title: Cytokine expression in pediatric subperiosteal orbital abscesses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytokines have been shown to play a key role in infectious and inflammatory processes. The purpose of the study was to characterize the pattern of cytokine expression in subperiosteal orbital abscesses associated with pediatric orbital cellulitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  All pediatric patients over a 5-month period who had orbital cellulitis and a subperiosteal abscess with an adjacent sinusitis requiring surgical drainage of the orbital abscess were given the opportunity to enroll in the study. A protein array membrane and a chemiluminescent detection system were used to identify the presence of 45 cytokines in the subperiosteal abscess fluid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four abscesses were analyzed with the protein array membrane. Of the 45 cytokines studied for this report, interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and TNF-beta were detected in all specimens. Additionally, IL-16, epidermal growth factor related protein, and soluble TNF receptor II were detected in 3 of the 4 specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pediatric orbital cellulitis with subperiosteal abscess is an inflammatory condition with a distinct pattern of cytokine expression. The detection of IL-1, IL-1 ra, IL-6, and TNF suggests that in the future these cytokines may play a role in monitoring disease activity or as potential targets for immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Selena Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Grant W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Steven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: McKinley
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Yen
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D054517:Orbital Cellulitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D010521:Periosteum; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines