title: Paradoxical DNA repair and peroxide resistance gene conservation in Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bacillus spores are notoriously resistant to unfavorable conditions such as UV radiation, gamma-radiation, H2O2, desiccation, chemical disinfection, or starvation. Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 survives standard decontamination procedures of the Jet Propulsion Lab spacecraft assembly facility, and both spores and vegetative cells of this strain exhibit elevated resistance to UV radiation and H2O2 compared to other Bacillus species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The genome of B. pumilus SAFR-032 was sequenced and annotated. Lists of genes relevant to DNA repair and the oxidative stress response were generated and compared to B. subtilis and B. licheniformis. Differences in conservation of genes, gene order, and protein sequences are highlighted because they potentially explain the extreme resistance phenotype of B. pumilus. The B. pumilus genome includes genes not found in B. subtilis or B. licheniformis and conserved genes with sequence divergence, but paradoxically lacks several genes that function in UV or H2O2 resistance in other Bacillus species.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study identifies several candidate genes for further research into UV and H2O2 resistance. These findings will help explain the resistance of B. pumilus and are applicable to understanding sterilization survival strategies of microbes.
authors: Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors: Jason
authors: J
authors: Gioia
authors: Shailaja
authors: S
authors: Yerrapragada
authors: Xiang
authors: X
authors: Qin
authors: Huaiyang
authors: H
authors: Jiang
authors: Okezie C
authors: OC
authors: Igboeli
authors: Donna
authors: D
authors: Muzny
authors: Shannon
authors: S
authors: Dugan-Rocha
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Ding
authors: Alicia
authors: A
authors: Hawes
authors: Wen
authors: W
authors: Liu
authors: Lesette
authors: L
authors: Perez
authors: Christie
authors: C
authors: Kovar
authors: Huyen
authors: H
authors: Dinh
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Lee
authors: Lynne
authors: L
authors: Nazareth
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Blyth
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Holder
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Buhay
authors: Madhan R
authors: MR
authors: Tirumalai
authors: Yamei
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Indrani
authors: I
authors: Dasgupta
authors: Lina
authors: L
authors: Bokhetache
authors: Masaya
authors: M
authors: Fujita
authors: Fathi
authors: F
authors: Karouia
authors: Prahathees
authors: P
authors: Eswara Moorthy
authors: Johnathan
authors: J
authors: Siefert
authors: Akif
authors: A
authors: Uzman
authors: Prince
authors: P
authors: Buzumbo
authors: Avani
authors: A
authors: Verma
authors: Hiba
authors: H
authors: Zwiya
authors: Brian D
authors: BD
authors: McWilliams
authors: Adeloa
authors: A
authors: Olowu
authors: Kenneth D
authors: KD
authors: Clinkenbeard
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Newcombe
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Golebiewski
authors: Joseph F
authors: JF
authors: Petrosino
authors: Wayne L
authors: WL
authors: Nicholson
authors: George E
authors: GE
authors: Fox
authors: Kasthuri
authors: K
authors: Venkateswaran
authors: Sarah K
authors: SK
authors: Highlander
authors: George M
authors: GM
authors: Weinstock
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004260:DNA Repair; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D005720:Gamma Rays; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide