title: Inter-individual variability in propofol pharmacokinetics in preterm and term neonates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To document covariates which contribute to inter-individual variability in propofol pharmacokinetics in preterm and term neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population pharmacokinetics were estimated (non-linear mixed effect modelling) based on the arterial blood samples collected in (pre)term neonates after i.v. bolus administration of propofol (3 mg kg(-1), 10 s). Covariate analysis included postmenstrual age (PMA), postnatal age (PNA), gestational age, weight, and serum creatinine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and thirty-five arterial concentration-time points were collected in 25 neonates. Median weight was 2930 (range 680-4030) g, PMA 38 (27-43) weeks, and PNA 8 (1-25) days. In a three-compartment model, PMA was the most predictive covariate for clearance (P<0.001) when parameterized as [CL(std).(PMA/38)(11.5)]. Standardized propofol clearance (CL(std)) at 38 weeks PMA was 0.029 litre min(-1). The addition of a fixed value in neonates with a PNA of >/=10 days further improved the model (P<0.001) and resulted in the equation [CL(std).(PMA/38)(11.5) +0.03] for neonates >/=10 days. Values for central volume (1.32 litre), peripheral volume 1 (15.4 litre), and peripheral volume 2 (1.29 litre) were not significantly influenced by any of the covariates (P>0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PMA and PNA contribute to the inter-individual variability of propofol clearance with very fast maturation of clearance in neonatal life. This implicates that preterm neonates and neonates in the first week of postnatal life are at an increased risk for accumulation during either intermittent bolus or continuous administration of propofol.
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Division of Woman and Child, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. karel.allegaert@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Allegaert
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verbesselt
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tibboel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Naulaers
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: de Hoon
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Knibbe
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000097:blood*; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D003404:Creatinine; D015742:Propofol