title: Plant SET- and RING-associated domain proteins in heterochromatinization.
abstract: The heterochromatin of many eukaryotes is marked by both histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation and DNA cytosine methylation. Several studies have revealed links between these two epigenetic markers. The molecular mechanisms involved in establishment of these links, however, remain largely unknown. In plants, H3K9 methylation is primarily carried out by a highly conserved family of proteins that contain SET and SRA (SET- and RING-associated) domains. Here, we show that the SRA-SET domain H3K9 methyltransferase NtSET1, as well as LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1, binds heterochromatin DNA repeats. In the yeast two-hybrid assay, NtSET1 binds the DNA methylcytosine-binding protein VARIANT IN METHYLATION1 (VIM1), which contains conserved PHD, SRA and RING domains. This binding requires either the N-terminus of NtSET1 containing the SRA domain or the C-terminus of NtSET1 containing the SET domain and the PHD domain of VIM1. Consistent with a role in the establishment/maintenance of chromatin structure during cell division, VIM1 transcripts are abundant in actively dividing cells and the VIM1 protein is localized in the nucleus. While null vim1 mutant plants show a normal growth phenotype, transgenic Arabidopsis plants over-expressing VIM1 show inhibition in root growth and delay in flowering. We propose that SRA-SET domain H3K9 methyltransferases associate with the PHD-SRA-RING domain protein VIM1, mutually reinforcing H3K9 and DNA methylation in heterochromatinization.
authors: Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP), Laboratoire Propre du CNRS (UPR 2357) Conventionné Avec l'Université Louis Pasteur Strasbourg 1, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg cédex, France.
authors: Shiming
authors: S
authors: Liu
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Yu
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Ruan
authors: Denise
authors: D
authors: Meyer
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Wolff
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Xu
authors: Ning
authors: N
authors: Wang
authors: Andre
authors: A
authors: Steinmetz
authors: Wen-Hui
authors: WH
authors: Shen
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D002455:Cell Division; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D035264:Flowers / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D006570:Heterochromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D008745:Methylation; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006570:Heterochromatin; D006657:Histones; D010940:Plant Proteins; C518284:VIM1 protein, Arabidopsis; C443901:like heterochromatin protein 1; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase