title: Serum uric acid and brain ischemia in normal elderly adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uric acid (UA) has antioxidant properties yet when elevated is associated with vascular disease and stroke. Further, even high normal UA is associated with increased risk of mild cognitive dysfunction in elderly adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional, observational study, we examined the relationship between serum UA and aggregate volume of white matter hyperintense (WMH) signals observed on proton density and T2-weighted brain MR images in a community sample of 177 adults ages 20 to 92. Using logistic regression, we tested whether participants with UA concentrations in the highest quartile of the sample--but still normal--would have increased WMH volumes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with those with low to moderate levels, participants with high normal serum UA were more likely to fall in the highest quartile of WMH volume. The odds ratios (95% CIs) of increased WMH were 2.6 (1.2 to 5.4) for total, 2.5 (1.2 to 5.1) for periventricular, and 2.8 (1.4 to 5.9) for subcortical WMH volume. After controlling for age, sex, race, education, body mass, hypertension, and diabetes, the multivariate-adjusted odds of large total and subcortical WMH volumes remained elevated. Finally, high normal UA increased the odds of having excessive ischemic burden four- to fivefold in adults ages 60 and older.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that mildly elevated serum uric acid is associated with increased burden of cerebral ischemic pathology, particularly in older adults. We outline the potential pathogenesis of this association. A clinical trial of antihyperuricemic medication to treat or prevent chronic brain ischemia might be warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. dschret@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schretlen
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Inscore
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Vannorsdall
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kraut
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Pearlson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Jinnah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014527:Uric Acid