title: Effects of celecoxib on blood loss, pain, and recovery of function after total knee replacement: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain management after surgery has been used as a sales argument for the use of COX-2 inhibitors, but their potential positive and negative effects have not been fully investigated. We thus conducted a controlled evaluation of the effect of celecoxib on perioperative blood loss, pain relief and consumption of analgesics, range of motion, and subjective outcome in conjunction with total knee replacement (TKR).
  
  
  METHODS
  50 patients were randomized to either placebo or celecoxib (200 mg) preoperatively and then twice daily. Total blood loss was calculated by the Hb balance method, taking the patient's pre- and postoperative hemoglobin and blood volume into account. Pain scores (VAS), range of motion, and subjective outcome (KOOS) were monitored postoperatively and during the first year after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in total, hidden, or drainage blood loss were found between the groups. There were 30% lower pain scores during the first 4 weeks after surgery and lower morphine consumption after surgery in the celecoxib group, while no effect was seen on pain, range of motion, and subjective outcome at the 1 year follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Celecoxib does not increase perioperative blood loss but reduces pain during the postoperative period after TKR. It is not necessary to discontinue celecoxib before surgery. The postoperative use of celecoxib did not increase range of motion or subjective outcome 1 year after TKR.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Linköping, Sweden. andreas.meunier@lio.se
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meunier
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lisander
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Good
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000068579:Celecoxib; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000601:surgery; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000068579:Celecoxib