title: Laryngeal reflex responses are not modulated during human voice and respiratory tasks.
abstract: The laryngeal adductor response (LAR) is a protective reflex that prevents aspiration and can be elicited either by electrical stimulation of afferents in the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) or by deflection of mechanoreceptors in the laryngeal mucosa. We hypothesized that because this reflex is life-sustaining, laryngeal muscle responses to sensory stimuli would not be suppressed during volitional laryngeal tasks when compared to quiet respiration. Unilateral electrical superior laryngeal nerve stimulation was used to elicit early (R1) and late (R2) responses in the ipsilateral thyroarytenoid muscle in 10 healthy subjects. The baseline levels of muscle activity before stimulation, R1 and R2 response occurrence and the integrals of responses were measured during each task: quiet inspiration, prolonged vowels, humming, forced inhalation and effort closure. We tested whether R1 response integrals during tasks were equal to either: (1) baseline muscle activity during the task added to the response integral at rest; (2) the response integral at rest minus the baseline muscle activity during the task; or (3) the response integral at rest. R1 response occurrence was not altered by task from rest while fewer R2 responses occurred only during effort closure and humming compared to rest. Because the R1 response integrals did not change from rest, task increases in motor neuron firing did not alter the LAR. These findings demonstrate that laryngeal motor neuron responses to sensory inputs are not gated during volitional tasks confirming the robust life-sustaining protective mechanisms provided by this airway reflex.
authors.affiliation: Laryngeal and Speech Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/NIH, 10 Center Drive MSC 1416, Bethesda, MD 20892-1416, USA.
authors.forename: Victor M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Henriquez
authors.forename: Geralyn M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bielamowicz
authors.forename: Christy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ludlow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D007823:Laryngeal Nerves / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*; D014831:Voice / Q000502:physiology*