title: Causes for discharge of military working dogs from service: 268 cases (2000-2004).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine causes for discharge of military working dogs (MWDs) from service.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  268 MWDs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of all MWDs approved for discharge from December 2000 through November 2004 were evaluated for cause of discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  23 dogs had been obtained through the Department of Defense breeding program but had failed to meet prepurchase or certification standards. The remaining 245 (120 German Shepherd Dogs, 100 Belgian Malinois, and 25 dogs of other breeds) had been purchased as adults or obtained through the breeding program and had passed prepurchase and certification standards. Eighty-five of the 245 (34.7%) adult dogs were 1 to < 5 years old at discharge, and 160 (65.3%) were >or= 5 years old at discharge. The proportion of adult dogs < 5 years old at discharge that were German Shepherd Dogs (69.4%) was significantly greater than the proportion of adult dogs >or= 5 years old at discharge that were German Shepherd Dogs (38.1%). Within the subgroup of dogs >or= 5 years old at discharge, median age at discharge for the German Shepherd Dogs (8.59 years) was significantly less than median age at discharge for the Belgian Malinois (10.61 years). For adult dogs < 5 years old at discharge, the most common cause for discharge was behavioral problems (82.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggested that longevity of service for MWDs may be influenced by breed differences and that selection criteria should be evaluated to reduce behavior-related discharge from service.
authors.affiliation: Department of Defense Military Working Dog Veterinary Service, 1219 Knight St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Herbold
authors.forename: Benjamin S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
authors.forename: George E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States; D014731:Veterinary Service, Military / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*