The effect of dextromethorphan in preventing cholecalciferol-induced poison shyness and sickness-induced anorexia in the laboratory Norway rat.
BACKGROUND
Overcoming bait and poison shyness is critical to the success of pest control operations against rats and other rodents. The authors hypothesized that the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blocker, dextromethorphan, could prevent the acquired memory of sickness and sickness-induced anorexia resulting from rodents eating poisoned bait.


RESULTS
Cholecalciferol (1/4 LD(50)) was mixed with dextromethorphan and fed to rats on two 2 day sessions, with an 18 day break in between. Dextromethorphan did not prevent poison shyness; during the second poisoning period, both the cholecalciferol only and the cholecalciferol plus dextromethorphan groups had lower intakes of the bait compared with the control and dextromethorphan only groups. In addition to the previously recorded symptoms of cholecalciferol poisoning, the rats in this trial were observed to have nose bleeds, weepy eyes, laboured breathing and, in the case of the cholecalciferol only treated group, a period of decreased water intake followed by a period of increased water intake. There was also a period of increased water intake in the cholecalciferol plus dextromethorphan group.


CONCLUSIONS
Dextromethorphan failed to prevent poison shyness and the anorectic effect of cholecalciferol. However, it did reduce anorexia from 17 days in the cholecaliferol group to 8 days in the cholecalciferol plus dextromethorphan group.
Gould
Elaine M
EM
Health and Food Sector, HortResearch, East Street, PB 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand. egould@hortresearch.co.nz
Holmes
Selena J
SJ
D000818:Animals; D000855:Anorexia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000633:toxicity*; D003915:Dextromethorphan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D011042:Poisons / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012378:Rodenticides / Q000633:toxicity*
D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D011042:Poisons; D012378:Rodenticides; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D003915:Dextromethorphan