title: Electrical characteristics of various submucosal injection fluids for endoscopic mucosal resection.
abstract: Submucosal fluid injection, prerequisite to endoscopic mucosal resection, necessitates detailed evaluation for proper selection. We aimed to compare height of gastric tissues after submucosal injection, and to verify electrical implications of injectants. Porcine stomach pieces were cut out, and eight solutions were used: normal saline, 0.5% sodium hyaluronate (SH), 0.25% SH, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 10% glycerin, fibrinogen, 1% sodium alginate (SA), and 2.5% SA. Elevated heights were measured after submucosal injection of the eight fluids, and electrical impedance was measured for fluids plus a reference solution (0.01 N KCl) with a potentiostat electroimpedance spectrometry and an insulation-tipped knife. Resistivity was calculated thereafter. Normal saline and 10% glycerin solution showed greater height diminution. Resistivity were in the range of 80-110 Omega cm, except for 309.7 Omega cm for fibrinogen. Higher resistivity may improve performance of electrosurgery, probably by strengthening impedance and heat dissipation. Further studies are required to back up this basic experiment for clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, 5 ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sanghoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hoon Jai
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Chul Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ju Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Su
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Yong Dae
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Doo Rang
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keum
authors.forename: Yeon Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Yong Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yoon Tae
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Jeen
authors.forename: Hong Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soon Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Um
authors.forename: Sang Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Chang Duck
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ho Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Jong Hyeon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: James Jungho
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pak
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery*; D005773:Gastroscopy; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005990:Glycerol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007267:Injections; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D012996:Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D012996:Solutions; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D005340:Fibrinogen; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D005990:Glycerol