title: Fatigue before and after mild traumatic brain injury: pre-post-injury comparisons in relation to Apolipoprotein E.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the incidence of fatigue for persons following a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) and to evaluate the relationship between fatigue and APOE genotype. As fatigue is often found to be influenced by anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance, these factors were also measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one persons who sustained a MTBI were drawn from a population-based longitudinal study. Each person who sustained a MTBI was matched by age, gender, education and APOE genotype with two non-head injury controls. Self-reported pre- and post-injury incidence of fatigue, anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance was compared within-group and between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the MTBI group, incidence of fatigue was almost twice as common post- than pre-injury, whereas there was no corresponding change in a non-injured control group. Within the MTBI-group, post-injury fatigue was particularly common for carriers of the APOE epsilon4 allele.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fatigue is common sequela after a MTBI and especially pronounced for carriers of the APOE epsilon4 allele.
authors: Department of Psychology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden. anna.sundstrom@psy.umu.se
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sundström
authors: L-G
authors: LG
authors: Nilsson
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Cruts
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Adolfsson
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Van Broeckhoven
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Nyberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E