title: Current pharmacologic treatment paradigms for inflammatory bowel disease and the potential role of granulocyte/monocyte apheresis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A broad range of pharmacologic therapies are available to treat active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including 5-aminosalicylate preparations, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants (e.g., azathio prine/6-mercaptopurine [AZA/6-MP] or methotrexate). Although these therapies are effective, up to 60% of patients are refractory or intolerant. Biologic therapies, such as the anti-TNF agent infliximab, offer promise but are not without controversy; despite many positive reports, steroid-refractory patients are less likely than other individuals to respond to infliximab. Effective, long-term therapies that do not add to the adverse-effects burden in patients with IBD are needed. Of these, granulocyte/monocyte apheresis (GMA) is one promising approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed and relevant congresses databases were searched using the terms 'granulocyte/monocyte apheresis,' 'GMA,' 'leukocytapheresis,' 'Adacolumn,' and 'Cellsorba.' These studies were further selected to include only those focusing on IBD. A time frame of 2000-2006 was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from open-label trials show that patients with moderate-to-severe IBD refractory to conventional pharmacologic treatment achieved clinical response and/or remission after treatment with GMA. Furthermore, recent small open-label trials of GMA show increased rates of induction and maintenance of response/remission in steroid-naïve IBD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The remission rates seen in these open-label clinical trials of GMA are consistent with those of currently available pharmacologic therapies for IBD. However, the majority of these trials enrolled only small numbers of patients, were largely open-label, and were of limited duration. These data must be confirmed in well-controlled, large-scale clinical trials.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1660 TVC, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. david.a.schwartz@Vanderbilt.Edu
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Schwartz
authors: John R
authors: JR
authors: Ferguson
mesh_terms: D001781:Blood Component Removal; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology*