title: Protective effects of Pycnogenol on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats.
abstract: Oxidative damage is implicated in the pathogenesis of various liver injuries. In the present study the ability of Pycnogenol (PYC) as an antioxidant to protect against CCl4-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats was investigated. Four experimental groups of six rats each were constructed: a vehicle control group received the respective vehicles (distilled water and corn oil) only; a CCl4 group received a 14-day repeated intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of distilled water and then a single oral dose of CCl4 at 1.25 ml/kg; and the CCl4&PYC 10 and CCl4&PYC 20 groups received a 14-day repeated i.p. dose of PYC 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, and then a single oral dose of CCl4 at 1.25 ml/kg. Hepatotoxicity was assessed 24 h after the CCl4 treatment by measurement of serum aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations, and catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities. The results were confirmed histopathologically. The single oral dose of CCl4 produced significantly elevated levels of serum AST and ALT activities. Histopathological examinations showed extensive liver injuries, characterized by extensive hepatocellular degeneration/necrosis, fatty changes, inflammatory cell infiltration, congestion, and sinusoidal dilatation. In addition, an increased MDA concentration and decreased GSH, catalase, SOD, and GST were observed in the hepatic tissues. On the contrary, PYC treatment prior to the administration of CCl4 significantly prevented the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, including the elevation of serum AST and ALT activities and histopathological hepatic lesions, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, MDA and GSH levels and catalase, SOD, and GST activities in hepatic tissues were not affected by administration of CCl4, indicating that the pretreatment of PYC efficiently protects against CCl4-induced oxidative damage in rats. The results indicate that PYC has a protective effect against acute hepatotoxicity induced by the administration of CCl4 in rats, and that the hepatoprotective effects of PYC may be due to both the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the increase of antioxidant activity.
authors: Department of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors: Young-Su
authors: YS
authors: Yang
authors: Tai-Hwan
authors: TH
authors: Ahn
authors: Jong-Chan
authors: JC
authors: Lee
authors: Chang-Jong
authors: CJ
authors: Moon
authors: Sung-Ho
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: Woojin
authors: W
authors: Jun
authors: Seung-Chun
authors: SC
authors: Park
authors: Hyoung-Chin
authors: HC
authors: Kim
authors: Jong-Choon
authors: JC
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D024043:Collagen Type II; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018450:Disease Progression; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D007596:Joints / Q000473:pathology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D024043:Collagen Type II; D016207:Cytokines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D003907:Dexamethasone; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor; D003404:Creatinine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase