title: Decreased dopamine transporter availability in male smokers -- a dual isotope SPECT study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the mesolimbic dopaminergic system has been shown to play a role in reinforcing tobacco smoking, results of imaging studies that examine the relationship between tobacco smoking and the central dopamine system remain discrepant. To delineate the role of tobacco addiction in central pre- and post-synaptic dopaminergic activities, we analyzed the central D2-family receptors, the dopamine transporters (DAT), and degrees of dependence in male smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven male smokers and 11 healthy non-smokers were recruited. The striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability was approximated using SPECT and [123 I] IBZM while the DAT availability was approximated using SPECT and [99m Tc] TRODAT-1. All of the smokers completed the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and other related questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A decrease in DAT availability in the striatum of male smokers is noted (p<05). However, the striatal D2/D3 receptor availability in male smokers does not differ from that of non-smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that cigarette smoking may alter central dopamine functions in males, particularly at the pre-synaptic sites.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan. ykyang@mail.ncku.edu.tw
authors: Yen Kuang
authors: YK
authors: Yang
authors: Wei Jen
authors: WJ
authors: Yao
authors: Tzung Lieh
authors: TL
authors: Yeh
authors: I Hui
authors: IH
authors: Lee
authors: Po See
authors: PS
authors: Chen
authors: Ru Band
authors: RB
authors: Lu
authors: Nan Tsing
authors: NT
authors: Chiu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001549:Benzamides / Q000378:metabolism; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D007456:Iodine Isotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000378:metabolism; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014326:Tropanes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D007456:Iodine Isotopes; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D014326:Tropanes; C104196:technetium Tc 99m TRODAT-1; C055743:3-iodo-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-N-((1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)benzamide