title: Transcriptional regulation of human eosinophil RNases by an evolutionary- conserved sequence motif in primate genome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (edn) and eosinophil cationic protein (ecp) are members of a subfamily of primate ribonuclease (rnase) genes. Although they are generated by gene duplication event, distinct edn and ecp expression profile in various tissues have been reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we obtained the upstream promoter sequences of several representative primate eosinophil rnases. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the presence of a shared 34-nucleotide (nt) sequence stretch located at -81 to -48 in all edn promoters and macaque ecp promoter. Such a unique sequence motif constituted a region essential for transactivation of human edn in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Gel electrophoretic mobility shift assay, transient transfection and scanning mutagenesis experiments allowed us to identify binding sites for two transcription factors, Myc-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ) and SV-40 protein-1 (Sp1), within the 34-nt segment. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo binding assays demonstrated a direct molecular interaction between this 34-nt region and MAZ and Sp1. Interestingly, overexpression of MAZ and Sp1 respectively repressed and enhanced edn promoter activity. The regulatory transactivation motif was mapped to the evolutionarily conserved -74/-65 region of the edn promoter, which was guanidine-rich and critical for recognition by both transcription factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results provide the first direct evidence that MAZ and Sp1 play important roles on the transcriptional activation of the human edn promoter through specific binding to a 34-nt segment present in representative primate eosinophil rnase promoters.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China. d928220@oz.nthu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Hsiu-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hao-Teng
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Tun-Wen
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: Chung-I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yuan-Hung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yen-Hsin
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hsiu-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Chuan-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Wei-Yao
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Margaret Dah-Tsyr
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017124:Conserved Sequence / Q000502:physiology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D047150:Eosinophil Cationic Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D047208:Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin / Q000235:genetics*; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000201:enzymology*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011323:Primates / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000235:genetics*; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; C076035:c-MYC-associated zinc finger protein; D047208:Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin; D012260:Ribonucleases; D047150:Eosinophil Cationic Protein