title: Predictors of endoscopic and laboratory evaluation of iron deficiency anemia in hospitalized patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many hospitalized anemic patients do not undergo appropriate evaluation. We hypothesized that specific clinical variables were likely to be important in triggering evaluation for iron deficiency anemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively identified 637 consecutive anemic patients without acute gastrointestinal bleeding admitted over a three-month period to medical inpatient teams of two teaching hospitals and examined clinical variables that predicted diagnostic evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum ferritin or serum transferrin saturation (TS) were measured in 43% (271/637) of subjects and were low in 38% (102/271). Predictors of serum ferritin or TS measurement included low hemoglobin concentration and a history of iron supplementation. Predictors of iron deficiency included low hemoglobin concentration (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.06-3.5) and low mean cell volume (OR 4.6, 95% CI 2.5-8.6). Of 102 patients with iron deficiency anemia, 31% underwent endoscopic evaluation, and 39% had serious gastrointestinal lesions. The only significant predictor of having an endoscopic evaluation was a positive fecal occult blood test (FOBT) (OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.7-16.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with anemia, tests to ascertain iron status are not appropriately performed in hospitalized patients. Patients found to have iron deficiency anemia who are FOBT-positive undergo endoscopic evaluation more frequently than FOBT-negative patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: George N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Ioannou
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.forename: Don C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rockey
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D004909:Erythrocyte Indices; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005544:Forecasting; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009780:Occult Blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014168:Transferrin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D014168:Transferrin; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron