Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 promotes liver metastasis by induction of hepatocyte growth factor signaling.
Balanced expression of proteases and their inhibitors is one prerequisite of tissue homeostasis. Metastatic spread of tumor cells through the organism depends on proteolytic activity and is the death determinant for cancer patients. Paradoxically, increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), a natural inhibitor of several endometalloproteinases, including matrix metalloproteinases and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-10 (ADAM-10), in cancer patients is negatively correlated with their survival, although TIMP-1 itself inhibits invasion of some tumor cells. Here, we show that elevated stromal expression of TIMP-1 promotes liver metastasis in two independent tumor models by inducing the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling pathway and expression of several metastasis-associated genes, including HGF and HGF-activating proteases, in the liver. We also found in an in vitro assay that suppression of ADAM-10 is in principle able to prevent shedding of cMet, which may be one explanation for the increase of cell-associated HGF receptor cMet in livers with elevated TIMP-1. Similar TIMP-1-associated changes in gene expression were detected in livers of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The newly identified role of TIMP-1 to create a prometastatic niche may also explain the TIMP-1 paradoxon.
Kopitz
Charlotte
C
Institut für Experimentelle Onkologie und Therapieforschung, Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Gerg
Michael
M
Bandapalli
Obul Reddy
OR
Ister
Dilek
D
Pennington
Caroline J
CJ
Hauser
Stephanie
S
Flechsig
Christin
C
Krell
Hans-Willi
HW
Antolovic
Dalibor
D
Brew
Keith
K
Nagase
Hideaki
H
Stangl
Manfred
M
von Weyhern
Claus W Hann
CW
Brücher
Björn L D M
BL
Brand
Karsten
K
Coussens
Lisa M
LM
Edwards
Dylan R
DR
Krüger
Achim
A
D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000072197:ADAM10 Protein; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism
D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000072197:ADAM10 Protein; C491236:ADAM10 protein, human