title: Oxidative stress biomarkers of exposure in the blood of cichlid species from a metal-contaminated river.
abstract: The oxidative stress biomarkers of exposure, such as reduced glutathione (GSH), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), were measured in the blood of three cichlid fish (Oreochromis niloticus, Tilapia rendalli, and Geophagus brasiliensis) taken during two seasons from two sites, unpolluted and polluted by industrial effluents, to evaluate the effectiveness of these biomarkers in assessing the impact of water contamination. The LPO levels in the blood were higher in fish from the metal-contaminated site and the chronic exposure led to significant changes in GPx, CAT, and SOD activities in all three cichlid species. The considerable variation of responses in these cichlids to water contamination evidenced differences in sensitivity to the metal contamination and/or in the potential to respond to it highlighting the importance of using a set of related biomarkers to assess the impact of water contamination.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Caixa Postal 676, Rodovia Washington Luis km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clarissa Bonafé Gaspar
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Ruas
authors.forename: Cleoni Dos Santos
authors.initials: Cdos S
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: de Araújo
authors.forename: Evaldo Luiz Gaeta
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Espíndola
authors.forename: Marisa Narciso
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051399:Aquaporin 2; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001938:Brazil; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D023681:Cichlids / Q000097:blood*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006454:Hemoglobins; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008670:Metals / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D012621:Seasons; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D051399:Aquaporin 2; D015415:Biomarkers; D006454:Hemoglobins; D008670:Metals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase