title: The potential environmental impact of pesticides removed from sprayers during cleaning.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is concern that pesticide residues on the external surfaces of sprayers could have an adverse impact on the environment if they are washed off, yet there is a need to remove these residues for health reasons. The aim of this study was to quantify pesticide residues contained in washings from cleaning discrete parts of a sprayer and to assess their likely environmental impact.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The boom/rear of the sprayer and the spray tank accounted for 80% of the total pesticide load in the washings. Predicted environmental pesticide concentrations from sprayer washings were lower than predictions from the FOCUS surface water model for pesticides used under normal agricultural conditions, although for tebuconazole this difference was smaller than for the other compounds investigated. The field area over which the residues may need to be uniformly deposited to avoid overdosing during infield cleaning was typically less than 0.5 m(2), with a maximum value of 4 m(2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is unlikely that infield cleaning will lead to overdosing. External residues are not insignificant, so any adverse impact on the environment must be mitigated. Appropriate measures include cleaning in the field away from surface waters and other sensitive areas, and cleaning machines over bunded areas or similar.
authors: Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, UK. c.ramwell@csl.gov.uk
authors: Carmel T
authors: CT
authors: Ramwell
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Leak
authors: Simon E
authors: SE
authors: Cooper
authors: William A
authors: WA
authors: Taylor
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D010571:Pest Control / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water