title: Spotted black snake (Pseudechis guttatus) envenomation in a maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus).
abstract: Envenomation by a spotted black snake (Pseudechis guttatus), following multiple bites on the buccal mucosa of a captive maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), caused the animal's collapse, hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis, local tissue necrosis, hepatic and renal failure, and subsequent death. The wolf died despite intensive supportive care including antivenom administration, fluid support, and a blood transfusion. Gross necropsy findings included myocardial and intestinal hemorrhage, pulmonary congestion, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly. Microscopic examination of formalin-fixed tissues demonstrated pulmonary and abdominal visceral hemorrhage, acute nephrosis with casts, multifocal hepatic necrosis, and splenic congestion.
authors.affiliation: Western Plains Zoo, PO. Box 831, Dubbo, New South Wales 2830, Australia. tportas@zoo.nsw.gov.au
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Portas
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Montali
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D046028:Canidae; D004546:Elapid Venoms; D017815:Elapidae; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D004546:Elapid Venoms; C026235:Pseudechis venom