title: Platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibition and chemotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer with bone metastases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To further assess preclinical and early clinical evidence that imatinib mesylate, a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) inhibitor, modulates taxane activity in prostate cancer and bone metastases, a randomized study was conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men with progressive castration-resistant prostate cancer with bone metastases (n = 144) were planned for equal randomization to i.v. 30 mg/m(2) docetaxel on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 every 42 days with 600 mg imatinib daily or placebo, for an improvement in median progression-free survival from 4.5 to 7.5 months (two-sided alpha = 0.05 and beta = 0.20). Secondary end points included differential toxicity and bone turnover markers, tumor phosphorylated PDGFR (p-PDGFR) expression, and modulation of p-PDGFR in peripheral blood leukocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Accrual was halted early because of adverse gastrointestinal events. Among 116 evaluable men (57 docetaxel + imatinib; 59 docetaxel + placebo), respective median times to progression were 4.2 months (95% confidence interval, 3.1-7.5) and 4.2 months (95% confidence interval, 3.0-6.8; P = 0.58, log-rank test). Excess grade 3 toxicities (n = 23) in the docetaxel + imatinib group were principally fatigue and gastrointestinal. Tumor p-PDGFR expression was observed in 12 of 14 (86%) evaluable bone specimens. In peripheral blood leukocytes, p-PDGFR reduction was more likely in docetaxel + imatinib-treated patients compared with docetaxel + placebo (P < 0.0001), as were reductions in urine N-telopeptides (P = 0.004) but not serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.099).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These clinical and translational results question the value of PDGFR inhibition with taxane chemotherapy in prostate cancer bone metastases and are at variance with the preclinical studies. This discordance requires explanation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. pmathew@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Thall
authors.forename: Corazon D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Bucana
authors.forename: William K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Donnah M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Marcella M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Sijin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Lance C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Pagliaro
authors.forename: Nizar M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Tannir
authors.forename: Shi-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Meluch
authors.forename: Lon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Sun-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Troncoso
authors.forename: Isaiah J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Fidler
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Logothetis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001549:Benzamides; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D002369:Castration; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D000077143:Docetaxel; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010919:Placebos; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D010879:Piperazines; D010919:Placebos; D011743:Pyrimidines; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor