title: Ventriculosubgaleal shunts at Columbus Children's Hospital: Neurosurgical implant placement in the neonatal intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors review all cases in which ventriculosubgaleal (VSG) shunts were placed at Columbus Children's Hospital for the treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in order to assess the surgical procedure, effectiveness of surgery, and complications of cerebrospinal fluid diversion to the subgaleal space. The purpose of the review is to make a comparison between cases in which shunts were placed in the operating room (OR) and those in which they were placed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Considerations and complications specific to patient transport to the OR or surgical implantation in the NICU are discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen infants with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus were treated with VSG shunt placement over a period of 4 years. A retrospective analysis of these cases was performed to evaluate multiple aspects of the procedure. Specifically, the surgical procedure, duration of shunt function prior to shunt conversion, neuroimaging changes, operative complications, and risk of infection are discussed. The authors also performed a comparative analysis of shunt placement in the NICU and the OR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The length of the procedure was similar in the two locations. No differences in perioperative or intraoperative risks and no increased risk of infection were seen in either location in this pilot study. Interestingly, the mean lifespan of primary implants placed in the NICU (73 days) was longer than that of those placed in the OR (43 days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ventriculosubgaleal shunt placement offers a safe and effective temporary means of treating post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus and can be reliably and safely performed at the bedside.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbus Children's Hospital and Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. ckaras@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Chris S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Karas
authors.forename: Mirza N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Elton
mesh_terms: D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D009873:Operating Rooms; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012535:Scalp; D016896:Treatment Outcome