title: Aesthetic surgery and religion: Islamic law perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plastic surgeons are called upon to perform aesthetic surgery on patients of every gender, race, lifestyle, and religion. Currently, it may seem natural that cosmetic surgery should be perceived as permissible, and in our modern liberal age, it seems strange to attempt justifying certain surgical acts in the light of a particular cultural or religious tradition. Yet every day, cruel realities demonstrate that although the foremost intention of any scripture or tradition has been mainly to promote religious and moral values, most religions, including Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, invariably affect human behavior and attitude deeply, dictating some rigid positions regarding critical health issues.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Web search was conducted, and the literature was reviewed using the Medline search tool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Islamic law closely regulates and governs the life of every Muslim. Bioethical deliberation is inseparable from the religion itself, which emphasizes continuities between body and mind, between material and spiritual realms, and between ethics and jurisprudence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rule in Islam is that individuals should be satisfied with the way Allah has created them. Islam welcomes, however, the practice of plastic surgery as long as it is done for the benefit of patients. Even if it clearly considers "changing the creation of Allah" as unlawful, Islamic law is ambiguous regarding cosmetic surgery. Its objection to cosmetic surgery is not absolute. It is rather an objection to exaggeration and extremism. It has been mentioned that "Allah is beautiful and loves beauty."
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon, aata@terra.net.lb
authors.forename: Bishara S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Atiyeh
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kadry
authors.forename: Shady N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Hayek
authors.forename: Ramzi S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Moucharafieh
authors.forename: Ramzi S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Musharafieh
mesh_terms: D018912:Arabs; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D006801:Humans; D007514:Islam; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000941:ethics; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D012935:Social Justice; D012945:Social Values; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000941:ethics*