title: Late decompression in patients with acute facial nerve paralysis after temporal bone fracture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this paper was to address the management of acute facial nerve paralysis after temporal bone fracture and the outcomes of late decompression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study design was a retrospective review of eight patients who underwent late decompression of acute facial nerve paralysis due to temporal bone fracture involving the geniculate region. Pre-operative electrophysiological testing showed total degeneration of the facial nerve in all patients. The mean operation period was 70.1 +/- 54.8 days after the trauma. A pure middle fossa approach and combined approach included middle cranial fossa and transmastoid approaches and were used in six and two patients, respectively. Evaluation of the facial nerve function was graded according to the House-Brackmann grading scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow up period was 5.7 +/- 3.2 years, ranging from 3 months to 10 years. Six patients showed 3 score of House-Brackmann recovery of facial nerve function in long-term follow-up and the last 2 patients still need time for their final House-Brackmann evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgery should be performed if serial electroneurography and electromyography demonstrate more than 90% degeneration and total denervation potentials, respectively, of nerve fibers. Based on the outcomes observed, late facial nerve decompression may have still beneficial effects in patients who could not be operated on early.
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Galip Zihni
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Sanuş
authors.forename: Necmettin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanriöver
authors.forename: Taner
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanriverdi
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uzan
authors.forename: Ziya
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Akar
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D004576:Electromyography; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000473:pathology*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed