title: Liver gene expression signature to predict response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin combination therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The gold standard treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is combined pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Considering side effects and treatment cost, prediction of treatment response before therapy is important. The aim of this study was to identify a liver gene signature to predict sustained virological response in patients with CHC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Group A (training set) comprised 40 patients with CHC including 14 non-responders (NRs) and 26 sustained virological responders (SVRs). Group B (validation set) comprised 29 patients including 9 NRs and 20 SVRs. Eleven responder-relapsers were also included. A total of 58 genes associated with liver gene expression dysregulation during CHC were selected from the literature. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR assays were used to analyse the mRNA expression of these 58 selected genes in liver biopsy specimens taken from the patients before treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the Group A data, three genes whose expression was significantly increased in NRs compared with SVRs were identified: IFI-6-16/G1P3, IFI27 and ISG15/G1P2. These three genes also showed significant differences in their expression profiles between NRs and SVRs in the independent sample (Group B). Supervised class prediction analysis identified a two-gene (IFI27 and CXCL9) signature, which accurately predicted treatment response in 79.3% (23/29) of patients from the validation set (Group B), with a predictive accuracy of 100% (9/9) and of 70% (14/20) in NRs and SVRs, respectively. The expression profiles of responder-relapsers did not differ significantly from those of NRs and SVRs, and 73% (8/11) of them were predicted as SVRs with the two-gene classifier.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NRs and SVRs have different liver gene expression profiles before treatment. The most notable changes occurred mainly in interferon-stimulated genes. Treatment response could be predicted with a two-gene signature (IFI27 and CXCL9).
authors: Service d'Hépatologie, Pôle des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif and INSERM U773, CRB3, University of Paris VII, AP-HP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France. tarik.asselah@bjn.aphp.fr
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Asselah
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Bieche
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Narguet
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sabbagh
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Laurendeau
authors: M-P
authors: MP
authors: Ripault
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Boyer
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Martinot-Peignoux
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Valla
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Vidaud
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Marcellin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D005819:Genetic Markers; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D005819:Genetic Markers; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012254:Ribavirin; C417083:peginterferon alfa-2b