title: NADPH oxidase plays a crucial role in the activation of pancreatic stellate cells.
abstract: Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play an important role in pancreatic fibrosis and inflammation, where oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis. NADPH oxidase might be a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the injured pancreas. This study aimed to clarify the expression and regulation of cell functions by NADPH oxidase in PSCs. PSCs were isolated from rat and human pancreas tissues. Expression of NADPH oxidase was assessed by reverse transcription-PCR and immunostaining. Intracellular ROS production was assessed using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. The effects of diphenylene iodonium (DPI) and apocynin, inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, on key parameters of PSC activation were evaluated in vitro. In vivo, DPI (at 1 mg.kg body wt(-1).day(-1)) was administered in drinking water to 10-wk-old male Wistar Bonn/Kobori rats for 10 wk and to rats with chronic pancreatitis induced by dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC). PSCs expressed key components of NADPH oxidase (p22(phox), p47(phox), NOX1, gp91(phox)/NOX2, NOX4, and NOX activator 1). PDGF-BB, IL-1beta, and angiotensin II induced ROS production, which was abolished by DPI and apocynin. DPI inhibited PDGF-induced proliferation, IL-1beta-induced chemokine production, and expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen. DPI inhibited transformation of freshly isolated cells to a myofibroblast-like phenotype. In addition, DPI inhibited the development of pancreatic fibrosis in Wistar Bonn/Kobori rats and in rats with DBTC-induced chronic pancreatitis. In conclusion, PSCs express NADPH oxidase to generate ROS, which mediates key cell functions and activation of PSCs. NADPH oxidase might be a potential target for the treatment of pancreatic fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Div. of Gastroenterology, Tohoku Univ. Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574 Japan. amasamune@int3.med.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masamune
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kikuta
authors.forename: Kennichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Tooru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimosegawa
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000077214:Becaplermin; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1 / Q000378:metabolism; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009861:Onium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D009947:Organotin Compounds; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D000199:Actins; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000077214:Becaplermin; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D003094:Collagen; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009861:Onium Compounds; D009947:Organotin Compounds; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; C491766:Ccl2 protein, rat; C513297:Cxcl1 protein, rat; C498862:Acta2 protein, rat; C007517:diphenyleneiodonium; C056165:acetovanillone; C020735:dibutyldichlorotin