title: Automatic age estimation based on facial aging patterns.
abstract: While recognition of most facial variations, such as identity, expression and gender, has been extensively studied, automatic age estimation has rarely been explored. In contrast to other facial variations, aging variation presents several unique characteristics which make age estimation a challenging task. This paper proposes an automatic age estimation method named AGES (AGing pattErn Subspace). The basic idea is to model the aging pattern, which is defined as the sequence of a particular individual' s face images sorted in time order, by constructing a representative subspace. The proper aging pattern for a previously unseen face image is determined by the projection in the subspace that can reconstruct the face image with minimum reconstruction error, while the position of the face image in that aging pattern will then indicate its age. In the experiments, AGES and its variants are compared with the limited existing age estimation methods (WAS and AAS) and some well-established classification methods (kNN, BP, C4.5, and SVM). Moreover, a comparison with human perception ability on age is conducted. It is interesting to note that the performance of AGES is not only significantly better than that of all the other algorithms, but also comparable to that of the human observers.
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Information Technology, Deakin University, Australia. xge@deakin.edu.au
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: Zhi-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smith-Miles
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000465:Algorithms; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001699:Biometry / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008954:Models, Biological; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity