title: Promoter methylation status of multiple genes in uveal melanoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aberrant promoter hypermethylation of CpG islands is thought to play an important role in the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs) in cancer. Studies of cutaneous melanoma have reported a high methylation rate for MGMT, DAPK, RAR-b2, and RASSF1A. In colon cancer, SOCS-1, IGF-2, RUNX3, NEUROG1, and CACNA1G are commonly inactivated. The concomitant methylation of at least three of these genes may represent a distinct trait, the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of epigenetic inactivation of multiple genes in uveal melanoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty samples of uveal melanoma were analyzed for the methylation status of nine candidate cancer-related genes: MGMT, DAPK, RAR-b2, RASSF1A, SOCS-1, IGF-2, RUNX3, NEUROG1, and CACNA1G, using real-time quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction after sodium bisulfite modification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Methylation rates of the genes commonly inactivated in cutaneous melanoma were 70% for RASSFIA, 5% for MGMT and DAPK, and 0 for RAR-b2. The rates for the CIMP-related genes were 25% for RUNX3, 5% for NEUROG1 and CACNA1G, and 0 for SOCS-1 and IGF-2. None of the samples was CIMP-positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study uveal melanoma was negative for CIMP, with hypermethylation of RASSF1A. The negative CIMP phenotype and frequent RASSF1A methylation in uveal melanoma is in accord with its known lack of BRAF mutations. Given that mutations in genes of the RAS pathway are rarely observed in uveal melanoma, epigenetic inactivation of RASSF1A may be an alternative mechanism of tumorigenesis. The low frequency of promoter methylation of TSGs commonly inactivated in cutaneous melanoma further stratifies the different tumorigenesis pathway in cutaneous and uveal melanoma.
authors: The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors: Efrat
authors: E
authors: Merhavi
authors: Yoram
authors: Y
authors: Cohen
authors: Bat Chen R
authors: BC
authors: Avraham
authors: Shahar
authors: S
authors: Frenkel
authors: Itay
authors: I
authors: Chowers
authors: Jacob
authors: J
authors: Pe'er
authors: Nitza
authors: N
authors: Goldenberg-Cohen
mesh_terms: D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D052138:Genes, Neoplasm; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins