School performance of adolescents born preterm: neuropsychological and background correlates.
In this longitudinal study the development of preterm and control children was followed from infancy until adolescence. School performance at the age of 16 in subjects born very preterm with a gestational age (GA) of <or= 32 weeks was compared with the performance of adolescents born full-term. None of the subjects had major disabilities. The study groups performed similarly in most school subjects, including mathematics, the second foreign language and the native language (Finnish). Subjects in the preterm group achieved significantly higher grade points in the first foreign language than control subjects. In particular, the difference was evident between the preterm and control boys. The extremely preterm group with a GA <or= 29 weeks did not differ from the more mature group with a GA between 30 and 32 weeks in terms of the school grade points. Verbal and performance scale IQs as assessed at the age of 9 were of primary importance in predicting school success in adolescence. The results suggest a good outcome, measured by school grade scores at 16 years of age, of the subjects born very preterm.
Saavalainen
Pia M
PM
Department of Psychology, University of Joensuu, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland. pia.saavalainen@kuh.fi
Luoma
Laila
L
Laukkanen
Eila
E
M Bowler
Dermot
D
Määttä
Sara
S
Kiviniemi
Vesa
V
Herrgård
Eila
E
D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology*; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology*; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000503:physiopathology*