Transcranial magnetic stimulation elicits coupled neural and hemodynamic consequences.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an increasingly common technique used to selectively modify neural processing. However, application of TMS is limited by uncertainty concerning its physiological effects. We applied TMS to the cat visual cortex and evaluated the neural and hemodynamic consequences. Short TMS pulse trains elicited initial activation (approximately 1 minute) and prolonged suppression (5 to 10 minutes) of neural responses. Furthermore, TMS disrupted the temporal structure of activity by altering phase relationships between neural signals. Despite the complexity of this response, neural changes were faithfully reflected in hemodynamic signals; quantitative coupling was present over a range of stimulation parameters. These results demonstrate long-lasting neural responses to TMS and support the use of hemodynamic-based neuroimaging to effectively monitor these changes over time.
Allen
Elena A
EA
Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Group in Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Pasley
Brian N
BN
Duong
Thang
T
Freeman
Ralph D
RD
D000200:Action Potentials; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*
D006454:Hemoglobins; D010100:Oxygen