title: Newspaper reporting on schizophrenia: a content analysis of five national newspapers at two time points.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to assess change in the quality of reporting of schizophrenia in UK national daily newspapers, comparing 1996 with 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five newspapers were searched using the PROQUEST database for articles published in 1996 or 2005 which contained the term 'schizo...'. 1196 articles were identified and rated against indicators of poor quality reporting. Derived from guidelines for media reporting on mental health the indicators were: metaphoric use of schizophrenia terms; use of stigmatising descriptors; use of equating descriptors; not including information putting the risk of violence into perspective in articles about violence; and use of the term 'release(d)' in articles about discharge from psychiatric hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More recent year of publication was associated with a decrease in the odds of an article using a schizophrenia term metaphorically by a factor of 0.103 (95% CI 0.014-0.776), but this masked a pattern of decreasing use in broadsheets and increasing use in tabloids. The use of equating descriptors was significantly lower in 2005 in the univariate analysis (p<0.001), but this was no longer significant (p=0.558) when confounding variables were controlled for. There was no significant change in the use of stigmatising descriptors; the non-inclusion of information putting risk of violence into perspective, nor in the use of the term 'release(d)'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is little evidence that the quality of reporting of schizophrenia has changed over time. This suggests a need for the implementation of effective measures to bring newspaper reporting in line with current guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London, SE1 OAA, United Kingdom. clemens@lsbu.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clement
authors.forename: Nena
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination / Q000379:methods; D018156:Journalism, Medical / Q000592:standards*; D009524:Newspapers as Topic / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010351:Patient Discharge; D011639:Public Opinion; D011643:Publishing / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology