title: Doppler ultrasonography imaging of hemodynamic alteration of retrobulbar circulation in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents without retinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate the retrobulbar blood circulation using Colour Doppler Imaging (CDI) in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents who had no diabetic retinopathy and to compare the results with their healthy peers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus with no retinopathy on fundoscopic examination were included in the study. Forty-nine healthy children were defined as the control group. Central retinal artery (CRA), ophthalmic artery (OA) and posterior ciliary artery (PCA) were examined with Doppler US bilaterally. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive indices (RI) for each artery were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood flow velocity of the OA was significantly different in diabetic patients (p<0.05). EDV of the OA was significantly higher (p=0.011) and RI was significantly lower (p=0.027) in patients with diabetes duration of longer than 5 years. RI of the CRA was significantly higher in patients who had higher microalbuminuria levels (p=0.016).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EDV of the OA increases and RI of the OA decreases in diabetes duration longer 5 years. Raised AER increases RI of the CRA. These findings may be the initial changes in the arterial circulation before vascular rigidity develops.
authors.affiliation: Celal Bayar University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Manisa, Turkey. gulgun.yilmaz@bayar.edu.tr
authors.forename: Gulgun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yilmaz Ovali
authors.forename: Betul
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ersoy
authors.forename: Ozum
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tuncyurek
authors.forename: Vildan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Urk
authors.forename: Mine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozkol
authors.forename: Bayram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ozhan
authors.forename: Esin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baser
authors.forename: Yuksel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pabuscu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D012016:Reference Values; D012161:Retinal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012169:Retinal Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler