title: Reconciliation of ontology and terminology to cope with linguistics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the relationships between ontologies, terminologies and language in the context of Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications in order to show the negative consequences of confusing them.
  
  
  METHODS
  The viewpoints of the terminologist and (computational) linguist are developed separately, and then compared, leading to the presentation of reconciliation among these points of view, with consideration of the role of the ontologist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In order to encourage appropriate usage of terminologies, guidelines are presented advocating the simultaneous publication of pragmatic vocabularies supported by terminological material based on adequate ontological analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ontologies, terminologies and natural languages each have their own purpose. Ontologies support machine understanding, natural languages support human communication, and terminologies should form the bridge between them. Therefore, future terminology standards should be based on sound ontology and do justice to the diversities in natural languages. Moreover, they should support local vocabularies, in order to be easily adaptable to local needs and practices.
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals of Geneva, Service d'Informatique Médicale, Switzerland. Robert.Baud@sim.hcuge.ch
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Baud
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ceusters
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruch
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rassinoux
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lovis
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geissbühler
mesh_terms: D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D008037:Linguistics; D009323:Natural Language Processing; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D018875:Vocabulary, Controlled