title: Household smoking restrictions and adolescent smoking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between household smoking restrictions and adolescent smoking, controlling for parental smoking, peer smoking, and tobacco marketing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis of 1999 data from the Growing Up Today Study, a longitudinal cohort of adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-report questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  10,593 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dependent variable was established smoking (smoking > or = 100 cigarettes). Variables of interest were household smoking restrictions, parental smoking, peer smoking, and tobacco promotional item (TPI) possession.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four percent of participants reported that their households permitted smoking. Parental smoking, peer smoking, and TPI possession were significantly associated with established smoking In logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, peer smoking, and TPI possession, adolescent smoking was inversely related to the presence of a restrictive household policy (odds ratio [OR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48-0.93); however, when parental smoking was added to this model, the association was attenuated (OR = 0.94, CI = 0.65-1.35). When only one parent in the household smoked, smoking restrictions were more common when this parent was the father.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although household smoking restrictions offer health benefits, they do not appear to be associated with adolescent smoking after accounting for other factors. Prior studies did not include parental smoking, peer smoking, and marketing influences. This analytic difference may explain apparent contradictions in the literature.
authors: Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. laurie.fisher@channing.harvard.edu
authors: Laurie B
authors: LB
authors: Fisher
authors: Jonathan P
authors: JP
authors: Winickoff
authors: Carlos A
authors: CA
authors: Camargo
authors: Graham A
authors: GA
authors: Colditz
authors: A Lindsay
authors: AL
authors: Frazier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D040343:Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010379:Peer Group; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012932:Social Facilitation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D019460:Tobacco Industry; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology