title: Induction of immune responses and prevention of alveolar bone loss by intranasal administration of mice with Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae and recombinant cholera toxin B subunit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adult periodontitis is initiated by specific periodontal pathogens represented by Porphyromonas gingivalis; however, an effective measure for preventing the disease has not yet been established. In this study, the effectiveness of a vaccine composed of fimbriae of P. gingivalis and recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB) was evaluated using BALB/c mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fimbriae and rCTB were co-administered intranasally to BALB/c mice on days 0, 14, 21, and 28. On day 35, mice were sacrificed to determine immunoglobulin levels in serum, saliva, and nasal and lung extracts by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The prevention effect of the vaccine on P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis in mice was evaluated by measuring alveolar bone loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rCTB significantly increased serum immunoglobulin (Ig)A levels when mice were administered with a minimal amount (0.5 microg) of the fimbrial antigen. The adjuvant effect on serum IgG production was indistinct because the minimal amount of the antigen still induced a large amount of IgG. In contrast to systemic responses, a fimbria-specific secretory IgA response was strongly induced by co-administration of rCTB and 0.5 microg fimbriae; the same amount of the antigen alone scarcely induced a response. Histopathological examination revealed IgA-positive plasma cells in the nasal mucosal tissue but no observable mast cells in the area. In addition, nasal administration of the fimbrial vaccine significantly protected the mice from P. gingivalis-mediated alveolar bone loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nasal vaccination with a combination of fimbriae and rCTB can be an effective means of preventing P. gingivalis-mediated periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumada
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Haishima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozono
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tochikubo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umemoto
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D010861:Fimbriae, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000276:immunology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000276:immunology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D002772:Cholera Toxin