title: Ultrasound and tomographic evaluation of temporomandibular joints in adolescents with and without signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Condylar position in the glenoid fossa has been linked to temporomandibular disorders (TMDs); however its importance in TMD aetiology is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine joint spaces and condylar position in adolescents with TMDs using ultrasound static images and linear corrected tomograms at the mandibular rest position.
  
  
  METHODS
  Craniomandibular index (CMI) and a symptom questionnaire were assessed in 217 subjects aged 12-18 years. Those with the lowest and the highest scores were divided into control (n=20) and SSTMD (presence of signs and symptoms of TMD) groups (n=20). Ultrasound images and tomography were used to measure the distance between the capsule and the lateral surface of the condyle and to determine the condyle location at the mandibular resting position, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean distances obtained from ultrasound images did not correlate with CMI scores and they did not differ between the two groups (P>0.05). Posterior positioned condyles were determined on tomograms, and they were more prevalent both in the SSTMD group (P=0.05) and in girls (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though there was a significant difference in condyle position between the control and SSTMD groups, determined by axially corrected tomograms, it cannot be inferred that posteriorly positioned condyles can predict TMDs. In addition, there was no association between the articular capsule and the lateral condyle surface distances measured by ultrasound using a 10 MHz linear transducer and the clinical diagnosis of TMD. Further studies in diagnostic imaging of TMJs with ultrasound should be encouraged, since it has some useful diagnostic applications and does not require special facilities.
authors: Oral Physiology Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Pereira
authors: M B D
authors: MB
authors: Gavião
authors: L R
authors: LR
authors: Bonjardim
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: Castelo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017746:Joint Capsule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D013016:Sound; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014054:Tomography; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014716:Vertical Dimension