title: [Factors associated with functional dependence in older adults: a secondary analysis of the National Study on Health and Aging, Mexico, 2001].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors associated with dependence for basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in elderly adults in Mexico.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of data from the first round of Mexico's National Study on Health and Aging, 2001, was undertaken. The sample consisted of 7 171 participants, 60 years of age or older. Multifactorial regression analysis was used to identify associations between BADL and IADL dependence and lifestyle, sociodemographics, family background, and health history, from childhood to present.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the participants was 69.4 +/- 7.6 years of age, with a range of 60-105 years; females made up 53.4% of the sample. The BADL- and IADL-dependent groups had a higher mean age (P < 0.01), were predominantly female (P < 0.01), had a greater incidence of illiteracy, and reported a significantly higher number of chronic diseases and greater frequency of pain than did the independent participants. Among the 521 (7.3%) BADL-dependent, there was a higher percentage who were single or widowed (P < 0.01), and their self-assessed health was poorer, than that of the independent (P < 0.01). Among the 603 (8.4%) IADL-dependent, significant, independently associated factors were age, cerebrovascular and other chronic diseases, depression, vision issues, excessive pain, and amputation of a limb. Absence of childhood trauma and fewer years of employment were related to a lower incidence of IADL dependence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Functional dependence in older adults is directly related to aging and has multiple determinants. Awareness of these determinants should help design health programs that can identify individuals who are at high risk of losing their independence, and implement interventions for slowing or reversing the process.
authors.affiliation: Clínica de Geriatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, D.F., México. lupitadorantes@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dorantes-Mendoza
authors.forename: José Alberto
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Avila-Funes
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mejía-Arango
authors.forename: Luis Miguel
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Robledo
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003858:Dependency, Psychological; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors