title: Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in serous borderline ovarian tumors is associated with noninvasive implant formation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) proteolytic and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and receptor (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2) angiogenetic capacity in serous borderline ovarian tumors (S-BOTs) for women with and without noninvasive implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The population was made up of 99 patients with S-BOTs as the primary diagnosis between 1985 and 1995, 44 of whom had noninvasive implants and 55 without implants. MMP-2, MMP-14, the type-2 tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP-2), and VEGF and receptors (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2) were examined by immunhistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Strong positive (+++) MMP-2 staining was found more frequently in women with primary S-BOTs and noninvasive implants (76%) than in those without implants (53%; p < 0.05). In contrast, staining for MMP-14 and TIMP-2 was not significantly different in the two groups. Furthermore, expression of MMP-2, MMP-14, and TIMP-2 was similar in primary tumors and in their noninvasive implants. Most tumors in both groups had no VEGF expression (84% in the noninvasive implant group and 82% in the group without implants), while moderate (++) to strong (+++) expression of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 was detected in 79% and 94% of the two tumor groups, with no significant difference between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enhanced MMP-2 was seen in primary S-BOT with noninvasive implants. The presence of noninvasive implants was prognostic for disease-free survival.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Ree
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaern
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kjaerheim
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bassarova
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haldorsen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tropé
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nesland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053511:Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 / Q000378:metabolism; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D053511:Matrix Metalloproteinase 14