Atopic dermatitis: an update and review of the literature.
Atopic eczema/dermatitis from the aspects of immunologic background, genetics, skin barrier dysfunction, IgE receptors, and triggers of AD (including allergens, microorganisms, and autoantigens) is described. Also reviewed are diagnostic procedures, treatment modalities with topical treatment (emollients, topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, wet wrap therapy, and topical antimicrobial therapy), systemic management (antimicrobials, systemic corticosteroids, cyclosporine A, azathioprine, antihistamines), and phototherapy. Primary and secondary prevention are discussed and the role of the different cell receptors and their up-and down-regulation in this setting are emphasized.
Lipozencić
Jasna
J
University Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zagreb University Hospital Center and School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. jasna.lipozencic@zg.htnet.hr
Wolf
Ronni
R
D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010328:Patch Tests; D017455:Receptors, IgE / Q000276:immunology; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology
D016207:Cytokines; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D017455:Receptors, IgE; D007073:Immunoglobulin E