Mycotoxins and the pet food industry: toxicological evidence and risk assessment.
Mycotoxin contamination in pet food poses a serious health threat to pets, causing an emotional and economical concern to the pet owners. Aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins and fusaric acid have been found in the ingredients and final products of pet food, resulting in both acute toxicity and chronic health problems in pets. Toxicological interaction among mycotoxins as a natural mixture further complicates the issue. The concepts of "risk assessment", using hazard identification, dose-response assessment, no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL), and lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL), should be applied to assess the risk and safety of mycotoxins in pet food, thereby instilling public confidence in the pet food industry.
Boermans
Herman J
HJ
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1. hboerman@uoguelph.ca <hboerman@uoguelph.ca>
Leung
Maxwell C K
MC
D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods; D007881:Legislation, Food; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment
D009183:Mycotoxins