title: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells express nociceptin/orphanin FQ, but not mu, delta, or kappa opioid receptors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Expression of opioid receptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is controversial. These receptors are currently classified as classical (MOP/mu/mu, DOP/delta/delta and KOP/kappa/kappa) and nonclassical NOP (nociceptin/orphanin FQ; N/OFQ).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this volunteer study we probed for the expression of both classical and nonclassical opioid receptors using 1) radioligand binding, 2) specific antibody binding, and 3) polymerase chain reaction-based experimental paradigms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Membranes prepared from PBMC from healthy volunteers did not bind either [3H]diprenorphine (a nonselective radioligand for classical opioid receptors) or [3H]N/OFQ. There was significant concentration-dependent binding of each radioligand to control tissues expressing recombinant MOP and NOP. In addition, using fluorescence-activated cell sorting paradigms, there was no binding of fluorescent naloxone or either of two MOP antibodies to whole PBMC, though fluorescent naloxone did bind to recombinant MOP (as a positive control). Using primers specific for classical and nonclassical opioid receptors, and RNA extracted from the PBMC of 10 healthy volunteers, we were also unable to detect MOP, DOP, and KOP transcripts. In contrast, NOP was detected in all samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite using several complementary experimental strategies, we failed to demonstrate protein for classical or nonclassical opioid receptors on PBMC from healthy volunteers. We detected NOP mRNA, suggesting low-density NOP expression on these immunocytes. It is possible that N/OFQ, produced by the PBMC itself, may be involved in the control of immune function.
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom.
authors: John P
authors: JP
authors: Williams
authors: Jonathan P
authors: JP
authors: Thompson
authors: John
authors: J
authors: McDonald
authors: Timothy A
authors: TA
authors: Barnes
authors: Tom
authors: T
authors: Cote
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Rowbotham
authors: David G
authors: DG
authors: Lambert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D006224:Cricetinae; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018847:Opioid Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism*; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000378:metabolism; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa / Q000378:metabolism; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000378:metabolism; D000097629:Nociceptin
chemical_list: D018847:Opioid Peptides; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D000097629:Nociceptin