title: Spectrum of shoulder injuries in the baseball pitcher.
abstract: This review describes a range of shoulder injuries experienced by baseball pitchers. It is estimated that more than 57% of pitchers suffer some form of shoulder injury during a playing season. Knowledge of the overhead throwing cycle is crucial for our understanding of these shoulder injuries. Baseball pitchers are prone to rotator cuff tears from tensile overload and impingement. Glenoid labrum degeneration or tears are also common, due to overuse syndrome (micro-instability), internal impingement and microtrauma. An understanding of the lesions involved in overhead throwing is crucial in baseball pitchers, as long-term disability can result from these injuries, sometimes with severe financial consequences to the player.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. haouellette@partners.org
authors.forename: Hugue
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ouellette
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Labis
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bredella
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sheah
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torriani
mesh_terms: D001175:Arthrography; D001484:Baseball / Q000293:injuries*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries