title: Measures to reduce pesticide spray drift in a small aquatic ecosystem in vineyard estate.
abstract: A field experiment is reported to ascertain the drift of two pesticides (chlorpyrifos and metalaxyl) in a vineyard in Italian climatic conditions and the effect of mitigation measures, such as buffer zones and tree rows, on pesticide drift contamination in a small aquatic system located inside the field. Results indicated that, in typical Italian agricultural conditions, spray drift in vineyards occurs at a distance of more than 24 m and adequate buffer zones are required to protect surface water bodies from direct contamination. The presence of tree rows in front of the water body inside the agricultural field, against the main wind direction, resulted in a very high reduction of the spray drift and of the ecotoxicological risk for aquatic ecosystem. In addition, a comparison between the data obtained in the experiment and the Drift Calculator procedure showed that the model failed when the procedure is used for short distances. However, concordance was found in terms of maximum drift distances.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali e delle Produzioni Vegetali- Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 ANCONA - Italy. c.vischetti@univpm.it
authors.forename: Costantino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vischetti
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cardinali
authors.forename: Elga
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monaci
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nicelli
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trevisan
authors.forename: Ettore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Capri
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000592:standards; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000409:Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D017753:Ecosystem; D007558:Italy; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014919:Wind
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; C028175:metalaxyl; D004390:Chlorpyrifos; D000409:Alanine