title: Atypical language in lesional and nonlesional complex partial epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the relationship between partial epilepsy, MRI findings, and atypical language representation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 102 patients (4 to 55 years) with left hemisphere epileptogenic zones were evaluated using three fMRI language tasks obtained at 1.5 or 3T with EPI BOLD techniques: verbal fluency, reading comprehension, and auditory comprehension. fMRI maps were visually interpreted at a standard threshold and rated as left or atypical language.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Atypical language dominance occurred in 30 patients (29%) and varied with MRI type (p < 0.01). Atypical language representation occurred in 36% (13/36) with normal MRI, 21% (6/29) with mesial temporal sclerosis, 14% (4/28) with focal cortical lesions (dysplasia, tumor, vascular malformation), and all (6/6) with a history of stroke. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found handedness, seizure onset, and MRI type accounted for much of the variance in language activation patterns (chi(2) = 24.09, p < 0.01). Atypical language was more prevalent in patients with early seizure onset (43.2%, p < 0.05) and atypical handedness (60%, p < 0.01). None of the three clinical factors were correlated with each other (p > 0.40). Patients with atypical language had lower verbal abilities (F = 6.96, p = 0.01) and a trend toward lower nonverbal abilities (F = 3.58, p = 0.06). There were no differences in rates of atypical language across time, age groups, or MRI scanner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early seizure onset and atypical handedness, as well as the location and nature of pathologic substrate, are important factors in language reorganization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA. wgaillar@cnmc.org
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Gaillard
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Berl
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Ritzl
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Rosenberger
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Conry
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Pearl
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Vezina
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Vaidya
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wiggs
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fratalli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Risse
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Ratner
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gioia
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Theodore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017029:Epilepsy, Complex Partial / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007807:Language Tests; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012660:Semantics; D014705:Verbal Behavior / Q000502:physiology*