title: Putative virulence genes of Vibrio cholerae from seafoods and the coastal environment of Southwest India.
abstract: Shrimp, clam and oysters were obtained at two fish markets and at a fish landing dock, and plankton, water and sediment samples were obtained from four river estuaries, in southern India. The samples were analyzed for Vibrio cholerae by conventional isolation techniques and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures. V. cholerae was isolated from 2 of 5 shrimp, 2 of 5 clam and 5 of 20 water samples. All biochemically confirmed isolates of V. cholerae were positive for toxR. For direct detection of V. cholerae in enrichment broths, PCR was performed using lysates from 0 and 6 h enrichments. All the V. cholerae isolates and enrichment broth lysates were subjected to PCR analysis for the detection of the genes toxR, ctxA, tcpA, ompU, hly, ace, Nag-ST (stn/sto), and ompU. Enrichment broths of all the samples which yielded V. cholerae were positive for toxR, OmpU and hlyA genes, while one of a fresh fish market sample was positive for the ace gene. Choleragenic V. cholerae were absent from all environmental samples and fresh fish from the markets, but one sample of shrimp was positive for V. cholerae O139.
authors: Department of Fishery Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, India.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Saravanan
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Sanath Kumar
authors: Indrani
authors: I
authors: Karunasagar
authors: Iddya
authors: I
authors: Karunasagar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000382:microbiology; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D010125:Ostreidae / Q000382:microbiology; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D012758:Shellfish / Q000382:microbiology*; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002772:Cholera Toxin