title: Growth hormone replacement therapy in adults with growth hormone deficiency improves maximal oxygen consumption independently of dosing regimen or physical activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have demonstrated an improvement in aerobic exercise capacity with 6 months of GH replacement in adults with GH deficiency (GHD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to determine whether improvements in aerobic exercise capacity with GH treatment in adults with GHD are related to changes in physical activity or affected by the GH dosing regimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized, two-arm, parallel, open-label study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at five academic medical centers with exercise physiology laboratories.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study subjects were adults (n = 29) with GHD due to hypothalamic-pituitary disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intervention was GH replacement therapy, administered either as a fixed body weight-based dosing regimen as an individualized dose titration regimen for 32 wk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and oxygen consumption (VO2) at the lactate threshold, ventilatory threshold using a cycle ergometry protocol, and weekly energy expenditure (physical activity questionnaire), assessed at baseline and end point, were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the group as a whole, VO2 max increased significantly (by 9%) from baseline (19.1+/- 0.89 ml/kg.min) to end point (21.6 +/- 1.23 ml/kg.min, P = 0.010). Compared with baseline, VO2 max also changed significantly within the individualized dose titration regimen group (+2.5 +/- 0.98 ml/kg.min, P =0.034) but not within the fixed body weight-based dosing regimen group (+1.2 +/- 0.78 ml/kg.min, P = 0.15), although these changes from baseline were not significantly different between the two groups. VO2 at lactate threshold, VO2 at ventilatory threshold, and weekly energy expenditure also did not change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GH replacement therapy in GH-deficient adults improved VO2 max similarly with both dosing regimens, without any influence of physical activity. There was no effect on submaximal exercise performance.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA.
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weltman
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zagar
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Qualy
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Merriam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000172:deficiency*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I