title: Three-year weight change in successful weight losers who lost weight on a low-carbohydrate diet.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term weight loss and eating and exercise behaviors of successful weight losers who lost weight using a low-carbohydrate diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study examined 3-year changes in weight, diet, and physical activity in 891 subjects (96 low-carbohydrate dieters and 795 others) who enrolled in the National Weight Control Registry between 1998 and 2001 and reported >or=30-lb weight loss and >or=1 year weight loss maintenance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 10.8% of participants reported losing weight after a low-carbohydrate diet. At entry into the study, low-carbohydrate diet users reported consuming more kcal/d (mean +/- SD, 1,895 +/- 452 vs. 1,398 +/- 574); fewer calories in weekly physical activity (1,595 +/- 2,499 vs. 2,542 +/- 2,301); more calories from fat (64.0 +/- 7.9% vs. 30.9 +/- 13.1%), saturated fat (23.8 +/- 4.1 vs. 10.5 +/- 5.2), monounsaturated fat (24.4 +/- 3.7 vs. 11.0 +/- 5.1), and polyunsaturated fat (8.6 +/- 2.7 vs. 5.5 +/- 2.9); and less dietary restraint (10.8 +/- 2.9 vs. 14.9 +/- 3.9) compared with other Registry members. These differences persisted over time. No differences in 3-year weight regain were observed between low-carbohydrate dieters and other Registry members in intent-to-treat analyses (7.0 +/- 7.1 vs. 5.7 +/- 8.7 kg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible to achieve and maintain long-term weight loss using a low-carbohydrate diet. The long-term health effects of weight loss associated with a high-fat diet and low activity level merits further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Brown Medical School, 196 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA. sphelan@lifespan.org
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phelan
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wyatt
authors.forename: Shirine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nassery
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dibello
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fava
authors.forename: James O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Rena R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Wing
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D050528:Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015430:Weight Gain; D015431:Weight Loss