title: Fermented wheat germ extract (avemar) inhibits adjuvant arthritis.
abstract: Anti-inflammatory efficacy of the fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE, Avemar) in the rat adjuvant arthritis (AA) model was examined. To Wistar rats with AA, different doses of FWGE and anti-inflammatory drugs (indomethacin, dexamethasone) as monotherapies were administered and FWGE and either diclofenac or dexamethasone were also given in combination. Besides plethysmographies of the paws, histological investigations of synovial tissues were also performed along with detection of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Gene expressions of COX-1 and 2 were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). FWGE monotherapy significantly inhibited the development of the secondary (immune-mediated) response in AA, and dexamethasone and indomethacin exerted inhibitory effects in a degree comparable to that of FWGE. Histological analysis of the affected joints confirmed the results. FWGE inhibited COX-1 and -2, while indomethacin enhanced COX-2 gene expressions. FWGE had an additive interaction with diclofenac. It is concluded that FWGE has significant anti-inflammatory efficacy confirmed by plethysmography, histology, and real-time PCR.
authors.affiliation: Chemotherapy Day-Ward, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Andras
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Telekes
authors.forename: Akos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Resetar
authors.forename: Geza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balint
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blazso
authors.forename: Gyorgy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Falkay
authors.forename: Karoly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lapis
authors.forename: Erzsebet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Raso
authors.forename: Bela
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szende
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ehrenfeld
authors.forename: Yehuda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shoenfeld
authors.forename: Mate
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hidvegi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000235:genetics; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018525:Germination; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C113915:Avemar; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2