title: Intraoperative frozen-section analysis for thyroid nodules: a step toward clarity or confusion?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine accuracy and intertest agreement of preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and intraoperative frozen-section analysis (FS) findings in thyroid surgery, and to assess the influence of intraoperative FS findings on decision making and the utility of FS in thyroid surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis. The results of preoperative FNAC, intraoperative FS, and final histopathological analyses were taken from the histopathology reports. We calculated intertest agreement using the kappa statistic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-hundred fifteen patients who underwent primary thyroid surgery. All patients were treated by the same surgeon (S.J.W.).
  
  
  RESULTS
  T he sensitivity and specificity of FNAC were 57.4% and 91.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of FS were 32.4% and 96.5%, respectively. The intertest agreement was poor (kappa = 0.17). In case of malignant FNAC findings, the FS result did not influence treatment decisions; in case of a malignant FS result on the background of a benign, indeterminate, or nondiagnostic FNAC finding, the FS result influenced treatment decisions in 88% of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative FS did not give additional information in cases where a malignant neoplasm was predicted by the FNAC finding. In this setting, it led to conflicting results and did not contribute to correct decision making.
authors: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Calgary Health Region, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors: Gerhard F
authors: GF
authors: Huber
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Dziegielewski
authors: T Wayne
authors: TW
authors: Matthews
authors: S Joseph
authors: SJ
authors: Warshawski
authors: Leanne M
authors: LM
authors: Kmet
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Faris
authors: Moosa
authors: M
authors: Khalil
authors: Joseph C
authors: JC
authors: Dort
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000231:Adenocarcinoma, Papillary / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018249:Adenoma, Oxyphilic / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000473:pathology; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery