title: 14-year changes in emotional and behavioral problems of very young Dutch children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The societal changes experienced by Western societies in recent decades have raised concerns about increases in the level of children's mental health problems. Although studies of secular changes in the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses have indeed shown increases, their results may have been influenced by methodological problems, such as changing diagnostic criteria. Although repeated population studies using identical measures have not indicated such a clear increase in mental health problems, these studies have been limited to school-age children. We therefore investigated changes in Dutch parents' reports of very young children's emotional and behavioral problems over a 14-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared Child Behavior Checklist scores across two Dutch general population samples of 2- and 3-year-olds, one sample assessed in 1989 and one in 2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results revealed only a few changes over time, indicating small decreases in parent-reported problems. Between 1989 and 2003, there were decreases in the mean scores and in the proportions of children with deviant scores on the Anxious/Depressed, Total Problems, Internalizing, and DSM-oriented attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems scales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite indications of increasing problems among school-age children and adolescents, parent-reported problem levels of very young Dutch children have not increased. Our findings even showed some small improvements in parents' reports of very young children's functioning between 1989 and 2003.
authors: Ms. Tick, Mr. van der Ende, and Dr. Verhulst are with the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Dr. Koot is with the Department of Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: jan.vanderende@erasmusmc.nl.
authors: Nouchka T
authors: NT
authors: Tick
authors: Ms. Tick, Mr. van der Ende, and Dr. Verhulst are with the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Dr. Koot is with the Department of Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: van der Ende
authors: Ms. Tick, Mr. van der Ende, and Dr. Verhulst are with the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Dr. Koot is with the Department of Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Hans M
authors: HM
authors: Koot
authors: Ms. Tick, Mr. van der Ende, and Dr. Verhulst are with the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Dr. Koot is with the Department of Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Frank C
authors: FC
authors: Verhulst
mesh_terms: D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors