title: Disposition kinetics of moxifloxacin in lactating ewes.
abstract: The present study was planned to investigate the plasma disposition kinetics and the pattern of moxifloxacin elimination in the milk of lactating ewes (n=6) following a single intravenous (IV) bolus or intramuscular (IM) injections at a dosage of 5 mg/kg in all animals. A crossover study was carried out in two phases separated by 21 days. Plasma and milk samples were collected serially for 72 h and moxifloxacin concentrations were assayed using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. A two-compartment open model best described the decrease of moxifloxacin concentration in the plasma after IV injection. The disposition after IM administration moxifloxacin was best described by a one-compartment model. Following IV administration, the distribution half-life (t(1/2alpha)) was 0.22+/-0.02 h. The elimination half-life was 1.77+/-0.23 h. The volume of distribution at steady state (V(dss)) was 0.84+/-0.12L/kg, the total body clearance (Cl(tot)) was 0.34+/-0.04 L/h/kg and the area under the curve (AUC) was 14.74+/-2.16 microg h/mL. Following IM administration, the mean T(max), C(max), t(1/2el) and AUC values for plasma data were 1.45+/-0.02 h, 2.21+/-0.27 microg/mL, 2.68+/-0.19 h and 14.21+/-2.35 microg h/mL. The IM bioavailability was 96.35+/-17.23% and the in vitro protein binding of moxifloxacin ranged from 32-37%. Penetration of moxifloxacin from the blood into milk was rapid and extensive, and the moxifloxacin concentrations in milk exceeded those in plasma from 1h after administration. The kinetic values AUC(milk)/AUC(plasma) and C(maxmilk)/C(maxplasma) ratios indicated a wide penetration of moxifloxacin from the bloodstream to the mammary gland. The in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of moxifloxacin for Mannheimia haemolytica was found to be 0.035 microg/mL.
authors: Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. aymangouda@yahoo.com
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Goudah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D011804:Quinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012756:Sheep / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011804:Quinolines; D000077266:Moxifloxacin