title: [Affecting factors for height of adjacent gingival papilla of maxillary central incisor single implant].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze and find factors affecting the height of adjacent gingival papilla of maxillary central incisor single implant in human in order to promote the esthetic result of dental implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen maxillary central incisor single implants of 16 patients and 30 sites of adjacent tissues and prosthesis were evaluated. Data on the height of adjacent gingival papilla of dental implant and relative factors were obtained from clinical parameters, photographs, research models, and X radiographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean and standard deviation of adjacent gingival papilla height of maxillary central incisor single implant were (4.01 +/- 1.85) mm. Statistical analysis revealed that factors affecting the height of adjacent gingival papilla of implant were as following from strong to weak: vertical distance between contact point and gingival margin, vertical distance between proximal bone level of natural tooth and implant abutment, vertical distance between proximal bone level of natural tooth and contact point, proximal protruding degree of crown, horizontal distance between abutment and root, length ratio of the crown and fixture, vertical distance between proximal bone level of implant and abutment, lip-side protruding degree of crown, probing depth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple factors affected the height of adjacent gingival papilla of maxillary central incisor single implant in human.
authors: Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors: Xue-jing
authors: XJ
authors: Zhang
authors: Yu-cheng
authors: YC
authors: Su
authors: Yue-qin
authors: YQ
authors: Sha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000601:surgery; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult