title: Systemic effects of epidural and intra-articular glucocorticoid injections in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Whereas the systemic effects of glucocorticoid therapy have been extensively reported, little is known about those of local glucocorticoid injections. The objective of this study was to look for systemic effects of local glucocorticoid injections at two sites in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 29 patients (18 women and 11 men with an age range of 18-86 years). The injection site was the epidural space in 18 patients (4 with and 14 without diabetes) with disk-related sciatica and the shoulder in 11 patients (8 with and 3 without diabetes) with frozen shoulder. Each patient was given three injections of 1.5 ml cortivazol (5.625 mg of cortivazol or about 85 mg prednisone-equivalent per injection and about 250 mg prednisone-equivalent in all), at 3-day intervals. Of the 12 patients with diabetes, 2 were on insulin therapy. At baseline and at the post-treatment visits 1, 7, and 21 days after the third injection, the following tests were done: plasma cortisol and ACTH at 8 am, urinary free cortisol excretion in 24 hours, fasting and postprandial blood glucose, serum cholesterol and triglycerides, and serum sodium and potassium. Blood pressure was measured at each visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean systolic blood pressure increased significantly between baseline (123+/-10 mmHg) and the first two post-treatment visits (day 1, 127+/-9 mmHg; and day 7, 128+/-10 mmHg) but returned to baseline values by the third post-treatment visit (day 21). Mean postprandial blood glucose was significantly higher at the day 1 post-treatment visit (10.1+/-5.4 mmol/l) than at baseline (7.5+/-2.9 mmol/l). At the day 7 post-treatment visit, blood glucose remained significantly elevated compared to baseline in the 12 diabetic patients (13.9+/-4.8 mmol/l versus 9.4+/-3.3 mmol/l at baseline). In both the overall population and the various subgroups, plasma cortisol and ACTH and urinary free cortisol were markedly reduced at the day 1 and day 7 post-treatment visits, compared to baseline. At the day 21 visit, these variables were diminished in the group given epidural injections, whereas plasma cortisol and ACTH were normal in the group treated intra-articularly. No significant variations were noted for fasting blood glucose or for serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, sodium, and potassium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of three local cortivazol injections was followed by suppression of the corticotropic axis that persisted beyond 21 days after epidural injection and recovered more rapidly after intra-articular injection. Systolic blood pressure increased transiently. Elevations in postprandial glucose levels lasted longer in diabetic than non-diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Monastir Public Health Facility, Monastir, Tunisia. mohamed.younes@rns.tn
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Younes
authors.forename: Fadoua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Neffati
authors.forename: Mongi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Touzi
authors.forename: Saoussen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hassen-Zrour
authors.forename: Yosr
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fendri
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Béjia
authors.forename: Adel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ben Amor
authors.forename: Naceur
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bergaoui
authors.forename: Mohamed Fadhel
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Najjar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007268:Injections, Epidural; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D008297:Male; D011281:Pregnatrienes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012585:Sciatica / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011281:Pregnatrienes; D014280:Triglycerides; C005924:cortivazol