title: The addition of ifosfamide/etoposide to cisplatin/teniposide improves the survival of children with retinoblastoma and orbital involvement.
abstract: This study aimed to determine the impact of the addition of ifosfamide/etoposide to a regimen containing cisplatin/teniposide on the survival of patients with retinoblastoma with orbital involvement. Thirty patients were treated at the A. C. Camargo Hospital, Brazil, from 1986 to 2002. From 1986 to April 1992 (period I, n=12), treatment consisted of 3 cycles of induction chemotherapy with cisplatin and teniposide, followed by maintenance with same drugs alternating with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and doxorubicin every 21 days for 60 weeks. Since April 1992 (period II, n=18), the treatment consisted of 3 cycles of ifosfamide and etoposide followed by maintenance with same drugs, alternating with cisplatin and teniposide every 21 days for 36 weeks. In both periods, children were submitted to exenteration with eyelid preservation and orbital radiation therapy with 45 cGy, and also received intrathecal therapy with methotrexate plus dexamethasone and cytarabine. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. The median age was 31 months. Most patients (86.7%) presented unilateral tumors. The 3-year overall survival was 34.4% and 72.2%, respectively, for patients treated during periods I and II (P=0.061). The addition of ifosfamide/etoposide to chemotherapy with cisplatin/teniposide improves survival in these patients, but further studies are still necessary.
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics Department, Centro de Tratamento e Pesquisa Hospital do Câncer A. C. Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil. cantoneli@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Célia Beatriz Gianotti
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Antoneli
authors.forename: Karina B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Galindo
authors.forename: Fernando A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Victor A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Arias
authors.forename: Paulo E R S
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Novaes
authors.forename: Martha M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chojniak
authors.forename: Márcio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malogolowkin
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015996:Survival Rate; D013713:Teniposide / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D013713:Teniposide; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide