title: Management and complications of anesthesia for transvenous electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in horses: 62 cases (2002-2006).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe management of anesthesia for transvenous electrical cardioversion (TVEC) in horses and report perianesthetic complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  62 horses with atrial fibrillation and without underlying cardiac disease and 60 horses without atrial fibrillation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of horses with atrial fibrillation anesthetized for TVEC were reviewed, as were records of horses without atrial fibrillation anesthetized for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The TVEC group horses were compared with MRI group horses for incidence of intraoperative bradycardia and use of inotropic drugs. Data obtained included patient signalment, weight, duration of anesthesia, heart rate and arterial blood pressure during anesthesia, anesthetic drugs administered, mode of ventilation, perioperative complications, and quality of recovery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TVEC group horses were > 1 year of age and were predominantly Standardbreds. The TVEC group horses underwent a total of 76 anesthetic episodes. For 40 (52.6%) anesthetic episodes, horses received xylazine only for premedication, and for 26 (34.2%) anesthetic episodes, horses received xylazine and butorphanol. Induction of anesthesia consisted of ketamine administration in various combinations with diazepam and guaifenesin for 74 (97.4%) anesthetic episodes and ketamine alone for 2 (2.6%). Bradycardia in horses was encountered during 15 of 76 (19.7%) anesthetic episodes. Minor signs of possible postanesthetic myopathy occurred following 6 (7.9%) anesthetic episodes. No significant difference was found between TVEC and MRI group horses regarding incidence of bradycardia and inotropic drug administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-duration anesthesia for TVEC of atrial fibrillation in horses without underlying cardiac disease was a safe procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Maria Helena M
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Bellei
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: M Kimberly J
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: McGurrin
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kenney
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Physick-Sheard
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D006736:Horses; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D016896:Treatment Outcome