title: Modulation of human cardiovascular outward rectifying chloride channel by intra- and extracellular ATP.
abstract: The macroscopic volume-regulated anion current (VRAC) is regulated by both intracellular and extracellular ATP, which has important implications in signaling and regulation of cellular excitability. The outwardly rectifying Cl(-) channel (ORCC) is a major contributor to the VRAC. This study investigated the effects of intracellular and extracellular ATP on the ORCCs expressed in the human cardiovascular system. With inside-out single-channel patch-clamp techniques, ORCCs were recorded from myocytes isolated from human atrium and septal ventricle and from primary cells originating from human coronary artery endothelium and human coronary artery smooth muscle. ORCCs from all of these tissues had similar biophysical properties, i.e., they were outwardly rectifying in symmetrical Cl(-) solutions, exhibited a slope conductance of approximately 90-100 pS at positive potentials and approximately 22 pS at negative potentials, and had a high open probability that was independent of voltage or time. The presence of ATP at the cytosolic face of the membrane increased the number of patches that contained functional ORCC but had no effect on gating. In contrast, "extracellular" ATP (in pipette solution) had no effect on the proportion of patches in which ORCC was detected but strongly reduced the open probability by increasing the closed dwell time. The potency order for nucleotides to affect gating was ATPgammaS > ATP = UTP > ADP > AMP, which suggests that a negatively charged phosphate group is involved in ORCC block. Our findings are consistent with a role of ORCC in the human cardiovasculature (atrium, ventricle, and coronary arteries). Regulation of ORCC by extracellular ATP suggests that this channel may have an important role in maintaining electrical activity and membrane potential under conditions in which extracellular ATP levels are elevated, such as with ATP release from nerve endings or during pathophysiological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Gong Xin
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vepa
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Artman
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Coetzee
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000378:metabolism*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008875:Middle Aged; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D013997:Time Factors; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018118:Chloride Channels; C022571:adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate); D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate