title: Occurrence of malignant vertebral fractures in an emergency room setting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To perform a risk analysis study to determine the probability of a spinal fracture being of malignant origin in patients presenting at a level I trauma centre emergency room after trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 334 consecutive patients were retrospectively obtained from 1993 to 2003. They were divided into two groups: group 1--(benign) traumatic fractures; and group 2--malignant fractures (n = 32). For statistical analysis independent Student t test, chi2 test, and backward-stepwise logistic regression were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk of vertebral fractures appearing to be of malignant origin increased with anatomical location (non-cervical--that is, thoracic or lumbar: odds ratio (OR) 48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8 to 291), a history of malignancy (OR 72, 95% CI 12 to 422), trauma mechanism (that is, high energy: OR 0.03, 95% CI 0.003 to 0.28), and age >64 years (OR 3, 95% CI 0.9 to 12). Hence, patients over 64 years old attending the emergency room, with a vertebral fracture after a low energy trauma, had an approximately 50% chance of having a malignant fracture. With a non-cervical location and a history of malignancy this increased to 98%. Regardless of the trauma mechanism and age of the patient, a history of a malignancy and a non-cervical fracture posed at least a 36% risk of having a malignant fracture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supported by the present results we feel the probability of malignant fractures, although not frequently encountered, should always be considered in elderly and middle-aged patients with a history of malignancy and a non-cervical traumatic fracture.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. r.dammers@erasmusmc.nl
authors: Ruben
authors: R
authors: Dammers
authors: Henk W C
authors: HW
authors: Bijvoet
authors: Maarten J
authors: MJ
authors: Driesse
authors: Cees C J
authors: CC
authors: Avezaat
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005598:Fractures, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology*