title: Proximal tubal disease: the place for tubal cannulation.
abstract: Tubal disease is the cause of subfertility in approximately 30% of women, and 10-25% of these are due to proximal tubal obstruction. False-positive diagnosis of proximal tubal obstruction can be as high as 50%. A decrease in expertise in tubal microsurgery has resulted largely from the use of IVF as the treatment option for most causes of infertility and more specifically for tubal factor infertility. Selective salpingography and tubal cannulation have a unique role in the management of tubal infertility and should be offered to selected candidates prior to IVF. Tubal cannulation can be used effectively to restore patency in a proportion of cases of proximal tubal obstruction thus avoiding the need for expensive assisted reproductive techniques. This review examines the evidence supporting the effectiveness of tubal cannulation and aims to enhance awareness of the procedure as an option for the management of female subfertility secondary to isolated proximal tubal obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Reproductive Health, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Sangeeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Luciano G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Nardo
authors.forename: Mourad W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Seif
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization; D005184:Fallopian Tube Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007047:Hysterosalpingography; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*