title: Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in skiers: field test versus methacholine provocation?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asthma is frequently reported in endurance athletes, particularly in cross-country skiers. It has been reported that an exercise field test performed with the competitive type of exercise is the better for diagnosing asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in athletes than bronchial provocation with methacholine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The main objective was to compare an exercise field test consisting of a skiing competition with methacholine bronchial provocation in the diagnosis of asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness among skiers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four elite cross-country skiers from the Norwegian national teams (males/females = 16/8) were included in the study. The cumulative dose of inhaled methacholine causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (PD20) was compared with reduction in lung function (FEV1) >or= 10% from before to after an exercise field test consisting of a cross-country skiing competition, 10 km (males) and 7 km (females), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine out of 24 (37.5%) athletes experienced a positive methacholine test (PD20 < 8 micromol) (2 females and 7 males), whereas only 2 of the 24 subjects (8.3%) had reductions in FEV1 >or= 10% after the exercise field test. A significant negative correlation was found between age and bronchial responsiveness, r = -0.47, P = 0.02.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The methacholine bronchial provocation test is more sensitive than a sport specific exercise field test for identifying athletes with asthma and/or bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway. trine.stensrud@nih.no
authors.forename: Trine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stensrud
authors.forename: Kjell Vegard
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Mykland
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gabrielsen
authors.forename: Kai-Haakon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Carlsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis; D001250:Asthma, Exercise-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D045853:Exhalation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D012865:Skiing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016210:Methacholine Chloride