title: Type 1 diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia reveal the contribution of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor to endothelium-dependent relaxation of the rat aorta.
abstract: 1. The present study evaluated the effect of diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia and their combination on the contribution of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) to relaxation of rat isolated aortic rings and the potential contribution of oxidant stress to the disturbance of endothelial function. 2. Thoracic aortic rings from control, diabetic, hypercholesterolaemic and diabetic plus hypercholesterolaemic rats were suspended in organ baths for tension recording. Generation of superoxide by the aorta was measured using lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. 3. The maximal response to acetylcholine (ACh) was significantly reduced in diabetic or hypercholesterolaemic rats compared with control rats. In rats with diabetes plus hypercholesterolaemia, both the sensitivity and maximal response to ACh was impaired. In control rats, the response to ACh was abolished by the NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) or inhibition of soluble guanylate cyclase with 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). In contrast, in rats with diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia or both, relaxation to ACh was resistant to inhibition by L-NNA or ODQ, but abolished by additional inhibition of K(Ca) channels with charybdotoxin plus apamin. 4. The generation of superoxide was not significantly enhanced in aortic rings from either diabetic or hypercholesterolaemic rats, but was significantly increased in aortic rings from rats with diabetes plus hypercholesterolaemia. 5. These results suggest that when diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia impair endothelium-dependent relaxation, due to a diminished contribution from NO, a compensatory contribution of EDHF to endothelium-dependent relaxation of the aorta is revealed. The attenuation of NO-mediated relaxation, at least in the presence of both diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia, is associated with enhanced superoxide generation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wachirawadee
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Malakul
authors.forename: Suwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thirawarapan
authors.forename: Wisuda
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Suvitayavat
authors.forename: Owen L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Woodman
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001030:Apamin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D018999:Charybdotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000071756:Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C095284:1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one; D001685:Biological Factors; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010069:Oxadiazoles; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated; D011810:Quinoxalines; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C067410:endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor; D013481:Superoxides; D018999:Charybdotoxin; D009599:Nitroprusside; D019335:Nitroarginine; D001030:Apamin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002784:Cholesterol; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D000071756:Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase; D000109:Acetylcholine; D007213:Indomethacin