title: Simultaneous myocardial and fat suppression in magnetic resonance myocardial delayed enhancement imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a method for fat suppression in myocardial delayed enhancement (MDE) studies that achieves effective signal intensity reduction in fat but does not perturb myocardial signal suppression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A new approach to fat suppression that uses a spectrally-selective inversion-recovery (SPEC-IR) tip-up radio frequency (RF) pulse following the conventional nonselective IR RF pulse together with a second SPEC-IR RF pulse is proposed. The tip-up pulse restores the fat longitudinal magnetization after the nonselective IR pulse and allows the fat magnetization to recover more fully toward its equilibrium value, providing for better fat suppression by the second SPEC-IR RF pulse. This new approach was validated in phantom studies and in five patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Effective fat suppression was achieved using the proposed technique with minimal impact on normal myocardial signal suppression. Mean fat suppression achieved using this approach was 67% +/- 8%, as measured in the chest wall immediately opposite the heart.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate this modular-type approach optimizes fat suppression in myocardial delayed enhancement studies but does not perturb the basic IR pulse sequence or change basic acquisition parameters.
authors: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory, GE Global Research, Niskayuna, New York, USA. thomas.foo@research.ge.com
authors: Thomas K F
authors: TK
authors: Foo
authors: Glenn S
authors: GS
authors: Slavin
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Bluemke
authors: Marcela
authors: M
authors: Montequin
authors: Maureen N
authors: MN
authors: Hood
authors: Vincent B
authors: VB
authors: Ho
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008280:Magnetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media