title: FLT: measuring tumor cell proliferation in vivo with positron emission tomography and 3'-deoxy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine.
abstract: Positron emission tomography (PET) using the radiotracer 3'-deoxy-3'-[(18)F]fluorothymidine (FLT) can image cellular proliferation in human cancers in vivo. FLT uptake has been shown to correlate with pathology-based proliferation measurements, including the Ki-67 score, in a variety of human cancers. Unlike pathology-based measurements, imaging-based methods, including FLT-PET, are noninvasive, easily repeatable, and less prone to sampling errors. FLT-PET may therefore be a useful tool for assessing tumor aggressiveness, predicting outcome, planning therapy, or monitoring response to treatment. Three recent clinical studies have reported that FLT-PET can accurately predict response very early after the initiation of chemotherapy. Especially with the advent of cytostatic chemotherapy agents, methods of biologically assessing a tumor's response will take on increasing importance, since changes in tumor size will not always be expected. To date, most studies of FLT-PET have focused on validating it as a means of quantifying cellular proliferation and testing its ability to accurately stage cancer. In some settings, FLT-PET has shown greater specificity for cancer than (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET, which can show false-positive uptake in areas of infection or inflammation. However, because of FLT's lower overall uptake and higher background activity in liver and bone marrow, FLT-PET should not be considered a potential replacement for staging by FLT-PET. Instead, FLT-PET should be considered a powerful addition to FDG-PET, providing additional diagnostic specificity and important biological information that could be useful in predicting prognosis, planning treatment, and monitoring response.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salskov
authors.forename: Varaha S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Tammisetti
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grierson
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vesselle
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000138:chemical synthesis
chemical_list: D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C002854:alovudine