title: Nitric oxide and angiotensin II receptors mediate the pressor effect of angiotensin II: a study in conscious and zoletil-anesthetized rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The circumventricular structures of the central nervous system and nitric oxide are involved in arterial blood pressure control, and general anesthesia may stimulate the central renin-angiotensin system. We therefore investigated the central role of angiotensin II and nitric oxide on the regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure in conscious and anesthetized rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats with stainless steel cannulae implanted into their lateral ventricle were studied. We injected the AT1 and AT2 angiotensin II receptor antagonists, losartan and PD123319, L-NAME, 7-nitroindazole (nitric oxide synthetase inhibitors), and FK409 (nitric oxide donor agent) into the lateral ventricles. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was recorded in conscious and zoletil-anesthetized rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean +/- sem baseline MAP was 117.5 +/- 2 mm Hg. Angiotensin II injected into the brain lateral ventricle increased MAP from 136.5 +/- 2 mm Hg to 138.5 +/- 4 mm Hg (Delta16 +/- 3 mm Hg to Delta21 +/- 3 mm Hg) for all experimental groups versus control from 116 +/- 2 mm Hg to 120 +/- 3 mm Hg (Delta3 +/- 1 mm Hg to Delta5 +/- 2 mm Hg) (P < 0.05). L-NAME or 7-nitroindazole enhanced the angiotensin II pressor effect (P < 0.05). Prior injection of losartan and PD123319 decreased the angiotensin II pressor effect and the enhancement effect of L-NAME and 7-nitroindazole (P < 0.05). Zoletil anesthesia did not interfere with the effects of angiotensin II, AT1, AT2 antagonists, or nitric oxide synthetase inhibitors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endogenous nitric oxide functions tonically as a central inhibitory modulator of the angiotensinergic system. AT1 and AT2 receptors influence the angiotensin II central control of arterial blood pressure. Zoletil anesthesia did not interfere with these effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of University of São Paulo, Basic Institute of Biosciences-UNITAU, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ismael F M S
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Guarda
authors.forename: Wilson A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: Luiz Antonio
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: de Arruda Camargo
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003243:Consciousness / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000819:agonists / Q000502:physiology*; D013992:Tiletamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015041:Zolazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; C006131:tiletamine, zolazepam drug combination; D000804:Angiotensin II; D013992:Tiletamine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D015041:Zolazepam