title: Conformation-dependent accessibility of Cys-136 and Cys-155 of the mitochondrial rat carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier to membrane-impermeable SH reagents.
abstract: During substrate translocation mitochondrial carriers cycle between the cytoplasmic-state (c-state) with substrate-binding site open to the intermembrane space and matrix-state (m-state) with the binding site open to the mitochondrial matrix. Here, the accessibility of Cys-58, Cys-136 and Cys-155 of the rat mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier (CAC) to membrane-impermeable SH reagents was examined as a function of the conformational state. Reconstituted mutant CACs containing the combinations Cys-58/Cys-136, Cys-58/Cys-155, and Cys-136/Cys-155 transport carnitine with a ping-pong mechanism like the wild-type, since increasing substrate concentrations on one side of the membrane decreased the apparent affinity for the substrate on the other side. In view of this mechanism, the effect of SH reagents on the transport activity of mutant CACs was tested by varying the substrate concentration inside or outside the proteoliposomes, keeping the substrate concentration on the opposite side constant. The reagents MTSES, MTSEA and fluorescein-5-maleimide did not affect the carnitine/carnitine exchange activity of the mutant carrier with only Cys-58 in contrast to mutant carriers with Cys-58/Cys-136, Cys-58/Cys-155 or Cys-136/Cys-155. In the latter, the inhibitory effect of the reagents was more pronounced when the intraliposomal carnitine concentration was increased, favouring the m-state of the carrier, whereas the effect was less when the concentration of carnitine was increased in the external compartment of the proteoliposomes, favouring the c-state. Moreover, the mutant carrier proteins with Cys-136/Cys-155, Cys-58/Cys-136 or Cys-58/Cys-155 were more fluorescent when extracted from fluorescein-5-maleimide-treated proteoliposomes containing 15 mM internal carnitine as compared to 2.5 mM. These results are discussed in terms of conformational changes of the carrier occurring during substrate translocation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaco-Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, 70125, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Giangregorio
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tonazzi
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Indiveri
authors.forename: Ferdinando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Palmieri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002331:Carnitine / Q000378:metabolism; D002333:Carnitine Acyltransferases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005020:Ethyl Methanesulfonate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000494:pharmacology; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008698:Mesylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D009154:Mutation; D010539:Permeability; D011487:Protein Conformation; D051381:Rats; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013439:Sulfhydryl Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005452:Fluoresceins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008698:Mesylates; D050505:Mutant Proteins; D013439:Sulfhydryl Reagents; C093171:methanethiosulfonate ethylammonium; C109153:(2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate; C037041:fluorescein 5-maleimide; D005020:Ethyl Methanesulfonate; D002333:Carnitine Acyltransferases; D003545:Cysteine; D002331:Carnitine