title: Characterization of pharmaceutical powder blends by NIR chemical imaging.
abstract: This study demonstrates the capabilities of NIR imaging as an effective tool for characterization of pharmaceutical powder blends. The powder system used in this small-scale powder blending study consists of acetaminophen (APAP, the model API), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and lactose monohydrate. Mixtures of these components were blended for different times for a total of ten time points (ten blending trials). Images collected from multiple locations of the blends were used to generate a qualitative description of the components' blending dynamics and a quantitative determination of both the blending end point and the distribution variability of the components. Multivariate analyses, including pure-component PCA and discriminate PLS, were used to treat the imaging data. A good correlation was observed between imaging results and a UV-Vis monitoring method for determining blend homogeneity. Score images indicated general trends of the distribution of blending constituents for all ten blending trials. The API distribution pattern throughout blending was detected and the API domain size for different blending trials was compared. Blending insights obtained from this study may be transferable to large scale powder blending. Blending process understanding obtained from this study has the potential to facilitate the optimization of blending process control in the future.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Carl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011208:Powders; D002482:Cellulose; D007785:Lactose