title: Transdermal fentanyl reduces pain and improves functional activity in neuropathic pain states.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The efficacy of transdermal fentanyl in chronic neuropathic pain has not been well studied. We examined the effects of transdermal fentanyl on pain and function in patients with chronic neuropathic pain states.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 16-week open-label study evaluated pre- and postdrug therapy effects. An actigraph was used to record pain scores (0-10) three times a day and activity level (8 am-8 pm) continuously. Pain scores were also entered in pain diary logs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted on subjects visiting the Johns Hopkins Hospital as outpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with peripheral neuropathic pain (N = 25), complex regional pain syndrome-1 (N = 19), and postamputation pain (N = 9) were enrolled in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  After a 2-week baseline, transdermal fentanyl was titrated over 6 weeks with a dose of 25-150 microg/h based on individual response and then followed for an 8-week maintenance period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Average pain score and activity level were compared during the last week of the baseline and maintenance periods. Subgroup effects were also examined. Other outcome measures included pain relief (0-100%), cognition, affect, and impairment of function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty patients completed the study, and 13 withdrew at varying time points. The average dose for transdermal fentanyl was 105.6 microg/h. Significant reductions in pain (-2.94 +/- 0.27) and percent pain relief (33.7 +/- 14%) were observed. These reductions in pain were accompanied by a 37.4% average increase in daytime activity. Sedation and nausea/vomiting were the common side effects. No significant changes were observed in tests of cognition or affect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, there was a significant reduction in pain intensity and increase in activity in neuropathic pain patients treated with transdermal fentanyl.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
authors: Shefali
authors: S
authors: Agarwal
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Polydefkis
authors: Brian
authors: B
authors: Block
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Haythornthwaite
authors: Srinivasa N
authors: SN
authors: Raja
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D005283:Fentanyl