title: The role of three-dimensional (3D) sonography and 3D power Doppler in the preoperative assessment of borderline ovarian tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the value of three-dimensional (3D) sonography and 3D power Doppler in distinguishing borderline ovarian tumors from benign cysts and malignant tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seventy-two women with a mean age of 37 years (range 28-45) and diagnosis of a confirmed pelvic mass were referred for preoperative evaluation with 3D sonography and 3D power Doppler. Sonographic criteria used for the diagnosis of borderline tumors were based on a system that included morphological characteristics, histological evaluation and power Doppler imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten lesions were histopathologically diagnosed as borderline ovarian tumors, 42 as malignant and 120 as benign. Three-dimensional sonography revealed 120 ovarian tumors which scored below 7 (benign), according to Kurjak's scale, 12 tumors which scored between 7-8 and 40 tumors between 9-13 (malignant).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative assessment of borderline tumors by 3D imaging may promote improved patient care and introduce laparoscopic management as an alternative surgical approach.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kalmantis
authors.forename: Th
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Papageorgiou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodolakis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lymberopoulos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daskalakis
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Voulgaris
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antsaklis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008875:Middle Aged; D010048:Ovarian Cysts / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler