title: Isolation and selection of Bacillus spp. as potential biological agents for enhancement of water quality in culture of ornamental fish.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To isolate, select and evaluate Bacillus spp. as potential biological agents for enhancement of water quality in culture of ornamental fish.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Natural isolates obtained from mud sediment and Cyprinus carpio were purified and assessed in vitro for efficacy based on the inhibition of growth of pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila and the decrease in concentrations of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate ions. Based on suitability to predefined characteristics, the isolates B001, B002 and B003 were selected and evaluated in vitro in the presence of Aer. hydrophila and in a preliminary in vivo trial with C. carpio. The inhibitory effect on pathogen growth and the decrease in concentrations of waste ions was demonstrated. Based on 16S RNA sequence homology, the isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus licheniformis, respectively. Isolate B002 did not contain the anthrax virulence plasmids pOX1, pOX2 or the B. cereus enterotoxin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selected isolates effected synergistic reduction in pathogen load and the concentrations of waste ions in vitro and in vivo and are safe for use in ornamental aquaculture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A new approach for assessment of biological agents was demonstrated and has yielded putative isolates for development into aquaculture products.
authors.affiliation: CSIR Biosciences, Modderfontein, South Africa. rlalloo@csir.co.za
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lalloo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramchuran
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ramduth
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Görgens
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gardiner
mesh_terms: D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000502:physiology; D000641:Ammonia; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D001407:Bacillus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002347:Carps / Q000502:physiology; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005399:Fishes / Q000382:microbiology*; D007477:Ions; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D010710:Phosphates; D021521:Ribotyping; D014871:Water Microbiology; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D010710:Phosphates; D000641:Ammonia