Store-operated calcium entry in vascular smooth muscle.
In non-excitable cells, activation of G-protein-coupled phospholipase C (PLC)-linked receptors causes the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores, which is followed by transmembrane Ca(2+) entry. This Ca(2+) entry underlies a small and sustained phase of the cellular [Ca(2+)](i) increases and is important for several cellular functions including gene expression, secretion and cell proliferation. This form of transmembrane Ca(2+) entry is supported by agonist-activated Ca(2+)-permeable ion channels that are activated by store depletion and is referred to as store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) and represents a major pathway for agonist-induced Ca(2+) entry. In excitable cells such as smooth muscle cells, Ca(2+) entry mechanisms responsible for sustained cellular activation are normally considered to be mediated via either voltage-operated or receptor-operated Ca(2+) channels. Although SOCE occurs following agonist activation of smooth muscle, this was thought to be more important in replenishing Ca(2+) stores rather than acting as a source of activator Ca(2+) for the contractile process. This review summarizes our current knowledge of SOCE as a regulator of vascular smooth muscle tone and discusses its possible role in the cardiovascular function and disease. We propose a possible hypothesis for its activation and suggest that SOCE may represent a novel target for pharmacological therapeutic intervention.
Leung
F P
FP
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Yung
L M
LM
Yao
X
X
Laher
I
I
Huang
Y
Y
D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D002462:Cell Membrane; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*
D015220:Calcium Channels; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D002118:Calcium