title: Polymorphisms at the osteoprotegerin and interleukin-6 genes in relation to first-ever stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Arterial calcification and osteoporosis often coexist, especially in postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis associates with a substantially increased risk of stroke in elderly women, suggesting that impaired estrogen signaling may link stroke and osteoporosis. Osteoprotegerin (OPG, TNFRSF11B) and interleukin-6 (IL-6, IL6) are putative target genes for estrogen signaling and have been implicated in both cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. We hypothesized that specific polymorphisms in these genes may be associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a population-based prospective nested case-control study, in which the relationships between polymorphisms (OPG-1181G/C, OPG-950T/C and IL6-174G/C) and ischemic stroke and ICH were examined. Definitive first-ever stroke events (n = 388), i.e. ischemic stroke (n = 320), ICH (n = 61) and unspecified stroke (n = 7) cases, and controls without cardiovascular disease (n = 773), matched for age, sex and geographical region were studied. Univariate and multivariate models using conditional logistic regression, which included traditional risk factors, were used to test for association.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Carriers of the OPG-1181C/C genotype had a significantly (p = 0.018) increased risk of ICH (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.19-6.12) in the univariate analysis. After adjustments (hypertension, diabetes, BMI and triglycerides), this genotype remained significantly (p = 0.005) associated with ICH (OR, 6.04; 95% CI, 1.71-21.29). By contrast, no correlations were found between this genotype and ischemic stroke, nor between the OPG-950T/C or IL6-174G/C polymorphisms and stroke subtypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population, the OPG-1181C/C genotype associates with first-ever ICH, implying that alterations in OPG-mediated signaling in the vasculature may be involved in the pathophysiology of this disease.
authors: Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors: Magnus
authors: M
authors: Strand
authors: Ingegerd
authors: I
authors: Soderstrom
authors: Per-Gunnar
authors: PG
authors: Wiklund
authors: Goran
authors: G
authors: Hallmans
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Weinehall
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Soderberg
authors: Tommy
authors: T
authors: Olsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000235:genetics*; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; C506030:TNFRSF11B protein, human