title: Results of a long-term follow-up after neuroendoscopic biopsy procedure and third ventriculostomy in patients with intracranial germinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors report the results of long-term follow-ups in 12 patients with intracranial germinomas who underwent neuroendoscopic procedures before chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and discuss the usefulness and safety of these procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1996 and December 2005 at Kyushu University Hospital, 12 patients with intracranial germinomas underwent neuroendoscopic biopsy procedures involving a flexible fiberscope. Eight patients simultaneously underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for existing obstructive hydrocephalus. All patients received chemotherapy and radiotherapy postoperatively, according to the regimen promulgated by the Japanese Pediatric Brain Tumor Study Group. The patients were followed for an average of 78.6 months (range 15-134 months), and a retrospective study was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Germinomas were histologically verified in all patients. No postoperative deaths or permanent morbidity was related to the neuroendoscopic procedures. No other cerebrospinal fluid diversion, such as that achieved with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, was needed for the management of hydrocephalus. A complete response to postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy was achieved in all cases. Only one patient had a recurrent lesion in the spinal cord 6 years after the initial treatment; however, this patient had undergone only the neuroendoscopic biopsy procedure without ETV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neuroendoscopic procedures can permit a precise histological diagnosis of intracranial germinomas and are safe and effective in the management of hydrocephalus associated with these tumors. The risk of tumor dissemination due to the neuroendoscopic procedures appears to be minimal when the appropriate chemotherapy and radiotherapy are provided postoperatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. tshono@ns.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tadahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shono
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Natori
authors.forename: Takato
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morioka
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Torisu
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizoguchi
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Satoshi O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwaki
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inamura
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Tomio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018237:Germinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009366:Neoplasm Seeding; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020542:Third Ventricle / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014696:Ventriculostomy