title: Migration and differences in dietary habits-a cross sectional study of Finnish twins in Sweden.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare dietary habits between Finnish twin migrants to Sweden and their co-twins always living in Finland, and to analyse how migration influenced food consumption patterns in the migrants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Same-sexed twin pairs born in Finland below 75 years of age, with at least one twin migrating to Sweden (n=1083 pairs). Dietary habits were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire included in a comprehensive mailed questionnaire (response rate 71%). For 76 male twin pairs, information was also collected by a dietary history interview inquiring the habitual diet during the previous year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Migrant twins in Sweden had a lower intake of typical Finnish foods like dark bread and berries, and an increased consumption of fresh fruit compared with co-twins living in Finland. The migrants consumed less potatoes and more rice and pasta. Sweet pastries were consumed less often by the migrants and they also tended to more often cut out visible fat of meat and on the other hand add salt to dishes. Among men the migrants had a lower alcohol intake than their co-twins living in Finland.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Migration from Finland to Sweden is associated with differences in the food pattern that reflect population differences in eating habits between the two countries. The differences include a reduced consumption of typical Finnish foods like dark bread and berries and are of bidirectional nature from the point of view of cardiovascular health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. niklas.hammar@ki.se
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hammar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hakala
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jörgensen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hedlund
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rönnemaa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koskenvuo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaprio
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004041:Dietary Fats; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary