title: Increasing the performance of cortically-controlled prostheses.
abstract: Neural prostheses have received considerable attention due to their potential to dramatically improve the quality of life of severely disabled patients. Cortically-controlled prostheses are able to translate neural activity from cerebral cortex into control signals for guiding computer cursors or prosthetic limbs. Non-invasive and invasive electrode techniques can be used to measure neural activity, with the latter promising considerably higher levels of performance and therefore functionality to patients. We review here some of our recent experimental and computational work aimed at establishing a principled design methodology to increase electrode-based cortical prosthesis performance to near theoretical limits. Studies discussed include translating unprecedentedly brief periods of "plan" activity into high information rate (6.5 bits/s)control signals, improving decode algorithms and optimizing visual target locations for further performance increases, and recording from chronically implanted arrays in freely behaving monkeys to characterize neuron stability. Taken together, these results should substantially increase the clinical viability of cortical prostheses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. shenoy@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Krishna V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Shenoy
authors.forename: Gopal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santhanam
authors.forename: Stephen I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Afsheen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Afshar
authors.forename: Byron M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Vikash
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gilja
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Linderman
authors.forename: Rachel S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kalmar
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Caleb T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Kemere
authors.forename: Aaron P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.forename: Mark M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Churchland
authors.forename: Teresa H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Meng
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D014584:User-Computer Interface