title: TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta-mediated regulation of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in human glomerular mesangial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal cells such as mesangial cells are known to secrete metalloproteinases that are capable of degrading the constituents of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Disruption of the GBM via cytokine-induced alterations in matrixmetalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) may be an important mechanism in the renal disease process. In renal disease, both resident renal cells and infiltrating immune cells are capable of secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumour necrosing factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta). In this study, we examine the potential of these cytokines to alter levels of MMPs and TIMPs in human mesangial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The T-HMC human mesangial cell line was cultured in RPMI 1640 containing 5% serum. Cells at confluency were serum starved for 24 h prior to exposure to TNF-alpha (0.1-100 ng/ml) or IL-1 beta (0.1-100 ng/ml) or a combination of both for 48 h. Activity of MMP-9 was examined by gelatin zymography and TIMP-1 expression was analysed by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TNF-alpha but not IL-1 beta resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the latent form of MMP-9 and a decrease in TIMP-1 production. Co-treatment with IL-1 beta had no effect on the induction of MMP-9 but increased the inhibition of TIMP-1 in the presence of TNF-alpha. Inhibition of PKC provided evidence of the importance of this pathway in mediating the TNF-alpha-induced suppression of TIMP-1. Activation of the ERK 1/2 MAPK mediated both the upregulation of MMP-9 and the inhibition of TIMP-1 following TNF-alpha treatment. p38 MAPK activation was also found to be involved in the TNF-alpha-stimulated MMP-9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cytokine TNF-alpha causes different effects on human mesangial MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression which are mediated through the TNF-RI, and the different signalling pathways of PKC, ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK. This suggests an important role for pro-inflammatory cytokines in renal disease progression.
authors: School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors: Larine
authors: L
authors: Nee
authors: Niamh
authors: N
authors: Tuite
authors: Michael P
authors: MP
authors: Ryan
authors: Tara
authors: T
authors: McMorrow
mesh_terms: D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000502:physiology*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology; D050527:Mesangial Cells / Q000201:enzymology*; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9