title: Sumoylation modulates the assembly and activity of the pre-mRNA 3' processing complex.
abstract: Eukaryotic pre-mRNA 3'-end formation is catalyzed by a complex set of factors that must be intricately regulated. In this study, we have discovered a novel role for the small ubiquitin-like modifier SUMO in the regulation of mammalian 3'-end processing. We identified symplekin, a factor involved in complex assembly, and CPSF-73, an endonuclease, as SUMO modification substrates. The major sites of sumoylation in symplekin and CPSF-73 were determined and found to be highly conserved across species. A sumoylation-deficient mutant was defective in rescuing cell viability in symplekin small interfering RNA (siRNA)-treated cells, supporting the importance of this modification in symplekin function. We also analyzed the involvement of sumoylation in 3'-end processing by altering the sumoylation status of nuclear extracts. This was done by the addition of a SUMO protease, which we show interacts with both symplekin and CPSF-73, or by siRNA-mediated depletion of ubc9, the SUMO E2-conjugating enzyme. Both treatments resulted in a marked inhibition of processing. The assembly of a functional polyadenylation complex was also impaired by the SUMO protease. Our identification of two key polyadenylation factors as SUMO targets and of the role of SUMO in enhancing the assembly and activity of the 3'-end-processing complex together reveal an important function for SUMO in the processing of mRNA precursors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
authors.forename: Vasupradha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vethantham
authors.forename: Nishta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Manley
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002457:Cell Extracts; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D039223:Cleavage And Polyadenylation Specificity Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D026723:Polyadenylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D026721:RNA 3' End Processing; D012322:RNA Precursors / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000378:metabolism; D000098843:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme UBC9
chemical_list: D002457:Cell Extracts; D039223:Cleavage And Polyadenylation Specificity Factor; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012322:RNA Precursors; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C117909:SUMO2 protein, human; C492189:SUMO3 protein, human; C101043:SYMPK protein, human; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins; D014452:Ubiquitins; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; C501833:SENP2 protein, human; D000098843:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme UBC9