title: Accuracy of ventriculostomy catheter placement using a head- and hand-tracked high-resolution virtual reality simulator with haptic feedback.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of ventriculostomy catheter placement on a head- and hand-tracked high-resolution and high-performance virtual reality and haptic technology workstation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-eight fellows and residents performed simulated ventriculostomy catheter placement on an ImmersiveTouch system. The virtual catheter was placed into a virtual patient's head derived from a computed tomography data set. Participants were allowed one attempt each. The distance from the tip of the catheter to the Monro foramen was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean distance (+/- standard deviation) from the final position of the catheter tip to the Monro foramen was 16.09 mm (+/- 7.85 mm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The accuracy of virtual ventriculostomy catheter placement achieved by participants using the simulator is comparable to the accuracy reported in a recent retrospective evaluation of free-hand ventriculostomy placements in which the mean distance from the catheter tip to the Monro foramen was 16 mm (+/- 9.6 mm).
authors: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago 60607, USA. banerjee@uic.edu
authors: P Pat
authors: PP
authors: Banerjee
authors: Cristian J
authors: CJ
authors: Luciano
authors: G Michael
authors: GM
authors: Lemole
authors: Fady T
authors: FT
authors: Charbel
authors: Michael Y
authors: MY
authors: Oh
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005246:Feedback; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D038361:Neuronavigation / Q000193:education*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014696:Ventriculostomy / Q000193:education*