Meta-analysis of day treatment and contingency-management dismantling research: Birmingham Homeless Cocaine Studies (1990-2006).
Four successive randomized clinical trials studying contingency management (CM), involving various treatment arms of drug-abstinent housing and work therapy and day treatment (DT) with a behavioral component, were compared on common drug abstinence outcomes at 2 treatment completion points (2 and 6 months). The clinical trials were conducted from 1990 to 2006 in Birmingham, Alabama, with a total of 644 homeless persons with primary crack cocaine addiction. The meta-analysis utilized the weighted least squares approach to integrate data encompassing 9 different treatment arms to assess the effects of CM and DT (neither, DT only, CM only, and CM = DT) on a common estimate of prevalence of drug abstinence. Taken together, the results show much stronger benefits from CM = DT and from CM only than for DT alone. Throughout all of the Birmingham Homeless Cocaine Studies, the CM = DT consistently produced higher abstinence prevalence than did no CM.
Schumacher
Joseph E
JE
Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. jschum@uab.edu
Milby
Jesse B
JB
Wallace
Dennis
D
Meehan
Dawna-Cricket
DC
Kertesz
Stefan
S
Vuchinich
Rudy
R
Dunning
Jonathan
J
Usdan
Stuart
S
D000407:Alabama; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016578:Crack Cocaine; D003631:Day Care, Medical; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014040:Token Economy
D016578:Crack Cocaine