title: Thrombin-induced cell proliferation and platelet-derived growth factor-AB release from A172 human glioblastoma cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a previous study, we found that thrombin induced proliferation of TM-1 and T98G human glioma cells and that the mitogenic effect was abolished by hirudin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated thrombin's effects on the proliferation of A172 human glioblastoma cells and the induction of growth factors. Furthermore, we examined whether or not the expression of heparin cofactor II (HCII) in A172 cells using adenovirus vector could suppress thrombin's effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of thrombin on cell proliferation was assessed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. The amount of growth factors in the conditioned medium was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The level of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B mRNA was assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thrombin-induced proliferation of A172 cells primarily depended on the enhanced secretion of PDGF-AB by thrombin. The action of thrombin depended on its proteolytic activity. However, thrombin-induced PDGF-AB secretion was not abolished by anti-protease-activated receptor (PAR) antibody. The PAR-1 agonist peptide had no effect on cell growth and PDGF-AB levels. Thrombin did not increase PDGF-B gene expression. Expression of HCII effectively suppressed thrombin-induced PDGF-AB release.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that thrombin may play an important role in the proliferation of A172 cells by inducing PDGF-AB secretion and that thrombin's action is mediated by its proteolytic activity. Inhibition of thrombin's proteolytic activity may be a new therapeutic method for gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurimoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurosaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Endo
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000737:chemistry; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015844:Heparin Cofactor II / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C095477:platelet-derived growth factor AB; D015844:Heparin Cofactor II; D013917:Thrombin