title: Tenascin-W is a novel marker for activated tumor stroma in low-grade human breast cancer and influences cell behavior.
abstract: This is the first report about human tenascin-W, the fourth and final member of the extracellular matrix protein family of tenascins. Sixty-three human breast tumor extracts were analyzed by Western blotting for the presence of tenascin-W and compared with tenascin-C, an established marker of tumor stroma. Interestingly, we found tenascin-W expression in the majority of the tumor tissues, but no detectable expression in the normal mammary parenchyma. Eighty-one percent of the breast tumor samples were tenascin-W positive and 86% showed expression of tenascin-C. However, tenascin-W and tenascin-C amounts varied greatly between tumors and some contained either tenascin-W or tenascin-C exclusively, indicating independent mechanisms regulating their expression. Although there was no difference between high- or low-grade tumors with respect to the presence of tenascin-C, tenascin-W was more prominent in low-grade tumors. For 42 of the breast cancer tissues, a frozen tumor microarray was available to confirm the Western blot data by immunohistochemistry. Similar to tenascin-C, tenascin-W was detected in the tumor stroma. Fibroblasts adhered to tenascin-W in a beta(1) integrin-dependent manner and spread with a distinctive morphology under conditions where they remained round on tenascin-C. CHOB2 cells expressing alpha(v)beta(1) or alpha4beta(1) integrins were able to spread on tenascin-W. Furthermore, addition of tenascin-W to the culture medium increased migration of breast cancer cells toward a fibronectin substratum in vitro. These data imply that tenascin-W expression in the activated tumor stroma facilitates tumorigenesis by supporting the migratory behavior of breast cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Research Foundation, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Degen
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brellier
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kain
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Terracciano
authors.forename: Gertraud
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orend
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chiquet-Ehrismann
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000473:pathology; D019063:Tenascin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005353:Fibronectins; D019063:Tenascin; C000602572:tenascin-W, human