title: Migration deficit in monocyte-macrophages in human ovarian cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the migration responses of monocyte/macrophages (MO/MA) expressing complementary receptors to chemokines produced in the tumor environment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the expression of the chemokine receptors, CCR1, CCR5, and CXCR4, on EOC associated ascitic and blood MO/MA; their response to complementary chemokines in a MO/MA migration assay and the F-actin content in an actin polymerization assay. A validated cDNA microarray assay was then utilized to examine alterations in pathway genes that can be identified with cell migration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ascitic and EOC blood MO/MA express CCR1, CCR5 and CXCR4, but differently. Cell surface expression levels for CCR1 and CCR5 were higher in ascites than that of normal blood in contrast to CXCR4 levels in ascitic MO/MA which were lower. EOC associated ascitic or blood MO/MA failed to migrate in response to the CC ligand RANTES and to the CXCR4 reactive chemokine, SDF1 (CXCL12). Ascitic and most EOC blood MO/MA also behaved differently from normal blood MO in the polymerization/depolymerization assay. A cDNA gene analysis of purified ascitic MO/MA demonstrated that a number of genes involved with chemokine production, focal adhesion, actin cytoskeletal function and leukocyte transendothelial migration were down-regulated in the ascitic MO/MA when compared to normal blood MO. Moreover, PBMC cDNA from EOC patients' blood also showed gene profiles similar to that of ascitic MO/MA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Defective migration and polymerization/depolymerization activity of MO/MA from EOC patients and a significant down-regulation of critical pathway genes suggest that other mechanisms might be involved in the accumulation of systemically derived MO at the tumor site of EOC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA. rfreedma@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Ralph S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Ena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Stacie T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Gallardo
authors.forename: Ilyssa O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Jeong Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stroncek
authors.forename: Francesco M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Marincola
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054389:Receptors, CCR1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; C515300:CCR1 protein, human; C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D054389:Receptors, CCR1; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4