title: Paraoxonase/arylesterase ratio, PON1 192Q/R polymorphism and PON1 status are associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In recent years, importance of enzyme activity measurements, in addition to genotyping, in epidemiological studies relating paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and vascular disease was emphasized. This is the first report evaluating paraoxonase and arylesterase activities as risk factors for ischemic stroke. In addition, PON1 192Gln(Q)/Arg(R) and 55Leu(L)/Met(M) polymorphisms were also analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population was comprised of 108 ischemic stroke patients and 78 controls. Enzyme activities were determined by spectrophotometric assays and for genotyping, standard PCR protocols followed by restriction enzyme digestions were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of the PON1 192RR genotype was increased among stroke patients (16.7%) as compared to controls (9.0%, P=0.129). Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities and PON1 activity ratio (paraoxonase/arylesterase) were found to be lower in patients than in controls. Logistic regression analysis revealed PON1 activity ratio (odds ratio, OR=0.697, 95% CI, 0.541 to 0.898, P=0.005), PON1 192RR genotype (OR=3.434, 95% CI, 1.159 to 10.178, P=0.026) and PON1 status (PON1 activity ratio combined with PON1 192RR genotype; OR=1.406, 95% CI, 1.038 to 1.905, P=0.028) as significant predictors of stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study identified PON1 activity ratio, PON1 192RR genotype and PON1 status as important risk factors for ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06531, Ankara, Turkey. birsencan.demirdogen@rshm.gov.tr
authors.forename: Birsen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Can Demirdöğen
authors.forename: Aysun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Türkanoğlu
authors.forename: Semai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bek
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sanisoğlu
authors.forename: Seref
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demirkaya
authors.forename: Okay
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vural
authors.forename: Emel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arinç
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Adali
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001120:Arginine / Q000235:genetics; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D005973:Glutamine / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012306:Risk; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D001120:Arginine; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C019734:arylesterase; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase