title: Molecular breast cancer subtypes in premenopausal and postmenopausal African-American women: age-specific prevalence and survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast cancer is currently regarded as a heterogeneous disease classified into various molecular subtypes using gene expression analysis. These molecular subtypes include: basal cell-like, Her-2/neu, luminal A, and luminal B.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the prevalence and clinicopathologic associations for molecular breast cancer subtypes in premenopausal and postmenopausal African-American women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of all African-American women diagnosed with breast cancer from 1998 to 2005, who had assessable data for ER, PR, and Her-2/neu status. Molecular subtype classification was done based on immunohistochemical surrogates for ER, PR, and Her-2/neu status obtained from Howard University tumor registry for each patient. The molecular subtypes were defined as: luminal A (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2-), luminal B (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2+), basal-like (ER-, PR-, HER2-), and Her-2/neu (ER-, PR-, and HER2+).
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the prevalence of molecular breast cancer subtypes in a population of African-American women and determined their associations with patient demographics and clinicopathologic variables: node status, tumor size, histological grade, p53 mutation status, and breast cancer-specific survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The luminal A subtype was the most prevalent in our study sample (55.4%) compared with (11.8%) luminal B, (21.2%) basal cell-like, and (11.6%) Her-2/neu subtypes. The molecular subtypes did not differ by menopausal status. However, when stratified into age-specific groups, the basal cell-like subtype (57.1%) was the most prevalent in the age group <35 y compared with luminal A, luminal B, and Her-2/neu subtypes at 25.0%, 14.3%, and 3.6%, respectively. The basal cell-like subtype also showed an age-specific bimodal distribution with a peak in the <35 y and 51 to 65 y age groups. The basal cell-like and the Her-2/neu subtypes showed an increased association with clinicopathologic variables portending a more aggressive clinical course when compared with luminal A subtype. A paradoxical inverse relationship between the expression of p53 and Bcl-2 protooncoprotein was noted in the molecular subtypes. Breast cancer-specific survival differed significantly among the molecular subtypes (P < 0.04), with the basal cell-like and Her-2/neu subtypes having the poorest outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence of the basal cell-like subtype in the young premenopausal African-American women aged <35 y could be a contributory factor to the poorer prognosis of breast cancer observed in this cohort of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Howard University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20060, USA. emeka_ihemelandu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Chukwuemeka U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Ihemelandu
authors.forename: LaSalle D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Leffall
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Dewitty
authors.forename: Tammey J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Naab
authors.forename: Haile M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Mezghebe
authors.forename: Kepher H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Makambi
authors.forename: Lucile
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Adams-Campbell
authors.forename: Wayne A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Frederick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D017697:Premenopause; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone