title: Nonlinear changes in brain activity during continuous word repetition: an event-related multiparametric functional MR imaging study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Changes in brain activation as a function of continuous multiparametric word recognition have not been studied before by using functional MR imaging (fMRI), to our knowledge. Our aim was to identify linear changes in brain activation and, what is more interesting, nonlinear changes in brain activation as a function of extended word repetition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen healthy young right-handed individuals participated in this study. An event-related extended continuous word-recognition task with 30 target words was used to study the parametric effect of word recognition on brain activation. Word-recognition-related brain activation was studied as a function of 9 word repetitions. fMRI data were analyzed with a general linear model with regressors for linearly changing signal intensity and nonlinearly changing signal intensity, according to group average reaction time (RT) and individual RTs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A network generally associated with episodic memory recognition showed either constant or linearly decreasing brain activation as a function of word repetition. Furthermore, both anterior and posterior cingulate cortices and the left middle frontal gyrus followed the nonlinear curve of the group RT, whereas the anterior cingulate cortex was also associated with individual RT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Linear alteration in brain activation as a function of word repetition explained most changes in blood oxygen level-dependent signal intensity. Using a hierarchically orthogonalized model, we found evidence for nonlinear activation associated with both group and individual RTs.
authors: Department of Radiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: R E
authors: RE
authors: Hagenbeek
authors: S A R B
authors: SA
authors: Rombouts
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Veltman
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Van Strien
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Witter
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Scheltens
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Barkhof
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D008959:Models, Neurological; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis