title: Two-year outcome of an intervention program for university students who have parents with alcohol problems: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Only a few intervention studies aiming to change high-risk drinking behavior have involved university students with heredity for alcohol problems. This study evaluated the effects after 2 years on drinking patterns and coping behavior of intervention programs for students with parents with alcohol problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 82 university students (57 women and 25 men, average age 25 years) with at least 1 parent with alcohol problems were included in the study. The students were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 programs: (i) alcohol intervention program, (ii) coping intervention program, or (iii) combination program. All the 3 intervention programs were manual based and individually implemented during 2 2-hour sessions, 4 weeks apart. Before the participants were randomly assigned, all were subjected to an individual baseline assessment. This assessment contained both a face-to-face interview and 6 self-completion questionnaires: the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, estimated Blood Alcohol Concentration, Short Index of Problems, the Symptom Checklist-90, Coping with Parents' Abuse Questionnaire, and The Interview Schedule for Social Interaction (ISSI). Follow-up interviews were conducted after 1 and 2 years, respectively. The results after 1 year have previously been reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All participants finished the baseline assessment, accepted and completed the intervention. Ninety-five percent of the students completed the 24-month follow-up assessment. Only the group receiving the combination program continued to improve their drinking pattern significantly (p < 0.05) from the 12-month follow-up to the 24-month follow-up. The improvements in this group were significantly better than in the other 2 groups. The group receiving only alcohol intervention remained at the level of improvement achieved at the 12-month follow-up. The improvements in coping behavior achieved at the 12-month follow-up remained at the 24-month follow-up for all the 3 groups, i.e., regardless of intervention program.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Positive effects of alcohol intervention between 1 and 2 years were found only in the combined intervention group, contrary to the 1-year results with effects of alcohol intervention with or without a combination with coping intervention.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Alcohol Research, Lund University, University Hospital MAS, Malmö, Sweden. helena.hansson@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rundberg
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zetterlind
authors.forename: Kent Ove
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Johnsson
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berglund
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D011584:Psychology; D013333:Student Health Services / Q000379:methods*; D013334:Students; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014495:Universities