title: CXCL10/IP-10: a missing link between inflammation and anti-angiogenesis in preeclampsia?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interferon (IFN)-gamma inducible protein, CXCL10/IP-10, is a member of the CXC chemokine family with pro-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties. This chemokine has been proposed to be a key link between inflammation and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine whether preeclampsia and delivery of a small for gestational age (SGA) neonate are associated with changes in maternal serum concentration of CXCL10/IP-10.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study included patients in the following groups: (1) non-pregnant women (N = 49); (2) women with normal pregnancies (N = 89); (3) patients with preeclampsia (N = 100); and (4) patients who delivered an SGA neonate (N = 78). SGA was defined as birth weight below the 10th percentile. Maternal serum concentrations of CXCL10/IP-10 were measured by sensitive immunoassay. Non-parametric statistics were used for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Patients with normal pregnancies had a significantly higher median serum concentration of CXCL10/IP-10 than non-pregnant women (median 116.1 pg/mL, range 40.7-1314.3 vs. median 90.3 pg/mL, range 49.2-214.7, respectively; p = 0.002); (2) no significant correlation was found between maternal serum concentration of CXCL10/IP-10 and gestational age (between 19 and 38 weeks); (3) there were no differences in median serum CXCL10/IP-10 concentrations between patients who delivered an SGA neonate and those with normal pregnancies (median 122.4 pg/mL, range 37.3-693.5 vs. median 116.1 pg/mL, range 40.7-1314.3, respectively; p > 0.05); (4) patients with preeclampsia had a higher median serum concentration of CXCL10/IP-10 than normal pregnant women (median 156.4 pg/mL, range 47.4-645.9 vs. median 116.1 pg/mL, range 40.7-1314.3, respectively; p < 0.05); (5) patients with preeclampsia had a higher median concentration of CXCL10/IP-10 than those who delivered an SGA neonate (median 156.4 pg/mL, range 47.4-645.9 vs. median 122.4 pg/mL, range 37.3-693.5, respectively; p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with preeclampsia have significantly higher serum concentrations of CXCL10/IP-10 than both normal pregnant women and mothers who have SGA neonates. These results are likely to reflect an anti-angiogenic state as well as an enhanced systemic inflammatory response in patients with preeclampsia. Alternatively, since preeclampsia and SGA share several mechanisms of disease, it is possible that a higher concentration of this chemokine may contribute to the clinical presentation of preeclampsia in patients with a similar intrauterine insult.
authors.affiliation: Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gotsch
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Friel
authors.forename: Juan Pedro
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kusanovic
authors.forename: Jimmy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.forename: Offer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Erez
authors.forename: Nandor Gabor
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Than
authors.forename: Pooja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edwin
authors.forename: Bo Hyun
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Chong Jai
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Shali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mazaki-Tovi
authors.forename: Tinnakorn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chaiworapongsa
authors.forename: Sonia S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hassan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10