title: Estrogen-like properties of perfluorooctanoic acid as revealed by expressing hepatic estrogen-responsive genes in rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus).
abstract: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an important perfluorinated compound (PFC) with various applications and has been widely disseminated in the environment, wildlife, and humans. The present study investigated the effects of waterborne PFOA on the expression of hepatic estrogen-responsive genes, vitellogenin (VTG), and estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) and on the gonadal development in a freshwater rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). The mRNA levels of VTG and ERbeta were determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques, and VTG protein levels were identified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A significant increase of VTG expression in the livers of both mature males and females was observed after 14 and 28 d of exposure to 3, 10, and 30 mg/L PFOA, indicating that PFOA could induce VTG synthesis. The expression of ERbeta increased significantly in livers of both mature males and females after a 14-d exposure, although no difference was observed after a 28-d exposure. The development of oocytes in testes exposed to PFOA also provided evidence of estrogenic activity in males. The ovaries of PFOA-exposed females underwent degeneration, as reported in other fish species exposed to environmental estrogens. This preliminary study indicates that PFOA can disturb the activity of estrogen in mature male rare minnows by inducing hepatic estrogen-responsive genes, VTG and ERbeta, and barrier female reproduction.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Jiayin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jianshe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Muqi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jinmiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zha
authors.forename: Zijian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002210:Caprylates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D005618:Fresh Water; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013997:Time Factors; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002210:Caprylates; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D004967:Estrogens; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014819:Vitellogenins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid