title: Multipathway risk assessment of trihalomethane exposure in drinking water of Lebanon.
abstract: The toxicological risks and lifetime cancer risks of trihalomethanes through oral ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation exposure from tap water in selected regions in Lebanon are estimated. Existing trihalomethane concentrations do not pose any non-carcinogenic and developmental risks in the exposed population via oral ingestion. Among the three pathways, residents have a higher risk of cancer through oral ingestion than through the other two pathways. The lifetime cancer risk through oral ingestion for dibromochloromethane makes the highest contribution to total risks, followed by bromodichloromethane, bromoform, and chloroform. The total multipathway cancer risk analysis suggests that no cancer risks exist during the summer and winter seasons; however, in the spring the total cancer risks exceeds the USEPA acceptable level of 10(-6) by a factor of 10.7.
authors: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. ls07@aub.edu.lb
authors: Lucy
authors: L
authors: Semerjian
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Dennis
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007861:Lebanon; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012621:Seasons; D012869:Skin Absorption; D022882:Trihalomethanes / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D022882:Trihalomethanes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical