title: Computer-aided ultrasonography (HistoScanning): a novel technology for locating and characterizing prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the extent to which prostate HistoScanning (PHS), a new ultrasound-based technology that uses computer-aided analysis to quantify tissue disorganization induced by malignant processes, can identify and characterize foci of prostate cancer compared with step-sectioned radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 2004 and February 2006, 29 men had PHS before their scheduled RP. A three-dimensional ultrasound raw-data file was acquired, and PHS analysed regions of interest (ROI) corresponding to tissue volumes of approximately 0.04 mL. In 13 men the histology was examined on sections of the whole-mount prostate onto which a grid of 5 x 5 mm squares was applied. On a test set of 14 of the 29 patients, PHS analysis was used before knowing the histology results (blinded data), to predict the maximum tumour diameter, focality, laterality and extraprostatic extension (EPE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Identification and characterization by PHS of the index tumour in the 14 patients in the test set correlated closely (r = 0.95, P < 0.001) with the reference test. The concordance in the attribution of multifocality (present/absent), unilateral/bilateral disease between PHS and histology was 100%. EPE as determined by PHS was attributed to all three pT3a pathological specimens in the blinded paired data. In the same set of data, EPE was attributed to one prostate cancer that on pathological inspection was deemed to be organ-confined (pT2b).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PHS has the potential to identify and characterize prostate cancer foci noninvasively. The precision appears to be sufficient to suggest that PHS might be useful as a triage test for men deemed to be at risk of prostate cancer and who wish to avoid prostate biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Academic Hospital, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, Belgium. johan.braeckman@uzbrussel.be
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Braeckman
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Autier
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garbar
authors.forename: Miriam Pipeleers
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Marichal
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soviany
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nir
authors.forename: Dror
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nir
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Michielsen
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bleiberg
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Egevad
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emberton
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen