title: Differentiation of ambisexual gonads and immunohistochemical localization of P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme during gonadal sex differentiation in the protandrous anemonefish, Amphiprion clarkii.
abstract: To clarify the relationship between steroid hormones and sex differentiation of the protandrous anemonefish Amphiprion clarkii, we histologically examined its gonadal differentiation. From hatching to 30 days post hatching (dph), all of the gonads surveyed were sexually undifferentiated. The gonads of all fish first differentiated into ovaries at 60 dph, and the oocytes gradually developed and increased in number as the ovaries grew up until 183 dph. Some cysts of differentiated spermatogenic germ cells appeared in the ovaries at 214 dph, and ambisexual gonads with both ovarian and testicular tissues formed by 273 dph. Using immunohistochemistry, we then investigated the expression of cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), during gonadal sex differentiation. P450scc-immunopositive reactions first appeared in sexually undifferentiated gonads at 30 dph. Beginning at 60 dph, the number of strongly positive cells increased throughout the differentiation of the ovaries and continued to increase during the testicular differentiation until 210 dph. Immunopositive cells were observed more frequently in ovarian tissue than in testicular tissue in the ambisexual gonads at 270 dph. These results suggest that endogenous steroid hormones are important for the sex differentiation, including the primary sex differentiation and subsequent testicular differentiation, of the anemonefish.
authors.affiliation: Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa 905-0227, Japan. beluga_whitedolphin@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Saori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Piferrer
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology*; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D057850:Hermaphroditic Organisms; D008297:Male; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D010053:Ovary / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology*; D019849:Sex Determination Processes / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology*; D012733:Sex Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013737:Testis / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases