title: Predictors of punding in Parkinson's disease: results from a questionnaire survey.
abstract: Dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) for Parkinson's disease (PD) has recently been linked to the development of a number of nonmotor behavioral control problems. Punding, one of these nonmotor problems, is a term used to describe complex, purposeless stereotyped behaviors such as the repetitive handling or sorting of objects. A self-report questionnaire was adapted to assess punding in the context of dysfunctional hobby-related activities. We report the results of a survey of PD outpatients from a PD research clinic (n = 141) and non-PD controls (n = 103); conducted to identify clinical and psychological factors predictive of punding behaviors. The PD group reported hobbies and activities, which scored significantly higher on the Punding Scale than controls. Higher impulsivity, poorer disease-related quality of life, younger age of disease onset, and concomitant daily medication dosage from dopamine receptor agonists were independently predictive of higher Punding Scale scores in the PD group. These findings are similar to those seen in dopamine dysregulation syndrome, and provide further evidence for the role of impulsivity and age at disease onset in DRT-related nonmotor behavioral problems in PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. AJL54@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Spagnolo
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Michael R F
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Aitken
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Sahakian
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001519:Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003625:Data Collection; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006686:Hobbies / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents