title: Effects of 4-hydroxynonenal on mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG-CoA) synthase.
abstract: Chronic ethanol consumption causes increased production of reactive oxygen species in hepatic mitochondria accompanied by elevations in products of lipid peroxidation such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). In the current study we investigated the effects of chronic ethanol consumption on a prominent protein-4-HNE adduct in liver mitochondria. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a liquid diet for 31 days in which ethanol constituted 36% of total calories. Immunoblot analyses of liver mitochondria from ethanol-fed and control animals, using an antibody to a 4-HNE-protein adduct, demonstrated elevated 4-HNE binding (+50%) to a mitochondrial protein of approximately 55 kDa due to chronic ethanol consumption. Analysis of this protein using AspN digestion and tandem mass spectrometry identified it as the mitochondrial form of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase. Activity of the activated form of this enzyme was unchanged in livers from ethanol-fed animals, but the protein level was elevated by 36%, which suggests a compensatory mechanism to maintain constant levels of synthase activity in the mitochondrion in the face of continuous inactivation by 4-HNE. Treatment of isolated mitochondria with 4-HNE demonstrated that the enzyme activity decreased as a function of 4-HNE concentration and with time of exposure. This study demonstrates that ethanol consumption increases the formation of a 4-HNE adduct with mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase, which has the potential to inactivate the enzyme in situ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK.
authors.forename: Vinood B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Christina H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: Tracey A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Mark O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Lively
authors.forename: Carol C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006904:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D000431:Ethanol; D006904:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal