title: The contamination of winter stores and early spring honey with spores of Paenibacillus larvae larvae in Polish apiaries of the Małopolska province.
abstract: We analysed 251 early spring and winter storage honey samples, individually collected from the apiaries of 9 districts of Malopołska province in South Poland and revealed that 51 of these specimens were contaminated with different levels of P. larvae larvae spores Among these samples 8.8% were classified as a category I contamination and 11.5% as a category II--reperesenting 22 (43.1%) and 29 (56.9%) of the total positives, respectively. We conclude from these analyses that: (1)--the total number of new outbreaks of AFB in Poland are most likely to be higher than previously reported, (2)--the quantitative examination of samples of winter stored or early spring honeys for the presence of P. larvae, larvae spores can improve the detection rate of AFB outbreaks, (3)--the high percentage of apiaries that were found to be free of P. larvae larvae (80%) may facilitate the implementation of an AFB eradication programme on a large scale in Poland.
authors: Specialist Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Biolab, Grunwaldzka 62, 14-100 Ostróda, Poland. Lipinski@sprint.com.pl
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Lipiński
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Szubstarski
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Szubstarska
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Kasztelewicz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001406:Bacillaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001516:Bees / Q000382:microbiology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D006722:Honey / Q000382:microbiology*; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial