title: A cell proteomic approach for the detection of secretable biomarkers of invasiveness in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify potential biomarkers of invasiveness in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pilot proteomic study for the identification of secreted and cleaved proteins that can serve as potential biomarkers for head and neck carcinoma invasiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two primary cell lines and their variants were established from 2 oral squamous cell carcinoma human tissue samples with distinct invasive phenotypes. The cell lines were confirmed to maintain the invasive capacity of the original cancer when implanted into the tongues of immunocompromised RAG-2/gamma(c) mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Invasiveness was assessed by the capacity of cells to invade through a matrigel matrix using the Boyden chamber assay and correlated with the invasiveness seen clinically and histologically in patients. In parallel, cell lines were grown in serum-free conditioned medium, which was then used to identify secreted and/or cleaved proteins that emanate from cancer cells, using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization combined with tandem mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The invasion assays revealed a correlation between cell migration capacity through matrigel matrix and the aggressive phenotype seen in the clinical and histopathological assessments. More than 50 proteins were identified as being differentially secreted in media between the least and the more aggressive cell lines (P < .05). These include proteins that regulate cell metabolism, cell structure, cell adhesion, and cell motility, as well as proteins with undefined function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report a sensitive and clinically relevant approach to screen for secreted biomarkers of oral squamous cell carcinoma invasiveness using proteomic technology. Both high- and low-abundant secreted proteins were identified and can represent potential biomarkers for oral cancer.
authors: Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Segal Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3755 Chemin Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
authors: Alex M
authors: AM
authors: Mlynarek
authors: Richard L
authors: RL
authors: Balys
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Su
authors: Michael P
authors: MP
authors: Hier
authors: Martin J
authors: MJ
authors: Black
authors: Moulay A
authors: MA
authors: Alaoui-Jamali
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D040901:Proteomics; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins