title: Hydration at the work site.
abstract: When performing physical work, sweat output often exceeds water intake, producing a body water deficit or dehydration. Specific to the work place, dehydration can adversely affect worker productivity, safety, and morale. Legislative bodies in North America such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) recommend replacing fluids frequently when exposed to heat stress, such as one cup (250 ml) every 20 minutes when working in warm environments. However, the majority of legislative guidelines provide vague guidance and none take into account the effects of work intensity, specific environments, or protective clothing. Improved occupational guidelines for fluid and electrolyte replacement during hot weather occupational activities should be developed to include recommendations for fluid consumption before, during, and after work.
authors.affiliation: United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 42 Kansas Street, Natick, MA 01760, USA. Robert.Kenefick@us.army.mil
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Kenefick
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Sawka
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D003681:Dehydration / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D016272:Occupational Health; D013546:Sweating / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004573:Electrolytes