title: Adverse drug reactions in nephrology ward inpatients of a tertiary care hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are important causes of hospital admissions and inpatient complications. Renal dysfunction has a role in occurrence of ADRs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  (1) To study the characteristics of ADRs among inpatients in Nephrology ward of a tertiary care hospital and (2) to compare these characteristics between patients with renal dysfunction and patients with normal renal function in same population of patients with ADRs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of inpatients with ADRs (July 2005-June 2006) in Nephrology ward of a tertiary care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  ADR characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Comparisons were made between normal renal function group and renal dysfunction group by t-test and Chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1,464 case records, 244 (17%) patients were included. Two hundred sixty-seven drugs contributed to 294 ADRs. Serious ADRs accounted for 12% of the total ADRs. Renal/ electrolyte system (44%) was the most common organ system involved. Major clinical spectrum of ADRs included acute renal failure (22%), hypo/ hyperglycemia (13%), hyper/ hypokalemia (13%), bone marrow suppression (5%) and hepatic injuries (4%). Prednisolone (12%) was the most commonly implicated drug. Mean time to revert was 13+/-7.2 days. Three patients died. On comparing patients with normal renal function (n=80) with those suffering from renal dysfunction (n=164), polypharmacy, serious ADRs, multiple ADRs, longer time to recover, longer period of hospitalization were found to be more frequent among the renal dysfunction group (P CONCLUSIONS: High incidence of ADRs, especially serious and life-threatening ADRs, was noticed. A wide spectrum of ADRs was observed. Renal dysfunction showed a significant impact on various characteristics of ADRs.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacovigilance Centre, Department of Pharmacology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India. drlishaj@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Lisha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Joshua
authors.forename: Padmini D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Devi
authors.forename: Shoba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guido
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia; D007008:Hypokalemia; D007194:India; D007297:Inpatients; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D007674:Kidney Diseases; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors