High tumoral levels of Kiss1 and G-protein-coupled receptor 54 expression are correlated with poor prognosis of estrogen receptor-positive breast tumors.
KiSS1 is a putative metastasis suppressor gene in melanoma and breast cancer-encoding kisspeptins, which are also described as neuroendocrine regulators of the gonadotropic axis. Negative as well as positive regulation of KiSS1 gene expression by estradiol (E(2)) has been reported in the hypothalamus. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha level is recognized as a marker of breast cancer, raising the question of whether expression of KiSS1 and its G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR54) is down- or upregulated by estrogens in breast cancer cells. KiSS1 was found to be expressed in MDA-MB-231, MCF7, and T47D cell lines, but not in ZR75-1, L56Br, and MDA-MB-435 cells. KiSS1 mRNA levels decreased significantly in ERalpha-negative MDA-MB-231 cells expressing recombinant ERalpha. In contrast, tamoxifen (TAM) treatment of ERalpha-positive MCF7 and T47D cells increased KiSS1 and GPR54 levels. The clinical relevance of this negative regulation of KiSS1 and GPR54 by E(2) was then studied in postmenopausal breast cancers. KiSS1 mRNA increased with the grade of the breast tumors. ERalpha-positive invasive primary tumors expressed sevenfold lower KiSS1 levels than ERalpha-negative tumors. Among ERalpha-positive breast tumors from postmenopausal women treated with TAM, high KiSS1 combined with high GPR54 mRNA tumoral levels was unexpectedly associated with shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) relative to tumors expressing low tumoral mRNA levels of both genes. The contradictory observation of putative metastasis inhibitor role of kisspeptins and RFS to TAM treatment suggests that evaluation of KiSS1 and its receptor tumoral mRNA levels could be new interesting markers of the tumoral resistance to anti-estrogen treatment.
Marot
Didier
D
Vectorologie et Transfert de Gènes, CNRS UMR 8121, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France.
Bieche
Ivan
I
Aumas
Chantal
C
Esselin
Stéphanie
S
Bouquet
Céline
C
Vacher
Sophie
S
Lazennec
Gwendal
G
Perricaudet
Michel
M
Kuttenn
Frederique
F
Lidereau
Rosette
R
de Roux
Nicolas
N
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D059648:Kisspeptins; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics*; D000074502:Receptors, Kisspeptin-1; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D004967:Estrogens; C106628:KISS1 protein, human; C118688:KISS1R protein, human; D059648:Kisspeptins; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000074502:Receptors, Kisspeptin-1; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D013629:Tamoxifen