title: [Vaccines: producers in countries of the Southern hemisphere].
abstract: Vaccine producers in southern hemisphere countries now contribute significantly to global output. In 2006 southern hemisphere countries accounted for more than 10% of the total worldwide production with a progression approximately 70% greater than all producers combined in the two-year period between 2004 and 2006. Though difficult to measure, production in volume is higher due to lower prices practiced in most of these countries. For many years before the 1980s, production was scattered among numerous limited-scale companies. Most were founded at the initiative of governments striving to cover the needs of the population for essential vaccines. A number of institutions and private structures such as Institut Pasteur Production, Connaught Laboratories, and Institut Merieux have also set up production facilities. Today's producers can be divided into two categories, i.e., local producers that produce mainly monovalent vaccines and worldwide producers with strong R&D investment programs. Local producers are located mainly in large southern hemisphere countries such as China, India, Brazil, and Indonesia as well as in eastern countries. For the most dynamic companies, international development is focused on southern hemisphere countries excluding North America and Europe. With the support international organization such as WHO, UNICEF and GAVI, alliances are now being formed and networks are being organized in an effort to ensure reliable supplies of high quality vaccines at affordable prices in developing countries. The contribution of these producers will increase for the greater benefit of the people living in the southern hemisphere.
authors.affiliation: Conseils de Guerbet, Neovacs et Cytheris, France. jj.bertrand@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bertrand
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D001938:Brazil; D002681:China; D003462:Cuba; D003906:Developing Countries; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007390:International Agencies; D007391:International Cooperation; D007723:Korea; D017149:Private Sector / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017150:Public Sector / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012426:Russia; D014480:United Nations; D014612:Vaccines / Q000592:standards / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines