title: Comparative study of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand activities of six chemicals in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand activities of six known AhR ligands were compared in vivo and in vitro. The in vivo ligand activity was estimated in terms of induction of cytochrome P450 1A1/2 activities, i.e., ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) and methoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (MROD) activities, and in vitro ligand activity was evaluated with a recombinant yeast reporter gene assay. The test chemicals were 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), beta-naphthoflavone (beta-NF), indirubin, indigo, 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) and diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD). The first four showed potent AhR ligand activity in vitro, comparable with that of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, while DIM and DPPD showed weaker activity. Administration of MC and beta-NF to mice caused significant induction of EROD and MROD activities, while indirubin, indigo and DIM also induced these activities, but less potently. DPPD also induced the activities, but was toxic at higher doses. These enhancing effects were lost or greatly reduced in Ahr-null mice (Ahr (-/-)). Our results suggest that EROD and MROD activity assays are useful for evaluating the AhR ligand activity of chemicals in vivo, where the biodynamics of the chemicals plays an important role.
authors: Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan. kazumi@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
authors: Kazumi
authors: K
authors: Sugihara
authors: Takashige
authors: T
authors: Okayama
authors: Shigeyuki
authors: S
authors: Kitamura
authors: Keisuke
authors: K
authors: Yamashita
authors: Mineo
authors: M
authors: Yasuda
authors: Shinichi
authors: S
authors: Miyairi
authors: Yasushi
authors: Y
authors: Minobe
authors: Shigeru
authors: S
authors: Ohta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2