Reteplase provocative visceral arteriography.
OBJECTIVE
To present the results of a new protocol for provocative visceral arteriography.


BACKGROUND
Acute lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage (LGIB) usually stops spontaneously. In the absence of an identifiable source, if bleeding is recurrent, provocative visceral arteriography has been advocated for diagnosis. Prior studies using Streptokinase, Urokinase, or tissue plasminogen activator have reported a 33% to 37.5% rate of identifying the site of hemorrhage.


METHODS
We report a retrospective analysis of 9 patients in whom provocative visceral arteriography was performed using a new protocol with Reteplase as the fibrinolytic agent. All patients had recurrent, massive LGIB without definable source. Initial arteriography did not elicit a site of bleeding. Five units of Reteplase were administered over 1 minute into the inferior mesenteric artery, the superior mesenteric artery or both vessels sequentially. Arteriography was repeated after 5 to 10 minutes.


RESULTS
Colonic hemorrhage was induced in 89% of patients. There were no procedure-related complications.


CONCLUSIONS
Reteplase may prove safe and effective as a provocative agent, stimulating bleeding to allow localization, in patients with occult, recurrent, massive LGIB.
Widlus
David M
DM
Department of Radiology, Northwest Hospital Center, 5401 Old Court Road, Randallstown, MD 21133, USA. dwidlus@umm.edu
Salis
Ari I
AI
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D041741:Lower Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D017537:Mesenteric Artery, Inferior; D017538:Mesenteric Artery, Superior; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000009:adverse effects; D014781:Viscera / Q000098:blood supply
D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C087896:reteplase; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator