title: One-year follow-up of a therapeutic lifestyle intervention targeting cardiovascular disease risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, we tested the efficacy of a low-intensity lifestyle intervention aimed at reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease among mid-life individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a randomized controlled trial in which participants were randomly assigned either to receive a health report card with counselling (from a Telehealth nurse) on smoking, exercise, nutrition and stress or to receive usual care. The patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of risk: the primary prevention group, with a Framingham risk score of 10% or higher (intervention, n = 157; control, n = 158), and the secondary prevention group, who had a diagnosis of coronary artery disease (intervention, n = 153; control, n = 143). The primary outcome was a change in the Framingham global risk score between baseline and 1-year follow-up. Data were analyzed separately for the 2 prevention groups using an intention-to-treat analysis controlling for covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within the primary prevention group, there were statistically significant changes for the treatment group relative to the controls, from baseline to year 1, in Framingham score (intervention, -3.10 [95% confidence interval (CI) -3.98 to -2.22]; control, -1.30 [95% CI -2.18 to -0.42]; p < 0.01) and scores for total cholesterol (intervention, -0.41 [95% CI -0.59 to -0.23]; control, -0.14 [95% CI -0.32 to 0.04]; p < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (intervention, -7.49 [95% CI -9.97 to -5.01]; control, -3.58 [95% CI -6.08 to -1.08]; p < 0.05), nutrition level (intervention, 0.30 [95% CI 0.13 to 0.47]; control, -0.05 [95% CI -0.22 to 0.12]; p < 0.01), and health confidence (intervention, 0.20 [95% CI 0.09 to 0.31]; control, 0.04 [95% CI -0.07 to 0.15]; p < 0.05), with adjustment for covariates. No significant changes in outcome variables were found for the secondary prevention group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found evidence for the efficacy of an intervention addressing multiple risk factors for primary prevention at 1 year using Framingham risk score report cards and telephone counselling. (Requirement for clinical trial registration waived [enrolment completed before requirement became applicable].).
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC. wister@sfu.ca
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wister
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Loewen
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kennedy-Symonds
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McGowan
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McCoy
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D001955:British Columbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011322:Primary Prevention; D012307:Risk Factors; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control; D013599:Systole; D017216:Telemedicine
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol