title: Update on toll-like receptor-directed therapies for human disease.
abstract: Innate responses to microbes are mediated in large part by toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognise a diverse range of molecules produced by viruses, bacteria and fungi. Great effort has been directed towards translating this knowledge into the development of new therapies for a wide spectrum of diseases, including infectious, malignant, autoimmune and allergic diseases. This review will provide a brief update on completed, ongoing and planned clinical trials of TLR ligand-based therapies for the treatment of diseases in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail code 0663, La Jolla, CA 92093-0663, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Horner
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D008024:Ligands; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D008024:Ligands; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors