title: Reflux patterns in the ovarian and hypogastric veins in patients with varicose veins and signs of pelvic venous incompetence.
abstract: Patients with varicose veins who also had clinical and/or duplex ultrasound findings suspicious of pelvic venous incompetence (PVI) underwent selective retrograde catheter phlebography of the pelvic veins. One hundred and one patients (all female, mean age 49.3 years) underwent selective phlebography of the pelvic veins. In 68 cases (67.3%) a varicose vein recurrence after previous stripping of the greater saphenous vein was present, and about half the patients (n=45, 44.6%) were multipara ( > or =2 episodes of childbirth). The presence and extent of any reflux was documented and the ovarian and pelvic veins affected by the reflux were recorded. Retrograde selective phlebography demonstrated a PVI in 75 patients (74.2%). The left ovarian vein and the right hypogastric vein were most frequently affected by reflux (n = 41, 54.6% each). The left hypogastric vein was incompetent in 35 patients (46.6%) and the right ovarian vein in 3 cases (4%). In about half the patients with pelvic venous incompetence, reflux was demonstrated in more than one of the main pelvic veins (n=38, 50.6%). Fifty-one (68%) of the 75 patients with pelvic venous incompetence had varicose vein recurrence after previous stripping of the greater saphenous vein. Extension of the reflux into varicose veins of the groin or lower leg was demonstrated in 44 patients (58.6%). Thirty-nine patients (52%) received treatment for their pelvic venous incompetence (coil embolisation, sclerotherapy or videoscopic ovarian vein ligation). Pelvic venous reflux was present in 75% of our study population. Combined reflux in more than one pelvic vein was common and in about 60% of cases the pelvic reflux was shown to feed varicose veins of the legs. Therefore, typical clinical and/or duplex findings should lead to a strong suspicion of pelvic venous incompetence and reduce the need for selective retrograde catheter phlebography in this selected group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geier
authors.forename: Letterio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barbera
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mumme
authors.forename: Odo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Köster
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marpea
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaminsky
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Asciutto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010053:Ovary / Q000098:blood supply*; D010388:Pelvis / Q000098:blood supply*; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods; D011630:Pubic Bone; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex / Q000379:methods; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery