title: Gene expression profiling in whole liver of bile duct ligated rats: VEGF-A expression is up-regulated in hepatocytes adjacent to the portal tracts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It would be of clinical importance to clarify molecular mechanisms of cholangiocytes proliferation for the treatment of intractable cholestatic diseases. The aim of this study was to elucidate gene expression profiling in the whole liver of bile duct ligated (BDL) rats using microarray analysis. In addition, the localization and time course of up-regulated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The whole liver was removed from BDL and sham-operated rats at day 2 after the procedure, and microarray analysis was performed using an array on which 3757 rat cDNA clones spotted. The up-regulation of VEGF expression was investigated by RT-PCR using livers at day 1, 2, 4 and 7, and immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry at day 2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Marked proliferation of bile ducts was observed in livers of BDL rats. By microarray analysis, 38 up-regulated and 17 down-regulated transcripts were detected in whole liver of the BDL rat. The expression of VEGF-A was significantly elevated in the BDL rats at day 2; the VEGF-A/GAPDH ratio was 4.030 +/- 2.493 in BDL rats and 1.159 +/- 0.125 in sham-operated rats (P = 0.0330). The up-regulation of VEGF-A expression was maximal at day 2. Immunoblotting also demonstrated up-regulated expression of VEGF-A at the protein level. Immunostaining of VEGF revealed that the expression was evident in hepatocytes adjacent to the portal tracts, and scarcely observed in hepatocytes at the centrilobular area or cholangiocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gene expression profiling in the whole liver of the BDL rats revealed 38 up-regulated and 17 down-regulated transcripts. In addition, the up-regulated expression of VEGF was mainly observed in hepatocytes surrounding to the portal tracts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan. a-tanaka@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Kohichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuneyama
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uegaki
authors.forename: Mitsuhiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aiso
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000601:surgery*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008026:Ligation; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011168:Portal System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467498:vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat