title: Household contacts were key factor for children's colonization with resistant Escherichia coli in community setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In young children infections with resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) can lead to life-threatening situations. Epidemiological data on the prevalence and major determinants of carriage of antibiotic resistant E. coli among children in the community setting are sparse.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a population-based study from Germany, stool samples were obtained from children aged 6 months to 4 years attending a pediatrician for a regular health screening (N=568) or an acute infection (N=316), as well as from their parents (N=1,594) and siblings (N=624). E. coli was cultured, and minimal inhibitory concentrations to various antibiotics were tested. We determined prevalences of E. coli resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics and their association with potential risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of E. coli resistance was 16.6%, 8.7%, and 11.6% for ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, and doxycycline, respectively. Strong associations were found with antibiotic resistance among siblings (odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] for ampicillin, doxycycline, and cotrimoxazole resistance: 4.4 [1.8-10.8], 8.0 [3.0-21.2], and 10.8 [3.5-32.7], respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resistance prevalences in this community-based study were much lower than those reported from the clinical sector. Household contacts seem to be the key factor for children;s colonization with resistant E. coli in the community setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, German Centre for Research on Ageing, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lietzau
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Raum
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: von Baum
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marre
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brenner
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000668:Ampicillin Resistance; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D035781:Siblings; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D004318:Doxycycline