title: Combination chemotherapy employing bispecific antisense oligonucleotides having binding sites directed against an autocrine regulated growth pathway and bcl-2 for the treatment of prostate tumors.
abstract: In previous studies we demonstrated that antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) against transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha [MR1]), its binding site the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR [MR2]), and the anti-apoptosis protein bcl-2 (MR4) are efficacious against prostate tumors. In recent reports we also describe how two of these mRNA directed binding sites can be synthesized sequentially within a single linear complementary strand and administered either in the presence or absence of additional therapeutic agents. In these continuing experiments "bispecific" oligo pairs were further evaluated in the presence or absence of Cytoxan, Taxol, or DES. One oligo pair recognized the binding sites for TGF-alpha and EGFR mRNA (TGF-alpha/EGFR [MR12] and EGFR/TGF-alpha [MR21]); another pair recognized binding sites for EGFR and bcl-2 (EGFR/bcl-2 [MR24] and bcl-2/EGFR [MR42]). Oligo pairs differ in their linear 5' to 3' binding site orientations, and were tested in vitro against PC-3 and LNCaP prostate tumor cell lines. Following cell attachment, incubations were for 2 days with the agents followed by 2 days in their absence. When tested against PC-3 cells and combined with LD50 Cytoxan, MR2, MR4, MR24, MR42 significantly inhibited 47.3, 45.7, 68.3, and 64.9%; with LD50 Taxol MR2, MR4, MR24, MR42 significantly inhibited 49.8, 45.8, 64.1, and 59.2%; and with LD50 DES MR2, MR4, MR24, MR42 significantly inhibited 66.6, 67.6, 64.3, and 67.2% respectively. Each agent significantly increased the inhibition produced by either oligo alone.LNCaP cells were also incubated with mono- and bispecific oligos in either the presence or absence of chemotherapeutics. MR2, MR4, MR24, MR42 produced significant inhibitions of 57.4, 58.4, 69.4, and 68.6% with LD50 Cytoxan; 70.4, 70.1, 73.6, and 74.0% with LD50 Taxol; and 49.8, 50.1, 59.6, and 53.9%, respectively with LD50 DES.A complete PC-3 experiment compared MR1, MR2, MR4, MR12, MR21, MR24 and MR42, in the presence of LD50 Cytoxan. Each oligo combined with Cytoxan significantly inhibited: MR1 by 51.0, MR2 by 55.0, MR4 by 58.0; MR12 by 56.0; MR21 by 61.1, MR24 by 65.5 and MR42 by 66.0%. Bispecifics directed against two different pathways, MR24, and MR42 were the most effective.A complete LNCaP experiment compared the same series of oligos also in the presence of LD50 Cytoxan. Each oligo combined with Cytoxan significantly inhibited: MR1 by 49.0, MR2 by 50.0, MR4 by 53.0; MR12 by 52.0; MR21 by 58.6, MR24 by 53.9 and MR42 by 58.0%.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cellular Biology, Hektoen Institute for Medical Research, 2100 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. DrMarv@Prodigy.net
authors.forename: Marvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rubenstein
authors.forename: Paulus
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guinan
mesh_terms: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D001665:Binding Sites; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D066246:ErbB Receptors