Gastrointestinal satiety signals.
The increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide has imparted renewed impetus to the study of the mechanisms of appetite regulation. Digestion and nutrient absorption take place in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, whereas food intake is controlled by neuronal circuits in the central nervous system. The need for gut-brain cross talk is therefore clear. It is now recognized that hormones released into the circulation from the GI tract in response to nutritional stimuli form a key component of this gut-brain axis. Peptides such as glucagon-like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and peptide YY3-36 reduce food intake in both animal models and in humans. Physiologically, such peptides are thought to act as satiety signals and meal terminators. Here, we review the current state of the field of the effects of gut hormone action on appetite control.
Chaudhri
Owais B
OB
Department of Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
Salem
Victoria
V
Murphy
Kevin G
KG
Bloom
Stephen R
SR
D000818:Animals; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology
D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones