title: Regulation of Notch signaling by dynamic changes in the precision of S3 cleavage of Notch-1.
abstract: Intramembrane proteolysis by presenilin-dependent gamma-secretase produces the Notch intracellular cytoplasmic domain (NCID) and Alzheimer disease-associated amyloid-beta. Here, we show that upon Notch signaling the intracellular domain of Notch-1 is cleaved into two distinct types of NICD species due to diversity in the site of S3 cleavage. Consistent with the N-end rule, the S3-V cleavage produces stable NICD with Val at the N terminus, whereas the S3-S/S3-L cleavage generates unstable NICD with Ser/Leu at the N terminus. Moreover, intracellular Notch signal transmission with unstable NICDs is much weaker than that with stable NICD. Importantly, the extent of endocytosis in target cells affects the relative production ratio of the two types of NICD, which changes in parallel with Notch signaling. Surprisingly, substantial amounts of unstable NICD species are generated from the Val-->Gly and the Lys-->Arg mutants, which have been reported to decrease S3 cleavage efficiency in cultured cells. Thus, we suggest that the existence of two distinct types of NICD points to a novel aspect of the intracellular signaling and that changes in the precision of S3 cleavage play an important role in the process of conversion from extracellular to intracellular Notch signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Post-Genomics and Diseases, Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Proteomics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3, Yamada-oka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tagami
authors.forename: Masayasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okochi
authors.forename: Kanta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanagida
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikuta
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukumori
authors.forename: Naohiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishizuka-Katsura
authors.forename: Taisuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Jingwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Kouhei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishitomi
authors.forename: Kouzin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamino
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morihara
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Toshihisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeda
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D002474:Cell-Free System; D006224:Cricetinae; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004705:Endocytosis; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D051880:Receptors, Notch