title: Antiproteinuric effect of the calcium channel blocker cilnidipine added to renin-angiotensin inhibition in hypertensive patients with chronic renal disease.
abstract: Cilnidipine, a dual L-/N-type calcium channel blocker, dilates both efferent and afferent arterioles and is renoprotective. Our multi-center, open-labeled, and randomized trial compared the antiproteinuric effect of cilnidipine with that of amlodipine in hypertensive patients with kidney disease. A group of 339 patients, already receiving renin-angiotensin system inhibitor treatment, were randomly assigned to cilnidipine or amlodipine. The primary endpoint was a decrease in the urinary protein to creatinine ratio. After 1-year of treatment, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly reduced in both groups which did not differ between them. The urinary protein to creatinine ratio significantly decreased in the cilnidipine compared to the amlodipine group. Cilnidipine exerted a greater antiproteinuric effect than amlodipine even in the subgroup whose blood pressure fell below the target level. This study suggests that cilnidipine is superior to amlodipine in preventing the progression of proteinuria in hypertensive patients when coupled with a renin-angiotensin system inhibitor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. fujita-dis@h.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ideura
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isshiki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D017311:Amlodipine; C065927:cilnidipine; D003404:Creatinine