title: Five-year outcome of LASIK for myopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy and safety of LASIK over a 5-year postoperative period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 779 eyes in 402 patients with myopia or myopic astigmatism who underwent LASIK to correct their refractive errors and received regular postoperative assessments for 5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postoperative examinations were performed 1 day; 1 week; 1, 3, and 6 months; and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years after LASIK surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated changes in uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]), manifest refraction, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (logMAR), intraocular pressure, corneal thickness, corneal endothelial cell counts, and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative UCVA of 1.27 improved to -0.03 at 1 day after surgery and -0.08 at 1 month and revealed minimal but significant decreases thereafter. Postoperative manifest refraction was also improved by surgery, showing minimal but significant regression after 1 year. Final BCVA loss was seen in 10 eyes of 7 patients; in 7 cases, there were obvious reasons such as the progression of cataracts in 3 eyes, epithelial disintegrity due to dry eye in 2 eyes, irregular astigmatism due to flap striae in 1 eye, and age-related macular dystrophy in 1 eye. Intraocular pressure and corneal thickness decreased by 4.0 mmHg and 76.9 microm, respectively, due to surgery, but remained stable throughout the follow-up period. Corneal endothelial cell counts (2689.0+/-232.9 cells/mm(2) before surgery) showed a statistically significant decrease at 5 years after surgery (2658.0+/-183.1 cells/mm(2); 1.2% loss for 5 years), likely within the range due to physiological age-related loss. No serious, vision-threatening, irreversible complication such as keratectasia or progressive endothelial cell loss was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LASIK surgery is an effective and safe procedure for correcting myopia/myopic astigmatism as long as inclusion and exclusion criteria are strictly respected. However, minimal regression occurred during the 5-year investigative period.
authors: Minamiaoyama Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan.; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan. naokato@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp
authors: Naoko
authors: N
authors: Kato
authors: Ikuko
authors: I
authors: Toda
authors: Yoshiko
authors: Y
authors: Hori-Komai
authors: Chikako
authors: C
authors: Sakai
authors: Kazuo
authors: K
authors: Tsubota
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000601:surgery; D002452:Cell Count; D003319:Corneal Stroma / Q000601:surgery*; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D020731:Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ; D054018:Lasers, Excimer; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000601:surgery*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology