title: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in early cutaneous melanocytic lesion progression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A considerable body of evidence supports the concept that a significant number of cutaneous malignant melanomas progress through a precursor lesion or dysplastic melanocytic nevi (DN). Tumor angiogenesis likely plays a critical role in early development of melanoma, and intermediate biomarkers of angiogenesis could be useful as chemoprevention and prognostic markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Markers of angiogenesis that included expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and microvessel density counts (MVD) were evaluated in 13 prospectively collected benign nevi (BN) and 19 DN from 16 individuals and in a comparison group of 17 primary melanomas (16 archival samples and 1 prospective melanoma).
  
  
  RESULTS
  VEGF expression in melanocytic cells (mean+/-standard error [SE]) was low or absent in BN (3.4+/-1.4), increased significantly in DN (41.0+/-10.1; P=.0003 for BN vs DN), and increased further in primary melanoma (119.9+/-28.3; P = .06 for DN vs melanoma). MVD using CD31 (mean+/-SE [percentage x intensity]) followed a similar pattern with similarity between BN (2.6+/-0.7; N=13) and DN (2.2+/-0.8; N=19; P=.4 for BN vs DN), whereas primary melanomas were significantly higher (39.4+/-6.4; N=17; P=.0001 for BN or DN vs melanoma).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a prospective setting, the current data suggested that increased VEGF-A expression in DN may be a good indicator of preneoplastic change in melanocytic lesions with the potential for improving the understanding and prevention of the transformation of DN to melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA. jeinspahr@azcc.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Janine G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Einspahr
authors.forename: Tracy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Kathylynn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saboda
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Nickolof
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warneke
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Curiel-Lewandrowski
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ranger-Moore
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duckett
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bangert
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Fruehauf
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Alberts
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018450:Disease Progression; D004416:Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D009506:Nevus / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A