title: Iontophoresis significantly increases the trans-dentinal delivery of osteoprotegerin, alendronate, and calcitonin.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the delivery of alendronate, calcitonin, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) through human dentin by both diffusion and iontophoresis for the potential treatment of invasive cervical resorption. Radiolabeled alendronate, calcitonin, and OPG were added to the top of a split chamber device that contained 1-mm thick dentin disks devoid of a smear layer. Transdentinal movement of medicaments by either random diffusion or application of an iontophoretic current was measured by analysis of gamma emission of effluent fractions. In addition, calcitonin delivery was evaluated at differing magnitudes of current (0-4 mA) by using the aforementioned chamber. Diffusion of all 3 medicaments was minimal. In contrast, the application of a 3-mA iontophoretic gradient significantly increased delivery for all 3 compounds at 10-, 20-, and 30-minute intervals. In addition, a linear increase in permeability was seen for calcitonin as milliamperes were increased from 0 to 4 (r = 0.947), with more than a 100-fold increase in delivery observed with iontophoresis. Delivery of the tested medicaments by using iontophoresis might prove to be a useful technique for treatment of invasive cervical resorption.
authors: Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900 USA. kitchensdds@gmail.com
authors: James A
authors: JA
authors: Kitchens
authors: Scott A
authors: SA
authors: Schwartz
authors: William G
authors: WG
authors: Schindler
authors: Kenneth M
authors: KM
authors: Hargreaves
mesh_terms: D019386:Alendronate / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003804:Dentin / Q000378:metabolism*; D003806:Dentin Permeability / Q000502:physiology; D004058:Diffusion; D004563:Electrochemistry; D006801:Humans; D007478:Iontophoresis; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D019237:Tooth Cervix / Q000378:metabolism; D014091:Tooth Resorption / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D002116:Calcitonin; D019386:Alendronate