title: Marked production of ginsenosides Rd, F2, Rg3, and compound K by enzymatic method.
abstract: The hydrolysis of protopanaxadiol-type saponin mixture by various glycoside hydrolases was examined. Among these enzymes, crude preparations of lactase from Aspergillus oryzae, beta-galactosidase from A. oryzae, and cellulase from Trichoderma viride were found to produce ginsenoside F(2) [3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol], compound K [20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol], and ginsenoside Rd {3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol}, respectively, from protopanaxadiol-type saponin mixture in large quantities. Moreover, the crude preparation of lactase from Penicillium sp. having a high producing activity of ginsenoside Rh(1) (6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxatriol) from protopanaxatriol-type saponin mixture gave ginsenoside Rd as a main product, ginsenoside Rg(3) {3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20(S)-protopanaxadiol}, and compound K from protopanaxadiol-type saponin mixture. The hydrolytic pathways of ginsenosides Rb(1), Rb(2), and Rc to ginsenosides Rd, Rg(3), and F(2), and compound K by crude preparations of four glycoside hydrolases were also studied. This is the first report on the enzymatic preparation of an intestinal bacterial metabolite, ginsenoside F(2), in quantity, and a considerable amount of a minor saponin, ginsenoside Rg(3), from a protopanaxadiol-type saponin mixture.
authors.affiliation: K T & G Central Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea. srko@ktng.com
authors.forename: Sung-Ryong
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Kang-Ju
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Byung-Goo
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D001236:Aspergillus oryzae / Q000201:enzymology; D002480:Cellulase / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D043322:Lactase / Q000378:metabolism; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012502:Sapogenins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000201:enzymology; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002480:Cellulase; D036145:Ginsenosides; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; D043322:Lactase; D012502:Sapogenins; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; C407883:ginsenoside F2; C097367:ginsenoside Rg3; C112772:ginsenoside compound K; C062916:protopanaxadiol; C049863:ginsenoside Rd