title: Electromagnetic immunity of infusion pumps to GSM mobile phones: a systematic review.
abstract: Electromagnetic interference with life-sustaining medical care devices has been reported by various groups. Previous studies have demonstrated that volumetric and syringe pumps are susceptible to false alarm buzzing and blocking, when exposed to various electromagnetic sources. The risk of electromagnetic interference depends on several factors such as the phone-emitted power, distance and carrier frequency, phone model and antenna type. The main recommendations and the relevant harmonized standard are also reported and discussed. >From the data available in literature emerges that, for distances lower than 1 m there is a non negligible risk of electromagnetic interferences, although significant differences exists in the reported minimum distances. Interference effects clinically relevant for the patients are rare. No permanent damage to the pumps has been ever reported, although in several cases intervention of personnel is required to resume normal operation.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy. giovanni.calcagnini@iss.it
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calcagnini
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Censi
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Triventi
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mattei
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bartolini
mesh_terms: D040421:Cell Phone; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000506:poisoning; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D007260:Infusion Pumps / Q000592:standards; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000295:instrumentation; D011846:Radio Waves
chemical_list: D004837:Epinephrine