title: Fractalkine upregulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in endothelial cells through CX3CR1 and the Jak Stat5 pathway.
abstract: Fractalkine (FKN) is a membrane-bound chemokine that can be released by proteolysis to produce soluble FKN (s-FKN). FKN and its receptor, CX3CR1, are believed to be important factors in atherosclerosis and may play a role in acute inflammatory responses. Although FKN is expressed on endothelial cells (ECs), CX3CR1 is reported to reside mainly on certain leukocyte populations. RT-PCR and Western blotting demonstrated that both human coronary artery and umbilical vein ECs expressed CX3CR1 mRNA and protein. Confocal microscopy showed that CX3CR1 was located at the cell membrane and to a lesser extent in the cytoplasm. Following exposure of both types of ECs to hypoxia and reoxygenation, FKN expression increased rapidly and s-FKN was shed into the culture medium. The addition of s-FKN protein to cultured ECs resulted in a dose-dependent increase in intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 mRNA. Perfusion of mouse hearts with s-FKN protein increased expression of ICAM-1 protein in vascular endothelium. Transfection of ECs with CX3CR1-interfering RNA to knockdown the receptor resulted in decreased ICAM-1 expression after s-FKN stimulation. In addition, when ECs were stimulated with s-FKN, greater adhesion of human neutrophils to the ECs was observed. This increase was ICAM-1 dependent and was blocked by CX3CR1 knockdown. Following exposure to s-FKN, ECs exhibited increased phosphorylation of Jak2 and Stat5 and the ICAM-1 expression induced by s-FKN was blocked by silencing of Stat5 with small interfering RNA. Vascular ECs express both FKN and its receptor CX3CR1. s-FKN is shed from ECs following hypoxia/reoxygenation and acts through CX3CR1 on ECs to increase ICAM-1 expression and promote neutrophil adhesion through activation of the Jak-Stat5 pathway.
authors: Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Xiao Ping
authors: XP
authors: Yang
authors: Subhendra
authors: S
authors: Mattagajasingh
authors: Shaobo
authors: S
authors: Su
authors: Guibin
authors: G
authors: Chen
authors: Zheqing
authors: Z
authors: Cai
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Fox-Talbot
authors: Kaikobad
authors: K
authors: Irani
authors: Lewis C
authors: LC
authors: Becker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000166:cytology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053614:Janus Kinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology; D034622:RNA Interference; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012995:Solubility; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; C095235:CX3CR1 protein, human; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C507924:JAK2 protein, human; D053614:Janus Kinase 2