title: Radial head subluxation: how long do children wait in the emergency department before reduction?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the current emergency department (ED) wait times and treatment characteristics of children with radial head subluxation (RHS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a 2-year retrospective medical record review (April 1, 2004, to March 31, 2006) of all children who presented to our tertiary care pediatric ED with a discharge diagnosis of RHS, pulled elbow, dislocated elbow or nursemaid's elbow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 501 cases of RHS in 427 children over a 2-year period. The mean age was 2.4 years (range 22 d-9.7 yr) and the injury was caused by a pull in 314 (62.8%) cases, a fall in 91 (18.2%) cases and a twist in 20 (4.0%) of the cases. The median time from triage to physician assessment was 1.3 hours, with 112 (23.5%) patients waiting > 2 hours and 33 (6.9%) waiting > 3 hours. The median time from triage to ED discharge was 1.7 hours, with 193 (41.2%) staying > 2 hours, 85 (18.1%) staying > 3 hours and 30 (6.4%) staying > 4 hours. Overall, 490 (99.2%) of these injuries were reduced in the ED: 98 (19.8%) were reduced prior to physician assessment and 309 (89.6%) were reduced on the first attempt. The technique used was pronation in 138 (52.7%), supination in 100 (38.2%), and pronation and supination in 24 (9.2%) cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This large cohort indicates that children with RHS often have long ED waits before reduction and discharge. The majority of children with RHS are treated successfully with 1 reduction attempt. The data from this study will be used in planning a prospective study to shorten ED visits for patients with RHS.
authors.affiliation: School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toupin
authors.forename: Martin H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Osmond
authors.forename: Rhonda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Correll
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plint
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015588:Observer Variation; D011884:Radius / Q000293:injuries*; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014218:Triage; D000092464:Elbow Injuries