title: Helpful diagnostic markers of steroidogenesis for defining hyperandrogenemia in hirsute women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Androgen excess carries varied clinical manifestations in women. Although testosterone and dehydroepiandrostendionesulfate (DHEAS) determination is considered useful in diagnostic workup, there is no laboratory definition that sufficiently describes androgen excess.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 464 hirsute women with a Ferriman and Gallwey score of at least 8 between 2000 and 2005. Our examination included clinical data, total testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), the free androgen index (FAI), and DHEAS. Additionally, androstendione, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), dehydroepiandrostendione (DHEA), and 11-deoxycortisol were determined at baseline and 60min after corticotropin challenge (250microg synacthen).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 464 women, 77.6% fulfilled the clinical criteria for hyperandrogenemia. Of these 360 women, 78.1% had hyperandrogenic hirsutism. Of these 281 women, 43.4% showed increased stimulation of 17OHP to 250microg of synacthen. Another 37.4% showed adrenal steroid biosynthesis defects other than 21alpha-hydroxylase deficiency, such as defective 11beta-hydroxylation or 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase malfunction. The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome was applicable to 12.4%. In addition, our results show that 72% of 281 patients with secondary hirsutism had normal T concentrations, and 55% had a normal FAI. Only 5% of hirsute patients with a normal FAI had elevated DHEAS values. However, 40% showed elevated DHEA levels, while 26% of the women with normal FAI showed androstendione values over the maximal levels in the 79 controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that in addition to testosterone and FAI, androstendione and DHEA are significantly helpful parameters in diagnosing hyperandrogenemia in hirsute women. DHEAS was not found to be helpful.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. Holger.Willenberg@uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: Holger S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Willenberg
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahlo
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schott
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wertenbruch
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feldkamp
authors.forename: Werner A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Scherbaum
mesh_terms: D019326:17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000735:Androstenedione / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D003350:Cortodoxone / Q000097:blood; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006628:Hirsutism / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D017588:Hyperandrogenism / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000735:Androstenedione; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D019326:17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase; D003350:Cortodoxone