title: ciCD94-1, an ascidian multipurpose C-type lectin-like receptor expressed in Ciona intestinalis hemocytes and larval neural structures.
abstract: C-type lectins play an important role in the immune system and are part of a large superfamily that includes C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD)-containing proteins. Divergent evolution, acting on the CTLD fold, has generated the Ca2+-dependent carbohydrate-binding lectins and molecules, as the lectin-like natural killer (NK) receptors that bind proteins, rather than sugars, in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. We have studied ciCD94-1, a CTLD-containing protein from the tunicate Ciona intestinalis, which is a homolog of the CD94 vertebrate receptor that is expressed on NK cells and modulates their cytotoxic activity by interacting with MHC class I molecules. ciCD94-1 shares structural features with the CTLD-containing molecules that recognize proteins, suggesting that it could be located along the evolutionary pathway leading to the NK receptors. ciCD94-1 was up-regulated in response to inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) acting on a blood cell type present in both the tunic and circulating blood. Furthermore, an anti-ciCD94-1 antibody specifically inhibited the phagocytic activity of these cells. ciCD94-1 was also expressed during development in the larva and in the early stages of metamorphosis in structures related to the nervous system, and loss of its function affected the correct differentiation of these territories. These findings suggest that ciCD94-1 has different roles in immunity and in development, thus strengthening the concept of gene co-option during evolution and of an evolutionary relationship between the nervous and the immune systems.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology, Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn" Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zucchetti
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: Maria Rosaria
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lambris
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Du Pasquier
authors.forename: Rosaria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Santis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002938:Ciona intestinalis / Q000378:metabolism*; D017931:DNA Primers; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007814:Larva / Q000378:metabolism*; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010587:Phagocytosis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D037181:Lectins, C-Type