title: [High-dose CEF (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, fluorouracil) as primary chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer: long-term results].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine wether primary CEF is effective in locally advanced breast cancer, as measured by response, local recurrences, disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1990 to 1998, 62 patients with stage III disease were enrolled into a prospective study at Regina Elena Institute for Cancer Research, Rome. Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) was included. Patients received three 21 days cycles of chemotherapy that consisted in epirubicin 50 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 400 mg/m2, and fluorouracil 500 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1 and 8. G-CSF (300 microg) was given subcutaneously every other day from day 5 to day 17. After primary chemotherapy, whenever possible, mastectomy or conservative surgery was performed. Subsequently responding patients received the same regimen, while non responders were given a non cross resistant chemotherapy. In case of conservative surgery or initial T4 tumor radiation therapy was performed at the end of adjuvant chemotherapy. ER positive patients received tamoxifen 20 mg/d for five years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven IIIA patients had a median OS of 43 months (C.I. 95%, 31-55) and DFS of 42 months (C.I. 95%, 16-68), while 15 IBC patients had a median OS of 52 months (C.I. 95%, 52-79) and DFS of 27 months (C.I. 95%, 14-39). Forty IIIB non inflammatory breast cancer patients had a median DFS of 87 months (C.I. 95%, 1-175); median OS was not reached. Ten-year OS was 28.6% for stage IIIA, 50.6% for stage IIIB and 36% for IBC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary CEF appear to be an effective treatment. In our study we obtained a good local control and interesting long term data of disease free and overall survival.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Oncologia Medica B, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena, Roma, Italia.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carpano
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sergi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Lauro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amodio
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vici
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Abbate
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Ferranti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Viola
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Botti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Foggi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sperduti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D015251:Epirubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D005472:Fluorouracil