title: Associations between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and both stroke and coronary heart disease in the Asia Pacific region.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and coronary heart disease (CHD) is well established. Questions remain about the association between HDL cholesterol and stroke, particularly for stroke subtypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cox survival models were applied to individual participant data from 25 cohort studies (about 80 000 subjects), with a median of 6.8 years follow-up. After adjustment for age and regression dilution, hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for a 1 standard deviation (SD) lower level of HDL cholesterol (0.4 mmol/L) were: for CHD events, 1.39 (1.22-1.57); for ischaemic stroke, 0.90 (0.75-1.07), and for haemorrhagic stroke, 0.89 (0.74-1.07). As total cholesterol (TC) increased relative to HDL cholesterol, the risk of CHD increased, the risk of ischaemic stroke was unchanged but the risk of haemorrhagic stroke decreased. A 1 SD increase in TC/HDL cholesterol (1.63 units) was associated with a 27% decrease in the risk of haemorrhagic stroke (95% confidence interval, 7-44%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is clear evidence of potential benefit for CHD of increases in HDL cholesterol and decreases in TC relative to HDL cholesterol, but no evidence of an association between either HDL cholesterol or TC/HDL cholesterol and ischaemic stroke. Increasing HDL cholesterol relative to TC may increase the risk of haemorrhagic stroke.
authors.affiliation: mwoodward@george.org.au
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barzi
authors.forename: Valery
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Feigin
authors.forename: Dongfeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huxley
authors.forename: Koshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Anushka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jamrozik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001210:Asia, Southeastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005202:Asia, Eastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL