title: Morphology and biology of Porphyrosela minuta Clarke 1953 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae, Lithocolletinae) in Uruguay.
abstract: Porphyrosela minuta Clarke is a gracillariid that causes damage on white clover (Trifolium repens) in Uruguay. In this article, the eggs, all the larval instars, the pupa and the external morphological characteristics of the adult are described. Information about the insect's biology under laboratory and field conditions is presented. The eggs are laid singly on the upper surface of the leaflets. The larvae make extensive mines that appear as white blotches. The larvae develop through five instars and do not remain exposed during their development. At 25 degrees C the life cycle lasted 16.2 days, made up of 3.0 for eggs, 8.8 for larvae and 4.4 for pupae. Females began laying on the first night, and during an oviposition period that varied between five and 12 days deposited an average of 71.8 eggs. It is a multivoltine species and seven to nine generations occur between November and the end of March.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Agronomía, Univ. de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Carlos M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bentancourt
authors.forename: Iris B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Scatoni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007814:Larva / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000502:physiology; D029902:Medicago; D010058:Oviposition / Q000502:physiology; D011679:Pupa / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014583:Uruguay