title: Influence of ScaI and natriuretic peptide (NP) clearance receptor polymorphisms of the NP System on NP concentration in chronic heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetic variants related to the natriuretic peptide (NP) system [ScaI mutated allele (A1) of the atrial NP (ANP) gene and the C variant of the natriuretic peptide clearance receptor (NPRC) gene] have been identified as independent risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite the importance of NPs in heart failure (HF), the role of these polymorphisms in HF has not been evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We screened 124 HF patients [mean (SD), age 66 (12) years, 100 men, ejection fraction 32% (10%), New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I-II 65, III-IV 59] for NP concentrations [ANP, brain NP (BNP) and amino-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP)] and for the ScaI and NPRC variants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ScaI polymorphism had no effect on NP concentration in the NYHA I-II subgroup. Conversely, in severe HF, A1 carriers had higher ANP (P < or =0.05), BNP (P <0.01), and NT-proBNP (P <0.01) than A2A2 patients. After multivariate adjustment, A1 presence remained an independent predictor for increased NP. Regarding NPRC polymorphism in mild HF, higher ANP (P <0.05) and BNP (P <0.05) were observed in CC than A allele carriers. After multivariate adjustment, however, this association did not remain significant. In severe HF, the NPRC polymorphism had no effect on NP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ScaI polymorphism of the ANP gene might be an important additive genetic factor influencing neurohormonal activation and disease progression in severe HF. The NPRC polymorphism is not an independent determinant of NP concentration in HF.
authors: Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy. cristina.vassalle@ifc.cnr.it
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Vassalle
authors: Maria Grazia
authors: MG
authors: Andreassi
authors: Concetta
authors: C
authors: Prontera
authors: Marianna
authors: M
authors: Fontana
authors: Luc
authors: L
authors: Zyw
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Passino
authors: Michele
authors: M
authors: Emdin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017461:Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D017461:Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor; C073616:atrial natriuretic factor receptor C