title: Real-time 3T fMRI data of brain tumour patients for intra-operative localization of primary motor areas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients with tumours in or near the motor cortex reliable intra-operative identification of the precentral gyrus can be difficult due to anatomical dislocation. Maps of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based on the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) effect are used to localize eloquent functional areas of the brain but require postprocessing for reduction of false positive activations. We set the focus of this study on the evaluation of feasibility and clinical usefulness of using real-time fMRI t-maps without postprocessing for pre-operative planning and intra-operative localization of functional motor areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real-time fMRI t-maps from a 3-T MRI scanner were co-registered with MRI data. Ten patients were operated under general anaesthesia using 3D neuronavigation with integrated real-time fMRI t-maps. Surgical and functional outcome was compared to results of 12 patients who previously underwent wake surgeries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Good neurological outcome was achieved in all treated patients. Main activation clusters on fMRI real-time maps were easily identified. Co-registered real-time fMRI data without additional postprocessing were useful in planning the surgical approach. However, due to brain shift and large voxel size of BOLD contrast signals on t-maps exact localization of borders between tumours and functional areas was not possible intra-operatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our method is very simple to use and effective in guiding the neurosurgeon safely through minimally invasive craniotomies to tumours in eloquent areas without setting lesions to functional areas. Furthermore, the neurosurgeon is more independent when tumour location requires acquisition of fMRI data for pre-operative planning and intra-operative navigation.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93042 Regensburg, Germany. guenther.feigl@web.de
authors: G C
authors: GC
authors: Feigl
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Safavi-Abbasi
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Gharabaghi
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Gonzalez-Felipe
authors: A
authors: A
authors: El Shawarby
authors: H-J
authors: HJ
authors: Freund
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Samii
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053783:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D038361:Neuronavigation / Q000379:methods*; D019990:Perioperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies