title: Medications do not necessarily normalize cognition in ADHD patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although ADHD medications are effective for the behavioral components of the disorder, little information exists concerning their effects on cognition, especially in community samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of ADHD patients treated with three different ADHD drugs was conducted. Patients' performance on a computerized neurocognitive screening battery was compared to untreated ADHD patients and normal controls (NML). A total of 177 ADHD patients aged 10 to 18, achieved a favorable response to one of the following medications: Adderall XR (AMP), atomoxetine (ATMX), and Concerta (MPH-OROS) compared to 95 untreated ADHD patients and 101 NML.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were detected between normals and untreated ADHD patients. Treated patients performed better than untreated patients but remained significantly impaired compared to normal subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even with optimal treatment, based on parents' and teachers' opinions, subtle and not-so-subtle neurocognitive impairments persisted in the ADHD patients. Some ADHD patients may require additional educational assistance, even in the face of successful medication treatment.
authors.affiliation: North Carolina Neuropsychiatry Clinics, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA. tg@ncneuropsych.com
authors.forename: C Thomas
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Gualtieri
authors.forename: Lynda G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011437:Propylamines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D011437:Propylamines; D008774:Methylphenidate; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; D000661:Amphetamine