title: The protective role of Kangen-karyu against fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in a rat model.
abstract: The protective effect of Kangen-karyu extract and its mechanisms against fructose-induced metabolic syndrome have been investigated using a rat model. Male Wistar rats were fed a high fructose (65%) diet or standard chow for one week, and for two subsequent weeks were treated with 50 or 100 mg kg(-1) body weight/day Kangen-karyu extract or vehicle. Serum glucose, glycosylated protein, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, and blood pressure levels of high-fructose-fed rats were increased compared with those of normal rats. However, Kangen-karyu extract ameliorated the high-fructose-induced metabolic syndrome including hyperglycaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia. In addition, the increase of hepatic TG content in rats given the high fructose diet was significantly inhibited with the regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1 expression by Kangen-karyu extract. On the other hand, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and SREBP-2 protein levels were not affected by the feeding of the high fructose diet or Kangen-karyu extract. Moreover, Kangen-karyu extract administration to high-fructose-fed rats markedly reduced the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels in serum, hepatic homogenate, and mitochondria. Furthermore, it inhibited the increase of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 with the regulation of nuclear factorkappa B (NF-kappaB) and bcl-2 proteins in the liver, suggesting that the protective potential of Kangenkaryu extract against metabolic syndrome would be attributed to the regulation of COX-2, NF-kappaB, and bcl-2 signalling pathways. This study indicated that Kangen-karyu extract significantly improved high-fructose-induced metabolic syndrome such as hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, and hypertension through the reductions of TG and cholesterol contents with the regulation of hepatic SREBP-1 protein and the NF-kappaB signalling pathway.
authors: Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. yokozawa@inm.u-toyama.ac.jp
authors: Takako
authors: T
authors: Yokozawa
authors: Hyun Ju
authors: HJ
authors: Kim
authors: Noriko
authors: N
authors: Yamabe
authors: Takuya
authors: T
authors: Okamoto
authors: Eun Ju
authors: EJ
authors: Cho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005632:Fructose; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D000093422:Glycated Serum Proteins
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D001798:Blood Proteins; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D006023:Glycoproteins; C468270:Kangen-karyu; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014280:Triglycerides; D005632:Fructose; D002784:Cholesterol; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D000093422:Glycated Serum Proteins