title: Interaction with human plasminogen system turns on proteolytic activity in Streptococcus agalactiae and enhances its virulence in a mouse model.
abstract: Interactions of several microbial pathogens with the plasminogen system increase their invasive potential. In this study, we show that Streptococcus agalactiae binds human plasminogen which can be subsequently activated to plasmin, thus generating a proteolytic bacterium. S. agalactiae binds plasminogen via the direct pathway, using plasminogen receptors, and via the indirect pathway through fibrinogen receptors. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is one of the S. agalactiae proteins that bind plasminogen. Presence of exogenous activators such as uPA and tPA are required to activate bound plasminogen. Results from competitive inhibition assays indicate that binding is partially mediated through the lysine binding sites of plasminogen. Following plasminogen binding and activation, S. agalactiae is able to degrade in vitro fibronectin, one of the host extracellular matrix proteins. Moreover, incubation of S. agalactiae with either plasminogen alone, or plasminogen plus fibrinogen, in the presence of tPA enhanced its virulence in C57BL/6 mice, suggesting that acquisition of plasmin-like activity by the bacteria increase their invasiveness.
authors: ICBAS- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal.
authors: Vanessa
authors: V
authors: Magalhães
authors: Isabel
authors: I
authors: Veiga-Malta
authors: Maria Rosário
authors: MR
authors: Almeida
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Baptista
authors: Adília
authors: A
authors: Ribeiro
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Trieu-Cuot
authors: Paula
authors: P
authors: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000378:metabolism*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005353:Fibronectins; D010958:Plasminogen; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D005341:Fibrinolysin