title: Efficacy and safety of the selective co-stimulation modulator abatacept following 2 years of treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of abatacept during 2 years of the ATTAIN (Abatacept Trial in Treatment of Anti-TNF INadequate responders) trial in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients completing the 6-month, double-blind period were eligible to enter the long-term extension; patients received abatacept approximately 10 mg/kg, plus disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Safety and efficacy (American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria responses, DAS28 (C-reactive protein), HAQ-DI, SF-36, Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Problems Index, fatigue VAS) were assessed through 2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  317 patients (218 from the abatacept and 99 from the placebo group) entered and 222 (70%) completed 18 months of long-term extension treatment. The incidence and type of adverse events were consistent between the double-blind and cumulative (double-blind plus long-term extension) periods. Rates of serious adverse events were 25.6 and 23.4 per 100 patient-years in the double-blind versus cumulative period. At 6 months and 2 years, using non-responder analyses, ACR responses in abatacept-treated patients were: ACR 20, 59.4% and 56.2%; ACR 50, 23.5% and 33.2%; ACR 70, 11.5% and 16.1%; HAQ-DI responses were 54.4% and 47.9%. At 6 months and 2 years, using post-hoc as-observed analyses, the percentage of patients (95% confidence interval) achieving DAS28 (C-reactive protein) low disease activity score (< or = 3.2) and DAS28 (C-reactive protein)-defined remission (< 2.6) increased from 18.3% (13.0, 23.5) to 32.0% (24.6, 39.4) and 11.1% (6.8, 15.3) to 20.3% (13.9, 26.6). Clinically meaningful improvements in SF-36, pain, fatigue and sleep problems were also maintained throughout the 2 years of abatacept treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No unique safety observations were reported during open-label exposure. Improvements in the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, physical function and health-related quality of life observed after 6 months, were maintained throughout the 2 years in this population with difficult-to-treat disease.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT00124982.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, 1000 Welch Road #203, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. genovese@stanford.edu
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Genovese
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schiff
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luggen
authors.forename: J-C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aranda
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schmidely
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Bars
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dougados
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069594:Abatacept