title: Colonoscopy-induced splenic injury: report of 3 cases and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since its first report in 1974, 66 cases of splenic injury after colonoscopy have been reported in the world literature. Splenic injury is among the rarest complications of colonoscopy. However, it can be associated with severe morbidity and has rarely been fatal.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Three cases of splenic injury following colonoscopy are described, and the world literature is reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case reports and literature review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-six percent of the patients were females. When reported, colonoscope insertion was technically difficult in 36% of cases. The onset of symptoms is usually within 48 h of colonoscopy. Abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom (93% of cases). CT scan and ultrasound each had 100% diagnostic sensitivity when performed. Twenty of 65 cases (31%) with available data were successfully managed supportively with bed rest, transfusion and pain control. Hemodynamic instability was associated with surgical treatment, but no clinical features were perfect predictors of successful conservative therapy or the need for surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Splenic injury during and after colonoscopy is more common in women. Technically difficult colonoscopy is a possible risk factor. Onset of symptoms is often delayed by hours. CT scan is probably the best diagnostic test for splenic injury after colonoscopy, though the literature indicated ultrasound is also sensitive. Patients with hemodynamic instability are most often operated. Patients with confined intrasplenic hematoma and hemodynamic stability can be given a trial of conservative management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 550 N. University Boulevard UH 4100, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Abdo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: Douglas K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Rex
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D022125:Lacerations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013154:Spleen / Q000293:injuries*; D013158:Splenic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy