title: Assessment of value of the sentinel lymph node biopsy in melanoma in children and adolescents and applicability of subcutaneous infusion anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The management of pediatric melanoma is controversial but equates that of adults. Lymphatic mapping with sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is proposed as standard of care for patients with primary melanoma. The operation can be done with general or local anesthesia in adults. The goal of this study was to determine the applicability of subcutaneous infusion anesthesia (SIA) for SLN biopsy in children and adolescents, as well as to assess complications of this procedure and to document outcome of patients with melanoma in this particular age group after SLN biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Charts of patients with melanomas on the trunk and extremities who underwent lymphatic mapping and SLN biopsy in SIA between November 2000 and January 2006 revealed 13 patients with age 21 years or less. Tumescent solutions with lidocaine (0.2%) were used for SLN biopsy. Patient demographics, tumor thickness, Clark level, location of primary melanoma, ulceration, number of SLNs, number of positive nodes, and follow-up of patients were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 13 patients (age range, 12-21), SLN biopsy was performed. Mean tumor thickness was 1.8 mm (range, 1.0-7.0), none of these melanomas showed ulceration. The operation was tolerated in SIA by all patients; none had any associated complications. Of 13 patients, 5 (38.5%) had positive sentinel nodes. Three patients underwent completion lymph node dissection, and no further positive nodes were found. After a mean follow-up of 29.2 months (range, 13-68), all patients were found disease-free.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sentinel lymph node biopsy in SIA can safely be performed in children and adolescents with primary melanomas. Further studies are necessary to determine the prognostic information and therapeutic implications of SLN biopsy in this patient group.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. gerda.topar@i-med.ac.at
authors.forename: Gerda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Topar
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zelger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D003102:Colloids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue; D013667:Technetium / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D003102:Colloids; D004396:Coloring Agents; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D013667:Technetium; D008012:Lidocaine; C008769:sulfan blue