title: Corticobasal syndrome associated with the A9D Progranulin mutation.
abstract: Corticobasal syndrome is characterized by cortical dysfunction and L-dopa-unresponsive Parkinsonism, with asymmetrical onset of clinical presentation and evidence of atrophy and/or hypometabolism at neuroimaging. Recently, the heterogeneous pathologic substrate of corticobasal syndrome has been further expanded to include cases with pathologic diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin/TDP-43 (TAR DNA binding protein 43)-positive inclusions associated with progranulin (PGRN) mutations. We report a family in which several individuals have been affected with a dementia/movement disorder phenotype. The proband presented at age 45 with spontaneous left arm levitation, ideational apraxia, asymmetric parkinsonism, and dystonia. Subsequently, he developed limb-kinetic apraxia, left-side hemineglect, memory loss, and executive dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging and [F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography studies revealed severe cerebral cortical atrophy and hypometabolism, which were significantly more pronounced in the parietal lobes (right > left). Neuropathologic examination displayed the highest degree of degeneration and ubiquitin/TDP-43 pathology in the proband's parietal areas. Genetic analysis revealed the presence of the c.26C>A PGRN mutation in 1 allele. This mutation has been reported in association with hereditary-dysphasic-disinhibition-dementia, Alzheimer-like dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, and primary progressive aphasia. The peculiar findings observed in this patient indicate that the parietal lobe may represent the most vulnerable anatomical area in some of the PGRN-associated frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin/TDP-43-positive inclusion cases.
authors.affiliation: Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spina
authors.forename: Jill R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Murrell
authors.forename: Edward D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Huey
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Wassermann
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pietrini
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grafman
authors.forename: Bernardino
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ghetti
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001072:Apraxias / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D003704:Dementia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D000077153:Progranulins; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C492314:GRN protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000077153:Progranulins; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D004247:DNA