title: Causes of death in symptomatic cryoglobulinemia: 30 years of observation in a Department of Internal Medicine.
abstract: Cryoglobulinemic Syn&come (CS) is a multi-systemic disease, and its fatal evolution can involve different organs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the most frequent causes of death in CS, by researching different evolutions between older cases and those of the last 15 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data of 238 patients affected by symptomatic cryoglobulinemia followed by our Medicine Department in the last 30 years are recorded in a database. 54 are presently living and being followed, 70 (36F, 34M) have died. The type II/type III ratio is 5/4. We distinguish between two groups, the oldest, without any data on HCV, and the most recent who were tested for HCV. The follow-up ranges from 0.5 to 16 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Liver diseases (25 cases, 9 with hepatic carcinomas), lymphomas and myeloproliferative diseases (12), and cardiovascular events (8) are the most reported causes of death. Sepsis, neurological syndromes, nephropathy, other malignancies and diffuse vasculitis are also reported. The median age at death was 67.2 years (58.4 in the oldest group, 71.9 in the other). Hepatic carcinomas are reported only after 1991.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cirrhosis complications are more frequent in patients affected by HCV. The increase in instrumental diagnostic ability and the improved survival of patients with cirrhosis account for the increase in patients with hepatic carcinomas. Improved treatment has resulted in a reduction of deaths from renal failure.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, VA, Italy. fsaccardo@aobusto.it
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saccardo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Novati
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sironi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castelnovo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Monti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000401:mortality; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000401:mortality