title: Combination of laparoscopy and nephroscopy for treatment of stones in pelvic ectopic kidneys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the combination of laparoscopy and nephroscopy for the treatment of stones in pelvic ectopic kidneys.
  
  
  METHODS
  The series included seven male and four female patients (mean age 43 +/- 9 years). Laparoscopy-assisted percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) was performed for caliceal stones in five patients after failure of shockwave lithotripsy, while laparoscopic pyelolithotomy was performed for large or branched renal pelvic stones in six patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operative time was 164 +/- 30 minutes. There were neither complications nor conversions to open surgery. The stone-free rate was 91% (10 patients). One patient had a residual caliceal fragment that was treated with shockwave lithotripsy. The mean hospital stay was 3.5 +/- 0.7 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of laparoscopy and nephroscopy is feasible, safe, and effective for the treatment of stones in pelvic kidneys.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hamdy A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: El-Kappany
authors.forename: Ahmed R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: El-Nahas
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shoma
authors.forename: Nasr A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: El-Tabey
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eraky
authors.forename: Mahmoud R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: El-Kenawy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D007670:Kidney Calices / Q000601:surgery; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors