title: Defining subphenotypes for oral clefts based on dental development.
abstract: Individuals with clefts present considerably more dental anomalies than do individuals without clefts. We used dental development to subphenotype clefts with the goal of identifying cleft subgroups that could have specific genetic contributions. We examined 1000 individuals, 500 with clefts and 500 without. We used several clinical features, such as cleft completeness or incompleteness, laterality, and the presence of dental anomalies to assess each individual's cleft status. We performed chi-square and Fisher's exact tests to compare the frequencies of observed anomalies between individuals with and individuals without clefts, and among individuals with different cleft subphenotypes. Agenesis of the lateral incisor on the non-cleft side was the most remarkable observation, and may suggest that such cases could be considered incomplete forms of bilateral clefts of the lip.
authors: Department of Oral Biology and Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, 614 Salk Hall, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Letra
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Menezes
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Granjeiro
authors: A R
authors: AR
authors: Vieira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000002:abnormalities; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000145:classification* / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000145:classification* / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000002:abnormalities; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014071:Tooth Abnormalities / Q000209:etiology*