title: Achieving transparency in implementing abortion laws.
abstract: National and international courts and tribunals are increasingly ruling that although states may aim to deter unlawful abortion by criminal penalties, they bear a parallel duty to inform physicians and patients of when abortion is lawful. The fear is that women are unjustly denied safe medical procedures to which they are legally entitled, because without such information physicians are deterred from involvement. With particular attention to the European Court of Human Rights, the UN Human Rights Committee, the Constitutional Court of Colombia, the Northern Ireland Court of Appeal, and the US Supreme Court, decisions are explained that show the responsibility of states to make rights to legal abortion transparent. Litigants are persuading judges to apply rights to reproductive health and human rights to require states' explanations of when abortion is lawful, and governments are increasingly inspired to publicize regulations or guidelines on when abortion will attract neither police nor prosecutors' scrutiny.
authors: Faculty of Law and Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Cook
authors: J N
authors: JN
authors: Erdman
authors: B M
authors: BM
authors: Dickens
mesh_terms: D000029:Abortion, Legal / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D003105:Colombia; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006076:Government; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D009660:Northern Ireland; D010568:Peru; D012935:Social Justice / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D012941:Social Responsibility; D014481:United States; D014933:Women's Rights / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*