title: Electromyographic activities during isometric contraction of interphalangeal joint extensors of the finger.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate which hand muscles were used for interphalangeal joint (IP) extension when holding the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) in 90 degrees flexion, 0 degrees, and full hyperextension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen volunteers extended IP when MCP was manually maintained in 90 degrees flexion, 0 degrees, and full hyperextension for 5 seconds with and without maximal manual resistance twice each. Maximal resistance was ensured and maintained manually by the actions of both researcher and subject. By using needle electromyography, the root mean square (RMS) * values representing the muscle function of the extensor digitorum communis (EDC), lumbrical, and interosseous muscles of the middle fingers of the dominant hands were recorded and averaged from the two tests conducted on each subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 87% of the subjects, EDC had the highest RMS value in 90 degrees MCP flexion without resistance, and in 100% of them, it had the highest value in both 90 degrees MCP flexion and 0 degrees with resistance. There were no clear differences between the three muscles when extended in all other positions. When the same muscles were compared, it was found that EDC had the highest value in 90 degrees MCP flexion, especially without resistance. Its RMS values were significantly increased when the resistance was applied in all positions. It was also found that the lumbrical and interosseous muscles had the highest RMS values in full hyperextension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EDC had the highest muscle activity for IP extension in 90 degress MCP flexion, especially when the resistance was applied. However, the activities among the three muscles could not be clearly differentiated when extended in other positions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University. Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. rawle@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Wannapa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lertprapamongkol
authors.forename: Rachawan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suksathien
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005384:Finger Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008662:Metacarpophalangeal Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*