title: The natural history of IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is the most common food allergy in infants and young children, affecting 2% to 3% of the general population. Most studies have shown the prognosis of developing tolerance to cow's milk to be good, with most outgrowing their allergy by age 3 years.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To define the natural course of CMA and identify the factors that best predict outcome in a large referral population of children with CMA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical history, test results, and final outcome were collected on 807 patients with IgE-mediated CMA. Patients were considered tolerant after they passed a challenge or experienced no reactions in the past 12 months and had a cow's milk IgE (cm-IgE) level <3 kU/L.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of resolution were 19% by age 4 years, 42% by age 8 years, 64% by age 12 years, and 79% by 16 years. Patients with persistent allergy had higher cm-IgE levels at all ages to age 16 years. The highest cm-IgE for each patient, defined as peak cm-IgE, was found to be highly predictive of outcome (P < .001). Coexisting asthma (P < .001) and allergic rhinitis (P < .001) were also significant predictors of outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prognosis for CMA in this population is worse than previously reported. However, some patients developed tolerance during adolescence, indicating that follow-up and re-evaluation of CMA patients is important in their care. cm-IgE level is highly predictive of outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increasing potential for persistence of CMA, along with cm-IgE level's effect on prognosis, should be considered when counseling families regarding expected clinical course.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Justin M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Skripak
authors.forename: Elizabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mudd
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016269:Milk Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology*; D009055:Mouth / Q000276:immunology; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D007073:Immunoglobulin E