title: Effects of calorie-restricted low-carbohydrate diet on glucose and lipid metabolism in Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effects of a calorie-restricted low-carbohydrate diet on glucose and lipid metabolism, and body fat distribution, especially on the secretion of leptin and lipoprotein lipase from adipose tissue in Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three week-old male OLETF rats were randomized into three groups (n=6 per group): the HC group (HC) was fed a diet with 60% carbohydrate; the LC group (LC) with 30% carbohydrate; and the P-HC group (P-HC) with 60% carbohydrate and pioglitazone (0.1%). The total calorie intake was restricted to 70% of the average intake from each diet (60 kcal/day). The diets were continued for 8 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Similar decreases in body weight and serum glucose were observed in the three groups. Serum insulin concentration was significantly decreased in LC and P-HC compared to HC. Serum total cholesterol and triglycerides decreased significantly (p<0.05) in LC and P-HC compared to HC. The decrease of visceral fat area measured by computed tomography was greatest in LC among the three groups. At the end of the diet, leptin secretion from visceral adipose tissue and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in subcutaneous adipose tissue were significantly higher in LC and P-HC compared to HC (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that under calorie-restricted conditions, low carbohydrates are much more effective than high carbohydrates in improving insulin sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Sakura Medical Center, School of Medicine, Toho University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobukiyo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koide
authors.forename: Tomokazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: Yoh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyashita
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D031204:Caloric Restriction / Q000379:methods; D050528:Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D020334:Rats, Inbred OLETF
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase; D005947:Glucose