Early thimerosal exposure and neuropsychological outcomes at 7 to 10 years.
BACKGROUND
It has been hypothesized that early exposure to thimerosal, a mercury-containing preservative used in vaccines and immune globulin preparations, is associated with neuropsychological deficits in children.


METHODS
We enrolled 1047 children between the ages of 7 and 10 years and administered standardized tests assessing 42 neuropsychological outcomes. (We did not assess autism-spectrum disorders.) Exposure to mercury from thimerosal was determined from computerized immunization records, medical records, personal immunization records, and parent interviews. Information on potential confounding factors was obtained from the interviews and medical charts. We assessed the association between current neuropsychological performance and exposure to mercury during the prenatal period, the neonatal period (birth to 28 days), and the first 7 months of life.


RESULTS
Among the 42 neuropsychological outcomes, we detected only a few significant associations with exposure to mercury from thimerosal. The detected associations were small and almost equally divided between positive and negative effects. Higher prenatal mercury exposure was associated with better performance on one measure of language and poorer performance on one measure of attention and executive functioning. Increasing levels of mercury exposure from birth to 7 months were associated with better performance on one measure of fine motor coordination and on one measure of attention and executive functioning. Increasing mercury exposure from birth to 28 days was associated with poorer performance on one measure of speech articulation and better performance on one measure of fine motor coordination.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study does not support a causal association between early exposure to mercury from thimerosal-containing vaccines and immune globulins and deficits in neuropsychological functioning at the age of 7 to 10 years.
Thompson
William W
WW
National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. wct2@cdc.gov
Price
Cristofer
C
Goodson
Barbara
B
Shay
David K
DK
Benson
Patti
P
Hinrichsen
Virginia L
VL
Lewis
Edwin
E
Eriksen
Eileen
E
Ray
Paula
P
Marcy
S Michael
SM
Dunn
John
J
Jackson
Lisa A
LA
Lieu
Tracy A
TA
Black
Steve
S
Stewart
Gerrie
G
Weintraub
Eric S
ES
Davis
Robert L
RL
DeStefano
Frank
F
D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D005035:Ethylmercury Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007360:Intelligence / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013849:Thimerosal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry
D005035:Ethylmercury Compounds; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; D014612:Vaccines; D013849:Thimerosal