title: A multi-Chinese blood center study testing serologic-negative donor samples for hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus with nucleic acid testing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A multi-blood center study was conducted to evaluate a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) multiplex nucleic acid testing (NAT) donor screening test and to determine the residual risk for HIV-1 and HCV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A commercially available HIV-1 and HCV assay (Procleix, Chiron Corp.) was used for simultaneous detection of HIV-1 RNA and HCV RNA on 89,647 unlinked donor samples. NAT was performed with pools of 16 samples that had passed all routine screening tests. Single-donor NAT was performed for samples that had been disqualified by any reactive screening test result(s). Anti-HCV (Ortho third-generation HCV enzyme immunoassay [EIA]), alanine aminotransferase, and HCV NAT (Roche COBAS Amplicor HCV test) confirmatory tests were used for HCV EIA-nonreactive, HCV NAT-reactive samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three HCV NAT yield cases and no HIV-1 yield cases were detected. The yield rate for HCV NAT was 3.4 per 10(5) (95 percent confidence interval [CI], 0.7-9.8). The estimated incidence rate for HCV is 24.2 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI, 3.4-88.0). If minipool NAT is added to routine donor screening, the residual risk for HCV is estimated to be reduced to 1 in 20.4x10(4) (95% CI, 1 in 5.2x10(4)-1 in 165.5x10(4)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The residual risk for transfusion-transmitted HCV infection is still relatively high in China. Incorporating NAT technology into blood donor screening would be estimated to reduce the residual risk of HCV infections eightfold over current EIA screening.
authors.affiliation: Division of Blood Transfusion, HIV Specialty Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA. hshan@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Fu-rong
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Hai-yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yuan-zhi
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Guo-xing
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Fu-zhu
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Guo-jing
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Li-xing
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Chao-fu
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xu-hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Mei-hei-li
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tiemuer
authors.forename: Yuan-quan
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Fa-ming
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: You-rong
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Chang-li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiao-yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Qiu-shuang
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ziermann
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ness
authors.forename: Jing-xing
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001782:Blood Donors; D002681:China; D006678:HIV / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D012306:Risk; D065227:Transfusion Reaction