title: Vaginal twin delivery: a survey and review of location, anesthesia coverage and interventions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Twin pregnancies are associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. No consensus exists whether vaginal twin delivery should take place in the labor room or operating room, or whether anesthesiologists should be present. We surveyed members of the California Society of Anesthesiologists (CSA) to review management of vaginal twin delivery, and examined anesthetic intervention retrospectively at our institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  230 CSA members were asked to complete an online survey on location of vaginal twin delivery in their institution and whether they were required to be present throughout. We then retrospectively reviewed charts of vaginal twin deliveries at our institution over a 36-month period to analyze frequency and type of anesthetic intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The online survey response rate was 58%; 64% of responders reported that vaginal twin deliveries were performed in the operating room and 55% that an anesthesiologist was present. There was a strong association between anesthesiologist's presence and delivery in the operating room (OR 7; 95% CI 3-20). We reviewed 81 charts of women who underwent vaginal twin delivery. The median (range) time that the anesthesiologist was present for each delivery was 60 (20-380) min. Of women undergoing vaginal twin delivery, 27% required anesthetic intervention during the second stage of labor with 6% having emergency cesarean delivery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a lack of consensus regarding the appropriate location for vaginal twin delivery and the role of anesthesiologists. A significant percentage of women undergoing vaginal twin delivery in our institution received anesthetic intervention in the immediate delivery period.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. bcarvalho@stanford.edu
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Carvalho
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Saxena
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Butwick
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Macario
mesh_terms: D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D000776:Anesthesiology; D002140:California; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009774:Obstetrics; D009873:Operating Rooms; D010819:Physician's Role; D011247:Pregnancy; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014427:Twins