title: Propolis reduces bacterial translocation and intestinal villus atrophy in experimental obstructive jaundice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of propolis on bacterial translocation and ultrastructure of intestinal morphology in experimental obstructive jaundice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty Wistar-Albino male rats were randomly divided into three groups, each including 10 animals: group I, sham-operated; group II, ligation and division of the common bile duct (BDL); group III, BDL followed by oral supplementation of propolis 100 mg/kg per day. Liver, blood, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and ileal samples were taken for microbiological, light and transmission electron microscopic examination on postoperative 7th d after sacrification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean number of villi per centimeter and mean mucosal height of the propolis group were significantly different in the BDL group (P = 0.001 and 0.012, respectively). The electron microscopic changes were also different between these groups. Sham and BDL + propolis groups had similar incidence of bacterial translocation (BT). The BDL group had significantly higher rates of BT as compared with sham and BDL + propolis groups. BT was predominantly detected in MLNs and the most commonly isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propolis showed a significant protective effect on ileal mucosa and reduced bacterial translocation in the experimental obstructive jaundice model. Further studies should be carried out to explain the mechanisms of these effects.
authors: 4th General Surgery Department, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, S B Ankara Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi 4th, Cerrahi Klinigi 06340, Ulucanlar, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Mehmet  Zafer
authors: M
authors: Sabuncuoglu
authors: Kemal
authors: K
authors: Kismet
authors: Sibel  Serin
authors: S
authors: Kilicoglu
authors: Bulent
authors: B
authors: Kilicoglu
authors: Serap
authors: S
authors: Erel
authors: Sabahattin
authors: S
authors: Muratoglu
authors: Asli  Elif
authors: A
authors: Sunay
authors: Esra
authors: E
authors: Erdemli
authors: Mehmet  Ali
authors: M
authors: Akkus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D041781:Jaundice, Obstructive / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008026:Ligation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D011429:Propolis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D011429:Propolis