title: Comparison of the composition of oral mucosal residual saliva with whole saliva.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Compared with whole saliva, residual saliva comprising the oral mucosal film shows a high protein concentration. The purpose of this study was to compare the composition of residual saliva with unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva in normosalivators.
  
  
  METHODS
  The composition of oral mucosal residual saliva in 30 healthy individuals was investigated and compared with that of whole saliva. The concentrations of total protein, secretory immunoglobin A (sIgA), lactoferrin, total carbohydrate, and sialic acid were examined. The activities of peroxidase, lysozyme and alpha-amylase were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Residual saliva had higher levels of total protein and carbohydrate than whole saliva, with a higher carbohydrate to protein ratio in the residual saliva suggesting that salivary glycoproteins are concentrated on the oral mucosal surface. sIgA, lactoferrin and sialic acid were present as highly concentrated forms in residual saliva. The enzymatic activity of peroxidase in residual saliva was higher than that of whole saliva.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These concentrated carbohydrate and antimicrobials on the oral mucosal surface work for mucosal defence and could be used for targeting sites for the delivery of therapeutic agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J-W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Y-K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S-C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: H-S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid