title: Detection of muscarinic receptor subtypes in human urinary bladder mucosa: age and gender-dependent modifications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Muscarinic receptor subtypes expressed in the human urinary bladder mucosa were characterized, investigating whether there were gender-dependent differences and if aging could induce changes in their expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out on 34 subjects, 22 men and 12 women, divided in four groups, based on gender and age. Gene expression was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. The Western blot was performed using the 4-12% NuPAGE Bis-Tris Gel System.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The molecular expression of each subtype of the M(1) receptor family was observed and it was not influenced either by gender or age. M(2) receptor family transcripts revealed that both M(2) and M(4) were detected and that the M(2) transcripts were modified by both gender and age. Indeed, M(2) mRNA was lower in old rather than adult men (P < 0.05), but higher in rather old than adult women (P < 0.05). Further, adult men expressed more M(2) mRNA than adult women (P < 0.05), while the opposite was detected in old age (P < 0.05). The Western blot followed by quantification confirmed that the mRNAs were translated into proteins, and that the M(2) subtype showed similar modifications found at molecular level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The selective modification of M(2) receptors observed at the urinary bladder mucosa levels indicates that this anatomical structure could play an active role in the pathophysiology of micturition and supports evidence suggesting an effect of antimuscarinic drugs at this level. Whether these results may influence the age-dependent development of micturition disorders remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. sigala@med.unibs.it
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arrighi
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bodei
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peroni
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mirabella
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zani
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simeone
authors.forename: Sergio Cosciani
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cunico
authors.forename: PierFranco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spano
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sigala
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D012313:RNA