title: Lyn tyrosine kinase is required for P2X(4) receptor upregulation and neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury.
abstract: Neuropathic pain, a debilitating chronic pain following nerve damage, is a reflection of the aberrant functioning of a pathologically altered nervous system. One hallmark is abnormal pain hypersensitivity to innocuous stimuli (tactile allodynia), for which effective therapy is lacking, and the underlying mechanisms of which remain to be determined. Here we show that Lyn, a member of the Src family kinases (SFKs), plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Nerve injury, but not peripheral inflammation, increased immunoreactivity for active SFKs that were autophosphorylated in the kinase domain (phospho-SFK-IR) in spinal microglia. In spinally derived microglial cells, we identified Lyn as the predominant SFK among the five members (Src, Fyn, Yes, Lck, and Lyn) known to be expressed in the CNS. Lyn expression in the spinal cord was highly restricted to microglia, and its level was increased after nerve injury. We found that mice lacking lyn (lyn(-/-)) exhibit a striking reduction in the levels of phospho-SFK-IR and tactile allodynia after nerve injury, without any change in basal mechanical sensitivity or inflammatory pain. Importantly, lyn(-/-) mice displayed impaired upregulation of the ionotropic ATP receptor subtype P2X(4) receptors (P2X(4)R) in the spinal cord after nerve injury, which is crucial for tactile allodynia. Microglial cells from lyn(-/-) mice showed a deficit in their ability to increase P2X(4)R expression in response to fibronectin, a factor implicated as a microglial P2X(4)R upregulator in allodynia. Together, our findings suggest that Lyn may be a critical kinase mediating nerve injury-induced P2X(4)R upregulation and neuropathic pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tozaki-Saitoh
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Emika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toyomitsu
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tezuka
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Kazuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism; D010146:Pain / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D058848:Receptors, Purinergic P2X4; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism; D013127:Spinal Nerves / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C548227:P2rx4 protein, mouse; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058848:Receptors, Purinergic P2X4; C060902:lyn protein-tyrosine kinase; D019061:src-Family Kinases