title: Epidemiologic attributes of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in Michigan, 1995--2001.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine: (1) the incidence of invasive salmonellosis, (2) the distribution of specific Salmonella serotypes associated with invasive disease, and (3) the role of demographic characteristics in invasive salmonellosis in Michigan.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study using laboratory-confirmed cases of salmonellosis reported to the Michigan Department of Community Health between 1995 and 2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  Average annual incidences (AAIs) for invasive salmonellosis were computed, and Poisson regression analysis was used to model the association between demographic attributes and invasive salmonellosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 6797 cases of salmonellosis, 347 (5.1%) were characterized as invasive having an AAI of 0.5/100000. A covariate-adjusted Poisson model showed children aged <1 year to be at higher risk for invasive salmonellosis compared to adults aged 40-49 years (rate ratio (RR) 8.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.69-14.17). No significant differences were found between males and females (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.83-1.26), African-Americans and Caucasians (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.64-1.42), and urban and rural residents (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.76-1.26). Among the most common serotypes associated with invasive salmonellosis (Heidelberg, Typhimurium, and Enteritidis), Salmonella serotype Heidelberg had the highest blood invasiveness ratio (15.79/100).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children aged <1 year, especially of minority groups, are at higher risk for invasive Salmonella infections. Invasive salmonellosis may be included in the differential diagnosis of acute bacterial infections in young children with positive stool cultures for Salmonella.
authors: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
authors: M Mokhtar
authors: MM
authors: Arshad
authors: Melinda J
authors: MJ
authors: Wilkins
authors: Frances P
authors: FP
authors: Downes
authors: M Hossein
authors: MH
authors: Rahbar
authors: Ronald J
authors: RJ
authors: Erskine
authors: Mathew L
authors: ML
authors: Boulton
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Younus
authors: A Mahdi
authors: AM
authors: Saeed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012475:Salmonella / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D014505:Urban Population