title: Human noroviruses in swine and cattle.
abstract: Human noroviruses are the predominant cause of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. Strains of norovirus also exist that are uniquely associated with animals; their contribution to the incidence of human illness remains unclear. We tested animal fecal samples and identified GIII (bovine), GII.18 (swine), and GII.4 (human) norovirus sequences, demonstrating for the first time, to our knowledge, that GII.4-like strains can be present in livestock. In addition, we detected GII.4-like noroviral RNA from a retail meat sample. This finding highlights a possible route for indirect zoonotic transmission of noroviruses through the food chain.
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. kirsten_mattison@hc-sc.gc.ca
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mattison
authors.forename: Anu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pollari
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Friendship
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kelton
authors.forename: Sabah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bidawid
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Farber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000662:veterinary*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat / Q000821:virology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D029322:Norovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000821:virology