title: XRCC1 and PCNA are loading platforms with distinct kinetic properties and different capacities to respond to multiple DNA lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genome integrity is constantly challenged and requires the coordinated recruitment of multiple enzyme activities to ensure efficient repair of DNA lesions. We investigated the dynamics of XRCC1 and PCNA that act as molecular loading platforms and play a central role in this coordination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Local DNA damage was introduced by laser microirradation and the recruitment of fluorescent XRCC1 and PCNA fusion proteins was monitored by live cell microscopy. We found an immediate and fast recruitment of XRCC1 preceding the slow and continuous recruitment of PCNA. Fluorescence bleaching experiments (FRAP and FLIP) revealed a stable association of PCNA with DNA repair sites, contrasting the high turnover of XRCC1. When cells were repeatedly challenged with multiple DNA lesions we observed a gradual depletion of the nuclear pool of PCNA, while XRCC1 dynamically redistributed even to lesions inflicted last.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that PCNA and XRCC1 have distinct kinetic properties with functional consequences for their capacity to respond to successive DNA damage events.
authors: Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Department of Biology II, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany. o.mortusewicz@lmu.de
authors: Oliver
authors: O
authors: Mortusewicz
authors: Heinrich
authors: H
authors: Leonhardt
mesh_terms: D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1; C000619371:XRCC1 protein, human