title: Variations of p38 MAPK and sICAM-1 with therapeutic effect of different resuscitation fluids on severe traumatic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the dynamic variation and action mechanism of sICAM-1 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signal transduction in human severe trauma and resuscitation, as well as the effect of lactated Ringer's solution(LR), 7.5% sodium chloride solution(HS) and 20% albumin injection(ALB) on the incidence and mortality of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two severe trauma patients (ISS score 16-43) were divided into ISS < or = 25 and ISS > 25 groups (each group was subdivided into LR, HS and ALB groups). ELISA was used to measure the concentration of sICAM-1. Western blot was used to measure the expression of p38 MAPK.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with LR group, the transfusion volume needed for maintaining systolic blood pressure > or = 90 mm Hg was significantly decreased in HS and ALB groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the concentration of blood sICAM-1 and the expression of p38 MAPK was elevated from 4 to 48 hours after trauma in all experimental groups (P < 0.05-0.01). At 4, 12, and 24 hours, there was significant correlation between the expression of p38 MAPK and sICAM-1 (P < 0.01). Compared with LR group, sICAM-1 and p38 MAPK in HS and ALB groups were decreased (P < 0.05). sICAM-1 and p38 MAPK were significantly higher in the group of ISS > 25 than that of ISS < or = 25 (P < 0.05). MODS incidence and mortality were significantly higher in the group of ISS > 25 than that of ISS < or = 25 (P < 0.05). MODS incidence and mortality were lower in HS and ALB groups than LR group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The up-regulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophil-endotheliocytes (PMN-EC) adhesion may be due to the increased sICAM-1 expression during severe trauma. The up-regulation of sICAM-1 expression is correlated with the activation of p38 MAPK. During severe trauma, the levels of sICAM-1 and p38 MAPK, as well as the incidence and mortality of MODS are lower when HS and ALB are used than single lactated LR solution is used.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. meibing@public4.sta.net.cn
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bing
authors.forename: Huo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng-lu
authors.forename: Cao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xian
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000418:Albumins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D012151:Resuscitation; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013599:Systole; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases