title: Pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma in six children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary involvement in Kaposi sarcoma is rare in children and can be difficult to distinguish from other pathology.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the radiological findings in paediatric pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sequential chest radiographs of six children and CT scans of four of these children were evaluated retrospectively. Their ages ranged from 18 months to 10 years; four were male and two were female. All six children were HIV-positive. The observers were two radiologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chest radiographs revealed air-space (100%) and reticular (83%) opacification in the mid- and lower lung zones; pleural effusions were present in 83% of the children. All the children showed progressive air-space opacification on follow-up radiography. CT demonstrated bilateral air-space opacification in a perihilar distribution in all the children; reticular opacification was seen in 75%. All the children had mediastinal and axillary lymphadenopathy; 75% had bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In both adults and children, chest radiography demonstrates perihilar and lower zone involvement. Pleural effusions are more common on radiographs in children. Air-space disease and lymphadenopathy are much more common on CT in children than adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa. salomine@adept.co.za
authors.forename: Salomine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Theron
authors.forename: Savvas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andronikou
authors.forename: Jaco
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du Plessis
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goussard
authors.forename: Reena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Ayanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mapukata
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grobbelaar
authors.forename: Murray
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Nicky
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wieselthaler
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Davidson
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed