title: CT-guided interstitial HDR brachytherapy for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Long-term results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recurrences of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) within previously irradiated volumes pose a serious therapeutic challenge. This retrospective study evaluates the long-term tumor control of recurrent GBM treated with interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1995 and 2003, 84 patients were treated for recurrent cerebral GBM located within previously irradiated volumes. All patients had received adjuvant external radiotherapy following primary surgery, with a focal dose up to 60 Gy. The median recurrent tumor volume was 51 cm(3) (3-207 cm(3)), and the HDR-BRT consisted of an afterloading (192)Ir implant which delivered a median dose of 40 Gy (30-50 Gy). Catheter implantation was implemented using interactive computed tomography (CT) guidance under local anesthesia and sedoanalgesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median follow-up of 61 months, 5/84 patients (6%) were alive. The median post-BRT survival was 37 weeks, and the median overall survival 78 weeks. Moderate to severe complications occurred in 5/84 cases (6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For patients with recurrences of GBM within previously irradiated volumes, CT-guided interstitial HDR-BRT is a feasible treatment option that can play an important role in providing palliation.
authors: Department of Radiotherapy and Interdisciplinary Oncology, Offenbach Hospital, Germany. ntselis@hotmail.com
authors: Nikolaos
authors: N
authors: Tselis
authors: Christos
authors: C
authors: Kolotas
authors: Gerhard
authors: G
authors: Birn
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Röddiger
authors: Ineza
authors: I
authors: Filipowicz
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Kontova
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Fountzilas
authors: Panayiotis
authors: P
authors: Selviaridis
authors: Dimos
authors: D
authors: Baltas
authors: Reinhard
authors: R
authors: Heyd
authors: Georgios
authors: G
authors: Anagnostopoulos
authors: Nikolaos
authors: N
authors: Zamboglou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes