title: Alterations in cGMP, soluble guanylate cyclase, phosphodiesterase 5, and B-type natriuretic peptide induced by chronic increased pulmonary blood flow in lambs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to determine alterations in cGMP, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), in an animal model of a congenital cardiac defect with increased pulmonary blood flow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, comparative, experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lambs, from birth until 8 weeks of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Late gestation fetal lambs underwent in utero placement of an 8 mm aortopulmonary vascular graft (shunt). In shunted and normal age-matched control lambs, at 2, 4, and 8 weeks of age, cGMP and BNP levels were measured, and sGC subunit and PDE5 protein expression were determined by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In shunted lambs, tissue and plasma cGMP levels were greater than normal throughout the 8-week study period (P < 0.05). sGCalpha protein was greater at 2 and 4 weeks (P < 0.05), and sGCbeta and PDE5 protein were greater at 4 weeks in shunted lambs (P < 0.05). Plasma BNP levels did not change in normal lambs but increased in shunted lambs by 8 weeks of age (P < 0.05). BNP levels were greater in shunted lambs than normal at 4 and 8 weeks (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alterations in sGC subunit protein expression during the first post-natal month, and increased BNP levels during the second post-natal month contribute to elevations in plasma and lung tissue cGMP in lambs with increased pulmonary blood flow.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0106, San Francisco, CA 94143-0106, USA.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Oishi
authors: Shruti
authors: S
authors: Sharma
authors: Albert
authors: A
authors: Grobe
authors: Anthony
authors: A
authors: Azakie
authors: Cynthia
authors: C
authors: Harmon
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Johengen
authors: Jong-Hau
authors: JH
authors: Hsu
authors: Sohrab
authors: S
authors: Fratz
authors: Stephen M
authors: SM
authors: Black
authors: Jeffrey R
authors: JR
authors: Fineman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000833:Animals, Suckling; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D006152:Cyclic GMP