title: Posttraumatic stress disorder in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aim to assess the prevalence and severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients who receive long-term hemodialysis (HD) and investigate its correlation with depression, anxiety, health-related quality of life, and service utilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, we recruited 144 HD patients (age, 63.1 +/- 14.2 years; 50.7% men) from 5 dialysis units.
  
  
  METHODS
  PTSD, defined in accordance with criteria of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised and Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physical health, mental health, depression, anxiety, life satisfaction, service utilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Short-Form Health Survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  77.8% of HD patients reported at least 1 traumatic event. The lifetime prevalence for PTSD, independent from trauma type, was 17%. PTSD prevalence only with regard to HD as a potential traumatic event was 10.4%. Women reported more helplessness and more intensive experiences of fear or horror than men with respect to the stressor A criterion. Patients with PTSD showed substantial decreases in mental health in comparison to patients without PTSD (P < 0.01). Additionally, greater depression, anxiety, less life satisfaction, and more service utilization were associated with greater posttraumatic symptoms. There was no correlation of physical health with posttraumatic symptoms. In partial correlation analyses adjusting for depression, associations between posttraumatic symptoms, mental health, and anxiety remained robust.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Generalizability to other settings, absence of control group, study power.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PTSD is common in HD patients, but little work has been done to explore the variables associated with PTSD. Data suggest that PTSD is underdiagnosed and undertreated in HD patients. Interventions should target these patients with the goal to improve well-being and quality of life.
authors: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. sefik.tagay@uni-due.de
authors: Sefik
authors: S
authors: Tagay
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Kribben
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Hohenstein
authors: Ricarda
authors: R
authors: Mewes
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Senf
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology