title: Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the characterization of benign focal liver lesions: activity-based cost analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to perform a cost analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the study of benign focal liver lesions (BFLL) with indeterminate appearance on ultrasonography (US).
  
  
  METHODS
  A decision model of patients with suspected BFLL on baseline US who subsequently underwent CEUS between 2002 and 2005 was constructed. We analysed the cost effectiveness of CEUS, considering whether or not computed tomography (CT) was necessary for the diagnosis. There were 398 patients with 213 angiomas, 41 focal nodular hyperplasias (FNH) and 154 pseudolesions (focal fatty sparing, focal fatty areas). Each patient underwent CEUS, and 98 of them were also studied by CT. All lesions were followed up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cost of a single CEUS examination was 101.51 euros, and that of a single CT scan was 211.48 euros. For diagnosis of haemangiomas, we saved 1,406.97 euros in 2002, 5,315.22 euros in 2003, 10,317.78 euros in 2004 and 9,536.13 euros in 2005. For diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasias, we saved 781.65 euros in 2003, 781.65 euros in 2004 and 1,406.97 euros in 2005. For diagnosis of pseudolesions, we saved 2,813.94 euros in 2002, 5,158.89 euros in 2003, 5,158.89 euros in 2004 and 4,220.91 euros in 2005. In the period 2002-2005, the introduction of CEUS allowed us to save a total of 47,055.33 euros in the diagnosis of benign focal hepatic liver lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This cost analysis shows that CEUS is the least expensive second-line modality after baseline US for the diagnosis of BFLL.
authors: Department of Radiology, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro I, Verona, Italy. nfaccioli@sirm.org
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Faccioli
authors: M
authors: M
authors: D'Onofrio
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Comai
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Cugini
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media / Q000191:economics; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D020518:Focal Nodular Hyperplasia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000191:economics; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000191:economics*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000191:economics; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride / Q000191:economics; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000191:economics; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000191:economics*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D010743:Phospholipids; C420843:contrast agent BR1; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride