title: Training needs for mid-level managers and immunisation coverage in Western Kenya.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the current status of immunisation coverage in Western Kenya before intervention, to identify strengths and weaknesses of the existing programme in order to design educational interventions that could improve the services provided and find out the training needs of the mid-level managers of Kenya Expanded Programme of Immunisation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All thirty nine districts in Rift Valley, Western and Nyanza provinces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mid-level managers of Kenya Expanded Programme on Immunisation in the 39 districts and the provinces. These included Provincial Logisticians, Provincial Medical Officers of Health, District Medical Officers of Health, District Public Health Nurses, District Records and Health Information Officers, District Disease Surveillance Officers, and District Public Health Officers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Number of staff trained on EPI, coverage rates and perceived training needs of the mid-level managers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of eighty eight mid-level managers participated in the interviews. Most of these were District Public Health Nurses (40.9%) and District Health Information and Records Officers (23.9%). Only 49 (25%) of the District Health Management Team members had undergone training at the supervisory level. Eighteen districts (43.6%) had no member of the District Health Management Team that had ever been trained at the supervisory level. Using rates of Pentavalent 1 and measles coverage, Nyanza Province had the highest immunisation dropout rate (Pentavalent 1--measles) whereas Rift Valley Province had the lowest. The annual cumulative coverage for all the provinces by antigen was 80% for Pentavalent 1 and 2 and 60% for measles. The most requested need for inclusion in the training curriculum was maintenance of the cold chain equipment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the members in the study area have not been trained on Expanded Programme on Immunisation and may be ill-equipped to manage the complicated programmes needed to maximise delivery of services. The immunisation coverage in this area is low while the dropout rates are high. We therefore recommend that all the mid-level managers of Expanded Programme on Immunisation in this area be trained comprehensively through the Merck Vaccine Network--Africa programme using the World Health Organisation approved mid-level managers course.
authors: Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.
authors: S O
authors: SO
authors: Ayaya
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Liechty
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Conway
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kamau
authors: F O
authors: FO
authors: Esamai
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007318:Inservice Training; D007630:Kenya; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011635:Public Health Administration / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards*; D012034:Refrigeration / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000592:standards / Q000600:supply & distribution*
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines