title: Etiology and glycemic control among Thai children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is little data on etiology and metabolic control in children and adolescents with diabetes in developing countries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Determine the etiology of diabetes in Thai youths and to evaluate their glycemic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors retrospectively reviewed the case records of 157 patients seen at the Department of Pediatrics, Siriraj Hospital between 2003 and 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Type 1 diabetes (T1D) comprised 83%, type 2 diabetes (T2D) 13%, and other types 4%. GAD65 and IA-2 antibodies were positive in 63% and 61% of T1D patients, and 0% and 9% of T2D patients, respectively. There were an increasing number of new cases, both T1D and T2D, during the study period compared with a previous study conducted at the hospital. Mean HbA1c in T1D and T2D were 8.9 +/- 2.1% and 6.2 +/- 1.80%, respectively (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the present study, glycemic control appeared to be more satisfactory in T2D patients than those with T1D. Glycemic control among T1D patients was comparable to others in developed countries.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Rd, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. sijst@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Jeerunda
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santiprabhob
authors.forename: Praewvarin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weerakulwattana
authors.forename: Sunattra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nunloi
authors.forename: Pornpimol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kiattisakthavee
authors.forename: Renu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wongarn
authors.forename: Jirapa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wekawanich
authors.forename: Pairunyar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nakavachara
authors.forename: Katharee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chaichanwattanakul
authors.forename: Supawadee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Likitmaskul
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C096322:ICA512 autoantibody; C401141:glutamate decarboxylase 2