title: Three-component adsorption modeling to evaluate and improve integrated sorption-membrane processes.
abstract: Integrated sorption-membrane (ISM) processes combining low-pressure membranes with adsorbents are increasingly popular because they cost-effectively expand low-pressure membrane treatment to include dissolved contaminant removal. However, contemporary ISM processes often exhibit antagonistic tradeoffs between adsorption and membrane performance that were investigated using state-of-the-art adsorption models that include both of the predominant competitive effects of natural organic matter: direct site competition and pore blockage. Two currently used ISM process configurations, powdered activated carbon-ultrafiltration (PAC-UF) and adsorptive floc blanket reactor-ultrafiltration (FBR-UF), were compared with a novel configuration, upflow adsorption-ultrafiltration (UA-UF), which consists of a moving-bed of granular activated carbon upstream of a membrane. Model simulations quantitatively compared performance and evaluated potential improvements for each configuration. For instance, using contemporary PAC-UF practices and 90% atrazine removal as a baseline, alternative membrane backwashing procedures can lower carbon usage rates (CURs) by 75% but may also reduce membrane hydraulic performance. Using the same baseline, FBR-UF can reduce CURs by 92% while simultaneously improving membrane performance via pretreatment; however, process size increases 10-fold. The novel UA-UF configuration only increases process size modestly, but can still yield CURs 96% lower than the PAC-UF baseline while simultaneously providing beneficial membrane pretreatment and improving sustainability features by reducing residuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, University of Illinois, 205 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Lance C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Schideman
authors.forename: Benito J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Mariñas
authors.forename: Vernon L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Snoeyink
authors.forename: Shaoying
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campos
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000465:Algorithms; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002606:Charcoal