Topological phases for composite particles with dynamic properties.
We show that, if a given electromagnetic property of a particle is allowed to vary during an evolution where the particle will accrue a topological phase, then it is both the time average and the statistical variance of this property which will affect the observable phenomena. The time average is shown to affect the topological aspect of the phase. This is in addition to a second smaller dynamical phase term, which depends upon only the variance of the changing property. The theory is illustrated in reference to the time dependence of the dipole moment in both the Aharonov-Casher and He-McKellar-Wilkens effects.
Horsley
S A R
SA
Department Of Physics, University Of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
Babiker
M
M