title: Urinary proteome and potential biomarkers associated with serial pathogenesis steps of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a chronic nephropathy showing characteristic glomerular sclerosis. So far, the diagnosis and prognosis of FSGS rely mainly on the invasive biopsy. Searching for potential FSGS-associated urinary biomarkers representing pre-sclerotic and serial sclerotic stages of FSGS could be helpful to the non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of FSGS.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, we used a 2D gel-based proteomic approach to identify urinary proteins at pre-sclerotic and different sclerotic stages of an FSGS mouse model in order to find FSGS-related urinary proteins. The FSGS mouse model was established in Balb/c mice by a single injection of adriamycin, and disease severity was monitored by renal biological parameters and histopathological features. Urine was collected on days 0, 4, 7, 11, 15 and 20, and subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis. Proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and a protein database search. Some of the identified proteins were confirmed by western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 37 urinary proteins showing characteristic patterns of dynamic changes along the disease course of FSGS. Early urinary proteins appearing before glomerular sclerosis were noticed. Importantly, 11 urine proteins are novel to FSGS and have known functions highly associated with different pathogenetic steps of the disease, including haemodynamic disturbance, podocyte apoptosis, ECM-protein deposition and glomerular sclerosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some urinary proteins appearing earlier than glomerular sclerosis could serve as potential early diagnostic biomarkers. The proteins with the pathogenic roles could serve as potential non-invasive prognostic markers of FSGS, and give an insight into pathogenic mechanisms of this sclerosis disease.
authors: Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. haoai@ndmctsgh.edu.tw
authors: Hao-Ai
authors: HA
authors: Shui
authors: Tzu-Hao
authors: TH
authors: Huang
authors: Shuk-Man
authors: SM
authors: Ka
authors: Pei-Hsiu
authors: PH
authors: Chen
authors: Yuh-Feng
authors: YF
authors: Lin
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000652:urine*; D020543:Proteome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020543:Proteome