title: Screening of cry gene contents of Bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from avocado orchards in Mexico, and their insecticidal activity towards Argyrotaenia sp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) larvae.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To screen for Bacillus thuringiensis strains from avocado orchards in two Mexican states with lepidopteran-specific cry gene content and evaluate their insecticidal activity against Argyrotaenia sp., an undescribed species present in avocado orchards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lepidopteran-active cry1, cry2 and cry9 genes were detected by PCR analysis in 37 isolates. cry1 genes were more frequent in Michoacán, but were undetected in Nayarit isolates. cry9 and cry2 genes were detected in isolates from both states, although cry2 genes were less frequent. A variety of crystal shapes were observed among the isolates. According to gene profile, eight isolates were selected and tested against 2-day old Argyrotaenia sp. larvae. Standard strain HD-125 caused the highest mortality followed by strain MR-26 from Michoacán at a concentration of 500 microg ml(-1), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from avocado orchards exhibit a low toxic activity towards Argyrotaenia sp. larvae, in spite of their specific cry gene content.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Toxic activity of B. thuringiensis is not necessarily related to insect pest habitat and neither to specific cry gene content associated to other lepidopterans.
authors: Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica-IPN, Reynosa, Tamp., México. nrosas@ipn.mx
authors: N M
authors: NM
authors: Rosas-García
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Mireles-Martínez
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Hernández-Mendoza
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Ibarra
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics*; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D003460:Crystallization; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000235:genetics*; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D008800:Mexico; D009036:Moths; D027421:Persea / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis