Immunophenotypic alterations in acute and early HIV infection.
To understand the extent of immune dysregulation in primary HIV infection (PHI) and the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on restoring these abnormalities, we longitudinally evaluated 52 subjects (Acute-Treated (AT); Early-Treated (ET); Early Untreated (EU)) for markers of activation, proliferation, and function on T cells. ET and AT patients differed by 0.54 log viral load (VL) at baseline but did not differ thereafter by more than 0.34 log10 VL. AT subjects had higher CD8(+) T cell counts and expression of markers indicative of CD8(+) T cell activation (CD38), and proliferation (Ki67), at baseline, than ET subjects but were not different 48 weeks post-ART. Although acute PHI is marked by higher level of immune activation than early PHI, virologic and immunologic responses were similar post-ART, suggesting that the extent of immunologic recovery is not negatively impacted by a delay of treatment beyond the acute stage of disease.
Al-Harthi
Lena
L
Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. lalharth@rush.edu
MaWhinney
Sam
S
Connick
Elizabeth
E
Schooley
Robert T
RT
Forster
Jeri E
JE
Benson
Constance
C
Thompson
Melanie
M
Judson
Franklyn
F
Palella
Frank
F
Landay
Alan
A
D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019562:Viral Load
D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1