title: Trypanosoma cruzi: antiprotozoal activity of parthenolide obtained from Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip. (Asteraceae, Compositae) against epimastigote and amastigote forms.
abstract: This study reports the activity of crude extracts, fractions and parthenolide (pure compound) obtained from Tanacetum parthenium against two forms of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Feverfew is a traditional herbal medicine that has been used for the treatment of migraine, fever and arthritis. Activity against epimastigote forms was observed for crude extracts, fractions and parthenolide, and a progressive increase in the antitrypanosomal effect was observed in the course of the purification process. The pure compound showed IC50/96h and IC90/96h of 0.5 microg/ml and 1.25 microg/ml, respectively. The cytotoxic effect of parthenolide in LLMCK2 cells was 3.2 microg/ml (CC50/96h) and the selectivity index was 6.4. No hemolysis was detected for the pure compound. The internalization index of T. cruzi in LLMCK2 cells was reduced almost 51% at the concentration of 2 microg/ml of parthenolide, and 96.6% at 4 microg/ml. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy permitted observation of morphological modifications and ultrastructural alterations.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, CEP 86051-990, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Luis Gustavo
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Morello
authors.forename: Tânia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda-Nakamura
authors.forename: Sueli Fumie
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yamada-Ogatta
authors.forename: Benedito Prado Dias
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.forename: Diógenes Aparício Garcia
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cortez
authors.forename: Izabel Cristina Piloto
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: José Andrés
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Morgado-Díaz
authors.forename: Celso Vataru
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D020903:Tanacetum parthenium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C002669:parthenolide