title: Antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella in Russian rooks (Corvus frugilegus) wintering in the Czech Republic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates in rooks wintering in the Czech Republic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred and sixty-three faeces samples from rooks were examined for antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella. Altogether 13.7%E. coli isolates were resistant to antimicrobial agents tested. The dominant type of resistance was to tetracycline. Resistant E. coli isolates were examined for antibiotic resistance genes and class 1 integrons. Five of 29 antibiotic resistant isolates possessed the int1 gene. Nine Salmonella isolates (2.5%) were found in rook faeces. All the isolates belonged to serotype Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type PT8 and PT23.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggests that rooks can be infected by antibiotic resistant E. coli and Salmonella isolates, probably reflecting the presence of such isolates in their sources of food and/or water in the environment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rooks can serve as reservoirs and vectors of antibiotic resistant E. coli and Salmonella isolates and potentially transmit these isolates over long distances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Literák
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vanko
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dolejská
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cízek
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karpísková
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D046368:Crows / Q000382:microbiology*; D018153:Czech Republic; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D032023:Integrons; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000382:microbiology; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents