In vivo changes in the patterns of chromatin structure associated with the latent herpes simplex virus type 1 genome in mouse trigeminal ganglia can be detected at early times after butyrate treatment.
During herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency in mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG), chromatin associated with the latency-associated transcript (LAT) region of the viral genome is hyperacetylated at lysines 9 and 14 of histone 3 [H3(K9, K14)], while lytic genes are hypoacetylated. Explanted DRG exhibit a pattern of deacetylation of the LAT enhancer followed by acetylation of the ICP0 promoter at early times postexplant. Recently, we reported that sodium butyrate induced in vivo reactivation of HSV-1 in latent mice. In this study, we assessed the effect of sodium butyrate on the chromatin patterns of latent and butyrate-treated mouse trigeminal ganglia (TG) via chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). We detected deacetylation of acetyl H3(K9, K14) of the LAT promoter and LAT enhancer regions as early as 0.5 h post-butyrate treatment, and this deacetylation corresponded to an increase in the acetylation of the lytic promoters ICP0 and ICP4 at 0.5 h and 1 h post-butyrate treatment, respectively. This is the first study to combine in vivo reactivation with the examination of the HSV-1 genome through ChIP assays at early times after the introduction of in vivo reactivation stimuli.
Neumann
Donna M
DM
Department of Ophthalmology (LSU Eye Center of Excellence), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
Bhattacharjee
Partha S
PS
Giordani
Nicole V
NV
Bloom
David C
DC
Hill
James M
JM
D000818:Animals; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly / Q000187:drug effects*; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012668:Trigeminal Ganglion / Q000821:virology*; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
D002087:Butyrates; D002843:Chromatin; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones