title: Balloon-assisted endoscopic retroperitoneal gasless approach (BERG) for lumbar interbody fusion: is it a valid alternative to the laparoscopic approach?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the last years the use of interbody fusion devices with an anterior spinal lumbar approach has become a common procedure for the treatment of degenerative disc disease and spinal instability. We analysed our series of a simplified endoscopic approach to the anterior spine and made a review of the retroperitoneal endoscopically assisted approach to the anterior lumbar spine in the international literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1999 through 2002, twenty consecutive "balloon-assisted endoscopic retroperitoneal gasless (BERG)" lumbar fusions were performed at San Filippo Neri Hospital in Rome, Italy. The surgical indications included patients with grade I or II spondylolisthesis and symptomatic degenerative disc disease with foraminal stenosis. Fourteen patients underwent a single level fusion (4 cases at L4-L5; 10 cases at L5-S1) and six patients underwent a double level fusion (L4-L5 and L5-S1). Mean operating time was 135 minutes (single level fusion), 175 minutes (double level fusion) and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 177 mL. No perioperative complications were observed and no procedure was converted to open surgical fusion. Patients were allowed to ambulate on the second postoperative day. Fusion was achieved in nineteen patients (fusion rate of 95%) 12 months after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BERG technique is a safe, effective, simplified, less technically demanding alternative approach when performing ALIF procedures, without the morbidity associated with laparoscopic or traditional approaches.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy. robertogazzeri@gmail.com
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Gazzeri
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Tamorri
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Galarza
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Faiola
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Gazzeri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002404:Catheterization; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044583:Neuroendoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome