title: Advances in cytokinin signaling.
abstract: Cytokinins are essential plant hormones that control various processes in plants' development and response to external stimuli. The Arabidopsis cytokinin signal transduction pathway involves hybrid histidine protein kinase sensors, phosphotransfer proteins, and regulators as transcription activators and repressors in a phosphorelay system. Each step is executed by components encoded by multigene families. Recent findings have revealed new functions, new feedback loops, and connections to other signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Jen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sheen
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003583:Cytokinins / Q000378:metabolism*; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D017343:Genes, Plant; D000071677:Histidine Kinase; D008954:Models, Biological; D005810:Multigene Family; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000254:growth & development; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003583:Cytokinins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D011494:Protein Kinases; D000071677:Histidine Kinase