title: The impact of migraine prevention on daily activities: a longitudinal and responder analysis from three topiramate placebo-controlled clinical trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Topiramate is approved for the prophylaxis (prevention) of migraine headache in adults. The most common adverse events in the three pivotal, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials were paresthesia, fatigue, cognitive impairment, anorexia, nausea, and taste alteration. In these trials, topiramate 100 mg/d significantly improved Migraine-Specific Questionnaire (MSQ) scores versus placebo (p < 0.001). The MSQ measures how much migraine limits/interrupts daily performance. Pooled analyses of pivotal trial data were conducted to further assess how topiramate 100 mg/d affects daily activities and patient functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean MSQ and Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) change scores (baseline to each double-blind assessment point) were calculated for pooled intent-to-treat (ITT) patients. Additionally, pooled ITT patients receiving topiramate 100 mg/d or placebo were combined and divided into two responder groups according to percent reduction in monthly migraine frequency: < 50% responders or >or= 50% responders. Between-group differences were assessed using analysis of covariance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 756 patients (mean age 39.8 years, 86% female), 384 received topiramate 100 mg/d and 372 placebo. Topiramate significantly improved all three MSQ domains throughout the double-blind phase versus placebo (p = 0.024 [week 8], p < 0.001 [weeks 16 and 26] for role prevention; p < 0.001 for role restriction and emotional function [all time points]). Topiramate 100 mg/d significantly improved SF-36 physical component scores (PCS) throughout the double-blind phase versus placebo (p < 0.001, all time points) and significantly improved mental component scores (MCS) at week 26 (p = 0.043). The greatest topiramate-associated improvements on SF-36 subscales were seen for bodily pain and general health perceptions (p < 0.05; weeks 8, 16, and 26), and physical functioning, vitality, role-physical, and social functioning (p < 0.05; weeks 16 and 26). Significantly greater improvements in all three MSQ domains, as well as the PCS and MCS of SF-36, were observed for >or= 50% responders versus < 50% responders (p < 0.001). Significantly greater percentages of topiramate-treated patients were >or= 50% responders versus placebo (46% versus 23%; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topiramate 100 mg/d significantly improved daily activities and patient functioning at all time points throughout the double-blind phase. Daily function and health status significantly improved for those achieving a >or= 50% migraine frequency reduction.
authors.affiliation: Gothenburg Migraine Clinic, c/o Läkarhuset, Södra vägen 27, S-41135 Gothenburg, Sweden. carl.dahlof@migraineclinic.se
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dahlöf
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Loder
authors.forename: Merle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rupnow
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D018890:Chemoprevention; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010919:Placebos; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D000077236:Topiramate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010919:Placebos; D000077236:Topiramate; D005632:Fructose