title: Meta-analysis: the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and pancreatic cancer risk for different exposure categories.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A better understanding of predictors of risk for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) could inform preventive efforts against this lethal cancer. While aspirin (ASA) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) might protect against several gastrointestinal cancers, their role in the development of PDAC remains unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relation between ASA/NSAIDs exposure and the risk of PDAC. Methods We searched Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane database of systematic reviews and reference lists of identified papers and included observational (cohort or case-control) studies and randomized controlled trials examining exposure to ASA and/or NSAIDs and the incidence or mortality of PDAC. We defined three categories (low, intermediate, high), based on exposure duration and dose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria (four cohort, three case controls, and one randomized controlled trial studies) enrolling 6301 patients between 1971-2004; all but one study took place in the US. The pooled OR were 0.99 (0.83-1.19), 1.11 (0.84-1.47) and 1.09 (0.67-1.75) in the low, intermediate and high exposure groups respectively, with considerable heterogeneity (I(2) ranging 60-86%). Sensitivity analysis by ASA use only, study design or sex did not reveal additional important information.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study did not show an association between ASA/NSAIDs and PDAC. The large baseline exposure in controls in North-America may have obscured an association. There is need for additional studies, especially in Europe, to clarify this issue.
authors: Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, II Medical School, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Capurso
authors: H J
authors: HJ
authors: Schünemann
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Terrenato
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Moretti
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Koch
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Muti
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Capurso
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Delle Fave
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal