title: Proteome response of Monascus pilosus during rice starch limitation with suppression of monascorubramine production.
abstract: For centuries, red mold rice has been made by fermentation of cooked rice with Monascus species. However, the influence of different carbon sources on the metabolism of Monascus cells remains unclear. We compared the proteome response of Monascus pilosus to replacement of the rice starch fraction with lactose during cultivation, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and tandem mass spectrometry to identify the proteins expressed. The results showed that cell growth and monascorubramine pigment formation of M. pilosus were sensitive to rice starch limitation during cultivation. A total of 12 proteins were identified with statistically altered expression in the cells cultivated with lactose. These deregulated proteins were involved in glycolysis, TCA cycle, energy generation, protein folding, and peptide biosynthesis. The possible metabolic flux shifts induced by rice starch limitation were discussed. The results suggested that the suppression of monascorubramine formation could be related to the necessary energy-requiring adaptations executed in response to carbon depletion during rice starch limitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wun-Yuan
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jui-Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chih-Hsuan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hish
authors.forename: Tzu-Ming
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D007546:Isoquinolines; D007785:Lactose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D032741:Monascus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D013213:Starch / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D007546:Isoquinolines; D013213:Starch; D007785:Lactose; D015107:4-Butyrolactone; C510964:monascorubramine