title: A comparison of anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of tiletamine-zolazepam-butorphanol and tiletamine-zolazepam-butorphanol- medetomidine in cats.
abstract: Using a randomized crossover design, this study compared the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of three intramuscular anesthetic combinations in seven 2-year-old cats: tiletamine-zolazepam (8 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) (TT); tiletamine-zolazepam (3 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.15 mg/kg), and medetomidine (15 microg/kg) (TTD); or the TTD protocol plus atipamezole (75 microg/kg IM) given 20 minutes later to reverse medetomidine. Analgesia was assessed using algometry and needle pricking. All three combinations effectively induced anesthesia suitable for orotracheal intubation within 5 minutes after injection. Hemoglobin oxygen saturation was lower than 90% at least once in all three groups between 5 and 15 minutes after drug administration. Blood pressure and heart and respiratory rates were within normal ranges. Both TT and TTD appeared to be effective injectable anesthetic combinations. TTD provided significantly better analgesia with a longer duration than did TT. Atipamezole administration shortened the duration of analgesia and decreased blood pressure but did not shorten total recovery time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Jeff C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Abbo
authors.forename: Ann B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.forename: Brenda M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Payton
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002415:Cats / Q000502:physiology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006024:Glycopyrrolate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D020926:Medetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D013992:Tiletamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015041:Zolazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D007093:Imidazoles; D009294:Narcotics; C050701:atipamezole; D014991:Xylazine; D013992:Tiletamine; D015041:Zolazepam; D020926:Medetomidine; D002077:Butorphanol; D006024:Glycopyrrolate