title: Decision-analytical modelling in health-care economic evaluations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Decision-analytical modelling is widely used in health-care economic evaluations, especially in situations where evaluators lack clinical trial data, and in circumstances where such evaluations factor into reimbursement pricing decisions. This paper aims to improve the understanding and use of modelling techniques in this context, with particular emphasis on Markov modelling.
  
  
  METHODS
  We provide an overview, in this paper, of the principles and methodological details of decision-analytical modelling. We propose a common route for practicing modelling that accommodates any type of decision-analytical modelling techniques. We use the treatment of chronic hepatitis B as an example to indicate the process of development, presentation and analysis of the Markov model, and discuss the strengths, weaknesses and pitfalls of different approaches.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Good practice of modelling requires careful planning, conduct and analysis of the model, and needs input from modellers and users.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, HSC 2C7, L8N 3Z5 Hamilton, ON, Canada. sunx26@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Faunce
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D017048:Health Care Costs; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement / Q000191:economics*; D008390:Markov Chains; D018803:Models, Economic; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D035501:Uncertainty