title: Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein m is a splicing regulatory protein that can enhance or silence splicing of alternatively spliced exons.
abstract: Splicing of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) alternative exons IIIb and IIIc is regulated by the auxiliary RNA cis-element ISE/ISS-3 that promotes splicing of exon IIIb and silencing of exon IIIc. Using RNA affinity chromatography, we have identified heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M (hnRNP M) as a splicing regulatory factor that binds to ISE/ISS-3 in a sequence-specific manner. Overexpression of hnRNP M promoted exon IIIc skipping in a cell line that normally includes it, and association of hnRNP M with ISE/ISS-3 was shown to contribute to this splicing regulatory function. Thus hnRNP M, along with other members of the hnRNP family of RNA-binding proteins, plays a combinatorial role in regulation of FGFR2 alternative splicing. We also determined that hnRNP M can affect the splicing of several other alternatively spliced exons. This activity of hnRNP M included the ability not only to induce exon skipping but also to promote exon inclusion. This is the first report demonstrating a role for this abundant hnRNP family member in alternative splicing in mammals and suggests that this protein may broadly contribute to the fidelity of splice site recognition and alternative splicing regulation.
authors.affiliation: Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4539, USA.
authors.forename: Ruben H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Hovhannisyan
authors.forename: Russ P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Carstens
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D005091:Exons / Q000502:physiology*; D020868:Gene Silencing / Q000502:physiology*; D034761:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group M / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D034761:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group M; C496354:Fgfr2 protein, mouse; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2