title: A simulation of gas-based, endometrial-ablation therapy.
abstract: The method of numerical simulation has been employed to evaluate the use of a gas as a heating medium for endometrial ablation for the treatment of menorrhagia and uterine fibroids. The simulations encompassed fluid flow and heat transfer within the gaseous medium which serves to heat the uterine lining and the coupled heat conduction in the uterine tissue. For the case study featured here, helium at a temperature of 140 degrees C was employed as the heating medium. A total therapy duration of 6 min was modeled. The outcome of the simulation has provided quantitative information about the detailed necrosis depths that can be attained by the application of the therapy. In particular, necrosis depths on the order of 5 mm were achieved. It was also shown that by making use of a tailored pattern of fluid flow within the uterine cavity, particular zones on the uterine lining such as fibroids can be selectively targeted. Furthermore, the duration of the therapy needed to achieve a desired degree of necrosis can be predicted in advance. The advantages of a gas-based therapy relative to a liquid-based therapy are identified. Significant among these is the capability of the gas-based therapy to target specific zones which require treatment, while sparing healthy tissue. Another significant advantage of gas-based therapy is that it enables the use of higher temperatures which, in turn, allows the therapeutic process to be performed in a shorter time duration.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Practice, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0111, USA.
authors.forename: Ephraim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sparrow
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abraham
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005740:Gases / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D005740:Gases