title: The effect of parathion-methyl and antidotes on parotid and pancreatic glands: a pilot experimental study.
abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate the functions of parotid and pancreatic glands in response to intoxication with parathion-methyl (PM) and the effects of treatment in rats. Seventy-five male Wistar rats were divided equally into five groups: Group I, control; group II, received atropine and pralidoxime (2-PAM) for 24 h, but no PM; group III, oral PM but no atropine and 2-PAM; group IV, PM and atropine for 24 h and 2-PAM; group V, PM and atropine for 96 h and 2-PAM. After the administration of the chemicals, blood samples were drawn to test for amylase, lipase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), while pancreatic and parotid glands of each rat were removed for light microscopic examination. Amylase levels were found significantly elevated in groups II, III, IV, and V, whereas lipase levels were supranormal in groups III, IV, and V. The blood levels of AChE were decreased in groups III and IV and BChE were decreased in II, III, IV, and V. No evidence of pancreatitis and parotitis was identified in the histopathologic evaluation in any group in 96 h; however, hyperchromasia, irregularity in nuclei, and binuclear cells were observed in all parotid glands in group V. Parotitis and pancreatitis were not evident; however, hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia were found, whereas various histologic changes in parotid glands were documented in the groups that were administered organophosphate and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Baskent University, Adana, Turkey. bgulalp@baskent-adn.edu.tr
authors.forename: Betul
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gulalp
authors.forename: Yuksel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gokel
authors.forename: Derya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gumurdulu
authors.forename: Gulsah
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seydaoglu
authors.forename: Kenan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Daglioglu
authors.forename: Nurten
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dikmen
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Karcioglu
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood; D000208:Acute Disease; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000681:Amylases / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000931:Antidotes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001285:Atropine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008049:Lipase / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008743:Methyl Parathion / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D014116:Toxicology / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D010755:Organophosphates; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds; D008743:Methyl Parathion; D001285:Atropine; D008049:Lipase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase; D000681:Amylases; C028797:pralidoxime