title: Glycogen content and contraction regulate glycogen synthase phosphorylation and affinity for UDP-glucose in rat skeletal muscles.
abstract: Glycogen content and contraction strongly regulate glycogen synthase (GS) activity, and the aim of the present study was to explore their effects and interaction on GS phosphorylation and kinetic properties. Glycogen content in rat epitrochlearis muscles was manipulated in vivo. After manipulation, incubated muscles with normal glycogen [NG; 210.9 +/- 7.1 mmol/kg dry weight (dw)], low glycogen (LG; 108.1 +/- 4.5 mmol/ kg dw), and high glycogen (HG; 482.7 +/- 42.1 mmol/kg dw) were contracted or rested before the studies of GS kinetic properties and GS phosphorylation (using phospho-specific antibodies). LG decreased and HG increased GS K(m) for UDP-glucose (LG: 0.27 +/- 0.02 < NG: 0.71 +/- 0.06 < HG: 1.11 +/- 0.12 mM; P < 0.001). In addition, GS fractional activity inversely correlated with glycogen content (R = -0.70; P < 0.001; n = 44). Contraction decreased K(m) for UDP-glucose (LG: 0.14 +/- 0.01 = NG: 0.16 +/- 0.01 < HG: 0.33 +/- 0.03 mM; P < 0.001) and increased GS fractional activity, and these effects were observed independently of glycogen content. In rested muscles, GS Ser(641) and Ser(7) phosphorylation was decreased in LG and increased in HG compared with NG. GSK-3beta Ser(9) and AMPKalpha Thr(172) phosphorylation was not modulated by glycogen content in rested muscles. Contraction decreased phosphorylation of GS Ser(641) at all glycogen contents. However, contraction increased GS Ser(7) phosphorylation even though GS was strongly activated. In conclusion, glycogen content regulates GS affinity for UDP-glucose and low affinity for UDP-glucose in muscles with high glycogen content may reduce glycogen accumulation. Contraction increases GS affinity for UDP-glucose independently of glycogen content and creates a unique phosphorylation pattern.
authors: Dept. of Physiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, P. O. Box 8149, Dep. N-0033, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Yu-Chiang
authors: YC
authors: Lai
authors: Jorid Thrane
authors: JT
authors: Stuenaes
authors: Chia-Hua
authors: CH
authors: Kuo
authors: Jørgen
authors: J
authors: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D000263:Adenylate Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002384:Catalysis; D005508:Food Deprivation / Q000502:physiology; D006003:Glycogen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006006:Glycogen Synthase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014532:Uridine Diphosphate Glucose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006003:Glycogen; D006006:Glycogen Synthase; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605508:Gsk3b protein, rat; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D000263:Adenylate Kinase; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; D014532:Uridine Diphosphate Glucose