title: Mortality in adolescent girls vs boys following traumatic shock: an analysis of the National Pediatric Trauma Registry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Female sex imparts a survival benefit after traumatic injury in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of patients (aged 0-17 years) included in the National Pediatric Trauma Registry between April 1994 and September 2001. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of sex on mortality, adjusting for age, severity of injury (New Injury Severity Score and Pediatric Trauma Score), severity of head or extremity injury, injury mechanism, intent, and comorbidities. Subset analysis focused on severely injured children (New Injury Severity Score >or= 16) with shock (systolic blood pressure <or= 90 mm Hg, adjusted for age).
  
  
  METHODS
  Adjusted odds of mortality between sexes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 46,859 children, 67% were boys. Girls had a higher crude mortality rate than boys (3.1% vs 2.7%, respectively; P < .05), but after adjustment, no significant difference was found in the odds of mortality between sexes (odds ratio, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-1.37). Among children meeting the definition of severe injury with shock (n = 697), mortality was 39%. On regression analysis, sex did not predict outcomes in prepubescent children (aged <or= 11 years; n = 532; 95% confidence interval, 0.56-1.22). However, among adolescents (aged 12-17 years), girls demonstrated significantly decreased odds of death when compared with equivalently injured boys (odds ratio, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.90; n = 165).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescent girls exhibit lower mortality than boys following traumatic shock. This effect is not seen in prepubescent children. These findings suggest that hormonal differences may play a role in the sex-based outcome disparities following traumatic shock in children.
authors: Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 688, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. ahaider1@jhmi.edu
authors: Adil H
authors: AH
authors: Haider
authors: David T
authors: DT
authors: Efron
authors: Elliott R
authors: ER
authors: Haut
authors: David C
authors: DC
authors: Chang
authors: Charles N
authors: CN
authors: Paidas
authors: Edward E
authors: EE
authors: Cornwell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012774:Shock, Traumatic / Q000401:mortality*; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology