title: Preliminary experience with visualization of intracortical fibers by focused high-resolution diffusion tensor imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The inherent low anisotropy of gray matter and the lack of adequate imaging sensitivity and resolution has, so far, impeded depiction of axonal fibers to their intracortical origin or termination. We tested the hypothesis that an experimental approach with high-resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides anisotropic data for fiber tractography with sufficient sensitivity to visualize in vivo the fine distribution of white matter bundles at the intracortical level.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted phantom measurements of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and obtained diffusion tensor maps of the occipital lobe in 6 healthy volunteers using a dedicated miniature phased array detector at 3T. We reconstructed virtual fibers using a standard tracking algorithm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The coil array provided a SNR of 8.0 times higher at the head surface compared with a standard quadrature whole head coil. Diffusion tensor maps could be obtained with an in-plane resolution of 0.58 x 0.58 mm(2). The axonal trajectories reconstructed from the diffusion data penetrate into the cortical ribbon perpendicular to the pial surface. This is the expected pattern for the terminations of thalamocortical afferent fibers to the middle layers of the occipital cortex and is consistent with the known microstructural organization of the mammalian cerebral cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-resolution DTI reveals intracortical anisotropy with a distinct parallel geometrical order, perpendicular to the pial surface, consistent with structures that may be identified as the terminal afferents in cortical gray matter.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jaermann
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Zanche
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Staempfli
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Pruessmann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valavanis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boesiger
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kollias
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001369:Axons / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity