title: Bronchoalveolar lavage and response to cyclophosphamide in scleroderma interstitial lung disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presence of inflammatory cells on bronchoalveolar lavage is often used to predict disease activity and the need for therapy in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether lavage cellularity identifies distinct subsets of disease and/or predicts cyclophosphamide responsiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients underwent baseline lavage and/or high-resolution computed tomography as part of a randomized placebo-controlled trial of cyclophosphamide versus placebo (Scleroderma Lung Study) to determine the effect of therapy on forced vital capacity. Patients with 3% or greater polymorphonuclear and/or 2% or greater eosinophilic leukocytes on lavage and/or ground-glass opacification on computed tomography were eligible for enrollment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lavage was performed in 201 individuals, including 141 of the 158 randomized patients. Abnormal cellularity was present in 101 of these cases (71.6%) and defined a population with a higher percentage of men (P = 0.04), more severe lung function, including a worse forced vital capacity (P = 0.003), worse total lung capacity (P = 0.005) and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (P = 0.004), more extensive ground-glass opacity (P = 0.005), and more extensive fibrosis in the right middle lobe (P = 0.005). Despite these relationships, the presence or absence of an abnormal cell differential was not an independent predictor of disease progression or response to cyclophosphamide at 1 year (P = not significant).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of an abnormal lavage in the Scleroderma Lung Study defined patients with more advanced interstitial lung disease but added no additional value to physiologic and computed tomography findings as a predictor of progression or treatment response. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 000004563).
authors: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, MUSC, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, 812 CSB, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. strangec@musc.edu
authors: Charlie
authors: C
authors: Strange
authors: Marcy B
authors: MB
authors: Bolster
authors: Michael D
authors: MD
authors: Roth
authors: Richard M
authors: RM
authors: Silver
authors: Arthur
authors: A
authors: Theodore
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Goldin
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Clements
authors: Joanie
authors: J
authors: Chung
authors: Robert M
authors: RM
authors: Elashoff
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Suh
authors: Edwin A
authors: EA
authors: Smith
authors: Daniel E
authors: DE
authors: Furst
authors: Donald P
authors: DP
authors: Tashkin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide