Structure and evolution of the atypical mitochondrial genome of Armadillidium vulgare (Isopoda, Crustacea).
The crustacean isopod Armadillidium vulgare is characterized by an unusual approximately 42-kb-long mitochondrial genome consisting of two molecules co-occurring in mitochondria: a circular approximately 28-kb dimer formed by two approximately 14-kb monomers fused in opposite polarities and a linear approximately 14-kb monomer. Here we determined the nucleotide sequence of the fundamental monomeric unit of A. vulgare mitochondrial genome, to gain new insight into its structure and evolution. Our results suggest that the junction zone between monomers of the dimer structure is located in or near the control region. Direct sequencing indicated that the nucleotide sequences of the different monomer units are virtually identical. This suggests that gene conversion and/or replication processes play an important role in shaping nucleotide sequence variation in this mitochondrial genome. The only heteroplasmic site we identified predicts an alloacceptor tRNA change from tRNA(Ala) to tRNA(Val). Therefore, in A. vulgare, tRNA(Ala) and tRNA(Val) are found at the same locus in different monomers, ensuring that both tRNAs are present in mitochondria. The presence of this heteroplasmic site in all sequenced individuals suggests that the polymorphism is selectively maintained, probably because of the necessity of both tRNAs for maintaining proper mitochondrial functions. Thus, our results provide empirical evidence for the tRNA gene recruitment model of tRNA evolution. Moreover, interspecific comparisons showed that the A. vulgare mitochondrial gene order is highly derived compared to the putative ancestral arthropod type. By contrast, an overall high conservation of mitochondrial gene order is observed within crustacean isopods.
Marcadé
Isabelle
I
Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie des Populations de Crustacés, UMR CNRS 6556, Université de Poitiers, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, F-86022 Poitiers, France. isabelle.marcade@univ-poitiers.fr
Cordaux
Richard
R
Doublet
Vincent
V
Debenest
Catherine
C
Bouchon
Didier
D
Raimond
Roland
R
D000818:Animals; D001482:Base Composition; D001483:Base Sequence; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D033321:Isopoda / Q000235:genetics*; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D012343:RNA, Transfer