title: Pre-, peri- and postnatal complications in Prader-Willi syndrome in a UK sample.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies describe in detail the pregnancy and early development of infants with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). However, variations at these early stages may partially account for differences in the later phenotype. A recent paper described an abnormally high number of problems in pregnancy and early infancy in a large sample of people with PWS but this sample was not homogeneous with respect to age and potentially liable to cohort effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the early development of infants with PWS, younger and more homogeneous for age, and to investigate whether such high rates of perinatal problems are still present despite medical advances and whether there are differences according to the genetic subtypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a structured interview, data were collected from mothers and from relevant GP and hospital records.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six babies with PWS, born in a six-year period 2000-2006, and their mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Problems arising during pregnancy, the birth process and the neonatal period and the birth characteristics of the babies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An abnormally high number of problems associated with the early developmental period similar to those previously reported were observed. The only significant difference between the genetic subtypes was that mother's age was positively correlated with birth weight for UPD (and negatively correlated for deletion subtypes).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High rates of, and variability in, the nature and severity of problems arising during early development have been confirmed. To establish whether variability in the later phenotype is influenced by such differences requires a longitudinal study.
authors.affiliation: Section of Developmental Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. jew1000@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Whittington
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Holland
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010920:Placenta / Q000002:abnormalities; D011218:Prader-Willi Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D006113:United Kingdom