title: Cervical dystonia: disease profile and clinical management.
abstract: Cervical dystonia, the most common focal dystonia, frequently results in cervical pain and disability as well as impairments affecting postural control. The predominant treatment for cervical dystonia is provided by physicians, and treatment can vary from pharmacological to surgical. Little literature examining more conservative approaches, such as physical therapy, exists. This article reviews the etiology and pathophysiology of the disease as well as medical and physical therapist management for people with cervical dystonia.
authors: Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Blvd, Campus Box 8502, St Louis, MO 63108, USA. crownerb@wustl.edu
authors: Beth E
authors: BE
authors: Crowner
mesh_terms: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001418:Baclofen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D003714:Denervation; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010808:Physical Examination; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology; D014103:Torticollis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D001418:Baclofen