title: [Abnormal tongue position during production of Polish consonant sounds in persons with mandibular prognathism].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This work presents the results of research on the guality of articulation of patients with occlusion defects. Freguency of occurence the following matters has been presented: defects of speech, defective articulation of Polish consonantal phonemes, and undesirable phonetic features of non-normative articulation of phonemes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was done in 23 patients with mandibular prognathism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All subjects participating in this study were found to have speech disorders. Distortions in the phonation of Polish consonant phonemes /s, z, c, dz/, /ś, ź, ć, dź, ń, j/, /t, d, n/, /sz, z, cz, dz, l, r/ and /f, w / were found. Failure to elevate the tongue to various degrees during articulation was the most frequent undesirable manner of phonation. Disorted phonation in persons with mesioccusion seems to be caused by anatomical and functional abnormalities of the maxillofacial structure or anterior displacement of the tongue and the hyoid bone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to the frequent nature of speech disorders and serious articulation defects in persons with mandibular prognathism, the team of professionals treating this abnormality should include a speech therapist.
authors.affiliation: Zakład Pedagogiki Specjalnej Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego al. Wojska Polskiego 107/109, 70-483 Szczecin.
authors.forename: Lilianna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Konopska
mesh_terms: D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000150:complications*; D009056:Mouth Abnormalities / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009068:Movement; D010699:Phonation; D011044:Poland; D011378:Prognathism / Q000150:complications*; D013016:Sound; D014059:Tongue / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014060:Tongue Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D014833:Voice Quality