title: Exercise training does not improve myocardial diastolic tissue velocities in Type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Myocardial diastolic tissue velocities are reduced already in newly onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Poor disease control may lead to left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and heart failure. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of exercise training on myocardial diastolic function in T2D patients without ischemic heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  48 men (52.3 +/- 5.6 yrs) with T2D were randomized to supervised training four times a week and standard therapy (E), or standard treatment alone (C) for 12 months. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), oxygen consumption (VO2max), and muscle strength (Sit-up) were measured. Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) was used to determine the average maximal mitral annular early (Ea) and late (Aa) diastolic as well as systolic (Sa) velocities, systolic strain (epsilon) and strain rate (epsilon) from the septum, and an estimation of left ventricular end diastolic pressure (E/Ea).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exercise capacity (VO2max, E 32.0 to 34.7 vs. C 32.6 to 31.5 ml/kg/min, p = .001), muscle strength (E 12.7 to 18.3 times vs. C 14.6 to 14.7 times, p < .001), and HbA1c (E 8.2 to 7.5% vs. C 8.0 to 8.4%, p = .006) improved significantly in the exercise group compared to the controls (ANOVA). Systolic blood pressure decreased in the E group (E 144 to 138 mmHg vs. C 146 to 144 mmHg, p = .04). Contrary to risk factor changes diastolic long axis relaxation did not improve significantly, early diastolic velocity Ea from 8.1 to 7.9 cm/s for the E group vs. C 7.4 to 7.8 cm/s (p = .85, ANOVA). Likewise, after 12 months the mitral annular systolic velocity, systolic strain and strain rate, as well as E/Ea were unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise training improves endurance and muscle fitness in T2D, resulting in better glycemic control and reduced blood pressure. However, myocardial diastolic tissue velocities did not change significantly. Our data suggest that a much longer exercise intervention may be needed in order to reverse diastolic impairment in diabetics, if at all possible.
authors: Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland. antti.loimaala@uta.fi
authors: Antti
authors: A
authors: Loimaala
authors: Kaj
authors: K
authors: Groundstroem
authors: Marjo
authors: M
authors: Rinne
authors: Arja
authors: A
authors: Nenonen
authors: Heini
authors: H
authors: Huhtala
authors: Ilkka
authors: I
authors: Vuori
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome