title: Effects of robot-aided bilateral force-induced isokinetic arm training combined with conventional rehabilitation on arm motor function in patients with chronic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the effects of conventional rehabilitation combined with bilateral force-induced isokinetic arm movement training on paretic upper-limb motor recovery in patients with chronic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-cohort, pre- and postretention design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rehabilitation department at a medical university.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty subjects who had unilateral strokes at least 6 months before enrolling in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A training program (40min/session, 3 sessions/wk for 8wk) consisting of 10 minutes of conventional rehabilitation and 30 minutes of robot-aided, bilateral force-induced, isokinetic arm movement training to improve paretic upper-limb motor function.
  
  
  METHODS
  The interval of pretest, post-test, and retention test was set at 8 weeks. Clinical arm motor function (Fugl-Meyer Assessment [FMA], upper-limb motor function, Frenchay Arm Test, Modified Ashworth Scale), paretic upper-limb strength (grip strength, arm push and pull strength), and reaching kinematics analysis (peak velocity, percentage of time to peak velocity, movement time, normalized jerk score) were used as outcome measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After comparing the sets of scores, we found that the post-test and retention test in arm motor function significantly improved in terms of grip (P=.009), push (P=.001), and pull (P=.001) strengths, and FMA upper-limb scale (P<.001). Reaching kinematics significantly improved in terms of movement time (P=.015), peak velocity (P=.035), percentage of time to peak velocity (P=.004), and normalized jerk score (P=.008). Improvement in reaching ability was not sustained in the retention test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary results showed that conventional rehabilitation combined with robot-aided, bilateral force-induced, isokinetic arm training might enhance the recovery of strength and motor control ability in the paretic upper limb of patients with chronic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jyh-Jong
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Wen-Lin
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: Wen-Lan
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Mao-Hsiung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Fong-Chin
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015915:Motion Therapy, Continuous Passive; D053580:Muscle Strength; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012371:Robotics; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*