title: A large-scale study of the ultrawideband microwave dielectric properties of normal, benign and malignant breast tissues obtained from cancer surgeries.
abstract: The development of microwave breast cancer detection and treatment techniques has been driven by reports of substantial contrast in the dielectric properties of malignant and normal breast tissues. However, definitive knowledge of the dielectric properties of normal and diseased breast tissues at microwave frequencies has been limited by gaps and discrepancies across previously published studies. To address these issues, we conducted a large-scale study to experimentally determine the ultrawideband microwave dielectric properties of a variety of normal, malignant and benign breast tissues, measured from 0.5 to 20 GHz using a precision open-ended coaxial probe. Previously, we reported the dielectric properties of normal breast tissue samples obtained from reduction surgeries. Here, we report the dielectric properties of normal (adipose, glandular and fibroconnective), malignant (invasive and non-invasive ductal and lobular carcinomas) and benign (fibroadenomas and cysts) breast tissue samples obtained from cancer surgeries. We fit a one-pole Cole-Cole model to the complex permittivity data set of each characterized sample. Our analyses show that the contrast in the microwave-frequency dielectric properties between malignant and normal adipose-dominated tissues in the breast is considerable, as large as 10:1, while the contrast in the microwave-frequency dielectric properties between malignant and normal glandular/fibroconnective tissues in the breast is no more than about 10%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. mariya.lazebnik@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mariya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazebnik
authors.forename: Dijana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Popovic
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McCartney
authors.forename: Cynthia B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: Mary J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lindstrom
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harter
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sewall
authors.forename: Travis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogilvie
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magliocco
authors.forename: Tara M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Breslin
authors.forename: Walley
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Temple
authors.forename: Daphne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mew
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Booske
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okoniewski
authors.forename: Susan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hagness
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001940:Breast / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008872:Microwaves; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity