title: Anterior cerebral artery emboli in combined intravenous and intra-arterial rtPA treatment of acute ischemic stroke in the IMS I and II trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) emboli may occur before or during fibrinolytic revascularization of middle cerebral artery (MCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) T occlusions. We sought to determine the incidence and effect of baseline and new embolic ACA occlusions in the Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report forms, pretreatment and posttreatment arteriograms, and CTs from 142 subjects entered into IMS I & II were reviewed to identify subjects with baseline ACA occlusion, new ACA emboli occurring during fibrinolysis, subsequent CT-demonstrated infarction in the ACA distribution, and to evaluate global and lower extremity motor clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During M1/M2 thrombolysis procedures, new ACA embolus occurred in 1 of 60 (1.7%) subjects. Baseline distal emboli were identified in 3 of 20 (15%) T occlusions before intra-arterial (IA) treatment, and new posttreatment distal ACA emboli were identified in 3 subjects. At 24 hours, 8 (32%) T occlusions demonstrated CT-ACA infarct, typically of small volume. Infarcts were less common following sonography microcatheter-assisted thrombolysis compared with standard microcatheter thrombolysis (P = .05). Lower extremity weakness was present in 9 of 10 subjects with ACA embolus/infarct at 24 hours. The modified Rankin 0 to 2 outcomes were achieved in 4 of 25 (16%) subjects with T occlusion overall, but in 0 of 10 subjects with distal ACA emboli or ACA CT infarcts (P = .07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With IV/IA recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment for MCA emboli, new ACA emboli are uncommon events. Distal ACA emboli during T-occlusion thrombolysis are not uncommon, typically lead to small ACA-distribution infarcts, and may limit neurologic recovery.
authors: Clinical Coordinating Center, IMS Studies, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: King
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Khatri
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Carrozella
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Spilker
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Broderick
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Hill
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Tomsick
mesh_terms: D020771:Anterior Cerebral Artery; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator