title: Alcohol exposure during development: analysis of effects on female sexual behavior.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alcohol exposure during development has been shown to alter a variety of social behaviors in both humans and rodents. Sexual behavior in rodents has been well characterized and lends itself to a detailed investigation of the manner in which ethanol impacts this particular social behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were exposed to ethanol during both the prenatal and early postnatal period (ET). Control groups included rats exposed to the administration procedures alone (intubated-control) and nontreated controls (NC). Sexual behavior of intact naïve female rats in estrus was assessed in adulthood (approximately postnatal day 90) and activity was measured by the number of crossings between chambers in the 3-chamber test apparatus. A separate study examined the olfactory preferences for 4 odors by intact naïve female rats in all 3 groups. The 4 odors were the odors resulting from 1 hour of occupation of the test chamber by an intact male, 1 hour of occupation of the test chamber by a gonadectomized male, 0.5 ml of urine from an intact male, and 0.5 ml of urine from a gonadectomized male.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ET female rats showed a reduced return latency after ejaculation compared to both control groups. There was a trend toward a reduction in percent exits after all forms of male behavior in the ET animals compared to the control groups. No significant differences across groups were seen in the lordosis quotient, activity, or the behavior of the nonexperimental male. ET female rats showed a reduced preference for the odor from the intact male compared to both control groups and a reduced preference for the odor from the gonadectomized male compared to NC females only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that ethanol exposure during the prenatal and postnatal period in females alters sexual motivation and changes the processing of olfactory cues and possibly coital cues from male rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
authors.forename: Justin T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Gass
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Melissa D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: Joaquin N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Lugo
authors.forename: Sandra J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003307:Copulation; D003463:Cues; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D012724:Sex Attractants; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal; D012903:Smell
chemical_list: D012724:Sex Attractants; D000431:Ethanol