title: Depression and risk of cardiovascular diseases among males aged 25-64 (WHO MONICA--psychosocial).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the influence of depression on risk of cardiovascular diseases development during 10 years in non-organized male population aged 25-64.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within the framework of the MONICA--psychosocial program a representative sample of 657 men 25-64 years old (1994 year) was examined. Depression was measured at baseline with the use of the MONICA--psychosocial Interview Depression scale. The incidence of new cases of AH, MI and stroke was revealed in the WHO "Registry MI" and "Registry stroke" 10-year follow-up. Cox is a proportional regression model that was used for estimation of RR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of depression in the cohort of men with AH was 28.9%, with MI--65.8% and of men with stroke 70.6%. The relative risk of development of AH, MI, stroke during the first five years of supervision in a group with the high level of depression as compared to those in whom depression was not observed was 6.7 times (p < 0.01), 2.26 times (p < 0.05), 6.4 times higher (p < 0.01), respectively. Within 10 years, the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases in men with high level of depression was: for AH--RR = 4.2; for MI--RR = 2.4; and stroke--RR = 5.2 (p < 0.05 comparing to those without it.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression is a predictor of cardiovascular diseases in middle-aged men.
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Laboratory of Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases (Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia. grom@irs.ru
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Gromova
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Gafarov
authors.forename: I V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Gagulin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology