title: Minimally invasive plating osteosynthesis (MIPO) of middle and distal third humeral shaft fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical, radiographic, and functional outcomes of middle and distal third humeral shaft fractures treated with the minimally invasive percutaneous osteosynthesis (MIPO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, single-center, nonconsecutive clinical series study.
  
  
  METHODS
  : Skeletal trauma center of a university teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen patients who were seen from May 2004 to October 2005 with an average age of 38.1 years (range, 25 to 60 years) form the basis of this study. Patients were obtained from a surgical database of 1 surgeon.
  
  
  METHODS
  The middle and the distal third humeral shaft fractures were reduced by closed means and fixed with long narrow 4.5-mm dynamic compression plates introduced through 2 small incisions away from the fracture sites and placed on the anterior aspect of the humerus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Time to fracture healing and functional assessments were assessed at an average follow-up of 12.5 months (range, 7 to 19 months) for the affected shoulders and elbows using the UCLA and Mayo elbow performance scoring systems, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All fractures united with a mean healing time of 16.2 weeks (range, 12 to 32 years). There were no nonunions, radial nerve palsies, or implant failures. The UCLA scoring system showed excellent results in 7 cases (53.8%) and good results in 6 cases (46.2%). Thirteen patients had excellent results of their elbow function when assessed with the Mayo elbow performance scoring system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Closed reduction and internal fixation of middle or distal third humeral shaft fractures using MIPO is a safe and effective surgical treatment method and an alternative option to open techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated No. 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China. anzhiquan@126.com
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhiquan
authors.forename: Zeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bingfang
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yeming
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Huang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peiyan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001860:Bone Plates; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011826:Radial Nerve / Q000293:injuries; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome