title: Mapping sequences by parts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We present the N-map method, a pairwise and asymmetrical approach which allows us to compare sequences by taking into account evolutionary events that produce shuffled, reversed or repeated elements. Basically, the optimal N-map of a sequence s over a sequence t is the best way of partitioning the first sequence into N parts and placing them, possibly complementary reversed, over the second sequence in order to maximize the sum of their gapless alignment scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We introduce an algorithm computing an optimal N-map with time complexity O (|s| x |t| x N) using O (|s| x |t| x N) memory space. Among all the numbers of parts taken in a reasonable range, we select the value N for which the optimal N-map has the most significant score. To evaluate this significance, we study the empirical distributions of the scores of optimal N-maps and show that they can be approximated by normal distributions with a reasonable accuracy. We test the functionality of the approach over random sequences on which we apply artificial evolutionary events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method is illustrated with four case studies of pairs of sequences involving non-standard evolutionary events.
authors: Institut de Mathématiques de Luminy, 163 avenue de Luminy, Case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France. didier@iml.univ-mrs.fr
authors: Gilles
authors: G
authors: Didier
authors: Carito
authors: C
authors: Guziolowski