title: Leptin activates hypothalamic acetyl-CoA carboxylase to inhibit food intake.
abstract: Hypothalamic fatty acid metabolism has recently been implicated in the controls of food intake and energy homeostasis. We report that intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of leptin, concomitant with inhibiting AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), activates acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), the key regulatory enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis, in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the hypothalamus. Arc overexpression of constitutively active AMPK prevents the Arc ACC activation in response to ICV leptin, supporting the hypothesis that AMPK lies upstream of ACC in leptin's Arc intracellular signaling pathway. Inhibiting hypothalamic ACC with 5-tetradecyloxy-2-furoic acid, a specific ACC inhibitor, blocks leptin-mediated decreases in food intake, body weight, and mRNA level of the orexigenic neuropeptide NPY. These results show that hypothalamic ACC activation makes an important contribution to leptin's anorectic effects. Furthermore, we find that ICV leptin up-regulates the level of malonyl-CoA (the intermediate of fatty acid biosynthesis) specifically in the Arc and increases the level of palmitoyl-CoA (a major product of fatty acid biosynthesis) specifically in the PVN. The rises of both levels are blocked by 5-tetradecyloxy-2-furoic acid along with the blockade of leptin-mediated hypophagia. These data suggest malonyl-CoA as a downstream mediator of ACC in leptin's signaling pathway in the Arc and imply that palmitoyl-CoA, instead of malonyl-CoA, could be an effector in relaying ACC signaling in the PVN. Together, these findings highlight site-specific impacts of hypothalamic ACC activation in leptin's anorectic signaling cascade.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. sgao@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Kimberly P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Kinzig
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aja
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Keung
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Strynadka
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chohnan
authors.forename: Wanli W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Kellie L K
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tamashiro
authors.forename: Ellen E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Ladenheim
authors.forename: Gabriele V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Ronnett
authors.forename: Yajun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Morris J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Birnbaum
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Lopaschuk
authors.forename: Timothy H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Moran
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D020738:Leptin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020738:Leptin; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase