title: Imaging of musculoskeletal bacterial infections by [124I]FIAU-PET/CT.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Traditional imaging techniques for the localization and monitoring of bacterial infections, although reasonably sensitive, suffer from a lack of specificity. This is particularly true for musculoskeletal infections. Bacteria possess a thymidine kinase (TK) whose substrate specificity is distinct from that of the major human TK. The substrate specificity difference has been exploited to develop a new imaging technique that can detect the presence of viable bacteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight subjects with suspected musculoskeletal infections and one healthy control were studied by a combination of [(124)I]FIAU-positron emission tomography and CT ([(124)I]FIAU-PET/CT). All patients with proven musculoskeletal infections demonstrated positive [(124)I]FIAU-PET/CT signals in the sites of concern at two hours after radiopharmaceutical administration. No adverse reactions with FIAU were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  [(124)I]FIAU-PET/CT is a promising new method for imaging bacterial infections.
authors.affiliation: The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Foss
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.forename: Sridhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nimmagadda
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Endres
authors.forename: Ovsev
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Uzuner
authors.forename: Thorsten M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Seyler
authors.forename: Slif D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: Chetan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bettegowda
authors.forename: Nishant
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.forename: Xiaosong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Ladenson
authors.forename: Barry N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Vogelstein
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mont
authors.forename: Shibin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Kenneth W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kinzler
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vogelstein
authors.forename: Martin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Pomper
mesh_terms: D001086:Arabinofuranosyluracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000382:microbiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009132:Muscles / Q000382:microbiology*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D001086:Arabinofuranosyluracil; C043457:fialuridine; D013937:Thymidine Kinase