title: Differences in the quality of the patient-physician relationship among terminally ill African-American and white patients: impact on advance care planning and treatment preferences.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the quality of the patient-physician relationship for terminally ill African Americans.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the quality of the patient-physician relationship between African-American and white patients and examine the extent to which relationship quality contributes to differences in advance care planning (ACP) and preferences for intensive life-sustaining treatment (LST).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional survey of 803 terminally ill African-American and white patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient-reported quality of the patient-physician relationship (degree of trust, perceived respect, and joint decision making; skill in breaking bad news and listening; help in navigating the medical system), ACP, preferences for LST (cardiopulmonary resuscitation, major surgery, mechanical ventilation, and dialysis).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The quality of the patient-physician relationship was worse for African Americans than for white patients by all measures except trust. African Americans were less likely to have an ACP (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.52-0.84), and were more likely to have a preference for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and dialysis (aRR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.03-1.58; aRR = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.07-1.47, respectively). Additional adjustment for the quality of the patient-physician relationship had no impact on the differences in ACP and treatment preferences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower reported patient-physician relationship quality for African-American patients does not explain the observed differences between African Americans and whites in ACP and preferences for LST.
authors: Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brookline, MA, USA. asmith7@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors: Alexander K
authors: AK
authors: Smith
authors: Roger B
authors: RB
authors: Davis
authors: Eric L
authors: EL
authors: Krakauer
mesh_terms: D032722:Advance Care Planning / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016224:Living Wills / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D019452:Terminally Ill; D035502:Trust; D044465:White People