title: Dermal fillers for facial soft tissue augmentation.
abstract: Nowadays, patients are demanding not only enhancement to their dental (micro) esthetics, but also their overall facial (macro) esthetics. Soft tissue augmentation via dermal filling agents may be used to correct facial defects such as wrinkles caused by age, gravity, and trauma; thin lips; asymmetrical facial appearances; buccal fold depressions; and others. This article will review the pathogenesis of facial wrinkles, history, techniques, materials, complications, and clinical controversies regarding dermal fillers for soft tissue augmentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Sarosh F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Dastoor
authors.forename: Carl E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Misch
authors.forename: Hom-Lay
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003094:Collagen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; D017886:Durapatite / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004954:Esthetics; D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000637:transplantation; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D008046:Lip / Q000601:surgery; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012060:Rejuvenation; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D003094:Collagen; D017886:Durapatite