title: Tobacco smoke-induced left ventricular remodelling is not associated with metalloproteinase-2 or -9 activation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cardiac remodelling induced by tobacco smoke exposure in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were allocated into two groups: C (n=9): control animals; ETS (n=9): exposed to tobacco smoke. After 4months, the animals underwent echocardiography, morphometric study and determination of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ETS rats had larger diastolic (C=15.6 +/-1.2 mm/kg, ETS=18.0+/-0.9 mm/kg; p < 0.001) and systolic (C=7.3+/-1.2 mm/kg, ETS=9.2+/-0.9 mm/kg; p=0.001) ventricular diameters adjusted for body weight. Fractional shortening (C=53+/-4.8%, ETS=48+/- 3.3%; p=0.031) and ejection fraction (C=0.89+/-0.03, ETS=0.86+/-0.02; p=0.030) were smaller in the ETS group. Myocyte cross-sectional area (C=245+/-8 microm2, ETS=253+/-8 microm2; p=0.028) was higher in ETS rats. There were no differences in MMP-2 (C=50+/-14%; ETS=43+/-11%, p=0.228) or MMP-9 (C=0.36+/-0.3%; ETS=0.62+/-0.3%, p=0.630) activity between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMP-2 and MMP-9 did not participate in the remodelling process induced by tobacco smoke exposure.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castardeli
authors.forename: Daniella R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Marcos F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Minicucci
authors.forename: Paula S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: Beatriz B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Luiz S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Alvaro O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Campana
authors.forename: Sergio A R
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Paiva
authors.forename: Leonardo A M
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Zornoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004452:Echocardiography; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000201:enzymology*; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9