title: Antibiotic prophylaxis and postoperative complications after tooth extraction and implant placement: a review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess published evidence regarding the use of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis among children and adults undergoing dental extraction or implant placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research published between 12/31/97 and 6/30/07 in English.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE, EBM Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials using the following search terms linked with Boolean AND logic: prophylactic antibiotics, dentistry, tooth, third molar, extraction, implant, endosseous, prophylaxis, prophylactic, infective endocarditis, bacterial, infection, and bacteremia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight randomized clinical trials and one retrospective study was found involving preoperative use of antibiotics before tooth extraction. Four additional non-randomized intervention studies among patients undergoing implant placement were found. These 13 studies comprised all of the published research found that met our inclusion criteria. Overall, this body of literature was limited and of poor quality. In general, sample sizes were small and provided insufficient statistical power to avoid type II, or false-negative errors. In some studies no comparison group was included and/or it was difficult to determine the extent to which the intervention had actually been implemented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the recent improvements in the current standards of antibiotic prophylaxis in dentistry, further monitoring of antibiotic use among dental practitioners as well as continuing education for practitioners concerning the public health risks related to the over-prescription of antibiotics are needed.
authors: Columbia University College of Dental Medicin, NY 11217, USA. abs2107@columbia.edu
authors: Aaron B
authors: AB
authors: Schwartz
authors: Elaine L
authors: EL
authors: Larson
mesh_terms: D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012107:Research Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants