title: [Comorbidity in the migraine: depression, anxiety, stress and insomnia].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Migraine is frequently associated to other pathologies or factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the migraine's profile in a neurologic consultation and to determinate its comorbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  155 patients (36 men and 119 women) were studied in a neurologic consultation of the University Hospital of Salamanca during the year 2005. Migraine was diagnosed according the International Headache Society criteria, and associated disorders were measured using the Goldberg's Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Perceived Stress Questionnaire and the Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  99 patients suffered from migraine without aura and 56 with aura; mean age was 36 years; age at onset 20.64 years. 43 migraneurs had depression, anxiety 34, insomnia 58, stress 79, none of these pathologies 62 (40%). Depression and dream upheavals were close to equal between the migraine subtypes (although depression was something more common in migraine without aura), while anxiety and stress were more frequent in migraine with aura (RR: 1.42; 95% CI: 0.92-2.2; and RR: 1.38; 95% CI: 0.9-2.12, respectively). Depression and insomnia were more likely among women with nonsignificant differences (RR: 1.3; 95% CI: 0.95-1.34; and RR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.95-1.34, respectively), whereas anxiety and stress were similar in both genders. Another associations were found between: migraine's family-history and migraine with aura (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 0.63-2.71); some dietary factors and migraine without aura (OR: 2.27; 95% CI: 0.57-9.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  60% of our migraneurs had at least one of the following disorders: depression (27.74%), anxiety (21.94%), stress (50.97%) or insomnia (37.42%); can trigger or worsen migraine attacks.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. lolasevillano@telefonica.net
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sevillano-García
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manso-Calderón
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cacabelos-Pérez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires