title: A novel blind watermarking of ECG signals on medical images using EZW algorithm.
abstract: In this paper, we present a novel blind watermarking method with secret key by embedding ECG signals in medical images. The embedding is done when the original image is compressed using the embedded zero-tree wavelet (EZW) algorithm. The extraction process is performed at the decompression time of the watermarked image. Our algorithm has been tested on several CT and MRI images and the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) between the original and watermarked image is greater than 35 dB for watermarking of 512 to 8192 bytes of the mark signal. The proposed method is able to utilize about 15% of the host image to embed the mark signal. This marking percentage has improved previous works while preserving the image details.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biomed. Syst., Tehran Univ. of Med. Sci., Tehran, Iran. nambakhsh@razi.tums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Mohammad S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nambakhsh
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmadian
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghavami
authors.forename: Reza S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Dilmaghani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karimi-Fard
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001698:Biomedical Engineering; D016494:Computer Security / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044962:Data Compression; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012637:Security Measures / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data