title: Is the prevalence of psychiatric disorders associated with urbanization?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In many countries, the total rate of psychiatric disorders tends to be higher in urban areas than in rural areas. The relevance of this phenomenon is that it may help in identifying environmental factors that are important in the pathogenesis of mental disorders. Moreover, urban preponderance suggests that the allocation of funds and services should take urbanization levels into account.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS) used the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to determine the prevalence of DSM-III-R disorders in a sample of 7,076 people aged 18-64. The sample was representative of the population as a whole. The study population was assigned to five urbanization categories defined at the level of municipalities. The association between urbanization and 12-month prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders was studied using logistic regression taking several confounders into account.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of psychiatric disorders gradually increased over five levels of urbanization. This pattern remained after adjustment for a range of confounders. Comorbidity rates also increased with level of urbanization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that psychiatric disorders are more common and more complex in more urbanized areas. This should be reflected in service allocation and may help in identifying environmental factors of importance for the aetiology of mental disorders.
authors: JellinekMentrum Mental Health Institute Amsterdam, P.O. Box 75848, 1070 AV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. jaap.peen@mentrum.nl
authors: Jaap
authors: J
authors: Peen
authors: Jack
authors: J
authors: Dekker
authors: Robert A
authors: RA
authors: Schoevers
authors: Margreet Ten
authors: MT
authors: Have
authors: Ron
authors: R
authors: de Graaf
authors: Aartjan T
authors: AT
authors: Beekman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003710:Demography; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D014507:Urbanization