title: The use of intraoperative three-dimensional imaging (ISO-C-3D) in fixation of intraarticular fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to analyse the applicability and advantages of the intraoperative use of a mobile isocentric C-arm with three-dimensional imaging (Siremobil ISO-C-3D) in fixation of intraarticular fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  After the fixation was judged to be satisfactory relying on the images provided by routine fluoroscopy, intraoperative CT visualisation with ISO-C-3D was performed to evaluate the fracture reduction and implant position. Intraoperative revision was performed based on the additional information ISO-C-3D provided beyond routine fluoroscopy. ISO-C-3D was used on a series of 72 closed-intraarticular fractures in 70 patients. Fracture distribution was: calcaneus (25), tibial plateau (17), tibial plafond (12), acetabulum (11), distal radius (3), ankle Weber-C (3) and femoral head (l). The primary outcome measure was revision rate after final ISO-C-3D data acquisition and prior to wound closure. Secondary objectives were to measure the additional time required for ISO-C-3D use and to determine the rate of further re-do surgeries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight out of 72 (11%) fracture fixations were judged by the surgeon to require intraoperative revision following ISO-C-3D imaging. Prior to leaving the operating room, the surgeon was satisfied with fracture alignment in all the procedures. The mean additional operative time using ISO-C-3D was 7.5 min (8.2% of the mean total operative time). No patient required re-do surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : Intraoperative three-dimensional visualisation of intraarticular fractures enables the surgeon to identify inadvertent malreductions or implant malpositions which may be overlooked by routine C-arm fluoroscopy and hence may eliminate the need for re-do procedures. ISO-C-3D adds little operative time and may preclude the need for pre-operative and post-operative CT-scans in selected cases.
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. dratesok@yahoo.com
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Atesok
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Finkelstein
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Khoury
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Peyser
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Weil
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Liebergall
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Mosheiff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed