Carcinoid pulmonary valvulopathy evaluated by real-time 3-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography.
A 55-year-old woman with carcinoid valvular heart disease was referred for consideration of right-sided valve replacement. By transthoracic 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography, there was severe tricuspid regurgitation and mild right ventricular dysfunction. The pulmonary valve was thickened with annular constriction and severe regurgitation. Real-time 3-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography provided an en face view of pulmonary valve from the right ventricular outflow perspective, not obtainable by routine 2-dimensional echocardiography. Three-dimensional echocardiography may play an incremental role for the preoperative assessment of the pulmonary valve in patients with carcinoid heart disease.
Lee
Kyung Jin
KJ
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Connolly
Heidi M
HM
Pellikka
Patricia A
PA
D002275:Carcinoid Heart Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*