title: The effect of corticosteroids on the disposal of long-acting beta2-agonists by airway smooth muscle cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Organic cation transporters (OCTs) have an important role in tissue distribution and elimination of cationic drugs. Carrier-mediated disposal of cationic bronchodilators in the airway tissue, however, is incompletely understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to assess the uptake of long-acting beta(2)-agonist bronchodilators by bronchial and vascular smooth muscle cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human airway cells and tissues obtained from organ donors were evaluated for cationic drug transporter expression by means of quantitative RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. For in vitro functional studies, tritiated formoterol and tritiated salmeterol uptake by bronchial and vascular smooth muscle cells was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed high mRNA levels for the corticosteroid-sensitive OCT3 in bronchial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Immunofluorescence staining of airway sections confirmed OCT3 expression in these cells. In bronchial smooth muscle cells, uptake of the cationic formoterol was inhibited with OCT inhibitors. Corticosteroids also inhibited formoterol uptake through a rapid (within 15 minutes) nongenomic action, with the following rank order for inhibitory potency: corticosterone > budesonide > fluticasone. The corticosteroid-induced inhibition was significantly higher in vascular than bronchial smooth muscle cells. In comparison with formoterol, uptake of the noncharged lipophilic salmeterol was approximately 10-fold higher and insensitive to all OCT inhibitors and corticosteroids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that corticosteroids, through OCT3 inhibition, rapidly interfere with the disposal of cationic drugs by smooth muscle cells in the airway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This novel immediate interaction between corticosteroids and cationic beta(2)-agonist bronchodilators supports the use of such combinations in the pharmacotherapy of asthma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA. ghorvath.mail@gmail.com
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.forename: Eliana S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Gregory E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Conner
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salathe
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wanner
mesh_terms: D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium / Q000494:pharmacology; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000378:metabolism*; D000420:Albuterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000378:metabolism; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate; D006801:Humans; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000068299:Salmeterol Xinafoate; D000099254:Organic Cation Transporter 3
chemical_list: D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D000420:Albuterol; D004983:Ethanolamines; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000068299:Salmeterol Xinafoate; D000099254:Organic Cation Transporter 3