title: Grip strength and the metabolic syndrome: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass and strength with age, is significantly associated with type 2 diabetes in older people.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there is a relationship between grip strength and features of the metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected on grip strength, fasting glucose, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, waist circumference and 2 h glucose after an oral glucose tolerance test, in a population-based sample of 2677 men and women aged 59-73 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In men and women combined, a standard deviation (SD) decrease in grip strength was significantly associated with higher: fasting triglycerides (0.05 SD unit increase, 95%CI 0.02-0.09, p = 0.006); blood pressure (OR 1.13, 95%CI 1.04-1.24, p = 0.004); waist circumference (0.08 SD unit increase, 95%CI 0.06-0.10, p < 0.001); 2 h glucose (0.07 SD unit increase, 95%CI 0.03-0.11, p = 0.001) and HOMA resistance (0.05 SD unit increase, 95%CI 0.01-0.09, p = 0.008), after adjustment for gender, weight, age, walking speed, social class, smoking habit and alcohol intake. Lower grip strength was also significantly associated with increased odds of having the metabolic syndrome according to both the ATPIII (OR 1.18, 95%CI 1.07-1.30, p < 0.001) and IDF definitions (OR 1.11, 95%CI 1.01-1.22, p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that impaired grip strength is associated with the individual features, as well as with the overall summary definitions, of the metabolic syndrome. The potential for grip strength to be used in the clinical setting needs to be explored.
authors.affiliation: MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK. aas@mrc.soton.ac.uk
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sayer
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Syddall
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Dennison
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: D I W
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Byrne
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D014280:Triglycerides