title: Effects of dietary composition on postprandial endothelial function and adiponectin concentrations in healthy humans: a crossover controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abnormalities during the postprandial state contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Reportedly, postprandial hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperlipacidemia independently cause postprandial cytokine activation. However, it is not clear which dietary composition preferentially affects postprandial endothelial function in healthy subjects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to examine the associations of dietary composition and postprandial endothelial function in healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of a single ingestion of a high-carbohydrate meal (300 kcal, 100% carbohydrate), a high-fat meal (30 g fat/m(2), 35% fat), or a standard test meal (478 kcal; 16.4% protein, 32.7% fat, 50.4% carbohydrate) on postprandial plasma concentrations of adiponectin and forearm blood flow (FBF) during reactive hyperemia were studied in healthy subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The peak FBF response and the total reactive hyperemic flow (flow debt repayment; FDR), indexes of resistance artery endothelial function, were unchanged after ingestion of a high-carbohydrate and standard test meal but decreased 120 and 240 min after a high-fat meal. After a high-fat meal, decreases in peak FBF and FDR were well correlated with an increase in plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations but not with the other biochemical variables, including triacylglycerol, insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and adiponectin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postprandial endothelial function was impaired only after the high-fat diet and not after the high-carbohydrate or standard test meal in healthy subjects. Because such endothelial dysfunction after a high-fat meal was closely correlated with FFA concentrations, postprandial state could be hazardous, mostly through acute hyperlipacidemia in healthy subjects.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. mshimabukuro-ur@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimabukuro
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chinen
authors.forename: Namio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Higa
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takasu
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamakawa
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueda
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified