title: The role of Zn-alpha2 glycoprotein in sperm motility is mediated by changes in cyclic AMP.
abstract: Sperm motility is essential for male reproduction or natural fertilization. The cyclic AMP (cAMP)/cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway is generally recognized as one of the significant signaling pathways in the regulation of mammalian spermatozoan motility. Since Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein (ZAG) activity in mammalian adipose tissue is mediated via the beta(3)-adrenoreceptor, with upregulation of the cAMP pathway, we hypothesize that ZAG may play the same role in sperm motility regulation, a new factor of regulation of sperm motility. Therefore, the gene encoding human ZAG was cloned and polyclonal antibodies were generated, and then laser scanning confocal microscopy and flow cytometry were employed to identify this protein in human spermatozoa. The results showed that ZAG protein was mostly localized on the pre-equatorial region covering the acrosome, neck, and middle piece of the flagellum of spermatozoa. Furthermore, using computer-assisted sperm analysis, we found that anti-human ZAG antibodies could significantly reduce the motility of human swim-up spermatozoa after 90- or 120-min incubation (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively), together with the decreasing of intracellular cAMP and PKA levels. In conclusion, these data suggest that ZAG is present in human spermatozoa and may be involved in the regulation of sperm motility via the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway.
authors: Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Qu
authors: Xiaoqian
authors: X
authors: Ying
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Guo
authors: Qiangsu
authors: Q
authors: Guo
authors: Guowu
authors: G
authors: Chen
authors: Yue
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Zhide
authors: Z
authors: Ding
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D000090203:Zn-Alpha-2-Glycoprotein
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins; D000090203:Zn-Alpha-2-Glycoprotein; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases