title: Evaluation of a single-item screening tool for depression after stroke: a cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the accuracy and utility of a single-item screening tool for depression (the Yale, taken from the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale) in patients who have recently had a stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of a clinical classification of depression with a screening tool in a defined cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large teaching hospital in Liverpool, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-two consecutive people admitted with an acute stroke who did not have severe cognitive or communication problems, and who were still in hospital in the second week post stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Classification of depression using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale was compared with the Yale, a single-item screening tool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When comparing the classification of depression according to the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and the response to the Yale we found that at week 2 the Yale had a sensitivity of 86% (57/66), a specificity of 84% (46/55), a positive predictive value of 86% (57/66) and a negative predictive value of 84% (46/55), with an overall efficiency of 85% (103/121); prevalence of depression was 54% (according to the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale). At month 3 the Yale had a sensitivity of 95% (52/55), a specificity of 89% (32/36), a positive predictive value of 93% (52/56) and a negative predictive value of 91% (32/35), with an overall efficiency of 92% (84/91); prevalence of depression was 60%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Yale, which only requires a 'yes' or 'no' answer to a single question, may prove a useful screening tool in identifying possible depression in people with stroke both two weeks and three months post stroke.
authors: Clinical Practice Research Unit, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, and The Royal Group of Hospitals and Dental Hospital Health and Social Services Trust, Belfast, UK. clwatkins@uclan.ac.uk
authors: Caroline L
authors: CL
authors: Watkins
authors: C Elizabeth
authors: CE
authors: Lightbody
authors: Chris J
authors: CJ
authors: Sutton
authors: Leanne
authors: L
authors: Holcroft
authors: Cathy I A
authors: CI
authors: Jack
authors: Hazel A
authors: HA
authors: Dickinson
authors: Martin D
authors: MD
authors: van den Broek
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Leathley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications*; D013997:Time Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology