title: Talker differences in clear and conversational speech: acoustic characteristics of vowels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the specific acoustic changes that underlie improved vowel intelligibility in clear speech.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven acoustic metrics were measured for conversational and clear vowels produced by 12 talkers-6 who previously were found (S. H. Ferguson, 2004) to produce a large clear speech vowel intelligibility effect for listeners with normal hearing identifying vowels in background noise (the big benefit talkers), and 6 who produced no clear speech vowel intelligibility benefit (the no benefit talkers).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For vowel duration and for certain measures of the overall acoustic vowel space, the change from conversational to clear speech was significantly greater for big benefit talkers than for no benefit talkers. For measures of formant dynamics, in contrast, the clear speech effect was similar for the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that acoustic vowel space expansion and large vowel duration increases improve vowel intelligibility. In contrast, changing the dynamic characteristics of vowels seems not to contribute to improved clear speech vowel intelligibility. However, talker variability suggested that improved vowel intelligibility can be achieved using a variety of clear speech strategies, including some apparently not measured here.
authors: Department of Speech-Language-Hearing: Sciences and Disorders, University of Kansas, Dole Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Room 3001, Lawrence, KS 66045-7555, USA. safergus@ku.edu
authors: Sarah Hargus
authors: SH
authors: Ferguson
authors: Diane
authors: D
authors: Kewley-Port
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D010700:Phonetics; D013060:Speech; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013997:Time Factors