title: Drinking water production by ultrafiltration of Songhuajiang River with PAC adsorption.
abstract: In recent years, membrane ultrafiltration (UF) of surface water for drinking water treatment has become a more attractive technology worldwide as a possible alternative treatment to conventional clarification. To evaluate the performance of ultrafiltration membranes for treatment of surface water in North China, a 48-m2 low pressure hollow fiber membrane ultrafiltration pilot plant was constructed. Ultrafiltration was operated in cross-flow and with powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption. Turbidity was almost completely removed to less than 0.2 NTU (below Chinese standard 1 NTU). It was found that PAC addition enhanced organic matter removal. The combined process of PAC/UF allowed to 41% removal of COD(Mn), 46% removal of DOC and 57% decrease in UV254 absorbance. The elimination of particles, from average 12000/ml in the raw water to approximately 15/ml in the permeated, was observed. When PAC concentration was below 30 mg/L, backwashing could recovery the membrane flux with backwash interval/backwashing duration of 1/30.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. xiashengji@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sheng-Ji
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Ya-Nan
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Juan-Juan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002681:China; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D045483:Rivers; D014462:Ultrafiltration; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D014873:Water Pollutants; D002244:Carbon; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride