title: Clinical assessment of primary stability of endosseous implants placed in the incisor region, using resonance frequency analysis methodology: an in vivo study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of immediate loading on the primary stability of endosseous implants placed in the anterior incisor region by mapping the stability, using resonance frequency analysis, over a period of time.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of eight implants (Zimmer Screw-Vent) were placed in four patients. The Osstell resonance frequency analyzer was used to determine the primary stability at baseline (day 1), 15 th day, 30 th day, 60 th day, and 90 th day for each of the eight implants. Analysis of data was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science; version 4.0.1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All implants showed adequate initial stability at baseline with an ISQ > 50. Implant nos. 1, 3, 4, 7, and 8 showed a high initial stability at baseline (ISQ > 65), following which a decrease in the stability was recorded during the 15 th day, 30 th day, and 60 th day. By the 90 th day, the stability values were nearly equivalent to those obtained at baseline. The highest mean stability value was recorded on the day of implant placement. The lowest mean stability recording was obtained on the 30 th day after implant osteotomy. By the 90 th day, the mean stability value was nearly equivalent to that obtained at baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that immediate loading of implants placed in the maxillary and mandibular incisor region does not seem to have an adverse effect on the osseointegration of implants, which achieved a high primary stability. The use of the resonance frequency analyzer as a tool to monitor the variation in the stability of the implants over a period of time has been validated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Meenakshiammal Dental College, Chennai, India. ramkris321@gmail.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramakrishna
authors.forename: Sanjna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nayar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000295:instrumentation; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D008334:Mandible / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D018583:Pliability; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014159:Transducers