title: PKA type IIalpha holoenzyme reveals a combinatorial strategy for isoform diversity.
abstract: The catalytic (C) subunit of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is inhibited by two classes of regulatory subunits, RI and RII. The RII subunits are substrates as well as inhibitors and do not require adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form holoenzyme, which distinguishes them from RI subunits. To understand the molecular basis for isoform diversity, we solved the crystal structure of an RIIalpha holoenzyme and compared it to the RIalpha holoenzyme. Unphosphorylated RIIalpha(90-400), a deletion mutant, undergoes major conformational changes as both of the cAMP-binding domains wrap around the C subunit's large lobe. The hallmark of this conformational reorganization is the helix switch in domain A. The C subunit is in an open conformation, and its carboxyl-terminal tail is disordered. This structure demonstrates the conserved and isoform-specific features of RI and RII and the importance of ATP, and also provides a new paradigm for designing isoform-specific activators or antagonists for PKA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Simon H J
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Sventja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: von Daake
authors.forename: Susan S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D054754:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha Subunit; D054756:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020035:Holoenzymes / Q000737:chemistry; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary
chemical_list: D054754:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha Subunit; D054756:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit; D020035:Holoenzymes; D007527:Isoenzymes; C517835:Prkar1a protein, mouse; C517821:Prkar2a protein, mouse; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases