title: Nosema ceranae is a long-present and wide-spread microsporidian infection of the European honey bee (Apis mellifera) in the United States.
abstract: Honey bee samples collected between 1995 and 2007 from 12 states were examined for the presence of Nosema infections. Our results showed that Nosema ceranae is a wide-spread infection of the European honey bee, Apis mellifera in the United States. The discovery of N. ceranae in bees collected a decade ago indicates that N. ceranae was transferred from its original host, Apis cerana to A. mellifera earlier than previously recognized. The spread of N. ceranae infection in A. mellifera warrants further epidemiological studies to identify conditions that resulted in such a widespread infection.
authors: USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Bldg. 476, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors: Yanping
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Jay D
authors: JD
authors: Evans
authors: I Bart
authors: IB
authors: Smith
authors: Jeffery S
authors: JS
authors: Pettis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000382:microbiology*; D016881:Microsporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary; D016818:Nosema / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology