Myofascial dysfunction associated with chronic pelvic floor pain: management strategies.
Myofascial pain as a cause of chronic pelvic pain with or without pelvic organ pathology is well-documented in the literature. Causes of this pain are multifactorial, including specific pelvic organ pathologies, neuromuscular disorders, and psychologic causes. Management of this myofascial component of chronic pelvic pain involves a multidisciplinary approach including physicians, physical therapists, neurologists, and psychiatrists. Treatment strategies, including behavioral management, medications, physical therapy, trigger point injections, neuromodulation, botulinum toxin injection, and other lesser known treatment modalities, are discussed in detail in this article.
Srinivasan
Arun K
AK
The Arthur Smith Institute of Urology, North Shore and Long Island Jewish Health System, 425 Lakeville Road, New Hyde Park, New York, NY 11040, USA. arunsri0@hotmail.com
Kaye
Jonathan D
JD
Moldwin
Robert
R
D026881:Acupuncture; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D009209:Myofascial Pain Syndromes / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D017773:Pelvic Floor; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy
D001905:Botulinum Toxins