title: Hypermethods for EEG hyperscanning.
abstract: Until now, in EEG studies the activity of the brain during simple or complex tasks have been recorded in a single subject. Often, during such EEG recordings, subjects interacts with the external devices or the researchers in order to reproduce conditions similar to the those usually occurring in the real-life. However, in order to study the concurrent activity in subjects interacting in cooperation or competition activities, the issue of the simultaneous recording of their brain activity became mandatory. The simultaneous recording of hemodynamic or neuroelectric activity of the brain is called "hyperscanning". We would like present results obtained by EEG hyperscannings performed on a group of subjects engaged in cooperative games. The EEG hyperscannings have been performed with the simultaneous use of high resolution EEG devices on groups of three and four subjects while they were playing cooperative games. The analysis of such data have been conducted with analysis method that taken into account the particular nature of the data simultaneously gathered from different subjects. We called these methods hypermethods. In particular, we estimate the concurrent activity in multiple brains of the group and we depicted the causal connections between regions of different brains (hyperconnectivity). The resulting causality patterns will link certain areas of the brain of a subject to the waveforms obtained from the other brain areas of another subject of the same group. Results obtained in a study of several groups recorded by the hyperscanning reveals causal links between prefrontal areas of the different subjects when they are performing cooperative games in different frequency bands. Hypermethods for hyperscanning will open a different area for the study of neuroscience, in which the activity of multiple brains during social cooperation could be investigated. In such area the importance of EEG will be relevant due to its temporal and spatial resolution now obtainable w- ith the high resolution EEG techniques.
authors.affiliation: Dipt. di Fisiologia umana e Farmacologia, Univ. La Sapienza, Roma.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Babiloni
authors.forename: Febo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cincotti
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mattia
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mattiocco
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Vico Fallani
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tocci
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Marciani
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Astolfi
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D010988:Play and Playthings; D012016:Reference Values; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted