title: Dose-related effects of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor tacrine on cocaine and food self-administration in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acetylcholine (ACh) is involved in brain reward and learning functions and contributes to opiate- and psychostimulant-motivated behaviors. Tacrine is a centrally acting, reversible cholinesterase inhibitor that also inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO) and blocks reuptake of dopamine (DA) and serotonin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of pretreatment with tacrine on self-administration of cocaine and nondrug reinforcers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were trained to self-administer cocaine under a fixed-ratio-5 (FR-5) schedule during 2-h multiple-component sessions in which 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg per injection of cocaine were each available for 40 min. Other animals self-administered 45 mg food pellets under FR-30 or 20% Ensure (liquid food) under FR-5 in amounts of 30, 60, or 120 microl. Vehicle or tacrine was administered as single intravenous doses 20 min before self-administration of cocaine, food pellets, or liquid food.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although pretreatment with 0.032 mg/kg of tacrine increased self-administration of food pellets, pretreatment with higher doses of tacrine attenuated self-administration of cocaine, food pellets, or liquid food. Tacrine's ED50 value for attenuating self-administration of 0.1 mg/kg per injection of cocaine was more than sixfold lower than values for attenuating liquid food- or food pellet-reinforced behavior. However, ED50 values for attenuating self-administration of higher doses of cocaine were similar to those observed for 30 or 60 microl of liquid food.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tacrine can selectively attenuate self-administration of low-dose cocaine, but its effects on higher doses of cocaine are similar to its ability to decrease self-administration of nondrug reinforcers.
authors.affiliation: Kansas City VA Medical Center, Research Service, 151, 4801 Lindwood Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA. kenneth.grasing@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grasing
authors.forename: Shuangteng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yungao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001070:Appetitive Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D001245:Association Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D003463:Cues; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000187:drug effects*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D011292:Premedication; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D012646:Self Administration; D013619:Tacrine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D013619:Tacrine; D003042:Cocaine