title: CD11cloB220+ interferon-producing killer dendritic cells are activated natural killer cells.
abstract: Interferon-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDCs) are a recently described subset of CD11c(lo)B220(+) cells that share phenotypic and functional properties of DCs and natural killer (NK) cells (Chan, C.W., E. Crafton, H.N. Fan, J. Flook, K. Yoshimura, M. Skarica, D. Brockstedt, T.W. Dubensky, M.F. Stins, L.L. Lanier, et al. 2006. Nat. Med. 12:207-213; Taieb, J., N. Chaput, C. Menard, L. Apetoh, E. Ullrich, M. Bonmort, M. Pequignot, N. Casares, M. Terme, C. Flament, et al. 2006. Nat. Med. 12:214-219). IKDC development appears unusual in that cytokines using the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor beta (IL-2Rbeta) chain but not those using the common gamma chain (gamma(c)) are necessary for their generation. By directly comparing Rag2(-/-)gamma(c)(-/y), Rag2(-/-)IL-2Rbeta(-/-), Rag2(-/-)IL-15(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)IL-2(-/-) mice, we demonstrate that IKDC development parallels NK cell development in its strict IL-15 dependence. Moreover, IKDCs uniformly express NK-specific Ncr-1 transcripts (encoding NKp46), whereas NKp46(+) cells are absent in Ncr1(gfp/+)gamma(c)(-/y) mice. Distinguishing features of IKDCs (CD11c(lo)B220(+)MHC-II(+)) were carefully examined on developing NK cells in the bone marrow and on peripheral NK cells. As B220 expression was heterogeneous, defining B220(lo) versus B220(hi) NK1.1(+) NK cells could be considered as arbitrary, and few phenotypic differences were noted between NK1.1(+) NK cells bearing different levels of B220. CD11c expression did not correlate with B220 or major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (MHC-II) expression, and most MHC-II(+) NK1.1(+) cells did not express B220 and were thus not IKDCs. Finally, CD11c, MHC-II, and B220 levels were up-regulated on NK1.1(+) cells upon activation in vitro or in vivo in a proliferation-dependent fashion. Our data suggest that the majority of CD11c(lo)B220(+) "IKDC-like" cells represent activated NK cells.
authors.affiliation: Unité des Cytokines et Développement Lymphoide, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Christian A J
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Vosshenrich
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lesjean-Pottier
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Odile
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Richard-Le Goff
authors.forename: Erwan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Corcuff
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mandelboim
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Di Santo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D039521:CD11c Antigen / Q000276:immunology*; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000276:immunology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D039521:CD11c Antigen; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D019409:Interleukin-15; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens