title: [Risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes through three decades].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trends in risk factors provide important information for public health programmes. The relative importance of risk factors may change in new generations. It is essential to discover unfavourable trends.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data for 40-year olds from three counties in Norway (Finnmark, Oppland, Oslo) were retrieved from health surveys conducted by the National Health Screening Service/Norwegian Public Health Institute and the health authorities in Oslo in the period 1972-2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean body mass index (BMI) for 40-year olds has increased substantially in all counties (1.9-2.5 kg/m2 , p = 0.001 for both sexes). Mean serum cholesterol levels have been reduced by 1.1 mmol/L in Finnmark, and by 0.5-0.6 mmol/L in the other counties (p <0.001). The proportion of daily smokers has been reduced by 20% points for men, but the proportion reporting to be sedentary in leisure time has increased (p = 0.005). Marked differences between geographical regions still exist in Oslo for daily smoking and physical inactivity, and BMI for women has increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previously reported favourable and unfavourable trends for risk factors continue. The increase in BMI has been most intense in the last 10 years. The regional differences within Oslo are larger than the differences between the counties.
authors.affiliation: Diabetesforskningssenteret, Aker universitetssykehus, 0514 Oslo. a.k.jenum@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Anne Karen
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Jenum
authors.forename: Sidsel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Graff-Iversen
authors.forename: Randi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Selmer
authors.forename: Anne-Johanne
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Søgaard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol