title: Disclosure of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder may minimize risk of social rejection.
abstract: The vast majority of young adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) report interpersonal difficulties, which are likely exacerbated by others' negative perceptions of ADHD. Therefore, researchers and clinicians have called for the development of attitude change strategies. One strategy is preventative disclosure, in which one selectively informs and educates others about their condition. No known research has explored preventative disclosure with ADHD. To examine the effects of disclosure, 306 young adults read vignettes that varied in a two (ADHD symptom presentation: hyperactive/impulsive vs. inattentive) by two (preventative disclosure vs. nondisclosure) design. A factor analysis of the questions following each vignette resulted in two factors: Socially Rejecting Attitudes (alpha = .82) and Potential Benefits with Treatment (alpha = .61). Results suggest that preventative disclosure may greatly reduce Socially Rejecting Attitudes (d = -.95). When ADHD was disclosed, respondents were more likely to report that the character would benefit from treatment (d = .39). A character presenting with hyperactive/ impulsive (compared to inattentive) symptoms was more likely to be viewed as potentially benefiting from treatment (d = .50). If the results of the present study replicate with clinical samples, preventative disclosure could have a significant impact on the psychosocial functioning of people with ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Jane B. Pettit Pain and Palliative Care Center, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, 9000 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. KJastrowski@chw.org
authors.forename: Kristen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Jastrowski
authors.forename: Kristoffer S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Berlin
authors.forename: Amy F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: W Hobart
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D011639:Public Opinion; D012107:Research Design; D012381:Role Playing; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012928:Social Desirability; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires