title: Retrocollis: classification, clinical phenotype, treatment outcomes and risk factors.
abstract: Retrocollis (RC) is a form of cervical dystonia (CD) that produces patterned, repetitive muscle contractions that result in neck extension. We performed a review of consecutive CD patients seen in our Division over a 15-year period. Out of 399 CD patients, 59 (14.8%) had features of RC. Pain was very frequently reported among patients ( approximately 80%). RC was frequently associated with neuroleptic exposure (20.3%) and a history of head/neck trauma (23.7%). Of patients injected with botulinum toxin type A, 24.5% reported excellent, 32.1% moderate, 16.9% mild and 24.5% no response to injections. Oral antidystonic medications had limited contribution to symptom relief.
authors.affiliation: Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA. spapapetropoulos@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Spiridon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papapetropoulos
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baez
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zitser
authors.forename: Cenk
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sengun
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014103:Torticollis / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A