title: A method for determination of tongue size in patients with mandibular prognathism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The view on the role of the tongue in the etiology of dentofacial malformations and relapse after orthognathic surgery has changed over years.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and metric size of the tongue in patients with madibular prognathism in comparison with persons with normal face anatomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A noninvasive study was conducted at the Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University in Lódź. We enrolled 152 patients and divided them into two groups: I - study group with mandibular prognathism, II - control group without dentofacial malformations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the clinical size of the tongue in the study and control groups. A large tongue was more often detected in the study than the control group. The frequency of small tongue was similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with mandibular prognathism have a larger tongue in comparison with normal individuals.
authors.affiliation: Klinika Chirurgii Czaszkowo-Szczekowo-Twarzowej i Onkologicznej Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lodzi ul. Kopcińskiego 22, 90-153 Lódź.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arkuszewski
authors.forename: Ewelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gaszyńska
authors.forename: Aleksander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Przygoński
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008260:Macroglossia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D010614:Pharynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D011378:Prognathism / Q000150:complications*; D012016:Reference Values; D014059:Tongue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*