title: Immunohistochemical detection of XIAP in mesothelium and mesothelial lesions.
abstract: We examined benign and malignant mesothelial tissue samples for the presence of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), a potent constituent of the inhibitor of apoptosis family of caspase inhibitors. We subjected 55 sections (31 malignant mesotheliomas, 2 well-differentiated peritoneal mesotheliomas, 13 pleural mesothelial hyperplasias, and 9 benign mesothelial tissues) from archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded surgical tissue blocks to citrate-based antigen retrieval and then incubated them with monoclonal anti-XIAP (clone 48, dilution 1:250; BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) at 4 degrees C for 72 hours and developed them using EnVision-Plus reagents (DAKO, Carpinteria, CA) and diaminobenzidine as the chromogen. Particulate or nonhomogeneous cytoplasmic staining was considered positive. All 9 normal mesothelial samples were negative for XIAP. Of 13 mesothelial hyperplasias, 1 (8%) was weakly positive in fewer than 10% of cells, as was 1 of 2 well-differentiated peritoneal mesotheliomas. Of 31 malignant mesotheliomas, 25 (81%) displayed XIAP positivity. XIAP immunostaining, when strong, allows for distinction of malignant from benign and hyperplastic mesothelial cell populations and is a potentially useful immunodiagnostic marker in small samples and morphologically controversial cases. Elevated expression of XIAP could contribute to tumorigenesis in mesothelioma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
authors.forename: Maoxin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yuhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Garrett
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Desman
authors.forename: Beverly
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Burstein
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein; C496866:XIAP protein, human