title: Left ventricular torsion in primary chronic mitral regurgitation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Torsion is essential for normal systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle (LV), and is known to be abnormal in animal models of mitral regurgitation (MR). There are no comparable data in humans.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study LV torsion in humans with chronic primary MR using speckle-tracking echocardiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rotation and rotation rate were measured from two-dimensional (2D) greyscale LV base and apex short-axis images by speckle-tracking echocardiography in 38 patients and 30 controls. Using custom software, plots of torsion against time were constructed by deducting base rotation from apex rotation. Loops of torsion against LV radial/longitudinal displacement and volume were automatically plotted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peak systolic torsion, systolic torsional velocity and untwisting velocity were similar in the two groups. In controls, untwisting started 23 ms before aortic valve closure but was delayed in MR to 15 ms after aortic valve closure, p<0.001. In normal subjects there was rapid untwisting during isovolumic relaxation, with minimal expansion of the LV radial and longitudinal axes. In MR, early untwisting rate was decreased, with less untwisting for a given volume increase. Extensive LV remodelling and worsening MR were associated with progressive reductions in systolic torsion and untwisting velocity, and progressive delay in the onset of untwisting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic MR results in significant delay and slowing of LV untwisting, such that early untwisting is coupled with chamber expansion. Correlations between disease severity and torsional parameters suggest a potential role of these variables in assessing early signs of ventricular dysfunction.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester M23 9LT, UK. alexborg@ntlworld.com
authors: A N
authors: AN
authors: Borg
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Harrison
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Argyle
authors: S G
authors: SG
authors: Ray
mesh_terms: D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014102:Torsion Abnormality / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology