title: Injury among stimulant-treated youth with ADHD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess risk factors for injury among children and adolescents treated with stimulants for ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  An analysis was performed of pharmacy and service claims data from 2000-2003 California Medicaid (Medi-Cal) focusing on children and adolescents ages 6 to 17 years who initiated stimulant therapy for ADHD. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine associations of demographic and clinical characteristics with injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a Cox proportional hazard model that controlled for background patient characteristics, patients ages 13 to 17 years, male gender, prescription of anxiolytic/hypnotic medications, and diagnosis of a mood disorder were each independently associated with increased risk of injury, whereas African American ancestry and other minority racial/ethnic ancestry were associated with lower risk. Youth with high stimulant medication possession ratios (MPR) had a nonsignificantly lower risk of injury as compared to those with a low stimulant MPR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings reveal several patient characteristics that may be associated with increased risk of injury among children and adolescents treated for ADHD.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Social Policy & Practice, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Huabin F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olfson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007345:Insurance Claim Review / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants