title: Diffusion tensor MR imaging reveals persistent white matter alteration after traumatic brain injury experienced during early childhood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can noninvasively quantify white matter (WM) integrity. Although its application in adult traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common, few studies in children have been reported. The purposes of this study were to examine the alteration of fractional anisotropy (FA) in children with TBI experienced during early childhood and to quantify the association between FA and injury severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  FA was assessed in 9 children with TBI (age = 7.89 +/- 1.00 years; Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] = 10.11 +/- 4.68) and a control group of 12 children with orthopedic injuries without central nervous system involvement (age = 7.51 +/- 0.95 years). All of the subjects were at minimum 12 months after injury. We examined group differences in a series of predetermined WM regions of interest with t test analysis. We subsequently conducted a voxel-wise comparison with Spearman partial correlation analysis. Correlations between FA and injury severity were also calculated on a voxel-wise basis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FA values were significantly reduced in the TBI group in genu of corpus callosum (CC), posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC), superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), superior fronto-occipital fasciculus (SFO), and centrum semiovale (CS). GCS scores were positively correlated with FA in several WM areas including CC, PLIC, SLF, CS, SFO, and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFO).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This DTI study provides evidence that WM integrity remains abnormal in children with moderate-to-severe TBI experienced during early childhood and that injury severity correlated strongly with FA.
authors: Departments of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Yuan
authors: S K
authors: SK
authors: Holland
authors: V J
authors: VJ
authors: Schmithorst
authors: N C
authors: NC
authors: Walz
authors: K M
authors: KM
authors: Cecil
authors: B V
authors: BV
authors: Jones
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Karunanayaka
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Michaud
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Wade
mesh_terms: D016880:Anisotropy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male