title: Drug interactions involving ethanol and alcoholic beverages.
abstract: Ethanol is likely among the most widely and extensively used drugs in the world. It has also been demonstrated to alter the expression or activity of some drug-metabolizing enzymes. Thus, marked ethanol-provoked drug interactions could be of notable clinical importance. To date, relatively few clinically important interactions have been reported, involving cocaine, disulfiram and tacrolimus. Limited or modest interactions with ethanol have also been reported for drugs such as abacavir, cisapride, 'ecstasy' (3,4-methylenedioxymetamfetamine), gamma-hydroxybutyrate, methylyphenidate, metronidazole and verapamil. Most of these interactions do not seem to involve CYP2E1, the enzyme initially characterized and cloned based on its ability to metabolize and be induced by ethanol. Important work has elucidated the relationship between CYP2E1-mediated formation of the hepatotoxic metabolite of acetaminophen and alcohol consumption. Lastly, drug interactions involving other components of alcoholic beverages such as flavonoid and other polyphenolic components of red wine have been reported.
authors.affiliation: Amgen, Inc., Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA. gjang@amgen.com
authors.forename: Graham R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Robert Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004347:Drug Interactions; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D013267:Stilbenes; D000431:Ethanol; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human; D000077185:Resveratrol