title: Isolation and characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains from olive-related habitats in Turkey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To isolate Bacillus thuringiensis strains from different olive-related habitats (olive groves and olive oil factories) in Turkey and to characterize these strains by molecular methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 150 samples, consisting of olive grove soil, green olive leaves, olive leaf residues, animal faeces, olive pomace and dust, were examined for the presence of B. thuringiensis. One hundred B. thuringiensis strains were isolated from 54 environmental samples (36%) and characterized in terms of crystal morphology, cry and cyt gene content by polymerase chain reaction, plasmid profiles and 16S-internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (16S-ITS rDNA RFLP). The highest percentage of samples containing B. thuringiensis was found in 38 out of 54 total soil samples (70%). Of the 100 B. thuringiensis isolates, the most frequent crystal shapes were irregularly shaped (24%), spherical-irregular pointed (19%), cuboidal (17%) and spherical (16%). The cry1 plus cry4 genotype was the most abundant genotype in our collection (21%). RFLP analysis of the amplified 16S-ITS rDNA revealed 11 distinct patterns for the isolates and 10 reference strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacillus thuringiensis isolates showed a great genetic diversity and crystal shape heterogeneity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study on the isolation and characterization of B. thuringiensis from olive-related habitats in Turkey. No correlation was observed between the cry genotypes and insecticidal crystal shapes of the isolates. Restriction profiles of 23% of the isolates were found to be different from those of the 10 reference strains used.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Programme, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cinar
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Apaydin
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Yenidunya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harsa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gunes
mesh_terms: D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D003460:Crystallization; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D007306:Insecticides; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D031658:Olea / Q000382:microbiology*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D013171:Spores, Bacterial; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D007306:Insecticides