Organic carbon and elemental carbon in Asia: a review from 1996 to 2006.
The principal sources of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) are anthropogenic or biogenic, whereas secondary sources are atmospheric oxidation processes of specific precursor gases. These compounds are considered atmospheric contaminants and adversely affect human health. Numerous studies have monitored atmospheric particulates and gaseous phases of OC and EC in Asia over the last decade. This work compares and analyzes different sample collection, pretreatment and analytical approaches. The principal carbonaceous sources are traffic exhaust and industrial emissions. The OC and EC concentrations are highest in high traffic areas, followed by urban sites, and lowest in suburban sites. Many characteristics of these sites, such a dense population, are important to research. The major OC to EC ratios in Asia cities were 1.0-3.0. This work elucidates the characteristics, sources, distributions, and characteristics of atmospheric carbonaceous species in Asia.
Fang
Guor-Cheng
GC
Department of Environmental Engineering, HungKung University, Sha-Lu, Taichung 433, Taiwan. gcfang@sunrise.hk.edu.tw
Wu
Yuh-Shen
YS
Chou
Te-Yen
TY
Lee
Chen-Zheng
CZ
D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005740:Gases; D007564:Japan; D007723:Korea; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013624:Taiwan
D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D005740:Gases; D052638:Particulate Matter; D002244:Carbon