title: DNA replication licensing factors and aurora kinases are linked to aneuploidy and clinical outcome in epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  DNA replication licensing factors and Aurora kinases play critical roles in maintaining genomic integrity. We used multiparameter analyses of these cell cycle regulatory proteins to investigate their role in the progression of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cohort of 143 patients, we linked the protein expression profiles of the proliferation marker Ki67, the replication licensing factors Mcm2 and geminin, and the Aurora A and B kinases to tumor DNA ploidy status and clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ki67, Mcm2, geminin, and Aurora A and B are significantly associated with tumor grade and ploidy status (P < 0.0001). Aurora A and its substrate H3S10ph are also significantly associated with Federation of International Obstetricians and Gynecologists tumor stage (P = 0.006 and P = 0.002, respectively). Aurora A and tumor ploidy status are predictive of disease-free survival in this cohort [hazard ratio (HR), 1.29; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), 1.06-1.58, P = 0.01 and HR, 1.80 (1.05-3.08), P = 0.03, respectively], with Aurora A of particular prognostic importance in early stage disease [HR, 1.72 (1.19-2.48), P = 0.004 for disease-free survival and HR, 1.81 (1.14-2.87), P = 0.01 for overall survival].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that Ki67, Mcm2, geminin and Aurora A and B can be used as an adjunct to conventional prognostic indicators and as an aid to develop a tumor progression model for EOC. Dysregulation of Aurora A seems to be an early event in EOC with a key role in tumor progression. In view of present drug development programs for specific Aurora kinase inhibitors, our findings have important implications for the use of Aurora A as a biomarker and as a potential therapeutic target.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Anjana A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loddo
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leo
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.forename: Kathryn L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Eward
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Fanshawe
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Butcher
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ledermann
authors.forename: Gareth H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stoeber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000782:Aneuploidy; D064127:Aurora Kinases; D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D004261:DNA Replication; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D064248:Geminin; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008875:Middle Aged; D064111:Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000235:genetics*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C577995:GMNN protein, human; D064248:Geminin; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D004247:DNA; D064127:Aurora Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C084859:MCM2 protein, human; D064111:Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2