title: Estrogen and progesterone are critical regulators of Stat5a expression in the mouse mammary gland.
abstract: Signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)5a is a well-established regulator of mammary gland development. Several pathways for activating Stat5a have been identified, but little is known about the mechanisms that regulate its expression in this tissue. In this report, we used immunofluorescent staining to examine Stat5a expression in mammary epithelial cells during normal development and in response to treatment with the ovarian hormones estrogen (E) and progesterone (P). Stat5a was present at very low levels in the prepubertal gland and was highly induced in a subset of luminal epithelial cells during puberty. The percentage of positive cells increased in adult virgin, pregnant, and lactating animals, dropped dramatically during involution, and then increased again after weaning. Ovariectomy ablated Stat5a expression in virgin animals, and treatment with both E and P was necessary to restore it. Double-labeling experiments in animals treated with E plus P for 3 d demonstrated that Stat5a was localized exclusively to cells containing both E and P receptors. Together, these results identify a novel role for E and P in inducing Stat5a expression in the virgin mammary gland and suggest that these hormones act at the cellular level through their cognate receptors.
authors: Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
authors: Sarah J
authors: SJ
authors: Santos
authors: Sandra Z
authors: SZ
authors: Haslam
authors: Susan E
authors: SE
authors: Conrad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004967:Estrogens / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000378:metabolism; D011374:Progesterone / Q000502:physiology*; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D008894:Milk Proteins; D053245:RANK Ligand; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; C494093:Stat5a protein, mouse; C505689:Tnfsf11 protein, mouse; C024471:whey acidic proteins; D011374:Progesterone