Treatment of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic kidney disease: a review.
Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are the two leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the present pharmacologic and adverse events involved in the treatment of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in patients with CKD. Proper management of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, a common co-morbidity associated with CKD, would slow the progression of kidney disease and reduce healthcare expenditures. Awareness of potential side effects due to the medications or renal insufficiency could prevent unnecessary harm to the patient and provide cost-containment. Active involvement of all healthcare team members can reduce progression of CKD and improve quality of life outcomes in CKD patients.
Rasu
Rafia S
RS
University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Pharmacy, 4247 Health Sciences Building, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA. rasur@umkc.edu
Crawford
Tonya
T
Manley
Harold J
HJ
Balkrishnan
Rajesh
R
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000191:economics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000191:economics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents