title: Somatic symptoms and diseases are more common in women exposed to violence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure to violence has been shown to have an impact on somatic health. However, our knowledge about the possible dose-response relationship between frequency of violence exposure and health is still limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the associations between recent and repetitive exposure to violence and presence of somatic symptoms and diseases in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, community-based, self-reporting survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two thousand seven hundred thirty women aged 18-40 years (mean age 30.5 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  The somatic symptom scale derived from the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders was used to obtain information on the presence of somatization. In addition, we asked about the presence of 11 diseases or organ-specific diseases. Exposure to violence was measured by the Abuse Assessment Screen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen percent (486/2,730) of women surveyed reported exposure to physical violence. Three percent (94/2,730) had been forced into sexual intercourse as an adult. All somatic symptoms, and several diseases, were significantly more common in women exposed to physical and/or sexual violence as compared to nonexposed women. Women exposed to 3 or more violent episodes in the past 12 months reported a presence of 4.8 somatic symptoms and 1.2 diseases (mean) as compared to 1.8 symptoms and 0.5 diseases in nonexposed women. Women with exposure to both physical and sexual violence reported 6.0 symptoms and 1.5 diseases. The impact of violence on somatic symptoms and diseases remained after controlling for depression and sociodemographic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Violence was associated with the presence of somatic symptoms and diseases. The more a woman is exposed to violence, the higher the number of somatic symptoms and diseases reported is.
authors.affiliation: Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. megr@fhi.no
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eberhard-Gran
authors.forename: Berit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schei
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eskild
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018585:Battered Women / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004194:Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000523:psychology*; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D016387:Women's Health