title: Laboratory trials to infect insects and nematodes by some acaropathogenic Hirsutella strains (Mycota: Clavicipitaceous anamorphs).
abstract: Laboratory assays have been carried out to artificially infect insect larvae of the birch bark-beetle (Scolytus ratzeburgi Jans.-Coleoptera, Scolytidae) and codling moth Cydia pomonella L. -Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) as well as the potato cyst nematode-Globodera rostochiensis Wollenweber, sugar beet nematode-Heterodera schachtii Schmidt and root-knot nematode-Meloidogyne hapla Chif (Nematoda, Heteroderidae), by the phialoconidia of some fungal species of the genus Hirsutella. From among four species tested on insects only H. nodulosa Petch infected about 20% of S. ratzeburgi larvae, whereas H. kirchneri (Rostrup) Minter, Brady et Hall, H. minnesotensis Chen, Liu et Chen, and H. rostrata Bałazy et Wiśniewski did not affect insect larvae. Only single eggs of the root-knot nematode were infected by H. minnesotensis in the laboratory trials, whereas its larvae remained unaffected. No infection cases of the potato cyst nematode (G. rostochiensis) and sugar beet nematode eggs were obtained. Comparisons of DNA-ITS-region sequences of the investigated strains with GenBank data showed no differences between H. minnesotensis isolates from the nematodes Heterodera glycines Ichinohe and from tarsonemid mites (authors' isolate). A fragment of ITS 2 with the sequence characteristic only for H. minnesotensis was selected. Two cluster analyses indicated close similarity of this species to H. thompsonii as sister clades, but the latter appeared more heterogenous. Insect and mite pathogenic species H. nodulosa localizes close to specialized aphid pathogen H. aphidis, whereas the phytophagous mite pathogens H. kirchneri and H. gregis form a separate sister clade. Hirsutella rostrata does not show remarkable relations to the establishment of aforementioned groups. Interrelated considerations on the morphology, biology and DNA sequencing of investigated Hirsutella species state their identification more precisely and facilitate the establishment of systematic positions.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Agricultural and Forest Environment PAS, Bukowska 19, 60-809 Poznań, Poland. balazy@man.poznan.pl
authors.forename: Stanisław
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bałazy
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wrzosek
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sosnowska
authors.forename: Cezary
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tkaczuk
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muszewska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000382:microbiology*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D007814:Larva / Q000382:microbiology; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000382:microbiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods; D010802:Phylogeny; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal