title: Surgery without scars: report of transluminal cholecystectomy in a human being.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) provides the potential for performance of incisionless operations. This would break the physical barrier between bodily trauma and surgery, representing an epical revolution in surgery. Our group at IRCAD-EITS (Institut de Recherche contre les Cancers de l'Appareil Digestif [Institute of Digestive Cancer Research]-European Institute of TeleSurgery) has been actively involved in the development of NOTES since 2004 with a dedicated project created to develop feasibility and survival studies and new endoscopic technology.
  
  
  METHODS
  NOTES cholecystectomy in a woman via a transvaginal approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital. Patient The patient was a 30-year-old woman with symptomatic cholelithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The procedure was carried out by a multidisciplinary team using a standard double-channel flexible videogastroscope and standard endoscopic instruments. The placement of a 2-mm needle port, mandatory to insufflate carbon dioxide and to monitor the pneumoperitoneum, was helpful for further retraction of the gallbladder. At no stage of the procedure was there need for laparoscopic assistance. All of the principles of cholecystectomy were strictly adhered to.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient had no postoperative pain and no scars, and was discharged on the second postoperative day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transluminal surgery is feasible and safe. NOTES, a radical shift in the practice and philosophy of interventional treatment, is becoming established and is enormously advantageous to the patient. With its invisible mending and tremendous potential, NOTES might be the next surgical evolution.
authors: Institut de Recherche contre les Cancers de l'Appareil Digestif-European Institute of TeleSurgery, University Louis Pasteur, 1 place de l'Hôpital-Hôpitaux Universitaires, 67091 Strasbourg Cedex, France. jacques.marescaux@ircad.u-strasbg.fr
authors: Jacques
authors: J
authors: Marescaux
authors: Bernard
authors: B
authors: Dallemagne
authors: Silvana
authors: S
authors: Perretta
authors: Arnaud
authors: A
authors: Wattiez
authors: Didier
authors: D
authors: Mutter
authors: Dimitri
authors: D
authors: Coumaros
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000601:surgery*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial