title: Toxicity of dimethoate and fenoxycarb to honey bee brood (Apis mellifera), using a new in vitro standardized feeding method.
abstract: A new in vitro method was devised to assess the effects of pesticides on honey bee brood. The method allowed the quantification of doses ingested by larvae and the assessment of larval and pupal mortality. Larval mortality in control samples was lower than 10%. Two active substances were tested: dimethoate and fenoxycarb. The LD(50) of dimethoate was 1.9 microg larva(-1) 48 h after oral exposure of larvae at day 4. Additional dose-related effects on pupal mortality were noted. After a chronic intoxication, the NOAEC (No Observed Adverse Effect Concentration) for larval mortality at day 7 was 2.5 mg kg(-1), whereas a NOAEC of 5 mg kg(-1) was found at day 22 for delayed effects on the reduction of adult emergence. Fenoxycarb applied at day 4 showed no effect on larvae, whereas emergence of adults was affected at doses higher than 6 ng larva(-1).
authors: Unité Expérimentale d'Entomologie INRA Le Magneraud, BP 52-17700, Surgères, France. pierrick.aupinel@magneraud.inra.fr
authors: Pierrick
authors: P
authors: Aupinel
authors: Dominique
authors: D
authors: Fortini
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: Michaud
authors: Franck
authors: F
authors: Marolleau
authors: Jean-Noël
authors: JN
authors: Tasei
authors: Jean-François
authors: JF
authors: Odoux
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D004117:Dimethoate / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D009026:Mortality; D048448:Phenylcarbamates / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute / Q000379:methods; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; C052034:fenoxycarb; D004117:Dimethoate