title: Cannabinoid self-administration in rats: sex differences and the influence of ovarian function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We recently demonstrated the existence of strain differences in self-administration of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist WIN55,212-2 (WIN) by Long Evans (LE) and Lister Hooded (LH) but not Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats. This follow-up study is aimed at verifying whether sex and ovarian hormones might also be critical factors in the initiation, retention and extinction of WIN self-administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  LE, LH and SD male and female rats, the latter either intact or bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX), were trained to self-administer WIN (12.5 microg kg(-1) per infusion) under a FR1 reinforcement schedule, using lever-pressing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data showed that contrary to the findings in SD rats, LE and LH rats developed robust cannabinoid intake, with rates of responding for WIN being constantly higher in intact females than in males (+45 and +42% for LE and LH strains, respectively). In comparison with intact females, OVX females of both strains acquired self-administration at lower rates, displaying slower acquisition, lower drug intake (-42 and -52% for LE and LH, respectively) and longer extinction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide the first evidence of significant sex differences in cannabinoid self-administration, females acquiring stable WIN intake at higher rates and more rapidly than males. Moreover, when compared to intact females, a lower percentage of LE and LH OVX rats acquired and maintained stable drug intake, suggesting that ovarian hormones might represent a critical factor in modulating the reinforcing effect of cannabinoids.
authors: CNR Institute of Neuroscience, c/o Department of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy. lfattore@in.cnr.it
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Fattore
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Spano
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Altea
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Angius
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Fadda
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Fratta
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005108:Extinction, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D009025:Morpholines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010050:Ovarian Function Tests; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000379:methods; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000819:agonists; D012153:Retention, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects; D012646:Self Administration; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D048588:Benzoxazines; D002186:Cannabinoids; D009025:Morpholines; D009281:Naphthalenes; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; C070417:(3R)-((2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-((4-morpholinyl)methyl)pyrrolo-(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)(1-naphthalenyl))methanone