title: Sex differences in quality of life in stroke survivors: data from the Tinzaparin in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Trial (TAIST).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Female sex is predictive of poor functional outcome in stroke, even after correction for prognostic factors. Poor quality of life (QoL) is observed in stroke survivors with lower scores seen in the most disabled patients. We used data from the Tinzaparin in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Trial (TAIST) to assess the relationship between sex and QoL after ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  TAIST was a randomized, controlled trial assessing the safety and efficacy of tinzaparin versus aspirin in 1484 patients with acute ischemic stroke. QoL was measured at 180 days postrandomization using the Short Form-36 health survey, which assesses QoL across 8 domains. The relationship between sex and each domain was assessed using ordinal regression, both unadjusted and adjusted for key prognostic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1484 patients randomized into TAIST, 216 had died at 180 days postrandomization. A total of 1268 survivors were included in this analysis, 694 males (55%) and 574 females (45%). Females tended to score lower than males across all QoL domains (apart from general health); statistically significant lower scores were seen for physical functioning (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.72), vitality (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64 to 0.98), and mental health (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61 to 0.93). The results for physical functioning and mental health remained significant after adjustment for prognostic variables (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.92; OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.95, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  QoL, in particular physical function and mental health domains, is lower in female patients after stroke. This difference persists even after correction for known prognostic factors such as age and stroke severity.
authors: Institute of Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
authors: Laura J
authors: LJ
authors: Gray
authors: Nikola
authors: N
authors: Sprigg
authors: Philip M W
authors: PM
authors: Bath
authors: Gudrun
authors: G
authors: Boysen
authors: Peter Paul
authors: PP
authors: De Deyn
authors: Didier
authors: D
authors: Leys
authors: Desmond
authors: D
authors: O'Neill
authors: E Bernd
authors: EB
authors: Ringelstein
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015996:Survival Rate; D000078222:Tinzaparin; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D000078222:Tinzaparin; D001241:Aspirin