title: Endoscopic diagnosis of ureteral obstruction secondary to metastatic breast carcinoma.
abstract: Metastasis to the ureter is a very rare complication in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases. Retroperitoneal disease appears to be an uncommon manifestation of long-standing breast cancer which is usually hormonally dependent. In most published cases, the diagnosis is only made at postmortem examination. This report presents an uncommon case of ureteral obstruction secondary to breast cancer diagnosed with ureteroscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece. igkialas@ath.forthnet.gr
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gialas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Petsis
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bogdanos
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Milathianakis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsintavis