title: Solid phase microextraction of macrolide, trimethoprim, and sulfonamide antibiotics in wastewaters.
abstract: In this work, we optimize a solid phase microextraction (SPME) method for the simultaneous collection of antibiotics (sulfonamides, macrolides, and trimethoprim) present in wastewaters. The performance of the SPME method is compared to a solid phase extraction (SPE) method. Analytes in both cases were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS) with electrospray ionization. The advantages offered by SPME in this application are: decreased sample volume requirements, ease of sample processing and extraction, decreased cost, and most importantly, elimination of electrospray matrix effects. Despite having higher limits of quantification (16-1380 ng/L in influent and 35-260 ng/L in effluent), nearly all of the compounds found to be present in Edmonton Gold Bar wastewater by SPE were measurable by SPME (i.e., sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, erythromycin, and clarithromycin), with values similar to those obtained using the former method. Limits of quantification for the SPE method for the measured compounds were 4.7-15 ng/L and 0.86-6.1 ng/L for influent and effluent, respectively.
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada.
authors: Evelyn L
authors: EL
authors: McClure
authors: Charles S
authors: CS
authors: Wong
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000737:chemistry; D018942:Macrolides / Q000032:analysis*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012828:Silicones / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013048:Specimen Handling; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000032:analysis*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D018942:Macrolides; D012828:Silicones; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C013830:baysilon; D014295:Trimethoprim