title: Simulation of the generation and processing of Doppler ultrasound fetal heart signals to obtain directional motion information.
abstract: In fetal heart monitoring using Doppler ultrasound signals the cardiac information is commonly extracted from non-directional signals. As a consequence often some of the cardiac events cannot be observed clearly which may lead to the incorrect detection of the valve and wall motions. Here, directional signals were simulated to investigate their enhancement of cardiac events, and hence provide clearer information regarding the cardiac activities. First, fetal Doppler ultrasound signals were simulated with signals encoding forward and reverse motion then obtained using a pilot frequency. The simulation results demonstrate that the model has the ability to produce realistic Doppler ultrasound signals and a pilot frequency can be used in the mixing process to produce directional signals that allow the simulated cardiac events to be distinguished clearly and correctly.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mansor
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woolfson
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Hayes-Gill
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blanchfield
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bister
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*