title: Radiographic measurement of the proximal and distal mechanical joint angles in the canine tibia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a method for radiographic measurement of proximal and distal mechanical joint angles of the canine tibia. Normal ranges were established for a population of dogs, and specifically, Labrador retrievers, with cranial cruciate ligament rupture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tibiae (n=105) of dogs evaluated for cranial cruciate ligament rupture; 70 tibiae were from Labrador retrievers, 35 tibiae were from other breeds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anatomic landmarks were established and craniocaudal radiographs were used to measure the mechanical medial proximal (mMPTA) and distal (mMDTA) tibial angles in the frontal plane.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Means (+/-SD) for all tibiae were mMPTA, 93.30+/-1.78 degrees, and mMDTA, 95.99+/-2.70 degrees. For Labrador retrievers, means were mMPTA, 93.38+/-1.81 degrees, and mMDTA 96.34+/-2.51 degrees. No significant differences were detected between Labrador Retrievers and non-Labrador retrievers with respect to mMPTA (power=0.5) or mMDTA (power=0.342). Labrador Retrievers were significantly younger than non-Labradors (P=.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A method for measurement of the mechanical joint angles of the canine tibia in the frontal plane was established and reference ranges for a population of dogs and Labrador Retrievers with cranial cruciate ligament rupture are reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The established method of measurement and references ranges can be used to aid in diagnosis, determining indications, and surgical planning for angular limb deformities of the tibia, especially when affected bilaterally. The methodology and reference values may also be used for postoperative critique.
authors: Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. dismukesd@missouri.edu
authors: David I
authors: DI
authors: Dismukes
authors: James L
authors: JL
authors: Tomlinson
authors: Derek B
authors: DB
authors: Fox
authors: James L
authors: JL
authors: Cook
authors: Kug Ju Eddie
authors: KJ
authors: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001947:Breeding; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004285:Dogs; D011859:Radiography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012421:Rupture / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D013045:Species Specificity; D013264:Stifle / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries