title: The Portuguese version of the Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia Scale: validation study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia Scale was designed to assess severity and treatment response in subjects with schizophrenia involved in naturalistic studies and daily clinical practice. The objective of this study is to validate the Portuguese version of the Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia Scale in Brazil by assessing its psychometric properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional validation study of the Portuguese version of the Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia Scale, tested in outpatients and inpatients with schizophrenia (DSM-IV, ICD-10) from 6 centers in Brazil. Concurrent validity and sensitivity to change were assessed by comparison with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, which is considered the gold standard tool to evaluate patients with schizophrenia. Interrater reliability was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) calculated based on the scoring of two concomitant raters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  70 inpatients and 70 outpatients were evaluated. Total Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia Scale and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores were highly correlated (r=0.79; p<0.01). Positive (r=0.86), negative (r=0.79), depressive (r=0.66) and cognitive (r=0.75) symptoms subscale scores were also correlated between both scales (p<0.01). Sensitivity to change was significantly correlated between the Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia Scale and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (r=0.73; p<0.01). Interrater reliability was substantial for positive symptoms and total scores of the Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia Scale (ICC=0.81 and 0.73), and moderate for negative, depressive, and cognitive symptoms score (0.64, 0.67 and 0.63, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Brazilian version of the Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of severity and treatment response in schizophrenic inpatient and outpatients.
authors: Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, and Hospital Espírita de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Maurício Silva de
authors: MS
authors: Lima
authors: Bernardo Garcia de Oliveira
authors: BG
authors: Soares
authors: Gilda
authors: G
authors: Paoliello
authors: Rodrigo
authors: R
authors: Machado Vieira
authors: Cláudio Meneghello
authors: CM
authors: Martins
authors: Joaquim Ignácio da
authors: JI
authors: Mota Neto
authors: Ygor
authors: Y
authors: Ferrão
authors: Douglas Allen
authors: DA
authors: Schirmer
authors: Fernando Madalena
authors: FM
authors: Volpe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014177:Translations