title: Cystatin C, associated with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, is a strong predictor of the risk of cardiovascular events and death in Chinese.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cystatin C, a serum measure of renal function, has been reported as a strong predictor of risk of death and cardiovascular events in elderly people. We investigated the association between cystatin C and first-ever stroke and evaluated the predictive value of cystatin C in cardiovascular events and death from all causes based on the outcomes of a 5-year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 293 stroke patients (199 cases of cerebral infarction, 94 cases of cerebral hemorrhage) and 894 controls. For each measure, the study population was divided into quintiles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total plasma cystatin C levels were significantly higher in patients than controls. Higher cystatin C levels were directly associated with a higher risk of stroke. As compared with the first (lowest) quintile, the hazard ratios (and 95% CIs) for stroke were as follows: second quintile, 1.97 (1.07 to 3.64); third quintile, 2.71 (1.50 to 4.90); fourth quintile, 3.79 (2.12 to 6.75); fifth quintile, 6.38 (3.60 to 11.32). Follow-up of the patients and controls also showed that high cystatin C levels were associated with high prevalence of cardiovascular events or death from all causes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated cystatin C levels were independently associated with both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, and cystatin C was a strong predictor for the risk of cardiovascular events and death.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Jiagao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Ling Bo
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Jiang Tao
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Qiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Rutai
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cianflone
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dao Wen
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D002681:China; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012306:Risk; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: C525030:CST3 protein, human; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins