title: Race and ethnic variation in proximal femur structure and BMD among older men.
abstract: Femoral neck dimensions and vBMD from QCT were compared among 3,305 black, Asian, Hispanic, and white men >or=65 yr of age. All had similar stature-adjusted mean femoral neck volume, but black and Asian men had thicker cortices and higher trabecular vBMD, which may increase bone strength.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Hip fracture rates among elderly U.S. black and Asian men are lower than rates among white men. Structural characteristics or volumetric BMD (vBMD), which confer advantages for femoral neck bone strength, may vary by race/ethnicity. However, this topic has not been studied in detail.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, dimensions and vBMD in the femoral neck and shaft were obtained from QCT scans among 3,305 men >or=65 yr of age in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study. Femoral neck measures were cross-sectional area; integral, cortical, and medullary volumes and integral, cortical, and trabecular vBMD. Shaft measures were cross-sectional, cortical, and medullary areas and cortical vBMD. Self-reported race/ethnicity was classified as black, Asian, Hispanic, or white. We used multivariable linear regression models with adjustment for age, height, and body mass index to compare means of the outcome measures in black, Asian, and Hispanic men to those in whites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All groups had similar femoral neck integral volume. Among black and Asian men, mean cortical volume as a percent of integral volume was 6% greater, integral vBMD was 6-10% greater, and trabecular vBMD was 33-36% greater than means among whites. Shaft cross-sectional area was similar among blacks, but smaller among Asians, compared with whites. However, mean shaft cortical area was greater among blacks but similar among Asians and whites, resulting in mean cortical thickness being 5% greater among black and Asian men. Blacks also had greater mean cortical vBMD in both the femoral neck and shaft.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Black and Asian men >or=65 yr of age have features in the proximal femur that may confer advantages for bone strength. Specifically, greater cortical thickness and higher trabecular vBMD among black and Asian men could help explain the lower hip fracture rates in these populations. Discerning the mechanisms underlying these differences could provide advances for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
authors: Bone and Mineral Unit, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland Oregon, USA. marshaly@ohsu.edu
authors: Lynn M
authors: LM
authors: Marshall
authors: Joseph M
authors: JM
authors: Zmuda
authors: Benjamin Ks
authors: BK
authors: Chan
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Barrett-Connor
authors: Jane A
authors: JA
authors: Cauley
authors: Kristine E
authors: KE
authors: Ensrud
authors: Thomas F
authors: TF
authors: Lang
authors: Eric S
authors: ES
authors: Orwoll
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001213:Asian; D044383:Black People; D015519:Bone Density; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D044465:White People