title: The GID1-mediated gibberellin perception mechanism is conserved in the Lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii but not in the Bryophyte Physcomitrella patens.
abstract: In rice (Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis thaliana, gibberellin (GA) signaling is mediated by GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) and DELLA proteins in collaboration with a GA-specific F-box protein. To explore when plants evolved the ability to perceive GA by the GID1/DELLA pathway, we examined these GA signaling components in the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii and the bryophyte Physcomitrella patens. An in silico search identified several homologs of GID1, DELLA, and GID2, a GA-specific F-box protein in rice, in both species. Sm GID1a and Sm GID1b, GID1 proteins from S. moellendorffii, showed GA binding activity in vitro and interacted with DELLA proteins from S. moellendorffii in a GA-dependent manner in yeast. Introduction of constitutively expressed Sm GID1a, Sm G1D1b, and Sm GID2a transgenes rescued the dwarf phenotype of rice gid1 and gid2 mutants. Furthermore, treatment with GA(4), a major GA in S. moellendorffii, caused downregulation of Sm GID1b, Sm GA20 oxidase, and Sm GA3 oxidase and degradation of the Sm DELLA1 protein. These results demonstrate that the homologs of GID1, DELLA, and GID2 work in a similar manner in S. moellendorffii and in flowering plants. Biochemical studies revealed that Sm GID1s have different GA binding properties from GID1s in flowering plants. No evidence was found for the functional conservation of these genes in P. patens, indicating that GID1/DELLA-mediated GA signaling, if present, differs from that in vascular plants. Our results suggest that GID1/DELLA-mediated GA signaling appeared after the divergence of vascular plants from the moss lineage.
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Ko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
authors.forename: Mikiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: Hongyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanahashi
authors.forename: Mitsuyasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasebe
authors.forename: Jo Ann
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.forename: Motoyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashikari
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.forename: Miyako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueguchi-Tanaka
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019068:Bryopsida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011485:Protein Binding; D032503:Selaginellaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
chemical_list: D005875:Gibberellins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins