Two modes of ligand recognition by TLRs.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound sensors that detect and respond to microbial infection. Two studies in Cell, one in this issue, reveal how TLRs recognize their ligands. Kim et al. (2007) recently reported the structure of TLR4 bound to the accessory protein MD-2 and its antagonist, the drug eritoran. In this issue, Jin et al. (2007) describe the crystal structure of a complex between TLR1, TLR2, and a lipopeptide ligand.
Brodsky
Igor
I
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. igor.brodsky@yale.edu
Medzhitov
Ruslan
R
D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D003461:Crystallography; D019281:Dimerization; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008024:Ligands; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D051218:Lymphocyte Antigen 96 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013403:Sugar Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D051216:Toll-Like Receptor 6 / Q000737:chemistry
D004187:Disaccharides; C495377:LY96 protein, human; D008024:Ligands; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C411728:Ly96 protein, mouse; D051218:Lymphocyte Antigen 96; C508075:Pam(3)CSK(4) peptide; D010455:Peptides; D013403:Sugar Phosphates; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; C493486:Tlr2 protein, mouse; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051216:Toll-Like Receptor 6; C512420:eritoran