title: IGF-1 is an independent risk factor for anemia in diabetic pre-dialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated whether the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) was related to the degree of the anemia in predialytic patients with renal failure and what was the most relevant factor for anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) from DM (DM-CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy seven patients (47 predialytic patients with long-term type 2 DM (DM-CKD) and 30 predialytic patients whose disease was due to other causes (non DM-CKD)) were enrolled in this study. The blood hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit, and the creatinine, ferritin, vitamin B12, folate, iron, LDH, albumin, hs-CRP, intact-PTH, erythropoietin, leptin and Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) levels were measured using standard methods. The estimated GFR was calculated using the abbreviated MDRD equation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups did not significantly differ as to age, gender, the serum creatinine level and the inflammatory status. The Hb level was significantly lower in the DM-CKD patients than that in the non DM-CKD patients (8.5+/-1.7 g/dL vs 9.6+/-1.6 g/dL, respectively, p=0.01). The Hb level was significantly lower in the DM-CKD patients who were being treated with ACE inhibitors (the DM-ACE patients) than that in the non DM-CKD patients who were being treated with ACE inhibitors (the non DM-ACE patients) (8.5+/-1.5 g/dL vs 10.8+/-1.6 g/dL, respectively, p=0.001). Multiple regression analysis indicated that serum IGF-1 concentration was independently associated with the Hb level (beta=0.425, p=0.02) in the DM-CKD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Hb concentration was significantly lower in the DM-CKD patients than that in the non DM-CKD patients. It was independently associated with the serum IGF-1 concentration in the DM-CKD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Do-Hyoung
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae-Young
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sun-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soo-Jeong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Dong-Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Suk-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I