title: Water load test before and after PPI therapy in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease may complain of epigastric pain, bloating, early satiety, epigastric fullness, epigastric burning, nausea and vomiting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the symptoms in response to gastric distension and its relationship to a therapeutic course in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease using the water load test, compared to healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty gastro-oesophageal reflux disease patients with grade A oesophagitis (studied before and after 4 weeks of therapy with esomeprazole, 40 mg per day) and 15 patients with reflux-related symptoms demonstrated at wireless pH monitoring (non-erosive reflux disease) were compared to 30 healthy volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with grade A oesophagitis and with reflux-related symptoms ingested significantly lower water volumes than did controls, before onset of fullness, without statistically significant difference between erosive or non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease; this variable improved in patients after treatment. Nausea scores were higher basally in patients, pre- and post-therapy, and improved after therapy. Thirty-minute fullness and bloating scores improved after therapy in all gastro-oesophageal reflux disease patients compared to controls and pre-therapy. In all pre-treatment patients, a significant correlation was found only with epigastric fullness; after treatment, there was no significant relationship between the water load and the symptom scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with reflux-related symptoms, with or without grade A oesophagitis, the water load test is frequently abnormal, suggesting an altered gastric function. This could explain the incomplete resolution of symptoms after treatment in some patients, and should lead to additional studies aimed at exploring gastric function in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease patients.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Cardinal Massaja Hospital, Asti, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grassini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navino
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Niola
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Verna
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazzocchi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clerici
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bassotti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D064098:Esomeprazole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004942:Esophagitis, Peptic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D014867:Water; D064098:Esomeprazole