Silica in plants: biological, biochemical and chemical studies.
BACKGROUND
The incorporation of silica within the plant cell wall has been well documented by botanists and materials scientists; however, the means by which plants are able to transport silicon and control its polymerization, together with the roles of silica in situ, are not fully understood.


RESULTS
Recent studies into the mechanisms by which silicification proceeds have identified the following: an energy-dependent Si transporter; Si as a biologically active element triggering natural defence mechanisms; and the means by which abiotic toxicities are alleviated by silica. A full understanding of silica formation in vivo still requires an elucidation of the role played by the environment in which silica formation occurs. Results from in-vitro studies of the effects of cell-wall components associated with polymerized silica on mineral formation illustrate the interactions occurring between the biomolecules and silica, and the effects their presence has on the mineralized structures so formed.


METHODS
This Botanical Briefing describes the uptake, storage and function of Si, and discusses the role biomolecules play when incorporated into model systems of silica polymerization as well as future directions for research in this field.
Currie
Heather A
HA
Biomolecular and Materials Interface Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
Perry
Carole C
CC
D001692:Biological Transport; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D012824:Silicic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017655:Silicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
D017655:Silicon Compounds; D012824:Silicic Acid; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D012825:Silicon