title: Mycophenolate mofetil therapy for refractory inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunomodulatory drug, and its use in inflammatory bowel disease has previously been reported. The aim of this study was to review the Leeds Colitis Clinic experience of the safety and efficacy of MMF in treating patients with refractory Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). This is an extension of a previously published study from our center with a longer follow-up period and approximately twice the number of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was performed of the records of all patients treated with MMF for inflammatory bowel disease over a 5-year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 70 patients identified, 67 had previously been treated with azathioprine unsuccessfully. Seventeen of the 70 patients had been successfully maintained in remission with MMF for an average duration of 33 months. Treatment with MMF was discontinued for 53 patients, 17 because of side effects and 36 because they had not responded to the treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our series, 17 patients (24.3%) had a sustained steroid-free remission with MMF therapy. Nineteen patients (27%) experienced side effects, of which 17 (24.3% of the total group) had to discontinue therapy. An additional 36 (51.4%) required an escalation in medical therapy or surgery because of failure of the MMF therapy. MMF may have a role in the treatment of refractory inflammatory bowel disease, especially in patients who have previously failed standard therapies such as azathioprine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Leeds General Infirmary, Lees, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palaniappan
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Greer
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Chalmers
authors.forename: A T R
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Axon
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hamlin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D001379:Azathioprine