title: Lacunar infarction in type 2 diabetes is associated with an elevated intracranial arterial pulsatility index.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The arterial pulsatility index (PI) is measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) and is postulated to reflect the vascular resistance distal to the artery being examined. An increased PI of the intracranial artery is often reported with diabetes mellitus (DM), old age, hypertension, intracranial hypertension, vascular dementia, and small artery disease. Microvascular complication of DM, which may contribute to cerebral infarction, involves the small perforating artery and may influence the PI of the proximal artery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a TCD examination in patients with type 2 DM with acute lacunar infarction (DML, n=35), type 2 DM without cerebral infarction (DMO, n=69), and in control cases with no DM or cerebral infarction (control group, n=41). We then compared the TCD findings among these groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PI was significantly higher in the DML and DMO groups than in the control group (1.05, 0.93, 0.73. respectively, for the right middle cerebral artery; 1.04, 0.90, 0.73, respectively, for the left middle cerebral artery; 0.97, 0.89, 0.70, respectively, for the basilar artery). The PI was also significantly higher in the DML group than in the DMO group for both middle cerebral arteries. The flow velocity was comparable among the three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The elevated PI of the intracranial arteries may reflect diabetic cerebral microvascular complications. The PI measurement using TCD may be a useful predictor of lacunar infarction in type 2 DM patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yongdong Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 146-92 Dogok-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kee-Oog
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyung-Yul
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seung-Yeob
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chul-Woo
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Jong Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001488:Basilar Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial