title: Specific timing of taurine supplementation affects learning ability in mice.
abstract: The effects of taurine supplementation on visual discrimination in mice were examined. Taurine, 2-aminoethane-sulphonic acid, found in high concentrations in the central nervous system of mammals and in human milk, has been shown to be essential for development. Male mice were divided into four groups according to taurine supplementation periods. 1) Lifelong: taurine (400 mg/kg/day) was dissolved in distilled water and provided as drinking water. In the prenatal period, taurine was given via the mother. After weaning mice were administered taurine in drinking water. 2) Pre-weaning: mice were exposed to taurine prior to weaning, 3) Post-weaning: mice were exposed to taurine after weaning. 4) CONTROL: no supplementation of taurine. It was shown that the Lifelong group required a longer period of time to acquire visual discrimination than the CONTROL group. Conversely, in the Post-weaning group, mice learned the task faster than CONTROLs. Visual discrimination learning time in the Pre-weaning group showed no significant difference compared with that in the CONTROL group. From these results, we suggest that the perinatal to early postnatal period is a "sensitive period" where taurine supplementation can result in retardation of learning in later life. At the same time, taurine supplementation after weaning improved visual discrimination learning. Thus, timing of taurine supplementation affected learning.
authors: Department of Physiology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan. rsuge@saitma-med.ac.jp
authors: Rie
authors: R
authors: Suge
authors: Nobuo
authors: N
authors: Hosoe
authors: Masaru
authors: M
authors: Furube
authors: Tetsu
authors: T
authors: Yamamoto
authors: Akihiko
authors: A
authors: Hirayama
authors: Shusuke
authors: S
authors: Hirano
authors: Masahiko
authors: M
authors: Nomura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D013654:Taurine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013654:Taurine