Theanine, r-glutamylethylamide, increases neurotransmission concentrations and neurotrophin mRNA levels in the brain during lactation.
Theanine (r-glutamylethylamide) is one of the major amino acid components in green tea. Recent studies suggest that theanine affects neurotransmission, especially inhibitory neurotransmission. In this study, we investigated whether theanine affects brain development in infant rats, because inhibitory neurotransmission is required for mature brain function. Mother rats were fed theanine ad libitum after confinement. The body weight gain rate of infants was not different from control infants. We detected theanine in the infant serum and measured neurotransmitter concentration and nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA level in the infant rat brain. Some neurotransmitters, including dopamine, serotonin, glycine and GABA concentration, increased in the infant brain and NGF mRNA level increased in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. However, these differences were lost by the end of nerve maturity. These results suggest that theanine enhanced synthesis of nerve growth factor and neurotransmitters during a nerve maturing period and promoted central nerve system maturation (CNS). Thus, theanine accelerated maturation. In conclusion, theanine may assist in healthy brain function development.
Yamada
Takashi
T
Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, COE Program in the 21st Century and CITY AREA, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka, Japan.
Terashima
Takehiko
T
Wada
Keiko
K
Ueda
Sakiko
S
Ito
Mitsuyo
M
Okubo
Tsutomu
T
Juneja
Lekh Raj
LR
Yokogoshi
Hidehiko
H
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005971:Glutamates / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry
D000596:Amino Acids; D005971:Glutamates; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013662:Tea; C026166:theanine