title: Possible overexposure of pregnant women to emissions from a walk through metal detector.
abstract: This paper presents a systematic procedure to evaluate the induced current densities and electric fields due to walk-through metal detector (WTMD) exposure. This procedure is then used to assess the exposure of nine pregnant women models exposed to one WTMD model. First, we measured the magnetic field generated by the WTMD, then we extracted the equivalent current source to represent the WTMD emissions and finally we calculated the induced current densities and electric fields using the impedance method. The WTMD emissions and the induced fields in the pregnant women and fetus models are then compared to the ICNIRP Guidelines and the IEEE C95.6 exposure safety standard. The results prove the consistency between maximum permissible exposure (MPE) levels and basic restrictions for the ICNIRP Guidelines and IEEE C95.6. We also found that this particular WTMD complies with the ICNIRP basic restrictions for month 1-5 models, but leads to both fetus and pregnant women overexposure for month 6-9 models. The IEEE C95.6 restrictions (MPEs and basic restrictions) are not exceeded. The fetus overexposure of this particular WTMD calls for carefully conducted safety evaluations of security systems before they are deployed.
authors: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
authors: Dagang
authors: D
authors: Wu
authors: Rui
authors: R
authors: Qiang
authors: Ji
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: Seth
authors: S
authors: Seidman
authors: Donald
authors: D
authors: Witters
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Kainz
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D012637:Security Measures
chemical_list: D008670:Metals