Is passive smoking associated with sleep disturbance among pregnant women?
OBJECTIVE
Pregnant women suffer from sleep disturbance, which may be aggravated by passive smoking. In this study we investigated the effects of passive smoking on sleep disturbance during pregnancy.


METHODS
Two cross-sectional questionnaire surveys conducted in 2002 and 2006.


METHODS
Clinical institutions specializing in obstetrics and gynecology that participated in the nationwide surveys: 260 in the 2002 survey and 344 in the 2006 survey.


METHODS
16,396 and 19,386 pregnant women in Japan surveyed in 2002 and 2006, respectively.


METHODS
N/A.


RESULTS
Pregnant women exposed to passive smoking were likely to have sleep disturbances, such as subjective insufficient sleep, difficulty in initiating sleep, short sleep duration, and snoring loudly/breathing uncomfortably. Smoking pregnant women had the same sleep disturbances and also experienced excessive daytime sleepiness and early morning awakening. The prevalence of 5 types of sleep disturbance (insufficient sleep, difficulty in initiating sleep, short sleep duration, excessive daytime sleepiness, and snoring loudly/breathing uncomfortably) among nonsmokers with environmental tobacco smoke showed a mean value intermediate between that of active smokers and that of nonsmokers without environmental tobacco smoke.


CONCLUSIONS
Passive smoking is independently associated with increased sleep disturbance during pregnancy.
Ohida
Takashi
T
Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan. tohida@med.nihon-u.ac.jp
Kaneita
Yoshitaka
Y
Osaki
Yoneatsu
Y
Harano
Satoru
S
Tanihata
Takeo
T
Takemura
Shinji
S
Wada
Kiyoshi
K
Kanda
Hideyuki
H
Hayashi
Kenji
K
Uchiyama
Makoto
M
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000453:epidemiology; D020920:Dyssomnias / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D017286:Polysomnography; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012913:Snoring / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016387:Women's Health
D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution