Continuous drip infusion of low dose cytarabine and etoposide with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy.
OBJECTIVE
The optimal strategy for the management of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is still controversial. We previously reported the effectiveness of low dose cytarabine (Ara-C) and etoposide (VP-16) (AV therapy) for those elderly AML patients ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. We initiated the present feasibility study to improve the efficacy by using glanulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) with AV therapy (AVG therapy).


METHODS
The eligibility for enrolment was AML patients according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria who were over 60 years of age and who had difficulty in tolerating intensive chemotherapy due to their poor performance status (PS) or some comorbidities. They were given continuous drip infusion of Ara-C (20 mg/body) and VP-16 (50 mg/body) for 7-14 days, and were also simultaneously administered G-CSF (150 microg/m2) once daily.


RESULTS
The median age of consecutively enrolled 25 patients was 73 years. Eighteen (72%) patients achieved complete remission (CR). The 1-year overall survival (OS) and the 3-year OS rates were 69% and 22%, respectively. The 1-year disease free survival (DFS) rate in CR patients was 44%. The major regimen related toxicities of grade 3 or 4 were only febrile neutropenia in 15 patients (60%). No regimen-related mortality was observed.


CONCLUSIONS
AVG therapy was therefore found to be an effective and well-tolerated regimen for remission induction in elderly AML patients with poor PS or comorbidity.
Kanemura
Nobuhiro
N
First Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
Tsurumi
Hisashi
H
Kasahara
Senji
S
Hara
Takeshi
T
Yamada
Toshiki
T
Sawada
Michio
M
Goto
Naoe
N
Kitagawa
Jun-ichi
J
Shimizu
Masahito
M
Oyama
Masami
M
Moriwaki
Hisataka
H
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007948:Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
D003561:Cytarabine; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D005047:Etoposide