title: Usefulness of high-concentration calcium chloride solution for correction of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in patients with high-hematocrit value.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pseudoprolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is a serious problem in anticoagulation therapy for patients with high hematocrit, such as cyanotic congenital heart diseases. APTT pseudoprolongation occurs when APTT assay is performed using routinely used vacuum sampling tubes containing citrate. Because the plasma fraction is small in high-hematocrit blood, the prescribed volume of citrate would be excessive for APTT assay, resulting in prolongation of clotting or APTT pseudoprolongation. CLSI--The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (formerly NCCLS) method is the established method to correct the pseudoprolongation. However, the CLSI method needs repeated blood drawings and time-consuming, complicate procedures. Thus, alternative simple method is desired.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined whether APTT pseudoprolongation would be prevented by the increase in free calcium ion concentration by using high-concentration calcium chloride solution for the assay. Blood samples were obtained from 15 patients with high hematocrit (65+/-6%) who had cyanotic congenital heart disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Conventional APTT assay using 0.025 mol/L calcium chloride solution gave greater APTT compared with the CLSI method (51.7+/-11.8 vs. 34.6+/-4.7 s, p<0.001). However, when 0.035 mol/L calcium chloride solution was used, APTT (36.6+/-5.8 s) was similar to that obtained from the CLSI method. There was a good correlation in APTT values between high-calcium chloride solution method and the CLSI method (the slope=0.57, r2=0.49).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-calcium chloride solution method is useful to correct APTT pseudoprolongation. Because of the simplicity and the need of a single blood drawing, this method would reduce the burdens of not only patients but also clinical laboratory.
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan.
authors: Masaaki
authors: M
authors: Kanahara
authors: Hisashi
authors: H
authors: Kai
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Okamura
authors: Toyofumi
authors: T
authors: Wada
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Suda
authors: Tsutomu
authors: T
authors: Imaizumi
authors: Kimitaka
authors: K
authors: Sagawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D003490:Cyanosis / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000097:blood; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012996:Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D002951:Citrates; D012996:Solutions; D002122:Calcium Chloride