Variety and total number of food items recorded by a true longitudinal group of urban black South African children at five interceptions between 1995 and 2003: the Birth-to-Twenty (Bt20) Study.
OBJECTIVE
To report on the variety and total number of food items recorded by a true longitudinal group of urban black South African children (n = 143) from the Birth-to-Twenty Study at five interceptions at the ages of 5 (1995), 7 (1997), 9 (1999), 10 (2000) and 13 (2003) years, respectively.


METHODS
Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Frequencies were calculated per week, for each interception and for all five interceptions combined, using SAS.


RESULTS
Five hundred and forty-six different individual food items were recorded 23 480 times for all five interceptions combined. The highest of 124 items was recorded in 1999 contributing 23% of the 546 items recorded. Each of the top 10 items (rice, stiff maize-meal porridge, chicken, sugar, sweets, tea, eggs, full-cream milk, carbonated beverages and oil) contributed between 2.5% and 3% and these items were recorded almost 600 times or more for all interceptions combined (n = 23 840). Rice and stiff maize-meal porridge were the top items recorded 684 and 676 times, both contributing 2.87% and 2.84%, respectively. The variety of food items and the ratio of the food groups to the total number of foods recorded in the present study were not significantly different but the denominators decreased over the five interceptions.


CONCLUSIONS
The variety of food items recorded did not vary between 1995 and 2003 - the fact that new items were not added to the questionnaire as the children grew older could have contributed to this phenomenon. However, there was a difference in the ranking of these items that may suggest a change in eating patterns.
Pedro
Titilola M
TM
MRC/WITS Birth-to-Twenty Research Programme, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa. Jimoh.pedro@wits.ac.za
MacKeown
Jenny M
JM
Norris
Shane A
SA
D000293:Adolescent; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D013019:South Africa; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population