title: Relation of vision to global and regional brain MRI in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relation between low-contrast letter acuity, an emerging visual outcome for multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical trials, and brain MRI abnormalities in an MS cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  T2 lesion volume and brain parenchymal fraction were determined for whole brain and within visual pathway regions of interest. Magnetization transfer ratio histograms were examined. Vision testing was performed binocularly using low-contrast letter acuity (2.5%, 1.25% contrast) and high-contrast visual acuity (VA). Linear regression, accounting for age and disease duration, was used to assess the relation between vision and MRI measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients (n = 45) were aged 44 +/- 11 years, with disease duration of 5 years (range <1 to 21), Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 2.0 (0 to 6.0), and binocular Snellen acuity of 20/16 (20/12.5 to 20/25). The average T2 lesion volume was 18.5 mm(3). Patients with lower (worse) low-contrast letter acuity and high-contrast VA scores had greater T2 lesion volumes in whole brain (2.5% contrast: p = 0.004; 1.25%: p = 0.002; VA: p = 0.04), Area 17 white matter (2.5%: p < 0.001; 1.25%: p = 0.02; VA: p = 0.01), and optic radiations (2.5%: p = 0.001; 1.25%: p = 0.02; VA: p = 0.007). Within whole brain, a 3-mm(3) increase in lesion volume corresponded, on average, to a 1-line worsening of low-contrast acuity, whereas 1-line worsening of high-contrast acuity corresponded to a 5.5-mm(3) increase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-contrast letter acuity scores correlate well with brain MRI lesion burden in multiple sclerosis (MS), supporting validity for this vision test as a candidate for clinical trials. Disease in the postgeniculate white matter is a likely contributor to visual dysfunction in MS that may be independent of acute optic neuritis history.
authors: Departments of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors: G F
authors: GF
authors: Wu
authors: E D
authors: ED
authors: Schwartz
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Lei
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Souza
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Mishra
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Jacobs
authors: C E
authors: CE
authors: Markowitz
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Galetta
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Nano-Schiavi
authors: L M
authors: LM
authors: Desiderio
authors: G R
authors: GR
authors: Cutter
authors: P A
authors: PA
authors: Calabresi
authors: J K
authors: JK
authors: Udupa
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Balcer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000473:pathology*