title: Factors influencing the effectiveness of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) in the treatment of great saphenous vein reflux.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) is an alternative to surgery for treating sapheno-femoral and great saphenous vein (GSV) reflux. This study assesses factors that might influence its effectiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  EVLA was used to treat the great saphenous vein in 644 limbs as part of the management of varicose veins. Body mass index (BMI), maximum GSV diameter, length of vein treated, total laser energy (TLE) and energy density (ED: Joules/cm) delivered were recorded prospectively. Data from limbs with ultrasound confirmed GSV occlusion at 3-months were compared with those where the GSV was partially occluded or patent. Complications were recorded prospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GSV occlusion was achieved in 599/644 (93%) limbs (group A). In 45 limbs (group B) the vein was partially occluded (n=19) or patent (n=26). Neither BMI [group A: 25.2 (23.0-28.5); group B: 25.1 (24.3-26.2)], nor GSV diameter [A: 7.2mm (5.6-9.2); B: 6.9 mm (5.5-7.7)] influenced success. TLE and ED were greater p<0.01) in group A (median [inter-quartile range]: 1877J (997-2350), 48 (37-59)J/cm) compared to group B (1191J (1032-1406), 37 (30-46)J/cm). Although TLE reflects the greater length of GSV ablated in Group A (33 cm v 29 cm, p=0.06) this does not influence ED. GSV occlusion always occurred when ED>/=60 J/cm with no increase in complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ED (J/cm) of laser delivery is the main determinant of successful GSV ablation following EVLA.
authors.affiliation: Leeds Vascular Institute, The General Infirmary at Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Theivacumar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dellagrammaticas
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Beale
authors.forename: A I D
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Mavor
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gough
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*