title: The plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of erlotinib and its active metabolite (OSI-420) after intravenous administration of erlotinib in non-human primates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Erlotinib hydrochloride is a small molecule inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGFR is over-expressed in primary brain tumors and solid tumors that metastasize to the central nervous system. We evaluated the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics of erlotinib and its active metabolite OSI-420 after an intravenous (IV) dose in a non-human primate model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Erlotinib was administered as a 1 h IV infusion to four adult rhesus monkeys. Serial blood and CSF samples were drawn over 48 h and erlotinib and OSI-420 were quantified with an HPLC/tandem mass spectroscopic assay. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non-compartmental and compartmental methods. CSF penetration was calculated from the AUC(CSF):AUC(plasma).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Erlotinib disappearance from plasma after a short IV infusion was biexponential with a mean terminal half-life of 5.2 h and a mean clearance of 128 ml/min per m(2). OSI-420 exposure (AUC) in plasma was 30% (range 12-59%) of erlotinib, and OSI-420 clearance was more than 5-fold higher than erlotinib. Erlotinib and OSI-420 were detectable in CSF. The CSF penetration (AUC(CSF):AUC(plasma)) of erlotinib and OSI-420 was <5% relative to total plasma concentration, but CSF drug exposure was approximately 30% of plasma free drug exposure, which was calculated from published plasma protein binding values. The IV administration of erlotinib was well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Erlotinib and its active metabolite OSI-420 are measurable in CSF after an IV dose. The drug exposure (AUC) in the CSF is limited relative to total plasma concentrations but is substantial relative the free drug exposure in plasma.
authors.affiliation: Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA. hmeany@cnmc.org
authors.forename: Holly J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Meany
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McCully
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Balis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: C487471:OSI-420; D011799:Quinazolines; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride