title: Paternal alcoholism predicts the occurrence but not the remission of alcoholic drinking: a 40-year follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the effects of father's alcoholism on the development and remission from alcoholic drinking by age 40.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were selected from a Danish birth cohort that included 223 sons of alcoholic fathers (high risk; HR) and 106 matched controls (low risk; LR). Clinical examinations were performed at age 40 (n = 202) by a psychiatrist using structured interviews and DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HR subjects were significantly more likely than LR subjects to develop alcohol dependence (31% vs. 16%), but not alcohol abuse (17% vs. 15%). More subjects with alcohol abuse were in remission at age 40 than subjects with alcohol dependence. Risk did not predict remission from either alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Familial influences may play a stronger role in the development of alcoholism than in the remission or recovery from alcoholism.
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Preventive Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. jk@ipm.regionh.dk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knop
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Penick
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Nickel
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mednick
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Manzardo
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Gabrielli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003718:Denmark; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D012307:Risk Factors; D013695:Temperance / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome