title: Serum total sialic acid and Hanganutziu-Deicher antibody in normals and in cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the levels of both TSA and HD antibody in sera of patients with various malignancies and evaluate their potential role as diagnostic and/ or prognostic markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory based analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya Medical Research Institute and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 909 serum samples, 420 from cancer patients recruited at Kenyatta National Hospital and 509 from normal blood donors recruited at Nairobi Hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age for the patients and controls was 36 and 37 years respectively. Carcinoma patients constituted 54%, sarcoma 12.1%, lymphoma 16.4% and 17.4% had other types of tumours. The mean TSA in patients was 0.86 mg/ml +/- 0.026 compared to 0.82 mg/ml +/- 0.014 in controls. The TSA level was significantly higher in patients compared to controls (Student's t-test p = 0.031 at 0.05 confidence level). The TSA increased with age in both study groups. In patient sera, both gender gave the same mean of 0.83 mg/ml while it was 0.82 mg/ml and 0.83 mg/ml in control females and in males respectively. Sarcomas had the highest amount of 0.93 mg/ml but there was no significant statistical variation between tumour types (p = 0.076). The HD antibody mean readings were 0.004 in pathologic sera compared to 0.011 in controls. The values were significantly elevated in patients (p = 0.03) with females giving a higher value for both study groups (p = 0.628). HD antibody readings was significantly higher in carcinomas (p = 0.017) compared to those of sarcomas and lymphomas. There was no association between antibody readings and age of patient (p = 0.601).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both TSA and HD antibody values were significantly elevated in patients compared to clinically healthy controls and while TSA levels increased with age and was independent of gender, HD antibody levels were independent of age, gender and also tumour type. The study demonstrates that although TSA is normally elevated in malignancy, most of the sialic acid shed is of N-acetyl type as some patients do not express HD antibody directed to the N-glycolyl sialic acid. The reason why some tumours would express Neu5Gc at any one time needs further evaluation.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors: E G
authors: EG
authors: Kanduma
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Mukuria
authors: O W
authors: OW
authors: Mwanda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000910:Antibodies, Heterophile / Q000097:blood*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D000910:Antibodies, Heterophile; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid