title: Mescaline effects on rat behavior and its time profile in serum and brain tissue after a single subcutaneous dose.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mescaline is a nonselective serotonin receptor agonist. It has relatively delayed onset of action and prolonged duration. Mescaline attenuates various behavioral parameters in rats; however, no information is available about its pharmacokinetics in rats and its relation to the behavioral changes produced by the drug.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study evaluates the spontaneous locomotor activity and sensorimotor gating in relation to mescaline concentrations in the serum and the brain of rats
  
  
  METHODS
  Behavioral changes induced by mescaline [10, 20, and 100 mg/kg subcutaneously (s.c.)] were evaluated in an open-field test and testing of the prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle reaction (PPI) 15 and 60 min after drug administration. The time disposition of mescaline 20 mg/kg s.c. in rat serum and brain homogenates was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mescaline produced significant inhibitory effects on locomotion in low doses and a biphasic effect with the highest dose. In the PPI test, only when tested 60 min after drug administration, all doses of mescaline disrupted PPI. Besides the experimental protocol, we have observed that approximately 50% of animals receiving 100 mg/kg died within 12 h post-injection. The serum levels of mescaline rapidly increased within 30 min and subsequently quickly decreased; however, the brain concentrations reached a maximum 1 h after administration and remained high for an additional 60 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mescaline had a delayed onset of the main behavioral changes in rats compared to other hallucinogens. Behavioral changes correlated with the pharmacokinetics of the drug.
authors.affiliation: Prague Psychiatric Center, Ustavní 91, 181 03, Prague 8, Bohnice, Czech Republic. palenicek@pcp.lf3.cuni.cz
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pálenícek
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balíková
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bubeníková-Valesová
authors.forename: Jirí
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horácek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008635:Mescaline / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate / Q000502:physiology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D009949:Orientation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006213:Hallucinogens; D008635:Mescaline