title: Pyrazolinone analgesics prevent the antiplatelet effect of aspirin and preserve human platelet thromboxane synthesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anti-inflammatory analgesics, including ibuprofen and naproxen, are known to interfere with the antiplatelet effect of aspirin, presumably as a result of a drug-drug interaction at the level of platelet cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We studied whether dipyrone, which has recently been reported to inhibit COX isoforms by a mechanism different from conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), also interferes with the antiplatelet effect of aspirin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Arachidonic acid- and collagen-induced aggregation, as well as thromboxane formation, were measured in human platelet-rich plasma. Platelet P-selectin expression was determined by flow cytometry and cell-free COX enzyme activity was quantified by luminol-enhanced luminescence of human platelet microsomes. In addition, computerized docking was performed based on the crystal structure of COX-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  4-Methylaminoantipyrine (MAA), the active metabolite of dipyrone, largely attenuated or even completely abolished the inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation, thromboxane formation and P-selectin expression by aspirin. Similar results were obtained for other pyrazolinones, as well as for the conventional NSAIDs ibuprofen and naproxen. Moreover, MAA attenuated the effect of aspirin on COX activity of platelet microsomes, suggesting a competition with aspirin at the COX-1 enzyme. This was confirmed by docking studies, which revealed that MAA forms a strong hydrogen bond with serine 530 within the COX-1, thereby preventing enzyme acetylation by aspirin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates for the first time that dipyrone and other pyrazolinones have a high potential to attenuate or prevent the antiplatelet effect of aspirin. This should be considered if pyrazolinone analgesics are administered to patients with cardiovascular disease requiring antiplatelet aspirin therapy.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. hohlfeld@uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hohlfeld
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: A-A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jessen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schrör
authors.forename: H-D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Höltje
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ebel
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001241:Aspirin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D001665:Binding Sites; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004177:Dipyrone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004336:Drug Antagonism; D006801:Humans; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D047069:Pyrazolones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D013931:Thromboxanes / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D047069:Pyrazolones; D013931:Thromboxanes; D004177:Dipyrone; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; C008667:noramidopyrine; D001241:Aspirin