title: A randomized controlled trial of ultrasound-assisted lumbar puncture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evidence showing the systematic utility of ultrasound imaging during lumbar puncture (LP) in the emergency department is lacking. Our hypothesis was that ultrasound-assisted LP would increase the success rate and ease of performing LP with a greater benefit in obese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an Institutional Review Board-approved, randomized, prospective, double-blind study conducted at the emergency department of a teaching institution. Patients undergoing LP from January to December 2004 were eligible for enrollment. Patients were randomized to undergo LP using palpation landmarks (PLs) or ultrasound landmarks (ULs). Data collected included age, body mass index, number of attempts, ease of performance and patient comfort on a 10-cm Visual Analog Scale, procedure time, success, and traumatic LP. Statistical analysis of data included relative risk (RR), the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Student t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 46 patients were enrolled, 22 randomized to PLs and 24 to ULs. There were no differences between the groups in mean age or body mass index. Six of 22 attempts failed with PLs versus 1 of 24 with ULs (RR, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.72). In 12 obese patients, 4 of 7 PL attempts failed versus 0 of 5 UL attempts (RR, 2.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.99-5.49). The ease of the procedure was better with ULs versus PLs. There were no statistical differences in the number of attempts, traumatic LPs, patient comfort, or procedure length.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of ultrasound for LP significantly reduced the number of failures in all patients and improved the ease of the procedure in obese patients.
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, Christiana Care Hospital, 4755 Ogletown-Stanton Rd, PO Box 6001, Newark, DE 19718, USA. jnomura@comcast.net
authors: Jason T
authors: JT
authors: Nomura
authors: Stephen J
authors: SJ
authors: Leech
authors: Srikala
authors: S
authors: Shenbagamurthi
authors: Paul R
authors: PR
authors: Sierzenski
authors: Robert E
authors: RE
authors: O'Connor
authors: Melissa
authors: M
authors: Bollinger
authors: Margaret
authors: M
authors: Humphrey
authors: Jason A
authors: JA
authors: Gukhool
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008161:Lumbosacral Region / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010173:Palpation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013129:Spinal Puncture / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional