title: The heat shock protein HSP70 promotes mouse NK cell activity against tumors that express inducible NKG2D ligands.
abstract: The stress-inducible heat shock protein (HSP) 70 is known to function as an endogenous danger signal that can increase the immunogenicity of tumors and induce CTL responses. We show in this study that HSP70 also activates mouse NK cells that recognize stress-inducible NKG2D ligands on tumor cells. Tumor size and the rate of metastases derived from HSP70-overexpressing human melanoma cells were found to be reduced in T and B cell-deficient SCID mice, but not in SCID/beige mice that lack additionally functional NK cells. In the SCID mice with HSP70-overexpressing tumors, NK cells were activated so that they killed ex vivo tumor cells that expressed NKG2D ligands. In the tumors, the MHC class I chain-related (MIC) A and B molecules were found to be expressed. Interestingly, a counter selection was observed against the expression of MICA/B in HSP70-overexpressing tumors compared with control tumors in SCID, but not in SCID/beige mice, suggesting a functional relevance of MICA/B expression. The melanoma cells were found to release exosomes. HSP70-positive exosomes from the HSP70-overexpressing cells, in contrast to HSP70-negative exosomes from the control cells, were able to activate mouse NK cells in vitro to kill YAC-1 cells, which express NKG2D ligands constitutively, or the human melanoma cells, in which MICA/B expression was induced. Thus, HSP70 and inducible NKG2D ligands synergistically promote the activation of mouse NK cells resulting in a reduced tumor growth and suppression of metastatic disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Elsner
authors.forename: Vijayakumar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Muppala
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gehrmann
authors.forename: Jingky
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.forename: Dörthe
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malzahn
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bickeböller
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zientkowska
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Frauke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Multhoff
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dressel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D008024:Ligands; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D016513:Mice, SCID; D055655:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D055607:Receptors, Natural Killer Cell
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; C527085:KLRK1 protein, human; C527086:Klrk1 protein, mouse; D008024:Ligands; D055655:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D055607:Receptors, Natural Killer Cell