title: Chemotherapy-induced nausea, vomiting, and fatigue--the role of individual differences related to sensory perception and autonomic reactivity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In spite of antiemetics, postchemotherapy side effects continue to be common and may affect compliance to cancer treatment. Among the known factors associated with increased symptom severity are: younger age, treatment toxicity, expected severity, and distress, but little is still known about the role of other factors. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of individual differences related to sensory perception for posttreatment side effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hundred and twenty-five women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer completed measures of absorption, autonomic perception, somatosensory amplification, trait anxiety, and expected severity at baseline. Pretreatment distress and posttreatment nausea, vomiting, and fatigue were assessed at the 1st, 4th, 6th and last cycles of chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While univariate analyses showed several factors to be associated with side effects, only absorption and pretreatment distress remained independent predictors of nausea and fatigue when controlling for the remaining factors. Posttreatment vomiting was only predicted by expected severity of vomiting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemotherapy-induced side effects are related to increased autonomic nervous system activity, and absorption has been associated with increased autonomic nervous system reactivity to stress. The results suggest that individuals with high absorption may be at greater risk for developing side effects. Improved precision in identifying patients at risk of experiencing more severe side effects after cancer treatment will increase the ability to target treatments aimed at reducing these side effects.
authors.affiliation: Psychooncology Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Psychology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark. bzach@as.aaa.dk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zachariae
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mehlsen
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: von der Maase
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001364:Awareness / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001682:Biological Availability; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005221:Fatigue / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012307:Risk Factors; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012803:Sick Role; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D005472:Fluorouracil; D008727:Methotrexate