title: Comparison of PCE and TCE disappearance in heated volatile organic analysis vials and flame-sealed ampules.
abstract: The rates of hydrolysis reported for tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) at elevated temperatures range over two orders-of-magnitude, where some of the variability may be due to the presence of a gas phase. Recent studies suggest that volatile organic analysis (VOA) vials provide a low-cost and readily available zero headspace system for measuring aqueous-phase hydrolysis rates. This work involved measuring rates of PCE and TCE disappearance and the corresponding appearance of dechlorination products in water-filled VOA vials and flame-sealed ampules incubated at 21 and 55 degrees C for up to 95.5 days. While PCE and TCE concentrations readily decreased in the VOA vials to yield first-order half lives of 11.2 days for PCE and 21.1 days for TCE at 55 degrees C, concentrations of anticipated dechlorination products, including chloride, remained constant or were not detected. The rate of PCE disappearance was 34 times faster in VOA vials at 55 degrees C compared to values obtained with flame-sealed ampules containing PCE-contaminated water. In addition, the concentration of TCE increased slightly in flame-sealed ampules incubated at 55 degrees C, while a decrease in TCE levels was observed in the VOA vials. The observed losses of PCE and TCE in the VOA vials were attributed to diffusion and sorption in the septa, rather than to dechlorination. These findings demonstrate that VOA vials are not suitable for measuring rates of volatile organic compound hydrolysis at elevated temperatures.
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States. jed.costanza@gatech.edu
authors.forename: Jed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Costanza
authors.forename: Kurt D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Pennell
mesh_terms: D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D013750:Tetrachloroethylene / Q000737:chemistry*; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000737:chemistry*; D014835:Volatilization; D014861:Washington; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014241:Trichloroethylene; D013750:Tetrachloroethylene