title: Epidemiology of venous thromboembolism after lower limb arthroplasty: the FOTO study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In view of recent substantial changes in the management of orthopedic surgery patients, a study was performed in order to update data on the epidemiology of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing lower limb arthroplasty according to contemporary practise.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective observational study of a cohort of consecutive patients hospitalized for total hip or knee replacement in June 2003. The primary study outcome was the incidence of symptomatic VTE at 3 months. All events were adjudicated by an independent critical event committee.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 1080 patients (mean age 68.0 years) were available; 63.2% were undergoing total hip replacement and 36.8% total knee replacement. Pharmacological thromboprophylaxis was administered for a mean time of 36 days. Injectable antithrombotics were used in more than 99% of patients, irrespective of the type of surgery. The incidence of the primary study outcome was 1.8% (20 events; 95% CI: 1.0-2.6%). The incidences were 1.3% and 2.8% in hip and knee surgery patients, respectively. There were two pulmonary embolisms, both in knee surgery patients; neither was fatal. Thirty-five per cent of VTEs occurred after hospital discharge. An age of at least 75 years and the absence of ambulation before hospital discharge were the only significant (P < 0.05) predictors of VTE. The rate of clinically significant bleeding was 1.0% and the rate of death was 0.9%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of symptomatic VTE after lower limb arthroplasty is low, even if there is still a need to improve thromboprophylaxis, notably in patients undergoing knee arthroplasty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hotel-Dieu University Hospital, 1 Place du Parvis de Notre-Dame, Paris cedex 04, France. marc.samama@htd.aphp.fr
authors.forename: C-M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Samama
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ravaud
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parent
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barré
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mertl
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mismetti
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents