title: Effect of the sporting discipline on the right and left ventricular morphology and function of elite male track runners: a magnetic resonance imaging and phosphorus 31 spectroscopy study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Professional, long-term physical training is often associated with morphological and metabolic changes in the heart. This study was undertaken to assess the left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) morphology and function and the LV high-energy phosphates of athletes trained to a sustained power or aerobic exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the LV and RV and phosphorous 31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the LV were performed by means of a 1.5-T clinical scanner in 23 elite track sprinters (sustained power or anaerobic power sprint training, 100-400 m) or marathon runners (sustained aerobic endurance training) and in 10 sedentary, young, lean men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Athletes had LV hypertrophy and unaffected chamber size, systolic and diastolic functions, and high-energy phosphates metabolism. Also, the RV of the athletes was hypertrophied in comparison with that of the nonathletic controls, and the systolic and diastolic functions were unaffected; the chamber volume was higher in the sprinters (end-diastolic volume 190 +/- 15 mL) in comparison with that of the marathon runners (174 +/- 19 mL, P < .05) and controls (168 +/- 19 mL, P < .01) even if this difference, when adjusted for body surface area, was maintained only when compared with that of controls (P < .02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Left ventricular and RV hypertrophy in athletes is associated with normal systolic and diastolic functions and resting cardiac energy metabolism, supporting its benign nature. A more pronounced RV dilatation was found in the anaerobic power athletes and further investigation is warranted to establish the clinical significance of this training effect.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine-Section of Nutrition/Metabolism, San Raphael Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. perseghin.gianluca@hsr.it
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perseghin
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Cobelli
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lattuada
authors.forename: Ileana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Terruzzi
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: La Torre
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Belloni
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Canu
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scifo
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Maschio
authors.forename: Livio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luzi
authors.forename: Giampietro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alberti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016276:Ventricular Function; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes