Cell cycle-dependent induction of autophagy, mitophagy and reticulophagy.
When added to cells, a variety of autophagy inducers that operate through distinct mechanisms and target different organelles for autophagic destruction (mitochondria in mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum in reticulophagy) rarely induce autophagic vacuolization in more than 50% or the cells. Here we show that this heterogeneity may be explained by cell cycle-specific effects. The BH3 mimetic ABT737, lithium, rapamycin, tunicamycin or nutrient depletion stereotypically induce autophagy preferentially in the G(1) and S phases of the cell cycle, as determined by simultaneous monitoring of cell cycle markers and the cytoplasmic aggregation of GFP-LC3 in autophagic vacuoles. These results point to a hitherto neglected crosstalk between autophagic vacuolization and cell cycle regulation.
Tasdemir
Ezgi
E
INSERM, Villejuif, France.
Maiuri
M Chiara
MC
Tajeddine
Nicolas
N
Vitale
Ilio
I
Criollo
Alfredo
A
Vicencio
José Miguel
JM
Hickman
John A
JA
Geneste
Olivier
O
Kroemer
Guido
G
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats