title: A role for ATP-citrate lyase, malic enzyme, and pyruvate/citrate cycling in glucose-induced insulin secretion.
abstract: In pancreatic beta-cells, metabolic coupling factors generated during glucose metabolism and pyruvate cycling through anaplerosis/cataplerosis processes contribute to the regulation of insulin secretion. Pyruvate/citrate cycling across the mitochondrial membrane leads to the production of malonyl-CoA and NADPH, two candidate coupling factors. To examine the implication of pyruvate/citrate cycling in glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS), different steps of the cycle were inhibited in INS 832/13 cells by pharmacological inhibitors and/or RNA interference (RNAi) technology: mitochondrial citrate export, ATP-citrate lyase (ACL), and cytosolic malic enzyme (ME1). The inhibitors of the di- and tri-carboxylate carriers, n-butylmalonate and 1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylate, respectively, reduced GIIS, indicating the importance of transmitochondrial transport of tri- and dicarboxylates in the action of glucose. To directly test the role of ACL and ME1 in GIIS, small hairpin RNA (shRNA) were used to selectively decrease ACL or ME1 expression in transfected INS 832/13 cells. shRNA-ACL reduced ACL protein levels by 67%, and this was accompanied by a reduction in GIIS. The amplification/K(ATP)-independent pathway of GIIS was affected by RNAi knockdown of ACL. The ACL inhibitor radicicol also curtailed GIIS. shRNA-ME1 reduced ME1 activity by 62% and decreased GIIS. RNAi suppression of either ACL or ME1 did not affect glucose oxidation. However, because ACL is required for malonyl-CoA formation, inhibition of ACL expression by shRNA-ACL decreased glucose incorporation into palmitate and increased fatty acid oxidation in INS 832/13 cells. Taken together, the results underscore the importance of pyruvate/citrate cycling in pancreatic beta-cell metabolic signaling and the regulation of GIIS.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Nutrition Unit, Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1W 4A4, Canada.
authors.forename: Claudiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guay
authors.forename: S R Murthy
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Madiraju
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aumais
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Joly
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prentki
mesh_terms: D001275:ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008316:Malonyl Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007328:Insulin; D018942:Macrolides; D019343:Citric Acid; D008316:Malonyl Coenzyme A; D009249:NADP; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase; D001275:ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase; C035359:monorden; D005947:Glucose