title: Reactive oxygen species trigger ischemic and pharmacological postconditioning: in vivo and in vitro characterization.
abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by ischemic and pharmacological preconditioning are known to act as triggers of cardiac protection; however, the involvement of ROS in ischemic and pharmacological postconditioning (PostC) in vivo and in vitro is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that ROS are involved in PostC in the mouse heart in vivo and in the isolated adult cardiac myocyte (ACM). Mice were subjected to 30 min coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h of reperfusion with or without ischemic or pharmacologic PostC (three cycles of 20 s reperfusion/ischemia; 1.4% isoflurane; 10 mg/kg SNC-121). Additional groups were treated with 2-mercaptopropionyl glycine (MPG), a ROS scavenger, 10 min before or after the PostC stimuli. Ischemia-, isoflurane-, and SNC-121- induced PostC reduced infarct size (24.1+/-3.2, 15.7+/-2.6, 24.9+/-2.6%, p<0.05, respectively) compared to the control group (43.4+/-3.3%). These cardiac protective effects were abolished by MPG when administered before (40.0+/-3.6, 39.3+/-3.1, 38.5+/-1.6%, respectively), but not after the PostC stimuli (26.6+/-2.3, 17.0+/-2.2, 23.9+/-1.7%, respectively). Additionally, ACM were subjected to a simulated ischemia/reperfusion protocol with isoflurane and SNC PostC. Isoflurane- and SNC-induced PostC in vitro were abolished by prior treatment with MPG. These data indicate that ROS signaling is an essential trigger of ischemic and pharmacological PostC and this is occurring at the level of the cardiac myocyte.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego and VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161, USA.
authors.forename: Yasuo M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Takaakira
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Yousuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horikawa
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Hemal H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D007530:Isoflurane