title: Effects of environmental changes in a stair climbing intervention: generalization to stair descent.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Visual improvements have been shown to encourage stair use in worksites independently of written prompts. This study examined whether visual modifications alone can influence behavior in a shopping mall. Climbing one flight of stairs, however, will not confer health benefits. Therefore, this study also assessed whether exposure to the intervention encouraged subsequent stair use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interrupted time-series design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Escalators flanked by a staircase on either side.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ascending and descending pedestrians (N = 81,948).
  
  
  METHODS
  Following baseline monitoring, a colorful design was introduced on the stair risers of one staircase (the target staircase). A health promotion message was superimposed later on top. The intervention was visible only to ascending pedestrians. Thus, any rise in descending stair use would indicate increased intention to use stairs, which endured after initial exposure to the intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observers inconspicuously coded pedestrians' means of ascent/descent and demographic characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The design alone had no meaningful impact. Addition of the message, however, increased stair climbing at the target and nontarget staircases by 190% and 52%, respectively. The message also produced a modest increase in stair descent at the target (25%) and nontarget (9%) staircases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In public venues, a message component is critical to the success of interventions. In addition, it appears that exposure to an intervention can encourage pedestrians to use stairs on a subsequent occasion.
authors: School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-Upon-Thames Surrey, England. o.webb@kingston.ac.uk
authors: Oliver J
authors: OJ
authors: Webb
authors: Frank F
authors: FF
authors: Eves
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002755:Choice Behavior; D004607:Elevators and Escalators / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004779:Environment Design; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D019370:Observation; D010565:Persuasive Communication; D011633:Public Facilities; D040241:Social Marketing; D006113:United Kingdom; D014796:Visual Perception; D016138:Walking / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*