title: Lung scintigraphy with nonspecific human immunoglobulin G ((99m)Tc-HIG) in the evaluation of pulmonary involvement in connective tissue diseases: correlation with pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD), the early detection and evaluation of the severity of the pulmonary involvement is mandatory. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are considered to be valuable noninvasive diagnostic modalities. Radiopharmaceuticals have also been used for this purpose. Our aim was the evaluation of technetium-labeled human polyclonal immunoglobulin G (HIG) lung scintigraphy in the early detection and assessment of the severity of the pulmonary involvement in CTD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two nonsmoking CTD patients were studied by PFTs, HRCT, and HIG. According to PFTs, patients were divided in group A (impaired PFTs-abnormal pulmonary function) and group B (normal pulmonary function). Semiquantitative analysis was done on HIG and HRCT and corresponding scores were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant difference was found between HIG scores in the two groups (0.6 +/- 0.07 vs 0.51 +/- 0.08, P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between HIG scores and PFTs results and a positive correlation between HIG and HRCT scores. HIG demonstrated similar clinical performance to HRCT. At the best cut-off levels of their score (0.56 and 7, respectively), HIG had a superior sensitivity (77.5 vs 57.5%) with lower specificity (75 vs 91.7%). The combination of the two methods increased the sensitivity of abnormal findings at the expense of specificity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIG scintigraphy can be used in the early detection and evaluation of the severity of the pulmonary involvement in CTD, whereas, when used in combination with HRCT, the detection of affected patients can be further improved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Ch
authors.initials: Ch
authors.lastname: Kostopoulos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koutsikos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toubanakis
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moulopoulos
authors.forename: Ch
authors.initials: Ch
authors.lastname: Mamoulakis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gialafos
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Sfikakis
authors.forename: Ch
authors.initials: Ch
authors.lastname: Zerva
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mavrikakis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leondi
mesh_terms: D003240:Connective Tissue Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013667:Technetium; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007136:Immunoglobulins; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C065376:technetium Tc 99m immunoglobulin; D013667:Technetium