title: LDL-apheresis: indications and clinical experience in a tertiary cardiac centre.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy and safety of liposorber D low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis system in high-risk cardiac patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of 466 treatments undertaken in eight patients with coronary heart disease. Five patients had severe heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH), one had severe hypertriglyceridaemia and two were cardiac transplant recipients with FH intolerant to statins. Acute reductions during single sessions and preprocedural long-term changes in lipoprotein subfractions, laboratory safety parameters, adverse events and clinical outcome were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 352 treatments performed in seven patients, acute reductions averaged 52.8% (standard deviation: 8.61%) for total cholesterol (TC), 61.8% (10.13%) for LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), 21.1% (9.66%) for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), 71.1% (median) for lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and 44.5% (14.42%) for triglycerides (p < 0.05). Long-term reductions of TC, LDL-C, Lp(a) and triglycerides by 18.1%, 21.7%, 9.4% (median) and 19.8%, respectively, were achieved. HDL-C was increased by 7.5%. Results from the patient with severe hypertriglyceridaemia were analysed separately because of markedly elevated TC and triglycerides. Technical and clinical complications were mild and showed an incidence of 16.65% and 12.45% respectively. The most common clinical event was transient hypotension (5.8%), whereas vascular access difficulties (11.3%) represented a common technical problem. All patients demonstrated clinical improvement. However, two patients treated via a central line developed septicaemia, resulting in endocarditis in one of them.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liposorber D is a simple, safe and effective modality in reducing atherogenic lipoproteins in dyslipidaemic high-risk cardiac patients. The treatment via an arteriovenous fistula is the preferred vascular access in this type of patient.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Harefield Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, Harefield, Middlesex, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Archontakis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pottle
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hakim
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ilsley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001781:Blood Component Removal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D014280:Triglycerides