title: Ocimum sanctum Linn. (Holy Basil) ethanolic leaf extract protects against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and imbalance in xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes.
abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of ethanolic Ocimum sanctum leaf extract against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and imbalance in xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Four different concentrations of ethanolic O. sanctum leaf extract (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg of body weight) were administered to Wistar rats by intragastric intubation for five consecutive days followed by intraperitoneal injection of DMBA (35 mg/kg of body weight) 90 minutes after the final dose of the extract. Administration of DMBA increased bone marrow micronuclei, phase I enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl formation. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in the activities of phase II detoxification enzymes and antioxidants in the liver, erythrocytes, and bone marrow. Pretreatment with ethanolic O. sanctum leaf extract at a concentration of 300 mg/kg of body weight significantly reduced micronuclei formation and phase I enzymes as well as lipid and protein oxidation with enhanced antioxidant and phase II enzyme activities. The results of the present study suggest that ethanolic O. sanctum leaf extract inhibits DMBA-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress by modulating xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, reducing the extent of lipid and protein oxidation and up-regulating antioxidant defenses.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Manikandan
authors: R Senthil
authors: RS
authors: Murugan
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Abbas
authors: S K
authors: SK
authors: Abraham
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Nagini
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D000081062:Heme-Binding Proteins; D006420:Hemeproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation / Q000187:drug effects*; D031339:Ocimum / Q000737:chemistry*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D000081062:Heme-Binding Proteins; D006420:Hemeproteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015262:Xenobiotics; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System