title: Determination of the in vitro susceptibility of feline tritrichomonas foetus to 5 antimicrobial agents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The nitroimidazole, ronidazole, has been demonstrated to have in vitro and in vivo activity against the protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus in cats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of feline T. foetus isolates obtained from naturally infected cats to 5 antimicrobial agents and to compare the in vitro time kill of ronidazole and metronidazole.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that nitroimidazoles have in vitro activity against T. foetus, whereas furazolidone, omeprazole, and paromomycin do not.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fecal specimens were cultured from 4 naturally infected Bengal cats with a history of T. foetus-associated diarrhea.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 24-hour susceptibility assay was performed on all 4 isolates for the 5 antimicrobial agents. A time-kill microdilution method was performed on 2 isolates for metronidazole and ronidazole.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paromomycin and omeprazole showed no in vitro effect at concentrations < or = 80 microg/mL. There was no significant difference in 24-hour susceptibilities among metronidazole, ronidazole, and furazolidone. In addition, only the results of the highest concentration tested (80 microg/mL) and concentrations of 1.25 and 2.5 microg/mL revealed significant differences in the rate of trophozoite killing, with ronidazole having a faster reduction in trophozoite survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Time-kill assays demonstrated ronidazole had a higher lethal activity compared with metronidazole. These findings contrast with a previously published report and may reflect strain variation, different methodologies, or both. The lack of clinical response seen with metronidazole administration to treat feline trichomoniasis may not reflect inherent resistance but rather in vivo events involving drug distribution and pharmacokinetics.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kather
authors.forename: Stanley L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Philip H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Kass
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology*; D002415:Cats; D005664:Furazolidone / Q000494:pharmacology; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D010303:Paromomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011528:Protozoan Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D011529:Protozoan Infections, Animal; D012385:Ronidazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D016835:Tritrichomonas foetus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D053058:Trophozoites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D008795:Metronidazole; D005664:Furazolidone; D010303:Paromomycin; D012385:Ronidazole; D009853:Omeprazole