title: Constitutive association of MyD88 to IRAK in HTLV-I-transformed T cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Constitutive activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB is a common feature of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-transformed T cells. Inhibition of NF-kappaB activity reduces cell growth and induces apoptosis of HTLV-I-transformed T cells, suggesting a central role of NF-kappaB in their proliferation and survival. In this study, we investigated whether MyD88, an adaptor protein of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, contributes to constitutive NF-kappaB activation in HTLV-I-transformed T cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Activation status of MyD88 and interleukin (IL)-1R-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) in HTLV-I-transformed human T cells, MT2, MT4, and HUT102 was examined by using Western blot and immunoprecipitation. TLR expression was evaluated with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. An expression vector encoding a dominant negative MyD88 with a deletion of its death domain (MyD88dn) was transfected into MT2 cells to evaluate roles of MyD88 in spontaneous activation of cytokine gene promoters and transcription factors, proliferation, and apoptosis in HTLV-I-transformed T cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Constitutive association of MyD88 with IRAK1 was observed in all three of HTLV-I-transformed T cells, but not in HTLV-I-negative T cells, such as Jurkat, HUT78, and MOLT4. MT2 cells showed expression of TLR-1, -6, and -10 mRNAs. Constitutive activation of NF-kappaB and NF-IL-6 and cytokine gene promoters, such as IL-1alpha, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in MT2 cells was inhibited by MyD88dn expression. MyD88dn reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis of MT2 cells. HTLV-I Tax enhanced TLR expression and synergistically activated NF-kappaB with wild-type MyD88.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show a novel pathway in NF-kappaB activation in HTLV-I-transformed T cells and further demonstrate a critical role of MyD88 in their dysregulated gene activation, survival, and proliferation.
authors.affiliation: The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Takamitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizobe
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tsukada
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mouri
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Rena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanikawa
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Yoshiya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D017931:DNA Primers; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; C507779:MYD88 protein, human; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases