title: Phylogeographic analysis of mitochondrial DNA in northern Asian populations.
abstract: To elucidate the human colonization process of northern Asia and human dispersals to the Americas, a diverse subset of 71 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages was chosen for complete genome sequencing from the collection of 1,432 control-region sequences sampled from 18 autochthonous populations of northern, central, eastern, and southwestern Asia. On the basis of complete mtDNA sequencing, we have revised the classification of haplogroups A, D2, G1, M7, and I; identified six new subhaplogroups (I4, N1e, G1c, M7d, M7e, and J1b2a); and fully characterized haplogroups N1a and G1b, which were previously described only by the first hypervariable segment (HVS1) sequencing and coding-region restriction-fragment-length polymorphism analysis. Our findings indicate that the southern Siberian mtDNA pool harbors several lineages associated with the Late Upper Paleolithic and/or early Neolithic dispersals from both eastern Asia and southwestern Asia/southern Caucasus. Moreover, the phylogeography of the D2 lineages suggests that southern Siberia is likely to be a geographical source for the last postglacial maximum spread of this subhaplogroup to northern Siberia and that the expansion of the D2b branch occurred in Beringia ~7,000 years ago. In general, a detailed analysis of mtDNA gene pools of northern Asians provides the additional evidence to rule out the existence of a northern Asian route for the initial human colonization of Asia.
authors.affiliation: Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia. mderenko@mail.ru
authors.forename: Miroslava
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Derenko
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Malyarchuk
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grzybowski
authors.forename: Galina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Denisova
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dambueva
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perkova
authors.forename: Choduraa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dorzhu
authors.forename: Faina
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luzina
authors.forename: Hong Kyu
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vanecek
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Villems
authors.forename: Ilia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zakharov
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005843:Geography; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial