Multidrug resistance in gastric cancer: recent research advances and ongoing therapeutic challenges.
Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The major cause of treatment failure for gastric cancer is the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapy, which is currently one of the primary treatment options. Recently, research into the MDR of gastric cancer has revealed that, in addition to the classical ATP-binding cassette transporters, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and MDR-associated protein (MRP)1, a number of other molecules might mediate the drug resistance of human gastric cancer. The absence of P-gp and MRP1 expression in some gastric cancer cases also indicates that there might be other mechanisms responsible for human gastric cancer MDR. These molecules belong to different functional families and might work together to confer MDR phenotypes. The new findings may provide new clues to the mechanisms of MDR and enable the selection of new candidates for targeting MDR in human gastric cancer.
Zhang
Dexin
D
Institute of Digestive Disease & State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xjing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 15 West Chang-Le Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China. dx66@163.com
Fan
Daiming
D
D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000502:physiology; D015195:Drug Design; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D019450:Genes, MDR; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
C513055:ABCB1 protein, human; D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II; D005978:Glutathione