title: The effect of self-affirmation in nonthreatening persuasion domains: timing affects the process.
abstract: Most research on self-affirmation and persuasion has argued that self-affirmation buffers the self against the threat posed by a persuasive message; thus, it increases the likelihood that participants will respond to the message favorably. Little research, in contrast, has looked at the effects of self-affirmation on persuasive messages that are not threatening to the self. This research examines mechanisms that can operate under these conditions. Consistent with the idea that self-affirmation affects confidence, the article shows that self-affirmation can decrease information processing when induced prior to message reception (Experiment 1) and can increase the use of self-generated thoughts in response to a persuasive message when induced after message reception (Experiment 2). In addition, Experiment 3 manipulates the timing of self-affirmation to replicate both effects and Experiment 4 provides direct evidence for the impact of self-affirmation on confidence.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicologia Social, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Briñol
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Petty
authors.forename: Ismael
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gallardo
authors.forename: Kenneth G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: DeMarree
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000329:Advertising; D001290:Attitude; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D010565:Persuasive Communication; D012649:Self Concept; D013030:Spain