title: In vitro antibacterial activities of oral care products against ventilator-associated pneumonia pathogens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral and oropharyngeal decontamination is one of the main issues for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to detect and compare in vitro antibacterial activities of 3 oral care products (OCP) against major VAP pathogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stabilized hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)); 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX); and a commercial product including glucose oxidase, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, and lactoferrin (GLLL) were selected for this study. In total, 32 VAP isolates were studied by 2 different methods. Bacterial suspension was inoculated onto OCP-absorbed plates in the first method, and OCP was dropped onto bacteria inoculated plates in the second method. Two different bacterial suspensions were used as 10(-2) and 10(-4) dilutions of 0.5 McFarland turbidity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first method, 6 (18%), 6 (18%), and 0 isolates in 10(-2) dilution and 13 (40%), 19 (59.3%), and 2 (6.2%) isolates in 10(-4) dilution of 0.5 McFarland bacterial turbidity were inhibited by CHX, H(2)O(2), and GLLL, respectively. In the second method, 31 (96.8%), 30 (93.7%), and 0 isolates in 10(-2) dilution and 32 (100%), 32 (100%), and 5 (15.6%) isolates in 10(-4) dilution were suppressed. In all dilutions and methods, antibacterial activity of CHX and H(2)O(2) were found more effective than GLLL against VAP pathogens (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CHX and H(2)O(2) have good antibacterial effects against most isolated VAP pathogens in vitro. They could be suggested as oropharyngeal decontamination agents for reducing VAP incidence.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Izmir Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. drshenol@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Gunes
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Senol
authors.forename: Cenk
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kirakli
authors.forename: Hüseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Halilçolar
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000494:pharmacology; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007784:Lactoperoxidase / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009113:Muramidase / Q000494:pharmacology; D053717:Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D009067:Mouthwashes; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D007784:Lactoperoxidase; D009113:Muramidase; D007781:Lactoferrin; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine