title: A long-term follow-up study of Class II malocclusion correction after treatment with Class II elastics or fixed functional appliances.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to compare dentofacial morphology and long-term follow-up changes in growing males with skeletal Class II malocclusions treated without extractions and with either Begg or Herbst appliances.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lateral cephalograms were obtained at the start of treatment, after active treatment, and after long-term follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment effects differed between the groups, with usually more favorable effects in the Herbst group. However, during the follow-up period, many of the changes were reversed. During the total observation period, maxillary prognathism and lower anterior facial height increased more in the Begg group than in the Herbst group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there were initial marked differences in the treatment outcomes, most of these differences were not sustained over the longer term.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Public Dental Health Service, Malmo, Sweden.
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Urban
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hägg
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bendeus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D020724:Elastomers; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011378:Prognathism / Q000503:physiopathology; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014716:Vertical Dimension
chemical_list: D020724:Elastomers