Exosomes in urine: who would have thought...?
Normal urine contains thousands of proteins, largely due to the presence of 'exosomes,' tiny vesicles secreted into the urine by renal epithelial cells. These exosomes, demonstrated by Keller and colleagues to be also retrievable from amniotic fluid, offer great promise for future disease biomarker discovery studies.
Knepper
M A
MA
Laboratory of Kidney and Electrolyte Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. knep@helix.nih.gov
Pisitkun
T
T
D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D051927:CD24 Antigen / Q000652:urine; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000652:urine; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000652:urine; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000652:urine; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000652:urine; D022142:Secretory Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism*; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000652:urine
D015415:Biomarkers; D051927:CD24 Antigen; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; C117020:PDCD6IP protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D025801:Ubiquitin