title: Disposition and metabolism of [14C]brasofensine in rats, monkeys, and humans.
abstract: Brasofensine is an inhibitor of the synaptic dopamine transporter. These studies were conducted to characterize the pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability, disposition, and metabolism of brasofensine after i.v. and/or p.o. administrations of [(14)C]brasofensine in rats (1.5 mg/kg i.v., 4 mg/kg p.o.) and monkeys (4 mg i.v., 12 mg p.o.) and humans (50 mg p.o.). Brasofensine was rapidly absorbed after p.o. administration in rats and monkeys, with peak plasma concentrations occurring 0.5 to 1 h but 3 to 8 h for brasofensine in humans. Plasma terminal elimination half-lives were approximately 2 h in rats, approximately 4 h in monkeys, and approximately 24 h in humans. Total body clearance and steady-state volume of distribution values were 199 ml/min/kg and 24 l/kg, respectively, in the rat and 32 ml/min/kg and 46 l/kg, respectively, in the monkey. Absolute bioavailability was 7% in rats and 0.8% in monkeys. After a single p.o. dose, urinary excretion of radioactivity accounted for 20% of the administered dose in rats, 70% in monkeys, and 86% in humans, with the remainder excreted into the feces. Brasofensine had extensive first-pass metabolism following p.o. administration in humans, monkeys, and rats. It primarily underwent O- and N-demethylation and isomerization. Some of the desmethyl metabolites were further converted to glucuronides. These primary metabolites and glucuronides of demethyl brasofensine (M1 and M2) were major circulating metabolites in humans and were also observed in rat and monkey plasma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Mingshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Daisy B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Whigan
authors.forename: Shu Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Randy C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Dockens
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D006574:Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D010091:Oximes / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D013045:Species Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D006574:Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring; D010091:Oximes; C415103:brasofensine