title: The effectiveness of insulin initiation regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a large national medical records review study comparing a basal insulin analogue to premixed insulin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to compare the level of HbA(1c) reduction between a once-daily basal insulin analogue (glargine, GLG) and two twice-daily premixed insulin analogue formulations (premixed insulin lispro 75/25, PIL; premixed human insulin 70/30, PHI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) initiating insulin therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were extracted from a US national medical records database for this retrospective, 18-month, observational, cohort study. Patients with T2DM were initiated on GLG (n = 3624), PIL (n = 895) or PHI (n = 3647). A combined premixed insulin group (CPI; n = 4542) was formed for data analyses. Propensity score methods were used to adjust for 19 baseline characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adjusted and unadjusted reductions in HbA(1c) at six time points post-insulin initiation for a period of 18 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reductions in mean HbA(1c) relative to baseline were demonstrated by all cohorts for all treatment periods. After adjusting for baseline differences, the CPI cohort consistently demonstrated greater reductions in HbA(1c) (0.04-0.14%; p < 0.05), compared to the GLG cohort. The PIL cohort consistently demonstrated the greatest reductions in HbA(1c) (0.26-0.65%; p < 0.05), compared to the GLG cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retrospective study design and vulnerabilities to patient drop-outs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In clinical practice settings, greater reductions in HbA(1c) were found in patients with premixed insulin than with a basal insulin analogue with the greatest reduction observed with premixed insulin lispro 75/25, confirming the observations of randomized, controlled trials.
authors.affiliation: Kailo Research Group, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ruoping
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacober
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human