title: Trends in the incidence of treated end-stage kidney disease among Indigenous Australians and access to treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine temporal trends of incidence of treated end-stage kidney disease in Indigenous Australians and the extent to which these patients had to move from their home community to access renal replacement therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for 1993-2001, regarding place of residence before starting renal replacement therapy, were analysed to give accurate incidence for 1,194 Indigenous treated end-stage kidney disease patients. We calculated indirectly standardised incidence ratios of treated end-stage kidney disease by State and Territory. We surveyed treating renal units about which Indigenous patients relocated to access therapy from 1999 to 2001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of treated end-stage kidney disease among Indigenous Australians is high and rising; however, the rate of increase is lower than has been previously reported. The Northern Territory (NT) and Queensland have the most new Indigenous treated end-stage kidney disease cases. The highest standardised incidence ratio was in the NT (17.0), followed by Western Australia (WA) (11.9). From 1999 to 2001, half of the 476 Indigenous patients starting therapy had to relocate to access treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of end-stage kidney disease among Indigenous Australians continues to rise. However, significant gaps in knowledge remain about the burden of early chronic kidney disease and whether many Indigenous patients with end-stage kidney disease still choose not to receive renal replacement therapy. The need to relocate to access treatment has a strong negative impact on individuals, families and entire communities.
authors.affiliation: WuChopperen Health Service, Cairns, Queensland. annie_p_t@yahoo.com.au
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Preston-Thomas
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cass
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*