title: Impairment of the host's antibacterial resistance by norepinephrine activated neutrophils.
abstract: The susceptibility of mice to infectious complications is dramatically increased in an accompaniment with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Polymorphonuclear neutrophils with immunosuppressive ability (PMN-II) that appear in response to SIRS have been classified as one of the cells responsible for the increased susceptibility of mice with SIRS (SIRS mice) to sepsis induced by cecal-ligation and puncture (CLP). Since a high level of norepinephrine (NE) is demonstrated in the plasma of SIRS mice, in the present study, the role of NE on the appearance of PMN-II in SIRS mice was studied. Similar to SIRS mice, normal mice became susceptible to CLP-induced infectious complications after inoculation with NE-treated PMN. CCL2 and IL-10 (biomarkers for PMN-II) were equally produced by PMN-II prepared from SIRS mice and NE-treated PMN. However, CCL3 and IL-12 (biomarkers for immunostimulatory PMN, PMN-I) were not detected in culture fluids from either PMN preparation. These results indicate that NE mass-produced in association with SIRS development plays a role on the generation of PMN-II and the appearing PMN-II are responsible, in part, for increased susceptibility of SIRS mice to CLP-induced infectious complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Herndon
authors.forename: Fujio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002056:Burns / Q000276:immunology*; D002432:Cecum / Q000601:surgery; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000276:immunology; D011677:Punctures; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009638:Norepinephrine