title: Protective effect of raloxifene on lipopolysaccharide and acid- induced acute lung injury in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the protective effect of oral raloxifene on acute lung injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats each weighing 180-210 g were used and divided into 3 groups: the raloxifene-lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-HCl group (n=10), the LPS-raloxifene-HCl group (n=10), and the placebo group (n=10). All the rats were injected intraperitoneally (ip) with 5 mg/kg LPS, and raloxifene (30 mg/kg) was orally administered 1 h before and 14 h after LPS injection into the raloxifene-LPS-HCl and the LPS-raloxifene-HCl groups, respectively; the placebo group received nothing. Sixteen hours after LPS injection, all the animals were anesthetized and the femoral artery was cannulated. All the rats received a direct intratracheal (IT) injection of HCl (pH 1.2; 0.5 mL/kg). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and blood gas concentrations were measured. Fifteen rats (5 in each group, respectively) underwent a micro positron emission tomography (microPET) scan of the thorax 4 h after HCl instillation. The wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio determination and histopathological examination were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rats in the LPS-raloxifene-HCl group had a lower [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake compared with the rats in the placebo group (4.67+/-1.33 vs 9.01+/-1.58, respectively, P<0.01). The rats in the LPS-raloxifene-HCl group also had a lower histological lung injury score (8.20+/-1.23 vs 12.6+/-0.97, respectively, P<0.01) and W/D weight ratio (5.335+/-0.198 vs 5.886+/-0.257, respectively, P<0.01) compared to the placebo group. The rats in this group also showed better pulmonary gas exchange and more stable mean arterial pressure (MAP) compared to the placebo group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Raloxifene provides a significant protective effect on acute lung injury in rats induced first by LPS ip injection and then by HCl IT instillation.
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine and Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.
authors: Guang-Ju
authors: GJ
authors: Zhou
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Sheng-De
authors: SD
authors: Zhi
authors: Guo-Ping
authors: GP
authors: Jiang
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Mao
authors: M
authors: Zhang
authors: Jian-Xin
authors: JX
authors: Gan
authors: Shao-Wen
authors: SW
authors: Xu
authors: Guan-Yu
authors: GY
authors: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007267:Injections; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014132:Trachea
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D020011:Protective Agents; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid