title: Short-term outcome of olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation for treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether transplanting olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) is effective in controlling or reversing the deterioration caused by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between February 2003 and April 2006, 327 patients (241 males and 86 females) with probable or definite ALS (diagnosed according to the El Escorial criteria) received the OECs transplantation. Their ages ranged from 20 to 84 years (51.6 +/- 11.1 years). The duration of symptoms before surgical treatment was 4.8 months to 13 years (2.9 +/- 2.0 years). OECs were cultured and injected into pathological regions of the spinal cord and/or bilateral corona radiata of the brain; the patients were divided into three groups, group A (cord only, n = 29), group B (cord and brain, n = 6), and group C (brain only, n = 292) based on the transplant sites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient's neurological function was assessed both before and at 4 weeks after transplantation by using the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS) of the ALS CNTF Treatment Study (ACLS). The scores were increased from 17.2 +/- 8.6 pre-operation to 20.1 +/- 9.7 post-operation in group A (P < 0.05), from 24.2 +/- 6.8 to 25.7 +/- 6.6 (P > 0.05) in group B, and from 20.3 +/- 8.6 to 22.0 +/- 9.4 (P < 0.001) in group C. There were no significant difference in increased ALSFRS scores among the three groups (P > 0.05). The total improvement rate of neurological function was 77.1% (252/327). The result of electromyographic examination showed that spontaneous potential diminished and/or disappeared, the amplitude of the motor unit action potential decreased remarkably and the numbers of motor unit action potential greatly increased in 261 cases (79.8%). Sixteen patients (4.9%) experienced the various complications including headache, short-term fever, seizure attack, central nerve system infection, pneumonia, respiratory failure, urinary tract infection, heart failure, and possible pulmonary embolism; of them, there were 4 deaths (1.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary results suggest that the OECs transplantation is effective in controlling or reversing the physiological deterioration caused by ALS.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Xishan Institute for Neuroregeneration and Functional Recovery in Shijingshan District, Beijing 100041, PR China. chenlin_china@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hongyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yancheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Yinglun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology / Q000637:transplantation; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult