title: Molecular and serological diagnosis of Chikungunya virus infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 2005-2006, during the Chikungunya virus outbreak in La Réunion (Indian Ocean), we urgently established the molecular and serological methods for the diagnosis of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) from various types of samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  CHIKV RNA was detected using a highly sensitive real-time RT PCR assay. A co-extracted and co-amplified internal control RNA was used to identify RT PCR inhibitors. Depending on their nature samples were pretreated before nucleic acid extraction. Viral loads were measured using a synthetic RNA calibrator. CHIKV immunoglobulin (Ig) G and M antibodies were detected by ELISA either from sera or from blood absorbed on filter paper.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CHIKV RNA was found in various types of samples such as plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and placenta, but was not found in some samples including maternal milk and synovial samples. Detection of IgG from filter paper absorbed blood is specific and sensitive. Routine data showed that maternally transferred IgG and naturally acquired IgM persist at least 12 and 18 months, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The techniques enabled the diagnosis of chikungunya in known and newly described forms of the disease. They are used for routine diagnosis and large scale surveys.
authors.affiliation: Service de Bactériologie-Parasitologie-Virologie et d'Hygiène, Groupe Hospitalier Sud-Réunion, BP 350, 97448, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grivard
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Le Roux
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fianu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perrau
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gigan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hoarau
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grondin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Staikowsky
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Favier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michault
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017508:Reunion / Q000453:epidemiology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000379:methods; D019562:Viral Load; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D014780:Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D012367:RNA, Viral