title: Levosimendan in patients with acute myocardial ischaemia undergoing emergency surgical revascularization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Levosimendan is a calcium-sensitizing drug that enhances myocardial contractility without increasing intracellular calcium. By activating adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channels it exerts cardioprotective and vasodilatory effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective matched pair analysis was performed in 52 patients undergoing emergency coronary artery bypass grafting for acute myocardial ischaemia with or without cardiogenic shock. A total of 27 patients received levosimendan (bolus 6 microg kg(-1); continuous infusion 0.2 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) in addition to catecholamines, while 25 patients were treated with catecholamines only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Predicted mortality by logistic EuroSCORE was 42% (14-90%) in the levosimendan group and 38% (9-90%) in the control group (median, range). Cardiogenic shock was diagnosed in 52% of the patients in both groups. Compared to the control group, levosimendan-treated patients had fewer intra-aortic balloon pumps inserted (33% vs. 76%, P 0.05) and need for dialysis (11% levosimendan; 32% control, P > 0.05) did not reach statistical significance. Length of hospital stay did not differ (14 +/- 18 days, levosimendan; 13 +/- 19 days, control; P > 0.05) between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this retrospective matched pair analysis of 52 patients undergoing emergency coronary artery bypass grafting for acute ischaemia, levosimendan reduced morbidity. The reduced morbidity did not translate into reductions in mortality or length of stay. A larger, prospective randomized trial is warranted to confirm the potentially beneficial effects of levosimendan in patients with acute ischaemia.
authors: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany. lehmanna@klilu.de
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Lehmann
authors: A-H
authors: AH
authors: Kiessling
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Isgro
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Zeitler
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Thaler
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Boldt
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015331:Cohort Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006835:Hydrazones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007423:Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D000077464:Simendan; D015996:Survival Rate; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D002395:Catecholamines; D006835:Hydrazones; D011724:Pyridazines; D000077464:Simendan