title: [Tumor markers for bladder cancer: up-to-date study by the Kiel Tumor Bank].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The number of noninvasive diagnostic tests for bladder cancer has increased tremendously over the last years with a large number of experimental and commercial tests. Comparative analyses of tests for diagnosis, follow-up, and recurrence detection of bladder cancer were performed retrospectively as well as prospectively, unicentrically, and multicentrically.
  
  
  METHODS
  An analysis of multicentric studies with large patient numbers compared with our own Kiel Tumor Bank data is presented. The Kiel Tumor Bank data looked prospectively at 106 consecutive bladder tumor patients from the year 2006. Special focus was put on urine cytology as a reference test, as well as the commercial NMP 22 Bladder Chek.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis of the NMP 22 Bladder Chek showed an overall sensitivity of 69% for all tumor grades and stages, with a specificity of 76%. Comparison to multicentric data with an overall sensitivity of 75% for all tumor grades and stages, with a specificity of 73%, showed results similar to those in the literature. Urine cytology showed a comparable overall sensitivity of 73% for all tumor grades and stages, with a specificity of 80%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A large number of noninvasive tests for bladder cancer follow-up with reasonable sensitivity and specificity can currently be used. Because of limited numbers of prospective randomized multicentric studies, no single particular marker for bladder cancer screening can be recommended at this point in time.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 7, 24105, Kiel, Germany. shautmann@urology.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hautmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eggers
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meyhoff
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Melchior
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Munk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naumann
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Jünemann
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D003558:Cystoscopy; D006417:Hematuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000652:urine; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C100379:nuclear matrix protein 22; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase