title: Elevated levels of high mobility group box chromosomal protein-1 (HMGB-1) in sera from patients with severe bacterial pneumonia coinfected with influenza virus.
abstract: Plasma levels of high mobility group box chromosomal protein-1 (HMGB-1), as well as of other inflammatory molecules such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), were determined in patients with bacterial pneumonia coinfected with influenza virus. HMGB-1 levels were significantly elevated in these patients compared to patients undergoing mild bacterial pneumonia alone (p < 0.01). Among cases of coinfection, we found a significant correlation between the concentration of HMGB-1 and white blood cell counts (p < 0.05, r = 0.612). Levels of IL-6 were also higher in these patients than in patients with bacterial pneumonia alone (p < 0.05), despite similar levels of RANTES and sICAM-1 in the 2 groups. These data suggest that HMGB-1 is involved in the pathogenesis of severe bacterial pneumonia coinfected with influenza virus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical, Sakamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kosai
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanagihara
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Izumikawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kakeya
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tashiro
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1