title: Fate of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in a fly ash treatment plant.
abstract: To understand the fate of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in a fly ash treatment plant that used the Waelz rotary kiln process (hereafter the Waelz process), the samples of input and output media were collected and analyzed. The most important PCDD/F source in input mass was electric arc furnace (EAF) fly ash, which had a mean PCDD/F content of 18.51 ng/g and contributed more than 99% of PCDD/F input mass, whereas the PCDD/F input mass fractions contributed by the coke, sand, and ambient air were only 0.04%, 0.02%, and 0.000002%, respectively. For the PCDD/F output mass in the Waelz process, the major total PCDD/F contents of 43.73 and 10.78 ng/g were in bag-filter and cyclone ashes, which accounted for approximately 69% and 17%, respectively, whereas those of stack flue gas and slag were 14% and 0.423%, respectively. The Waelz process has a dechlorination mechanism for higher chlorinated congeners, but it is difficult to decompose the aromatic rings of PCDD/Fs. Therefore, this resulted in the accumulation of lower chlorinated congeners. The output/input ratio of total PCDD/F mass and total PCDD/F international toxicity equivalence (I-TEQ) was 0.62 and 1.19, respectively. Thus, the Waelz process for the depletion effect of total PCDD/F mass was positive but minor, whereas the effect for total PCDD/F I-TEQ was adverse overall.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hsing-Wang
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yee-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wen-Jhy
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Guo-Ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Chang-Chien
mesh_terms: D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002244:Carbon; D060729:Coal Ash; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D017745:Incineration; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000737:chemistry*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D018505:Waste Management
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D060729:Coal Ash; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D002244:Carbon