title: The dose-volume relationship of small bowel irradiation and acute grade 3 diarrhea during chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous work has found a highly significant relationship between the irradiated small-bowel volume and development of Grade 3 small-bowel toxicity in patients with rectal cancer. This study tested the previously defined parameters in a much larger group of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 96 consecutive patients receiving pelvic radiation therapy for rectal cancer had treatment planning computed tomographic scans with small-bowel contrast that allowed the small bowel to be outlined with calculation of a small-bowel dose-volume histogram for the initial intended pelvic treatment to 45 Gy. Patients with at least one parameter above the previously determined dose-volume parameters were considered high risk, whereas those with all parameters below these levels were low risk. The grade of diarrhea and presence of liquid stool was determined prospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a highly significant association with small-bowel dose-volume and Grade 3 diarrhea (p < or = 0.008). The high-risk and low-risk parameters were predictive with Grade 3 diarrhea in 16 of 51 high-risk patients and in 4 of 45 low-risk patients (p = 0.01). Patients who had undergone irradiation preoperatively had a lower incidence of Grade 3 diarrhea than those treated postoperatively (18% vs. 28%; p = 0.31); however, the predictive ability of the high-risk/low-risk parameters was better for preoperatively (p = 0.03) than for postoperatively treated patients (p = 0.15). Revised risk parameters were derived that improved the overall predictive ability (p = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The highly significant dose-volume relationship and validity of the high-risk and low-risk parameters were confirmed in a large group of patients. The risk parameters provided better modeling for the preoperative patients than for the postoperative patients.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA. jrobertson@beaumont.edu
authors: John M
authors: JM
authors: Robertson
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Lockman
authors: Di
authors: D
authors: Yan
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: Wallace
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D010388:Pelvis; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D005472:Fluorouracil