title: Regulation of the mouse alphaB-crystallin and MKBP/HspB2 promoter activities by shared and gene specific intergenic elements: the importance of context dependency.
abstract: The closely linked (863 bp), divergently arranged mouse myotonic dystrophy kinase binding protein (Mkbp)/HspB2 and small heat shock protein (shsp)/alphaB-crystallin genes have different patterns of tissue-specific expression. We showed previously that an intergenic enhancing region (-436/-257 relative to alphaB-crystallin transcription start site) selectively activates the alphaB-crystallin promoter in an orientation-dependent manner (Swamynathan, S.K. and J. Piatigorsky 2002. J. Biol. Chem. 277:49700-6). Here we show that cis-elements alphaBE1 (-420/-396) and alphaBE3 (-320/-300) functionally interact with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and Sp1, respectively, both in vitro and in vivo. alphaBE1:GR regulates both the HspB2 and alphaB-crystallin promoters, while alphaBE3:Sp1 selectively regulates the alphaB-crystallin promoter, as judged by mutagenesis and co-transfection tests. Enhancer blocking assays indicate that the -836/-622 fragment can act as a negative regulator in transfection tests, raising the possibility that it contributes to the differential expression of the proximal HspB2 promoter and distal alphaB-crystallin promoter. Finally, experiments utilizing transiently transfected cells and transgenic mice show that two conserved E-box elements (-726/-721 and -702/-697) bind nuclear proteins and differentially regulate the HspB2 and alphaB-crystallin promoters in a tissue-specific manner. Taken together, our results indicate that the linked, differentially expressed HspB2 and alphaB-crystallin genes have evolved shared and promoter-preferred cis-control elements within the intergenic sequence. The context-dependency of cis-elements provides multiple opportunities for evolutionary novelty by small sequence changes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Shivalingappa K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Swamynathan
authors.forename: Joram
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piatigorsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002645:Chickens; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D038203:alpha-Crystallin B Chain / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C486699:Hspb2 protein, mouse; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D038203:alpha-Crystallin B Chain