title: Inverted papilloma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the treatment and outcomes of inverted papilloma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of the pertinent literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inverted papilloma is a benign, locally aggressive neoplasm that arises in the nasal cavity and is associated with squamous cell carcinoma in approximately 5% of patients. Squamous cell carcinoma may be present with inverted papilloma at the initial diagnosis or it may occur metachronously after prior treatment. Surgery is the primary treatment of inverted papilloma. The likelihood of local recurrence varies from less than 5% to over 50%, depending on the extent of resection. There is likely no significant difference in the risk of local recurrence after open compared with endoscopic resection. The probability of local recurrence and/or death from tumor is increased if inverted papilloma is associated with squamous cell carcinoma. The likelihood of cure is approximately 50% when malignancy is present and postoperative radiotherapy should be considered for the majority of patients. A small subset of patients with inverted papilloma present with incompletely resectable disease. Definitive radiotherapy using doses between 65 and 70 Gy will locally control gross disease in the majority of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preferred treatment of inverted papilloma is surgery; postoperative radiotherapy is added if it is associated with squamous cell carcinoma. The likelihood of local recurrence after surgery for inverted papilloma may be substantial and varies with the extent of resection. Definitive radiotherapy may be used to successfully treat patients with incompletely resectable inverted papilloma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA. mendewil@shands.ufl.edu
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Mendenhall
authors.forename: Russell W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hinerman
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Malyapa
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Werning
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Amdur
authors.forename: Douglas B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Villaret
authors.forename: Nancy P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Mendenhall
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D010212:Papilloma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome