title: Hitting below the belt (bladder): botulinum treatment of urethral and prostate disorders.
abstract: Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has been used to treat urethral and prostatic diseases (off-label uses). Injection of BTX-A into the external sphincter of patients with detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia has been shown to successfully lower postvoid residual volumes and detrusor pressures. Average efficacy is 3 to 4 months, but long-term effects on detrusor leak point pressures or renal function are unknown. Injection of BTX-A into the prostate has shown promising short-term results (< or = 12 months) in improving the symptoms, postvoid residual volumes, maximal urinary flow rates, and prostate sizes in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The mechanisms of action and long-term durability of this treatment modality are unknown. Evidence supporting the use of BTX-A in treating detrusor hypocontractility, pelvic floor dysfunction, postpubovaginal sling retention, urethral stricture, prostatitis, and chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men is preliminary and deserves further evaluation.
authors: H Henry
authors: HH
authors: Lai
authors: Christopher P
authors: CP
authors: Smith
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011379:Prognosis; D011469:Prostatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A