title: Vitamin D3, vitamin K2, and warfarin regulate bone metabolism in human paranasal sinus bones.
abstract: Several recent studies have indicated that the paranasal sinus bones undergo pathophysiological changes in patients with chronic sinusitis. We examined the mineralization activity of osteoblasts and the production of osteocalcin and cytokines in cultured human osteoblasts derived from ethmoidal bones treated with vitamin D3, vitamin K2, and warfarin to investigate the metabolic effects of these treatments on paranasal sinus bones. In the bones treated with vitamin D3 plus vitamin K2, osteocalcin production and the ratio of the mineralization of osteoblasts were increased. Warfarin inhibited the promotive effects of vitamin K2 in the presence of vitamin D3. With regard to TGF-beta production, there was quite a difference in response depending on the isoforms. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that these vitamins and warfarin may be useful in improving bone metabolism in paranasal sinus bones, and may additionally improve the pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Programs for Applied Biomedicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. sugimoto1600@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishino
authors.forename: Sachio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeno
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yajin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000378:metabolism*; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014859:Warfarin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D016207:Cytokines; D024482:Vitamin K 2; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D014859:Warfarin