Relations between movement disorders and psychopathology under predominantly atypical antipsychotic treatment in adolescent patients with schizophrenia.
OBJECTIVE
To examine relations between movement disorders (MD) and psychopathological symptoms in an adolescent population with schizophrenia under treatment with predominantly atypical antipsychotics.


METHODS
MD symptoms and psychopathology were cross-sectionally assessed in 93 patients (aged 19.6 +/- 2.2 years) using Tardive Dyskinesia Rating Scale (TDRS), Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), Extrapyramidal Symptom Scale (EPS), Barnes Akathisia Scale (BAS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Schedule for Assessment of Negative/Positive Symptoms (SANS/SAPS).


RESULTS
All patients with MD symptoms (n = 37; 39.8 %) showed pronounced global psychpathological signs (SANS/SAPS, BPRS: p = 0.026, p = 0.033, p = 0.001) with predominant anergia symptoms (p = 0.005) and inclinations toward higher anxiety- and depression-related symptoms (p = 0.051) as well as increased thought disturbance (p = 0.066). Both negative symptoms and anergia showed trends for positive correlations with tardive dyskinesia (p = 0.068; p = 0.065) as well as significant correlations with parkinsonism symptoms (p = 0.036; p = 0.023). Akathisia symptoms correlated significantly with hostile and suspicious symptoms (p = 0.013). A superfactor-analysis revealed four factors supporting the aforementioned results.


CONCLUSIONS
MD symptoms and psychopathology are in some respects related to each other. Motor symptoms representing on the one hand trait characteristics of schizophrenia might additionally be triggered by antipsychotics and finally co-occur with more residual symptoms within a long-term treatment.
Gebhardt
Stefan
S
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35033 Marburg, Germany. Stefan.Gebhardt@med.uni-marburg.de
Härtling
Fabian
F
Hanke
Markus
M
Theisen
Frank M
FM
von Georgi
Richard
R
Grant
Phillip
P
Mittendorf
Markus
M
Martin
Matthias
M
Fleischhaker
Christian
C
Schulz
Eberhard
E
Remschmidt
Helmut
H
D000293:Adolescent; D017109:Akathisia, Drug-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000187:drug effects; D011594:Psychometrics; D011599:Psychopathology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents