title: Clinical usefulness of gastric-juice analysis in 2007: the stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastric juice is usually discarded during upper-GI endoscopy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  By using a novel device, the Mt 21-42, we evaluated the potential of this important organic fluid in clinical practice, exploring its contribution to the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and atrophic gastritis of the oxyntic mucosa (AGOM).
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter study (17,907 patients; 10 endoscopy units) estimated the frequency of diagnosis of AGOM and H pylori infection in routine endoscopic practice. A prospective study (216 patients) at 1 of these units aimed to determine the real prevalence of these conditions and the possible benefits of gastric juice analysis. We considered gastric juice pH and ammonium concentration, endoscopic and histologic features, serologic parameters for atrophy and H pylori, gastric acid secretion, and costs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that H pylori infection and, even more markedly, AGOM were greatly underdiagnosed in routine endoscopic practice (20.1% and 0.8% vs 49.1% and 12.5% in the prospective study, respectively), because of the intrinsic limitations of the conventional tests and lack/inappropriateness of biopsy planning. Gastric-juice analysis proved to be a cheap, simple, and effective way to prevent such underdiagnosis and allowed detection of atrophic gastritis and H pylori in 96% and 98% of cases, and saved costs (cost-effectiveness ratio 209 vs 274-5047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastric juice provided a valuable source of clinicopathologic information that, properly analyzed, allowed detection of the main risk factors for gastric cancer (H pylori and atrophic gastritis), overcoming the diagnostic limitations associated with these conditions and also producing time and cost savings.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Unit of Castel S. Pietro Terme Hospital, University of Bologna, AUSL of Imola, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tucci
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bisceglia
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rugge
authors.forename: Primiano
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tucci
authors.forename: Attilio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marchegiani
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Papadopoli
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spada
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villani
authors.forename: Gianmaria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pennelli
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fusaroli
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caravelli
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cennamo
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cianci
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Fanis
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fabbri
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feliciangeli
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gizzi
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spadaccini
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caletti
mesh_terms: D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003938:Diagnostic Techniques, Digestive System / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D005260:Female; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000737:chemistry*; D005757:Gastritis, Atrophic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds