title: Assessing the origin and fate of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and V in industrial polluted soil by combined microspectroscopic techniques and bulk extraction methods.
abstract: The major geochemical forms of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and V in a soil from an industrial polluted site in the south of Italy were determined by means of synchrotron X-ray microanalytical techniques such as coupled micro-X-ray fluorescence/micro-X-ray diffraction and micro-X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy in combination with bulk extraction methods (sequential extraction procedures, EDTA extractions, and toxicity leaching characteristic procedure tests). Cr, Ni, Zn, and Cu were found in spinel-type geochemical forms (chromite, trevorite, franklinite, zincochromite, and cuprospinel) and often in association with magnetite and hematite. Vwas mainly present as V(V) associated with iron-oxides or in the form of volborthite [Cu3(OH)2V2O7.2H2O]. Pb was speciated as minium (Pb3O4), lanarkite [Pb2O(SO4)], and, in association with Cr(VI), as crocoite (PbCrO4). In general, despite a high total concentration, metals appear to be speciated for the most part as rather insoluble geochemical forms. However, particular attention should be paid to Zn, Cu, V, and Pb that show non-negligible mobilizable fractions. On the basis of the geochemical forms identified, among others, two major former industrial activities were tentatively ascribed as being responsible for the observed major pollution: polyvinyl chloride and cement-asbestos productions.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biologia e Chimica Agro-forestale ed Ambientale, Via Amendola 165/A, 1-70126, University of Bari, Bari, Italy. r.terzano@agr.uniba.it
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Terzano
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spagnuolo
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vekemans
authors.forename: Wout
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: De Nolf
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Janssens
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Falkenberg
authors.forename: Saverio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fiore
authors.forename: Pacifico
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruggiero
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants