title: Increased nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase levels predispose to insulin hypersecretion in a mouse strain susceptible to diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Insulin hypersecretion may be an independent predictor of progression to type 2 diabetes. Identifying genes affecting insulin hypersecretion are important in understanding disease progression. We have previously shown that diabetes-susceptible DBA/2 mice congenitally display high insulin secretion. We studied this model to map and identify the gene(s) responsible for this trait.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intravenous glucose tolerance tests followed by a genome-wide scan were performed on 171 (C57BL/6 x DBA/2) x C57BL/6 backcross mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A quantitative trait locus, designated hyperinsulin production-1 (Hip1), was mapped with a logarithm of odds score of 7.7 to a region on chromosome 13. Production of congenic mice confirmed that Hip1 influenced the insulin hypersecretion trait. By studying appropriate recombinant inbred mouse strains, the Hip1 locus was further localised to a 2 Mb interval, which contained only nine genes. Expression analysis showed that the only gene differentially expressed in islets isolated from the parental strains was Nnt, which encodes the mitochondrial proton pump, nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT). We also found in five mouse strains a positive correlation (r2 = 0.90, p < 0.01) between NNT activity and first-phase insulin secretion, emphasising the importance of this enzyme in beta cell function. Furthermore, of these five strains, only those with high NNT activity are known to exhibit severe diabetes after becoming obese.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin hypersecretion is associated with increased Nnt expression. We suggest that NNT must play an important role in beta cell function and that its effect on the high insulin secretory capacity of the DBA/2 mouse may predispose beta cells of these mice to failure.
authors.affiliation: The University of Melbourne Department of Medicine (AH/NH), Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, Heidelberg Heights, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aston-Mourney
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kebede
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zraika
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Balmer
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Fam
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Favaloro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Proietto
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morahan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andrikopoulos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009250:NADP Transhydrogenases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D009250:NADP Transhydrogenases