title: Origins and unconventional behavior of neutrophils in developing zebrafish.
abstract: The first leukocytes that arise in the development of vertebrate embryos are the primitive macrophages, which differentiate in the yolk sac and then quickly invade embryonic tissues. These macrophages have been considered to constitute a separate lineage, giving rise to no other cell type. Using an in vivo photoactivatable cell tracer in the transparent zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo, we demonstrated that this lineage also gave rise to an equal or higher number of neutrophilic granulocytes. We were surprised to find that the differentiation of these primitive neutrophils occurs only after primitive myeloid progenitors have dispersed in the tissues. By 2 days after fertilization, these neutrophils have become the major leukocyte type found wandering in the epidermis and mesenchyme. Like the primitive macrophages, all primitive and larval neutrophils express PU.1 and L-plastin and they are highly attracted to local infections, yet only a small fraction of them phagocytose microbes, and to a much lesser extent per cell than the macrophages. They are also attracted to variously stressed or malformed tissues, suggesting a wider role than antimicrobial defense.
authors: Unité Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité de Recherche Associée 2578, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors: Dorothée
authors: D
authors: Le Guyader
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Redd
authors: Emma
authors: E
authors: Colucci-Guyon
authors: Emi
authors: E
authors: Murayama
authors: Karima
authors: K
authors: Kissa
authors: Valérie
authors: V
authors: Briolat
authors: Elodie
authors: E
authors: Mordelet
authors: Agustin
authors: A
authors: Zapata
authors: Hiroto
authors: H
authors: Shinomiya
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Herbomel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000276:immunology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000276:immunology; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004817:Epidermis / Q000196:embryology* / Q000276:immunology*; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology*; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology* / Q000276:immunology