title: Repeated exposure to alcoholic beer does not induce long-lasting changes in alcohol self-administration and intake in Sardinian alcohol-preferring and Sardinian non-preferring rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rats avidly consume non-alcoholic beer, and addition of alcohol to non-alcoholic beer may function as a medium to induce intake of large amounts of alcohol in rats. The present study investigated whether Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP) and Sardinian non-preferring (sNP) rats, initially exposed to non-alcoholic beer, and subsequently to non-alcoholic beer containing increasing concentrations of alcohol, would develop unusually high alcohol self-administration and drinking behaviours: (i) when alcohol was added to non-alcoholic beer, and (2) once beer was withdrawn and a plain alcohol solution was made available.
  
  
  METHODS
  In Experiment 1, rats were exposed to operant, 30-min/day self-administration sessions of non-alcoholic beer with increasing concentrations of alcohol [0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% (v/v)] for a total of 45 days. After a brief 'beer-fading' phase, the rats were exposed to self-administration sessions of a plain 10% (v/v) alcohol solution. In Experiment 2, the rats were exposed to non-alcoholic beer with increasing concentrations of alcohol [0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% (v/v)] and water under the 2-bottle choice regimen with unlimited access (24 h/day) for a total of 35 days. After a brief 'beer-fading' phase, the rats were exposed to the choice between a plain 10% (v/v) alcohol solution and water.
  
  
  RESULTS
  sP and sNP rats did not differ in self-administration (Experiment 1) and intake (Experiment 2) of non-alcoholic beer. In Experiment 1, as alcohol content increased, the amount of self-administered alcohol increased progressively in sP rats (up to 1-1.2 g/kg) and remained stable in sNP rats (approximately 0.65 g/kg). When the plain 10% alcohol solution was available, the amount of self-administered alcohol in sP rats initially dropped, and tended to increase-up to approximately 0.6 g/kg-on continuing exposure. In sNP rats, their lever-pressing behaviour was rapidly extinguished after beer withdrawal. In Experiment 2, as alcohol content was increased, daily alcohol intake increased progressively in sP rats (up to 8-9 g/kg) and averaged approximately 2.4 g/kg in sNP rats. When the plain alcohol solution was available, daily alcohol intake in sP rats was initially low, reaching control values on continuing exposure; conversely, daily alcohol intake was completely suppressed in sNP rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that exposure to alcoholic beer resulted in unusually high intakes of alcohol in both sP and sNP rats for as long as non-alcoholic beer was added to alcohol; however, these high levels of alcohol self-administration and intake were not maintained once non-alcoholic beer was withdrawn.
authors: Bernard B. Brodie, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Viale Diaz 182, I-09126 Cagliari (CA), Italy.
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Orrù
authors: Carla
authors: C
authors: Lobina
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Maccioni
authors: Gian Luigi
authors: GL
authors: Gessa
authors: Mauro A M
authors: MA
authors: Carai
authors: Giancarlo
authors: G
authors: Colombo
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D000818:Animals; D001515:Beer; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D012646:Self Administration; D013045:Species Specificity; D013995:Time
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol