title: Cell cycle-dependent induction of autophagy, mitophagy and reticulophagy.
abstract: When added to cells, a variety of autophagy inducers that operate through distinct mechanisms and target different organelles for autophagic destruction (mitochondria in mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum in reticulophagy) rarely induce autophagic vacuolization in more than 50% or the cells. Here we show that this heterogeneity may be explained by cell cycle-specific effects. The BH3 mimetic ABT737, lithium, rapamycin, tunicamycin or nutrient depletion stereotypically induce autophagy preferentially in the G(1) and S phases of the cell cycle, as determined by simultaneous monitoring of cell cycle markers and the cytoplasmic aggregation of GFP-LC3 in autophagic vacuoles. These results point to a hitherto neglected crosstalk between autophagic vacuolization and cell cycle regulation.
authors: INSERM, Villejuif, France.
authors: Ezgi
authors: E
authors: Tasdemir
authors: M Chiara
authors: MC
authors: Maiuri
authors: Nicolas
authors: N
authors: Tajeddine
authors: Ilio
authors: I
authors: Vitale
authors: Alfredo
authors: A
authors: Criollo
authors: José Miguel
authors: JM
authors: Vicencio
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Hickman
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Geneste
authors: Guido
authors: G
authors: Kroemer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats