title: Enhancement of the solubility and efficacy of poorly water-soluble drugs by hydrophobically-modified polysaccharide derivatives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This work was intended to develop and evaluate a new polymeric system based on amphiphilic carboxymethylpullulans (CMP(49)C(8) and CMP(12)C(8)) that can spontaneously self-assemble in aqueous solutions and efficiently solubilize hydrophobic drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The self-assembling properties of CMP(49)C(8) and CMP(12)C(8) were characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy and surface tension measurements. The solubilization of benzophenone and docetaxel was assessed from surface tension measurements, UV spectrometry and HPLC assays. The in vitro cytoxicity of CMP(49)C(8) solutions and the docetaxel commercial vehicle (Tween 80/Ethanol-water) were evaluated in the absence and in the presence of docetaxel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to CMP(12)C(8), CMP(49)C(8) in aqueous solutions appeared to self-organize into monomolecular aggregates containing hydrophobic nanodomains, and to significantly increase the apparent solubility of benzophenone. Docetaxel solubility could also be improved in the presence of CMP(49)C(8) but to a lower extent due to the surface properties of the drug. Nevertheless, in vitro, the cytotoxicity studies revealed that against cancer cells, the CMP(49)C(8)-docetaxel formulation was equipotent to the commercial docetaxel one. Furthermore, in the absence of the drug, CMP(49)C(8) appeared less cytotoxic against macrophages than the Tween 80/Ethanol-water.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CMP(49)C(8) is a good candidate for solubilizing hydrophobic drugs and could be applied to docetaxel formulations.
authors.affiliation: Physico-Chimie des Surfaces Univ Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Widad
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Henni-Silhadi
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deyme
authors.forename: Marie-Martine
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Boissonnade
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Appel
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Le Cerf
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Picton
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rosilio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000737:chemistry*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004339:Drug Compounding; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005936:Glucans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D049329:Nanostructures; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013500:Surface Tension; D043823:Taxoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D001577:Benzophenones; D005936:Glucans; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011136:Polysorbates; D012997:Solvents; D043823:Taxoids; C410955:carboxymethylpullulan; D014867:Water; D000077143:Docetaxel; D000431:Ethanol; C047723:benzophenone