title: Cat odour-induced anxiety--a study of the involvement of the endocannabinoid system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent evidence suggests the involvement of the endocannabinoid (EC) system in the regulation of anxiety.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of present work was to study the role of the EC system in cat odour-induced anxiety in rats. Materials and methods Male Wistar rats were exposed to cat odour in home and motility cages. Exposure of rats to elevated zero-maze was used to determine changes in anxiety. Effect of rimonabant (0.3-3 mg/kg), antagonist of CB1 receptors, was studied on cat odour-induced alterations in exploratory behaviour. Real-time PCR was used to determine gene expression levels of EC-related genes in the brain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anxiogenic-like action of cat odour was evident in the elevated zero-maze. Cat odour increased the expression of FAAH, the enzyme responsible for the degradation of anandamide, in the mesolimbic area. By contrast, in the amygdala and periaqueductal grey (PAG) levels of NAPE-PLD, the enzyme related to the synthesis of anandamide, and FAAH were remarkably decreased. Cat odour also decreased the expression of enzymes related to metabolism of 2-archidonoyl-glycerol in the amygdala and PAG. Pre-treatment of rats with rimonabant (0.3-3 mg/kg) reduced the exploratory behaviour of rats, but did not affect cat odour-induced changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to cat odour induces anxiogenic-like effect on the behaviour in rats. Cat odour also causes moderate increase in expression of EC-related genes in the mesolimbic area, whereas significant down-regulation is established in the amygdala and PAG. Relation of predator odour-induced anxiety to the inhibition of the EC system in the amygdala and PAG is supported by behavioural studies where blockade of CB1 receptors by rimonabant induces anxiogenic-like action.
authors: Department of Physiology, Biomedicum, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
authors: Silva
authors: S
authors: Sütt
authors: Sirli
authors: S
authors: Raud
authors: Tarmo
authors: T
authors: Areda
authors: Ain
authors: A
authors: Reimets
authors: Sulev
authors: S
authors: Kõks
authors: Eero
authors: E
authors: Vasar
mesh_terms: D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000679:Amygdala / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000502:physiology*; D002415:Cats; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D008032:Limbic System / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009812:Odorants; D010487:Periaqueductal Gray / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000077285:Rimonabant; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases
chemical_list: D000581:Amidohydrolases; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D010739:Phospholipase D; D010880:Piperidines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D012313:RNA; D000077285:Rimonabant; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases; C527163:Napepld protein, rat