title: Axonal supercharging technique using reverse end-to-side neurorrhaphy in peripheral nerve repair: an experimental study in the rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In an attempt to improve peripheral nerve repair, the influence of the addition of reverse end-to-side neurorrhaphy for an injured peripheral nerve was investigated in the rat sciatic nerve transection model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups (six rats in each group). In Group I, the right sciatic nerve was cut at a point distal to the gluteal notch and repaired using end-to-end neurorrhaphy with four 10-0 nylon epineurial sutures. In Group II, after performing the same procedure as in Group I, the left sciatic nerve was cut distally and passed through a subcutaneous tunnel to the right side. The proximal stump of the left sciatic nerve was coapted to the epineurial window of the right sciatic nerve distal to the injured point in an end-to-side fashion using 10-0 nylon epineurial sutures. The effects were evaluated using analgesimeter recordings for the hind paw, electrophysiological tests, measurement of the muscle contraction force, a double-labeling technique, weight measurement and histological examination of the gastrocnemius muscle, histological examination of the bilateral sciatic nerves, and immunofluorescent staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results from the many tests used to evaluate the reverse end-to-side neurorrhaphy technique indicated that functional recovery of the denervated target organs was promoted by axonal augmentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reverse end-to-side neurorrhaphy technique could be useful in peripheral nerve repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Tateki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuoka
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Ko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004594:Electrophysiology; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D009431:Neural Conduction; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D009929:Organ Size; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000293:injuries* / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*