title: Treatment of proximal interphalangeal dorsal fracture-dislocation injuries with dynamic external fixation: a pins and rubber band system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Unstable, dorsal, intra-articular, fracture-dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint can be difficult to treat and often lead to long-term pain, stiffness, and functional deficit. We present the outcomes of patients sustaining such injuries that were treated by a novel dynamic external fixator. This fixator uses a system of K-wires and rubber bands that maintains a concentrically reduced PIP joint while allowing for early motion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients with unstable, dorsal fracture-dislocation injuries of the PIP joint were treated between September 2001 and January 2006. Eight were available for follow-up evaluation at an average of 26 months. We measured PIP range of motion and grip strength, and assessed pain on a visual analog scale. Demographic information about the original injury was recorded. New radiographs were obtained to assess joint congruency and the presence of arthritis or articular step-off deformity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 8 patients available for follow-up evaluation, the average motion of the affected PIP joint was from 1 degrees (range 0 degrees to 5 degrees) to 89 degrees (range 75 degrees to 110 degrees). Grip strength was 92% (range 71% to 110%) of the unaffected hand. The average score on the visual analog pain scale was 0.6 (range 0-1.5). There were few complications. Radiographs at follow-up evaluation showed a concentric reduction in all joints, but with evidence of a small step-off deformity or arthritis in 5 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dynamic external fixator studied is an effective method of treating unstable, dorsal fracture-dislocation injuries. Outcomes compared favorably with those of other similar devices studied in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Pete
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prokopis
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chetboun
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Athanasian
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Weiland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001858:Bone Nails; D004867:Equipment Design; D016267:External Fixators; D005260:Female; D005384:Finger Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D016896:Treatment Outcome