title: [Results of the experimental repair of osteochondral lesions in a pig model using tissue engineering].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To repair experimental osteochondral knee lesions in pigs using tissue engineering.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight 40-kg pigs underwent surgery. Cartilage and periosteal biopsies of their control knee were taken. Cartilage and periosteal cells were independently isolated, cultured and seeded in biodegradable PGA and PLA polymers that were fixed on the bottom of an osteochondral defect in the pig's experimental knee, with bioabsorbable Mitek implants. Four months later the pigs were sacrificed and the knees were analyzed with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI), macroscopic assessment, histology, electron microscopy (EM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and SEM element analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the defects were filled with cartilage-like tissue according to the NMRI evaluation and the visual examination. Hyaline-like cartilage was obtained in 3 defects and fibrocartilage in 5. The EM showed chondrocytes in the repair tissue. The SEM showed appropriate integration to the bone and the surrounding tissue. SEM element analysis showed sulphurized matrix attached to the bone with calcium and phosphates as predominant elements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tissue engineering enabled the production of tissues similar to normal ones. The polymer fixation system was effective.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación.
authors.forename: F Enrique
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Villalobos Córdoba
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velasquillo Martínez
authors.forename: Valentín
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martínez López
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lecona Butrón
authors.forename: Baltasar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reyes Marín
authors.forename: Eréndira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Estrada Villaseñor
authors.forename: Castrejón Hilda
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Villegas
authors.forename: Lilia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Solís Arrieta
authors.forename: Rolando
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Espinosa Morales
authors.forename: Clemente Ibarra
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Ponce de León
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000737:chemistry; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation; D005260:Female; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016348:Osseointegration; D010521:Periosteum / Q000166:cytology; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016062:Porosity; D011446:Prospective Studies; D034421:Sus scrofa; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D011108:Polymers; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D002118:Calcium