title: Blue nevi of the Müllerian tract: case series and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Blue nevi are rare in the cervix and vagina. Melanocytes are not normally found in these sites and have been hypothesized to arise either from the Schwann cells of stromal nerves or from melanocytic precursors which have aberrantly migrated from the neural crest to rest in the Müllerian stroma. Because of their rarity (3 previous cases in the literature), vaginal blue nevi have not previously been studied with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe 3 cases of blue nevus occurring in the Müllerian tract, 1 in the vagina and 2 in the endocervix.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vaginal lesion was seen during routine examination of a 40-year-old woman. The endocervical blue nevi were incidental findings in hysterectomies performed for leiomyomata and endometrial serous carcinoma in women aged 44 and 57 years, respectively. All 3 cases showed loose aggregates of cytologically benign, pigmented, dendritic spindle cells in the superficial stroma. They were immunoreactive for S100 and melan-A, but not HMB45. Ultrastructural analysis revealed numerous melanosomes, with no Schwannian features identified. Compared with the endocervical lesions, the vaginal nevus cells were more heavily pigmented, and on electron microscopy, a greater proportion of stage IV melanosomes were seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We provide the first immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings in a vaginal blue nevus, which confirm that it is of a similar nature to the endocervical blue nevi. Ultrastructurally, our results support a melanocytic rather than Schwannian origin for Müllerian blue nevi.
authors.affiliation: Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ken.craddock@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Craddock
authors.forename: Bizhan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bandarchi
authors.forename: Mahmoud A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khalifa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D018329:Nevus, Blue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014625:Vaginal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure