Antiatherogenicity of extra virgin olive oil and its enrichment with green tea polyphenols in the atherosclerotic apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice: enhanced macrophage cholesterol efflux.
The antiatherogenic properties of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) enriched with green tea polyphenols (GTPPs; hereafter called EVOO-GTPP), in comparison to EVOO, were studied in the atherosclerotic apolipoprotein-E-deficient (E0) mice. E0 mice (eight mice in each group) consumed EVOO or EVOO-GTPP (7 microl/mouse/day, for 2 months) by gavage feeding. The placebo group received only water. At the end of the study, blood samples, peritoneal macrophages and aortas were collected. Consumption of EVOO or EVOO-GTPP resulted in a minimal increase in serum total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (by 12%) and in serum paraoxonase 1 activity (by 6% and 10%). EVOO-GTPP (but not EVOO) decreased the susceptibility of the mouse serum to AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation (by 18%), as compared to the placebo-treated mice. The major effect of both EVOO and EVOO-GTPP consumption was on HDL-mediated macrophage cholesterol efflux. Consumption of EVOO stimulated cholesterol efflux rate from mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) by 42%, while EVOO-GTPP increased it by as much as 139%, as compared to MPMs from placebo-treated mice. Finally, the atherosclerotic lesion size of mice was significantly reduced by 11% or 20%, after consumption of EVOO or EVOO-GTPP, respectively. We thus conclude that EVOO possesses beneficial antiatherogenic effects, and its enrichment with GTPPs further improved these effects, leading to the attenuation of atherosclerosis development.
Rosenblat
Mira
M
The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31096, Israel.
Volkova
Nina
N
The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31096, Israel.
Coleman
Raymond
R
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 31096, Israel.
Almagor
Yaron
Y
Department of Cardiology, Shaarei Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 91031, Israel.
Aviram
Michael
M
The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31096, Israel.
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D000069463:Olive Oil; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059808:Polyphenols; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry
D000975:Antioxidants; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D005419:Flavonoids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010636:Phenols; D010938:Plant Oils; D059808:Polyphenols; D013662:Tea; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D002784:Cholesterol