title: Blockade of the chemokine receptor CXCR2 ameliorates adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 may mediate influx of neutrophils in models of acute and chronic inflammation. The potential benefits of oral administration of a CXCR1/2 inhibitor, DF 2162, in adjuvant-induced polyarthritis (AIA) were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A model of AIA in rats was used to compare the therapeutic effects of the treatment with DF2162, anti-TNF or anti-CINC-1 antibodies on joint inflammation and local production of cytokines and chemokines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DF2162 prevented chemotaxis of rat and human neutrophils induced by chemokines acting on CXCR1/2. DF2162 was orally bioavailable and metabolized to two major metabolites. Only metabolite 1 retained CXCR1/2 blocking activity. Treatment with DF2162 (15 mg kg(-1), twice daily) or metabolite 1, but not metabolite 2, starting on day 10 after arthritis induction diminished histological score, the increase in paw volume, neutrophil influx and local production of TNF, IL-1beta, CCL2 and CCL5. The effects of DF2162 were similar to those of anti-TNF, and more effective than those of anti-CINC-1, antibodies. DF2162 prevented disease progression even when started 13 days after arthritis induction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DF 2162, a novel orally-active non-competitive allosteric inhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, significantly ameliorates AIA in rats, an effect quantitatively and qualitatively similar to those of anti-TNF antibody treatment. These findings highlight the contribution of CXCR2 in the pathophysiology of AIA and suggest that blockade of CXCR1/2 may be a valid therapeutic target for further studies aiming at the development of new drugs for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
authors: Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Barsante
authors: T M
authors: TM
authors: Cunha
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Allegretti
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Cattani
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Policani
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Bizzarri
authors: W L
authors: WL
authors: Tafuri
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Poole
authors: F Q
authors: FQ
authors: Cunha
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Bertini
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D044482:Benzeneacetamides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001682:Biological Availability; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1 / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008698:Mesylates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C528719:4-(2-amino-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl)phenyl trifluoromethanesulfonate; D000906:Antibodies; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D044482:Benzeneacetamides; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; C513297:Cxcl1 protein, rat; D008698:Mesylates; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha