New Andreev-type states in superconducting nanowires.
Superconducting nanowires can exhibit a spatially inhomogeneous pair condensate that leads to the formation of new Andreev-type states. Such states are mainly located beyond the regions where the order parameter is enhanced, and no normal-superconducting contact or external magnetic field is needed for their formation. Our numerical self-consistent solutions of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations for cylindrical nanowires, in the clean limit, demonstrate that these new Andreev-type states decrease the ratio of the energy gap to the critical temperature as compared to its bulk value. The low-lying excitations in a clean superconducting nanowire are these new Andreev-type states induced by quantum confinement of the electrons in the transverse direction.
Shanenko
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TGM, Departement Fysica, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
Croitoru
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MD
Mints
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RG
Peeters
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FM