title: Proposal of a simplified technique for staining bacterial spores without applying heat--successful modification of Moeller's method.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As the bacterial spores are difficult to stain, a number of staining techniques including their modifications have been proposed to date. Most of the conventional staining procedures unexceptionally contain the step of staining with steamed dye reagent in order to increase the stainability of the spores. We made an attempt to improve the conventional Moeller's methods for staining bacterial spores.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spores of Bacillus species were stained with our modified Moeller's spore stain and evaluated for its staining properties. We investigated the stainability of both of the conventional and the modified Moeller's methods and the evaluation was made whether or not the step of steaming of Kinyoun's carbol-fuchsine dye reagent could be omitted by adding to aliquots of Tergitol 7, in place of the conventional dye solution steamed for some interval over hot blue flame of a Bunsen burner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We successfully omitted the heating step of steaming the Kinyoun's carbol fuchsine dye solution in the Moeller's method of bacterial spore stain, by the replacement of Kinyoun's carbol-fuchsine dye solution involving 2 drops of Tergitol 7, nonionic polyglycol ether surfactants type NP-7 (Sigma-Aldrich Japan, Tokyo, Japan) per 10 ml of Kinyoun's carbol-fuchsine dye solution. Bacillus spores stained pink to red and vegetative bacterial cells stained blue, although without applying any heating step during the whole course of staining processes including the fixation process. The novel staining method of our proposal resulted in far better satisfactory stainability in comparison with the conventional Moeller's method with the steaming dye solution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modified spore stain without applying any heating step using the Kinyoun's carbol-fuchsine dye solution with an addition of Tergitol 7 aliquots was demonstrated to be reproducible and yielded consistent and satisfactory stainability. This simplified staining procedure is rapid to perform and found to be applicable to detect the bacterial spores in routine clinical microbiology laboratories.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oana
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kozakai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Umeda
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawakami
mesh_terms: D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D006358:Hot Temperature; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*