title: The value of laboratory and imaging studies in the evaluation of long-bone non-unions.
abstract: Delayed union and non-union are common but definitive diagnosis is difficult. Few studies have evaluated imaging methods and laboratory parameters in the distinction between normal and prolonged heating specifically of long-bone fractures. The values of newer imaging methods have been analysed in some cases and should be the subject of further clinical trials. Biological markers may facilitate the earliest diagnosis of delayed union. Preliminary studies of these are limited and more trials are needed. To date it is still difficult to predict accurately a normal consolidation of bone.
authors.affiliation: Klinik for Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie an der Universität Heidelberg, Berufsgenossenschaltliche Unlallklinik, 67071 Ludwigshalen, Germany. Zimmermann@bgu-ludwigshafen.de
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wentzensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers