title: Detection of DNA double-strand breaks using gammaH2AX after MRI exposure at 3 Tesla: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of the static magnetic field and typical imaging sequences of a high-field magnetic resonance scanner (3 Tesla) on the induction of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in two different human cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) and human acute myeloid leukemia cells (KG-1a) were exposed to the static magnetic field alone and to turbo spin-echo (TSE) and gradient-echo (GE) sequences. Flow cytometry was used to quantify gammaH2AX (serine 139 phosphorylated form of histone H2AX) expression of antibody-stained cells as a marker for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) DSBs one hour and 24 hours after magnetic field exposure. X-ray-treated cells were used as positive control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither exposure to the static magnetic field alone nor to the applied imaging sequences showed significant differences in gammaH2AX expression between exposed and sham-exposed cells. X-ray-treated cells as positive control showed a significant increase in gammaH2AX expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The static magnetic field alone and MRI sequences at 3 Tesla have no effect on the induction of DSBs in HL-60 and KG-1a cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany. nina.schwenzer@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Nina F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Schwenzer
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bantleon
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kehlbach
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schraml
authors.forename: Claus D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Claussen
authors.forename: Enno
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodegerdts
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D004249:DNA Damage; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; C468783:H2AX protein, human; D006657:Histones