title: Functional links between Drosophila Nipped-B and cohesin in somatic and meiotic cells.
abstract: Drosophila Nipped-B is an essential protein that has multiple functions. It facilitates expression of homeobox genes and is also required for sister chromatid cohesion. Nipped-B is conserved from yeast to man, and its orthologs also play roles in deoxyribonucleic acid repair and meiosis. Mutation of the human ortholog, Nipped-B-Like (NIPBL), causes Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS), associated with multiple developmental defects. The Nipped-B protein family is required for the cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion to bind to chromosomes. A key question, therefore, is whether the Nipped-B family regulates gene expression, meiosis, and development by controlling cohesin. To gain insights into Nipped-B's functions, we compared the effects of several Nipped-B mutations on gene expression, sister chromatid cohesion, and meiosis. We also examined association of Nipped-B and cohesin with somatic and meiotic chromosomes by immunostaining. Missense Nipped-B alleles affecting the same HEAT repeat motifs as CdLS-causing NIPBL mutations have intermediate effects on both gene expression and mitotic chromatid cohesion, linking these two functions and the role of NIPBL in human development. Nipped-B colocalizes extensively with cohesin on chromosomes in both somatic and meiotic cells and is present in soluble complexes with cohesin subunits in nuclear extracts. In meiosis, Nipped-B also colocalizes with the synaptonemal complex and contributes to maintenance of meiotic chromosome cores. These results support the idea that direct regulation of cohesin function underlies the diverse functions of Nipped-B and its orthologs.
authors.affiliation: Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gause
authors.forename: Hayley A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Webber
authors.forename: Ziva
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Misulovin
authors.forename: Gabe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rollins
authors.forename: Joel C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Eissenberg
authors.forename: Sharon E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bickel
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dorsett
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002842:Chromatids / Q000235:genetics; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020090:Chromosome Segregation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003635:De Lange Syndrome; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D007814:Larva; D008297:Male; D008540:Meiosis / Q000502:physiology*; D008938:Mitosis / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000097722:Cohesins
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000097722:Cohesins; C066177:Ubx protein, Drosophila; C066381:ct protein, Drosophila; C119839:nipped-B protein, Drosophila; C410884:vtd protein, Drosophila