title: Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to chronic kidney disease and periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and periodontitis (PD) are serious public-health concerns. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble steroid hormone that interacts with its nuclear receptor (VDR) to regulate a variety of biological processes, such as bone metabolism, immune response modulation and transcription of several genes involved in CKD and PD disease mechanisms. The aim of this work was to investigate the association between polymorphisms in the VDR gene and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  222 subjects with and without ESRD (in hemodialysis) were divided into groups with and without PD. Polymorphisms TaqI and BsmI in the VDR gene were analyzed by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism. The significance of differences in allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies between groups was assessed by the chi2 test (p value <0.05) and odds ratio (OR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Allele G was associated with protection against ESRD: groups without versus with ESRD (GG) x (GA+AA): OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.4-4.6, p = 0.00; (G x A): OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0-2.3, p = 0.02; (TG + CG) x (TA + CA): OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0-2.3, p = 0.02. No association was observed between the study polymorphisms and susceptibility to or protection against PD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Allele G of the VDR BsmI polymorphism was associated with protection against ESRD.
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cleber Machado
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Ana Paula Ribeiro
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Braosi
authors.forename: Sônia Mara
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Luczyszyn
authors.forename: Andréa Rodrigues
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: Rui Barbosa
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: de Brito
authors.forename: Sérgio Aparecido
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ignácio
authors.forename: Christian Macagnan
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Probst
authors.forename: Miguel Carlos
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Riella
authors.forename: Vanessa Santos
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Sotomaior
authors.forename: Marcelo Távora
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Mira
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pecoits-Filho
authors.forename: Paula Cristina
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Trevilatto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; C053864:endodeoxyribonuclease BsmI; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific