title: Acute autonomic effects of vitamins and fats in male smokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamins can help improve cardiovascular control. In contrast, smoking works in the opposite fashion, reducing the baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) possibly via oxidative stress. High-fat challenges also impair cardiovascular regulation. Whether vitamins have acute beneficial effects on the baroreflex control of HR in smokers is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study in 30 male smokers (34.2+/-6.9 years). Interventions were: (1) moderate (vitamin C (300 mg) and E (75 IU) and folic acid (1 mg)); (2) high doses of vitamins (vitamin C (2 g) and E (800 IU), and folic acid (5 mg)); or, (3) placebo. Vitamins were ingested with cream (a high-fat challenge) or milk (low-fat control). Four hours later, blood was withdrawn and radial pulse wave forms recorded via tonometry. Spontaneous beat-to-beat variations in HR and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were analysed by spectral analysis techniques and sympathovagal control of HR and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High doses of vitamins increased plasma vitamin C, E and folic acid levels (P<0.05) with no change in SBP, HR or BRS (P>0.05, analysis of variance). Plasma vitamin levels did not correlate with any cardiovascular parameters. Moderate vitamins increased the vagal control of HR (+23%; P<0.05) and cream led to small increases (P<0.05) in SBP (+2 mm Hg) and HR (+2 beats min(-1)) with no change in BRS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In male smokers, circulating antioxidants had no effect on BRS and minor effects on the cardiovascular system were seen following acute fat and vitamin ingestion.
authors: 1Nutrition and Health, Unilever Food and Health Research Institute, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands. ciwright26@hotmail.com
authors: C I
authors: CI
authors: Wright
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Ruediger
authors: C I
authors: CI
authors: Kroner
authors: B J A
authors: BJ
authors: Janssen
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Draijer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000187:drug effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004041:Dietary Fats; D014815:Vitamins; D014810:Vitamin E; D005492:Folic Acid; D001205:Ascorbic Acid