title: Secondary hormonal therapy for prostate cancer: what lies on the horizon?
abstract: Androgen deprivation therapy with medical or surgical castration is generally the first-line treatment against advanced prostate cancer. Almost invariably, metastatic prostate cancer overcomes testosterone depletion and grows, despite castrate levels of testosterone. Despite advances in cytotoxic chemotherapy, secondary hormonal therapies are often used after the development of castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Secondary hormonal therapies either lower the androgen levels further or directly antagonize the androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells. We discuss novel secondary hormonal agents that are under development, which work by either inhibiting androgen synthesis or directly targeting the androgen receptor.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, Medical Oncology Branch, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. nima.sharifi@nih.gov
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharifi
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Dahut
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Figg
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005544:Forecasting; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000502:physiology; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D013256:Steroids