title: Anti-dyskinetic effects of cannabinoids in a rat model of Parkinson's disease: role of CB(1) and TRPV1 receptors.
abstract: Levodopa is the most commonly prescribed drug for Parkinson's disease (PD). Although levodopa improves PD symptoms in the initial stages of the disease, its long-term use is limited by the development of side effects, including abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesias) and psychiatric complications. The endocannabinoid system is emerging as an important modulator of basal ganglia functions and its pharmacologic manipulation represents a promising therapy to alleviate levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Rats with 6-OHDA lesions that are chronically treated with levodopa develop increasingly severe axial, limb, locomotor and oro-facial abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs). Administration of the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 attenuated levodopa-induced axial, limb and oral AIMs dose-dependently via a CB(1)-mediated mechanism, whereas it had no effect on locomotive AIMs. By contrast, systemic administration of URB597, a potent FAAH inhibitor, did not affect AIMs scoring despite its ability to increase anandamide concentration throughout the basal ganglia. Unlike WIN, anandamide can also bind and activate transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) receptors, which have been implicated in the modulation of dopamine transmission in the basal ganglia. Interestingly, URB597 significantly decreased all AIMs subtypes only if co-administered with the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine. Our data indicate that pharmacological blockade of TRPV1 receptors unmasks the anti-dyskinetic effects of FAAH inhibitors and that CB(1) and TRPV1 receptors play opposite roles in levodopa-induced dyskinesias.
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
authors: Maria Grazia
authors: MG
authors: Morgese
authors: Tommaso
authors: T
authors: Cassano
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Cuomo
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Giuffrida
mesh_terms: D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000378:metabolism; D001549:Benzamides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000819:agonists*; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002219:Carbamates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D007980:Levodopa / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009025:Morpholines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016627:Oxidopamine; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases
chemical_list: D000581:Amidohydrolases; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D001549:Benzamides; D048588:Benzoxazines; D002186:Cannabinoids; D002211:Capsaicin; D002219:Carbamates; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D007980:Levodopa; D009025:Morpholines; D009281:Naphthalenes; D016627:Oxidopamine; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases; C493922:Trpv1 protein, rat; C500528:cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3'-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester; C070417:(3R)-((2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-((4-morpholinyl)methyl)pyrrolo-(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)(1-naphthalenyl))methanone; C071423:capsazepine; C078814:anandamide