title: Access site complications with carotid angioplasty and stenting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carotid angioplasty and stenting is a relatively new therapeutic alternative to CEA for treatment of carotid stenosis. The percutaneous transfemoral approach, the standard technique for angioplasty and stent deployment, may not be feasible in all patients. We present our experience with access site complications that occurred with CAS.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty-two CAS procedures were performed at our institution in the past 5 years for symptomatic (62.1%) or asymptomatic (37.9%) carotid stenosis. Mean age of patients was 70.72 +/- 6.53 years and the mean degree of stenosis of the treated carotids was 80.74% +/- 11.83%. The transfemoral approach was the access route in 126 CAS, the transbrachial approach was used in 2 CAS procedures, and direct carotid exposure was used in 5 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All CAS procedures were done successfully; 4 (3%) access site complications were detected, 3 (2.4%) groin hematomas with transfemoral approach and 1 hematoma on the left side of the neck, in patients treated with direct carotid cutdown. Surgical repair of FSA was successfully performed for the patients with groin hematoma, whereas surgical wound exploration in the neck for the remaining patient revealed no identifiable cause. All patients received blood transfusion for correction of associated hypovolemia or hemorrhagic anemia. No patients had experienced access site-related additional cardiac, systemic, or neurologic events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors' experience demonstrates that access site complications are rare events with CAS despite the large diameter of implantable devices and liberal anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy. Transbrachial and direct carotid approaches are relatively safe, accepted alternatives in the setting of contraindicated femoral access.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan. mahmoudlotfy1972@yahoo.co.uk
authors: Mahmoud M
authors: MM
authors: Taha
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Sakaida
authors: Fumio
authors: F
authors: Asakura
authors: Masayuki
authors: M
authors: Maeda
authors: Naoki
authors: N
authors: Toma
authors: Takanori
authors: T
authors: Sano
authors: Kotaro
authors: K
authors: Hori
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Matsushima
authors: Waro
authors: W
authors: Taki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001916:Brachial Artery; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000601:surgery*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery; D006406:Hematoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*