title: Reversible unilateral nigrostriatal pathway inhibition induced through expression of adenovirus-mediated clostridial light chain gene in the substantia nigra.
abstract: Clostridial light chain (LC) inhibits synaptic transmission by digesting a vesicle-docking protein, synaptobrevin, without killing neurons. We here report the feasibility of creating a rat hemiparkinsonism model through LC gene expression in the substantia nigra (SN), inhibiting nigrostriatal transmission. 40 adult Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups for SN injections of PBS, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), or adenoviral vectors for the expression of LC (AdLC), or GFP (AdGFP). Amphetamine and apomorphine induced rotations were assessed before and after SN injection, revealing significant rotational alterations at 8 or 10 days after injection in both AdLC and 6-OHDA but not PBS and AdGFP groups. Induced rotation recovered by one month in AdLC rats but persisted in 6-OHDA rats. Histological analysis of the SN revealed LC and GFP expression with corresponding synaptobrevin depletion in the LC, but not the GFP groups. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed markedly decreased staining in ipsilateral SN and striatum in 6-OHDA but not AdLC or AdGFP rats. Similarly, compared with contralateral, ipsilateral striatal dopamine level only decreased in 6-OHDA but not AdLC, AdGFP, or PBS treated rats. Thus, LC expression induces nigral synaptobrevin depletion with resulting inhibition of nigrostriatal synaptic transmission. Unlike 6-OHDA, LC expression inhibits synaptic activity without killing neurons. This approach, therefore, represents a potentially reversible means of nigrostriatal pathway inhibition as a model for Parkinson's disease. Such a model might facilitate transient and controlled nigral inhibition for studying striatal recovery, dopaminergic re-innervation, and normalization of striatal receptors following the recovery of nigrostriatal transmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Qingshan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Garrity-Moses
authors.forename: Shearwood
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McClelland
authors.forename: Thais
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Federici
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carlton
authors.forename: Jonathon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Nicholas M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Boulis
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D003013:Clostridium / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D016627:Oxidopamine; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050683:R-SNARE Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission; D013744:Tetanus Toxin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D050683:R-SNARE Proteins; D013744:Tetanus Toxin; D016627:Oxidopamine; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C093556:zinc-endopeptidase, tetanus neurotoxin; D004298:Dopamine