title: Prevalence of nosocomial infection in Thailand 2006.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalence of nosocomial infection (NI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A point prevalence study was done in 20 hospitals across the country in August 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present study was done in 20 hospitals: three university, five regional, five provincial, and seven other hospitals. 9,865 patients were included Male and female patients were almost equal in number with an average age of 42.7 years. The NI proportion was 6.5%, 7.0% in male and 5.9% in female patients. The prevalence rate of NI was highest in university and other hospitals (7.6%), followed by provincial (6.0%), and regional hospital (4.9%). There were two hospitals, one regional and one other hospital with NI prevalence rates over 10%. All three university hospitals had NI exceeding 7%. The infection rate was highest in ICU (22.6%), followed by surgical (6.8%), medical and orthopedic (6.7% each) departments. The commonest site of NI was lower respiratory tract (36.1%) followed by urinary tract (25.5%). Causative organisms were identified in 70.8% of all sites of infection and over 63% were by bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria were responsible for 70.2% and gram-positive bacteria for 19.9% of all pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Acinetobacter baumannii, MRSA, and enterococci were the leading bacterial isolates. At the time of the present study, 47.0% of patients were receiving antimicrobials. Cephalosporins, penicillins, and aminoglycosides were most commonly used
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence rate of NI in Thailand in 2006 was 6.5%, similar to previous studies. Changes in NI rates in certain hospitals, even though subtle, need additional studies to improve the efficacy of NI control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Prannok Rd, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. sisdc@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Somwang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Danchaivijitr
authors.forename: Tepnimit
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Judaeng
authors.forename: Siriporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sripalakij
authors.forename: Kakanang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naksawas
authors.forename: Tanarak
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Plipat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology