title: Organochlorine residues in booted eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus) and goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) eggs from southeastern Spain.
abstract: Most organochlorine (OC) use has been banned in Spain, but these compounds are persistent and may still adversely affect predatory birds. Data generally are lacking, however. Residues of hexachlorobenzene, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, lindane, hexachloro-octahydro-epoxy-dimethanonaphthalene, DDT, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in 22 failed eggs of booted eagles (Hieraaetus pennatus) and goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) from southeastern Spain; both species are declining in this region. Hexachloro-octahydro-epoxy-dimethanonaphthalene, DDE, and sum PCB congener concentrations were significantly higher in booted eagle than in goshawk eggs, and an inverse relationship was found between shell thickness and DDE concentrations in booted eagles. Organochlorides may have been associated with the failure of some booted eagle eggs, but concentrations in booted eagle and goshawk eggs decreased over the period during which populations have dwindled. Thus, although OCs may be a contributory factor, they are unlikely to be the primary cause of the recent population declines in southeastern Spain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martinez-Lopez
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maria-Mojica
authors.forename: Jose E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Jose F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Shore
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Antonio J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Garcia-Fernandez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D020307:Eagles / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D046428:Hawks / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D010063:Ovum / Q000737:chemistry*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011153:Population; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls