title: Individual values, learning routines and academic procrastination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Academic procrastination, the tendency to postpone learning activities, is regarded as a consequence of postmodern values that are prominent in post-industrialized societies. When students strive for leisure goals and have no structured routines for academic tasks, delaying strenuous learning activities becomes probable.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The model tested in this study posits that postmodern value orientations are positively related to procrastination and to a lack of daily routines concerning the performance of academic activities. In contrast, modern values are negatively related to procrastination and positively to learning routines. Academic procrastination, in-turn, should be associated with the tendency to prefer leisure activities to schoolwork in case of conflicts between these two life domains.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven hundred and four students from 6th and 8th grade with a mean age of 13.5 years participated in the study. The sample included students from all tracks of the German educational system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Students completed a questionnaire containing two value prototypes as well as scales on learning routines and procrastination. Decisions in motivational conflicts were measured using two vignettes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results from structural equation modelling supported the proposed model for the whole sample as well as for each school track. A planned course of the day can prevent procrastination and foster decisions for academic tasks in case of conflicts. Students' learning takes place within a societal context and reflects the values held in the respective culture.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hofer
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fries
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D012945:Social Values; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors