title: Bone morphogenetic protein 7 expression associates with bone metastasis in breast carcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We recently showed that bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) is overexpressed in primary breast tumors. Here we explored the clinical significance of BMP7 expression in breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 483 breast cancer patients with complete clinicopathological information and up to 15 years of follow-up. Samples contained 241 lobular carcinomas, 242 ductal carcinomas, and 40 local recurrences. BMP7 protein expression was determined using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BMP7 was expressed in 47% of the primary tumor samples and 13% of the local recurrences. The primary tumors expressed BMP7 more often than the corresponding local recurrences (P = 0.004). BMP7 expression was dependent on the tumor subtype; 57% of the lobular carcinomas but only 37% of the ductal carcinomas were BMP7 positive (P = 0.0001). BMP7 expression was associated with accelerated bone metastasis formation (P = 0.040), especially in ductal carcinomas (P = 0.033), and multivariate analysis confirmed that BMP7 is an independent prognostic indicator for early bone metastasis development (P = 0.032).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMP7 is clearly associated with bone metastasis formation and thus might have clinical utility in identification of patients with increased risk of bone metastasis. This is the first time that bone inducing factor BMP7 has been linked to the bone metastasis process in breast cancer.
authors: Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
authors: E-L
authors: EL
authors: Alarmo
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Korhonen
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kuukasjärvi
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Huhtala
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Holli
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kallioniemi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary*; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C525819:BMP7 protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta