title: Lowering obstacles to HIV prevention services: effects of a brief, telephone-based intervention using motivational enhancement therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brief and low-burden HIV risk reduction counseling interventions are needed for populations at greatest risk for HIV infection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This randomized controlled trial tested a brief theory-based counseling intervention delivered entirely over the telephone for men who engage in unprotected intercourse with men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants received either risk reduction counseling that included information, motivational enhancement and behavior skills building, or brief HIV education counseling. A total of 319 participants completed follow-up assessments over a 10-month period. Descriptive and random effects mixed models are used to evaluate findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results demonstrate that a brief telephone intervention can reach and engage high-risk men in risk reduction counseling. Nearly one third of participants identified as men of color; the median age was 33 years. Participants in both counseling conditions increased their motivation and behavioral skills to practice safer sex and reduced their number of sex partners and frequencies of engaging in unprotected anal sex over the study observation period. However, there were few differences between intervention conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects of repeated measurement reactivity and brief interpersonal consciousness raising may account for the lack of differences between counseling conditions and the decrease in risk for all participants over time.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle 98105, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Picciano
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Roffman
authors.forename: Seth C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kalichman
authors.forename: Denise D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003159:Community-Institutional Relations; D003376:Counseling; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000523:psychology; D006266:Health Education; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D015277:Hotlines; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D009922:Oregon; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology