title: Genetic and epigenetic alterations of Ras signalling pathway in colorectal neoplasia: analysis based on tumour clinicopathological features.
abstract: Activation of RAS signalling induced by K-ras/BRAF mutations is a hallmark of colorectal tumours. In addition, Ras association domain families 1 and 2 (RASSF1 and RASSF2), the negative regulators of K-ras, are often inactivated by methylation of the promoter region in those tumours. However, reports showing differences in the occurrence of these alterations on the basis of tumour characteristics have been scarce. We analysed K-ras/BRAF mutations and the methylation status of RASSF1 and RASSF2 promoter regions in 120 colorectal adenomas with respect to their clinicopathological features. K-ras/BRAF mutations and RASSF2 methylation were observed in 49 (41%) and 30 (25%) of the samples, respectively, while RASSF1 methylation was observed in only 3 (2.5%). Adenomas with RASSF2 methylation often carried K-ras/BRAF mutations simultaneously (22 out of 30, P<0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that the concomitance of these alterations was frequently observed in serrated adenomas (odds ratio (OR) 11.11; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.96-63.00), but rarely in adenomas located in the sigmoid or descending colon (OR 0.13; 95% CI 0.03-0.58). A comparison between adenomas and cancers showed a significantly higher prevalence of these alterations in cancers than in adenomas in the proximal colon (58 vs 27%, P=0.02). Frequency and the time point of the occurrence of Ras signalling disorders differ according to colorectal neoplasia's characteristics, particularly the location.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horii
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiratori
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008745:Methylation; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009154:Mutation; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; C411762:RASSF1 protein, human; C425300:RASSF2 protein, human; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)