title: Lossy three-dimensional JPEG2000 compression of abdominal CT images: assessment of the visually lossless threshold and effect of compression ratio on image quality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively determine the maximum compression ratio at which compressed images are indistinguishable from the original by using a three-dimensional (3D) wavelet algorithm.
  
  
  METHODS
  The protocol of this study was approved by the local Institutional Review Board and informed consent was waived. Sixty emergency abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scans of patients (31 men, 29 women; mean age +/- standard deviation, 50.8 years +/- 20.1; range, 17-80 years) with acute abdominal pain were subjected to lossy irreversible three-dimensional Joint Photographic Experts Group 2000 (3D-JPEG2000) compression by using four compression ratios (4:1, 8:1, 12:1, and 16:1). Groups contained five patients for each of 12 common diagnoses for acute abdominal pain. Images were obtained by using a multidetector CT scanner (Sensation Cardiac 64; Siemens, Forcheim, Germany) with 3- and 6-mm-thick sections. Three radiologists independently compared one case-relevant image per patient with the original image at different compression ratios. They had to determine which image was the original by using a forced-choice, two-alternative model and to subjectively rank image quality. For analysis, a binomial test was used, a Bonferroni correction was applied, and a P value of .01 indicated a significant difference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Images compressed at ratios of 4:1 and 8:1 were visually indistinguishable and essentially indistinguishable, respectively, from the original images (P > .01 for all readers). For the 12:1 and 16:1 ratios, all readers definitively (P < .001) identified the original images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The highest 3D-JPEG2000 compression ratio for abdominal CT scans, at which compressed images are essentially indistinguishable from the original, is 8:1.
authors: Department of Radiology, University Hospital Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria. helmut.ringl@meduniwien.ac.at
authors: Helmut
authors: H
authors: Ringl
authors: Ruediger E
authors: RE
authors: Schernthaner
authors: Christiane
authors: C
authors: Kulinna-Cosentini
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Weber
authors: Cornelia
authors: C
authors: Schaefer-Prokop
authors: Christian J
authors: CJ
authors: Herold
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Schima
mesh_terms: D000006:Abdomen, Acute / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016477:Artifacts; D044962:Data Compression / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*