title: Assessment of indocyanine green-labeled cetuximab to detect xenografted head and neck cancer cell lines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG) conjugated to antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibody (cetuximab) to image head and neck cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice (n = 3) were injected with unconjugated ICG and imaged at 100-second intervals for a total of 1000 seconds to assess imaging characteristics. Mice (n = 10) xenografted with SCC-1 cells were then systemically injected with cetuximab conjugated to indocyanine green and imaged over a 72-hour period. To assess the sensitivity and specificity, xenografted tumors underwent subtotal resections and then were assessed for residual disease by fluorescence stereomicroscopy and confirmed by histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumors demonstrated excellent fluorescence 24 hours after injection of cetuximab-ICG. There was a direct relationship between fluorescence and the given dose of cetuximab-ICG. Following subtotal resection, we found fluorescence correlated with a sensitivity of 78.4% and specificity of 96%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence that supports further preclinical investigation of cetuximab in the evaluation of surgical margins, but linkage to ICG lacks the sensitivity for use in a clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0012, USA.
authors.forename: Kirk P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Withrow
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gleysteen
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Safavy
authors.forename: Joni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skipper
authors.forename: Renee A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Desmond
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zinn
authors.forename: Eben L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000378:metabolism; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D000068818:Cetuximab; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D000068818:Cetuximab