title: Clinical benefit of palliative radiation therapy in advanced gastric cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Local progression of advanced gastric cancer often manifests as bleeding, dysphagia/obstruction, or pain. We evaluated the magnitude and durability of palliation with radiotherapy (RT).
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1996 to 2004, 37 gastric cancer patients were treated with palliative RT (median dose 35 Gy in 14 fractions). Nearly two-thirds of all patients received concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CRT). Index pre-treatment symptoms were gastric bleeding, dysphagia/obstruction, and pain in 54%, 43%, and 19% of patients, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rates of control for bleeding, dysphagia/obstruction, and pain were 70% (14/20), 81% (13/16), and 86% (6/7), respectively. These symptoms were controlled without additional interventions for a median of 70%, 81%, and 49% of the patient's remaining life, respectively. Patients receiving CRT had a trend towards better median overall survival than those receiving RT alone (6.7 vs. 2.4 months, p=0.08). Lower (<41 Gy) biologically effective dose (BED, assuming an alpha/beta ratio of 10 for early responding tissues) predicted for poorer local control (6-month local control 70% vs. 100%, p=0.05) while T4 tumors had a trend towards inferior local control (6-month LC 56% vs. 100%, p=0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Palliative RT controls symptoms for most of the remaining life in the majority of gastric cancer patients. The role of a higher dose of RT (BED >or=41 Gy), especially in patients with T4 tumors, remains to be established. In order to accurately define the role for radiotherapy in palliation of these symptoms, prospective randomized studies need to be conducted.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Michelle M
authors: MM
authors: Kim
authors: Vishal
authors: V
authors: Rana
authors: Nora A
authors: NA
authors: Janjan
authors: Prajnan
authors: P
authors: Das
authors: Alexandria T
authors: AT
authors: Phan
authors: Marc E
authors: ME
authors: Delclos
authors: Paul F
authors: PF
authors: Mansfield
authors: Jaffer A
authors: JA
authors: Ajani
authors: Christopher H
authors: CH
authors: Crane
authors: Sunil
authors: S
authors: Krishnan
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D005774:Gastrostomy; D006801:Humans; D007582:Jejunostomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D010166:Palliative Care; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery