title: Liquid chromatographic determination of 6-, 8-, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol in ginger (Zingiber officinale) as the raw herb and dried aqueous extract.
abstract: The determination of 6-, 8-, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol in dried ginger (Zingiber officinale) and in the dried aqueous extract of ginger is reported. This is the first study to report a validated method for the determination of these 4 analytes. Several extraction solvents and methods were examined, and the optimum combination was determined. The samples were extracted at room temperature by sonication with methanol, and the extract was analyzed by liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. A C18 column was used with a water-acetonitrile gradient mobile phase. Quantification was at 200 nm. The levels of 6-, 8-, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol in the raw herb were 9.3, 1.6, 2.3, and 2.3 mglg, respectively. The levels of gingerols found in the dried aqueous extract were between 5 and 16 times lower than those in the raw herb, but the level of 6-shogaol was higher. Analyte identity was confirmed by negative-ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, in which 2 daughter ions were obtained for each analyte. The average recovery was 97% with a relative standard deviation of <8%. The limits of detection for 6-, 8-, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol in the raw herb were 0.22, 0.04, 0.09, and 0.07 mglg, respectively, and in the dried aqueous extract, 0.11, 0.02, 0.02, and 0.14 mg/g, respectively.
authors.affiliation: University of Western Sydney, Herbal Analysis Laboratory, Centre for Complementary Medicine Research, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW, 1797, Australia. s.lee@uws.edu.au
authors.forename: Samiuela
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Cheang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.forename: Clynton Wade
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Halstead
authors.forename: Thuy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huynh
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bensoussan
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles / Q000737:chemistry; D002396:Catechols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000378:metabolism*; D007477:Ions; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D002396:Catechols; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D007477:Ions; D010936:Plant Extracts; D028321:Plant Preparations; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; C040115:shogaol; C007845:gingerol; C032159:acetonitrile