title: [Coagulation and formation of malignant effusions].
abstract: Malignant effusions are a frequent problem for cancer patients. Due to the high resistance of tumor cells within these effusions, no effective treatment has been defined yet. Most patients exhibit additional phenomena related to hyper-coagulability such as elevated levels for d-dimers and prothrombin fragments f1.2; half of them suffer from manifest thrombosis or complications. We followed the hypothesis that the activated coagulation system contributes to the resistance of tumor cells and analyzed the effusions from cancer patients. The majority of isolated tumor cells aberrantly expressed PAR-1 thrombin receptors. In vitro pre-incubation of PAR-1 expressing human leukemia cells with thrombin resulted in a dose-dependent resistance to idarubicin. Within the effusions, we did not only find high concentrations of VEGF and tissue factor, but also all coagulation factors of the tissue factor pathway. Very high levels of prothrombin fragments f1.2 indicate constant thrombin generation. Upon the basis of these findings, we developed a multistep model elucidating the pathophysiological generation of malignant effusions, which might serve as a basis for further examinations.
authors.affiliation: Onkologischer Schwerpunkt, Klinik für Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Schittenhelmstr. 12, 24015 Kiel. gieseler@oncology.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gieseler
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stelck
authors.forename: L-F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Blume
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Denker
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dohrmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mundhenke
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bauerschlag
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tiemann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kunze
mesh_terms: D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D016066:Pleural Effusion, Malignant / Q000097:blood*; D044463:Receptor, PAR-1 / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D044463:Receptor, PAR-1