title: Implant surface analysis and microbiologic evaluation of failed implants retrieved from smokers.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiota and surface of failed titanium dental implants from 4 manufacturers. Twelve mobile dental implants were retrieved from 10 smokers after 3 to 10 years of functional loading. Before implant removal, microbial samples were taken and evaluated using polymerase chain reaction. After implant removal, analyses of the failed implant surfaces were performed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometer x-ray. Periodontal pathogens such as Aggregactibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola were detected in all implants in different proportions. Surface analysis showed varying degrees of surface roughness between the samples and the presence of proteinaceous material, appearing mainly as dark stains. Foreign carbon, oxygen, sodium, calcium, aluminum, and silicon elements were also found. Although no material-related causes of implant failure were detected, several periodontal pathogens were identified independently of the surface topography or manufacturer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil. jashibli@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jamil Awad
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shibli
authors.forename: Thales Rodrigo Colombo
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Vitussi
authors.forename: Ricardo Vieira
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Elton Gonçalves
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Zenóbio
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ota-Tsuzuki
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cassoni
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piattelli
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: d'Avila
mesh_terms: D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D044883:Campylobacter rectus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000382:microbiology; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D016124:Eikenella corrodens / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000145:classification*; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012907:Smoking; D012964:Sodium / Q000032:analysis; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D048373:Treponema denticola / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D010758:Phosphorus; D002244:Carbon; D012964:Sodium; D014025:Titanium; D010100:Oxygen; D002118:Calcium