Predictors of Papanicolaou testing in working women in Bangkok, Thailand.
Cervical cancer is the leading cause of death among women in Thailand. A significant number of Thai women have never received cervical cancer screening. This study examined the perceived susceptibility, benefits, and barriers that influence Papanicolaou testing and examined the relationships between socioeconomic factors and obtaining a Papanicolaou test among women working in 1 government agency and 3 private sector companies in Bangkok, Thailand. The Health Belief Model was used to guide the cross-sectional design of the study. The Susceptibility, Benefits, and Barriers Scale was mailed to 300 working women. The response rate to the survey was 63% (N = 189). Logistic regression analysis showed that perceived barriers were significant predictors of Papanicolaou testing (beta = -.13, P < .001). Women who reported barriers were significantly less likely to obtain a Papanicolaou test (odds ratio, 0.88; P < .001). The specific barriers to engaging in Papanicolaou testing were embarrassment, fear, time constraints, knowledge deficits, and cost. Marital status, age, education, and family income were other factors related to Papanicolaou testing. Findings suggest that screening rates may be improved by addressing a combination of research, health policy, and cultural factors in these women through a nationwide campaign.
Boonpongmanee
Chayanin
C
Intercollegiate College of Nursing, Washington State University Tri-Cities, Richland, Wash 99352-1671, USA. aoybon@yahoo.com
Jittanoon
Piyanuch
P
D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013785:Thailand; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014931:Women, Working