title: The primitive wrist of Homo floresiensis and its implications for hominin evolution.
abstract: Whether the Late Pleistocene hominin fossils from Flores, Indonesia, represent a new species, Homo floresiensis, or pathological modern humans has been debated. Analysis of three wrist bones from the holotype specimen (LB1) shows that it retains wrist morphology that is primitive for the African ape-human clade. In contrast, Neandertals and modern humans share derived wrist morphology that forms during embryogenesis, which diminishes the probability that pathology could result in the normal primitive state. This evidence indicates that LB1 is not a modern human with an undiagnosed pathology or growth defect; rather, it represents a species descended from a hominin ancestor that branched off before the origin of the clade that includes modern humans, Neandertals, and their last common ancestor.
authors: Human Origins Program, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA. tocherim@si.edu
authors: Matthew W
authors: MW
authors: Tocheri
authors: Caley M
authors: CM
authors: Orr
authors: Susan G
authors: SG
authors: Larson
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Sutikna
authors: Jatmiko
authors: E Wahyu
authors: EW
authors: Saptomo
authors: Rokus Awe
authors: RA
authors: Due
authors: Tony
authors: T
authors: Djubiantono
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Morwood
authors: William L
authors: WL
authors: Jungers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005580:Fossils; D015186:Hominidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D014953:Wrist / Q000033:anatomy & histology*