title: Fermentative production of hydrogen from a wheat flour industry co-product.
abstract: The global flour industry produces 96 million ton/year of wheatfeed, which is mainly used for animal feed. This co-product is high in carbohydrates and potentially a significant substrate for biohydrogen production. A 10 l bioreactor, inoculated with sewage sludge, was operated on wheatfeed (10 g l(-1)) at pH 5.5 and 35 degrees C in batch and semi-continuous mode (15 h hydraulic retention time (HRT)). Wheatfeed hydrolysate was also investigated in continuous mode (15 h HRT). NaOH-H2O2 treatment of 25 g l(-1) wheatfeed resulted in hydrolysate containing on average 8.1 g l(-1) total sugar. Hydrogen yields of 64 and 56 m3 H(2) per ton dry weight were produced from wheatfeed in batch and 56 m3 H2 per ton dry weight of wheatfeed in semi-continuous mode. Hydrogen yields from hydrolysate were only 22 and 31 m3 H2 per ton dry weight, (or 0.9 mol H2 per mol hexose degraded, assuming all sugar is hexose). Fermentation of unhydrolysed wheatfeed is therefore recommended. It is calculated that approximately 264 m3/ton of CH4 can be produced from a subsequent anaerobic digestion stage. The biohydrogen produced (diesel equivalents) from the 1.2 million ton/year of wheatfeed in the UK would be more than twice that required for transportation by the UK flour industry.
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Environment Research Centre, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, Mid Glamorgan CF37 1DL, UK. frhawkes@glam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Freda R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Hawkes
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Forsey
authors.forename: Giuliano C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Premier
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Dinsdale
authors.forename: Dennis L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hawkes
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Guwy
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maddy
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cherryman
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shine
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Auty
mesh_terms: D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005285:Fermentation; D005433:Flour; D005525:Food-Processing Industry; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014908:Triticum / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D007220:Industrial Waste; D006859:Hydrogen; D008697:Methane