title: [Pectus excavatum: what treatment in plastic surgery? About 10 cases].
abstract: METHODS
  Several controversial issues concern pectus excavatum (funnel chest), the most common chest wall deformity. The pathogenesis of this deformity is uncertain, and there is no agreement as to its psychological, cardiac and pulmonary effects. An even more debatable point is the choice of surgical treatment among the more or less radical proposals made by different teams. No consensus exists concerning the indications for surgery, the technique to be used, or the suitable age of the patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study concerns 10 patients with funnel chest who underwent reconstruction surgery in our unit between 1989 and 2002. Nine patients received a silicone chest implant made to measure, and one a single breast implant. Each patient was interviewed and examined to obtain information and provide a basis for evaluation. The effects of possible associated abnormalities were evidenced by complementary cardiopulmonary examinations, and the severity of funnel chest was evaluated according to the Haller pectus index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean period after surgery was 5 years. The effects of funnel chest deformity were essentially psychological, relating to aesthetic disgrace. Although two-thirds of the deformities were considered severe, cardiopulmonary repercussions were minor. All 10 patients were satisfied with the repair performed, and this judgment was independent of surgical assessment. Acute complications concerned 5 seromas and one minimal scar separation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The indications for surgery and the means of surgical treatment for funnel chest are considered after comparison of our results with those in the literature and a survey of the different existing possibilities for treatment (implant, chondrosternoplasty, fat transplant).
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie plastique et des brûlés, immeuble J.-Monnet, boulevard J.-Monnet, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France. muriel.poupon@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poupon
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Duteille
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Casanova
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Caye
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Magalon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pannier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005660:Funnel Chest / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome