title: Assessing the anticipated consequences of Computer-based Provider Order Entry at three community hospitals using an open-ended, semi-structured survey instrument.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine what "average" clinicians in organizations that were about to implement Computer-based Provider Order Entry (CPOE) were expecting to occur, we conducted an open-ended, semi-structured survey at three community hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  We created an open-ended, semi-structured, interview survey template that we customized for each organization. This interview-based survey was designed to be administered orally to clinicians and take approximately 5 min to complete, although clinicians were allowed to discuss as many advantages or disadvantages of the impending system roll-out as they wanted to.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our survey findings did not reveal any overly negative, critical, problematic, or striking sets of concerns. However, from the standpoint of unintended consequences, we found that clinicians were anticipating only a few of the events, emotions, and process changes that are likely to result from CPOE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of such an open-ended survey may prove useful in helping CPOE leaders to understand user perceptions and predictions about CPOE, because it can expose issues about which more communication, or discussion, is needed. Using the survey, implementation strategies and management techniques outlined in this paper, any chief information officer (CIO) or chief medical information officer (CMIO) should be able to adequately assess their organization's CPOE readiness, make the necessary mid-course corrections, and be prepared to deal with the currently identified unintended consequences of CPOE should they occur.
authors.affiliation: Medical Informatics Department, Northwest Permanente, Portland, OR 97227, USA. dean.f.sittig@kp.org
authors.forename: Dean F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Sittig
authors.forename: Joan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ash
authors.forename: Ken P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Guappone
authors.forename: Emily M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Dykstra
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003625:Data Collection; D006764:Hospitals, Community / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D050316:Medical Order Entry Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009922:Oregon; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000379:methods*