title: Analysis of moniliformin in maize plants using hydrophilic interaction chromatography.
abstract: A novel HPLC method was developed for detection of the Fusarium mycotoxin, moniliformin in whole maize plants. The method is based on hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) on a ZIC zwitterion column combined with diode array detection and negative electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI(-)-MS). Samples were extracted using acetonitrile-water (85:15), and the extracts were cleaned up on strong anion exchange columns. By this procedure we obtained a recovery rate of 57-74% moniliformin with a limit of detection at 48 ng/g and a limit of quantification at 96 ng/g using UV detection at 229 nm, which is comparable to current methods used. Limit of detection and quantification using ESI(-)-MS detection was 1 and 12 ng/g, respectively. Screening of maize samples infected with the moniliformin producing fungi F. avenaceum, F. tricinctum, or F. subglutinans detected moniliformin levels of 1-12 ng/g in 15 of 28 samples using ESI(-)-MS detection. To our knowledge this is the first example of HILIC separation in mycotoxin analysis.
authors.affiliation: Center for Microbial Biotechnology, BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Building 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens Laurids
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: Kristian Fog
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Thrane
mesh_terms: D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003503:Cyclobutanes / Q000032:analysis*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D003503:Cyclobutanes; C008539:moniliformin