title: Smoking cessation treatment by Dutch respiratory nurses: reported practice, attitudes and perceived effectiveness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe Dutch respiratory nurses' current smoking cessation practices, attitudes and beliefs, and to compare these with a survey from the year 2000, before the national introduction of a protocol for the treatment of nicotine and tobacco addiction (the L-MIS protocol).
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaire survey among all 413 registered respiratory nurses in the Netherlands in 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 62%. Seventy-seven percent of the respondents reported to have "fairly good" or "good" knowledge of all steps of the L-MIS protocol. Seven out of 10 behavioural techniques for smoking cessation from the protocol were used by more than 94% of the respondents. Seventy-four percent of the respiratory nurses recommended the use of either nicotine replacement therapy (70%) or bupropion (44%). Almost two-thirds (65% of 254) perceived lack of patient's motivation as the most important barrier for smoking cessation treatment; a four-fold increase compared to the year 2000.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that respiratory nurses are compliant with the L-MIS protocol. They offer intensive support and use behavioural techniques for smoking cessation more frequently than evidence-based pharmacological aids for smoking cessation. Perceived lack of patient's motivation forms the most important threat to respiratory nurses' future smoking cessation activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  International guidelines acknowledge that respiratory patients have a more urgent need to stop smoking but have more difficulty doing so. They should be offered the most intensive smoking cessation counselling in combination with pharmacotherapy. This kind of counselling may be more feasible for respiratory nurses than for physicians who often lack time. Their efforts could be increased by reimbursing pharmacological aids for smoking cessation and by developing simple tools to systematically assess motivation to quit and psychiatric co-morbidity in smoking patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, The Netherlands. d.kotz@hag.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kotz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Litsenburg
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Duurling
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: van Schayck
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wesseling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003376:Counseling / Q000592:standards; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004506:Education, Nursing; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D012138:Respiratory Therapy / Q000193:education / Q000451:nursing*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012907:Smoking / Q000188:drug therapy; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012944:Social Support