title: A plant homeodomain in RAG-2 that binds Hypermethylated lysine 4 of histone H3 is necessary for efficient antigen-receptor-gene rearrangement.
abstract: V(D)J recombination is initiated by the recombination activating gene (RAG) proteins RAG-1 and RAG-2. The ability of antigen-receptor-gene segments to undergo V(D)J recombination is correlated with spatially- and temporally-restricted chromatin modifications. We have found that RAG-2 bound specifically to histone H3 and that this binding was absolutely dependent on dimethylation or trimethylation at lysine 4 (H3K4me2 or H3K4me3). The interaction required a noncanonical plant homeodomain (PHD) that had previously been described within the noncore region of RAG-2. Binding of the RAG-2 PHD finger to chromatin across the IgH D-J(H)-C locus showed a strong correlation with the distribution of trimethylated histone H3 K4. Mutation of a conserved tryptophan residue in the RAG-2 PHD finger abolished binding to H3K4me3 and greatly impaired recombination of extrachromosomal and endogenous immunoglobulin gene segments. Together, these findings are consistent with the interpretation that recognition of hypermethylated histone H3 K4 promotes efficient V(D)J recombination in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Subrahmanyam
authors.forename: Tirtha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.forename: Ranjan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Desiderio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D015321:Gene Rearrangement / Q000502:physiology*; D005803:Genes, Immunoglobulin; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011946:Receptors, Antigen / Q000235:genetics*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006657:Histones; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C499308:Rag2 protein, mouse; D011946:Receptors, Antigen; D008239:Lysine