title: Sinefungin resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae arising from Sam3 mutations that inactivate the AdoMet transporter or from increased expression of AdoMet synthase plus mRNA cap guanine-N7 methyltransferase.
abstract: The S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) analog sinefungin is a natural product antibiotic that inhibits nucleic acid methyltransferases and arrests the growth of unicellular eukarya and eukaryal viruses. The basis for the particular sensitivity of fungi and protozoa to sinefungin is not known. Here we report the isolation and characterization of spontaneous sinefungin-resistant mutants of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In all cases, sinefungin resistance was attributable to a loss-of-function mutation in Sam3, the yeast high-affinity AdoMet transporter. Overexpression of wild-type Sam3 increased the sensitivity of yeast to growth inhibition by sinefungin. Thus, Sam3 is a tunable determinant of sinefungin potency. The shared ability of protozoan parasites to import AdoMet might determine sinefungin's anti-infective spectrum. Insights to the intracellular action of sinefungin stem from the finding that increased gene dosage of yeast AdoMet synthase plus cap guanine-N7 methyltransferase afforded greater resistance to sinefungin than either enzyme alone. These results are consistent with the proposal that mRNA cap methylation is a principal target of sinefungin's bioactivity.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute and Microbiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Sushuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Stewart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shuman
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schwer
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D026905:Amino Acid Transport Systems / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D008716:Methionine Adenosyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D026905:Amino Acid Transport Systems; D000935:Antifungal Agents; C429746:SAM3 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine; D008780:Methyltransferases; C055097:mRNA (guanine(N7))-methyltransferase; D008716:Methionine Adenosyltransferase; D000241:Adenosine; C006235:sinefungin