title: Antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects of the ethanolic extract of Phellinus igniarius (Linnearus: Fries) Quelet.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Phellinus igniarius (Linnearus: Fries) Quelet (Phellinus igniarius) has been used in oriental countries for treatment of various diseases including cancer. However, it is unclear how Phellinus igniarius exerts anticancer effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study the ethanolic extract from the fruiting body of Phellinus igniarius (EEPI) was used to evaluate the antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects in human hepatocarcinoma SK-Hep-1 cells and rat heart vascular endothelial cells (RHE cells).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that EEPI inhibited the proliferation of both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, and the IC50 values at 48 h were 72 and 103 microg/ml for SK-Hep-1 cells and RHE cells, respectively. EEPI at non- or sub-cytotoxic concentrations (25-100 microg/ml) markedly inhibited the migration and invasion of SK-Hep-1 cells. EEPI added at 25 microg/ml significantly decreased the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) (49%, p<0.01) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (13%, p<0.05) in SK-Hep-1 cells. EEPI at 25 microg/ml completely inhibited matrigel-induced tube formation in RHE cells. Importantly, EEPI (25 or 50 microg/ml) in combination with oxaliplatin (Oxa) or 5-flurouracil (5-FU) synergistically inhibited the proliferation of SK-Hep-1 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate the antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects of EEPI in vitro and the potential of EEPI as an adjuvant for chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Chungchou Institute of Technology, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Tuzz-Ying
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Hung-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Nae-Cherng
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Miao-Lin
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000737:chemistry*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008518:Medicine, East Asian Traditional; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D051381:Rats; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D005472:Fluorouracil