title: A novel rat strain with enhanced sensitivity to the effects of dopamine agonists on startle gating.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Compared to outbred Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, inbred Brown Norway (BN) rats exhibit less prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI) at long prepulse intervals, and more PPI at short intervals. Sensitivity to dopaminergic drug effects on PPI differs substantially across strains, and is heritable within SD and other outbred strains. To further understand the heritability of PPI and its sensitivity to dopamine agonists, we assessed PPI and apomorphine sensitivity in SD, BN and F1 (SD x BN) rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  PPI was measured in BN, SD and F1 rats under a variety of stimulus conditions, and after treatment with apomorphine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings confirmed significantly more PPI in BN compared to SD rats at short prepulse intervals, and significantly more PPI in SD compared to BN rats at long intervals. F1s were "supersensitive" to both the PPI-disruptive effects of apomorphine at longer intervals, and the PPI-enhancing effects of apomorphine at shorter intervals, compared to either parental strain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in sensorimotor gating between SD and BN rats are robust, time-locked and consistent across studies. Unlike patterns in other strains, heritability of PPI apomorphine sensitivity phenotypes in SD x BN F1s cannot be easily explained by simple additive effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037-0804, USA. nswerdlow@ucsd.edu <nswerdlow@ucsd.edu>
authors.forename: Neal R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Swerdlow
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breier
authors.forename: Adrienne B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Jody M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shoemaker
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D010858:Pigmentation; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D001058:Apomorphine