title: Resistance to combined ganciclovir and foscarnet therapy in a liver transplant recipient with possible dual-strain cytomegalovirus coinfection.
abstract: We present a case report of a cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seronegative, 58-year-old male who received a CMV-seropositive donor liver transplant without CMV prophylaxis. On postoperative day 30, the patient developed primary CMV disease that responded to ganciclovir. On postoperative day 114, however, he was diagnosed with recurrent CMV infection. Despite aggressive, combined antiviral treatment with ganciclovir and foscarnet and reduction of immunosuppression, viral clearance was never achieved. Serum samples were collected throughout the infectious process for viral DNA analysis. Portions of the UL97 and UL54 genes were amplified and compared to the AD169 wild-type strain. Sequencing studies revealed the presence of mutations in viral isolates obtained after clinical resistance was observed. These mutations were not present in samples obtained during the primary CMV infection. Our findings suggest the presence of coinfection with at least 2 different strains of CMV rather than induction of mutations after ganciclovir therapy.
authors: Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, and Liver Transplant, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. rodrigj3@ccf.org
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Rodriguez
authors: Katherine
authors: K
authors: Casper
authors: Gregory
authors: G
authors: Smallwood
authors: Andrei
authors: A
authors: Stieber
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Fasola
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Lehneman
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Heffron
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017245:Foscarnet / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D017245:Foscarnet; D015774:Ganciclovir