title: Pharmacokinetics of voriconazole following intravenous and oral administration and body fluid concentrations of voriconazole following repeated oral administration in horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the pharmacokinetics of voriconazole following IV and PO administration and assess the distribution of voriconazole into body fluids following repeated PO administration in horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 clinically normal adult horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  All horses received voriconazole (10 mg/kg) IV and PO (2-week interval between treatments). Plasma voriconazole concentrations were determined prior to and at intervals following administration. Subsequently, voriconazole was administered PO (3 mg/kg) twice daily for 10 days to all horses; plasma, synovial fluid, CSF, urine, and preocular tear film concentrations of voriconazole were then assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean +/- SD volume of distribution at steady state was 1,604.9 +/- 406.4 mL/kg. Systemic bioavailability of voriconazole following PO administration was 95 +/- 19%; the highest plasma concentration of 6.1 +/- 1.4 microg/mL was attained at 0.6 to 2.3 hours. Mean peak plasma concentration was 2.57 microg/mL, and mean trough plasma concentration was 1.32 microg/mL. Mean plasma, CSF, synovial fluid, urine, and preocular tear film concentrations of voriconazole after long-term PO administration were 5.163 +/- 1.594 microg/mL, 2.508 +/- 1.616 microg/mL, 3.073 +/- 2.093 microg/mL, 4.422 +/- 0.8095 microg/mL, and 3.376 +/- 1.297 microg/mL, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicated that voriconazole distributed quickly and widely in the body; following a single IV dose, initial plasma concentrations were high with a steady and early decrease in plasma concentration. Absorption of voriconazole after PO administration was excellent, compared with absorption after IV administration. Voriconazole appears to be another option for the treatment of fungal infections in horses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Carmen M H
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Colitz
authors.forename: Federico G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Latimer
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ken K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Genneth J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Pennick
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000502:physiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D006207:Half-Life; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D065819:Voriconazole
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D011743:Pyrimidines; D014230:Triazoles; D065819:Voriconazole