title: Changes in intraocular indocyanine green concentrations during macular hole surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report changes in intraocular indocyanine green (ICG) concentration which was used for visualization of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) during vitreous surgery on 3 eyes of 3 patients with full-thickness macular hole.
  
  
  METHODS
  During intraocular surgery with ICG-assisted ILM peeling, aliquots of intraocular fluid obtained at 1 min after ICG administration (0.5 ml of 5 mg/ml ICG solution), before and after ILM peeling, and before and after fluid/gas exchange were subjected to spectrophotometric analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intravitreous concentrations of ICG were dramatically reduced to approximately 0.4 microg/ml during the surgery for macular hole in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study indicates that the levels of remaining intraocular ICG concentrations after macular hole surgery are much lower than the levels that induced retinal toxicity in experimental models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. ooguro@sapmed.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohguro
authors.forename: Ikuyo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ohguro
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Yamazaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hitoshi
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokoi
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000601:surgery*; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green