title: Influence of injection speed on the effectiveness of incisive/mental nerve block: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study in adult volunteers.
abstract: This randomized, double-blind trial tested the null hypothesis that speed of deposition has no influence on the injection discomfort, efficacy, distribution, and duration of pulp anesthesia after incisive/mental nerve block in adult volunteers. Thirty-eight subjects received incisive/mental nerve blocks of 2.0 mL lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine slowly over 60 seconds or rapidly over 15 seconds at least 1 week apart. Pulp anesthesia was assessed electronically to 45 minutes after injection. Injection discomfort was self-recorded on visual analogue scales. Overall, 48.7% of volunteers developed pulp anesthesia in first molars, 81.8% in bicuspids, and 38.5% in lateral incisors. The mean duration of pulp anesthesia was 19.1 minutes for first molars, 28.5 minutes for bicuspids, and 19.0 minutes for lateral incisors. Speed of injection had no significant influence on anesthetic success or duration of anesthesia for individual teeth. Slow injection was significantly more comfortable than rapid injection (P < .001). The null hypothesis was supported, although slow injection was more comfortable.
authors: School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. J.M.Whitworth@ncl.ac.uk
authors: John Martin
authors: JM
authors: Whitworth
authors: Mohammad Dib
authors: MD
authors: Kanaa
authors: Ian Porter
authors: IP
authors: Corbett
authors: John Gerald
authors: JG
authors: Meechan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000294:innervation; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000294:innervation*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000294:innervation; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008046:Lip / Q000294:innervation; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000294:innervation; D008340:Mandibular Nerve / Q000187:drug effects; D008963:Molar / Q000294:innervation; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012677:Sensation / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D008012:Lidocaine; D004837:Epinephrine