title: Spinal radiosurgery for metastatic disease of the spine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metastatic tumor in the spinal column is common, causing symptomatic spinal cord compression in approximately 25,000 patients annually. Although surgical treatment of spinal metastases has become safer, less invasive, and more efficacious in recent years, there remains a subset of patients for whom other treatment modalities are needed. Stereotactic radiosurgery, which has long been used in the treatment of intracranial lesions, has recently been applied to the spine and enables the effective treatment of metastatic lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We review the evolution of stereotactic radiosurgery and its applications in the spine, including a description of two commercially available systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although a relatively new technique, the use of stereotactic radiosurgery in the spine has advanced rapidly in the past decade. Spinal stereotactic radiosurgery is an effective and safe modality for the treatment of spinal metastatic disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future challenges involve the refinement of noninvasive fiducial tracking systems and the discernment of optimal doses needed to treat various lesions. Additionally, dose-tolerance limits of normal structures need to be further developed. Increased experience will likely make stereotactic radiosurgery of the spine an important treatment modality for a variety of metastatic lesions.
authors.affiliation: Spinal Oncology Service, Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84132, USA.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Finn
authors.forename: Frank D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Vrionis
authors.forename: Meic H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*