title: Prevalence of delayed neurodevelopment in children from Bogotá, Colombia, South America.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Undiagnosed children with neurodevelopment delay disorders (NDD) frequently experience school difficulties, leading to school desertion or academic failure with subsequent familial, social and work-related problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2004-2005, we conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of developmental delay among preschoolers in Bogotá (Colombia); convenience samples in several socioeconomic areas of the city were screened to define the prevalence of NDD. Parents and teachers were interviewed to identify children with possible NDD. Selected children were evaluated with a neurodevelopmental abbreviated scale (EAD-1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We screened 2,043 preschool children aged <60 months; 288 suspected cases were examined individually using the EAD-1 scale. One or more abnormal items (alert category) were found in 67 (23.3%) children, for an estimated prevalence of 32.8 per thousand children <5 years of age, including deficits in gross motor function (9.3 per thousand), personal-social interactions (9.8 per thousand), fine motor skills (10.3 per thousand), auditory language delay (18.6 per thousand) and overall delay (10.8 per thousand).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is limited information regarding the prevalence of neurodevelopmental delay in nonindustrialized countries. The prevalence obtained in Bogotá, Colombia, is within the expected range; however, we identified NDD among apparently healthy children from nurseries and kindergartens, who had previously been undiagnosed and untreated. Lack of evaluation of developmental milestones in children in Colombia is a substantial public health problem that will require effective intervention.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia. avelez@urosario.edu.co
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Velez van Meerbeke
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Talero-Gutierrez
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Reyes
mesh_terms: D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014504:Urban Health