title: Deliberate termination of life of newborns with spina bifida, a critical reappraisal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Deliberate termination of life of newborns (involuntary euthanasia) with meningomyelocele (MMC) is practiced openly only in The Netherlands. 'Unbearable and hopeless suffering' is the single most cited criterion for this termination, together with the notion that 'there are no other proper medical means to alleviate this suffering'. In this paper, both (and other) statements are questioned, also by putting them in a broader perspective.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, a historical overview of the treatment of newborns with MMC is presented, concentrating on the question of selection for treatment. Second, a thorough analysis is made of the criteria used for life termination. Third, a case of a newborn with a very severe MMC is presented as a 'reference case'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  'Unbearable and hopeless suffering' cannot be applied to newborns with MMC. They are not 'terminally ill' and do have 'prospects of a future'. In these end-of-life decisions, 'quality of life judgments' should not be applied. When such a newborn is not treated, modern palliative care always will suffice in eliminating possible discomfort. There is no reason whatsoever for active life-termination of these newborns.
authors.affiliation: Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Centre, P.O.Box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. t.h.r.dejong@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: T H Rob
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: de Jong
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D028601:Euthanasia, Active / Q000941:ethics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D011788:Quality of Life; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000628:therapy*