title: Relations between movement disorders and psychopathology under predominantly atypical antipsychotic treatment in adolescent patients with schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine relations between movement disorders (MD) and psychopathological symptoms in an adolescent population with schizophrenia under treatment with predominantly atypical antipsychotics.
  
  
  METHODS
  MD symptoms and psychopathology were cross-sectionally assessed in 93 patients (aged 19.6 +/- 2.2 years) using Tardive Dyskinesia Rating Scale (TDRS), Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), Extrapyramidal Symptom Scale (EPS), Barnes Akathisia Scale (BAS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Schedule for Assessment of Negative/Positive Symptoms (SANS/SAPS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients with MD symptoms (n = 37; 39.8 %) showed pronounced global psychpathological signs (SANS/SAPS, BPRS: p = 0.026, p = 0.033, p = 0.001) with predominant anergia symptoms (p = 0.005) and inclinations toward higher anxiety- and depression-related symptoms (p = 0.051) as well as increased thought disturbance (p = 0.066). Both negative symptoms and anergia showed trends for positive correlations with tardive dyskinesia (p = 0.068; p = 0.065) as well as significant correlations with parkinsonism symptoms (p = 0.036; p = 0.023). Akathisia symptoms correlated significantly with hostile and suspicious symptoms (p = 0.013). A superfactor-analysis revealed four factors supporting the aforementioned results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MD symptoms and psychopathology are in some respects related to each other. Motor symptoms representing on the one hand trait characteristics of schizophrenia might additionally be triggered by antipsychotics and finally co-occur with more residual symptoms within a long-term treatment.
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35033 Marburg, Germany. Stefan.Gebhardt@med.uni-marburg.de
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Gebhardt
authors: Fabian
authors: F
authors: Härtling
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Hanke
authors: Frank M
authors: FM
authors: Theisen
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: von Georgi
authors: Phillip
authors: P
authors: Grant
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Mittendorf
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Martin
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Fleischhaker
authors: Eberhard
authors: E
authors: Schulz
authors: Helmut
authors: H
authors: Remschmidt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017109:Akathisia, Drug-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000187:drug effects; D011594:Psychometrics; D011599:Psychopathology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents