title: Current state and future directions of neurochemical biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: In this comprehensive review, we summarize the current state-of-the-art of neurochemical biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Predominantly, these biomarkers comprise cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers directly related to the pathophysiology of this disorder (such as amyloid beta protein, tau protein). We particularly pay attention to the innovations in this area that have been made in technological aspects during the past 5 years (e.g., multiplex analysis of biomarkers, proteomics), to the discovery of novel, potential biomarkers (e.g., amyloid beta oligomers, isoprostanes), and to the extension of this research towards identification of biomarkers in plasma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Daniëlle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Berry P H
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.forename: Marcel G M
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Olde Rikkert
authors.forename: Marcel M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Verbeek
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D016875:tau Proteins