title: A metabolome study of the steady-state relation between central metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis and penicillin production in Penicillium chrysogenum.
abstract: The relation between central metabolism and the penicillin biosynthesis pathway in Penicillium chrysogenum was studied by manipulating the steady-state flux in both pathways. A high producing industrial strain was cultivated at a growth rate mu=0.05 h(-1) in glucose-limited chemostat cultures, both under penicillin-G producing and non-producing conditions. Non-producing conditions were accomplished in two ways: (1) by cultivation without addition of the side chain precursor phenylacetic acid and (2) by cultivation of a mutant strain which lost all copies of the gene cluster coding for the penicillin biosynthesis pathway. Manipulation of the fluxes through central metabolism was obtained by cultivation on either glucose or ethanol as sole carbon source. A positive relation was observed between metabolite concentrations and carbon flux in central metabolism. Furthermore, in many cases a positive relation was found between the concentrations of free amino acids and their direct precursors in central metabolism. This corresponds with control of the biosynthesis of these amino acids via feed back inhibition by the end product. With respect to the penicillin production pathway, the flux seems not influenced by two of the three precursor amino acids, namely alphaAAA and valine but is only influenced by cysteine, which requires a large NADPH supply, and the ATP level. An interesting observation is that the absence of penicillin production seems to stimulate storage metabolism (trehalose metabolism). This leads to the final conclusion that the penicillin production flux appears to be mostly influenced by the availability of energy and redox cofactors, where ATP is supposed to exert its influence at ACV-synthetase and NADPH at the cysteine level.
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands. u.nasution@gmail.com
authors: Uly
authors: U
authors: Nasution
authors: Walter M
authors: WM
authors: van Gulik
authors: Cor
authors: C
authors: Ras
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Proell
authors: Joseph J
authors: JJ
authors: Heijnen
mesh_terms: D000102:Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000465:Algorithms; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D003470:Culture Media; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis; D008660:Metabolism; D005810:Multigene Family; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010406:Penicillins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010408:Penicillium chrysogenum / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010453:Peptide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D000596:Amino Acids; D003470:Culture Media; D010406:Penicillins; D000431:Ethanol; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C038370:isopenicillin N synthetase; D000102:Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase; D010453:Peptide Synthases; C095368:alpha-aminoadipyl-cysteinyl-valine synthetase