title: Evaluation of purinergic mechanism for the treatment of voiding dysfunction: a study in conscious spinal cord-injured rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the effect of a selective P2X(3-)P2X(2/3) purinergic receptor antagonist (a-317491) on detrusor hyperreflexia in conscious chronic spinal cord-injured female rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six chronic spinal cord-transected female Sprague-Dawley rats (290-336 g) were used in this study. Spinal transection at the T8-T9 segmental level was performed using aseptic techniques under halothane anesthesia. Fourteen to 16 weeks after spinal transection, A-317491, a selective P2X(3-)P2X(2/3) purinergic receptor antagonist, was administered intravenously in cystometry studies at increasing doses of 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10 and 30 micromol/kg at 40-50 minute intervals. Cystometrograms (CMGs) were performed before and after the administration of each dose of the drug.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The continuous filling of CMGs revealed a large number of small-amplitude (> 8 cmH(2)O), non-voiding contractions (NVCs) (average, 9.7 per voiding cycle) preceding voiding contractions (mean amplitude, 31 cmH(2)O; duration, 2.5 minutes), which occurred at an interval of 539 seconds and at a pressure threshold of 5.7 cmH(2)O. When tested in a range of doses (0.03-30 micromol/kg, intravenous), A-317491 in doses between 1 and 30 micromol/kg significantly (p < 0.05) increased the interval between voids by 25%, reduced the number of NVCs by 42-62%, and increased the pressure threshold for voiding by 53-73%, but did not change the amplitude of the duration of the voiding contractions. The effects of the drug were apparent within 10 minutes following administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that purinergic mechanisms, presumably involving P2X(3) or P2X(2/3) receptors on bladder C-fiber afferent nerves, play an important role in the detrusor hyperreflexia that occurs after spinal cord injury in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. shlu7@yahoo.com.tw
authors.forename: Shing-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: William C de
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Groat
authors.forename: Alex T L
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Kuang-Kuo
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Luke S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D058476:Receptors, Purinergic P2X2; D058477:Receptors, Purinergic P2X3; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: C470346:A-317491; D010636:Phenols; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D058476:Receptors, Purinergic P2X2; D058477:Receptors, Purinergic P2X3