title: Decreased flow-mediated dilation is present 1 year after a pre-eclamptic pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pre-eclamptic toxaemia is associated with inflammation and vascular endothelial dysfunction. As women who have had pre-eclamptic toxaemia are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, we hypothesized that these abnormalities are persistent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen women with a history of pre-eclamptic toxaemia and 17 age-matched controls were enrolled. All underwent non-invasive ultrasound examination of the brachial artery for an evaluation of flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD). The ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM), and plasma concentrations of lipoproteins, inflammation markers, adhesion molecules, glucometabolic and haemostatic factors were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with a history of pre-eclamptic toxaemia had lower FMD compared with controls (2.5 +/- 2.9 versus 10.3 +/- 2.0%, P < 0.0001). ABPM showed higher systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures during daytime in the pre-eclamptic toxaemia group than in controls (123 +/- 9, 81 +/- 6 and 95 +/- 6 mmHg versus 116 +/- 9, 76 +/- 7 and 90 +/- 7 mmHg, respectively, all P < 0.05). Among the biochemical determinations, a high value of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was calculated at 1.3 (1.1-2.1) median [interquartile range (IQR)] in the pre-eclamptic toxaemia group and 1.0 (0.7-1.3) in controls (P < 0.01), and when adjusted for body mass index there was still a significant difference between groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found for other metabolic and haemostatic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with a previous history of pre-eclamptic toxaemia have decreased FMD compared with women with a previous normal pregnancy. This perturbation is a proof of an abnormal state still present 1 year after delivery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. rangeen.rafik-hamad@karolinska.se
authors.forename: Rangeen Rafik
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Hamad
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamsten
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bremme
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013599:Systole; D013997:Time Factors; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1