title: A comparison of some anthropometric parameters between an Italian and a UK population: "proof of principle" of a European project using MammoGrid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the use of grid technology to produce a database of mammograms and supporting patient data, specifically using breast density as a biomarker of risk for breast cancer, for epidemiological purposes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cohort comprised 1737 women from the UK and Italy, aged 28-87 years, mean 54.7 years, who underwent mammography after giving consent to the use of their data in the project. Information regarding height, weight, and exposure data (mAs and kV) was recorded. The computer program Generate-SMF was applied to all films in the database to measure breast volume, dense breast volume, and thereby percentage density. Visual readings of density using a six-category classification system were also available for 596 women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The UK and Italian participants were similar in height, but the UK women were significantly heavier with a slightly higher body mass index (BMI), despite being younger. Both absolute and percentage breast density were significantly higher in the Udine cohort. Images from the medio-lateral projection (MLO) give a significantly lower percentage density than cranio-caudal (CC) images (p<0.0001). Total breast volume is negatively associated with percentage density, as are BMI and age (p<0.0001 for all), although 80% of the variability in percentage density remains unexplained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study offers proof of principle that confederated databases generated using Grid technology provide a useful and adaptable environment for large quantities of image, numerical, and qualitative data suitable for epidemiological research using the example of mammographic density as a biomarker of risk for breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. rmlw2@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: del Frate
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cordell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Highnam
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tromans
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Warsi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Estrella
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Solomonides
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Odeh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McClatchey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bazzocchi
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Amendolia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brady
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003195:Computer Communication Networks; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology