title: A long-term follow-up study of chest pain patients: effect of panic disorder on mortality, morbidity, and quality of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to assess the association between panic disorder (PD) and the long-term outcome of chest pain patients with or without coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n = 199) consecutively referred to a cardiology outpatient clinic because of chest pain were reassessed after 9 years. At the initial examination 16% suffered from CAD and 38% from PD. Data were collected on mortality, cardiac events, cardiac risk factors, chest pain, anxiety and depression (SCL-90-R), and health-related quality of life (SF-36).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The death rate in the study population was not significantly different from that in the general population and no significant associations were found between PD at baseline and mortality and cardiac morbidity at follow-up. PD was associated with significantly higher follow-up scores of chest pain intensity (p = 0.025), depression (p = 0.005), anxiety (p = 0.039), and poorer health-related quality of life: physical functioning (p = 0.004), role physical (p = 0.001), body pain (p = 0.007), and general health (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PD has a negative long-term effect on psychological and physical well-being of chest pain patients which emphasizes the necessity of identifying PD patients and offering them adequate treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department for Research and Education, Psychiatric Division, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. christine.bringager@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bull Bringager
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arnesen
authors.forename: Svein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Friis
authors.forename: Trygve
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Husebye
authors.forename: Toril
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dammen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011336:Probability; D011788:Quality of Life; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors