title: Histopathologic consideration of fiducial gold markers inserted for real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy against lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Internal fiducial gold markers, safely inserted with bronchoscopy, have been used in real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy for lung cancer. We investigated the histopathologic findings at several points after the insertion of the gold markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen gold markers were inserted for preoperative marking in 7 patients who subsequently underwent partial resection of tumors by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery within 7 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fibrotic changes and hyperplasia of type 2 pneumocytes around the markers were seen 5 or 7 days after insertion, and fibrin exudation without fibrosis was detected 1 or 2 days after insertion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because fibroblastic changes start approximately 5 days after gold marker insertion, real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy should be started >5 days after gold marker insertion.
authors: First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors: Mikado
authors: M
authors: Imura
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Yamazaki
authors: Kanako C
authors: KC
authors: Kubota
authors: Tomoo
authors: T
authors: Itoh
authors: Rikiya
authors: R
authors: Onimaru
authors: Yasushi
authors: Y
authors: Cho
authors: Yasuhiro
authors: Y
authors: Hida
authors: Kichizo
authors: K
authors: Kaga
authors: Yuya
authors: Y
authors: Onodera
authors: Shigeaki
authors: S
authors: Ogura
authors: Hirotoshi
authors: H
authors: Dosaka-Akita
authors: Hiroki
authors: H
authors: Shirato
authors: Masaharu
authors: M
authors: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000473:pathology; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000473:pathology*; D006046:Gold; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006046:Gold