title: A comparison and critical analysis of preclinical anticancer vaccination strategies.
abstract: Anticancer vaccines have been extensively studied in animal models and in clinical trials. While vaccination can lead to tumor protection in numerous murine models, objective tumor regressions after anticancer vaccination in clinical trials have been rare. B16 is a poorly immunogenic murine melanoma that has been extensively used in anticancer vaccination experiments. Because B16 has been widely used, different vaccination strategies can be compared. We reviewed the results obtained when B16 was treated with five common vaccine types: recombinant viral vaccines, DNA vaccines, dendritic cell vaccines, whole-tumor vaccines, and peptide vaccines. We also reviewed the results obtained when B16 was treated with vaccines combined with adoptive transfer of tumor antigen-specific T cells. We found several characteristics of vaccination regimens that were associated with antitumor efficacy. Many vaccines that incorporated xenogeneic antigens exhibited more potent anticancer activity than vaccines that were identical except that they incorporated the syngeneic version of the same antigen. Interleukin-2 enhanced the antitumor efficacy of several vaccines. Finally, several effective regimens generated large numbers of tumor antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells. Identification of vaccine characteristics that are associated with antitumor efficacy may aid in the development of more effective anticancer vaccination strategies.
authors: Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. kochendj@mail.nih.gov
authors: J N
authors: JN
authors: Kochenderfer
authors: R E
authors: RE
authors: Gress
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003713:Dendritic Cells; D006801:Humans; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D051379:Mice; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000627:therapeutic use; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014765:Viral Vaccines