title: Advanced glycation endproducts influence the mRNA expression of RAGE, RANKL and various osteoblastic genes in human osteoblasts.
abstract: Glycation reactions resulting in the generation and accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are potential mechanisms by which bone protein may be altered in vivo. AGEs accumulate in the bone increasingly with age come into close contact with osteoblasts or osteoclasts. The direct effect of AGEs on bone cells has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to examine whether glycated bovine serum albumin (AGE - BSA) as an AGE modulate the mRNA expression of various genes in primary human osteoblast cultures. The following parameters were included: RAGE (receptor for AGEs), alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osterix and RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand). Primary human osteoblast cultures were obtained from bone specimens of six patients with osteoarthrosis. Human osteoblasts were treated in AGE - BSA or control-BSA (non-glycated BSA) containing medium (5 mg/ml each) over a time course of seven days. After RT-PCR the mRNA expression was measured by real-time PCR. Related to control - BSA exposure, the mRNA expression of RAGE, RANKL and osterix increased during AGE - BSA treament. For alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin a tendency of down-regulation was found. In summary, the study presents evidence that advanced glycation end products accumulated in bone alter osteoblasts by activation the AGE - RAGE pathway (RAGE mRNA up-regulation), inducing enhanced osteoclastogenesis (RANKL mRNA up-regulation) and impaired matrix mineralization (down-regulation of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin mRNA). Thus, AGEs may play a functional role in the development of bone diseases (e.g. osteoporosis).
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany. sybille.franke@med.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: Sybille
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Heide
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Siggelkow
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hein
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017931:DNA Primers; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D053245:RANK Ligand; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor; C478163:SP7 protein, human; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase