title: Kinetics of abamectin disposition in blood plasma and milk of lactating dairy sheep and suckling lambs.
abstract: Abamectin (ABM) has been used worldwide as an anthelmintic drug in veterinary medicine and as an agricultural pesticide. Its pharmacokinetics and permeation into milk was evaluated in dairy sheep after subcutaneous administration. ABM elimination half-lives and mean residence times were 1.7 and 3.7 days for blood plasma and 1.9 and 3.8 days for milk, respectively. The ABM milk to plasma concentration ratio (0.89) primarily depends on milk fat content. Transfer of ABM residues to suckling lambs was evaluated by determination of ABM concentration time courses in lambs' plasma. Mean maximal concentration in lambs was 1.6 microg L(-1) at 3.3 days, and elimination half-life was 2.7 days. In ewes' plasma and milk, ABM was detected up to 23 days. Because of different pharmacokinetics, ABM exposure in lambs was almost 10% of the exposure in ewes, although the amount excreted in milk was only 1.0% of the dose.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. vesna.cerkvenik@vf.uni-lj.si
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cerkvenik-Flajs
authors.forename: Iztok
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grabnar
authors.forename: Nevenka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kozuh Erzen
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marc
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Antonić
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vergles-Rataj
authors.forename: Jernej
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuzner
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pogacnik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling / Q000097:blood; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007700:Kinetics; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D012756:Sheep / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; C048324:abamectin; D007559:Ivermectin