title: Does readiness to change predict reduced crack use in human immunodeficiency virus prevention?
abstract: This study examines crack cocaine (crack) use, readiness to change, and gender in a sample of 923 men and women randomized to standard human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) education (standard intervention [SI]) or peer-delivered intervention (enhanced intervention [EI]). Four levels of crack use characterized frequency of use in the past 30 days; readiness was assessed on three levels (precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation/action). Differences between intervention groups on crack use and readiness by gender were examined from baseline to 3-month follow-up. Overall, participants reduced their crack use from baseline, with those in the EI showing greater improvement than those in the SI. A small proportion of participants improved readiness; those who improved were more likely to improve their crack use. No significant gender differences were found. These findings suggest that the readiness construct does not fully capture the dynamics of change among out-of-treatment crack users. Further research is needed to fully comprehend the dynamics of change among this group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. aschlosser@wustl.edu
authors.forename: Allison V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Schlosser
authors.forename: Arbi Ben
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Abdallah
authors.forename: Catina L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Callahan
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bradford
authors.forename: Linda B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Cottler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016578:Crack Cocaine; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior
chemical_list: D016578:Crack Cocaine