The origins of oncomice: a history of the first transgenic mice genetically engineered to develop cancer.
This perspective describes the concurrent development in the 1980s of the first transgenic mice genetically engineered to express dominant oncogenes, involving independent researchers who were largely unaware of each other's strategies and progress. We relate the experimental designs, the pitfalls and challenges encountered, and the eventual success in developing distinctive mouse models of cancer, wherein tumors arose heritably in various organs. These early oncomice have produced a wealth of new knowledge, become topics of intellectual property, and spawned a vibrant field of cancer research that is revealing mechanisms of tumorigenesis and suggesting new therapeutic strategies for treating the human disease.
Hanahan
Douglas
D
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Diabetes Center, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. dh@biochem.ucsf.edu
Wagner
Erwin F
EF
Palmiter
Richard D
RD
D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics*; D009857:Oncogenes; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology