Risk assessment for organic trace compounds in wastewater: comparison of conventional and advanced treatment.
The elimination of organic trace compounds in municipal wastewater was analysed at three German wastewater treatment plants. Additionally, the effects of advanced treatment, membrane filtration, adsorption and oxidation processes were investigated. To assess the ecotoxicity of effluents, a number of tools were used: substance-specific evaluation, case studies for combined effects and risk assessment on the basis of cumulative parameters. The results of the research projects revealed that aquatic environmental risks can be reduced significantly using advanced treatment technologies for wastewater treatment plants.
Schwätter
F
F
Deutsche Projekt Union GmbH, Graeffstrasse 5, Köln, Germany. falko.schwaetter@Grontmij.de
Hannich
C B
CB
Nöthe
T
T
Oehlmann
J
J
Fahlenkamp
H
H
D000818:Animals; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005399:Fishes / Q000254:growth & development; D005858:Germany; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012908:Snails / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards; D015003:Yeasts / Q000187:drug effects
D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical