title: Phytophthora cinnamomi and other fine root pathogens in north temperate pine forests.
abstract: A number of fine root pathogens, including Phytophthora cinnamomi, Pythium ultimum var. ultimum, Pythium undulatum, Pythium violae, Fusarium sp., and two incompletely identified Verticillium species, were isolated from soils taken from under Scots pine trees at five sites in north Scotland, including semi-natural forests and plantations. At least two root pathogens were recovered from each forest. Morphological and molecular data supported the identification of Phytophthora cinnamomi from three of the sites investigated. Isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi, Pythium ultimum var. ultimum and an incompletely identified Fusarium sp. caused growth reductions of Scots pine seedlings, as determined by dry weight; the most virulent species were Phytophthora cinnamomi and Fusarium sp. The most severe disease symptoms were caused by a mixed inoculum containing Phytophthora cinnamomi, Pythium ultimum var. ultimum and Fusarium sp., or by the Fusarium isolate alone. These nonspecific pathogens may persist on the roots of understorey and herbaceous plants in the pine forests.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Soil Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chavarriaga
authors.forename: William J A
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Bodles
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leifert
authors.forename: Lassaad
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Belbahri
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Woodward
mesh_terms: D048028:DNA, Algal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005670:Fusarium / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D028223:Pinus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology*; D011775:Pythium / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012606:Scotland; D036226:Seedlings / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D020172:Verticillium / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D048028:DNA, Algal; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal