title: Sensitivity and specificity of the Distress Thermometer for depression in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Receiving a new diagnosis of breast cancer is a distressing experience that may precipitate an episode of major depressive disorder. Efficient screening methods for detecting depression in the oncology setting are needed. This study evaluated the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) of the single-item Distress Thermometer (DT) for detecting depression in women newly diagnosed with Stage I-III breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed 321 patients (of 345 consecutive patients) at the time of their pre-surgical consultation at a Comprehensive Breast Cancer Program. Patients were administered the DT along with the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item Depression Module (PHQ-9) as a gold standard diagnostic assessment of depression status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean DT scores (11-point scale, 0-10) were significantly higher for depressed versus non-depressed patients (8.1 versus 4.4). In ROC analyses the DT showed strong discriminatory power relative to the PHQ-9-derived diagnosis of depression, with an area under the curve of 0.87. Patient age, education, marital status and stage of disease resulted in similar operating characteristics. A score of 7 represented the optimal trade-off between sensitivity (0.81) and specificity (0.85) characteristics for detecting depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The single-item DT performs satisfactorily relative to the PHQ-9 for detecting depression in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. A cutoff score of 7 on the DT possesses the optimal sensitivity and specificity characteristics. The strength of these findings suggests that a careful psychosocial evaluation should follow a positive screen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock MedicalCenter, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA. mark.t.hegel@dartmouth.edu
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hegel
authors.forename: E Dale
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kearing
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Gillock
authors.forename: Caroline P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Tim A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ahles
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy / Q000523:psychology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012372:ROC Curve; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012803:Sick Role; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires