title: Quantitative assessment of iron accumulation in the deep gray matter of multiple sclerosis by magnetic field correlation imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Deposition of iron has been recognized recently as an important factor of pathophysiologic change including neurodegenerative processes in multiple sclerosis (MS). We propose that there is an excess accumulation of iron in the deep gray matter in patients with MS that can be measured with a newly developed quantitative MR technique--magnetic field correlation (MFC) imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  With a 3T MR system, we studied 17 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 14 age-matched healthy control subjects. We acquired MFC imaging using an asymmetric single-shot echo-planar imaging sequence. Regions of interest were selected in both deep gray matter and white matter regions, and the mean MFC values were compared between patients and controls. We also correlated the MFC data with lesion load and neuropsychologic tests in the patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MFC measured in the deep gray matter in patients with MS was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls (P < or = .03), with an average increase of 24% in the globus pallidus, 39.5% in the putamen, and 30.6% in the thalamus. The increased iron deposition measured with MFC in the deep gray matter in the patients correlated positively with the total number of MS lesions (thalamus: r = 0.61, P = .01; globus pallidus: r = 0.52, P = .02). A moderate but significant correlation between the MFC value in the deep gray matter and the neuropsychologic tests was also found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative measurements of iron content with MFC demonstrate increased accumulation of iron in the deep gray matter in patients with MS, which may be associated with the disrupted iron outflow pathway by lesions. Such abnormal accumulation of iron may contribute to neuropsychologic impairment and have implications for neurodegenerative processes in MS.
authors: Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA. yulin.ge@med.nyu.edu
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Ge
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Jensen
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Lu
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Helpern
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Miles
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Inglese
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Babb
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Herbert
authors: R I
authors: RI
authors: Grossman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D007501:Iron