title: Effects of bortezomib on platelet aggregation and ATP release in human platelets, in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (PS-341) has been the first proteasome inhibitor that has entered clinical trials with its antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in patients with multiple myeloma. Recent studies indicate that proteasome inhibitors can be useful in prevention of experimental arterial thrombosis in renovascular hypertensive rat models. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of bortezomib on in vitro platelet aggregation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release of human platelets.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this purpose, platelet aggregation was induced in the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) using 3 microg ml(-1) collagen, 5 microM adenosine diphosphate (ADP), 10 microM epinephrine and 1 U ml(-1) thrombin and ATP release was induced by collagen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bortezomib showed an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation induced by ADP in human PRP in a dose- and time-dependent manner, whereas it had no effect on collagen-, epinephrin and thrombin-induced aggregation. ATP-release reaction induced by collagen was inhibited dose- and time-dependently by bortezomib, even though collagen-induced platelet aggregation was apparently not affected in human PRP. These findings indicate that bortezomib may be an antiaggregating agent and its' effects may be related to adenine nucleotide receptor dependent regulatory proteins which are important for physiological and pathophysiological cellular processes. However, our in vitro studies suggest that this hypothesis is inadequate to explain the observations completely. This phenomenon and its clinical implication justify further clinical investigations.
authors.affiliation: Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Haematology, Medical and Cancer Research Center, Ankara, Turkey. favcu@gata.edu.tr
authors.forename: Ferit
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Avcu
authors.forename: A Ugur
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Ural
authors.forename: Turker
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cetin
authors.forename: Oral
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nevruz
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000069286:Bortezomib; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001897:Boronic Acids; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D011719:Pyrazines; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000069286:Bortezomib; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate