title: External cephalic version for breech presentation at term.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the success rate of External Cephalic Version (ECV) at term and its effects on measures of pregnancy outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A quasi-experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, from December 2003 to January 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 patients were offered ECV over a period of fourteen months. All singleton breech presentations with an otherwise normal antenatal course between 36-41 weeks of gestation were included in the study. Exclusion criteria included contraindications to ECV i.e. multiple pregnancy, oligohydramnios, growth retardation, antepartum hemorrhage, rupture of membranes toxemias of pregnancy, non-reassuring fetal monitoring pattern, previous uterine scar, bad obstetric history, any contraindication to vaginal delivery, labour and patient wishes after thorough counseling. Overall success rate of the procedure and its effect on maternal and fetal outcome was determined. Significance of results was determined using Chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 40 patients were recruited for the trial. Overall success rate was 67.5% with only 30% being primi-gravida (p < 0.05). Multi-gravida showed higher success rate of 80%. Following successful ECV, spontaneous vaginal delivery was attained in 77.7% (n=21), while caesarean section was performed due to various indications in about 6 cases (p < 0.05). Following failed version, 61.5% (n=8) had elective C/S and only 5 delivered vaginally. Route of delivery did not affect the perinatal outcome except for congenital abnormalities. Following successful ECV, there was only one stillbirth. Overall live births associated with successful version was 96.2% (p < 0.05), while in failed version, there were no fetal deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ECV at term appears to be a useful procedure to reduce the number and associated complications of term breech presentation. It is safe for the mother and the fetus and helps to avoid a significant number of caesarean sections.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar.
authors: Bushra
authors: B
authors: Rauf
authors: Mehrun-
authors: M
authors: Nisa
authors: Lubna
authors: L
authors: Hassan