title: In vitro anti-biofilm activity of macelignan isolated from Myristica fragrans Houtt. against oral primary colonizer bacteria.
abstract: In early dental plaque formation, oral primary colonizers such as Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and Actinomyces viscosus are initially attached to the pellicle-coated tooth surface to form a biofilm. The study aimed to determine the efficacy of macelignan, isolated from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.), in removing each single oral primary biofilm in vitro on a polystyrene 96-well microtiter plate. Four biofilm growth phases (4, 12, 20 and 24 h) were evaluated in this study after treatment with macelignan at various concentrations (0.2, 2 and 10 microg/mL) and exposure times (5, 10 and 30 min). Anti-biofilm activity of macelignan was measured as the percentage of the remaining biofilm absorbance after macelignan treatment in comparison with the untreated control. At 24 h of biofilm growth, S. mutans, A. viscosus and S. sanguis biofilms were reduced by up to 30%, 30% and 38%, respectively, after treatment with 10 microg/mL macelignan for 5 min. Increasing the treatment time to 30 min resulted in a reduction of more than 50% of each of the single primary biofilms. The results indicate that macelignan is a potent natural anti-biofilm agent against oral primary colonizers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
authors.forename: Yaya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rukayadi
authors.forename: Kyu-Hoi
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae-Kwan
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D017705:Lignans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D026323:Myristica / Q000737:chemistry*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D017705:Lignans; C502026:macelignan; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine