title: TCF4 deficiency expands ventral diencephalon signaling and increases induction of pituitary progenitors.
abstract: The anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland are formed from Rathke's pouch. FGF, BMP and WNT signals emanating from the ventral diencephalon influence pouch growth and development. In order to examine the role of canonical WNT signaling during pituitary development we examined the pituitary expression of the TCF/LEF family of transcription factors, which mediate WNT signaling through the binding of beta-catenin. We report here the expression of several members of this family during pituitary development and the functional role of one member, TCF4 (TCF7L2), in the induction of the pituitary primordium. TCF4 is expressed in the ventral diencephalon early in pituitary development, rostral to a domain of BMP and FGF expression. Tcf4 deficient mice express Fgf10 and Bmp4; however, the Bmp and Fgf expression domains are expanded rostrally. As a result, additional pituitary progenitor cells are recruited into Rathke's pouch in Tcf4 mutants. Mutants also exhibit an expansion of the Six6 expression domain within Rathke's pouch, which may increase the number of proliferating pouch cells, resulting in a greatly enlarged anterior pituitary gland. This suggests that TCF4 negatively regulates pituitary growth through two mechanisms. The first mechanism is to restrict the domains of BMP and FGF signaling in the ventral diencephalon, and the second mechanism is the restriction of Six6 within Rathke's pouch. Thus, TCF4 is necessary both intrinsically and extrinsically to Rathke's pouch to ensure the proper growth of the pituitary gland.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Department of Human Genetics, 4909 Buhl Building, 1241 E. Catherine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0618, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Brinkmeier
authors.forename: Mary Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Potok
authors.forename: Shannon W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Sally A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Camper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004027:Diencephalon / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000073940:Transcription Factor 4; D058125:Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein
chemical_list: D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; C497574:Lef1 protein, mouse; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; C544912:TCF7L1 protein, human; C090743:Tcf4 protein, mouse; C544913:Tcf7l1 protein, mouse; D000073940:Transcription Factor 4; D058125:Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors