title: Deregulation of cofactor of BRCA1 expression in breast cancer cells.
abstract: Cofactor of BRCA1 (COBRA1) is an integral component of the human negative elongation factor (NELF), a four-subunit protein complex that inhibits transcription elongation. Previous in vivo work indicates that COBRA1 and the rest of the NELF complex repress estrogen-dependent transcription and the growth of breast cancer cells. In light of the COBRA1 function in breast cancer-related gene expression, we sought to examine regulation of COBRA1 expression in both established breast cancer cell lines and breast carcinoma tissues. We found that COBRA1 expression was inversely correlated with breast cancer progression, as tumor samples of patients who had distant metastasis and local recurrence expressed very low levels of COBRA1 mRNA when compared to those who were disease free for over 10 years (P = 0.0065 and 0.0081, respectively). Using both breast and prostate cancer cell lines, we also explored the possible mechanisms by which COBRA1 expression is regulated. Our results indicate that the protein abundance of COBRA1 and the other NELF subunits are mutually influenced in a tightly coordinated fashion. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) that targeted at one NELF subunit dampened the protein levels of all four subunits. Conversely, ectopic expression of COBRA1 in the knockdown cells partially rescues the co-depletion of the NELF subunits. In addition, our study suggests that a post-transcriptional, proteasome-independent mechanism is involved in the interdependent regulation of the NELF abundance. Furthermore, a lack of COBRA1 expression in breast carcinoma may serve as a useful indicator for poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, 15355 Lambda Drive, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA.
authors.forename: Jianlong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Gareth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: Ashley L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moskaluk
authors.forename: Sagar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Wen G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C411985:NSMF protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; C118437:negative elongation factor