title: Physiological and biochemical effects of lithium in rainbow trout.
abstract: The physiological responses of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to lithium (as LiCl) in moderately hard freshwater (CaCO(3) = 120-140 ppm, Na(+) = approximately 0.6 mM) were studied. The study employed a 15-day step-up exposure regime; 66 microg/L Li for the first 9 days and 528 microg/L for the next 6 days. The concentrations of plasma ions, apolipoprotein AI, total cholesterol, and fatty acids, as well as metabolic enzyme citrate synthase (CS) and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activities in the gill were measured. Li affected fish by exacerbated diffusive Na(+) losses at the gills in the beginning of exposure and a decrease of branchial CS activity. Detrimental effects were shown in fish exposed to 528 microg Li/L. These included a reduction of gill Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity, possibly related to observed lower concentrations of free fatty acids and cholesterol in gill tissue.
authors: Department of Biology, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland. vikat@cc.joensuu.fi
authors: Victoria
authors: V
authors: Tkatcheva
authors: Natasha M
authors: NM
authors: Franklin
authors: Grant B
authors: GB
authors: McClelland
authors: Richard W
authors: RW
authors: Smith
authors: Ismo J
authors: IJ
authors: Holopainen
authors: Chris M
authors: CM
authors: Wood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D008094:Lithium / Q000633:toxicity*; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000502:physiology*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002784:Cholesterol; D008094:Lithium; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase