title: Self-rated health, symptoms of depression and general symptoms at 3 and 12 months after a first-ever stroke: a municipality-based study in Sweden.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-rated health is an important indicator of quality of life as well as a good predictor of future health. The purpose of the study was to follow up the self-rated health and the prevalence of symptoms of depression and general symptoms in a population of first-ever stroke patients 3 and 12 months after stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients surviving their first-ever stroke and residing in Nacka municipality in Stockholm County Council were included using a multiple overlapping search strategy during an 18-month period (n = 187). Our study group comprised the 145 patients who survived the first 3 months after stroke. Three and 12 months after their stroke, the patients were assessed regarding self-rated health and general symptoms using parts of the Göteborg Quality of Life Instrument (GQLI), and regarding symptoms of depression using the Montgomery Asberg Depression Scale (MADRS-S).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Self-rated health was rated as very good or rather good by 62% at 3 months after stroke and by 78% at 12 months after stroke. More than half of the patients suffered from symptoms of depression, with no significant improvement at 12 months. The most common general symptoms at 3 months after stroke were fatigue, sadness, pain in the legs, dizziness and irritability. Fatigue and sadness were still common at 12 months. Twelve months after stroke the prevalences of crying easily, irritability, impaired concentration, nausea and loss of weight were significantly lower.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of patients rated their health as rather good or very good at 3 and 12 months after stroke. However, the majority suffered from fatigue and from symptoms of depression after both 3 and 12 months. In continued care of stroke survivors, it is important to consider the fact that many patients who rate their health as good may nevertheless have symptoms of depression, and some of them may benefit from anti-depressive treatment.
authors.affiliation: CeFAM (Centre for Family and Community Medicine), Karolinska Institute, Alfred Nobels väg 12, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden. ylva.skaner@ki.se
authors.forename: Ylva
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Skånér
authors.forename: Gunnar H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sundquist
authors.forename: Ejda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hassler
authors.forename: Ingvar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Krakau
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors