title: Inhibition of Lewis lung carcinoma growth by Toxoplasma gondii through induction of Th1 immune responses and inhibition of angiogenesis.
abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that induces antitumor activity against certain types of cancers. However, little information is available regarding the immunologic mechanisms that regulate these effects. For this purpose, C57BL/6 mice were administered either the T. gondii Me49 strain orally or Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells intramuscularly. Survival rates, tumor size, histopathology, and immune responses were determined for each group, and angiogenesis was evaluated by in vivo Matrigel plug assay. Toxoplasma-infected (TG-injected) mice survived the entire experimental period, whereas cancer cell-bearing (LLC-injected) mice died within six weeks. Mice injected with both T. gondii and cancer cells (TG/LLC-injected group) showed significantly increased survival rates, CD8+ T-cell percentages, IFN-gamma mRNA expression levels, serum IgG2a titers, and CTL responses as compared to the LLC-injected mice. In addition, angiogenesis in the TG/LLC-injected mice was notably inhibited. These effects in TG/LCC-injected mice were similar or were increased by the addition of an adjuvant, Quil-A. However, TG/LLC-injected mice showed decreased percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, IFN-gamma mRNA expression levels, and serum IgG1 and IgG2a titers as compared to TG-injected mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that T. gondii infection inhibits tumor growth in the Lewis lung carcinoma mouse model through the induction of Th1 immune responses and antiangiogenic activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Ock
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Sun Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae Yun
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dae Whan
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Jae Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Ha
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018827:Carcinoma, Lewis Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007371:Interferon-gamma