title: Botulinum toxin as adjunctive therapy in refractory laryngeal granuloma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the role of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of refractory laryngeal granulomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective clinical review at a tertiary care hospital. Seven patients with vocal process granulomas underwent percutaneous injection of botulinum toxin into both vocal folds, performed in an office setting. Total doses ranged from 10 to 25 U, divided between both vocal folds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients experienced resolution of their granulomas over two to seven weeks. No patient developed aspiration pneumonia. All patients experienced hoarseness secondary to the injections, but voice quality returned to baseline in all patients as the toxin was degraded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Botulinum toxin is safe and effective therapy in resolving vocal process granulomas in patients refractory to traditional therapy. The optimal treatment dose remains to be determined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous botulinum toxin injection is helpful in resolving laryngeal granulomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. edamrose@ohns.stanford.edu
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Damrose
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Damrose
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006102:Granuloma, Laryngeal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014833:Voice Quality
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A