title: Thoracoscopic localization techniques for patients with solitary pulmonary nodule: hookwire versus radio-guided surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to evaluate the best intrathoracoscopic localization technique between hookwire and radio-guided surgery, in patients with pulmonary nodule.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2000 to January 2005 we enrolled in this study 50 patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule, prospective randomized in two groups, well matched for diameter and depth of the pulmonary lesion. In 25 patients we performed the hookwire technique (Group A), whereas in the other 25 patients radio-guided localization was adopted (Group B). In both groups the localization technique was compared with finger palpation. In Group A, 9 lesions were in the left and 16 in the right lung; in Group B, 14 nodules were in the left lung and 11 in the right one. In both groups, the distance of the nodule from the pleural surface with lung inflated was 2.5 cm (1.5-2.5 cm in 12 patients, and >2.5 cm for the remaining 13). The mean size of the nodules in both groups was 1.1, range 0.6-1.9 (<or=1 cm n=18 patients, and >1 cm n=7 patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients underwent thoracoscopic wedge resection, and 23 patients with a primary pulmonary lesion underwent thoracotomy for lobectomy and radical mediastinal lymphadenectomy. In Group A the hookwire technique localized the nodule in 21 of 25 patients (84%) whereas finger palpation localized it in 7 of 25 patients (28%). In Group B, radio-guided surgery localized the nodule in 24 of 25 patients (96%) whereas finger palpation localized it in 6 of 25 (24%). In Group A we registered 6 cases of pneumothorax compared to 1 case observed in the radio-guided group. Postoperative hospital stay required an average of 4 days in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our experience radio-guided surgery has therefore been proven efficacious in the diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery allows the removal of pulmonary nodules without complications. Hookwire was also shown to be efficacious but demonstrated complications linked primarily to external technical factors.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy. agonfiotti@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonfiotti
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Davini
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vaggelli
authors.forename: Agostino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Francisci
authors.forename: Adele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caldarella
authors.forename: Paolo Maria
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Gigli
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Janni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010173:Palpation; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome