title: Comparison of methods for assessing abdominal adipose tissue from magnetic resonance images.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability and analysis time of two methods for quantifying visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volumes from magnetic resonance (MR) images.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten subjects (BMI, 27.0 +/- 2.1 kg/m(2); 56 years of age +/- 4 years) underwent MR imaging of the abdomen. Ten transverse T1-weighted images were selected from each scan and analyzed using two software packages that differ in principle. The first method, ANALYZE version 5.0, represents the manual threshold method, and the second, HIPPO version 1.3, is based on the fuzzy clustering approach. Inter-rater reliability for each method was assessed by comparing the intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) for VAT and SAT results from two evaluators, and intra-rater reliability for each method was assessed by comparing ICCs for VAT and SAT analyses performed 1 week apart by the same evaluator. The total time for analysis also was compared between methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inter-rater reliability for VAT was greater with HIPPO than with ANALYZE (ICC = 0.996 vs. 0.828), whereas inter-rater reliability for SAT did not differ between methods (ICC = 0.975 and 0.987). The intra-rater reliability was equally high with HIPPO and ANALYZE for both VAT (ICC = 0.998 vs. 0.992) and SAT (ICC = 0.996 vs. 0.992). HIPPO required less than one-half as much analysis time as ANALYZE (15.9 +/- 4.4 vs. 36.5 +/- 8.2 minutes, p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIPPO software appears advantageous for the quantification of VAT from multislice MR images because inter-rater results are more reliable, and it is more time-efficient than less automated methods.
authors: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, St. Louis University, 3437 Caroline Street, Room 3076, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA. eweiss4@slu.edu
authors: Hassan
authors: H
authors: Arif
authors: Susan B
authors: SB
authors: Racette
authors: Dennis T
authors: DT
authors: Villareal
authors: John O
authors: JO
authors: Holloszy
authors: Edward P
authors: EP
authors: Weiss
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology*; D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D003201:Computers; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012984:Software; D013997:Time Factors