title: Excretion of starch and esterified short-chain fatty acids by ileostomy subjects after the ingestion of acylated starches.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have a role in maintaining bowel health and can assist in the prevention and treatment of colonic disease. The ability of acylated starches to deliver SCFAs to the large bowel has been shown in animal studies but has not been established in humans.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to determine whether cooked, highly acylated starches were resistant to small intestinal digestion in ileostomy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteers consumed single doses of custards containing 20 g cooked acetylated, propionylated, or butyrylated high-amylose maize starches (HAMSA, HAMSP, and HAMSB, respectively) on each collection day. The amounts of starch and of esterified SCFAs ingested and subsequently excreted in the stoma effluent were measured. Custards containing unacylated high-amylose maize starch (Hylon VII, HAMS) and low-amylose maize starch (3401C, LAMS) were consumed as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 73% and 76% of the esterified SCFAs survived small intestinal digestion, which showed the potential of acylated starches to deliver specific SCFAs to the large bowel. The resistance of starches to small intestinal digestion as measured by ileal excretion was significantly greater for HAMSA, HAMSP, HAMSB, and HAMS than for LAMS (P < 0.001). The concentration of acetate in stoma digesta was higher than expected in all groups; this additional acid may have been derived from endogenous sources.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acylated starches are a potentially effective method of delivering significant quantities of specific SCFAs to the colon in humans. These products have potential application in the treatment and prevention of bowel disorders amenable to modulation by SCFAs.
authors.affiliation: Preventative Health Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Human Nutrition (a Centre of Food Science Australia), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. julie.clarke@csiro.au
authors.forename: Julie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Anthony R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Topping
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cobiac
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000688:Amylose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001682:Biological Availability; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D004951:Esterification; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007081:Ileostomy; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007420:Intestine, Large / Q000378:metabolism*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D013213:Starch; D000688:Amylose