title: Renal cell cancer.
abstract: Metastatic renal cell cancer has traditionally been treated with interferon and interleukin-2. An improved understanding of the biology of renal cancer has engendered novel targeted therapeutic agents that have altered the natural history of this disease. The vascular endothelial growth factor and its related receptor and the mammalian target of rapamycin signal transduction pathway in particular have been utilized as therapeutic targets. Sunitinib malate, sorafenib tosylate, temsirolimus, and bevacizumab/interferon alfa have improved clinical outcomes in randomized trials. Other antiangiogenic agents have also demonstrated activity in early studies. Given the availability of multiple treatment options, several questions emerge as to how to integrate these new therapies into the management of metastatic renal cell cancer. Recently reported and planned clinical trials will help clarify the role of these agents. The future of therapy for renal cancer appears promising owing to the efficacy of these novel agents.
authors.affiliation: Genitourinary Oncology Program, Texas Oncology, PA, Baylor Sammons Cancer Center, and US Oncology Research Network, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Hutson
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Figlin
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases