title: Correlation between Apoptosis and Histological Grade of Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the relationship between histological grade and apoptotic index (AI) in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of urinary bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 75 patients with TCC, who undergone transurethral resection (TUR) were studied. One 3-micron section was provided from each TUR samples. In one section after hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, tumor grade was determined according to World Health Organization/International Society of Urology and Pathology (WHO/ISUP) criteria. The apoptotic cells were determined using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique. Apoptotic index was then obtained as the percent of TUNEL positive cells from observations of at least 1000 cells in each section.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-nine patients were men and 26 were women. Mean age was 56.349 years. Mean AI was 2.300.50. The relationship between grade and AI was significant (p=0.000, r=0.551); a higher grade was associated with a higher AI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apoptosis index has a positive correlation with bladder TCC's grade. Further studies are needed to better determine the effect of apoptosis index on prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jalalinadoushan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peivareh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azizzadeh Delshad