title: The effect of probiotics on respiratory infections and gastrointestinal symptoms during training in marathon runners.
abstract: Heavy exercise is associated with an increased risk of upper respiratory tract infections. Strenuous exercise also causes gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. In previous studies probiotics have reduced respiratory tract infections and GI symptoms in general populations including children, adults, and the elderly. These questions have not been studied in athletes before. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotics on the number of healthy days, respiratory infections, and GI-symptom episodes in marathon runners in the summer. Marathon runners (N = 141) were recruited for a randomized, double-blind intervention study during which they received Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) or placebo for a 3-mo training period. At the end of the training period the subjects took part in a marathon race, after which they were followed up for 2 wk. The mean number of healthy days was 79.0 in the LGG group and 73.4 in the placebo group (P = 0.82). There were no differences in the number of respiratory infections or GI-symptom episodes. The duration of GI-symptom episodes in the LGG group was 2.9 vs. 4.3 d in the placebo group during the training period (P = 0.35) and 1.0 vs. 2.3 d, respectively, during the 2 wk after the marathon (P = 0.046). LGG had no effect on the incidence of respiratory infections or GI-symptom episodes in marathon runners, but it seemed to shorten the duration of GI-symptom episodes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Riina A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kekkonen
authors.forename: Tommi J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Vasankari
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vuorimaa
authors.forename: Tari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haahtela
authors.forename: Ilkka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Julkunen
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Korpela
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome