title: [Fluorescence cystoscopy at bladder cancer: present trials].
abstract: Bladder cancer is a frequent disease and represents the second most common genitourinary neoplasm. Although many aspects of the management of not-muscle-infiltrating bladder cancer are now well established, significant challenges remain, which influence patient outcome. Early detection and treatment of recurrent disease is required to optimize bladder preservation, reduce patient morbidity and increase quality of life and survival. Fluorescence cystoscopy, often referred to as "photodynamic diagnosis" (PDD) with intravesical application of photosensitizing agents has been developed in order to enhance the early detection of bladder cancer. Since March 2005 the hexyl-ALA ester (Hexvix) has been approved for the diagnosis of bladder cancer in 27 EU/EEA countries through the European Mutual Recognition Procedure. There is growing evidence that PDD enhances the detection of bladder cancer, particularly of high-grade flat lesions. Furthermore, transurethral resection of bladder tumor under fluorescence guidance has been shown to reduce the risk of recurrent tumors. Nevertheless, a resulting relatively decreased number of recurrences have still to be verified in prospective randomized trials.
authors.affiliation: Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany. dirk.zaak@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zaak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stepp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tritschler
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tilki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knuechel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stief
mesh_terms: D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D001706:Biopsy; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000473:pathology*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D003558:Cystoscopy; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid; C419924:5-aminolevulinic acid hexyl ester