title: Nitric oxide involvement in the effect of acute lithium administration on the nonadrenergic noncholinergic-mediated relaxation of rat gastric fundus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lithium has largely met its initial promise as the first drug to be discovered in the modern era of psychopharmacology. However, the mechanism for its action remains an enigma. The aim of the present study was to verify the effect of acute lithium administration on the nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC)-mediated relaxation of rat isolated gastric fundus and to evaluate the role of nitric oxide pathway in this manner.
  
  
  METHODS
  The isolated rat gastric fundus strips were precontracted with 0.5 microM serotonin and electrical field stimulation (EFS) was applied at 5 Hz frequency to obtain NANC-mediated relaxation in the presence or absence of lithium (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5 mM). Also, effects of combining lithium (0.1 mM) with the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME (0.03 microM) or the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ (1 microM) on relaxant responses to EFS was investigated. Moreover, effects of combining lithium (1 mM) with 0.1 mM L-arginine (a precursor of NO) on neurogenic relaxation were assessed. Also, the effect of lithium (1 mM) on relaxation to sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 1 nM-0.1 mM) and glyceryltrinitrate (GTN; 0.1-10 microM) was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The NANC-mediated relaxation was significantly (P<0.001) reduced by lithium in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Combination of lithium (0.1 mM) with L-NAME (0.03 microM), which separately had partial inhibitory effect on relaxations, significantly (P<0.001) reduced the NANC-mediated relaxation of gastric fundus. ODQ (1 microM) significantly inhibited the neurogenic relaxations in the presence or absence of lithium (0.1 and 1 mM). Although L-arginine at 0.1 mM had no effect on relaxation to EFS, it prevented the inhibition by lithium (1 mM) of relaxant responses to EFS. Also, SNP and GTN produced concentration-dependent relaxation in precontracted rat gastric fundus which was not altered by lithium incubation (1 mM).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experiments indicated that lithium likely by interfering with L-arginine/NO pathway in nitrergic nerve can result in impairment of NANC-mediated relaxation of rat gastric fundus.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran 13145-784, Iran.
authors: Mehdi
authors: M
authors: Ghasemi
authors: Ali Reza
authors: AR
authors: Karimollah
authors: Ahmad Reza
authors: AR
authors: Dehpour
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005748:Gastric Fundus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006145:Guanethidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008094:Lithium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C095284:1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010069:Oxadiazoles; D011810:Quinoxalines; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012701:Serotonin; D001285:Atropine; D001120:Arginine; D008094:Lithium; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D006145:Guanethidine