title: Safety and efficacy profile of G-CSF therapy in patients with acute on chronic liver failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate safety and efficacy of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor treatment in patients with acute on chronic liver failure and the effect of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor on the expression level of CXCR4, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and very late activation antigen 4.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients with acute on chronic liver failure were randomised to receive standard therapy, standard therapy+granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (5 microg/kg/day for 6 days) and standard therapy+granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (15 microg/kg/day s.c. for 6 days). Data on CD34+cell mobilisation were compared to age-matched peripheral blood haematopoietic stem cell donors treated with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. On day third of treatment, the expression level of CXCR4, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and very late activation antigen 4 was analysed in mobilised CD34+ cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD34 cell count increased after the second day of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor injection in both treatment groups compared to the linear increase observed in control. After the fifth day the increase was significantly higher in healthy donors versus patients with acute on chronic liver failure. A decrease in the expression of CXCR4, very late activation antigen 4 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor compared to premobilisation values was observed. No major side effects were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor treatment is able to induce CD34 mobilisation in patients with acute on chronic liver failure. The expression pattern of CXCR4, very late activation antigen 4 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor suggests that these molecules are involved in the granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-induced stem cell mobilisation.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Pathology Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy. c.dicampli@idi.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Campli
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zocco
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saulnier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grieco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rapaccini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Addolorato
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rumi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santoliquido
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gasbarrini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gasbarrini
mesh_terms: D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019650:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D039041:Integrin alpha4beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D039041:Integrin alpha4beta1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1