gamma-Cyclodextrin: a review on enzymatic production and applications.
Cyclodextrins are cyclic alpha-1,4-glucans that are produced from starch or starch derivates using cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase). The most common forms are alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins. This mini-review focuses on the enzymatic production, unique properties, and applications of gamma-cyclodextrin as well as its difference with alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins. As all known wild-type CGTases produce a mixture of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins, the obtaining of a CGTase predominantly producing gamma-cyclodextrin is discussed. Recently, more economic production processes for gamma-cyclodextrin have been developed using improved gamma-CGTases and appropriate complexing agents. Compared with alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins, gamma-cyclodextrin has a larger internal cavity, higher water solubility, and more bioavailability, so it has wider applications in many industries, especially in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Li
Zhaofeng
Z
Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
Wang
Miao
M
Wang
Feng
F
Gu
Zhengbiao
Z
Du
Guocheng
G
Wu
Jing
J
Chen
Jian
J
D001407:Bacillus / Q000201:enzymology*; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods*; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C019963:cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase; C023792:gamma-cyclodextrin