title: HOXB4's road map to stem cell expansion.
abstract: Homeodomain-containing transcription factors are important regulators of stem cell behavior. HOXB4 mediates expansion of adult and embryo-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) when expressed ectopically. To define the underlying molecular mechanisms, we performed gene expression profiling in combination with subsequent functional analysis with enriched adult HSCs and embryonic derivatives expressing inducible HOXB4. Thereby, we identified a set of overlapping genes that likely represent "universal" targets of HOXB4. A substantial number of loci are involved in signaling pathways important for controlling self-renewal, maintenance, and differentiation of stem cells. Functional assays performed on selected pathways confirmed the biological coherence of the array results. HOXB4 activity protected adult HSCs from the detrimental effects mediated by the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha. This protection likely contributes to the competitive repopulation advantage of HOXB4-expressing HSCs observed in vivo. The concept of TNF-alpha inhibition may also prove beneficial for patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HOXB4 activity and FGF signaling are intertwined. HOXB4-mediated expansion of adult and ES cell-derived HSCs was enhanced by specific and complete inhibition of FGF receptors. In contrast, the expanding activity of HOXB4 on hematopoietic progenitors in day 4-6 embryoid bodies was blunted in the presence of basic FGF (FGF2), indicating a dominant negative effect of FGF signaling on the earliest hematopoietic cells. In summary, our results strongly suggest that HOXB4 modulates the response of HSCs to multiple extrinsic signals in a concerted manner, thereby shifting the balance toward stem cell self-renewal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany. schiedlmeier.bernhard@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schiedlmeier
authors.forename: Ana Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moncaut
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lesinski
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Auer
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kornacker
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ostertag
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.forename: Moises
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mallo
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Klump
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C513262:Hoxb4 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors