title: Gastric bypass alters the dynamics and metabolic effects of insulin and proinsulin secretion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperproinsulinaemia is associated with obesity and is a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes. We explored the dynamics of proinsulin and insulin and postprandial effects on glucose and lipids in subjects who had undergone gastric bypass (GBP) surgery compared with morbidly obese (MO) subjects and normal weight control subjects (NW).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects free from diabetes were recruited: 10 previously MO subjects [body mass index (BMI) +/- sd, 34.8 +/- 6.2 kg/m2] who had undergone GBP surgery, 10 MO subjects (BMI 44 +/- 3.1 kg/m2) and 12 NW control subjects (BMI 23.2 +/- 2.4 kg/m2). After an overnight fast, a standard meal (2400 kJ) was ingested and glucose, proinsulin, insulin free fatty acids and triglycerides were determined up to 180 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting proinsulin was similar in the GBP group and NW control subjects, but threefold increased in MO subjects (P < 0.05). Postprandial AUC for glucose was similar in the three groups and AUC for proinsulin was high in MO, intermediate in the GBP group and lowest in NW control subjects (P for trend = 0.020). Postprandial proinsulin at 60 min was similar in the GBP group and MO subjects and twofold higher than in NW control subjects. Postprandial proinsulin at 180 min was normal in the GBP group, but fivefold increased in MO subjects (P = 0.008). Insulin increased rapidly at 30 min in the GBP group and was normal at 90 min, whereas insulin was still increased at 90-180 min in the MO subjects (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MO subjects, free from diabetes, have elevated proinsulin concentrations in the fasting as well as the postprandial phase. After GBP surgery markedly lower fasting and postprandial proinsulin concentrations were observed, although BMI was higher compared with NW control subjects.
authors: Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. hans-erik.johansson@akademiska.se
authors: H-E
authors: HE
authors: Johansson
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ohrvall
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Haenni
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Sundbom
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Edén Engström
authors: F A
authors: FA
authors: Karlsson
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Zethelius
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011384:Proinsulin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D011384:Proinsulin