title: Particulate and trace gas emissions from open burning of wheat straw and corn stover in China.
abstract: Field measurements were conducted to determine particulate emissions and trace gas emissions, including CO2, CO, CH4, NMHCs, NOx, NH3, N2O, and SO2, from open burning of wheat straw and maize stover, two major agricultural residues in China. The headfire ignition technique was adopted, and sampling was performed downwind from the agricultural fire. Particulate matter (PM) and gas emission factors were determined using the carbon mass-balance method. Particle mass size distributions show a prominent accumulation mode peak at 0.26-0.38 microm. Submicron particles dominate PM emissions. Most measured chemical species measured show a similar size distribution as PM. Chemical composition analysis indicates that PM2.5 is largely composed of carbon, K, and Cl. PM2.5 emission factors of wheat straw and maize stover are 7.6 +/- 4.1 g/kg and 11.7 +/- 1.0 g/kg, respectively, It also indicates that 12.1-24.2% of N in biomass is released as nitrogen-based trace gases and 11.0-24.9% of fuel S is emitted as SO2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
authors.forename: Xinghua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shuxiao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Jiming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yaosheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D018533:Biomass; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D017745:Incineration; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis; D013455:Sulfur / Q000032:analysis; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D014908:Triticum; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D002712:Chlorides; D005740:Gases; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D013455:Sulfur; D002244:Carbon; D011188:Potassium