title: The Heart and APS.
abstract: The heart is a target organ in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Endocardial disease, intracardiac thrombosis, myocardial involvement including coronary heart disease and microvascular thrombosis, as well as pulmonary hypertension have all been described in APS patients. Valvular involvement is the most common manifestation with a prevalence of 82% detected by transesophageal echocardiography. Symmetrical, nodular thickening of the mitral and/or aortic valves is characteristic. Anticoagulant/antiplatelet treatment is ineffective in terms of valvular lesion regression. Some patients require cardiac valve replacement. However, patients with APS have shown an increased perioperative morbidity and mortality. Intracardiac thrombosis, although a rare complication, can cause pulmonary and systemic emboli. Differential diagnosis with myxoma may be very difficult.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juan Badiano # 1 Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico. marycarmenamigo@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mary-Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Amigo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000276:immunology; D009232:Myxoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D011247:Pregnancy; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid