title: Relation between intrauterine growth and subsequent intellectual disability in a ten-year population cohort of children in Western Australia.
abstract: The authors investigated the association between intrauterine growth and intellectual disability (ID). The appropriateness of intrauterine growth was assessed using percentage of optimal birth weight, a measure that accounts for gestational age, maternal height, parity, and infant sex. Using population-based record linkage, singleton Caucasian and Aboriginal children born in Western Australia in 1983-1992 and alive in 2002 with ID of unknown cause (n = 2,625) were compared with children without ID (n = 217,252). The odds of ID increased with less-than-optimal intrauterine growth. In Caucasian children, after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, severe growth restriction was associated with development of mild-moderate ID among preterm births (<37 weeks) (odds ratio (OR) = 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 2.77) and term births (> or =37 weeks) (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.88, 3.12) and with severe ID (OR = 4.79, 95% CI: 2.59, 8.83) among term births. Effects were similar among Aboriginal children. Severe growth restriction (OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.3, 7.9) and poor head growth (OR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.4, 9.0) were independently associated with severe ID. Infants with excess intrauterine growth were more likely to be diagnosed with ID associated with autism spectrum disorder (OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 0.93, 6.03). These findings suggest that inappropriate intrauterine growth, less than or greater than optimal birth weight, is associated with development of ID.
authors: Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, West Perth, Australia. hleonard@ichr.uwa.edu.au
authors: Helen
authors: H
authors: Leonard
authors: Natasha
authors: N
authors: Nassar
authors: Jenny
authors: J
authors: Bourke
authors: Eve
authors: E
authors: Blair
authors: Seonaid
authors: S
authors: Mulroy
authors: Nicholas
authors: N
authors: de Klerk
authors: Carol
authors: C
authors: Bower
mesh_terms: D004185:Disability Evaluation; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016017:Odds Ratio; D019989:Persons with Intellectual Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology