title: [Benzo (a) pyrene-induced human embryo lung cell cycle alterations through positive regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathways].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) on the cell cycle distribution and activities of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal molecules (ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38) in human embryo lung cells (HELF), and to investigate the relationship between alterations of MAPK protein phosphorylation and the cell cycle distributions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The phosphorylation of MAPK were induced by exposing HELF cells to BaP at 0.1, 0.5, 2.5 and 12.5 micromol/L. The phosphorylation and protein expression levels of ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 were determined through western-blotting assay. And the flow cytometry assay was used to measure the cell cycle effects in HELF cells after treatment with 2.5 micromol/L BaP for 24 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 were significantly increased through BaP exposure. In addition, the phosphorylation of these three MAPKs has similar alteration pattern. We found that exposure of cells to 2.5 microM of BaP for 24 h resulted in a decrease of G(0) and G(1) population by 11.9% (F = 41.38, P < 0.01) and an increase of S population by 17.2% (F = 68.13, P < 0.01). Three chemical inhibitors of MAPK (AG126, SP600125 and SB203580) could significantly inhibit the cell cycle alteration because of BaP treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 could positively regulate the BaP independently induced cell cycle alterations.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Hong-ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: DU
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Bing-ci
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiang-lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Chuan-shu
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Fu-hai
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Bao-rong
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: You
mesh_terms: D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000633:toxicity*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D048056:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; D048056:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4