title: Crouzon with acanthosis nigricans. Further delineation of the syndrome.
abstract: Patients with Crouzon and acanthosis nigricans syndrome show craniofacial features similar to those observed in patients with classic Crouzon syndrome, in addition to acanthosis nigricans with peculiar characteristics. More severe physical manifestations, such as Chiari malformation, hydrocephalus, and atresia or stenosis of the choanas, which are unusual in individuals with classic Crouzon syndrome, are reported in these patients. The molecular abnormality associated with Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans (CAN) is a transition in the transmembrane domain of the FGFR3 gene that results in an Ala391Glu mutation. We describe two unrelated patients showing this mutation and compare their clinical features with those of other patients with CAN reported in the literature. In addition to craniosynostosis with crouzonoid facies and acanthosis nigricans (present in all patients), melanocytic nevi, choanal atresia or stenosis, hydrocephalus, Chiari malformations and oral abnormalities were observed in the majority of the 35 patients analyzed. Vertebral anomalies and conductive hearing loss were present with less frequency. Some characteristics considered typical of this condition (jaw cementomas, acanthomas and finger abnormalities) were absent in most of the patients.
authors.affiliation: División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, México.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arnaud-López
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fragoso
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mantilla-Capacho
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barros-Núñez
mesh_terms: D000052:Acanthosis Nigricans / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000293:Adolescent; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003394:Craniofacial Dysostosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017354:Point Mutation; D051498:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3 / Q000235:genetics; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: C496365:FGFR3 protein, human; D051498:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3