title: Arterial stiffness is independently associated with emphysema severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) die of cardiovascular causes than of respiratory causes, and patients with COPD have increased morbidity and mortality from stroke and coronary heart disease. Arterial stiffness independently predicts cardiovascular risk, is associated with atheromatous plaque burden, and is increased in patients with COPD compared with control subjects matched for cardiovascular risk factors. Elastin fragmentation and changes in collagen are found in the connective tissue of both emphysematous lungs and stiff arteries, but it is not known whether the severity of arterial stiffness in patients with COPD is associated with the severity of emphysema.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify whether the extent of arterial stiffness is associated with emphysema severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional study in 157 patients with COPD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We measured pulse wave velocity (a validated measure of arterial stiffness), blood pressure, smoking pack-years, glucose, cholesterol, and C-reactive protein in 157 patients with COPD. We assessed emphysema using quantitative computed tomography scanning in a subgroup of 73 patients. We found that emphysema severity was associated with arterial stiffness (r = 0.471, P < 0.001). The association was independent of smoking, age, sex, FEV(1)% predicted, highly sensitive C-reactive protein and glucose concentrations, cholesterol-high-density lipoprotein ratio, and pulse oximetry oxygen saturations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emphysema severity is associated with arterial stiffness in patients with COPD. Similar pathophysiological processes may be involved in both lung and arterial tissue and further studies are now required to identify the mechanism underlying this newly described association.
authors: ELEGI/Colt Laboratories, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH164SB UK. david.mcallister@ed.ac.uk
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: McAllister
authors: John D
authors: JD
authors: Maclay
authors: Nicholas L
authors: NL
authors: Mills
authors: Grant
authors: G
authors: Mair
authors: Joy
authors: J
authors: Miller
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Anderson
authors: David E
authors: DE
authors: Newby
authors: John T
authors: JT
authors: Murchison
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Macnee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001158:Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000379:methods; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed