title: Analysis of breast cancer progression using principal component analysis and clustering.
abstract: We develop a new technique to analyse microarray data which uses a combination of principal components analysis and consensus ensemble k-clustering to find robust clusters and gene markers in the data. We apply our method to a public microarray breast cancer dataset which has expression levels of genes in normal samples as well as in three pathological stages of disease; namely, atypical ductal hyperplasia or ADH, ductal carcinoma in situ or DCIS and invasive ductal carcinoma or IDC. Our method averages over clustering techniques and data perturbation to find stable, robust clusters and gene markers. We identify the clusters and their pathways with distinct subtypes of breast cancer (Luminal,Basal and Her2+). We confirm that the cancer phenotype develops early (in early hyperplasia or ADH stage) and find from our analysis that each subtype progresses from ADH to DCIS to IDC along its own specific pathway, as if each was a distinct disease.
authors.affiliation: The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alexe
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Dalgin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganesan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delisi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bhanot
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor