title: The 2,4-D herbicide effects on acetylcholinesterase activity and metabolic parameters of piava freshwater fish (Leporinus obtusidens).
abstract: The effects of 2,4-D (1 or 10 mg/L) on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and metabolic parameters were evaluated in piava (Leporinus obtusidens) after 96 h. AChE activity was significantly reduced in the brain at a concentration of 10 mg/L and in the muscle at both concentrations tested. Muscle glycogen and lactate were significantly reduced for both 2,4-D concentrations but no significant change was observed in liver glycogen. Muscle protein levels were enhanced after exposure at 10 mg/L, but no significant changes were observed in muscle and liver glucose. Liver lactate and protein were significantly reduced after exposure to this herbicide. 2,4-D exposure produced a decrease in blood glucose at both concentrations and enhanced lactate levels at 10mg/L. Plasma protein increased at both concentrations tested. In conclusion, the results obtained indicate that 2,4-D affects brain and muscle AChE activity and some blood and tissue metabolic parameters of L. obtusidens. The stress generated by 2,4-D is the probable cause of alterations observed and measured parameters can be used to monitor 2,4-D fish toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica Adaptativa, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105.900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Milene Braga
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: da Fonseca
authors.forename: Lissandra
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Glusczak
authors.forename: Bibiana Silveira
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Charlene Cavalheiro
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: de Menezes
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pretto
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tierno
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zanella
authors.forename: Fábio Ferreira
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Vânia Lúcia
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Loro
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D005618:Fresh Water; D006540:Herbicides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase