title: Essential hypertension and hypermetropia: is there really an association?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between hypermetropia and systemic hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed on 2 groups of participants (a total of 1,162 participants). Group 1 comprised 370 patients with arterial hypertension and 205 age- and sex-matched normotensive subjects. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure >or=140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure >or=90 mm Hg. Spherical equivalents between -0.50 and +0.50 dpt were regarded as emmetropia. Keratometry, anterior chamber depth (ACD) and axial length (AL) were measured with IOL Master (Zeiss, USA). Group 2 comprised 124 myopic, 206 emmetropic and 257 hypermetropic subjects. Differences for mean spherical equivalent, keratometry, ACD and AL measurements between hypertensive patients and control subjects (group 1) were compared using independent-sample t test and Mann-Whitney U test, and distributions of refractions were compared with the chi(2) test. Distributions of hypertensive and normotensive subjects (group 2) among myopic, emmetropic and hypermetropic subjects were compared with the chi(2) test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean spherical equivalents of the patients with hypertension and of control subjects were -0.03 +/- 1.63 and 0.22 +/- 1.82 dpt, respectively (p = 0.182). The differences for keratometric values, ACD and AL were not significant (p = 0.151, 0.692 and 0.548, respectively). There was also no significant difference (p = 0.143) for hypertension ratios among myopic (66.1%), emmetropic (57.8%) and hypermetropic (55.6%) subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no association between systemic arterial hypertension and hypermetropia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey. fgundogan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Fatih C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Gundogan
authors.forename: Fatih M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Mutlu
authors.forename: Ergun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bozoglu
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kilic
authors.forename: Hurkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kerimoglu
authors.forename: Devrim
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deniz
authors.forename: Satilmis
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inal
authors.forename: Gungor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sobaci
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence