title: 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid stimulates nuclear factor-kappaB activation and the production of inflammatory cytokines in human endothelial cells.
abstract: Endothelial dysfunction is associated with endothelial cell activation, i.e., up-regulation of surface cell adhesion molecules and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), a major vasoactive eicosanoid in the microcirculation, has been implicated in the regulation of endothelial cell function through its angiogenic and pro-oxidative properties. We examined the effects of 20-HETE on endothelial cell activation in vitro. Cells transduced with adenovirus containing either CYP4A1 or CYP4A2 produced higher levels of 20-HETE, and they demonstrated increased expression levels of the adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) (4-7-fold) and the oxidative stress marker 3-nitrotyrosine (2-3-fold) compared with cells transduced with control adenovirus. Treatment of cells with 20-HETE markedly increased levels of prostaglandin (PG) E(2) and 8-epi-isoprostane PGF(2alpha), commonly used markers of activation and oxidative stress, and most prominently, interleukin-8, a potent neutrophil chemotactic factor whose overproduction by the endothelium is a key feature of vascular injury. 20-HETE at nanomolar concentrations increased inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB phosphorylation by 2 to 5-fold within 5 min, which was followed with increased nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). Likewise, 20-HETE activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway by stimulating phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation inhibited 20-HETE-induced ICAM expression. It seems that 20-HETE triggers NF-kappaB and MAPK/ERK activation and that both signaling pathways participate in the cellular mechanisms by which 20-HETE activates vascular endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Rd., Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
authors.forename: Tsuneo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishizuka
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Harpreet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Marco D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Vitto
authors.forename: Vijay L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Manthati
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Falck
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laniado-Schwartzman
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D042926:Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; C055987:20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid; D015237:Dinoprost; D042926:Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D015232:Dinoprostone