title: Evolution of hepatitis B serological markers in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evolution of serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriage or infection has rarely been investigated among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
  
  
  METHODS
  During the period 1997-2002, a total of 633 HIV-infected patients were tested for HBV serological markers at baseline, including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs ), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody (anti-HCV) antibody, HCV RNA level, and HBV DNA level, all of which were retested at least 1 year apart. Medical records were reviewed to identify clinical characteristics associated with evolution of these serological markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median duration of follow-up for 4.96 years, 161 patients (25.4%) had changes in HBV serological markers. Of 119 patients (18.8%) who tested positive for HBsAg at baseline, 6 (5.0%) developed anti-HBs, and 9 (7.6%) developed isolated anti-HBc. Of 270 patients (42.7%) who tested positive for anti-HBs, 18 (6.7%) lost anti-HBs. Of 179 patients (28.3%) in whom isolated anti-HBc had been detected, 73 (40.8%) developed anti-HBs, 18 (10.1%) lost all HBV markers, and 7 (3.9%) developed HBsAg. Of 65 patients (10.2%) who tested negative for all HBV markers, 13 (20%) developed anti-HBs, 13 (20%) developed isolated anti-HBc, and 4 (6.2%) developed HBsAg, indicating a high risk of HBV exposure. Patients in whom anti-HBc was detected at baseline were more likely to have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (P=.008). Multivariate analysis revealed that an increase in the CD4 cell count after the commencement of HAART was significantly associated with persistence or subsequent development of anti-HBs in patients with anti-HBs or anti-HBc at baseline, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periodic measurements of HBV serological markers in HIV-infected patients are recommended, because new HBV infections and changes of HBV serological markers are not uncommon in patients with improved immunity after commencement of HAART.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wang-Huei
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: Jia-Horng
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Pei-Jer
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Li-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Sui-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hsin-Yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Chien-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Mao-Yuan
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shan-Chwen
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012698:Serologic Tests
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D012367:RNA, Viral