title: Sequencing the botulinum neurotoxin gene and related genes in Clostridium botulinum type E strains reveals orfx3 and a novel type E neurotoxin subtype.
abstract: Three Clostridium botulinum type E strains were sequenced for the botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) gene cluster, and 11 type E strains, representing a wide biodiversity, were sequenced for the bont/E gene. The total length of the BoNT/E gene cluster was 12,908 bp, and a novel gene (partial) designated orfx3, together with the complete orfx2 gene, was identified in the three type E strains for the first time. Apart from orfx3, the structure and organization of the neurotoxin gene cluster of the three strains were identical to those of previously published ones. Only minor differences (</=3%) in the nucleotide sequences of the gene cluster components were observed among the three strains and the published BoNT/E-producing clostridia. The orfx3, orfx2, orfx1, and p47 gene sequences of the three type E strains shared homologies of 81%, 67 to 76%, 78 to 79%, and 79 to 85%, respectively, with published sequences for type A1 and A2 C. botulinum. Analysis of bont/E from the 14 type E strains and 19 previously published BoNT/E-producing clostridia revealed six neurotoxin subtypes, with a new distinct subtype consisting of three Finnish isolates alone. The amino acid sequence of the subtype E6 neurotoxin differed 3 to 6% from the other subtypes, suggesting that these subtype E6 neurotoxins may possess specific antigenic or functional properties.
authors: Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, P.O. Box 66, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Hannu
authors: H
authors: Korkeala
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: Aarnikunnas
authors: Miia
authors: M
authors: Lindström
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003014:Clostridium botulinum / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005810:Multigene Family; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017385:Sequence Homology
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins