title: Apoptotic pathway induced by noscapine in human myelogenous leukemic cells.
abstract: It has been shown that noscapine, an opium-derived phthalideisoquinoline alkaloid that is currently being used as an oral antitussive drug, induces apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cells. The molecular mechanism responsible for the anticancer effects of noscapine is poorly understood. In the current study, the apoptotic effects of noscapine on two myeloid cell lines, apoptosis-proficient HL60 cells and apoptosis-resistant K562 cells, were analyzed. An increase in the activity of caspase-2, -3, -6, -8 and -9, poly(ADP ribose) polymerase cleavage, detection of phosphatidylserine on the outer layer of the cell membrane, nucleation of chromatin, and DNA fragmentation suggested the induction of apoptosis. Noscapine increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio with a significant decrease of Bcl-2 expression accompanied with Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Using an inhibitory approach, the activation of the caspase cascade involved in the noscapine-induced apoptosis was analyzed. We observed no inhibitory effect of the caspase-8 inhibitor on caspase-9 activity. In view of these results and taking into consideration that K562 cells are Fas-null, we suggested that caspase-8 is activated in a Fas-independent manner downstream of caspase-9. In conclusion, noscapine can induce apoptosis in both apoptosis-proficient and apoptosis-resistant leukemic cells, and it can be a novel candidate in the treatment of hematological malignancies.
authors: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Nastaran
authors: N
authors: Heidari
authors: Bahram
authors: B
authors: Goliaei
authors: Parvaneh Rahimi
authors: PR
authors: Moghaddam
authors: Nahid
authors: N
authors: Rahbar-Roshandel
authors: Massoud
authors: M
authors: Mahmoudian
mesh_terms: D000996:Antitussive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid; D009665:Noscapine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D050257:Tubulin Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000996:Antitussive Agents; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D050257:Tubulin Modulators; D009665:Noscapine; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D020169:Caspases