title: Comprehensive characterization of serum clinical chemistry parameters and the identification of urinary superoxide dismutase in a carbon tetrachloride-induced model of hepatic fibrosis in the female Hanover Wistar rat.
abstract: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) was used to induce liver fibrosis in the rat. Using this model, we have identified changes in serum and urinary clinical chemistry parameters, and characterized histopathological lesions in the liver. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, rats were dosed at six levels of CCl(4) (0.06-0.36 ml/kg) twice weekly for 6 weeks, followed by a 6-week non-dosing recovery period (week 12). Livers were removed for histology at 6 and 12 weeks and serum parameters analysed. In Experiment 2, rats were given seven dose levels of CCl(4) (0.4-1.0 ml/kg) twice weekly for 6 weeks, followed by a 6-week recovery period (week 12); urine samples were analysed at 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks using one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Liver fibrosis was evident at 6 weeks in Experiments 1 and 2, and the activity of serum enzymes (including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase) was increased. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis (Experiment 2) revealed a protein band at 18.4 kDa in urine from rats treated with CCl(4), not present in control urine, which was identified as copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD). Western blotting revealed that SOD was increased in urine from rats treated with CCl(4) at 3 and 6 weeks, but not at 9 and 12 weeks. We conclude that Cu/Zn SOD is a urinary marker of hepatic necrosis, but not hepatic fibrosis.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, UK. rosemary.smyth@pharmacy.ac.uk
authors: Rosemary
authors: R
authors: Smyth
authors: Michael R
authors: MR
authors: Munday
authors: Malcolm J
authors: MJ
authors: York
authors: Christopher J
authors: CJ
authors: Clarke
authors: Theo
authors: T
authors: Dare
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Turton
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D023421:Models, Animal; D009336:Necrosis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000652:urine*; D013997:Time Factors; D000637:Transaminases / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase; D000637:Transaminases; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase