title: The role of Akt in the signaling pathway of the glycoprotein Ib-IX induced platelet activation.
abstract: The platelet von Willebrand factor (vWF) receptor, glycoprotein Ib-IX (GPIb-IX), mediates platelet adhesion and induces signaling leading to integrin activation. Phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is important in GPIb-IX-mediated signaling. PI3K-dependent signaling mechanisms, however, are unclear. We show that GPIb-IX-induced platelet aggregation and stable adhesion under flow were impaired in mouse platelets deficient in PI3K effectors, Akt1 and Akt2, and in human platelets treated with an Akt inhibitor, SH-6. Akt1 and Akt2 play important roles in early GPIb-IX signaling independent of Syk, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), or thromboxane A2 (TXA2), in addition to their recognized roles in ADP- and TXA2-dependent secondary amplification pathways. Knockout of Akt1 or Akt2 diminished platelet spreading on vWF but not on immobilized fibrinogen. Thus, Akt1 and Akt2 are both required only in the GPIb-IX-mediated integrin activation (inside-out signaling). In contrast, PI3K inhibitors abolished platelet spreading on both vWF and fibrinogen, indicating a role for PI3K in integrin outside-in signaling distinct from that in GPIb-IX-mediated inside-out signaling. Furthermore, Akt1- or Akt2-deficiency diminished vWF-induced cGMP elevation, and their inhibitory effects on GPIb-IX-dependent platelet adhesion were reversed by exogenous cGMP. Thus, Akt1 and Akt2 mediate GPIb-IX signaling via the cGMP-dependent signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stojanovic
authors.forename: Nissim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000494:pharmacology; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness / Q000502:physiology*; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D000072377:Syk Kinase; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016023:Integrins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; C516024:SH-6 compound; C032193:glycoprotein receptor GPIb-IX; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D005340:Fibrinogen; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C000606896:SYK protein, human; D000072377:Syk Kinase; C000606897:Syk protein, mouse; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; C494921:AKT2 protein, human; C514862:Akt1 protein, mouse; C494922:Akt2 protein, mouse; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt