title: Ontogeny of human hepatic cytochromes P450.
abstract: Significant changes in drug-metabolizing enzyme (DME) expression occur during ontogeny. Such changes can have a profound effect on therapeutic efficacy in the fetus and child, as well as the risk for adverse drug reactions. To gain a better understanding of DME ontogeny, enzyme contents for six key cytochromes P450 were measured in 240 human liver samples representing ages from 8 weeks gestation to 18 years. Where possible, both quantitative western blotting and activity assays with probe substrates were performed. Although oversimplified, the DME can be grouped into one of three categories. As typified by CYP3A7, some enzymes are expressed at their highest level during the first trimester and either remain at high concentrations or decrease during gestation and are silenced or expressed at low levels within 1-2 years after birth. These data cause one to query whether these enzymes have an important endogenous function. Representatives of a second group, CYP3A5 and CYP2C19, are expressed at relatively constant levels throughout gestation. Postnatal increases in CYP2C19 are observed within the first year, but not for CYP3A5. CYP2C9, 2E1, and 3A4 are more typical of a third group of enzymes that are not expressed or are expressed at low levels in the fetus with the onset of expression generally in either the second or third trimester. Substantial increases in expression are observed within the first 1-2 years after birth; however, considerable interindividual variability is observed in the immediate postnatal (1-6 months) onset or increase in expression of these enzymes, often resulting in a window of hypervariability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Hospital and Health Systems, Milwaukee, WI 53226-4801, USA. rhines@mcw.edu
authors.forename: Ronald N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Hines
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / Q000032:analysis; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; C510164:CYP3A5 protein, human; C103123:CYP3A7 protein, human; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human