title: Histopathologic and immunologic aspects of alphacor artificial corneal failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the histopathologic and immunologic characteristics of late artificial corneal failure in a small series of patients who underwent AlphaCor implantation and to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinicopathologic case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients were diagnosed with corneal melting during the late postoperative period and required the removal of the devices. The explanted devices embedded within the corneal tissues were examined by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Light microscopic examination of the specimens disclosed adequate biointegration with no foreign body response. Immunofluorescence studies of the skirt exhibited expression of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and some interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). The keratocytes stained positively for Thy-1 and smooth muscle actin but negatively for CD34.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although these findings confirm the occurrence of biointegration, myofibroblastic differentiation of the ingrowing keratocytes is a prominent feature.
authors.affiliation: Wilmer Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coassin
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: W Richard
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: James V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Aquavella
authors.forename: Esen K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Akpek
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001187:Artificial Organs; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003315:Cornea; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D020878:Device Removal; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011475:Prosthesis Failure
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D016207:Cytokines