title: WISE-2005: adrenergic responses of women following 56-days, 6 degrees head-down bed rest with or without exercise countermeasures.
abstract: We tested the hypotheses that women completing 56 days, 6 degrees head-down bed-rest (HDBR) would have changes in sensitivity of cardiovascular responses to adrenergic receptor stimulation and that frequent aerobic and resistive exercise would prevent these changes. Twenty-four women, eight controls, eight exercisers (lower body negative pressure treadmill and flywheel resistance exercise), and eight receiving nutritional supplement but no exercise were studied in baseline and during administration of the beta-agonist isoproterenol (ISO) and the alpha- and beta-agonist norepinephrine (NOR). In the control and nutrition groups, HDBR increased heart rate (HR) and reduced stroke volume (SV), and there was a significantly greater increase in HR with ISO after HDBR. In contrast, the HR and SV of the exercise group were unchanged from pre-HDBR. After HDBR, leg vascular resistance (LVR) was greater than pre-HDBR in the exercise group but reduced in control and nutrition. LVR was reduced with ISO and increased with NOR. Changes in total peripheral resistance were similar to those of LVR but of smaller magnitude, perhaps because changes in cerebrovascular resistance index were directionally opposite to those of LVR. There were no changes in sensitivity of the vascular resistance responses to adrenergic stimulation. The HR response might reflect a change in sensitivity or a necessary response to the reduction in SV after HDBR in control and nutrition groups. The reduced peripheral vascular resistance after HDBR might help to explain orthostatic intolerance in women. Exercise was an effective countermeasure to the HDBR effects.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Rm. 3116, Burt Matthews Hall, Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Edgell
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Zuj
authors.forename: Danielle K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Greaves
authors.forename: J Kevin
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Shoemaker
authors.forename: Marc-Antoine
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Custaud
authors.forename: Pascaline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kerbeci
authors.forename: Phillipe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arbeille
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hughson
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D001510:Bed Rest / Q000379:methods*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D018475:Head-Down Tilt / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic / Q000378:metabolism*; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology*; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic; D009638:Norepinephrine