Effects of muscle cooling on the stiffness of the human gastrocnemius muscle in vivo.
OBJECTIVE
The effects of muscle cooling on the stiffness of the human gastrocnemius muscle (GAS) were examined in vivo.


METHODS
The knee joint was passively extended from 90 to 0 degrees (0 degrees = full knee extended position) with a constant ankle angle of 10 degrees dorsiflexed position (0 degrees = the sole of the foot is approximately perpendicular to the anterior margin of the shaft of the tibia) in a control condition (room temperature of 18-23 degrees C) and a cooling condition (muscle temperature decreased by 5.8 +/- 1.7 degrees C after cooling using a cold water bath at a temperature of 5-8 degrees C for 60 min). The change in passive Achilles tendon force, muscle fascicle length of GAS and muscle temperature were measured (n = 6) during the motion.


CONCLUSIONS
GAS stiffness was significantly greater in the cooling condition (20 +/- 8 N/mm) than the control condition (18 +/- 8 N/mm). There was no cooling effect on the muscle slack length, beyond which passive muscle force arises. The maximum passive Achilles tendon force significantly increased by 19 +/- 20% after cooling. These results suggested that cooling increased the passive muscle force due to the increase in the muscle stiffness rather than the shift of the muscle slack length.
Muraoka
Tetsuro
T
Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan. muraoka@aoni.waseda.jp
Omuro
Kohei
K
Wakahara
Taku
T
Muramatsu
Tadashi
T
Kanehisa
Hiroaki
H
Fukunaga
Tetsuo
T
Kanosue
Kazuyuki
K
D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D003080:Cold Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D007101:Immersion; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D014463:Ultrasonography