title: Wechsler Memory Scale Revised Edition: neural correlates of the visual paired associates subtest adapted for fMRI.
abstract: Memory deficits in neurological and psychiatric patients are evaluated by neuropsychological tests such as the Wechsler Memory Scale Revised Edition (WMS-R). Neuropsychological data from patients with circumscribed lesions point to single elements of the underlying neural network but fail to identify its whole extent. We report the fMRI adaptation of a subtest of the WMS-R, the Visual Paired Associates. Fifteen healthy, right-handed male volunteers were studied using a 1.5T MRI scanner. The encoding of the combination between a shape and a colour, the assessment of the retrieval of this combination immediately after encoding took place, and the underlying network employed during retrieval a second time after approximately 25 min were investigated. The results show a fronto-parieto-occipital network with left frontal accentuation for encoding and a fronto-parieto-occipital network for immediate and delayed retrieval. Noteworthy is the specific role of the thalamus. During immediate retrieval, the thalamus showed significant bilateral activation; during delayed retrieval, there was no significant activation. The thalami are part of an extended hippocampal-diencephalic system which is critical for efficient encoding and normal retrieval of new episodic information. We describe the probability of thalamocortical connections during retrieval based on the Thalamus Connectivity Atlas. The cerebellum showed significant activation in all conditions; its part in higher cognitive functions such as memory was thereby confirmed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Research Centre Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Neuner
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stöcker
authors.forename: Thilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kellermann
authors.forename: Tilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kircher
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zilles
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: N Jon
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology; D010153:Paired-Associate Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D014888:Wechsler Scales