title: Complete genome sequence of the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum.
abstract: The genus Sorangium synthesizes approximately half of the secondary metabolites isolated from myxobacteria, including the anti-cancer metabolite epothilone. We report the complete genome sequence of the model Sorangium strain S. cellulosum So ce56, which produces several natural products and has morphological and physiological properties typical of the genus. The circular genome, comprising 13,033,779 base pairs, is the largest bacterial genome sequenced to date. No global synteny with the genome of Myxococcus xanthus is apparent, revealing an unanticipated level of divergence between these myxobacteria. A large percentage of the genome is devoted to regulation, particularly post-translational phosphorylation, which probably supports the strain's complex, social lifestyle. This regulatory network includes the highest number of eukaryotic protein kinase-like kinases discovered in any organism. Seventeen secondary metabolite loci are encoded in the genome, as well as many enzymes with potential utility in industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schneiker
authors.forename: Olena
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Perlova
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gerth
authors.forename: Aysel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alici
authors.forename: Matthias O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Altmeyer
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bartels
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bekel
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: Edna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.forename: Helge B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.forename: Christoph J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bolten
authors.forename: Jomuna V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Choudhuri
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doss
authors.forename: Yasser A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Elnakady
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gaigalat
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goesmann
authors.forename: Carolin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Groeger
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jelsbak
authors.forename: Lotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jelsbak
authors.forename: Jörn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalinowski
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kegler
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Knauber
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Konietzny
authors.forename: Maren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kopp
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krug
authors.forename: Bukhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Linke
authors.forename: Taifo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mahmud
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martinez-Arias
authors.forename: Alice C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: McHardy
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merai
authors.forename: Folker
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mormann
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Dorado
authors.forename: Juana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pradella
authors.forename: Shwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rachid
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raddatz
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rosenau
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rückert
authors.forename: Florenz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sasse
authors.forename: Maren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scharfe
authors.forename: Stephan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: Garret
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Suen
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Treuner-Lange
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Velicer
authors.forename: Frank-Jörg
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Vorhölter
authors.forename: Kira J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Weissman
authors.forename: Roy D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: Silke C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Whitworth
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wittmann
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Blöcker
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pühler
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001709:Biotechnology; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009231:Myxococcales / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA