title: CTLA-4 and CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells inhibit protective immunity to filarial parasites in vivo.
abstract: The T cell coinhibitory receptor CTLA-4 has been implicated in the down-regulation of T cell function that is a quintessential feature of chronic human filarial infections. In a laboratory model of filariasis, Litomosoides sigmodontis infection of susceptible BALB/c mice, we have previously shown that susceptibility is linked both to a CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cell response, and to the development of hyporesponsive CD4+ T cells at the infection site, the pleural cavity. We now provide evidence that L. sigmodontis infection drives the proliferation and activation of CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg cells in vivo, demonstrated by increased uptake of BrdU and increased expression of CTLA-4, Foxp3, GITR, and CD25 compared with naive controls. The greatest increases in CTLA-4 expression were, however, seen in the CD4+ Foxp3- effector T cell population which contained 78% of all CD4+ CTLA-4+ cells in the pleural cavity. Depletion of CD25+ cells from the pleural CD4+ T cell population did not increase their Ag-specific proliferative response in vitro, suggesting that their hyporesponsive phenotype is not directly mediated by CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells. Once infection had established, killing of adult parasites could be enhanced by neutralization of CTLA-4 in vivo, but only if performed in combination with the depletion of CD25+ Treg cells. This work suggests that during filarial infection CTLA-4 coinhibition and CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells form complementary components of immune regulation that inhibit protective immunity in vivo.
authors: Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Matthew.Taylor@ed.ac.uk
authors: Matthew D
authors: MD
authors: Taylor
authors: Anjanette
authors: A
authors: Harris
authors: Simon A
authors: SA
authors: Babayan
authors: Odile
authors: O
authors: Bain
authors: Abigail
authors: A
authors: Culshaw
authors: Judith E
authors: JE
authors: Allen
authors: Rick M
authors: RM
authors: Maizels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005368:Filariasis / Q000276:immunology*; D005370:Filarioidea / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; C556707:Ctla4 protein, mouse; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit