title: Functional, molecular and proteomic characterisation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being considered as potential therapeutic agents in various inflammatory autoimmune diseases for their tissue-repair and anti-inflammatory tissue-protective properties. This study investigates the reserves and function, the molecular and proteomic profile and the differentiation potential of BM MSCs in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the frequency of MSCs in the BM mononuclear cell fraction using a limiting dilution assay, the proliferative/clonogenic potential and the capacity of cells to differentiate towards the osteogenic/chondrogenic/adipogenic lineages using appropriate culture conditions. We also assessed the molecular and proteomic characteristics in terms of inflammatory cytokine gene and protein expression, the relative telomere length and the survival characteristics of BM MSCs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MSCs from patients with RA (n = 26) and age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (n = 21) were similar in frequency, differentiation potential, survival, immunophenotypic characteristics, and protein profile. Patient MSCs, however, had impaired clonogenic and proliferative potential in association with premature telomere length loss. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of genes related to cell adhesion processes and cell cycle progression beyond the G1 phase. Previous treatment with methotrexate, corticosteroids, anti-cytokine and biological agents or other disease-modifying anti-inflammatory drugs did not correlate with the clonogenic and proliferative impairment of BM MSCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In spite of some restrictions related to the impaired clonogenic and proliferative potential, our findings support the use of autologous BM MSCs in RA and may have important implications for the ongoing efforts to repair tissue injury commonly seen in the course of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: M-C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kastrinaki
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sidiropoulos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ringe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kritikos
authors.forename: V-M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Vlahava
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Delorme
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Eliopoulos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Charbord
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Häupl
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Boumpas
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Papadaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002999:Clone Cells; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016615:Telomere / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines