title: Validity and reproducibility of morphologic analysis of nasal secretions obtained using ultrasonic nebulization of hypertonic solution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Collection of nasal secretions is important for the evaluation of upper airways inflammation in many nasal disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the validity and reproducibility of nasal secretion cellularity induced by nebulization of hypertonic solution in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), patients with nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES), and control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight individuals (29 with AR [mean +/- SD age, 33.3 +/- 16.9 years], 23 with NARES [mean +/- SD age, 46.4 +/- 16.6 years], and 16 controls [mean +/- SD age, 42.1 +/- 15.1 years]) underwent ultrasonic nebulization of hypertonic (4.5%) saline solution on 2 different occasions to study the validity and reproducibility of total and differential cell counts of nasal secretions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean +/- SD percentage of eosinophils was significantly higher in samples from patients with AR (20.8% +/- 23.1%) and NARES (18.7% +/- 22.8%) than in samples from controls (0.6% +/- 0.6%; P < .001 for both). There was a significant correlation between 2 samples of nasal secretions obtained on 2 different occasions for percentages of macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, and epithelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analysis of nasal secretions obtained using ultrasonic nebulization of hypertonic solution can distinguish patients with AR and NARES from controls. The reproducibility of this technique is good for macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, and epithelial cells. This method could be used to detect nasal airway inflammation in clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Toungoussova
authors.forename: Maria P Foschino
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Barbaro
authors.forename: Onofrio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Resta
authors.forename: Giovanna E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Carpagnano
authors.forename: Silvano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dragonieri
authors.forename: Giovanni B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Migliori
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spanevello
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002452:Cell Count; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000473:pathology; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000473:pathology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017817:Nasal Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology*; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000473:pathology; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000473:pathology; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic