title: Factors related to incomplete flexible sigmoidoscopy among adult Chinese in Taiwan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sigmoidoscopy is effective in colorectal cancer screening, but incomplete examinations may overlook colonic pathologies and delay diagnosis. This study aimed to explore risk factors for incomplete insertions of flexible sigmoidoscopy among Taiwanese.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy adults participating in health check-up in a tertiary medical center were invited for study. Subjects were recruited when they had fully consented and agreed to participate. Factors related to incomplete insertions of flexible sigmoidoscopy were evaluated and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine independent risk factors. A predictive model was generated by the risk factors identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 1,252 subjects (mean age, 53.9 13.1 years; age range, 2187 years; male/female,780/472) were enrolled, and 278 (22.2%) incomplete insertions were recorded. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender (odds ratio [OR], 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.562.73; p < 0.001), age >or= 60 years (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.262.23; p < 0.001), inadequate bowel preparation (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.212.16; p = 0.001), history of constipation (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.045.69; p = 0.042), and body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.051.89; p = 0.024) were all independent risk factors. The probability of incomplete insertion was significantly associated with the sum of the aforementioned risk factors (p < 0.001). Compared with subjects with no risk factors, the risks of incomplete insertions increased significantly among subjects bearing 1 risk factor (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.474.49; p = 0.001), 2 risk factors (OR, 4.41; 95% CI, 2.527.39; p < 0.001), 3 risk factors (OR, 6.40; 95% CI, 3.5611.52; p < 0.001) and >or= 4 risk factors (OR, 10.00; 95% CI, 3.8925.70; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female sex, age >or= 60 years, BMI < 25 kg/m2, history of constipation, and inadequate bowel preparation were independent risk factors for incomplete insertion of flexible sigmoidoscopy. Subjects with multiple risk factors may consider alternative modalities for colonic examination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Ming-Yueh
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Ping-I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Shang-Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Yu-Mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Fu-Wei
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kuang-Chieh
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Hsueh
authors.forename: Liang-Kung
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shinn-Jang
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Ming-Shium
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012812:Sigmoidoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*