title: The Wip1 Phosphatase acts as a gatekeeper in the p53-Mdm2 autoregulatory loop.
abstract: The tumor suppressor p53 is a transcription factor that responds to cellular stresses by initiating cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. One transcriptional target of p53 is Mdm2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that interacts with p53 to promote its proteasomal degradation in a negative feedback regulatory loop. Here we show that the wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1), or PPM1D, downregulates p53 protein levels by stabilizing Mdm2 and facilitating its access to p53. Wip1 interacts with and dephosphorylates Mdm2 at serine 395, a site phosphorylated by the ATM kinase. Dephosphorylated Mdm2 has increased stability and affinity for p53, facilitating p53 ubiquitination and degradation. Thus, Wip1 acts as a gatekeeper in the Mdm2-p53 regulatory loop by stabilizing Mdm2 and promoting Mdm2-mediated proteolysis of p53.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. larry@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Xiongbin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Ou
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Thuy-Ai
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Stephen N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oren
authors.forename: Lawrence A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Donehower
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004249:DNA Damage; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009154:Mutation; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D000071636:Protein Phosphatase 2C; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000528:radiation effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000076084:Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 7
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D025801:Ubiquitin; D012694:Serine; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; C497207:Mdm2 protein, mouse; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; C576325:Atm protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C000607458:PPM1D protein, human; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; C000607468:Ppm1d protein, mouse; D000071636:Protein Phosphatase 2C; C464569:USP7 protein, human; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; D000076084:Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 7; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex