title: Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma Long-term survival in a prospective, non-randomized study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently new concepts for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) have been developed, which include preoperative simultaneous neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT) and one stage operation with excision of the tumour and reconstruction. When we consider long-term survival, we find substantial evidence that combined treatment based on neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy is superior to adjuvant treatment including operation and postoperative radiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied two groups consisting of 74 patients given neoadjuvant treatment and 54 treated surgically. Ninety-nine patients suffered from stage III and IV diseases according to the UICC-criteria. Long-term survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neoadjuvant treatment increased the prospect of a long-term survival free of tumour. Kaplan-Meier curves estimated a 5-year tumour-free survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma category T1 as 83% in the neoadjuvant group and 70% in the adjuvant group; the corresponding figures for T2 were 79% and 57%, for T3 68% and 33% and for T4 51% and 30%, respectively. The difference for T1, T2 and T4 tumours were significant. The preoperative radio- and chemotherapy were shown to be effective by the fact that pathohistologically resection specimens were free of tumour in 28 patients in the neoadjuvant group. Four patients died during the preoperative combination treatment. Of the patients, 65% in the adjuvant group and 72% in the neoadjuvant group survived the observation period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The neoadjuvant treatment results in better 5-year-survival rate than adjuvant treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Maastricht, P.O. Box 5800, NL-6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands. pkes@skam.azm.nl
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grabenbauer
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leher
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bloch-Birkholz
authors.forename: Elephtherios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vairaktaris
authors.forename: Friedrich Wilhelm
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Neukam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008339:Mandibular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant