title: Waist circumference does not predict circulating adiponectin levels in sub-Saharan women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because of previously reported ethnic differences in determinants and markers of obesity and related metabolic disorders, we sought to investigate circulating levels of adiponectin and their correlates in a sub-Saharan African (sSA) population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 70 non-diabetic volunteers (33M/37F) living in Yaoundé, Cameroon, aged 24-69 yr, with BMI 20-42 kg/m2. In all participants we measured waist circumference and total body fat by bioimpedance, and obtained a fasting venous blood sample for measurement of plasma glucose, serum insulin and adiponectin concentrations. We performed a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp in 1/4 subjects, and HOMAIR was used as surrogate of fasting insulin sensitivity index since it best correlates to clamp measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Males had lower adiponectin levels than females (8.8 +/- 4.3 vs. 11.8 +/- 5.5 microg/L). There was no significant correlation between adiponectin and total body fat (rs = -0.03; NS), whereas adiponectin was inversely correlated with waist circumference (rs = -0.39; p = 0.001). Adiponectin correlated negatively with insulin resistance (rs = -0.35; p = 0.01). In a regression analysis using fasting adiponectin concentration as the dependent variable, and age, HOMAIR, waist circumference, and fat mass as predictors, waist circumference (beta = -3.30; p = 0.002), fat mass (beta = -2.68; p = 0.01), and insulin resistance (beta = -2.38; p = 0.02) but not age (beta = 1.11; p = 0.27) were independent predictors of adiponectin. When considering gender, these relations persisted with the exception of waist circumference in females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adiponectin correlates in this study population are comparable to those observed in Caucasians with the exception of waist circumference in women. The metabolic significance of waist circumference is therefore questioned in sSA women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon. eugene.sobngwi@newcastle.ac.uk
authors.forename: Eugène
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sobngwi
authors.forename: Valery
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Effoe
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boudou
authors.forename: Dieudonné
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Njamen
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Gautier
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mbanya
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D017954:Africa South of the Sahara; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose