title: Safety evaluation of topically applied amitriptyline in porcine full-thickness wounds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline is frequently used in pain clinics for management of pain. It has also been suggested that topical application of amitriptyline could be useful for the treatment of neuropathic pain. In this report we investigated the effect of amitriptyline on porcine full thickness wounds resembling excised burn wounds. We assessed if daily topical application of amitriptyline into the wound chambers for 10 days impedes wound healing as measured by (1) wound contraction and (2) histopathological findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Full-thickness wounds measuring 1.5 cm square were created on the dorsum of Yorkshire pigs and were enclosed in polyurethane wound chambers. Amitriptyline was applied daily at various concentrations. Bupivacaine (0.5%) or normal saline were used as controls. Daily wound serum levels were obtained and the level of amitriptyline and nortriptyline obtained. Pictures were taken daily and the wound surface analyzed for contraction. Cross-sectional, full-thickness skin biopsies were obtained at days 2, 8 and 10 and evaluated microscopically for re-epithelialization, inflammation, and necrosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The high serum level of amitriptyline and nortriptyline did not affect wound healing; re-epithelialization, wound contraction, and inflammation were not significantly different between amitriptyline and control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amitriptyline at the concentrations of 0.0625% and 0.125% applied daily via chambers covering wounds in a full-thickness pig excision model has no overt toxic effect on wound healing as measured by wound contraction and histological assessment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. bpomahac@partners.org
authors.forename: Bohdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pomahac
authors.forename: Bara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zuhaili
authors.forename: Yusef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kudsi
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bleiziffer
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Velander
authors.forename: Elof
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gerner
mesh_terms: D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D009336:Necrosis; D009661:Nortriptyline / Q000378:metabolism; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D000639:Amitriptyline; D009661:Nortriptyline; D002045:Bupivacaine