title: Joint angle and contraction mode influence quadriceps motor neuron pool excitability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to compare the central activation ratio (CAR) of eccentric contractions to isometric contractions at 30 and 70 degrees of knee flexion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A repeated-measures design was used. CARs were measured at 30 and 70 degrees of knee flexion in 16 healthy subjects during both eccentric and isometric modes of contraction. CARs were measured using the superimposed burst technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isometric CARs at 30 degrees (0.88+/-0.069) of knee flexion were significantly higher (P<0.001) than at 70 degrees (0.77+/-0.116). Eccentric CARs were significantly higher (P=0.013) at 70 degrees (0.87+/-0.085) of knee flexion compared with 30 degrees (0.8+/-0.09). At 30 degrees of knee flexion, isometric CARs were significantly higher (P=0.003) than eccentric CARs. At 70 degrees, eccentric CARs were higher (P<0.001) when compared with isometric CARs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results provide evidence that isometric measures at a single joint angle are not sufficient in generalizing activation of an entire muscle group for dynamic movements. CARs are significantly affected by joint angle and mode of contraction.
authors.affiliation: Exercise & Sport Injury Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Brian G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Pietrosimone
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Hammill
authors.forename: Ethan N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Saliba
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hertel
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Ingersoll
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*