title: Prototype chicken galectins revisited: characterization of a third protein with distinctive hydrodynamic behaviour and expression pattern in organs of adult animals.
abstract: Prototype galectins are versatile modulators of cell adhesion and growth via their reactivity to certain carbohydrate and protein ligands. These functions and the galectins' marked developmental regulation explain their attractiveness as models to dissect divergent evolution after gene duplication. Only two members have so far been assumed to constitute this group in chicken, namely the embryonic muscle/liver form {C-16 or CLL-I [16 kDa; chicken lactose lectin, later named CG-16 (chicken galectin-16)]} and the embryonic skin/intestine form (CLL-II or C-14; later named CG-14). In the present study, we report on the cloning and expression of a third prototype CG. It has deceptively similar electrophoretic mobility compared with recombinant C-14, the protein first isolated from embryonic skin, and turned out to be identical with the intestinal protein. Hydrodynamic properties unusual for a homodimeric galectin and characteristic traits in the proximal promoter region set it apart from the two already known CGs. Their structural vicinity to galectin-1 prompts their classification as CG-1A (CG-16)/CG-1B (CG-14), whereas sequence similarity to mammalian galectin-2 gives reason to refer to the intestinal protein as CG-2. The expression profiling by immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies discerned non-overlapping expression patterns for the three CGs in several organs of adult animals. Overall, the results reveal a network of three prototype galectins in chicken.
authors: Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstr. 13, D-80539 München, Germany.
authors: Herbert
authors: H
authors: Kaltner
authors: Dolores
authors: D
authors: Solís
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Kopitz
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Lensch
authors: Michaela
authors: M
authors: Lohr
authors: Joachim C
authors: JC
authors: Manning
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Mürnseer
authors: Martina
authors: M
authors: Schnölzer
authors: Sabine
authors: S
authors: André
authors: José Luis
authors: JL
authors: Sáiz
authors: Hans-Joachim
authors: HJ
authors: Gabius
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001665:Binding Sites; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D037161:Galectins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; D037161:Galectins