title: WFDC1/ps20 is a novel innate immunomodulatory signature protein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-permissive CD4+ CD45RO+ memory T cells that promotes infection by upregulating CD54 integrin expression and is elevated in HIV type 1 infection.
abstract: Understanding why human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preferentially infects some CD4(+) CD45RO(+) memory T cells has implications for antiviral immunity and pathogenesis. We report that differential expression of a novel secreted factor, ps20, previously implicated in tissue remodeling, may underlie why some CD4 T cells are preferentially targeted. We show that (i) there is a significant positive correlation between endogenous ps20 mRNA in diverse CD4 T-cell populations and in vitro infection, (ii) a ps20(+) permissive cell can be made less permissive by antibody blockade- or small-interference RNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous ps20, and (iii) conversely, a ps20(low) cell can be more permissive by adding ps20 exogenously or engineering stable ps20 expression by retroviral transduction. ps20 expression is normally detectable in CD4 T cells after in vitro activation and interleukin-2 expansion, and such oligoclonal populations comprise ps20(positive) and ps20(low/negative) isogenic clones at an early differentiation stage (CD45RO(+)/CD25(+)/CD28(+)/CD57(-)). This pattern is altered in chronic HIV infection, where ex vivo CD4(+) CD45RO(+) T cells express elevated ps20. ps20 promoted HIV entry via fusion and augmented CD54 integrin expression; both of these effects were reversed by anti-ps20 antibody. We therefore propose ps20 to be a novel signature of HIV-permissive CD4 T cells that promotes infection in an autocrine and paracrine manner and that HIV has coopted a fundamental role of ps20 in promoting cell adhesion for its benefit. Disrupting the ps20 pathway may therefore provide a novel anti-HIV strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, 2nd Floor New Guy's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9NU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reading
authors.forename: D F L
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Easterbrook
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farzaneh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ressler
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rowley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vyakarnam
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000821:virology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020868:Gene Silencing; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011506:Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000737:chemistry / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; C484310:WFDC1 protein, human; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1