EU demonstration project for separate discharge and treatment of urine, faeces and greywater--part II: cost comparison of different sanitation systems.
The experience from the EU demonstration project was used for a cost analysis of different sanitation systems with regard to nutrient recycling. The analysis was made for an existing residential area, for which the different sanitation systems have been applied. The cost calculations were made for a lifetime of 50 years. The multiple sewer systems cause higher investment costs, mainly for the installation of the additional facilities; the investment costs for the treatment are lower. The cost analysis did not prove lower costs for the new sanitation concepts in this special case in comparison with the conventional system. Economic benefits are demonstrated for the operation costs. The result will be reinforced by the consideration of an increase of the energy costs. The revenues for the nutrient related products have only a very small impact on the result.
Oldenburg
M
M
Otterwasser GmbH, Engelsgrube 81, 23552, Lübeck. oldenburg@otterwasser.de
Peter-Fröhlich
A
A
Dlabacs
C
C
Pawlowski
L
L
Bonhomme
A
A
D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005062:European Union; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014038:Toilet Facilities / Q000592:standards; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
D014867:Water