title: Congenitally blind humans use different stimulus selection strategies in hearing: an ERP study of spatial and temporal attention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Superior temporal processing skills, both in the auditory and tactile system have been reported in blind as compared to sighted humans. The present experiment tested whether blind people prefer, as a possible consequence, temporal rather than spatial stimulus selection strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight congenitally blind adults were tested in a selective attention experiment that simultaneously manipulated spatial and temporal attention. Participants had to attend to an auditory offset stimulus demarcating the end of a short (600 ms) or long (1200 ms) interval. They had to detect slightly less intense offset markers at the attended point in time presented in the left (half of the trials) or right (other half of the trials) hemifield. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded throughout the experiment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whereas the N1 was significantly enhanced by both spatial and temporal attention in the sighted (see Lange, Kramer, & Röder, 2006), only a temporal attention effect was found in the blind. Moreover, in both groups a second, longer lasting negativity was observed for offset markers presented at the attended as compared to the unattended spatial location. This negativity was modulated by temporal attention only in the blind.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are consistent with the assumption of a higher priority of time for stimulus selection in the absence of vision from birth.
authors.affiliation: Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, Germany. Brigitte.Roeder@uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Röder
authors.forename: Ulrike M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lange
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001766:Blindness / Q000151:congenital* / Q000523:psychology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013998:Time Perception / Q000502:physiology*