title: Effect of organic carbon content, clay type, and aging on the oral bioavailability of hexachlorobenzene in rats.
abstract: Bioavailability of lipophilic chemicals is influenced by the physicochemical properties of soils/sediment such as particle size, pH, clay, and organic carbon content. The present study investigated the effects of sediment composition and aging on the oral bioavailability of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in rats. Formulated sediments were prepared using various ratios of kaolinite and montmorillonite clay, sand, peat moss, and black carbon, spiked with (14)C-HCB, and orally administered to rats prior to and after one year of aging in dark at 10 degrees C. In the nonaged sediments there was a 21 to 45% reduction in the oral bioavailability of HCB when compared to the corn oil standard without any clear pattern of the impact of the sediment clay and/or organic carbon content. One year of aging resulted in statistically significant (p = 0.049) reduction in the oral bioavailability of HCB from the sediments compared to the corn oil standard and nonaged sediment indicating stronger interactions between HCB and sediment contents with aging. The mean reduction in oral bioavailability after one year of aging ranged from approximately 5 to 14% greater than that observed for nonaged sediments. The fecal elimination of the HCB-derived radioactivity from the one-year-aged sediments was much higher than the nonaged sediments, consistent with the lower absorption from the gastrointestinal tract due to lower desorption of HCB from the aged sediments. Increase in the fecal elimination and decrease in oral bioavailability of (14)C-HCB was related to the increase in clay and black carbon.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, USA. ssaghir@dow.com
authors.forename: Shakil A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Saghir
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bartels
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Budinsky
authors.forename: Eric E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Staley
authors.forename: Yunzhou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000077215:Clay; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene; D002244:Carbon; D000077215:Clay