title: Pulmonary lactate release following cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The etiology of lung injury following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is multifactorial. Our study focused on quantifying the lactate release from the lungs precipitated by extracorporeal circulation at different time points after the insult. This was complemented by an evaluation of the gas exchange at the level of the alveolar-capillary membrane.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty consecutive patients (age 61+/-11 years, EuroScore 4.7+/-2.7) undergoing CABG were prospectively analyzed. The data are presented as medians and the interquartile range.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pulmonary lactate release (PLR) increased from a baseline value of 0.033 (range -0.077 to 0.170) to 0.465 mmol/min/m2 (range 0.113-0.922), which was seen 6h postoperatively (P<0.001). The A-a O2 gradient increased from 12.7 (range 8.8-15) to 39.1 kPa (range 30.3-46.5) upon discontinuation of CPB (P<0.001). The systemic arterial lactate (LS) concentration increased from 1.22 (range 1-1.44) to 3.03 mmol/l (range 2.29-4.76) 6h after surgery (P<0.001). The veno-arterial pCO2 difference (V-A dpCO2) rose from 0.6 (range 0.5-0.9) to 0.9 kPa (range 0.7-1) (P=0.014). The mortality in the studied group was 5% (2/40).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lungs were found to be a significant source of lactate, and this pulmonary lactate flux was accentuated by CPB. The PLR correlated with systemic hyperlactatemia as well as the A-a O2 gradient, and was found to be higher in patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilatory support. The duration of CPB had a significant impact on the systemic lactate concentrations, V-A dpCO2 and the A-a O2 gradient, but not on the PLR.
authors: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Rebro Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. hgasparovic@kbc-zagreb.hr
authors: Hrvoje
authors: H
authors: Gasparovic
authors: Stjepko
authors: S
authors: Plestina
authors: Zeljko
authors: Z
authors: Sutlic
authors: Ino
authors: I
authors: Husedzinovic
authors: Vedran
authors: V
authors: Coric
authors: Visnja
authors: V
authors: Ivancan
authors: Ivan
authors: I
authors: Jelic
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010313:Partial Pressure; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D012121:Respiration, Artificial
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D010100:Oxygen