title: Clinical presentation and outcome of bladder schistosoma-unrelated squamous cell carcinoma: report on 33 consecutive cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pure squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare entity in Western countries. The management of SCC still remains similar to that of transitional carcinoma, although it is a different entity. A retrospective review is helpful in understanding the epidemiologic aspects, pathogenesis, and treatment and prognosis of schistosoma-unrelated SCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1987 and 2002, 30 men and 3 women had been treated for pure SCC of the bladder, not related to bilharzias.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of patients was 59 years (range, 29-83 years). They constitute 1.2% of all bladder tumors. At presentation, 2 patients had a distant metastasis. Eleven patients (34%) had a bladder stone with recurrent urinary tract infection; they had been treated since age 6-17 years. Twenty-one patients underwent radical cystectomy, followed by chemotherapy in 2 cases. At a mean follow-up of 5 years, 14 patients (66.6%) died of locoregional disease, with associated metastasis in 5 cases. Seven patients (33.3%) are alive without any evidence of disease. The survival rate was correlated with tumor stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The unrelated SCC has an unfavorable prognosis, mostly caused by the locally advanced disease at the time of presentation. Distant metastases are not rare. The transfer of novel chemotherapy regimens and preoperative radiation therapy should be considered because pelvic recurrences are the leading cause of progression in SCC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Ben Slama Mohamed
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Riadh
authors.forename: Rabii
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: El Atat
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sfaxi
authors.forename: Amine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Derouiche
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kourda
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chebil
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D015653:Cystectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012548:Schistosoma haematobium / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012553:Schistosomiasis haematobia / Q000469:parasitology*; D001744:Urinary Bladder Calculi / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000601:surgery; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery