title: Influences of lead (II) chloride on the nitrogen metabolism of spinach.
abstract: Lead (Pb(2+)) is a well-known highly toxic element. The mechanisms of the Pb(2+) toxicity are not well understood for nitrogen metabolism of higher plants. In this paper, we studied the effects of various concentrations of PbCl(2) on the nitrogen metabolism of growing spinach. The experimental results showed that Pb(2+) treatments significantly decreased the nitrate nitrogen (NO(-)(3)-N) absorption and inhibited the activities of nitrate reductase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthase, and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase of spinach, and inhibited the synthesis of organic nitrogen compounds such as protein and chlorophyll. However, Pb(2+) treatments increased the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen NH(+)(4)-N)in spinach cell. It implied that Pb(2+) could inhibit inorganic nitrogen to be translated into organic nitrogen in spinach, thus led to the reduction in spinach growth.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Suzhou University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Chunxiang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Qu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chunxiang
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Huang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiaoqing
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Mingyu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mingyu
authors.forename: Fashui
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fashui
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D007854:Lead / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050901:Nitrate Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D007854:Lead; C029891:lead chloride; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase; D050901:Nitrate Reductase; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; D009584:Nitrogen