = 0.006 and 0.048), respectively. During the intraoperative period, sensory block levels were significantly higher in Group C than in Group A. Recovery was similar in all groups; only onset was faster in Groups C and D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no effect of epidural volume extension on the profile of spinal anaesthesia with the combined spinal-epidural technique for Caesarean section using hyperbaric or plain bupivacaine.
authors: Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Izmir, Turkey.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kucukguclu
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Unlugenc
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Gunenc
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Kuvaki
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Gokmen
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Gunasti
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Guclu
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Yilmaz
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Isik
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001827:Body Height; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine