title: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide stimulates corticotropin-releasing factor, vasopressin and interleukin-6 gene transcription in hypothalamic 4B cells.
abstract: Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are the two major regulatory peptides in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. CRF, produced in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in response to stress, is secreted into the pituitary portal circulation, resulting in the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone from the anterior pituitary. AVP is synthesized in the PVN and supraoptic nucleus by various stressors. Hypothalamic 4B cells coexpress CRF and AVP. In 4B cells transfected with either a CRF or an AVP promoter-luciferase construct, forskolin increased the transcriptional activity of CRF or AVP. In the present study, we tried to determine whether pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) regulates both CRF and AVP genes in the hypothalamic cells, because receptors for PACAP were expressed in the hypothalamic cells. PACAP stimulated activity of both CRF and AVP promoter via protein kinase A pathway. PACAP stimulated interleukin (IL)-6 promoter activity and the levels of IL-6 mRNA and protein. IL-6 stimulated activity of both CRF and AVP promoter in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, we found that the stimulatory effects of PACAP on both activities were significantly inhibited by treatment with anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody. These data suggest that PACAP is involved in regulating the synthesis of IL-6 mRNA and IL-6 protein, and that the increase in endogenous IL-6 also contributes to stimulate the expression of both CRF and AVP genes. Taken together, these findings indicate that PACAP stimulates the transcription of CRF, AVP, and IL-6 genes in hypothalamic 4B cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan. kkageyama@hkg.odn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kageyama
authors.forename: Komaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanada
authors.forename: Yasumasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakihara
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nigawara
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kasckow
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005576:Colforsin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D051236:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051236:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D014667:Vasopressins; D005576:Colforsin; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases