title: Neonatal nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation: a survey of practice in England.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Less invasive techniques of respiratory support are increasingly popular.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine how widespread the use of neonatal nasal intermittent positive airway pressure (NIPPV) has become and describe the range of practice used in NIPPV in England.
  
  
  METHODS
  95 English Neonatal intensive care units were asked to provide information about NIPPV devices, interfaces, indications, guidelines, use of synchronisation, complications, settings and weaning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  91 (96%) units replied. NIPPV was used by 44/91 (48%) units; few complications were seen. 34/44 (77%) used a synchronising device, 35/44 (80%) used NIPPV for "rescuing" babies for whom continuous positive airway pressure failed-59% routinely after extubation and 16% as a first-line treatment. A wide range of pressure and rate settings were used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In England, NIPPV is commonly used, with considerable variability in the techniques applied. The wide range of clinical approaches highlights the paucity of evidence available. More evidence is needed to establish best practice.
authors: Royal Women's Hospital, Grattan Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia. louise.owen@rwh.org.au
authors: L S
authors: LS
authors: Owen
authors: C J
authors: CJ
authors: Morley
authors: P G
authors: PG
authors: Davis
mesh_terms: D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal / Q000592:standards; D007384:Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000628:therapy*