title: Hemorrhagic, coagulant and fibrino(geno)lytic activities of crude venom and fractions from mapanare (Bothrops colombiensis) snakes.
abstract: Bothrops colombiensis venom from two similar geographical locations were tested for their hemostatic functions and characterized by gel-filtration chromatography and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The snakes were from Caucagua and El Guapo towns of the Venezuelan state of Miranda. Fibrino(geno)lytic, procoagulant, hemorrhagic, lethal activities, gel-filtration chromatography and SDS-PAGE profiles were analyzed and compared for both venoms. The highest hemorrhagic activity of 5.3 mug was seen in El Guapo venom while Caucagua venom had the lowest LD(50) of 5.8 mg/kg. Both venoms presented similar thrombin-like activity. El Guapo showed a factor Xa-like activity two times higher than Caucagua. Differences were observed in kallikrein-like and t-PA activities, being highest in El Guapo. Caucagua venom showed the maximum fibrin lysis. Both crude venom runs on Sephadex G-100 chromatography gave fraction SII with the high fibrinolytic activity. Proteases presented in SII fractions and eluted from Benzamidine-Sepharose (not bound to the column) provoked a fast degradation of fibrinogen alpha chains and a slower degradation of beta chains, which could possibly be due to a higher content of alpha fibrinogenases in these venoms. The fibrinogenolytic activity was decreased by metalloprotease inhibitors. The results suggested that metalloproteases in SII fractions were responsible for the fibrinolytic activity. The analysis of samples for fibrin-zymography of SII fractions showed an active band with a molecular mass of approximately 30 kDa. These results reiterate the importance of using pools of venoms for antivenom immunization, to facilitate the neutralization of the maximum potential number of toxins.
authors.affiliation: Sección de Inmunoquímica, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: María E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Girón
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Elda E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Carmen L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Arocha-Piñango
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Acosta
authors.forename: Belsy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guerrero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D017837:Bothrops; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000633:toxicity*; D003911:Dextrans; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D015951:Factor Xa / Q000378:metabolism; D005337:Fibrin / Q000378:metabolism; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000378:metabolism; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D045726:Metalloproteases / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism; D014687:Venezuela
chemical_list: D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D003911:Dextrans; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D005337:Fibrin; D005340:Fibrinogen; C025614:sephadex; D045726:Metalloproteases; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D007610:Kallikreins; D013917:Thrombin; D015951:Factor Xa; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator