title: Evaluation of breast sentinel lymph node coverage by standard radiation therapy fields.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biopsy of the breast sentinel lymph node (SLN) is now a standard staging procedure for early-stage invasive breast cancer. The anatomic location of the breast SLN and its relationship to standard radiation fields has not been described.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of radiotherapy treatment planning data sets was performed in patients with breast cancer who had undergone SLN biopsy, and those with a surgical clip at the SLN biopsy site were identified. The location of the clip was evaluated relative to vertebral body level on an anterior-posterior digitally reconstructed radiograph, treated whole-breast tangential radiation fields, and standard axillary fields in 106 data sets meeting these criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The breast SLN varied in vertebral body level position, ranging from T2 to T7 but most commonly opposite T4. The SLN clip was located below the base of the clavicle in 90%, and hence would be excluded from standard axillary radiotherapy fields where the inferior border is placed at this level. The clip was within the irradiated whole-breast tangent fields in 78%, beneath the superior-posterior corner multileaf collimators in 12%, and outside the tangent field borders in 10%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standard axillary fields do not encompass the lymph nodes at highest risk of containing tumor in breast cancer patients. Elimination of the superior-posterior corner MLCs from the tangent field design would result in inclusion of the breast SLN in 90% of patients treated with standard whole-breast irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Rachel.rabinovitch@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rabinovitch
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ballonoff
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Finlayson
mesh_terms: D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008327:Mammography; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000295:instrumentation; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed