title: [Factors associated with low bone mineral density among white women].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze whether the factors causing low bone mineral density among elderly women are the same as those observed in other age groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was carried out on the medical records of a random sample of 413 white women seen at an imaging diagnostics service in a city of Southern Brazil, in 2003. Femoral bone mineral densities with adjustment using T-scores were used. The following variables were investigated: age, body mass index, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, milk consumption, physical activity and hormone replacement therapy. Univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the sample, 52.5% were up to 59 years old and 47.5% were 60 or over. The mean bone mineral density was 0.867 g/cm2 (SD=0.151) for the femoral neck. Significant age-adjusted values were obtained for physical activity (adjusted OR=0.47; 95% CI: 0.23;0.97), body mass index greater than or equal to 30.0 kg/m2 (adjusted OR=0.10; 95% CI: 0.05;0.21), alcohol consumption (adjusted OR=7.90; 95% CI: 2.17;28.75), low milk consumption (adjusted OR=3.29; 95% CI: 1.91;5.68) and hormone replacement (adjusted OR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.21;0.90). Among the elderly women, body mass, milk consumption and physical activity were independent protection factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advanced age, body mass, physical activity, milk and alcohol consumption were important factors in bone mass regulation. The influence of behavioral factors was maintained among the women of advanced aged, thus reinforcing the role of preventive measures in medical practice and public health promotion policies aimed at healthy aging.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação Mestrado em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, SP, Brasil. pafrazao@usp.br
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frazão
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naveira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D011859:Radiography; D012016:Reference Values; D044465:White People