title: Intravitreal clindamycin for toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report outcomes of off-label use of intravitreal clindamycin in the treatment of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a noncomparative, retrospective, interventional case series, we reviewed the charts of six consecutive patients with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis who were treated with intravitreal injection of clindamycin (1.0 mg/0.1 mL) because of intolerance to or disease progression despite oral microbial treatment. The primary outcome measures were change in Snellen visual acuity, resolution of inflammation, and adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Injection of intravitreal clindamycin was associated with control of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis and resolution of vitreous inflammation in all six patients. Five patients had improvement in visual acuity. One patient's vision was limited because of macular scarring. Four patients underwent concomitant pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) at the time of injection. One patient who had concomitant clindamycin injection and PPV developed a retinal detachment postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravitreal clindamycin injection, alone or in conjunction with PPV, was associated with resolution of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in six patients.
authors: Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Sobrin
authors: Leila I
authors: LI
authors: Kump
authors: C Stephen
authors: CS
authors: Foster
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002825:Chorioretinitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014126:Toxoplasmosis, Ocular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002981:Clindamycin