title: Erufosine, a novel alkylphosphocholine, in acute myeloid leukemia: single activity and combination with other antileukemic drugs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alkylphosphocholines represent a new class of cytostatic drugs with a novel mode of action. Erufosine (ErPC3), the first compound of this class that can be administered intravenously, has recently been shown to be active against human tumor and leukemic cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to evaluate the antileukemic potential of ErPC3 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) the lethal concentration 50% (LC 50) was determined using WST-1 assay. For analysis of cell death, staining for Annexin V and activated caspase 3 was performed. An interaction analysis was performed by calculation of combination index and construction of isobolograms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LC 50 was 7.4 microg/ml after 24 h and 3.2 microg/ml after 72 h in HL 60 cells and 30.1 and 8.6 microg/ml, respectively, in 19 fresh samples from patients with AML. ErPC3 was found to be cytotoxic in HL60 cells with distinct activation of caspase 3. ErPC3 was not cross-resistant with cytarabine, idarubicine and etoposide as shown by the linear relation of respective LC 50s. The latter agents, however, exerted an additive cytotoxicity in combination with ErPC3 as revealed by isobologram analysis and combination index, although results are uneven for idarubicine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these data ErPC3 appears as a novel antileukemic candidate drug, which needs to be explored further in the treatment of AML.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiegl
authors.forename: Lars H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Lindner
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juergens
authors.forename: Hansjoerg
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eibl
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hiddemann
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Braess
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005260:Female; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010755:Organophosphates; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; C472787:erucylphospho-N,N,N-trimethylpropylammonium