title: Preferential induction of transforming growth factor-beta production in gastric epithelial cells and monocytes by Helicobacter pylori soluble proteins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cytokines induced by Helicobacter pylori, as well as the intricate balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, are relevant to the outcomes of H. pylori infection. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and interleukin (IL)-10 are 2 vital anti-inflammatory cytokines that regulate mucosal immunity in various inflammatory and infectious diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  To elucidate whether host-bacteria interaction can influence TGF-beta and IL-10 production, we investigated the expression of TGF-beta and IL-10 in various mammalian cell lines preincubated with H. pylori and other enteric bacteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amount of TGF-beta protein, but not IL-10, was significantly increased after stimulation with H. pylori, but other enteric bacteria did not induce TGF- beta production. Different H. pylori strains isolated from patients with gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer and strains with cagA or vacA isogenic mutations showed similar effects on TGF-beta induction, indicating that this effect was a constitutional characteristic of H. pylori and independent of cagA and vacA status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results imply the presence of a protein factor (termed "TGF-beta-inducing protein") that induces production of TGF-beta. In view of the multiple effects of TGF-beta , we conclude the TGF-beta-inducing protein of H. pylori might mediate the immune response and contribute to the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Shiang
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jaw-Town
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ping-Ning
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Ching-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yuan-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Yi-Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Po-Ren
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hsueh
authors.forename: Kuang-Wen
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D013270:Stomach / Q000166:cytology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C074689:VacA protein, Helicobacter pylori; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori; D016753:Interleukin-10