title: Recruiting and retaining GPs and patients in intervention studies: the DEPS-GP project as a case study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recruiting and retaining GPs for research can prove difficult, and may result in sub-optimal patient participation where GPs are required to recruit patients. Low participation rates may affect the validity of research. This paper describes a multi-faceted approach to maximise participation of GPs and their patients in intervention studies, using an Australian randomised controlled trial of a depression/suicidality management intervention as a case study. The paper aims to outline experiences that may be of interest to others considering engaging GPs and/or their patients in primary care studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case study approach is used to describe strategies for: (a) recruiting GPs; (b) encouraging GPs to recruit patients to complete a postal questionnaire; and (c) encouraging GPs to recruit patients as part of a practice audit. Participant retention strategies are discussed in light of reasons for withdrawal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The strategies described, led to the recruitment of a higher than expected number of GPs (n = 772). Three hundred and eighty three GPs (49.6%) followed through with the intent to participate by sending out a total of 77,820 postal questionnaires, 22,251 (28.6%) of which were returned. Three hundred and three GPs (37.0%) participated in the practice audit, which aimed to recruit 20 patients per participating GP (i.e., a total of 6,060 older adults). In total, 5,143 patients (84.9%) were represented in the audit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inexpensive methods were chosen to identify and recruit GPs; these relied on an existing database, minor promotion and a letter of invitation. Anecdotally, participating GPs agreed to be involved because they had an interest in the topic, believed the study would not impinge too greatly on their time, and appreciated the professional recognition afforded by the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) points associated with study participation. The study team established a strong rapport with GPs and their reception staff, offered clear instructions, and were as flexible and helpful as possible to retain GP participants. Nonetheless, we experienced attrition due to GPs' competing demands, eligibility, personnel issues and the perceived impact of the study on patients. A summary of effective and ineffective methods for recruitment and retention is provided.
authors: Centre for Health Policy, Programs and Economics, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Australia. m.williamson@unimelb.edu.au
authors: Michelle K
authors: MK
authors: Williamson
authors: Jane
authors: J
authors: Pirkis
authors: Jon J
authors: JJ
authors: Pfaff
authors: Orla
authors: O
authors: Tyson
authors: Moira
authors: M
authors: Sim
authors: Ngaire
authors: N
authors: Kerse
authors: Nicola T
authors: NT
authors: Lautenschlager
authors: Nigel P
authors: NP
authors: Stocks
authors: Osvaldo P
authors: OP
authors: Almeida
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001315:Australia; D003863:Depression / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D018579:Patient Selection; D010560:Personnel Selection / Q000379:methods; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010821:Physicians, Family / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011177:Postal Service; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000092864:Suicide Prevention