title: A novel peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor alpha/gamma dual agonist ameliorates dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in prediabetic rhesus monkeys.
abstract: TAK-559, a newly developed non-thiazolidinedione, activates both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma. We investigated the effects of TAK-559 on dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in nonhuman primates. Five adult male obese prediabetic rhesus monkeys were studied on vehicle and after TAK-559 treatment (0.3, 1.0, 3.0 mg/kg per day) for a total of 12 weeks. No significant changes were observed in body weight and fasting plasma glucose, total plasma cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. TAK-559 treatment resulted in significant elevation of circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, consisting of an increase in large HDL particles and a decrease in small dense HDL particles. Nuclear magnetic resonance data exhibited a less atherogenic lipoprotein profile with treatment. Plasma triglyceride and apolipoprotein B-100 levels decreased, whereas apolipoprotein A-I increased during TAK-559 treatment. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and homeostasis model assessment) were significantly corrected with the highest dose of 3.0 mg/kg per day in these prediabetic monkeys. In addition, no adverse effects on representative liver function parameters were observed during the study period. These results suggest that TAK-559 had beneficial effects on lipoprotein profiles and insulin sensitivity, without any side effect on body weight, which suggests that TAK-559 may provide a potentially safe approach for delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus and may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. The positive effects of TAK-559 in nonhuman primates have led to further clinical trials of TAK-559 in Europe and the United States.
authors: Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. sding001@umaryland.edu
authors: Shi-Ying
authors: SY
authors: Ding
authors: Xenia T
authors: XT
authors: Tigno
authors: Gheorghe T
authors: GT
authors: Braileanu
authors: Katsuhiko
authors: K
authors: Ito
authors: Barbara C
authors: BC
authors: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002087:Butyrates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000819:agonists*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists*; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C488478:(E)-4-(4-((5-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-4-yl)methoxy)benzyloxyimino)-4-phenylbutyric acid; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002087:Butyrates; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010080:Oxazoles; D047493:PPAR alpha; D047495:PPAR gamma