title: Methotrexate, etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatin (MVIP): An effective salvage therapy for patients with refractory or relapsed germ-cell tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the efficacy and toxicity of a combination of methotrexate, etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatin (MVIP) in patients with germ-cell tumors (GCTs) refractory to or relapsed after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1989 and 2001 22 male patients with GCTs refractory (n=7) or relapsed (n=15) after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy entered prospectively the study. Their median age was 29 years. Methotrexate 250 mg/m(2) as 4-hour infusion plus folinic acid were administered on day 1. On day 3 cisplatin 100 mg/m(2) with pre and posthydration was given as 30-min infusion; and ifosfamide 5 g/m(2) with mesna as 24-hour infusion. Etoposide 100 mg/m(2)/day as 1-hour infusion was administered on days 3-5. Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) was administered either therapeutically (grade 3-4 neutropenia-/+antibiotics) or prophylactically (nadir grade 3-4 neutropenia in the previous chemotherapy cycle).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were evaluable for response, toxicity and survival. A total of 95 cycles (median 4 cycles per patient) of MVIP were administered. Fourteen (63.6%) patient achieved complete response (CR), and 8 (36.4%) were treatment failures. Long-term disease-free survival (DFS) with MVIP was achieved in 11 out of 14 (78.6%) CR patients or 50% of all patients. After a median follow-up period of 55.04(+) months (range 4-147(+) months) overall survival is 59.09%. Good performance status (PS) was the only significant predictor for survival. Toxicity was easily manageable with no deaths or therapy delays.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MVIP conventional chemotherapy proved particularly effective in terms of CR rate, overall survival and long-term DFS in this very poor prognosis patient population. Toxicity was tolerable. The results obtained are equal or even superior compared with those taken by more intensive regimens, including high-dose chemotherapy. MVIP justifies further studies in patients with refractory/ relapsed GCTs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology A, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Potamianou
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ziras
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bountouroglou
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varthalitis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karvounis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pectasidis
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Athanassiou