title: Quantitative assessment of angiographic right ventricular wall motion in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiography of the right ventricle (RV) is a standard, reference technique to diagnose wall motion abnormalities in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C). RV wall motion is usually assessed by qualitative, visual impression, and has lacked a quantitative basis for defining abnormalities. Since the normal RV has a markedly asymmetric movement, angiographic interpretation can differ, even among experienced clinicians. The purpose of this study was to quantify RV wall motion based on contrast ventriculography in patients with ARVD/C and to specify the severity and location of wall motion abnormalities, as compared with normal subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed the angiographic contours of the RV in three views from 19 normal subjects and 23 subjects with ARVD/C. Contour area movement during contraction was calculated circumferentially and further analyzed in nine zones. RV ejection fraction was also computed. Wall motion in ARVD/C was depressed by more than 30% at the tricuspid valve and inferior wall regions (P < 0.001) and significantly reduced at the apex (P = 0.003). However, the RVOT and anterior wall motion were not significantly reduced. RV ejection fraction was depressed from 60 +/- 11% in normal subjects to 41 +/- 12% in ARVD/C patients (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wall motion abnormalities in ARVD/C can be quantified and compared with normal controls, showing primarily reduced movement in the tricuspid and inferior wall regions. This study delineates objective measurements that can be used to aid in the diagnosis of ARVD/C. In addition, they may be incorporated in future refinements of criteria to diagnose ARVD/C.
authors: Section of Cardiology, Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724-5037, USA. jindik@email.arizona.edu
authors: Julia H
authors: JH
authors: Indik
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Wichter
authors: Kathleen
authors: K
authors: Gear
authors: William J
authors: WJ
authors: Dallas
authors: Frank I
authors: FI
authors: Marcus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019571:Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*