title: FP prostanoid receptor-mediated induction of the expression of early growth response factor-1 by activation of a Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
abstract: FP prostanoid receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors whose physiological activator is prostaglandin-F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)). PGF(2alpha) has been implicated in wound healing and cardiac hypertrophy, which are both known to involve the induction of the immediate-early response gene, early growth response factor-1 (EGR-1). We hypothesized that activation of the human FP receptor by PGF(2alpha) could induce the expression of EGR-1 and found that 1 muM PGF(2alpha) produced a time-dependent induction of both mRNA and protein expression for EGR-1. This FP receptor-mediated induction of EGR-1 expression involved activation of the small GTPase Ras followed by activation of C-Raf and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinases 1 and 2 (MEK1/2). Thus, induction of EGR-1 expression by PGF(2alpha) was blocked using dominant-negative constructs of Ras and C-Raf and the Raf kinase inhibitor 4-(4-(3-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)ureido)phenoxy)-pyridine-2-carboxyllic acid methyamide-4-methylbenzenesulfonate (BAY43-9006). Likewise, the MEK1/2 inhibitor 2'-amino-3'-methoxyflavone (PD98059) blocked the induction of EGR-1 expression by PGF(2alpha). FP receptor stimulation by PGF(2alpha) induced the phosphorylation of C-Raf, MEK1/2, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, consistent with the activation of a MAP kinase signaling cascade. PGF(2alpha) was also found to induce the expression of EGR-1 in rat cardiomyocytes through the activation of endogenous FP receptors. This induction of EGR-1 expression in cardiomyocytes also involved the activation of Raf and MAP kinase signaling and was dependent on the activation of protein kinase C. This is the first report to show the regulation of EGR-1 expression after PGF(2alpha) activation of FP receptors and suggests that this could be an early event involved in wound healing and cardiac hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy/The University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., Tucson, AZ 85721-0207, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Chih-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Haipeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: Qin M
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Regan
mesh_terms: D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D011982:Receptors, Prostaglandin / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D011982:Receptors, Prostaglandin