title: Self-efficacy, outcome expectations and self-care behaviour in people with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore differences in self-care behaviour according to demographic and illness characteristics; and relationships among self-care behaviour and demographic and illness characteristics, efficacy expectations and outcome expectations of people with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Most people with diabetes do not control their disease appropriately in Taiwan. Enhanced self-efficacy towards managing diseases can be an effective way of improving disease control as proposed by the self-efficacy model which provides a useful framework for understanding adherence to self-care behaviours.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample comprised 145 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 30 years or more from diabetes outpatient clinics in Taipei. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire for this study. One-way anova, t-tests, Pearson product moment correlation and hierarchical regression were analysed for the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were found: between self-care behaviour and complications (t = -2.52, p < 0.01) and patient education (t = -1.96, p < 0.05). Self-care behaviour was significantly and positively correlated with duration of diabetes (r = 0.36, p < 0.01), efficacy expectations (r = 0.54, p < 0.01) and outcome expectations (r = 0.44, p < 0.01). A total of 39.1% of variance in self-care behaviour can be explained by duration of diabetes, efficacy expectations and outcome expectations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings support the use of the self-efficacy model as a framework for understanding adherence to self-care behaviour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using self-efficacy theory when designing patient education interventions for people with type 2 diabetes will enhance self-management routines and assist in reducing major complications in the future.
authors.affiliation: Nursing Faculty, National Taipei College of Nursing, Taipei, Taiwan. shufang@ntcn.edu.tw
authors.forename: Shu-Fang Vivienne
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Courtney
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McDowell
authors.forename: Lillie M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Shortridge-Baggett
authors.forename: Pei-Jen
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan