Improvement by minocycline of methamphetamine-induced impairment of recognition memory in mice.
BACKGROUND
Cognitive deficits are a core feature of patients with schizophrenia and methamphetamine (METH) psychosis. We have recently found that repeated METH treatment (1 mg/kg, s.c.) in mice, which induces behavioral sensitization, impairs long-term recognition memory in a novel object recognition test (NORT) and that the impairment is ameliorated by clozapine, but not haloperidol. Recent studies indicate that minocycline, a second-generation tetracycline, has potent neuroprotective effects in various animal models of neurological diseases.


OBJECTIVE
In the present study, we investigated the effect of minocycline on learning and memory in the NORT and behavioral sensitization in mice that had been administered METH for 7 days.


RESULTS
When minocycline (20-40 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally once a day for seven consecutive days to mice that had previously been treated with METH for 7 days, it ameliorated the METH-induced impairment of recognition memory in a dose-dependent manner, although the same treatment with minocycline had no effect on behavioral sensitization to METH. The administration of minocycline, together with METH, inhibited the development of METH-induced behavioral sensitization. The improvement in memory caused by minocycline was associated with an amelioration of the novelty-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in the prefrontal cortex of METH-treated mice.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that minocycline is useful for the treatment of cognitive deficits in patients with METH psychosis or schizophrenia.
Mizoguchi
Hiroyuki
H
Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
Takuma
Kazuhiro
K
Fukakusa
Ayumi
A
Ito
Yukio
Y
Nakatani
Akiko
A
Ibi
Daisuke
D
Kim
Hyoung-Chun
HC
Yamada
Kiyofumi
K
D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D003024:Clozapine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008911:Minocycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D008694:Methamphetamine; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D008911:Minocycline; D003024:Clozapine; D006220:Haloperidol