title: Temperamental reactivity and negative emotionality in uncooperative children referred to specialized paediatric dentistry compared to children in ordinary dental care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current treatment of children with dental behaviour management problems (DBMP) is based on the presupposition that their difficulties are caused by dental fear, but is this always the case?
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to study temperamental reactivity, negative emotionality, and other personal characteristics in relation to DBMP in 8- to 12-year-old children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six children referred because of DBMP (study group) and 110 children in ordinary dental care (reference group) participated. The EASI tempramental survey assessed temperamental reactivity and negative emotionality, the Child Behaviour Questionnaire internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems, and the Children's Fear Survey Schedule general and dental fears. Cluster analyses and tree-based modelling were used for data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the five clusters identified, one could be characterized as 'balanced temperament'. Thirty-five per cent of the reference group compared to only 7% of the study group belonged to this cluster. Negative emotionality was the most important sorting variable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children referred because of DBMP differed from children in ordinary dental care, not only in dental fear level, but also in personal characteristics. Few of the referred children were characterized by a balanced temperament profile. It is important to consider the dual impact of emotion dysregulation and emotional reactivity in the development of DBMP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, Postgraduate Dental Education Center, Orebro, Sweden. kristina.arnrup@orebroll.se
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arnrup
authors.forename: Anders G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Broberg
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Berggren
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bodin
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D001288:Attention; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D003729:Dental Care / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005190:Family; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005639:Frustration; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007508:Irritable Mood; D008297:Male; D010377:Pediatric Dentistry; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012792:Shyness; D012923:Social Class; D012951:Socialization; D013694:Temperament