title: Association between circulating oxidised low-density lipoprotein and fibrocalcific remodelling of the aortic valve in aortic stenosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease in westernized societies. AS is a disease process akin to atherosclerosis in which calcification and tissue remodelling play a crucial role. In patients with moderate/severe AS, we sought to determine whether the remodelling process would be in relationship with transvalvular gradients and circulating oxidised low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 105 patients with AS, the aortic valve and blood plasma were collected at the time of valve replacement surgery. The degree of valve tissue remodelling was assessed using a scoring system (Score: 1-4) and the amount of calcium within the valve cusps was determined. The standard plasma lipid profile, the size of LDL particles and the plasma level of circulating ox-LDL (4E6 antibody) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for covariables, aortic remodelling score was significantly related to transvalvular gradients measured by Doppler echocardiography before surgery. Patients with higher valve remodelling score had higher circulating ox-LDL levels (score 2: 27.3 (SEM 2.6) U/l; score 3: 32.2 (SEM 2.3) U/l; score 4: 38.3 (SEM 2.3) U/l; p = 0.02). After correction for age, gender, hypertension and HDL-C, the plasma level of ox-LDL remained significantly associated with the aortic valve remodelling score (p<0.001). The plasma level of ox-LDL was significantly associated with LDL-C (r = 0.41; p<0.001), apoB (r = 0.59; p<0.001), triglyceride (r = 0.39; p<0.001), Apo A-I (r = 0.23; p = 0.01) and cholesterol in small (<255 A) LDL particles (r = 0.22; p = 0.02). After correction for covariables, circulating ox-LDL levels remained significantly associated with apoB (p<0.001) and triglyceride (p = 0.01) levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased level of circulating ox-LDL is associated with worse fibrocalcific remodelling of valvular tissue in AS. It remains to be determined whether circulating ox-LDL is a risk marker for a highly atherogenic profile and/or a circulating molecule which is actively involved in the pathogenesis of calcific aortic valve disease.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Etudes Moléculaires des Valvulopathies (LEMV), Laval Hospital Research Center/ Quebec Heart Institute, Department of Surgery, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Côté
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pibarot
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Després
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mohty
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cartier
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Arsenault
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Couture
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mathieu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000473:pathology*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein