title: Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone in treatment of a patient with an atypical partial lipodystrophy syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of pioglitazone therapy in a patient with an atypical presentation of partial lipodystrophy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a case report and review the associated literature to put this case in perspective and explain its atypical features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 40-year-old woman was referred because of uncontrolled diabetes and dyslipidemia, despite receiving a total daily dose of insulin of 300 U and combination therapy with a statin and a fibrate. On examination, the patient was found to have substantial central and abdominal fat deposition in conjunction with slender arms and legs. The addition of pioglitazone to her therapeutic regimen resulted in a dramatic improvement in glycemic control and in the dyslipidemia. During approximately a 2-year period, the patient's insulin dose was decreased and was ultimately discontinued. Considerable increases in weight and in waist circumference were observed during this period. Sequencing of candidate genes known to be associated with familial partial lipodystrophy, acquired partial lipodystrophy, and generalized lipodystrophy showed no genetic abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of significant visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat deposition, in association with scant fat tissue in the extremities. Her weight decreased after discontinuation of the insulin therapy and institution of dietary counseling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thiazolidinediones have been shown to be efficacious in syndromic lipodystrophies, such as familial partial lipodystrophy subtype 2. We report that these pharmaceutical agents may also help improve metabolic variables in atypical lipodystrophy syndromes with no obvious molecular basis. A pronounced weight gain might result from synergism between thiazolidinediones and insulin promoting adipogenesis, which diminished somewhat after discontinuation of insulin therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Gina G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Sleilati
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leff
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bonnett
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hegele
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002995:Clofibric Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D052496:Lipodystrophy, Familial Partial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D002995:Clofibric Acid; D000077205:Pioglitazone