title: Macular pigment lutein is antiinflammatory in preventing choroidal neovascularization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a critical pathogenesis in age-related macular degeneration, the most common cause of blindness in the developed countries. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of lutein supplementation on the development of the murine model of laser-induced CNV together with underlying molecular mechanisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice were orally pretreated with lutein daily from 3 days before laser photocoagulation until the end of the study. The index of CNV volume was significantly suppressed by the treatment with lutein, compared with vehicle-treated animals. Lutein treatment led to significant inhibition of macrophage infiltration into CNV and of the in vivo and in vitro expression of inflammation-related molecules including vascular endothelial growth factor, monocyte chemotactic protein -1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Importantly, lutein suppressed IkappaB-alpha degradation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB p65 both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, the development of CNV was significantly suppressed by inhibiting NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation, to the levels seen in the lutein treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lutein treatment led to significant suppression of CNV development together with inflammatory processes including NF-kappaB activation and subsequent upregulation of inflammatory molecules, providing molecular evidence of potential validity of lutein supplementation as a therapeutic strategy to suppress CNV.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Izumi-Nagai
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohgami
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satofuka
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubota
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umezawa
authors.forename: Shigeaki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oike
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishida
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000284:Administration, Oral; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D002829:Choroid / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D014975:Lutein / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D014975:Lutein