title: Video-assisted mediastinoscopy (VAM) for surgical resection of ectopic parathyroid adenoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ectopic mediastinal parathyroid adenomas or hyperplasia account for up to 25% of primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Two percent of them are not accessible by standard cervical surgical approaches. Surgical resection has traditionally been performed via median sternotomy or thoracotomy and more recently, via video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). We present our experience with the novel use of Video-Assisted Mediastinoscopy (VAM) for resection of ectopic mediastinal parathyroid glands.
  
  
  METHODS
  4 patients underwent VAM for removal of an ectopic intramediastinal parathyroid gland. All of them had at least one previous unsuccessful neck exploration.In all cases histology confirmed complete resection of ectopic parathyroid glands (3 parathyroid adenomas and one parathyroid hyperplasia). Two of the patients required a partial sternal split to facilitate exploration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cervical approach for resection of ectopic parathyroid adenomas is frequently unsuccessful. Previously, the standard surgical approach in such cases was sternotomy and exploration of the mediastinum. Recently, a number of less invasive modalities have been introduced. We found that VAM has several advantages. It has a short theatre time does not require a complex anaesthetic and is performed with the patient in classic supine position utilising often a previous cervical scar with good cosmetic results. It offers a short hospital stay; it is cost effective with minimal use of fancy and pricy consumables with a comfortable incision and no violation of the pleural space. Additionally the use of digital Video imaging has increased the sensitivity of the mediastinoscopy and has added safety and confidence in performing a detailed mediastinal exploration with an additional great training value as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, St, James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK. pcherv@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tcherveniakov
authors.forename: Ashvini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Milton
authors.forename: Kostas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Papagiannopoulos
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lansdown
authors.forename: James A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Thorpe
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D002828:Choristoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008479:Mediastinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008481:Mediastinoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D020535:Video-Assisted Surgery
chemical_list: D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi