title: Seizures in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: data from LUMINA, a multiethnic cohort (LUMINA LIV).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the predictors of time-to-seizure occurrence and their impact on damage accrual and mortality in LUMINA, a multiethnic (Hispanic, African American and Caucasian) cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seizures were defined as per the American College of Rheumatology (ARC) nomenclature and case definitions for neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes. Factors associated with time-to-seizure occurrence occurring at or after diagnosis (TD) of systemic lupus erythematosus were examined by univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. The impact of seizures on damage accrual and mortality was also examined by multivariable analyses after adjusting for variables known to affect these outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 600 patients were included in these analyses. Of them, 40 (6.7%) developed seizures at or after TD; by multivariable analyses, disease activity and younger age were independent predictors of a shorter time-to-seizure occurrence (HR = 1.10 and 1.04; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.15 and 1.00 to 1.08, p = 0.0004 and 0.0304, respectively) whereas mucocutaneous involvement (HR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.41, p = 0.0039) and hydroxychloroquine use (HR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.80, p = 0.0131) were independent predictors of a longer time-to-seizure occurrence. Seizures were an independent contributor to damage accrual but not to mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seizures tend to occur early in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus, and contribute to damage accrual. Younger age and disease activity are independent predictors of a shorter time-to-seizure occurrence; antimalarials appear to have a protective role in seizure occurrence.
authors: Department of Medicine, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Andrade
authors: G S
authors: GS
authors: Alarcón
authors: L A
authors: LA
authors: González
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Fernández
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Apte
authors: L M
authors: LM
authors: Vilá
authors: G
authors: G
authors: McGwin
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Reveille
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D017668:Age of Onset; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012640:Seizures / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D044465:White People