title: Evaluation of biological variance of cystatin C in comparison with other endogenous markers of glomerular filtration rate in healthy dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to investigate and compare components of variance of endogenous markers of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in healthy dogs and impact on the interpretation of results.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Cystatin C (cysC) in the dog is superior to creatinine (crea) and urea in detecting decreased renal function because of a high index of individuality (IoI). ANIMALS AND METHOD: Variance components of cysC, crea (2 methods: creaE, creaJ), urea, and inorganic phosphate (Pi) in plasma were determined in a longitudinal study over 6 months in 24 healthy dogs (6 German Shorthair Pointers, 18 Beagles). IoI and critical differences (CD) were calculated, as well as the numbers of measurements necessary to determine the individual's homeostatic set point.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean concentrations of cysC, creaJ, creaE, urea, and Pi (mean +/- SD) were 0.93 +/- 0.19 mg/L, 0.94 +/- 0.17 mg/dL, 0.76 +/- 0.18 mg/dL, 35.34 +/- 9.08 mg/dL, and 3.74 +/- 0.68 mg/dL, respectively. The IoI for cysC, creaJ, creaE, urea, and Pi were 0.96, 0.89, 0.80, 0.90, and 1.16, respectively. The C(D) for cysC, creaJ, creaE, urea, and Pi were 0.37 mg/L, 0.26 mg/dL, 0.27 mg/dL, 16.94 mg/dL, and 1.45 mg/dL, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In dogs, components of biological variance of cysC and crea are in the same range. Analytical precision requirements were fulfilled by crea(both), urea, and Pi. All parameters had an intermediate IoI, which allowed the application of population-based reference limits. The application of the CD for crea or cysC might be useful in detecting a decrease of GFR, when sequential measurements in an individual reveal an increase exceeding the CD but not the upper reference limit.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinical Department of Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria. maximilian.pagitz@vu-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pagitz
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frommlet
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schwendenwein
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000662:veterinary; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins / Q000097:blood*; D004285:Dogs / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry / Q000662:veterinary; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine