title: Equine influenza vaccine containing older H3N8 strains offers protection against A/eq/South Africa/4/03 (H3N8) strain in a short-term vaccine efficacy study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surveillance of equine influenza viruses has suggested that strains included in currently licensed vaccines are a poor match for those predominantly circulating in the field.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the ability of Duvaxyn IE-T Plus to provide cross protection against the newly evolved South Africa/4/03 (H3N8) strain of equine influenza virus.
  
  
  METHODS
  The vaccine efficacy was evaluated by challenge infection with influenza strain A/eq/South Africa/4/03 (H3N8) 2 weeks after a primary course of 2 vaccinations with Duvaxyn IE-T Plus given at a 4-week interval. The outcome of challenge in vaccinated ponies was compared with that in unvaccinated animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the time of challenge, all vaccinated ponies had high levels of antibody to Newmarket/1/93, Newmarket/2/93 and South Africa/4/03 strains measured by single radial haemolysis. After challenge infection, there were statistically significantly decreased clinical scores and virus shedding was significantly lower in the vaccinated ponies compared to unvaccinated controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two doses of Duvaxyn IE-T Plus provides good clinical and virological protection against challenge with a variant virus 2 weeks after the 2 doses of vaccine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When variant strains of equine influenza virus first emerge, booster immunisations with currently available vaccines may limit infection provided sufficiently high antibody levels are achieved, suggesting that vaccination in the face of an outbreak may be beneficial.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sindle
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tearle
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barquero
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Corning
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006736:Horses; D007117:Immunization, Secondary / Q000662:veterinary; D053123:Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines