title: Determination of clozapine and its metabolite, norclozapine in various biological matrices using high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and validate an HPLC method for the quantitation of clozapine and its metabolite, norclozapine in human plasma, rat plasma, and the various human plasma lipoprotein fractions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using liquid-liquid extraction, clozapine, and norclozapine are extracted from the biological matrix with MTBE. After concentration, the residue was reconstituted in 1mM HCl and injected on to a C6 Phenyl column (3 microm, 2.0 x 150 mm). Mobile phase was 10 mM ammonium acetate, pH 5--acetonitrile--methanol (5:3:2, v/v/v). Loxapine served as the internal standard. Absorbance was measured at 254 nm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quantitation limits for clozapine and norclozapine was 100 ng/mL and 50 ng/mL, respectively. Recovery for both clozapine and norclozapine was near 100%. Percent accuracy for intraday variability in human plasma, rat plasma, and human TRL, HDL, LDL, and LPDP lipoprotein fraction was between 92 to 113% for both analytes. Intraday precision for the same matrices was less than 9% CV for both analytes. Percent accuracy and precision for interday variability in human plasma was 97 to 103% and less than 10% CV, respectively. Samples were stabile in the autosampler for 80 h at 10 degrees C and on the benchtop for 2 h. It should be noted, Clozapine-N-oxide, which is a known metabolite of Clozapine, was not determined since it is not clinically active.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method is a simple, fast and robust HPLC assay for the determination of clozapine and norclozapine in various matrices and lipoprotein fractions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Micheal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosland
authors.forename: Priscilla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szeto
authors.forename: Ric
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Procyshyn
authors.forename: Alasdair M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Kishor M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wasan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003024:Clozapine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D011786:Quality Control; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: C058272:norclozapine; D003024:Clozapine