title: Comparison of fetal lung area to head circumference ratio with lung volume in the prediction of postnatal outcome in diaphragmatic hernia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare prediction of postnatal survival in isolated diaphragmatic hernia by prenatal two-dimensional (2D) versus three-dimensional (3D) sonographic assessment of the contralateral lung.
  
  
  METHODS
  The lung area to head circumference ratio (LHR) of the contralateral lung was measured and expressed as a percentage of the normal mean for gestation (O/E) in 47 fetuses with isolated diaphragmatic hernia at 26 (range, 21-36) weeks of gestation. The lung area was measured by tracing the limits of the lungs (LHR trace) and by multiplying the longest diameter by its perpendicular (LHR diameters). The contralateral lung volume was measured by the Virtual Organ Computer-Aided anaLysis method and the O/E was calculated. Regression analysis was used to determine the significance of the LHRs and volume in the prediction of postnatal survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survival rate was 59.6% (28 of 47). There were significant associations between O/E LHR trace and O/E LHR diameters, and between each O/E LHR and O/E volume, but multiple regression analysis demonstrated that significant prediction of survival was provided only by O/E LHR trace and intrathoracic herniation of the liver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In diaphragmatic hernia prenatal prediction of postnatal outcome is better by 2D measurement of LHR trace than it is by 3D measurement of lung volume.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Prenatal and Gynecological Ultrasound and Fetal Therapy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Jani
authors.forename: C F A
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Peralta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benachi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Done
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nicolaides
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Deprest
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006257:Head / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology; D006548:Hernia, Diaphragmatic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014463:Ultrasonography