title: Long-term clinical outcomes with sirolimus-eluting coronary stents: five-year results of the RAVEL trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the clinical outcomes at 5 years in RAVEL (A Randomized Comparison of a Sirolimus-Eluting Stent With a Standard Stent for Coronary Revascularization), the first controlled trial of drug-eluting stents.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The 6-month rate of angiographic coronary restenosis has been markedly lowered by sirolimus-eluting stents (SES). The long-term performance of drug-eluting stents, however, is under close scrutiny.
  
  
  METHODS
  The trial included 238 patients (mean age 60.7 +/- 10.4 years, 76% men) with a single, de novo native coronary artery lesion, randomly assigned to treatment with SES versus bare-metal stents (BMS). Rates of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and percutaneous or surgical revascularization up to 5 years of follow-up, and rates of stent thrombosis were compared between the 2 treatment groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete datasets were available in 92.5% of patients treated with SES and 89.1% of patients assigned to BMS. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year rates of survival free from target lesion revascularization (TLR) were, respectively, 99.2%, 93.8%, and 89.7% in the SES group versus 75.9%, 75.0%, and 74.0% in the control group (p < 0.001; log-rank). Rates of all MACE at 5 years were 25.8% in patients treated with SES versus 35.2% in patients assigned to BMS (p = 0.03; log-rank). Rates of stent thrombosis, per protocol or by the Academic Research Consortium definitions, were similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 5-year rate of TLR associated with SES was significantly lower than that with BMS. There was no apparent adverse effect associated with the use of SES, although the trial was not powered to examine uncommon complications.
authors: Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Massy, France. mc.morice@icps.com.fr
authors: Marie-Claude
authors: MC
authors: Morice
authors: Patrick W
authors: PW
authors: Serruys
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Barragan
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Bode
authors: Gerrit-Anne
authors: GA
authors: Van Es
authors: Hans-Peter
authors: HP
authors: Stoll
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Snead
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Mauri
authors: Donald E
authors: DE
authors: Cutlip
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: Sousa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015607:Stents; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D020123:Sirolimus