title: Regulation of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme genes by Toll-like receptor 4 signaling is independent of Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein.
abstract: During inflammation, drug metabolism and clearance are altered due to suppression of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme (DME) genes and their regulatory nuclear receptors (NRs) [pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha)]. The bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induces expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the liver, which contribute to altered DME expression. LPS binds to the cell-surface receptor, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which initiates a signal transduction cascade, including recruitment of the Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP). However, the role of TLR4 and TIRAP in LPS-mediated regulation of hepatic DME gene expression is not known. Wild-type (C3HeB/FeJ), TLR4-mutant (C3H/HeJ), TIRAP(+/+), and TIRAP(-/-) mice were injected i.p. with LPs. RNA levels of the major hepatic DME, Cyp3a11 and Ugt1a1, and the NRs were suppressed approximately 60 to 70% by LPS in wild-type but not in the TLR4-mutant mice. The nuclear protein levels of RXRalpha were reduced by LPS in wild-type but not in TLR4-mutant mice. Induction of hepatic cytokines (interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6), c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and nuclear factor-kappaB was blocked in TLR4-mutant mice. Surprisingly, LPS had the same effect on cytokines, kinases, NRs, and DME genes in livers of both TIRAP(+/+) and TIRAP(-/-) mice, indicating that TIRAP is not essential for TLR4-mediated suppression of NRs and DMEs in liver. However, TIRAP(-/-) mice have reduced serum cytokine expression compared with TIRAP(+/+) mice in response to LPS. This shows that although TIRAP mediates inflammatory responses induced by LPS, it is not essential in regulating LPS-mediated alterations of gene expression in liver.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. rghose@uh.edu
authors.forename: Romi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghose
authors.forename: Damara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vallejo
authors.forename: Saul J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Karpen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000235:genetics*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; C499045:TIRAP protein, mouse; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; C496508:Cyp3a11 protein, mouse; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase