title: Phytochemical profiling and phase II enzyme-inducing properties of Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. (RC) extracts.
abstract: Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. (Acanthaceae) or Rang Chuet (RC) is described in traditional medicine for protection against dietary and environmental toxicants. This work, therefore, investigated RC's phytochemical profile, antimutagenic activity, and xenobiotic detoxification potential in its extracts. RC extracts were prepared by infusion with water, ethanol, acetone and subsequently assayed for major phytochemical constituents. Total phenolic content was 24.33, 5.65, and 1.42microg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per mL for water, ethanol and acetone extract, respectively. HPLC analysis identified caffeic acid and apigenin as primary constituents of water extracts. Acetone and ethanol extracts contained primarily chlorophyll a and b, pheophorbide a, pheophytin a, and lutein. Treatment of Hepa 1C1C7 cells with standardized RC extracts resulted in a dose-dependent increase in QR specific activity for all extracts. Acetone extract (92microg GAE/mL) increased QR activity 2.8-fold, while ethanol (120microg GAE/mL) and water (1000microg GAE/mL) extracts increased QR activity by 1.35- and 1.56-fold, respectively. The RC extracts were subsequently assayed for mutagen and antimutagenic activity by bacterial reverse mutagenesis assay. All three RC extracts exhibited strong dose-dependent antimutagenic activity inhibiting 2-aminoanthracene induced mutagenesis up to 87% in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98. These results support the traditional medicinal use of RC for detoxification and suggest the potential role of both phenolic acids and natural chlorophyll constituents in modulating these effects.
authors.affiliation: School of Food Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Ratchadaporn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oonsivilai
authors.forename: Crystal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bomser
authors.forename: Mario G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ferruzzi
authors.forename: Suwayd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ningsanond
mesh_terms: D027901:Acanthaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000032:analysis; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002338:Carotenoids; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); C447479:NQO1 protein, human; C017616:phenolic acid