title: Cyclooxygenase-2 expression correlates with phaeochromocytoma malignancy: evidence for a Bcl-2-dependent mechanism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Phaeochromocytomas are rare but potentially life-threatening neuroendocrine tumours of the adrenal medulla or sympathetic nervous system ganglia. There are no histological features which reliably differentiate benign from malignant phaeochromocytomas. The aim of the study was to evaluate cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and Bcl-2 as tissue-based biomarkers of phaeochromocytoma prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  COX-2 and Bcl-2 expression were examined immunohistochemically in tissue from 41 sporadic phaeochromocytoma patients followed up for a minimum of 5 years after diagnosis. There was a statistically significant association between COX-2 histoscore (intensity x proportion) and the development of tumour recurrence or metastases (P = 0.006). A significant relationship was observed between coexpression of COX-2 and Bcl-2 in the primary tumour and the presence of recurrent disease (P = 0.034). A highly significant association was observed between (i) tumour-associated expression of these two oncoproteins (P = 0.001) and (ii) COX-2 histoscore and the presence of Bcl-2 expression (P = 0.002). COX regression analysis demonstrated no significant relationship between (i) the presence or absence of either COX-2 or Bcl-2 and patient survival or (ii) COX-2 histoscore and patient survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COX-2 and Bcl-2 may promote phaeochromocytoma malignancy, and these oncoproteins may be valuable surrogate markers of an aggressive tumour phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Cadden
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pogue
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McCance
authors.forename: J E S
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ardill
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McGinty
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2