title: Phosphate balance in phosphate supplemented and unsupplemented health subjects during and after hypokinesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the effect of hypokinesia (HK) and post-HK on phosphate (Pi) imbalance and use of Pi with different Pi imbalance and different Pi consumption: were measured Pi balance, plasma Pi level and Pi loss during HK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiments were conducted during the pre-experimental period of 30 days, and the HK period of 364-days and post-HK period of 30-days. Forty healthy male volunteers 24.2 +/- 2.0 yr, were divided into four groups: unsupplemented active control subjects (UACS), unsupplemented hypokinetic subjects (UHKS), supplemented active control subjects (SACS), and supplemented hypokinetic subjects (SHKS). All SACS and SHKS were supplemented with 0.6 mmol dicalcium-phosphate per kg body weight daily.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During HK, Pi imbalance, serum Pi and calcium (Ca2+) levels, fecal Pi loss, and urine Ca2+ and Pi loss increased (P < 0.05) in SHKS and UHKS compared with pre-experimental values and the values in their respective active controls (SACS and UACS). The measured parameters were changed (P < 0.05) more in SHKS than in UHKS. During the initial 20-days of post-HK, serum Pi and Ca2+ levels, fecal P loss, and urine Pi and Ca2+ losses decreased (P < 0.05), while Pi imbalance remained (P < 0.05) depressed in SHKS and UHKS compared with UACS and SACS. The measured parameters were changed (P < 0.05) more in SHKS than in UHKS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The greater Pi imbalance with than without Pi supplementation shows that the risk of higher Pi imbalance is directly related to the magnitude of Pi intake. The higher Pi loss with higher than lower Pi imbalance shows that the risk of greater Pi loss is directly related to the magnitude of Pi imbalance. It is concluded that Pi imbalance increases more when the Pi consumption is higher and that Pi loss increases more with higher than lower Pi imbalance indicating that during HK Pi imbalance is due to the inability of the body to use Pi but not to the Pi shortage in the diet.
authors: European Foundation of Environmental Sciences, Athens, Greece.
authors: Kostas K
authors: KK
authors: Kakuris
authors: Kosmas B
authors: KB
authors: Yerullis
authors: Eugenios A
authors: EA
authors: Afoninos
authors: Andrei K
authors: AK
authors: Fedorov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000652:urine*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D018476:Hypokinesia / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002118:Calcium