title: Juvenile rheumatic mitral stenosis with multiple ventricular septal defects.
abstract: Congenital heart disease is related to events occurring in the embryonal stage, while rheumatic heart disease is a sequela of immune-mediated damage following streptococcal infection. We report an unusual association of multiple ventricular septal defects and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension with rheumatic mitral stenosis in a 7-year-old girl. This case highlights the need for careful examination for coexisting rheumatic disease in late presentations of congenital heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Apollo Heart Institute, Waltair Main Road, Visakhapatnam 530002, Andhra Pradesh, India. csaikrishna@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Cheemalapati
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sai Krishna
authors.forename: Vedangi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramesh Babu
authors.forename: Kanteti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ram Mohan
authors.forename: Dibya K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Baruah
authors.forename: Palli V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Naresh Kumar
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography