title: The comparison of serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels between patients with metastatic and non-metastatic thyroid cancer, and patients with nontoxic multinodular goiter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the important proangiogenic factors involved in the growth of normal and neoplastic tissues is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that serum VEGF concentration would differ between patients with metastatic and non-metastatic thyroid cancer, multinodular goiter, and healthy subjects. We also hypothesized that endogenous TSH stimulation would affect serum VEGF level.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 71 patients (62 females and 9 males), aged 44.9 +/- 12.3 years, with differentiated thyroid cancer (50 papillary, 17 follicular, and 4 oxyphilic), treated in our department during the years 2003-2006. All patients had undergone total or near-total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine treatment, that had resulted in remission in 59 patients and persistent/recurrent disease in 12 patients. The study included two control groups: 30 patients with nontoxic multinodular goiter and 30 healthy subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum VEGF concentrations were significantly higher in patients with distant metastases than those in remission or healthy patients. (423.4 vs 217.6 vs 235.55 pg/ml respectively, P < 0.05). This was not observed in patients with locoregional metastases. During endogenous TSH stimulation, VEGF decreased significantly (215.3 vs 169.6 pg/ml, P < 0.05). Patients with multinodular goiter showed significantly lower VEGF concentrations than the remaining study groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum VEGF concentration might be used as an additional marker of thyroid cancer with distant metastases, but its interpretation should be undertaken very cautiously. Endogenous TSH stimulation decreases VEGF levels in patients either with or without thyroid tissue, suggesting that its regulatory effects are through receptors located outside the thyrocytes.
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland. adamgw@poczta.onet.pl
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Klubo-Gwiezdzinska
authors: Roman
authors: R
authors: Junik
authors: Ewa
authors: E
authors: Kopczynska
authors: Olga
authors: O
authors: Juraniec
authors: Hanna
authors: H
authors: Kardymowicz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006044:Goiter, Nodular / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D013972:Thyrotropin