title: Phase 1 study of the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid [SAHA]) in patients with advanced leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes.
abstract: Vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor active clinically in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and preclinically in leukemia. A phase 1 study was conducted to evaluate the safety and activity of oral vorinostat 100 to 300 mg twice or thrice daily for 14 days followed by 1-week rest. Patients with relapsed or refractory leukemias or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and untreated patients who were not candidates for chemotherapy were eligible. Of 41 patients, 31 had acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 4 chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 3 MDS, 2 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and 1 chronic myelocytic leukemia. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 200 mg twice daily or 250 mg thrice daily. Dose-limiting toxicities were fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Common drug-related adverse experiences were diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, and anorexia and were mild/moderate in severity. Grade 3/4 drug-related adverse experiences included fatigue (27%), thrombocytopenia (12%), and diarrhea (10%). There were no drug-related deaths; 7 patients had hematologic improvement response, including 2 complete responses and 2 complete responses with incomplete blood count recovery (all with AML treated at/below MTD). Increased histone acetylation was observed at all doses. Antioxidant gene expression may confer vorinostat resistance. Further evaluation of vorinostat in AML/MDS is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ggarciam@manderson.org
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garcia-Manero
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bueso-Ramos
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrajoli
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cortes
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Wierda
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faderl
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koller
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rosner
authors.forename: Andrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loboda
authors.forename: Valeria R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Fantin
authors.forename: Sophia S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Randolph
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hardwick
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Justin L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ricker
authors.forename: J Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Secrist
authors.forename: Victoria M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Richon
authors.forename: Stanley R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Frankel
authors.forename: Hagop M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kantarjian
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017321:Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007938:Leukemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D000077337:Vorinostat
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D000077337:Vorinostat; D006655:Histone Deacetylases