title: Changes in biochemical markers and prediction of effectiveness of intra-articular hyaluronan in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intra-articular injection of hyaluronan (HA) is frequently used to treat knee osteoarthritis (OA). We studied whether HA injections induced significant changes in levels of biochemical markers in synovial fluid (SF). In addition, we investigated the possibility of predicting the effectiveness of HA based on these biochemical markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients with knee OA underwent five weekly intra-articular injections of HA. Knee pain was measured on visual analog scale (VAS) before and after the five injections. Levels of biochemical markers, including chondroitin 6-sulfate (C6S), chondroitin 4-sulfate (C4S), keratan sulfate (KS), and tenascin-C (TN-C), were determined before and after the five injections. Correlations between the biochemical markers before HA injection and the improvement of VAS after the five injections were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After HA injections, levels of C6S, C4S, and KS decreased significantly. Inverse correlations were observed between the levels of TN-C and C4S before HA injection and improvement of VAS after the five injections. In contrast, no significant correlation was seen between levels of C6S and KS before injections and improvement of VAS after the five injections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reduction in C6S, C4S, and KS levels after HA injections reflects that HA could help maintain normal cartilage metabolism. Our findings suggest that HA injections are effective in patients whose knees contain low levels of TN-C and C4S, reflecting an early stage of OA and limited synovitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan. masahase@clin.medic.mie-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakoshi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsujii
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sudo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uchida
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D008297:Male; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D019063:Tenascin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D019063:Tenascin; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid