title: Prenatal 3- and 4-dimensional ultrasonographic findings of giant fetal nuchal hemangioma.
abstract: A precise prenatal diagnosis of hemangioma may be uncertain although a variety of the antenatal appearances on 2-dimensional sonography have been reported. A 27-year-old primigravida was referred at 32 weeks of gestation for evaluation of a fetal nuchal mass. Two-dimensional sonography showed an extracranial mixed echogenic mass (65 x 54 x 59 mm) occupying the posterior neck. Color Doppler imaging revealed intense hypervascularization. Three-dimensional (3D) and 4-dimensional (4D) sonography showed that the mass was lobulated, with a lumpy internal structure. Nuchal hemangioma was further confirmed by clinical examination and postnatal magnetic resonance imaging. The tumor began to regress in size when the infant was 7 months old. Prenatal 3D/4D ultrasound techniques could be considered as complementary diagnostic tools for such a tumor. They have the advantages of providing accurate and inexpensive virtual reality images through more realistic interactions with the virtualized in utero condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, ROC. t1018@vghtc.gov.tw
authors.forename: Jenn-Jhy
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Min-Min
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Wen-Hsein
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009333:Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal