title: Conducting multilevel analyses in medical education.
abstract: A significant body of education literature has begun using multilevel statistical models to examine data that reside at multiple levels of analysis. In order to provide a primer for medical education researchers, the current work gives a brief overview of some issues associated with multilevel statistical modeling. To provide an example of this technique, we then present a multilevel analysis examining the relationship between two individual-level variables and the "cross-level" interaction between this relationship and a school-level variable. In offering this discussion and example of multilevel modeling, we hope to provide medical educators with a basic introduction to multilevel statistics, including the advantages of utilizing these techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Management and Organization, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 105001, Singapore. bizmjz@nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zyphur
authors.forename: Seth A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Gazi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Adam P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Barsky
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Franklin
mesh_terms: D004501:Education, Medical / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D017145:Models, Educational; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D055361:Multilevel Analysis / Q000379:methods*