title: Manual toothbrush wear and consequences on plaque removal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the mean time interval before needing to discard different types of manual toothbrushes based on wear, and on the impact of progressive wear on plaque removal efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cross-over randomized clinical trials involving the same 12 volunteers tested four toothbrushes of different designs. In Study 1, the brushes were the Butler 211 (BTB) and Fluocaril Sensia (FSTB). In Study 2, the brushes were Elmex InterX (ETB) and Elgydium Interactive (ELTB). In both trials, the volunteers randomly used one of the two toothbrushes for two minutes twice a day during the first week, and the other brush during the following week, and continued this alternating routine for two months. An image acquisition system and the Visilog 5.2 image analysis program were used to calculate the wear index (WI) after one and two months of use for each toothbrush. The OHI-S plaque index (PI) was recorded after one and three minutes of tooth brushing at one and two months. The Friedman or Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Except for the ELTB, the wear of the toothbrushes was greater during the first month of brushing than during the second. The total WI was FSTB 35.46 (range = 62.11), ELTB 30.14 (range = 67.92), ETB 48.77 (range = 123.87), and BTB 98.20 (range = 134.75). The differences were significant at p = 0.008. The post one-minute PI scores significantly increased with wear, except in the case of ELTB (p = 0.244). When comparing all toothbrushes' PI at the one and three-minute tooth brushing times, there were significant differences at one month among them at p < 0.0001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The amount of wear depended on the toothbrush design. It was greater for rectangular tooth brushing areas or when bristles had smaller diameters and different heights. With two-month-old toothbrushes, plaque removal was better when there was less measurable wear.
authors.affiliation: LASIO, University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, France. muller@unice.fr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muller-Bolla
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lupi-Pégurier
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Velly
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000628:therapy*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation*