title: Goal-directed intraoperative therapy reduces morbidity and length of hospital stay in high-risk surgical patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative organ failures commonly occur after major abdominal surgery, increasing the utilization of resources and costs of care. Tissue hypoxia is a key trigger of organ dysfunction. A therapeutic strategy designed to detect and reverse tissue hypoxia, as diagnosed by an increase of oxygen extraction (O2ER) over a predefined threshold, could decrease the incidence of organ failures. The primary aim of this study was to compare the number of patients with postoperative organ failure and length of hospital stay between those randomized to conventional vs a protocolized strategy designed to maintain O2ER < 27%.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was performed in nine hospitals in Italy. One hundred thirty-five high-risk patients scheduled for major abdominal surgery were randomized in two groups. All patients were managed to achieve standard goals: mean arterial pressure > 80 mm Hg and urinary output > 0.5 mL/kg/h. The patients of the "protocol group" (group A) were also managed to keep O2ER < 27%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group A, fewer patients had at least one organ failure (n = 8, 11.8%) than in group B (n = 20, 29.8%) [p < 0.05], and the total number of organ failures was lower in group A than in group B (27 failures vs 9 failures, p < 0.001). Length of hospital stay was significantly lower in the protocol group than in the control group (11.3 +/- 3.8 days vs 13.4 +/- 6.1 days, p < 0.05). Hospital mortality was similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early treatment directed to maintain O2ER at < 27% reduces organ failures and hospital stay of high-risk surgical patients. Clinical trials.gov reference No. NCT00254150.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Anesthesia, and Intensive Care Unit, Marche Polytechnique University, Torrette di Ancona, Italy. donati.abele@tiscali.it
authors.forename: Abele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Donati
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loggi
authors.forename: Jean-Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Preiser
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orsetti
authors.forename: Cristopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Münch
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gabbanelli
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pelaia
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pietropaoli
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen