title: Nyctalopin expression in retinal bipolar cells restores visual function in a mouse model of complete X-linked congenital stationary night blindness.
abstract: Mutations in the NYX gene that encodes the protein nyctalopin cause congenital stationary night blindness type 1. In no b-wave (nob) mice, a mutation in Nyx results in a functional phenotype that includes the absence of the electroretinogram b-wave and abnormal spontaneous and light-evoked activity in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). In contrast, there is no morphological abnormality in the retina at either the light or electron microscopic levels. These functional deficits suggest that nyctalopin is required for normal synaptic transmission between retinal photoreceptors and depolarizing bipolar cells (DBCs). However, the synaptic etiology and, specifically, the exact location and function of nyctalopin, remain uncertain. We show that nob DBCs fail to respond to exogenous application of the photoreceptor neurotransmitter, glutamate, thus demonstrating a postsynaptic deficit in photoreceptor to bipolar cell communication. To determine if postsynaptic expression of nyctalopin is necessary and sufficient to rescue the nob phenotype, we constructed transgenic mice that expressed an EYFP-nyctalopin fusion protein on the dendritic tips of the DBCs. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies verified that fusion protein expression was limited to the DBC dendritic tips. Fusion gene expression in nob mice restored normal outer and inner visual function as determined by the electroretinogram and RGC spontaneous and evoked responses. Together, our data show that nyctalopin expression on DBC dendrites is required for normal function of the murine retina.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA. ron.gregg@louisville.edu
authors: Ronald G
authors: RG
authors: Gregg
authors: Maarten
authors: M
authors: Kamermans
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Klooster
authors: Peter D
authors: PD
authors: Lukasiewicz
authors: Neal S
authors: NS
authors: Peachey
authors: Kirstan A
authors: KA
authors: Vessey
authors: Maureen A
authors: MA
authors: McCall
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000221:Adaptation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; D000818:Animals; D064026:Calbindins; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000379:methods; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron / Q000379:methods; D009755:Night Blindness / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000378:metabolism; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology*; D051245:Retinal Bipolar Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G / Q000378:metabolism; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D064026:Calbindins; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; C416505:NYX protein, human; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011509:Proteoglycans; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; C113897:metabotropic glutamate receptor 6; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; C111341:Ctbp2 protein, mouse