title: Quaternary relaxations in sol-gel encapsulated hemoglobin studied via NIR and UV spectroscopy.
abstract: In this work, we study the kinetics of the R --> T transition in hemoglobin using a combination of near-infrared and near-ultraviolet spectroscopy. We use a sol-gel encapsulation protocol to decelerate the conformational transitions and to avoid spectral perturbations arising from ligand migration and recombination. We monitor two spectroscopic markers: band III in the near-IR, which is a fine probe of the heme pocket conformation, and the tryptophan band in the near-UV, which probes the formation of the Trpbeta37-Aspalpha94 hydrogen bond, characteristic of the T structure, at the critical alpha1beta2 subunit interface. The time evolution of these two bands is monitored after deoxygenation of encapsulated oxyhemoglobin, obtained by diffusion of a reducing agent into the porous silica matrix. Characteristic spectral shifts are observed: comparison with myoglobin enables us to assign them to quaternary structure relaxations. Band III spectral relaxation is clearly nonexponential, and analysis with the Maximum Entropy Method enables us to identify three processes. On the other hand, near-UV spectral relaxation follows an exponential decay with a time constant closely corresponding to the second process observed in the near IR. Very interestingly, the rates of all processes markedly depend on the viscosity of the co-encapsulated solvent, following a power law. Our results reveal correlations between heme pocket relaxations, induced by the R --> T transition, and structural event(s) occurring at the alpha1beta2 interface and highlight their solvent dependence. The power law viscosity dependence of relaxation rates suggests that the observed protein relaxations are "slaved" to the co-encapsulated solvent. The stepwise character of the quaternary transition is also evidenced.
authors: CNISM and Department of Physical and Astronomical Sciences, University of Palermo, via Archirafi 36, I-90123 Palermo, Italy.
authors: Giorgio
authors: G
authors: Schiro
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Cupane
mesh_terms: D005782:Gels; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008024:Ligands; D011485:Protein Binding; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D006454:Hemoglobins; D008024:Ligands