title: Donepezil for the treatment of agitation in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Agitation is a common and distressing symptom in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Cholinesterase inhibitors improve cognitive outcomes in such patients, but the benefits of these drugs for behavioral disturbances are unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomly assigned 272 patients with Alzheimer's disease who had clinically significant agitation and no response to a brief psychosocial treatment program to receive 10 mg of donepezil per day (128 patients) or placebo (131 patients) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was a change in the score on the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) (on a scale of 29 to 203, with higher scores indicating more agitation) at 12 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between the effects of donepezil and those of placebo on the basis of the change in CMAI scores from baseline to 12 weeks (estimated mean difference in change [the value for donepezil minus that for placebo], -0.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], -4.35 to 4.22). Twenty-two of 108 patients (20.4%) in the placebo group and 22 of 113 (19.5%) in the donepezil group had a reduction of 30% or greater in the CMAI score (the value for donepezil minus that for placebo, -0.9 percentage point; 95% CI, -11.4 to 9.6). There were also no significant differences between the placebo and donepezil groups in scores for the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Caregiver Distress Scale, or the Clinician's Global Impression of Change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this 12-week trial, donepezil was not more effective than placebo in treating agitation in patients with Alzheimer's disease. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00142324 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Neurogeneration Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. robert.howard@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Edmund
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Juszczak
authors.forename: Clive G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ballard
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bentham
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bullock
authors.forename: Alistair S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Clive
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jacoby
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindesay
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wilcock
authors.forename: Cornelius
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katona
authors.forename: Roy W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DeCesare
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077265:Donepezil; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D010880:Piperidines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D011613:Psychotherapy; D012944:Social Support; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007189:Indans; D010880:Piperidines; D000077265:Donepezil