title: [Clinical features and treatment outcome of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with inferior vena caval invasion or atrial tumor thrombus].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with an extension to the inferior vena cava (IVC) or right atrium is uncommon, and its prognosis remains unclear due to the few case reports. In order to elucidate the natural history and treatment outcome, this study investigated advanced HCC patients with an IVC invasion or atrial tumor thrombus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between November 1987 and June 2004, a total of 41 patients were diagnosed as having HCC with IVC or right atrial involvement using the new imaging techniques including a two-dimensional echocardiography. Those patients were stratified into the untreated 'control group' (n=17) and 'treated group' (n=24). The clinical features, treatment outcome and prognosis including patient survival were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the total patients was 55 years (male:female, 33:8). The most common cause of HCC was a hepatitis B virus infection (85.4%), followed by a hepatitis C virus infection (7.4%). According to the Child-Pugh classification, 24 patients were Child-Pugh class A (58.5%), 15 were Child-Pugh class B (36.6%), and 2 were Child-Pugh class C (4.9%). Lung metastases were identified in 10 patients (24.5%). The treatment modalities of the treated group included 11 systemic chemotherapy regimens (5-FU and cisplatin), 10 transarterial chemotherapy regimens, 2 chemoradiation procedures and 1 hepatic resection. The overall survival was 3.0 months (range, 1-29 months). The 6 month survival rate was 23.5% (4/17) in the control group and 29.2% (7/24) in the treated group. The 12 months survival rate was 0% (0/17) and 25.0% (6/24), respectively. Independent prognostic factor affecting the survival was whether or not any treatment had been carried out.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the prognosis of advanced HCC with IVC invasion or a right atrial tumor thrombi is poor, treatment might improve the survival rate.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Seung Up
authors: SU
authors: Kim
authors: Yu Ri
authors: YR
authors: Kim
authors: Do Young
authors: DY
authors: Kim
authors: Ja Kyung
authors: JK
authors: Kim
authors: Hyun Woong
authors: HW
authors: Lee
authors: Beom Kyung
authors: BK
authors: Kim
authors: Kwang Hyub
authors: KH
authors: Han
authors: Chae Yoon
authors: CY
authors: Chon
authors: Young Myoung
authors: YM
authors: Moon
authors: Sang Hoon
authors: SH
authors: Ahn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000473:pathology; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000473:pathology