title: Hydrodynamic vaccination with DNA encoding an immunologically privileged retinal antigen protects from autoimmunity through induction of regulatory T cells.
abstract: The eye is an immunologically privileged organ whose Ags serve as targets for experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), a model for human uveitis. We used a hydrodynamic i.v. injection of naked DNA to express the uveitogenic retinal Ag interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) in the periphery, thus revoking its immune-privileged status. IRBP was expressed in the liver within hours of administration of as little as 10 microg of IRBP-DNA. Vaccinated mice were highly protected from EAU induced by immunization with IRBP for at least 10 wk after vaccination. Protection was partial in a reversal protocol. Mechanistic studies revealed specific hyporesponsiveness to IRBP without immune deviation, no evidence for apoptosis either by the Fas- or Bcl-2-regulated (mitochondrial) pathway and apparent lack of dependence on CD8(+) cells, IL-10, or TGF-beta. In contrast, depletion of CD25(+) cells after vaccination and before challenge markedly abrogated protection. IRBP-specific CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells could be cultured from vaccinated mice and transferred protection to unvaccinated, EAU-challenged recipients. In vitro characterization of these cells revealed that they are Ag specific, anergic, express FoxP3, CTLA-4, and glucocorticoid-induced TNFR, and suppress by contact. Thus, expression of IRBP in the periphery by DNA vaccination results in tolerance that acts at least in part through induction of IRBP-specific, FoxP3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. DNA vaccination may offer a new approach to Ag-specific therapy of uveitis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20892-1857, USA.
authors.forename: Phyllis B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: Rajeev K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Shao-Bo
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Suffia
authors.forename: Rafael S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Grajewski
authors.forename: Dror
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luger
authors.forename: Chi-Chao
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Rashid M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Mahdi
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nickerson
authors.forename: Rachel R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Caspi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007277:Injections, Jet; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D014605:Uveitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000099214:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Interstitial
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D000099214:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Interstitial