title: A new pyrene-based fluorescent probe for the determination of critical micelle concentrations.
abstract: A new pyrene-based fluorescent probe for the determination of critical micelle concentrations (CMC) is described. The title compound 1 is obtained in five steps, starting from pyrene. Fluorescence spectroscopic properties of 1 are studied in homogeneous organic solvents and aqueous micellar solutions. In a wide range of organic solvents, probe 1 exhibits a characteristic monomer emission of the pyrene fluorophore, with three distinct peak maxima at 382, 404, and 425 nm. The spectra change dramatically in aqueous solution, where no monomer emission of the pyrene fluorophore is detected. Instead, only strong excimer fluorescence with a broad, red-shifted emission band at lambda(max) = 465 nm is observed. In micellar aqueous solution, a superposition of the monomer and excimer emission is found. The appearance of the monomer emission in micellar solution can be explained on the basis of solubilization of 1 by the surfactant micelles. The ratio of the monomer to excimer fluorescence intensities of 1 is highly sensitive to changes in surfactant concentration. This renders 1 a versatile and sensitive probe molecule for studying the micellization of ionic and nonionic surfactants. For a representative selection of common surfactants, the critical micelle concentrations in aqueous solution are determined, showing excellent agreement with established literature data.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Campus Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, D-45117 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Talbiersky
authors.forename: Hans-Gert
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Korth
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sustmann
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boese
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bläser
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rehage
mesh_terms: D000077286:Cetrimonium; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008823:Micelles; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D055672:Static Electricity; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008823:Micelles; D011721:Pyrenes; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D000077286:Cetrimonium