Smoking-attributable morbidity: acute care hospital diagnoses and days of treatment in Canada, 2002.
BACKGROUND
Smoking is one of the most important risk factors for burden of disease. Our objective was to estimate the number of hospital diagnoses and days of treatment attributable to smoking for Canada, 2002.


METHODS
Distribution of exposure was taken from a major national survey of Canada, the Canadian Community Health Survey. For chronic diseases, risk relations were taken from the published literature and combined with exposure to calculate age- and sex-specific smoking-attributable fractions (SAFs). For fire deaths, SAFs were taken directly from available statistics. Information on morbidity, with cause of illness coded according to the International Classification of Diseases version 10, was obtained from the Canadian Institute for Health Information.


RESULTS
For Canada in 2002, 339,179 of all hospital diagnoses were estimated to be attributable to smoking and 2,210,155 acute care hospital days. Ischaemic heart disease was the largest single category in terms of hospital days accounting for 21 percent, followed by lung cancer at 9 percent. Smoking-attributable acute care hospital days cost over $2.5 billion in Canada in 2002.


CONCLUSIONS
Since the last major project produced estimates of this type, the rate of hospital days per 100,000 population has decreased by 33.8 percent. Several possible factors may have contributed to the decline in the rate of smoking-attributable hospital days: a drop in smoking prevalence, a decline in overall hospital days, and a shift in distribution of disease categories. Smoking remains a significant health, social, and economic burden in Canada.
Baliunas
Dolly
D
Public Health Sciences Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. dolly_baliunas@camh.net
Patra
Jayadeep
J
Rehm
Jürgen
J
Popova
Svetlana
S
Taylor
Benjamin
B
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D005390:Fires / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006306:Health Surveys; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution