title: The effects of intrathecal administration of betamethasone over the dogs' spinal cord and meninges.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determinate the potential clinical and histological changes due the injection of betamethasone, when administered into the canine intrathecal space.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty one animals were included in a random and blind manner in the study. After general anesthesia, intrathecal puncture was performed and 1 ml of the random solution was injected. The G1 dogs received 0.9% saline solution, the G2 dogs received 1.75 mg betamethasone and the G3 dogs received 3.5 mg of betamethasone. The animals were clinically evaluated for 21 days and then sacrificed. The lumbar and sacral portions of the spinal cord were removed for light microscopy histological analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No clinical changes were observed in any of the animals included in this study. No histological changes were observed in G1 animals. Inflammatory infiltration was observed in two dogs, one in G2, another in G3. Hemorrhage and necrosis were also seen in the G2 dog which inflammatory infiltration was detected. In other two dogs, one from G2 and another from G3, there was discreet fibrosis and thickness of the arachnoid layer which was focal in one and diffuse in the other.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrathecal administration of betamethasone caused histological changes in the spinal cord and meninges in some of the dogs involved in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Management and Palliative Care Subject, School of Medicine of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. barros@fmb.unesp.br
authors.forename: Guilherme Antonio Moreira de
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Mariângela Esther Alencar
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Eliana Marisa
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ganem
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001623:Betamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000209:etiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D008578:Meninges / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D023421:Models, Animal; D009336:Necrosis / Q000209:etiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013129:Spinal Puncture
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D001623:Betamethasone