title: Tacrolimus as a steroid-sparing agent for adults with steroid-dependent minimal change nephrotic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment of adults with steroid-dependent minimal change nephrotic syndrome (SD-MCNS) can be a significant challenge. Cyclophosphamide (CYC) and cyclosporin (CYA) are often effective steroid-sparing agents. Tacrolimus (TAC) may be another treatment option.
  
  
  METHODS
  This open, prospective cohort study enrolled Chinese adults with SD-MCNS. At the start of the study, we administered TAC or intravenous CYC together with prednisone (0.5 mg/kg/day), the dose of which was tapered off throughout the study. The TAC cohort received oral TAC (target trough blood level of 4-8 ng/ml) for 24 weeks and the CYC cohort received intravenous CYC (750 mg/m(2) body surface) once every 4 weeks for 24 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six patients met the criteria for enrollment (14 patients in the CYC group and 12 patients in the TAC group). One patient from each group discontinued treatment because of a drug-related side effect. Complete remission (CR) after the 24-week therapeutic period was 76.9% (10/13) in the CYC group and 90.9% (10/11) in the TAC group. The mean time required for CR in the TAC group was significantly less than in the CYC group (P = 0.031). Eight of 13 (61.5%) patients in the CYC group and 8 of 11 (72.7%) patients in the TAC group successfully stopped steroids and changed their status from steroid dependence. Sixty percent (6/10) of the CYC patients and 50% (5/10) of the TAC patients who achieved CR maintained remission during the follow-up period of 23.0 +/- 10.1 months. Four (40%) CYC patients and five (50%) TAC patients experienced relapses, and two CYC patients experienced frequent relapses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 24-week course of TAC is a favorable steroid-sparing agent for treatment of Chinese adults with SD-MCNS. Therapy with TAC accompanied by a tapering dose of prednisolone appears to yield quicker remission than treatment with CYC together with prednisone.
authors.affiliation: Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiayu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jianghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Weiqin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xuelin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Lihui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Suya
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009402:Nephrosis, Lipoid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011336:Probability; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000503:physiopathology; D012008:Recurrence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D003404:Creatinine; D016559:Tacrolimus