title: Cytokine release following recruitment maneuvers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are reports of rigors and/or clinical deterioration following recruitment maneuvers (RMs), leading us to question whether the use of sustained high-pressure inflation could lead to release of inflammatory mediators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study of 26 patients with ARDS receiving mechanical ventilation. A single RM was performed during which the mean airway pressure was increased to 40 cm H2O and held constant for a period of 30 s. The concentration of nine cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha, Fas ligand, vascular endothelial growth factor, TNF receptor 1, TNF receptor 2) was measured longitudinally at three time points: prior to initiation of the RM, 5 min after the RM, and 60 min after the RM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RMs were tolerated well from a hemodynamic perspective. Oxygenation improved as reflected by an increased Pao2/fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2) ratio from 140+/-49 at baseline to 190+/-78 (mean+/-SD) at 5 min after the RM (p=0.01). At 60 min, the increase in Pao2/Fio2 ratio, to 172+/-76, was no longer significant (p=0.1). There were no important changes in the levels of any of the measured cytokines at 5 min or 60 min following RM as compared with the baseline levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study demonstrate that recruitment maneuvers are well tolerated in patients with ARDS. Our data suggest no major hemodynamic or immunologic evidence of deterioration within the first hour of RM. In particular, cytokines, previously related to worsening lung injury and distal organ failure in patients with ARDS, are not elevated by use of an RM. Registered at: www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00127491.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 1 Deaconess Rd, CC-470, Boston MA 02215, USA. dtalmor@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Talmor
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sarge
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Legedza
authors.forename: Carl R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ritz
authors.forename: Stephen H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Loring
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malhotra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D013990:Tidal Volume / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines