title: DNA repair gene XRCC1 and XPD polymorphisms and the risk of idiopathic azoospermia in a Chinese population.
abstract: Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may influence individual variation in DNA repair capacity and further influence the risk of developing cancer. However, little information is available on these polymorphisms in infertility. To investigate whether polymorphisms in DNA repair genes, X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) and xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD), alone or in combination, are associated with the risk of developing idiopathic azoospermia, the genotype and allele frequencies of three observed polymorphisms (XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln, and XPD Lys751Gln) were examined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism based on a Chinese population consisting of 171 idiopathic azoospermia patients and 247 normal-spermatogenesis fertile controls. Associations between the polymorphisms and the idiopathic azoospermia risk were estimated by logistic regression, and the Statistical analysis system was used to test the gene-gene joint effects. All observed polymorphisms were in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The XPD 751Gln allele seemed to be a risk allele for azoospermia, with a frequency of 11.40% in the cases and 5.67% in the controls (p=0.004). Compared with the Lys/Lys genotype, the XPD 751 Lys/ increased 5.100- or 3.064-fold, respectively, when combined with the XRCC1 194 Arg/Arg or 399 Arg/Arg genotype. In conclusion, our study provided the first evidence that the XPD and XRCC1 polymorphisms contributed to the risk of developing idiopathic azoospermia in a selected Chinese population.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Aihua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Guixiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Yankai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Ningxia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Shoulin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xinru
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012307:Risk Factors; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1; C000619371:XRCC1 protein, human; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein