title: A phosphorylated form of Mel-18 targets the Ring1B histone H2A ubiquitin ligase to chromatin.
abstract: Recent studies have shown that PRC1-like Polycomb repressor complexes monoubiquity-late chromatin on histone H2A at lysine residue 119. Here we have analyzed the function of the polycomb protein Mel-18. Using affinity-tagged human MEL-18, we identify a polycomb-like complex, melPRC1, containing the core PRC1 proteins, RING1/2, HPH2, and CBX8. We show that, in ES cells, melPRC1 can functionally substitute for other PRC1-like complexes in Hox gene repression. A reconstituted subcomplex containing only Ring1B and Mel-18 functions as an efficient ubiquitin E3 ligase. This complex ubiquitylates free histone substrates nonspecifically but is highly specific for histone H2A lysine 119 in the context of nucleosomes. Mutational analysis demonstrates that while Ring1B is required for E3 function, Mel-18 directs this activity to H2A lysine 119 in chromatin. Moreover, this substrate-targeting function of Mel-18 is dependent on its prior phosphorylation at multiple residues, providing a direct link between chromatin modification and cell signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elderkin
authors.forename: Goedele N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Maertens
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Endoh
authors.forename: Donna L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Mallery
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morrice
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koseki
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brockdorff
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiom
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005801:Genes, Homeobox; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006657:Histones; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D009707:Nucleosomes; C489348:PCGF2 protein, human; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D025801:Ubiquitin; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1; C489841:RNF2 protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases