title: Regulation and functional role of the Runt-related transcription factor-2 in pancreatic cancer.
abstract: Recent evidence suggests that Runt-related transcription factors play a role in different human tumours. In the present study, the localisation of the Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), its transcriptional activity, as well as its regulation of expression was analysed in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used for Runx2 expression and localisation analysis. Runt-related transcription factor-2 expression was silenced using specific siRNA oligonucleotides in pancreatic cancer cells (Panc-1) and immortalised pancreatic stellate cells (IPSCs). Overexpression of Runx2 was achieved using a full-length expression vector. TGF-beta1, BMP2, and other cytokines were assessed for their potential to regulate Runx2 expression. There was a 6.1-fold increase in median Runx2 mRNA levels in PDAC tissues compared to normal pancreatic tissues (P<0.0001). Runt-related transcription factor-2 was localised in pancreatic cancer cells, tubular complexes, and PanIN lesions of PDAC tissues as well as in tumour-associated fibroblasts/stellate cells. Coculture of IPSCs and Panc-1 cells, as well as treatment with TGF-beta1 and BMP2, led to increased Runx2 expression in Panc-1 cells. Runt-related transcription factor-2 overexpression was associated with decreased MMP1 release as well as decreased growth and invasion of Panc-1 cells. These effects were reversed by Runx2 silencing. In conclusion, Runx2 is overexpressed in PDAC, where it is regulated by certain cytokines such as TGF-beta1 and BMP2 in an auto- and paracrine manner. In addition, Runx2 has the potential to regulate the transcription of extracellular matrix modulators such as SPARC and MMP1, thereby influencing the tumour microenvironment.
authors: Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kayed
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Jiang
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Keleg
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Jesnowski
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Giese
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Berger
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Esposito
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Löhr
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Friess
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Kleeff
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C493709:RUNX2 protein, human; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1