Gene expression profiling of nonhuman primates exposed to aerosolized Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.
Host responses to Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV) were studied in cynomolgus macaques after aerosol exposure to the epizootic virus. Changes in global gene expression were assessed for the brain, lungs, and spleen. In the brain, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I transcripts were induced, while the expression of S100b, a factor associated with brain injury, was inhibited, as was expression of the encephalitogenic gene MOG. Cytokine-mediated signals were affected by infection, including those involving IFN-mediated antiviral activity (IRF-7, OAS, and Mx transcripts), and the increased transcription of caspases. Induction of a few immunologically relevant genes (e.g. IFITM1 and STAT1) was common to all tested tissues. Herein, both tissue-specific and nontissue specific transcriptional changes in response to VEEV are described, including induction of IFN-regulated transcripts and cytokine-induced apoptotic factors, in addition to cellular factors in the brain that may be descriptive of the health status of the brain during the infectious process. Altogether, this work provides novel information on common and tissue-specific host responses against VEEV in a nonhuman primate model of aerosol exposure.
Koterski
James
J
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702-9211, USA.
Twenhafel
Nancy
N
Porter
Aimee
A
Reed
Douglas S
DS
Martino-Catt
Susan
S
Sobral
Bruno
B
Crasta
Oswald
O
Downey
Thomas
T
DaSilva
Luis
L
D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D020169:Caspases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004666:Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / Q000276:immunology*; D004685:Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000096:biosynthesis; D050839:Interferon Regulatory Factor-7 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D009185:Myelin Proteins; D018992:Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology
D000336:Aerosols; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D050839:Interferon Regulatory Factor-7; D009185:Myelin Proteins; D018992:Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D020169:Caspases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins