title: Levofloxacin-based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori re-treatment: role of bacterial resistance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  First-line Helicobacter pylori therapy fails in more than 20% of patients. Quadruple therapy is the suggested second-line therapy, but bismuth salts are not anymore available worldwide. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a levofloxacin-amoxycillin triple therapy as a second-line treatment, and the role of primary levofloxacin resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients, in whom first treatment with either standard 10-day triple or sequential therapy had failed, received 10-day triple therapy with rabeprazole (20mg b.d.), levofloxacin (250mg b.d.), and amoxycillin (1g b.d.). Cure rates were evaluated by the (13)C-urea breath test. Primary levofloxacin resistance was detected by culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacterial culture was available in 33 (82.5%) out 40 patients, and primary levofloxacin resistance was detected in 10 (30.3%) patients. Overall, 33 of 40 patients accepted to participate in this study, and all returned for follow-up after therapy. Compliance to the therapy was safe except 1 patient only who stopped earlier the treatment due to side effects (oral candidiasis). H. pylori infection was eradicated in 24 patients, accounting for a 72.7% (95% CI: 57-88) eradication rate at both intention-to-treat and per protocol analyses. The eradication rate was higher in patients harbouring levofloxacin-susceptible than resistant strains (75% versus 33.3%; P=0.074).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The eradication rate achieved by a levofloxacin-based re-treatment seems to be decreasing, and its efficacy is reduced in presence of levofloxacin resistance.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Perna
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Zullo
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Ricci
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Hassan
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Morini
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Vaira
mesh_terms: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001944:Breath Tests; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D064704:Levofloxacin; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D064750:Rabeprazole; D019233:Retreatment
chemical_list: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D064750:Rabeprazole; D064704:Levofloxacin; D000658:Amoxicillin; D015242:Ofloxacin