title: Willingness of minorities to participate in biomedical studies: confirmatory findings from a follow-up study using the Tuskegee Legacy Project Questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this analysis were to compare the self-reported willingness of blacks, Puerto-Rican Hispanics and whites to participate as research subjects in biomedical studies, and to determine the reliability of the Tuskegee Legacy Project Questionnaire (TLP).
  
  
  METHODS
  The TLP Questionnaire, initially used in a four-city study in 1999-2000, was administered in a follow-up study within a random-digit-dial telephone survey to a stratified random sample of adults in three different U.S. cities: Baltimore, MD; New York City; and San Juan, PR. The questionnaire, a 60-item instrument, contains two validated scales: the Likelihood of Participation (LOP) Scale and the Guinea Pig Fear Factor (GPFF) Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusting for age, sex, education, income and city, the LOP Scale was not statistically significantly different for the racial/ethnic groups (ANCOVA, p=87). The GPFF Scale was statistically significantly higher for blacks and Hispanics as compared to whites (adjusted ANCOVA, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The of the findings from the current three-city study, as well as from our prior four-city study, are remarkably similar and reinforce the conclusion that blacks and Hispanics self-report that, despite having a higher fear of participation, they are just as likely as whites to participate in biomedical research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, NYU College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA. ralph.katz@nyu.edu
authors.forename: Ralph V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: B Lee
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Nancy R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Kressin
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Claudio
authors.forename: Min Qi
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Stefanie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D015142:Baltimore; D035843:Biomedical Research; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000523:psychology*; D011287:Prejudice; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011647:Puerto Rico; D035842:Research Subjects / Q000523:psychology*; D012935:Social Justice; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology