title: Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in the urinary bladder with radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.
abstract: Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to the urinary bladder is very rare. We present the case of a 58-year-old female patient who was diagnosed to have both HCC and cervical cancer. She developed hemorrhagic cystitis 2 years after radiation therapy for cervical cancer. During endoscopic electrocauterization for hemorrhagic cystitis, three small reddish tumors measuring less than 1 cm in diameter and with a raspberry-like appearance were found. Transurethral bladder tumor resection was performed. Pathology confirmed metastatic HCC to the bladder. Due to the similar appearance, these tumors are liable to be misinterpreted as engorged vessels secondary to irradiation if biopsies are not taken. Differential diagnosis by pathology is mandatory for such patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, Ban Ciao, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shiu-Dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Chen-Hsun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Shun-Fa
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Huai-Ching
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Hong-Jeng
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Kuo-How
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology*; D003556:Cystitis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy