title: [Overview of respiratory infection caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria].
abstract: Recently, the clinical importance of nontuberculous mycobacteria (especially, Mycobacterium avium complex [MAC] respiratory infection) has been increasing. In addition, an official ATS/IDSA statement about diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases has been published in February, 2007. In this review article, essence of this official statement will be introduced. In MAC respiratory infection, (i) primarily fibrocavitary disease, (ii) nodular/bronchiectatic disease, and (iii) hypersensitivity-like disease are identified, and (i) and (ii) are clinically important. Primarily fibrocavitary disease is characterized by cavitary lesions in upper lung fields in elderly subjects, smoking patients, or patients with pneumoconiosis. Nodular/bronchiectatic disease is characterized by centrilobular nodules and diffuse bronchiectases in the right middle lobe and the left lingula in middle-aged women. In addition, disseminated MAC disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome should be considered. Further studies concerning transmission route as well as mechanism of MAC disease should be performed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan. fujita@med.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hibiya
authors.forename: Shusaku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haranaga
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Higa
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tateyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D015269:Mycobacterium avium Complex; D015270:Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000635:transmission; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017963:Azithromycin; D017291:Clarithromycin