title: Mycobacterium pinnipedii: transmission from South American sea lion (Otaria byronia) to Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus bactrianus) and Malayan tapirs (Tapirus indicus).
abstract: Tuberculosis infections caused by Mycobacterium (M.) pinnipedii in a South American sea lion, Bactrian camel, and Malayan tapirs kept in two zoological gardens spanning a time period of 5 years are reported. The zoos were linked by the transfer of one tapir. Conventional bacteriological and molecular methods were applied to detect the pathogen. Spoligotyping and MIRU/VNTR-typing performed to assess the genetic similarity revealed identical molecular characteristics of the isolates from all animals involved. Anti-tuberculosis antibodies were detected using ELISA and a recently developed serological rapid test. The study shows that: (i) using molecular methods, the assessment of the genetic relationship of infectious agents helps to confirm the routes of infection, and that (ii) immunological tests may help to detect tuberculosis infections ante mortem more reliably and early. This would prevent the transfer of tuberculosis by asymptomatic animals.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Jena, Naumburger Str. 96a, D-07743 Jena, Germany. irmgard.moser@fli.bund.de
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Prodinger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hotzel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Greenwald
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Lyashchenko
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gomis
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seidler
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ellenberger
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hetzel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wuennemann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moisson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo / Q000382:microbiology; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D002162:Camelus / Q000382:microbiology*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D005838:Genotype; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D010527:Perissodactyla / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D046070:Sea Lions / Q000382:microbiology*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial