title: Risk for cardiovascular outcomes among subjects with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and greater-than-normal estimated glomerular filtration rate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Estimating equations for calculating glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) occasionally identify patients with elevated eGFR, yet the prognostic significance remains to be determined. This study sought to define the association of an elevated eGFR on the risk for death and cardiovascular outcomes among subjects with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 8941 subjects who had a history of atherosclerotic vascular disease and were enrolled in the Blockade of the Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor to Avoid Vascular Occlusion trial were analyzed. Time to the composite end point of death, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, or stroke was modeled using Cox proportion hazards regression. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and Cockcroft-Gault formulas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with subjects with eGFR of 100 to 125 ml/min per 1.73 m2, subjects with eGFR > or = 125 (n = 462) were younger, female, and nonwhite. In addition, subjects with an elevated eGFR were more likely to have diabetes and congestive heart failure. In adjusted analyses, every 10-ml/min per 1.73 m2 decrease in eGFR < 100 was associated with a 13% increased hazard for the composite end point. In addition, every 10-ml/min per 1.73 m2 increase in eGFR > or = 100 was associated with a 9% increased hazard for the composite end point.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In individuals with a history of vascular disease, the relationship between eGFR and cardiovascular outcomes may be parabolic, with increased risk among patients with both reduced and elevated eGFR.
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3646, Durham, NC 27710, USA. inrig001@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Jula K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Inrig
authors.forename: Barbara S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.forename: Uptal D
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Libbie P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Briley
authors.forename: Lilin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: She
authors.forename: J Donald
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Easton
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Topol
authors.forename: Lynda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Szczech
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012306:Risk; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology