title: Hypercalcemia as a result of sarcoidosis with normal serum concentrations of vitamin D.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypercalcemia can occur in patients with granulomatous disorders such as sarcoidosis, and is commonly related to high serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (OHD) concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We here report a 68-year-old man with a history of mild renal insufficiency who presented with hypercalcemia (serum calcium of 3.11 mmol) and normal 1,25-OHD levels (38 pg/ml, RIA/IDS, Boldon, UK, measuring both 1,25-OH D2 and D3). Imaging and laboratory investigations were suggestive of sarcoidosis. After hydration and prednisone therapy (40 mg/day) for 7 days, serum calcium dropped to 2.7 mmol and 1,25-OHD levels to 13.4 pg/ml. Six weeks after prednisone therapy, serum calcium was 2.41 mmol (normal) and 1,25-OHD 6.2 pg/ml (low). Computed tomography of the chest showed shrinkage of the right hilar mass.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case illustrates that hypercalcemia can occur in granuloma-forming disorders such as sarcoidosis in the setting of inappropriately normal (and not elevated) 1,25-OHD levels. Contributing factors may include dehydration, increased uptake of oral calcium and/or decreased calcium excretion, especially in mild renal insufficiency. Therapy of choice are hydration and glucocorticoid (prednisone) therapy. In this setting, prednisone may lead to a decline of activated mononuclear cells (in the lung and lymph nodes) that are able to produce extrarenal PTH-independent 1,25-OHD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kratzsch
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paschke
authors.forename: Christian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Koch
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000097:blood; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017565:Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: C470125:PTH protein, human; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D; D002117:Calcitriol; D002118:Calcium; D011241:Prednisone