title: Agonist versus antagonist muscle fatigue effects on thigh muscle activity and vertical ground reaction during drop landing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Agonist and antagonist co-activation plays an important role for stabilizing the knee joint, especially after fatigue. However, whether selective fatigue of agonists or antagonist muscles would cause different changes in muscle activation patterns is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Knee extension fatigue would have a higher influence on landing biomechanics compared with a knee flexion protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeated-measures design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy subjects (10 males and 10 females) performed two sets of repeated maximal isokinetic concentric efforts of the knee extensors (KE) at 120 degrees s(-1) until they could no longer consistently produce 30% of maximum torque. On a separate day, a similar knee flexion (KF) fatigue protocol was also performed. Single leg landings from 30cm drop height were performed before, in the middle and after the end of the fatigue test. The mean normalized electromyographic (EMG) signal of the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF) and gastrocnemius (GAS) at selected landing phases were determined before, during and after fatigue. Quadriceps:hamstrings (Q:H) EMG ratio as well as sagittal hip and knee angles and vertical ground reaction force (GRF) were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-way analysis of variance designs showed that KE fatigue resulted in significantly lower GRF and higher knee flexion angles at initial contact while maximum hip and knee flexion also increased (p<0.05). This was accompanied by a significant decline of BF EMG, unaltered EMG of vastii and GAS muscles and increased Q:H ratio. In contrast, KF fatigue had no effects on vGRFs but it was accompanied by increased activation of VM, BF and GAS while the Q:H increased during before landing and decreased after impact.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fatigue responses during landing are highly dependent on the muscle which is fatigued.
authors: Laboratory of Neuromuscular Control and Therapeutic Exercise, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Serres Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, TEFAA Serres, Serres 62100, Greece.
authors: Eleftherios
authors: E
authors: Kellis
authors: Vasiliki
authors: V
authors: Kouvelioti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult