title: Statin treatment increases formation of carbon monoxide and bilirubin in mice: a novel mechanism of in vivo antioxidant protection.
abstract: Heme oxygenase (HO) has a central role in cellular antioxidant defences and vascular protection, and it may mediate pleiotropic actions of drugs used in cardiovascular therapy. We investigated whether long-term use of statins upregulates HO activity and increases carbon monoxide (CO) and bilirubin levels in vivo. Adult FvB mice were given atorvastatin or rosuvastatin (5 mg/kg) daily by i.p. injections for 1, 2, or 3 weeks. HO activity, tissue CO, bilirubin, and antioxidant levels, total plasma bilirubin, and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) were measured. Fold changes in heart HO activity significantly increased after 1, 2, and 3 weeks of atorvastatin (1.24 +/- 0.06 (p < or = 0.05); 1.29 +/- 0.26 (p < or = 0.03); 1.33 +/- 0.08 (p < 0.01), respectively) and 2 and 3 weeks of rosuvastatin (1.23 +/- 0.20 (p < or = 0.03); 1.63 +/- 0.42 (p < 0.01), respectively). Heart tissue CO and COHb levels also increased after 3 weeks with atorvastatin (1.30 +/- 0.24 (p < or = 0.05); 1.92 +/- 0.17 (p < or = 0.001), respectively) and rosuvastatin (1.47 +/- 0.13 (p < or = 0.004); 1.63 +/- 0.12 (p < or = 0.001), respectively). Significant increases in heart antioxidant levels were observed after statin treatment and corroborated by heart bilirubin content elevations. Antioxidant level increases were abolished by treatment with an HO inhibitor. These findings suggest that the induction of HO and the production of its products, CO and bilirubin, may be a mechanism by which statins exert antioxidant actions and confer cardioprotection in vivo.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Rm. S230, Stanford, CA 94305-5208, USA.
authors: Lucie
authors: L
authors: Muchova
authors: Ronald J
authors: RJ
authors: Wong
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Hsu
authors: Ichiro
authors: I
authors: Morioka
authors: Libor
authors: L
authors: Vitek
authors: Jaroslav
authors: J
authors: Zelenka
authors: Henning
authors: H
authors: Schröder
authors: David K
authors: DK
authors: Stevenson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D005464:Fluorobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000378:metabolism; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D051379:Mice; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005464:Fluorobenzenes; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D011758:Pyrroles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D001663:Bilirubin