title: Effect of two major N-nitroso hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) metabolites on earthworm reproductive success.
abstract: Soil and topical tests were employed to investigate the effect of two N-nitroso metabolites of RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) on earthworm reproduction. The lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for cocoon production and hatching was 50mg/kg for both hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine (TNX) in soil. MNX and TNX also significantly affected cocoon hatching in soil (p<0.001) and in topical tests (p=0.001). The LOECs for cocoon hatching were 1 and 10mg/kg for MNX and TNX in soil, respectively, and 10mg/L in the topical test. Greater than 100mg/kg MNX and TNX completely inhibited cocoon hatching. In soil, the EC20 values for MNX were 8.7 and 8.8mg/kg for cocoon and juvenile production, respectively, compared to 9.2 and 9.1mg/kg for TNX, respectively. The EC20 values for the total number of cocoon hatchlings were 3.1 and 4.7mg/kg for MNX and TNX, respectively, in soil and 4.5 and 3.1mg/L in the topical test. Both MNX and TNX inhibited cocoon production and hatching, suggesting that they may have a negative affect on soil ecosystems at contaminated sites.
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
authors.forename: Baohong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Scott T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: McMurry
authors.forename: W Andrew
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Cobb
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D053834:Explosive Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute / Q000379:methods; D014227:Triazines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D053834:Explosive Agents; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014227:Triazines; C009160:cyclonite