title: Clinical and brain MRI follow-up study of a family with COL4A1 mutation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To better delineate the clinical spectrum and the natural history of COL4A1 mutations, a newly defined genetic cause of small vessel disease including the brain and retina.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and brain MRI follow-up study of a family with COL4A1 mutation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a 7-year period, two affected members died from intracranial hemorrhage. Four other members had a COL4A1 mutation (age ranges 25 to 74 years). None reported stroke or retinal hemorrhage or hematuria and none had dementia according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria. Follow-up brain MRI showed grade 3 diffuse leukoencephalopathy in three out of four patients. All had dilated perivascular spaces and three out of four had silent microbleeds mainly in the deep white matter. MRI signal abnormalities did not change in severity, number, or location between baseline and follow-up imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COL4A1 mutation carriers have great diversity in the clinical expression of the disease within the same family. Some affected family members may remain asymptomatic during several years of follow-up and have no evidence of progression of vascular changes on brain MRI.
authors.affiliation: Service de Neurologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service de Neurologie, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010 Paris, France. katayoun.vahedi@lrb.aphp.fr
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vahedi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boukobza
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Massin
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tournier-Lasserve
authors.forename: M-G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bousser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D024141:Collagen Type IV / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D020521:Stroke / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D024141:Collagen Type IV; D005819:Genetic Markers