title: Curcumin enhances the effects of 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin in mediating growth inhibition of colon cancer cells by modulating EGFR and IGF-1R.
abstract: Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), which has been shown to inhibit growth of transformed cells, has no discernible toxicity and achieves high levels in colonic mucosa. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or 5-FU plus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) remains the backbone of colorectal cancer chemotherapeutics, but with limited success. The present investigation was, therefore, undertaken to examine whether curcumin in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agent(s)/regimen will be a superior therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer. Indeed, results of our in vitro studies demonstrated that curcumin together with FOLFOX produced a significantly greater inhibition (p < 0.01) of growth and stimulated apoptosis (p < 0.001) of colon cancer HCT-116 and HT-29 cells than that caused by curcumin, 5-FU, curcumin + 5-FU or FOLFOX. These changes were associated with decreased expression and activation (tyrosine phosphorylation) of EGFR, HER-2, HER-3 (72-100%) and IGF-1R (67%) as well as their downstream effectors such as Akt and cycloxygenase-2 (51-97%). Furthermore, while these agents produced a 2-3-fold increase in the expression of IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), curcumin together with FOLFOX caused a 5-fold increase in the same, when compared to controls. This in turn led to increased sequestration of IGF by IGFBP-3 rendering IGF-1 unavailable for binding to and activation of IGF-1R. We conclude that the superior effects of the combination therapy of curcumin and FOLFOX are due to attenuation of EGFRs and IGF-1R signaling pathways. We also suggest that inclusion of curcumin to the conventional chemotherapeutic agent(s)/regimen could be an effective therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Bhaumik B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Radha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sengupta
authors.forename: Sadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qazi
authors.forename: Hetal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vachhani
authors.forename: Yingjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Arun K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Rishi
authors.forename: Adhip P N
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Majumdar
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D003474:Curcumin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D003474:Curcumin; D005472:Fluorouracil