Postconditioning with a volatile anaesthetic in alveolar epithelial cells in vitro.
Acute lung injury is a common complication in critically ill patients. The present study examined possible immunomodulating effects of the volatile anaesthetic sevoflurane on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) in vitro. Sevoflurane was applied after the onset of injury, simulating a "postconditioning" scenario. Rat AEC were stimulated with LPS for 2 h, followed by a 4-h co-exposure to a CO(2)/air mixture with sevoflurane 2.2 volume %; control cells were exposed to the CO(2)/air mixture only. Cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, as well as the potential protective mediators inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)2 and heat shock protein (HSP)-32, were analysed. Additionally, functional assays (chemotaxis, adherence and cytotoxicity assay) were performed. A significant reduction of inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated, sevoflurane-exposed AEC was found, leading to reduced chemotaxis, neutrophil adherence and neutrophil-induced AEC killing. While iNOS2 was increased in the sevoflurane group, blocking experiments with iNOS2 inhibitor did not affect sevoflurane-induced decrease of inflammatory mediators and AEC killing. Interestingly, sevoflurane treatment also resulted in an enhanced expression of HSP-32. The data presented in the current study provide strong evidence that anaesthetic postconditioning with sevoflurane mediates cytoprotection in the respiratory compartment in an in vitro model of acute lung injury.
Yue
T
T
Institute of Anesthesiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Roth Z'graggen
B
B
Blumenthal
S
S
Neff
S B
SB
Reyes
L
L
Booy
C
C
Steurer
M
M
Spahn
D R
DR
Neff
T A
TA
Schmid
E R
ER
Beck-Schimmer
B
B
D000208:Acute Disease; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055370:Lung Injury; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009174:Mycoplasma / Q000378:metabolism; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D000077149:Sevoflurane
D000777:Anesthetics; D004731:Endotoxins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000077149:Sevoflurane