title: Does safety climate moderate the influence of staffing adequacy and work conditions on nurse injuries?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hospital nurses have one of the highest work-related injury rates in the United States. Yet, approaches to improving employee safety have generally focused on attempts to modify individual behavior through enforced compliance with safety rules and mandatory participation in safety training. We examined a theoretical model that investigated the impact on nurse injuries (back injuries and needlesticks) of critical structural variables (staffing adequacy, work engagement, and work conditions) and further tested whether safety climate moderated these effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal, non-experimental, organizational study, conducted in 281 medical-surgical units in 143 general acute care hospitals in the United States.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Work engagement and work conditions were positively related to safety climate, but not directly to nurse back injuries or needlesticks. Safety climate moderated the relationship between work engagement and needlesticks, while safety climate moderated the effect of work conditions on both needlesticks and back injuries, although in unexpected ways. DISCUSSION AND IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Our findings suggest that positive work engagement and work conditions contribute to enhanced safety climate and can reduce nurse injuries.
authors: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. bmark@email.unc.edu
authors: Barbara A
authors: BA
authors: Mark
authors: Linda C
authors: LC
authors: Hughes
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Belyea
authors: Yunkyung
authors: Y
authors: Chang
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Hofmann
authors: Cheryl B
authors: CB
authors: Jones
authors: Cynthia T
authors: CT
authors: Bacon
mesh_terms: D004777:Environment; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D009729:Nursing; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016272:Occupational Health; D012307:Risk Factors; D012449:Safety; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014937:Work; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*