title: Repeated botulinum toxin injection for idiopathic overactive bladder: will chemodenervation become a long-term solution?
abstract: Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) has emerged as a novel treatment option for idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB) refractory to antimuscarinic agents. The clinical needs of refractory OAB patients have been recently met by sacral neuromodulation and augmentation enterocystoplasty. Important features of BTX-A should include safety, efficacy, and ease of delivery during long-term repeated usage. This article reviews the role of repeated BTX-A injections in the treatment of idiopathic OAB.
authors: Darius J
authors: DJ
authors: Unwala
authors: Paholo
authors: P
authors: Barboglio
authors: Angelo E
authors: AE
authors: Gousse
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D019233:Retreatment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D014563:Urodynamics
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A