title: Polymerization stress related to radiant exposure and its effect on microleakage of composite restorations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Verify the influence of radiant exposure (dose) on polymerization stress and microleakage of composite restorations using two adhesive systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  An experimental composite (1BisGMA:1TEGDMA, 75wt.% filler) was subjected to 3, 6, 12 or 24J/cm(2) under 500mW/cm(2). Stress was measured in 1-mm height specimens placed between two glass rods (Ø=5mm) attached to a testing machine. Microleakage was assessed in cylindrical restorations (Ø=5mm, h=2mm) with enamel margins, using Adper Single Bond 2 (SB) or Adper Prompt (PR). After storage, specimens were subjected to dye penetration (50% AgNO(3)) and sectioned twice, perpendicularly. Microleakage of the 8tooth/composite interfaces was recorded in millimeters. KHN was measured at both surfaces of cylindrical specimens (Ø=5mm, 1 or 2mm height). ANOVA/Tukey test were used (alpha=0.05). KHN top and bottom were compared using paired t-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stress increased significantly with dose (3J/cm(2): 1.4+/-0.3(c); 6J/cm(2): 4.3+/-0.5(b); 12J/cm(2): 9.3+/-0.6(a); 24J/cm(2): 9.9+/-0.7(a), in MPa). For both average and maximum microleakage, interactions were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Tooth average microleakage was influenced by the adhesive system (SB<PR) and increased with dose (3J/cm(2)<6J/cm(2)=12J/cm(2)=24J/cm(2)). Tooth maximum microleakage was influenced by dose only (3J/cm(2)<6J/cm(2)=12J/cm(2)=24J/cm(2)). A direct association between stress and microleakage was suggested with SB, while with PR showed severe dye penetration at all doses evaluated. KHN showed significant differences among all groups, except at bottom of 2mm specimens cured with 3 and 6J/cm(2). Differences between top and bottom were found for 2mm specimens cured with 3 and 6J/cm(2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stress and microleakage increased significantly with the applied radiant exposure.
authors.affiliation: University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biochemistry - FOUSP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Calabró
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Calheiros
authors.forename: Fernanda Tranchesi
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Sadek
authors.forename: Leticia Cristina Cidreira
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Boaro
authors.forename: Roberto Ruggiero
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Braga
mesh_terms: D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008422:Materials Testing; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D016622:Silver Staining; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: C489661:Adper Prompt Self-Etch; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D010755:Organophosphates; D011108:Polymers; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C115612:single bond; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate