title: Bloodless FMRI.
abstract: Conventional functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a blunt tool for studying the nervous system because it measures neural activity only indirectly, by way of hemodynamics and neurovascular coupling. Several alternative, nonhemodynamic functional imaging methods are now being explored. The methods are designed to offer better resolution and neuronal specificity than hemodynamic imaging and, in some cases, might report signals from specific molecules or cell populations. Much progress has concentrated in three areas: diffusion-weighted functional imaging; detection of neuronal electromagnetic fields; and molecular imaging of neural metabolites and signaling species. Here, we review recent developments in these areas. We consider unique advantages and disadvantages of 'bloodless fMRI' approaches, as well as their future prospects as experimental tools in cognitive and systems neuroscience.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. jasanoff@mit.edu
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jasanoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008280:Magnetics; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*