title: Evaluating the potential and limitations of double-spiking species-specific isotope dilution analysis for the accurate quantification of mercury species in different environmental matrices.
abstract: A new double-spiking approach, based on a multiple-spiking numerical methodology, has been developed and applied for the accurate quantification of inorganic mercury (IHg) and methylmercury (MeHg) by GC-ICPMS in different environmental matrices such as water, sediments and a wide range of biological tissues. For this purpose, two enriched mercury species (201MeHg and 199IHg) were added to the samples before sample preparation in order to quantify the extents of the methylation and demethylation processes, and thereby correct the final species concentrations. A critical evaluation of the applicability of this methodology was performed for each type of matrix, highlighting its main advantages and limitations when correcting for the conversion reactions of the species throughout the whole sample preparation procedure. The double-spike isotope dilution (DSIDA) methodology was evaluated by comparing it with conventional species specific isotope dilution (IDA) when analysing both certified reference materials and environmental samples (water, biotissues and sediment). The results demonstrate that this methodology is able to provide both accurate and precise results for IHg and MeHg when their relative concentrations are not too different (ratio MeHg/IHg > 0.05), a condition that holds for most natural waters and biotissues. Significant limitations on the accurate and precise determination of the demethylation factor are however observed, especially for real sediment samples in which the relative concentrations of the species are substantially different (ratio MeHg/IHg < 0.05). A determination of the sources of uncertainty in the methylation/demethylation factors has demonstrated that the accurate and precise measurement of the isotope ratios in the species involved in the transformations is crucial when quantifying the extents of these reactions. Although the double-spike methodology is established as a reference approach that permits the correction of most analytical biases and the accurate quantification of Hg species, some limitations have been identified for the first time in this work.
authors: Equipe de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254 CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64053, Pau, France. mathilde.monperrus@univ-pau.fr
authors: Mathilde
authors: M
authors: Monperrus
authors: Pablo
authors: P
authors: Rodriguez Gonzalez
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Amouroux
authors: J Ignacio
authors: JI
authors: Garcia Alonso
authors: Olivier F X
authors: OF
authors: Donard
mesh_terms: D004777:Environment; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D008629:Mercury Isotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008629:Mercury Isotopes; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds