title: Dysfunctional telomeres activate an ATM-ATR-dependent DNA damage response to suppress tumorigenesis.
abstract: The POT1 (protection of telomeres) protein binds the single-stranded G-rich overhang and is essential for both telomere end protection and telomere length regulation. Telomeric binding of POT1 is enhanced by its interaction with TPP1. In this study, we demonstrate that mouse Tpp1 confers telomere end protection by recruiting Pot1a and Pot1b to telomeres. Knockdown of Tpp1 elicits a p53-dependent growth arrest and an ATM-dependent DNA damage response at telomeres. In contrast to depletion of Trf2, which activates ATM, removal of Pot1a and Pot1b from telomeres initiates an ATR-dependent DNA damage response (DDR). Finally, we show that telomere dysfunction as a result of Tpp1 depletion promotes chromosomal instability and tumorigenesis in the absence of an ATM-dependent DDR. Our results uncover a novel ATR-dependent DDR at telomeres that is normally shielded by POT1 binding to the single-stranded G-overhang. In addition, our results suggest that loss of ATM can cooperate with dysfunctional telomeres to promote cellular transformation and tumor formation in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaolan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yibin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Yahong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wilfredo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cosme-Blanco
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Sandy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004249:DNA Damage; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D000089804:Shelterin Complex; D016615:Telomere / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034501:Telomere-Binding Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D035341:Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C495876:ACD protein, human; C544060:Acd protein, mouse; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C507326:POT1 protein, mouse; C512707:POT1b protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000089804:Shelterin Complex; D034501:Telomere-Binding Proteins; D035341:Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C576897:Atr protein, mouse; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; C576325:Atm protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases