Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
Recent studies have identified a role for mutations in the connection and RNase H domains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) resistance to nucleoside analog RT inhibitors (NRTI). To provide insight into the biochemical mechanism(s) involved, we investigated the effect of the G333D mutation in the connection domain of RT on resistance to zidovudine (AZT) and lamivudine (3TC) in enzymes that contain both M184V and thymidine analog mutations (TAMs; M41L, L210W, and T215Y). Our results from steady-state kinetic, pre-steady-state kinetic, and thermodynamic analyses indicate that G333D facilitates dual resistance to AZT and 3TC in two ways. First, in combination with M184V, G333D increased the ability of HIV-1 RT to effectively discriminate between the normal substrate dCTP and 3TC-triphosphate. Second, G333D enhanced the ability of RT containing TAMs and M184V to bind template/primer terminated by AZT-monophosphate (AZT-MP), thereby restoring ATP-mediated excision of AZT-MP under steady-state assay conditions. This study is the first to elucidate a molecular mechanism whereby a mutation in the connection domain of RT can affect NRTI susceptibility at the enzyme level.
Zelina
Shannon
S
Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, S817 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
Sheen
Chih-Wei
CW
Radzio
Jessica
J
Mellors
John W
JW
Sluis-Cremer
Nicolas
N
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009154:Mutation; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013816:Thermodynamics; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019259:Lamivudine; D015215:Zidovudine; C514824:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase