title: Comparative study of endoscopic clips: duration of attachment at the site of clip application.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several designs of endoscopic clips are now commercially available, and the indications for endoclip application are rapidly expanding. However, very limited data have been published to aid in choosing between the different types of endoclips.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the duration of clip attachment between all commercially available endoclips.
  
  
  METHODS
  Long-term experiments on 50-kg pigs under general anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Upper endoscope was inserted into the stomach. One clip of each type (Resolution clip, TriClip, and HX-5L clip) was placed along the same gastric fold at a distance of 0.5 to 1 cm from each other. The animals were recovered. In pig nos. 1 and 2, repeat endoscopy was performed after 2 and 4 weeks. In pig nos. 3 to 5, endoscopy was repeated after 1, 2, and 5 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Duration of clip retention at the site of application.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all animals, only the Resolution endoclip remained attached to the site of application for the entire duration of the study (4-5 weeks). No TriClips or HX-5L clips were attached at the 4- to 5-week follow-up endoscopies. Most of the TriClips (67%) detached within the first week after application. Most of the HX-5L clips (80%) dislodged within the first 2 weeks of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study was performed in a porcine model with a small number of animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Resolution clip has the longest duration of retention at the site of application (more than 4-5 weeks) and should be preferred when long-term attachment of endoclips is necessary.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors: Eun Ji
authors: EJ
authors: Shin
authors: Chung-Wang
authors: CW
authors: Ko
authors: Priscilla
authors: P
authors: Magno
authors: Samuel A
authors: SA
authors: Giday
authors: John O
authors: JO
authors: Clarke
authors: Jonathan M
authors: JM
authors: Buscaglia
authors: Gevorg
authors: G
authors: Sedrakyan
authors: Sanjay B
authors: SB
authors: Jagannath
authors: Anthony N
authors: AN
authors: Kalloo
authors: Sergey V
authors: SV
authors: Kantsevoy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004867:Equipment Design; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000601:surgery*; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome