title: Investigations on permeation of mitomycin C through double layers of natural rubber gloves.
abstract: Treating peritoneal carcinomatosis by the aggressive cytoreductive surgery with the hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) surgeons expose their gloved hands for up to 90 min to a peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS) containing mitomycin C (MMC). We investigated the permeation of MMC through the material of three different natural rubber gloves under conditions similar to the in-use during HIPEC as well as under worst-case exposure scenario. Two different methods, a two-chamber diffusion cell and a single-chamber glass chamber method, were used to demonstrate the permeation capability. The permeation of MMC dissolved in 0.9% NaCl solution and PDS through double natural rubber glove material was tested over 2 h using four concentrations (c = 0.004, 0.008, 0.016 and 0.4 mg ml(-1)) and three receptor fluids (0.9% NaCl solution, PDS and a novel artificial sweat). In none of four glass chamber experiments and in only one of 40 diffusion cell experiments was permeation through glove material detected. The permeation occurred between 15 and 30 min under worst-case exposure scenario at a approximately 100-fold higher MMC concentration than under in-use conditions during HIPEC. The double-layer natural rubber gloves tested were effective to prevent a permeation of MMC in vitro under HIPEC-similar exposure. Our results support the glove wearing procedure in our university hospital. However, occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs should be minimized, since there is insufficient knowledge regarding harmful effects from a long-term exposure to low doses.
authors.affiliation: Institute and Out-Patient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine of the University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schillerstrasse 25 + 29, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. gintautas.korinth@rzmail.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Gintautas
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Korinth
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Midasch
authors.forename: Melanie I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Boettcher
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Angerer
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Drexler
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D017575:Gloves, Protective; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D012408:Rubber / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D016685:Mitomycin; D012408:Rubber