title: Analogous and distinctive patterns of prelinguistic communication in toddlers with and without hearing loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to compare the prelinguistic communicative abilities of toddlers with hearing loss and without hearing loss during the 2nd year of life and shortly before the emergence of productive single-word lexicons.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were 28 toddlers with hearing loss who participated in an early intervention program and 92 toddlers with normal hearing at similar language levels and close chronological ages. The assessment consisted of the Hebrew Parent Questionnaire-Communication and Early Language (HPQ-CEL; E. Dromi, H. Ben-Shahar-Treitel, E. Guralnik, & D. Ringwald-Frimerman, 1992) that guided parents' observations of their toddlers in 6 contexts at home. Parents reported on a range of prelinguistic communicative abilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Profile analysis indicated that the 2 groups used a remarkably similar overall profile of prelinguistic behaviors. Interrelationships among behaviors were noticeably similar, too. Two communication properties unique to toddlers with hearing loss were relatively lower spontaneous use of words and reduced involvement in triadic book reading interactions. In addition, the associations between use of words and gestures in toddlers with hearing loss were slightly different from the toddlers with normal hearing, and the range of innovative gestures that they produced was greater.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The remarkable similarity between the 2 groups support the feasibility of adopting goals and principles known to hold true in typical development for fostering communication in toddlers with hearing loss.
authors: University of British Columbia, Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology and Special Education, 2125 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada. zaidman@interchange.ubc.ca
authors: Anat
authors: A
authors: Zaidman-Zait
authors: Esther
authors: E
authors: Dromi
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005868:Gestures; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009633:Nonverbal Communication; D010290:Parents; D013060:Speech; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires