title: Effects of short-acting bronchodilators added to maintenance tiotropium therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Combining bronchodilators has been shown to be beneficial in patients with COPD. The additive effects of short-acting bronchodilators added to maintenance tiotropium therapy, however, are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following 3 weeks of tiotropium pretreatment, 60 patients with COPD (FEV1 40% of predicted) participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled study to assess add-on bronchodilator effects of ipratropium bromide (40 microg) or fenoterol (200 microg). Short-acting bronchodilators were added as a single dose 2 h and 8 h after tiotropium dosing. Serial lung function tests were performed over 9 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The peak FEV1 add-on response within 6 h with fenoterol was significantly greater than with placebo (137 mL) or ipratropium (84 mL); the response with ipratropium was slightly but significantly larger than with placebo (52 mL). One hour after the second dose of the test drugs, a similar order of treatment responses was found. The peak FVC add-on response was significant for fenoterol (249 mL) but not for ipratropium (42 mL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, both short-acting bronchodilator classes were effective when added to maintenance treatment with tiotropium. The addition of the beta2-adrenergic fenoterol provided greater additional bronchodilatation than the short-acting anticholinergic ipratropium. This is consistent with the expected effects of combining bronchodilators with different pharmacologic mechanisms. This randomized controlled trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00274066).
authors: Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands. h.a.m.kerstjens@int.umcg.nl
authors: Huib A M
authors: HA
authors: Kerstjens
authors: Theo A
authors: TA
authors: Bantje
authors: Peter B
authors: PB
authors: Luursema
authors: Henk E J
authors: HE
authors: Sinninghe Damste
authors: Jan W
authors: JW
authors: de Jong
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Lee
authors: Stella P C
authors: SP
authors: Wijker
authors: Piet J G
authors: PJ
authors: Cornelissen
mesh_terms: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005280:Fenoterol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D009241:Ipratropium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010991:Plethysmography; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000069447:Tiotropium Bromide; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives; D005280:Fenoterol; D009241:Ipratropium; D000069447:Tiotropium Bromide