title: Lung function and airway cytologic profiles in horses with recurrent airway obstruction maintained in low-dust environments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of long-term environmental management on airway obstruction and inflammation in horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) are unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Horses with RAO maintained in low-dust environments have persistent airway obstruction and neutrophilic inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study horses were treated for RAO and then maintained in low-dust environments with no medical management. Horses were classified into 3 groups by years after diagnosis: 1 year (time 1, n = 9), 2-3 years (time 2, n = 7), and 5-6 years (time 3, n = 8). The comparison groups were age-matched healthy horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, a clinical examination was performed, and the clinical score was calculated. Standard lung function, forced expiratory maneuvers, and the cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical scores of the RAO horses were higher than those of the non-RAO horses at time 2 (P = .018). Standard lung function data were not different between the groups at any time point. The forced expiratory flow between 75-95% of exhaled vital capacity was lower in RAO horses than in non-RAO horses at all time points (P < .02), indicating persistent peripheral airway obstruction. Cytologic evaluation of BALF revealed no difference in total nucleated cell numbers or differential cell counts between RAO and non-RAO horses at any time point.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The peripheral airway obstruction detected in horses with RAO maintained in low-dust environments likely is due to irreversible airway remodeling but is not associated with cytologic evidence of airway inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Purdue University School of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA. mmiskovi@purdue.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miskovic
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Couëtil
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004391:Dust; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D004391:Dust