title: The nature of intrauterine adhesions following reproductive hysteroscopic surgery as determined by early and late follow-up hysteroscopy: clinical implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the rate and characteristics of postoperative intrauterine adhesions (IUA) that might be formed following hysteroscopic reproductive surgery from both a gross and a histologic perspective as determined by early and late follow-up diagnostic hysteroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of 61 women wishing a pregnancy and suffering from a significant intrauterine pathology affecting their reproductive outcome were reviewed. All patients were treated hysteroscopically. Subsequently, they were randomly assigned to perform a follow-up diagnostic hysteroscopy at a variable intervals from their initial surgery. Multiple hysteroscopic-guided biopsies from IUA, when present, were obtained in several cases. Twenty patients were in the early group and had follow-up hysteroscopy performed 2-4 weeks after the initial operation. The late diagnostic group consisted of 41 patients with follow-up hysteroscopy at about 12 months (8-16 months). The two groups were similar to composition. Postoperatively, none of the early diagnostic group underwent hysterosalpingography (HSG) whereas all of the late group performed HSG 4 months following the initial surgery, which showed at least one-third of the cavity free of adhesions. When adhesions were present, no effort was made to lyse them.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At follow-up hysteroscopy, 25% of both groups had no significant adhesions. Grade I adhesions (thin, filmy) occurred in 60% of the early hysteroscopy patients and in only 12% of the late group (P < 0.05). Grade II adhesions were present in 10% of the early group and in up to 41% in the late group (P < 0.05), whereas Grade III adhesions were present in only 5% of the early hysteroscopy group, but in 22% of the late one (P < 0.05). Correlation between hysteroscopic and histologic findings were good in most of cases in both groups. Follow-up to determine the subsequent reproductive outcome revealed similar conception rates in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IUA that might be formed immediately following hysteroscopic reproductive surgery are histologically different from those appearing a longer time after the original operation. Routine early follow-up hysteroscopy can influence the prognosis resulting from the original surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Care Unit, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt. tarekshokeir@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Tarek A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Shokeir
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fawzy
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tatongy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*