title: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of cow's milk protein allergy in infants.
abstract: Our aim was to develop guidance for general paediatricians and primary care physicians in diagnosing and managing cow's milk protein allergy in infants. The guidelines were developed by discussion based on existing national recommendations and standards, clinical experience and, whenever possible, evidence from the literature. Separate algorithms cover breast-fed and formula-fed infants. The recommendations emphasise the importance of comprehensive history taking and careful physical examination. Patients with severe symptoms need to be referred to a specialist. Elimination of cow's milk protein from the infant's or mother's diet and challenges are the gold standard for diagnosis. This guidance is intended as a basis for local discussion, implementation and prospective evaluation. The algorithms should be regularly assessed using clinical audit standards. Once validated, the diagnostic framework could provide a standardised approach in epidemiological and therapeutic studies.
authors: Department of Paediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel Kinderen, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. yvan.vandenplas@uzbrussel.be
authors: Yvan
authors: Y
authors: Vandenplas
authors: Sibylle
authors: S
authors: Koletzko
authors: Erika
authors: E
authors: Isolauri
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Hill
authors: Arnold P
authors: AP
authors: Oranje
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Brueton
authors: Annamaria
authors: A
authors: Staiano
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: Dupont
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D016269:Milk Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D008894:Milk Proteins