Adenosine uptake-dependent C6 cell growth inhibition.
In C6 glioma cells, adenine nucleotides, especially AMP, and adenosine inhibited cell proliferation in time- and concentration-dependent manners. alpha,beta-methylene-ADP, an ecto-5'-nucleotidase inhibitor, suppressed the hydrolysis of AMP and reversed the inhibition of cell growth induced by AMP but not by adenosine. Adenosine deaminase eliminated both AMP- and adenosine-mediated growth inhibitions. 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine, an adenosine receptor agonist, had little effect on the cell growth. Equilibrative nucleoside transporters, ENT-1 and ENT-2, were expressed in C6 cells by determining their mRNAs. ENT inhibitors, nitrobenzylthioinosine and dipyridamole, suppressed the uptake of [(3)H]adenosine into C6 cells, and attenuated AMP- or adenosine-mediated growth inhibition. Furthermore, an adenosine kinase inhibitor 5-iodotubercidin reversed the growth inhibition induced by AMP and adenosine. When uridine was added in the extracellular space, AMP- or adenosine-induced cell growth inhibition was completely reversed, suggesting that intracellular pyrimidine starvation would be involved in their cytostatic effects. These results indicate that extracellular adenine nucleotides inhibit C6 cell growth via adenosine, which is produced by ecto-nucleotidases including CD73 at the extracellular space and then incorporated into cells by ENT2. Intracellular AMP accumulation by adenosine kinase after adenosine uptake would induce C6 cell growth inhibition through pyrimidine starvation.
Ohkubo
Satoko
S
Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan. satoko@nihs.go.jp
Nagata
Koichi
K
Nakahata
Norimichi
N
D015720:5'-Nucleotidase / Q000378:metabolism; D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000241:Adenosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000248:Adenosine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002452:Cell Count; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004176:Dipyridamole / Q000494:pharmacology; D033721:Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D033722:Equilibrative-Nucleoside Transporter 2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005910:Glioma / Q000473:pathology*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D013868:Thioinosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014529:Uridine / Q000494:pharmacology
D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D033721:Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1; D033722:Equilibrative-Nucleoside Transporter 2; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; C083848:2'C-methyladenosine 5'-diphosphate; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D013868:Thioinosine; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D004176:Dipyridamole; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000248:Adenosine Kinase; D015720:5'-Nucleotidase; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase; C022616:thiazolyl blue; C001789:4-nitrobenzylthioinosine; D000241:Adenosine; D014529:Uridine