title: Comparison of automated strategies for surveillance of nosocomial bacteremia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surveillance of nosocomial bloodstream infection (BSI) is recommended, but time-consuming. We explored strategies for automated surveillance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study. We prospectively processed microbiological and administrative patient data with computerized algorithms to identify contaminated blood cultures, community-acquired BSI, and hospital-acquired BSI and used algorithms to classify the latter on the basis of whether it was a catheter-associated infection. We compared the automatic classification with an assessment (71% prospective) of clinical data.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 850-bed university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  All adult patients admitted to general surgery, internal medicine, a medical intensive care unit, or a surgical intensive care unit over 3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the automated surveillance were 95% concordant with those of classical surveillance based on the assessment of clinical data in distinguishing contamination, community-acquired BSI, and hospital-acquired BSI in a random sample of 100 cases of bacteremia. The two methods were 74% concordant in classifying 351 consecutive episodes of nosocomial BSI with respect to whether the BSI was catheter-associated. Prolonged episodes of BSI, mostly fungemia, that were counted multiple times and incorrect classification of BSI clinically imputable to catheter infection accounted for 81% of the misclassifications in automated surveillance. By counting episodes of fungemia only once per hospital stay and by considering all cases of coagulase-negative staphylococcal BSI to be catheter-related, we improved concordance with clinical assessment to 82%. With these adjustments, automated surveillance for detection of catheter-related BSI had a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 93%; for detection of other types of nosocomial BSI, the sensitivity was 98% and the specificity was 69%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Automated strategies are convenient alternatives to manual surveillance of nosocomial BSI.
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Préventive Hospitalière-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. cristina.bellini@chuv.ch
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bellini
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Petignat
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Francioli
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wenger
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bille
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klopotov
authors.forename: Yannick
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vallet
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patthey
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zanetti
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance; D013223:Statistics as Topic / Q000379:methods; D013557:Switzerland