title: Protein phosphatase 1 binds to the RNA recognition motif of several splicing factors and regulates alternative pre-mRNA processing.
abstract: Alternative splicing emerges as one of the most important mechanisms to generate transcript diversity. It is regulated by the formation of protein complexes on pre-mRNA. We demonstrate that protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) binds to the splicing factor transformer2-beta1 (tra2-beta1) via a phylogenetically conserved RVDF sequence located on the RNA recognition motif (RRM) of tra2-beta1. PP1 binds directly to tra2-beta1 and dephosphorylates it, which regulates the interaction between tra2-beta1 and other proteins. Eight other proteins, including SF2/ASF and SRp30c, contain an evolutionary conserved PP1 docking motif in the beta-4 strand of their RRMs indicating that binding to PP1 is a new function of some RRMs. Reducing PP1 activity promotes usage of numerous alternative exons, demonstrating a role of PP1 activity in splice site selection. PP1 inhibition promotes inclusion of the survival of motoneuron 2 exon 7 in a mouse model expressing the human gene. This suggests that reducing PP1 activity could be a new therapeutic principle to treat spinal muscular atrophy and other diseases caused by missplicing events. Our data indicate that the binding of PP1 to evolutionary conserved motifs in several RRMs is the link between known signal transduction pathways regulating PP1 activity and pre-mRNA processing.
authors.affiliation: University of Erlangen, Institute for Biochemistry, Germany.
authors.forename: Tatyana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Novoyatleva
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: Yesheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Natalya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Benderska
authors.forename: Matthew E R
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Butchbach
authors.forename: Christian L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lorson
authors.forename: Monique A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lorson
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ben-Dov
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fehlbaum
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bracco
authors.forename: Arthur H M
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Burghes
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bollen
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stamm
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005091:Exons; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012322:RNA Precursors / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055532:SMN Complex Proteins; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D000068103:Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D017931:DNA Primers; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012322:RNA Precursors; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D055532:SMN Complex Proteins; C097083:TRA2B protein, human; D000068103:Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1