title: Neutrophils and TRAIL: insights into BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer.
abstract: Bladder cancer is a huge economic burden on the healthcare system and is responsible for approximately 5% of all cancer deaths in humans. Mycobacterium bovis BCG-based therapy is the treatment of choice for superficial bladder cancer. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation in the bladder results in a massive local inflammatory response that has secondary antitumor properties. Recent studies have demonstrated that neutrophils present in the bladder after BCG instillation release large amounts of the apoptosis-inducing molecule TRAIL, as well as chemokines that recruit other immune cells, suggesting that neutrophils play a key role in the antitumor response to BCG therapy. This review discusses the impact of these findings on the understanding of the antitumor mechanisms underlying BCG-based immunotherapy for bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, 3204 MERF, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242-1089, USA.
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Nauseef
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Griffith
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000276:immunology; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000378:metabolism*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D016207:Cytokines; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand