title: Pain and anatomical locations of radiofrequency ablation as predictors of esophageal temperature rise during pulmonary vein isolation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Esophageal temperature rise (ETR) during ablation inside left atrium has been reported as a marker for esophageal thermal injury. We sought to investigate the possible relationships between chest pain and ETR during radiofrequency (RF) ablation, and ETR and locations of RF application, in patients undergoing pulmonary vein (PV) isolation under moderate sedation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed anatomical locations of each RF application and its association with esophageal temperature and presence/absence of pain. Data from 40 consecutive patients (mean age: 56 +/- 10 years) were analyzed. There were a total of 4,071 RF applications resulting in 291 episodes of pain (7.1%) and 223 ETRs (5.5%). Thirty-five patients (87.5%) experienced at least one pain episode and 32 (80.0%) had at least one ETR. While 77.4% of posterior wall applications that caused pain also corresponded to an ETR (P < 0.0001), only 0.8% of pain-free posterior wall applications were associated with ETRs (P < 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity of pain during ablation for ETR were 94% and 98%, respectively. No ETRs were observed during anterior wall applications. ETRs occurred more frequently during ablation on the left (86.1%) versus the right (13.9%), and in inferior (70.4%) versus superior (29.6%) segments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients undergoing PV isolation, ETR was encountered when ablating in the posterior left atrium with the distribution left > right and inferior > superior. Pain during ablation was associated with ETR, and lack of pain was strongly associated with absence of ETR. Pain during RF ablation may thus serve as a predictor of esophageal heating and potential injury.
authors: Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors: Arash
authors: A
authors: Aryana
authors: E Kevin
authors: EK
authors: Heist
authors: Andre
authors: A
authors: D'Avila
authors: Godtfred
authors: G
authors: Holmvang
authors: Jianping
authors: J
authors: Chevalier
authors: Jeremy N
authors: JN
authors: Ruskin
authors: Moussa C
authors: MC
authors: Mansour
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D001831:Body Temperature; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000601:surgery*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors