Are women appropriately represented and assessed in clinical trials submitted for marketing authorization? A review of the database of the European Medicines Agency.
OBJECTIVE
There is concern that patients included in trials do not represent the true patient population and women in particular may selectively be excluded. We looked at trial data submitted to the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) by drug companies to achieve marketing authorization in Europe between 2000 and 2003.


METHODS
We reviewed the EMEA database and included the main studies for the risk/benefit assessment (pivotal trials) submitted between 2000 and 2003.


RESULTS
In pivotal trials submitted to the EMEA there was no, or generally clinically negligible, evidence for gender bias; however, women were underrepresented in hypertension, diabetes and hepatitis B trials, and overrepresented in rheumatoid arthritis and allergic conjunctivitis.


CONCLUSIONS
In trials submitted for marketing authorization to the EMEA gender bias was not a serious problem.
Müllner
M
M
Austria Medicines and Medical Devices Agency/AGES PharmMed, Vienna, Austria. marcus.muellner@ages.at
Vamvakas
S
S
Rietschel
M
M
van Zwieten-Boot
B J
BJ
D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D017277:Drug Approval; D004345:Drug Industry; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006077:Government Agencies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D011287:Prejudice; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016387:Women's Health