title: A divalent hapten-peptide induces apoptosis in human non hodgkin lymphoma cell lines targeted by anti-CD20xanti-hapten bispecific antibodies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bispecific antibody (bsMAb) pretargeting procedures use divalent hapten-peptides to stabilize the binding of the hapten-peptide on tumor cells by a process known as the affinity enhancement system. The goal of this study was to determine if a divalent hapten-peptide could induce apoptosis by cross-linking bsMAb bound to CD20.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three forms of bsMAbs were prepared by coupling the IgG, F(ab')2, or Fab' of a humanized anti-CD20 antibody to a Fab' of a murine antibody directed against the hapten histamine-succinyl-glycine (HSG). A recombinant bsMAb with divalent binding to CD20 and monovalent binding to HSG was also examined. Induction of apoptosis on SU-DHL-6, RL, and Ramos cells was examined by propidium iodide staining, caspase-3 activation, and mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, and compared with induction by cross-linking an anti-CD20 IgG with an antispecies antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The various forms of bsMAb had differing baseline levels of apoptosis in the absence of the divalent HSG peptide. The addition of the divalent HSG peptide significantly increased the level of apoptosis seen with the Fab'xFab' bsMAb by 2.2- to 3.9-fold, as well as the F(ab')2xFab', IgGxFab', and the recombinant bsMAbs by approximately 1.5-fold.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of a divalent HSG peptide to various forms of bispecific anti-CD20 MAbs could enhance apoptotic signaling in several lymphoma cells. This effect was more consistently measured when the orientation of the anti-hapten-binding arm of the bsMAb was well defined, such as in the Fab'xFab' and recombinant forms of bsMAb.
authors: Center for Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Belleville, New Jersey, 07109, USA.
authors: Pierre-Yves
authors: PY
authors: Brard
authors: Habibe
authors: H
authors: Karacay
authors: Rhona
authors: R
authors: Stein
authors: Robert M
authors: RM
authors: Sharkey
authors: M Jules
authors: MJ
authors: Mattes
authors: Chien-Hsing
authors: CH
authors: Chang
authors: Edmund A
authors: EA
authors: Rossi
authors: William J
authors: WJ
authors: McBride
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Goldenberg
mesh_terms: D018033:Antibodies, Bispecific / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018951:Antigens, CD20 / Q000276:immunology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000276:immunology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006241:Haptens / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial
chemical_list: D018033:Antibodies, Bispecific; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018951:Antigens, CD20; D004151:Dipeptides; D006241:Haptens; D053148:Caspase 3