Radiation therapy and chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis.
Increasing the intensity of radiation therapy and chemotherapy in the management of cancer has increased the incidence of adverse effects, especially oral mucositis.


OBJECTIVE
a bibliographical review was conducted on the definition of oral mucositis, its clinical findings, the incidence, its etiology, the pathophysiology, associated morbidity, prevention and treatment.


RESULTS
current studies define oral mucositis as a very frequent and painful inflammation with ulcers on the oral mucosa that are covered by a pseudo membrane. The incidence and severity of lesions are influenced by patient and treatment variables. Oral mucositis is a result of two major mechanisms: direct toxicity on the mucosa and myelosuppression due to the treatment. Its pathophysiology is composed of four interdependent phases: an initial inflammatory/vascular phase; an epithelial phase; an ulcerative/bacteriological phase; and a healing phase. It is considered a potential source of life-threatening infection and often is a dose-limiting factor in anticancer therapy. Some interventions have been shown to be potentially effective to prevent and treat oral mucositis. Further intensive research through well-structured clinical trials to obtain the best scientific evidence over the standard therapy of oral mucositis is necessary to attain ideal parameters for radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Volpato
Luiz Evaristo Ricci
LE
Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, 17012-901 Bauru, SP.
Silva
Thiago Cruvinel
TC
Oliveira
Thaís Marchini
TM
Sakai
Vivien Thiemy
VT
Machado
Maria Aparecida Andrade Moreira
MA
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents