title: The artificial bowel sphincter for faecal incontinence: a single centre study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Faecal incontinence (FI) is a socially devastating problem. The treatment algorithm depends on the aetiology of the problem. Large anal sphincter defects can be treated by sphincter replacement procedures: the dynamic graciloplasty and the artificial bowel sphincter (ABS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were included between 1997 and 2006. A full preoperative workup was mandatory for all patients. During the follow-up, the Williams incontinence score was used to classify the symptoms, and anal manometry was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four patients (25 women) were included, of which, 33 patients received an ABS. The mean follow-up was 17.4 (0.8-106.3) months. The Williams score improved significantly after placement of the ABS (p<0.0001). The postoperative anal resting pressure with an empty cuff was not altered (p=0.89). The postoperative ABS pressure was significantly higher then the baseline squeeze pressure (p=0.003). Seven patients had an infection necessitating explantation. One patient was successfully reimplanted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The artificial bowel sphincter is an effective treatment for FI in patients with a large anal sphincter defect. Infectious complications are the largest threat necessitating explantation of the device.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht, P. Debyelaan 25, Postbus 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jarno
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melenhorst
authors.forename: Sacha M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Wim G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: van Gemert
authors.forename: Cor G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Baeten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001187:Artificial Organs / Q000009:adverse effects; D020878:Device Removal; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult