title: Large-scale stopping and switching treatment with COX-2 inhibitors after the rofecoxib withdrawal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare treatment changes after the rofecoxib withdrawal with changes occurring normally and to re-assess 12 months afterwards.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PHARMO database comprised medication and hospital discharge records of over 3 million inhabitants in the Netherlands. The Study cohort included chronic coxib users with a coxib prescription on 30th September 2004; the Reference cohort others with a coxib prescription on 1st June 2004. Initial treatment changes were based on first new prescription since cohort entry. Twelve-month changes were studied within the Study cohort only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Study cohort (n = 6974) and Reference cohort (n = 5393) had similar demographics, stratified on type of coxib. In the Study cohort, 3341 (48%) initially stopped coxibs, of whom 1121 (16%) stopped all analgesic, versus 13 and 5% in the Reference cohort (p < 0.001). Among 'other coxib' users 32% stopped coxibs, and 15% stopped all analgesics, versus 14% and 4%, p < 0.001 in the Reference cohort. Among those who stopped coxibs, 34% switched to non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (nsNSAID) without PPI, 21% to nsNSAID with PPI, and 45% stopped NSAID treatment (Reference cohort: 35, 20, and 44%, respectively). These rates for 'other coxib users' were: switching to nsNSAID without PPI 23% (Study Cohort) versus 35% (Reference Cohort), 13 versus 28%, and 64 versus 37% respectively (p < 0.001). Twelve months later, stopping NSAID increased to 43%, stopping all analgesics to 32%. Rheumatologists continued coxibs more frequently than other caregivers (87, 65, 54%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rofecoxib withdrawal resulted in a large proportion of patients who discontinued analgesic treatment altogether regardless of original coxib therapy.
authors.affiliation: PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcome Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands. myrthe.sukel@pharmo.nl
authors.forename: Myrthe P P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Sukel
authors.forename: Michiel W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: van der Linden
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Joëlle A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Erkens
authors.forename: Ron M C
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Herings
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D015331:Cohort Studies; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016208:Databases, Factual; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D004335:Drug and Narcotic Control; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007783:Lactones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D013450:Sulfones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D007783:Lactones; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D013450:Sulfones; C116926:rofecoxib