title: Variations in the HHEX gene are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, several groups have carried out whole-genome association studies in European and European-origin populations and found novel type 2 diabetes-susceptibility genes, fat mass and obesity associated (FTO), solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 8 (SLC30A8), haematopoietically expressed homeobox (HHEX), exostoses (multiple) 2 (EXT2), CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 1-like 1 (CDKAL1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (p15, inhibits CDK4) (CDKN2B) and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2), which had not been in the list of functional candidates. The aim of this study was to determine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes and type 2 diabetes in participants from the Japanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen previously reported SNPs were genotyped in 864 Japanese type 2 diabetes individuals (535 men and 329 women; age 63.1 +/- 9.5 years (mean+/-SD), BMI 24.3 +/- 3.9 kg/m(2)) and 864 Japanese control individuals (386 men and 478 women; age 69.5 +/- 6.8 years, BMI 23.8 +/- 3.7 kg/m(2)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SNPs rs5015480 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.46 (95% CI 1.20-1.77), p = 2.0 x 10(-4)], rs7923837 [OR = 1.40 (95% CI 1.17-1.68), p = 2.0 x 10(-4)] and rs1111875 [OR = 1.30 (95% CI 1.11-1.52), p = 0.0013] in HHEX were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes with the same direction as previously reported. SNP rs8050136 in FTO was nominally associated with type 2 diabetes [OR = 1.22 (95% CI 1.03-1.46), p = 0.025]. SNPs in other genes such as rs7756992 in CDKAL1, rs10811661 in CDKN2B and rs13266634 in SLC30A8 showed nominal association with type 2 diabetes. rs7756992 in CDKAL1 and rs10811661 in CDKN2B were correlated with impaired pancreatic beta cell function as estimated by the homeostasis model assessment beta index (p = 0.023, p = 0.0083, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HHEX is a common type 2 diabetes-susceptibility gene across different ethnic groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horikoshi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shojima
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueki
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Froguel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C078492:HHEX protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors