title: Prognostic factors affecting locally recurrent rectal cancer and clinical significance of hemoglobin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate potential prognostic factors, including hemoglobin levels before and during radiotherapy, for associations with survival and local control in patients with unirradiated locally recurrent rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten potential prognostic factors were investigated in 94 patients receiving radiotherapy for recurrent rectal cancer: age (<or=68 vs. >or=69 years), gender, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (0-1 vs. 2-3), American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (<or=II vs. III vs. IV), grading (G1-2 vs. G3), surgery, administration of chemotherapy, radiation dose (equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions: <or=50 vs. >50 Gy), and hemoglobin levels before (<12 vs. >or=12 g/dL) and during (majority of levels: <12 vs. >or=12 g/dL) radiotherapy. Multivariate analyses were performed, including hemoglobin levels, either before or during radiotherapy (not both) because these are confounding variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improved survival was associated with better performance status (p<0.001), lower AJCC stage (p=0.023), surgery (p=0.011), chemotherapy (p=0.003), and hemoglobin levels>or=12 g/dL both before (p=0.031) and during (p<0.001) radiotherapy. On multivariate analyses, performance status, AJCC stage, and hemoglobin levels during radiotherapy maintained significance. Improved local control was associated with better performance status (p=0.040), lower AJCC stage (p=0.010), lower grading (p=0.012), surgery (p<0.001), chemotherapy (p<0.001), and hemoglobin levels>or=12 g/dL before (p<0.001) and during (p<0.001) radiotherapy. On multivariate analyses, chemotherapy, grading, and hemoglobin levels before and during radiotherapy remained significant. Subgroup analyses of the patients having surgery demonstrated the extent of resection to be significantly associated with local control (p=0.011) but not with survival (p=0.45).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Predictors for outcome in patients who received radiotherapy for locally recurrent rectal cancer were performance status, AJCC stage, chemotherapy, surgery, extent of resection, histologic grading, and hemoglobin levels both before and during radiotherapy.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany. Rades.Dirk@gmx.net
authors: Dirk
authors: D
authors: Rades
authors: Hildegard
authors: H
authors: Kuhn
authors: Juergen
authors: J
authors: Schultze
authors: Nils
authors: N
authors: Homann
authors: Bernd
authors: B
authors: Brandenburg
authors: Rainer
authors: R
authors: Schulte
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Krull
authors: Steven E
authors: SE
authors: Schild
authors: Juergen
authors: J
authors: Dunst
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins