title: [Maternal and perinatal data of hypospadic in a 25 year period].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze maternal and perinatal risk factors related to the onset and severity of hypospadias.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of 614 boys operated on hypospadias in our county during 25 years (1972-1998) has been studied. The patients were divided into 3 groups according the malformation severity: proximal, middle, and distal hypospadias. We use two periods, before and after 1980 to analyze the differences in risk factors along the time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 9% of proximal hypospadias, 13.6% middle hypospadias, and 77.5% distal hypospadias. We found statistical significance in several risk factors related to severe hypospadias: low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm births, and associated malformations (p < 0.001). We did not find statistical significance with maternal age, toxic exposure, associated diseases, and x-ray exposure during pregnancy. After 1980, there were more severe hypospadias and less gestational age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several events during pregnancy can contribute to the development of hypospadias in the fetus. In our experience, since 1980 there is a rise in the number and severity of hypospadias.
authors: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza. drsanchezurologo@yahoo.es
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Sánchez Zalabardo
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Bono Ariño
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Gracia Romero
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: López López
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors