title: Minimally invasive radio-guided surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy can reduce operative morbidity and operative time. Radio-guided parathyroidectomy utilizing Tc-99m Sestamibi is one approach to minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. Here, we report a multimedia case study of minimally invasive radio-guided parathyroidectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 60-year-old African American female was found to have total calcium of 11.1 mg/dl, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) of 175 pg/ml, and a 24-h urine calcium of 620 mg/24 h. A Tc-99 Sestamibi scan (23.5 mCi of Tc-99 Sestamibi injected i.v.) and ultrasound localized a candidate adenoma to the right upper position. The patient was injected with 5.3 mCi Tc-99m Sestamibi 3 h before incision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A gamma probe (C-Trak Automatic System, Care Wise Medical Products) recorded in vivo counts of the right upper parathyroid (3,465) that were 160% of the background. Background counts were recorded from the resected tumor bed (2,224). A 1.4-g adenoma was identified in this location; ex vivo counts (3,226) were 150% of the background. Intra-operative iPTH baseline values were 176 pg/ml and 148 pg/ml, and 5- and 10-min post-resection levels were 17 pg/ml (90% drop) and 18 pg/ml (90% drop), respectively. The patient's recovery was uncomplicated. At 1 week postoperatively, total calcium was 8.9 mg/dl and iPTH was 16 pg/ml. At 1 year, the calcium and iPTH levels were 8.7 mg/dl and 53 pg/ml, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radio-guided minimally invasive parathyroidectomy using Tc-99 Sestamibi localization is an effective approach to hyperparathyroidism. For patients without localization, exposure of all four parathyroid glands is preferable. Surgeons should be familiar with both techniques.
authors: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3873, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors: Brian R
authors: BR
authors: Untch
authors: Michael E
authors: ME
authors: Barfield
authors: Joe
authors: J
authors: Bason
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Olson
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D015902:Gamma Cameras; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016105:Parathyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi