title: Comminuted long bone fractures in cats caused by pneumatic gun shot and repaired using the external fixator "tie-in" technique.
abstract: Five cats with femoral fractures caused by pneumatic gun shot wounds were treated using intramedullary pin/external skeletal fixation "tie-in" (IM/ESF tie-in) technique between 1997 and 2005. Clinical and radiographical examinations were used to assess bone healing, limb function recovery and complications. Clinical results as well as fracture healing were excellent in all five cats. The study showed that the IM/ESF tie-in technique can be used in cats for the treatment of comminuted femoral fractures caused by pneumatic bullets.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgery and Roentgenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland. zbigniew.adamiak@wp.pl
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Adamiak
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aleksiewicz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kostrzewski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mederski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D016267:External Fixators / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D018460:Fractures, Comminuted / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies