title: Training opportunities and the role of virtual reality simulation in acquisition of basic laparoscopic skills.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Within the past decade, there has been increasing interest in simulation-based devices for training and assessment of technical skills, especially for minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopy. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions of senior and junior surgeons to virtual reality simulation within the context of current training opportunities for basic laparoscopic procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A postal questionnaire was sent to 245 consultants and their corresponding specialist registrar (SpR), detailing laparoscopic surgical practice and their knowledge and use of virtual reality (VR) surgical simulators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred ninety-one (78%) consultants and 103(42%) SpRs returned questionnaires; 16%(10/61) of junior SpRs (year 1-4) had performed more than 50 laparoscopic cholecystectomies to date compared with 76% (32/42) of senior SpRs (year 5-6) (P < 0.001); 90% (55/61) of junior SpRs and 67% (28/42) of senior SpRs were keen to augment their training with VR (P = 0.007); 81% (238/294) of all surgeons agreed that VR has a useful role in the laparoscopic surgical training curriculum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a lack of experience in index laparoscopic cases of junior SpRs, and laparoscopic VR simulation is recognized as a useful mode of practice to acquire technical skills. This should encourage surgical program directors to drive the integration of simulation-based training into the surgical curriculum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. rajesh.aggarwal@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: Indran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Balasundaram
authors.forename: Ara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darzi
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D003162:Competency-Based Education / Q000639:trends; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000639:trends; D003479:Curriculum / Q000639:trends; D003625:Data Collection; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008131:London; D011361:Professional Competence; D014584:User-Computer Interface