title: A study on the relationship between mouth breathing and facial morphological pattern.
abstract: Breathing is responsible for facial and cranial morphology development.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  investigate in order to see if there is any relationship between oral breathing and facial type.
  
  
  METHODS
  119 male and female teenagers, with ages ranging between 15 and 18 years. The sample was separated in two groups: A-50 teenage oral breathers, 28 males and 22 females; and group B- 69 teenage nasal breathers, 37 males and 32 females. The sample was collected at the Centro de Atendimento e Apoio ao Adolescente do Departamento de Pediatria da UNIFESP/ EPM. We evaluated breathing and facial measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  by means of anthropometric indexes we classified facial types and associated them with the persons breathing type, Hypereuriprosopic (Total=0; oral breathers 0%; nasal breathers 0%; Euriprosopic (Total=14; oral breathers 2.52%, nasal breathers 9.24%;Mesoprosope (Total=20; oral breathers 19.32%; nasal breathers 21.01%, Leptoprosopic (Total=37; oral breathers 14.29%; nasal breathers 16.81%; Hyperleptoprosopic (Total =48; oral breathers 5.89% nasal breathers 10.92%). The mesoprosopic facial type was found in 48 teenagers (40.33%) of whom 25 (21.01%) were oral breathers and 23 (19.32%) were nasal breathers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  it was not possible to prove the existence of an association between oral breathing and facial type.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santo André, SP.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Bianchini
authors.forename: Zelita Caldeira Ferreira
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Guedes
authors.forename: Marilena Manno
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Vieira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009058:Mouth Breathing / Q000209:etiology*