title: Prevalence and prediction of renal artery stenosis in patients with coronary and supraaortic artery atherosclerotic disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal atherosclerosis is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of renal artery stenosis (RAS) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and supraaortic arteries (SA) stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Renal angiography was performed in 1193 (807 men) consecutive patients referred for coronary or SA angiography. Group I included 296 (136 men, 60.1 +/- 9.5 years) patients with no significant (< 50%) lesion in coronary arteries or SA; group II included 706 (526 men, 62.2 +/- 9.7 years) patients with stenosis > or = 50% within single arterial territory (coronary arteries or SA) and group III included 191 (145 men, 64.9 +/- 8.5 years) patients with stenosis > or = 50% in both territories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some RAS was found in 55 (18.6%) patients in group I, 250 (35.4%) patients in group II and 115 (60.2%) patients in group III (P < 0.001). The proportion of patients with RAS > or = 50% in groups I, II and III was 3.3, 6.2 and 18.3%, respectively (P < 0.001). RAS prevalence increased with the number of stenosed coronary arteries (38.4% in 1-vessel, 42.1% in 2-vessel, 48.5% in 3-vessel CAD, P < 0.001). Independent predictors of RAS > or = 50% identified by logistic regression analysis were SA stenosis [relative risk (RR) = 3.28, P < 0.001], 2-3-vessel-CAD (RR = 2.04, P = 0.002), creatinine level > or = 1.07 mg/dl (RR = 2.95, P < 0.001), hypertension (RR = 2.97, P = 0.012) and body mass index < 25 kg/m(2) (RR = 1.42, P = 0.169). A calculated score for RAS > or = 50% prediction (based on the regression model) was reliable (coefficient of determination, R = 0.978) and showed a sensitivity of 77.5% and a specificity of 63.9%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RAS prevalence and severity increases with the number of arterial territories involved and CAD severity. The following independent predictors of RAS > or = 50% were identified: SA involvement, 2-3-vessel-CAD, serum creatinine level and hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, The John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202 Krakow, Poland. tadeuszprzewlocki@op.pl
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Przewlocki
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kablak-Ziembicka
authors.forename: Wieslawa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tracz
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kopec
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rubis
authors.forename: Mieczyslaw
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pasowicz
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Musialek
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kostkiewicz
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kozanecki
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stompór
authors.forename: Wladyslaw
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sulowicz
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sokolowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D021921:Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular / Q000150:complications*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*