title: A phase II study of the farnesyl transferase inhibitor, tipifarnib, in children with recurrent or progressive high-grade glioma, medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor, or brainstem glioma: a Children's Oncology Group study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An open-label Phase II study of tipifarnib was conducted to evaluate its safety and efficacy in children with recurrent or refractory medulloblastoma (MB)/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), high-grade glioma (HGG), and diffuse intrinsic brainstem glioma (BSG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2004 and July 2005, patients were enrolled and stratified as follows: Stratum 1, recurrent or refractory MB/PNET; Stratum 2, recurrent or refractory HGG; and Stratum 3, recurrent or refractory BSG. Patients received tipifarnib 200 mg/m2 per dose twice daily for 21 days repeated every 28 days. Patients who received enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants and other CYP3A4/5 inducers or inhibitors were excluded. The primary objective was to estimate the sustained response rate in all strata.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-seven patients with a median age of 11.2 years (range, 3.2-21.9 years) were enrolled on the study, and 81 patients were evaluable for response. One of 35 patients with BSG and 1 of 31 patients with HGG had a sustained partial response. No responses were observed in 15 patients with MB/PNET. Eight patients (3 HGG, 1 MB, and 4 BSG) remained stable for >or=4 courses (range, 4-25 courses). The median number of courses received was 2 (range, 1-25 courses). The most frequent grade 3 and 4 toxicities included neutropenia (18.7%), thrombocytopenia (14.3%), and leukopenia (14.3%). The 6-month progression-free survival rate (+/-standard deviation) was 14%+/-6% for HGG, 6%+/-6% for MB/PNET and 3%+/-3% for BSG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tipifarnib tolerated well but had little activity as a single agent in children with recurrent central nervous system malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology-Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794, USA. maryam.fouladi@stjude.org
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fouladi
authors.forename: H Stacy
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: Tianni
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laningham
authors.forename: Kathleen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Helton
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Rose Anne
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Speights
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Ian F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Pollack
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020295:Brain Stem Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017599:Neuroectodermal Tumors / Q000188:drug therapy; D015363:Quinolones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015363:Quinolones; C402769:tipifarnib