title: Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast improves detection of invasive cancer, preinvasive cancer, and premalignant lesions during surveillance of women at high risk for breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the diagnostic accuracy of mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast in the surveillance of women at high risk for breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective comparison study, women at high risk for breast cancer were offered annual surveillance examinations, consisting of mammography, ultrasound, and MRI, at a single tertiary care breast center. The sensitivity and specificity of each modality was based on the histopathologic evaluation of suspicious findings from all modalities plus the detected interval cancers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred and twenty-seven women underwent 672 complete imaging rounds. Of a total of 28 detected cancers, 14 were detected by mammography, 12 by ultrasound, and 24 by MRI, which resulted in sensitivities of 50%, 42.9%, and 85.7%, respectively (P < 0.01). MRI detected not only significantly more invasive but also significantly more preinvasive cancers (ductal carcinoma in situ). Mammography, ultrasound, and MRI led to 25, 26, and 101 false-positive findings, which resulted in specificities of 98%, 98%, and 92%, respectively (P < 0.05). Thirty-five (35%) of these false-positive findings were atypical ductal hyperplasias, lesions considered to be of premalignant character. Nine (26%) of those were detected by mammography, 2 (6%) with ultrasound, and 32 (91%) with MRI (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that MRI of the breast improves the detection of invasive cancers, preinvasive cancers, and premalignant lesions in a high-risk population and should therefore become an integral part of breast cancer surveillance in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. christopher.riedl@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Riedl
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ponhold
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Flöry
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kroiss
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fuchsjäger
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Helbich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D002648:Child; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008327:Mammography; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome