title: Comparison of human growth hormone products' cost in pediatric and adult patients. A budgetary impact model.
abstract: We assessed the economic impact to the United States payer of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) utilization, comparing the relative dosage efficiency of marketed pen-based and vial-based products in a pediatric and in an adult population. A budgetary impact model calculated drug costs based on product waste and cost. Waste was the difference between prescribed dose, based on patient weight, and actual delivered dose, based on dosing increments and maximum deliverable dose for pens and a fixed-percent waste as derived from the literature for vials. Annual wholesale acquisition costs were calculated based upon total milligrams delivered, using a daily dose of 0.03 mg/kg for pediatric patients and 0.016 mg/kg for adults. Total annual drug costs were compared for two scenarios: 1) a product mix based on national market share and 2) restricting use to the product with lowest waste. Based on the literature, waste for each vial product was 23 percent. Among individual pens, waste was highest for Humatrope 24 mg (19.5 percent pediatric, 14.3 percent adult) and lowest for Norditropin Nordi-Flex 5 mg (1.1 percent pediatric, 1 percent adult). Restricting use to the brand with least waste (Norditropin), compared to national product share mix, resulted in a 10.2 percent reduction in annual pediatric patient cost from $19,026 to $17,089 and an 8 percent reduction in annual adult patient cost from $24,099 to $22,161. We concluded that pen delivery systems result in less waste than vial and syringe. Considering all approved delivery systems, Norditropin resulted in the least product waste and lower annual patient cost for both pediatric and adult populations.
authors.affiliation: Managed Solutions, 28154 Belle Meade Drive, Conifer, CO 80433,USA. gbazalo@wispertel.net
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bazalo
authors.forename: Ashish V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Germak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002017:Budgets; D002648:Child; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations / Q000191:economics*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone