title: Prognostic factors in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin: multivariate analysis of data from four randomized CUETO trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prognostic factors of recurrence and progression after intravesical adjuvant bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  From February 1990 to May 1999, the Spanish Club Urológico Español de Tratamiento Oncológico (CUETO) group has performed four randomized phase 3 studies comparing different intravesical treatments in patients with noninvasive bladder cancer. Data from 1062 evaluable patients treated only with BCG were analyzed. Most patients received BCG once weekly for 6 consecutive weeks and a short-term BCG maintenance (once every 2 wk 6 times more). Associated tumor in situ (TIS) was found in 7.5% (n=80) of cases. There were 22.1% (n=235) patients with T1G3 tumors, 22.9% of whom (n=54) were associated with TIS. Stepwise multivariate Cox regression models with stratification by study and dose were used to assess the independent effect of predictive factors and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from the Cox model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analysis demonstrated that female gender (HR=1.71) compared to male gender, recurrent tumors (HR=1.9) compared to primary tumors, multiplicity, and presence of associated TIS (HR=1.54) increased the risk of recurrence. Recurrent tumors (HR=1.62) compared to primary tumors, high-grade tumors (HR=5.64) compared to G1 tumors, T1 tumors (HR=2.15) compared to Ta tumors, and recurrence at 3-mo cystoscopy (HR=4.6) increased the risk of progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant independent predictors for recurrence were female gender, history of recurrence, multiplicity, and presence of associated TIS. Age, history of recurrence, high grade, T1 stage, and recurrence at first cystoscopy were independent predictors of progression by multivariate Cox analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hospital Central of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. jmfernandezgomez@telefonica.net
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Gomez
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Solsona
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Unda
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martinez-Piñeiro
authors.forename: Marcelino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Madero
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ojea
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pertusa
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Molina
authors.forename: Jose Emilio
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isorna
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rabadan
authors.forename: Ander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astobieta
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montesinos
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muntañola
authors.forename: Anabel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gimeno
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blas
authors.forename: Jose Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinez-Piñeiro
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000368:Aged; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001500:BCG Vaccine