Infectious neuropathy.
OBJECTIVE
Infectious neuropathy affects a large number of people worldwide. There is evidence of direct involvement of nerves by the infective agent, from the immune reaction of the patient or secondary to the toxicity of the drugs used during treatment. This group of neuropathies is often treatable or preventable.


RESULTS
There is a complex clinical picture of the neuropathy of leprosy, different pathological features and immunological mechanisms. If the skin is unaffected in leprosy it is not always easy to demonstrate that the neuropathy is due to leprosy. Peripheral neuropathy in patients with chronic infection with hepatitis C virus may be due to the virus, the development of vasculitis or direct neurotoxic effects of the treatment. Peripheral neuropathy has become the chief neurological syndrome in individuals infected with HIV-1. The antiretroviral therapies themselves can cause peripheral neuropathies clinically indistinguishable from those caused by the virus. The occurrence of chronic polyneuropathy as a late manifestation in Lyme disease is extremely rare and is not well understood.


CONCLUSIONS
Although infectious neuropathies are very frequent, mainly in developing countries, further studies are needed to elucidate their mechanisms of action, focusing on preventive interventions.
de Freitas
Marcos R G
MR
Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007918:Leprosy / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008193:Lyme Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents