title: Hemifacial spasm in a patient with neurofibromatosis and Arnold-Chiari malformation: a unique case association.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association of hemifacial spasm (HFS), Chiari type I malformation (CIM) and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) has not been described yet.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the case of a 31-year-old woman with NF1 who developed a right-sided HFS. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) a CIM was seen without syringomyelia. The patient has been successfully treated with botulinum toxin type A injections for 5 years without major side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical features of HFS, CMI and NF1 are highlighted together with their possible relationship. Also, therapeutic strategies are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Avenida Bosque da Saúde 834/193, 04142-081 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. cf.andre@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Andre Carvalho
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Felício
authors.forename: Clecio de Oliveira
authors.initials: Cde O
authors.lastname: Godeiro-Junior
authors.forename: Vanderci
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Sonia Maria de Azevedo
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Henrique Ballalai
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Ferraz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001139:Arnold-Chiari Malformation / Q000150:complications*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D019569:Hemifacial Spasm / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D017253:Neurofibromatoses / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A