title: Up-regulation of CYP1A/B in rat lung and liver, and human liver precision-cut slices by a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; association with the Ah locus and importance of molecular size.
abstract: Exposure of precision-cut rat liver slices to six structurally diverse polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, namely benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, fluoranthene and 1-methylphenanthrene, led to induction of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, CYP1A apoprotein and CYP1A1 mRNA levels, but to a markedly different extent. In liver slices, constitutive CYP1A1 mRNA levels were higher, as well as being markedly more inducible by PAHs, compared with CYP1B1, a similar profile to that observed in human liver slices following exposure to the PAHs. Increase in ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and in CYP1A1 apoprotein levels was also observed when precision-cut rat lung slices were incubated with the same PAHs, the order of induction potency being similar to that observed in liver slices. Under the same conditions of exposure, CYP1B1 apoprotein levels were elevated in the lung. Up-regulation of CYP1A1 by the six PAHs correlated with their affinity for the Ah receptor, determined using the chemical-activated luciferase expression (CALUX) assay. It may be concluded that (a) precision-cut liver and lung slices may be used to assess the CYP1 induction potential of chemicals at the activity, apoprotein and mRNA levels; (b) rat is a promising surrogate animal for human in studies to evaluate CYP1 induction potential; (c) CYP1A1 is far more inducible than CYP1B1 in both rat liver and lung; (d) CYP1 up-regulation by PAHs is related to their affinity for the Ah receptor, and finally (e) computer analysis revealed that the ratio of molecular length/width is an important determinant of CYP1 induction potency among equiplanar PAHs.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Toxicology Group, School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
authors.forename: Daphnee S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pushparajah
authors.forename: Meera
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umachandran
authors.forename: Tariq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nazir
authors.forename: Kathryn E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Plant
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Plant
authors.forename: David F V
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Costas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ioannides
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001059:Apoproteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D065633:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001059:Apoproteins; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C585496:CYP1B1 protein, human; C585499:Cyp1b1 protein, rat; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D065633:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1