title: The utilization of parenteral nutrition during the in-patient management of inflammatory bowel disease in the United States: a national survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parenteral nutrition has a limited role in the in-patient management of inflammatory bowel disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine nationwide patterns of in-patient parenteral nutrition utilization and its demographic determinants and impact on outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified inflammatory bowel disease discharges in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 1998 and 2003 and determined rates of parenteral nutrition utilization among US census regions, in-hospital mortality and hospital resource utilization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The parenteral nutrition utilization rate among hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease patients was 6%. Only 64% of Crohn's disease and 55% of ulcerative colitis discharges who received parenteral nutrition had malnutrition, fistulizing or obstructive Crohn's disease, or surgery as an indication. The adjusted odds ratio of receiving parenteral nutrition were 0.36 (95% CI: 0.26-0.51) for the mid-west, 0.47 (0.37-0.56) for the south and 0.70 (0.56-0.89) for the west, compared to the north-east. Use of parenteral nutrition was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (OR 2.5; 95% CI: 1.93-3.24), length of stay (13.7 vs. 5.7 days, P < 0.001) and hospital charges ($51,729 vs. $19,563, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In-patient utilization of parenteral nutrition for inflammatory bowel disease varies markedly by census region, expends significant resources, and leads to potentially significant adverse outcomes. These findings underscore the need for guidelines for judicious parenteral nutrition use in inflammatory bowel disease.
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai Hospital IBD Centre, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada. gnguyen@mtsinai.on.ca
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Laveist
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Brant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States