title: Preventive effect of nebivolol on contrast-induced nephropathy in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Altered renal vasodilatation and oxidative stress are important mechanisms of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of nebivolol, a beta blocker, on prevention of CIN. We hypothesized that nebivolol may prevent CIN due to its renal vasodilatation and antioxidant effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two Wistar-albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 8 each): control (C), contrast media (CM), nebivolol (N), and nebivolol + contrast media (NCM). CIN was induced by administration of intravenous high-osmolar contrast media diatrizoate (6 ml/kg) after 72 h of dehydration. Nebivolol (2 mg/kg) was given internally once daily for 5 days. Kidney function parameters, nitric oxide metabolites and oxidative stress markers were measured. Kidneys were excised for pathological evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The decrease of creatinine clearance was 0.180 +/- 0.11 mg/dl in CM, and 0.030 +/- 0.10 mg/dl in NCM (P = 0.01). Microproteinuria was ameliorated using nebivolol (P = 0.001). Serum protein carbonyl content, malonyldialdehyde and kidney thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances levels were higher in CM than in C (P = 0.003, P < 0.001 and P = 0.034, respectively) and serum thiol was lower in CM than in C (P = 0.001). However, oxidative stress markers were similar in NCM and C. Diatrizoate decreased kidney nitrite levels, but nebivolol increased them (P = 0.027). Nebivolol attenuated the tubular necrosis, proteinaceous casts and medullary congestion, although significant protective effects, were observed in tubular necrosis (P = 0.001) and proteinaceous cast (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated the protective role of nebivolol against CIN.
authors.affiliation: Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Nephrology, 35360 Izmir, Turkey. info@omertoprak.com
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Toprak
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cirit
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanrisev
authors.forename: Cevat
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Canoz
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sipahioglu
authors.forename: Atilla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uzum
authors.forename: Rifki
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ersoy
authors.forename: Eser Yildirim
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Sozmen
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D000068577:Nebivolol; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D001578:Benzopyrans; D003287:Contrast Media; D004983:Ethanolamines; D009573:Nitrites; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D000068577:Nebivolol; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003404:Creatinine