title: Is provider training effective? Changes in attitudes towards smoking cessation counseling and counseling behaviors of home health care nurses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We prospectively examined whether training home health care nurses is associated with changes in attitudes towards smoking cessation counseling and counseling behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We trained 98 home health care nurses to deliver cessation counseling to their patients. Measures were administered at pre-training, post-training, and 6 months later. This was part of a larger study conducted in Providence, RI, USA (1998-2002).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with pre-training, at post-training, nurses reported significantly higher levels of self-efficacy to counsel, positive outcome expectations, optimism that patients would follow their advice, perceived worth of smoking counseling, perceived importance of quitting smoking, and perceived organizational support. These training effects were maintained 6 months later. Between the end of training and the 6-month follow-up, nurses reported significant increases in their perceived effectiveness to counsel smokers and confidence to encourage behavior change. Compared with pre-training, at 6 months of follow-up, nurses were significantly more likely to ask about smoking status, assess readiness to quit, advise to quit, assist with quitting, and arrange follow-up. Nurses spent significantly more time counseling smokers at 6 months than at pre-training, and were less likely to selectively counsel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brief training facilitates both short- and long-term changes in nurse attitudes and behaviors regarding smoking cessation counseling.
authors.affiliation: The Miriam Hospital and Brown Medical School, Providence, RI 02903, USA. Belinda_Borelli@Brown.edu
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Borrelli
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Novak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003152:Community Health Nursing / Q000193:education*; D003376:Counseling / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012237:Rhode Island; D020377:Self Efficacy; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology