title: Activation of multiple signaling pathways is critical for fibroblast growth factor 2- and vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated ovine fetoplacental endothelial cell proliferation.
abstract: Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are two key regulators of placental angiogenesis. The potent vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) could also act as a key mediator of FGF2- and VEGF-induced angiogenesis. However, the postreceptor signaling pathways governing these FGF2- and VEGF-induced placental angiogenic responses are poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the role of endogenous NO, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/1 (MAPK3/1), and v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT1) in FGF2- and VEGF-stimulated proliferation of ovine fetoplacental endothelial (OFPAE) cells. Both FGF2 and VEGF time-dependently stimulated (P < 0.05) NO production and activated AKT1. Both FGF2- and VEGF-stimulated cell proliferation was dose-dependently inhibited (P < 0.05) by N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA; an NO synthase inhibitor), PD98059 (a selective MAPK3/1 kinase 1 and 2 [MAP2K1/2] inhibitor), or LY294002 (a selective phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase [PI3K] inhibitor) but not by phenyl-4,4,5,5 tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide (PTIO, a potent extracellular NO scavenger). At the maximal inhibitory dose without cytotoxicity, PD98059 and LY294002 completely inhibited VEGF-induced cell proliferation but only partially attenuated (P < 0.05) FGF2-induced cell proliferation. PD98059 and LY294002 also inhibited (P < 0.05) FGF2- and VEGF-induced phosphorylation of MAPK3/1 and AKT1, respectively. L-NMMA did not significantly affect FGF2- and VEGF-induced phosphorylation of either MAPK3/1 or AKT1. Thus, in OFPAE cells, both FGF2- and VEGF-stimulated cell proliferation is partly mediated via NO as an intracellular and downstream signal of MAPK3/1 and AKT1 activation. Moreover, activation of both MAP2K1/2/MAPK3/1 and PI3K/AKT1 pathways is critical for FGF2-stimulated cell proliferation, whereas activation of either one pathway is sufficient for mediating the VEGF-induced maximal cell proliferation, indicating that these two kinase pathways differentially mediate the FGF2- and VEGF-stimulated OFPAE cell proliferation.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Perinatal Research Laboratories, PAB1 Meriter Hospital, Madison, WI 53715, USA. jzheng@wisc.edu
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Zheng
authors: Yunxia
authors: Y
authors: Wen
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Song
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Wang
authors: Dong-Bao
authors: DB
authors: Chen
authors: Ronald R
authors: RR
authors: Magness
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005333:Fetus / Q000166:cytology*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010920:Placenta / Q000166:cytology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D012756:Sheep; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D009025:Morpholines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; C079391:2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one