title: Relationship between physical and chemical properties of aluminum-containing adjuvants and immunopotentiation.
abstract: Aluminum-containing adjuvants are an important component of many vaccines because they safely potentiate the immune response. The structure and properties of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant, aluminum phosphate adjuvant and alum-precipitated adjuvants are presented in this review. The major antigen adsorption mechanisms, electrostatic attraction and ligand exchange, are related to the adjuvant structure. The manner by which aluminum-containing adjuvants potentiate the immune response is related to the structure, properties of the adjuvant and adsorption mechanism. Immunopotentiation occurs through the following sequential steps: inflammation and recruitment of antigen-presenting cells, retention of antigen at the injection site, uptake of antigen, dendritic cell maturation, T-cell activation and T-cell differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Purdue University, Industrial and Physical Pharmacy Department, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. hem@pharmacy.purdue.edu
authors.forename: Stanley L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hem
authors.forename: Harm
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hogenesch
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D010710:Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; C012714:aluminum phosphate