title: Response to interferon-alpha treatment correlates with recovery of blood plasmacytoid dendritic cells in children with chronic hepatitis B.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether dendritic cell changes are associated with the efficacy of interferon-alpha treatment we longitudinally analyzed circulating dendritic cells in children chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) undergoing interferon-alpha treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) received interferon-alpha antiviral treatment for 52 weeks. Myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDCs) frequency and function were analyzed at weeks 0, 2, 12, 24, 36 and 52 in 22 CHB patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients exhibited an initially rapid decrease of circulating pDC numbers and CpG-induced endogenous interferon-alpha production within 2 weeks of interferon-alpha treatment. Subsequently, all responders displayed a continuous increase of both pDC numbers and function peaking around week 12. These responses were consequently accompanied by viral clearance, hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion, and the improvement of circulating myeloid dendritic cells and type 1T helper cytokine levels. However, non-responders lacked these sequential responses compared with responders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  pDCs may actively correlate with interferon-alpha therapy-induced viral clearance in pediatric patients with CHB. The recovery of blood pDC number and function may represent a prognostic marker for favourable response to interferon-alpha treatment in chronic hepatitis B.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hongfei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jinxia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Junliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Fu-Sheng
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002452:Cell Count; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000166:cytology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016898:Interferon-alpha