[Exposure to organic halogen compounds in drinking water of 9 Italian regions: exposure to chlorites, chlorates, thrihalomethanes, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene].
This study investigated the exposure to organohalogens compounds in drinking water from 9 Italian towns (Udine, Genova, Parma, Modena, Siena, Roma, L'Aquila, Napoli and Catania). Overall, 1199 samples collected from 72 waterworks were analyzed. THMs, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene were evaluated using the head-space gas chromatographic technique (detection limit of 0.01 microg/l; chlorite and chlorate analysis was performed by ion chromatography (detection limit of 20 microg/l). THMs were evidenced in 925 samples (77%) (median value: 1.12 micro/l; range: 0.01-54 mciro/l) and 7 were higher than the THMs Italian limit of 30 microg/l. Chlorite and chlorate levels were higher than the detection limit in 45% for chlorite and in 34% for chlorate samples; median values were 221 microg/l and 76 microg/l, respectively. Chlorite values were higher than the chlorite Italian limit (700 microg/l) in 35 samples (8.7%). Trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene were measured in 29% and 44% of the investigated samples and showed values lower than the Italian limit (highest levels of 6 microg/l and 9 microg/l, respectively). The low levels detected of THMs, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene have no potentials effects on human health, whereas, the levels of chlorite and chlorates should be further evaluated and their potential effects for the populations using these drinking waters, better understood.
Fantuzzi
G
G
Dipartimento de Scienze di Sanità Pubblica, Facoltà di Bioscienze e Biotecnologie, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia. gugielmina.fantuzzi@unimore
Aggazzotti
G
G
Righi
E
E
Predieri
G
G
Giacobazzi
P
P
Kanitz
S
S
Barbone
F
F
Sansebastiano
G
G
Ricci
C
C
Leoni
V
V
Fabiani
L
L
Triassi
M
M
D002704:Chlorates / Q000032:analysis*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated / Q000032:analysis*; D007558:Italy; D012802:Sicily; D012997:Solvents / Q000032:analysis; D013750:Tetrachloroethylene / Q000032:analysis; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000032:analysis; D022882:Trihalomethanes / Q000032:analysis; D014505:Urban Population; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
D002704:Chlorates; D002712:Chlorides; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; D012997:Solvents; D022882:Trihalomethanes; D014241:Trichloroethylene; D013750:Tetrachloroethylene; C001599:chlorite