title: c-Myc depletion inhibits proliferation of human tumor cells at various stages of the cell cycle.
abstract: A major role for c-Myc in the proliferation of normal cells is attributed to its ability to promote progression through G(1) and into S phase of the cell cycle. The absolute requirement of c-Myc for cell cycle progression in human tumor cells has not been comprehensively addressed. In the present work, we used a lentiviral-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vector to stably reduce c-Myc expression in a large number of human tumor cell lines and in three different types of normal human cells. In all cases, cell proliferation was severely inhibited, with normal cells ultimately undergoing G(0)/G(1) growth arrest. In contrast, tumor cells demonstrated a much more variable cell cycle response with cells from several lines accumulating in S or G(2)/M phases. Moreover, in some tumor lines, the phase of cell cycle arrest caused by inhibition of c-Myc could be altered by depleting tumor suppressor protein p53 or its transcriptional target p21(CIP/WAF). Our data suggest that, as in the case of normal cells, c-Myc is essential for sustaining proliferation of human tumor cells. However its rate-limiting role in cell cycle control is variable and is reliant upon the status of other cell cycle regulators.
authors: Section of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Mannava
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Grachtchouk
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Zhuang
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Soengas
authors: A V
authors: AV
authors: Gudkov
authors: E V
authors: EV
authors: Prochownik
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Nikiforov
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; C489427:MYC protein, human; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins