title: Left atrial volume measured by real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography predicts clinical outcomes in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction and in sinus rhythm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical value of real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography assessments of left atrial volume in patients with left ventricular dysfunction has not been determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography and 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiography were performed on the same day in 108 patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction and in sinus rhythm. End-systolic left atrial volumes were measured using real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography images (LAV-3D) and end-systolic left atrial volumes were calculated by the biplane area-length formula using 2-dimensional echocardiography (LAV-2D). Patients were observed clinically over 10 +/- 7 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LAV-2D showed excellent correlation with LAV-3D (r = 0.88, P < .001), but the former was significantly smaller than the latter (-12 +/- 21 mL, P < .001). During follow-up, 31 patients (29%) showed clinical events, including 3 cardiac deaths and 28 hospitalizations as a result of heart failure. Patients with clinical events had larger initial LAV-3D (P < .05) and LAV-2D (P = .05), higher transmitral E velocity, higher E/E' ratio, more severe mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, and higher maximal velocity of tricuspid regurgitation than the 77 patients without events. LAV-3D (P < .001) and age (P < .05) were independent predictors of cardiac events by Cox proportional hazard model, whereas LAV-2D was negatively involved. Patients with initial LAV-3D less than 100 mL had a significantly higher 1-year event-free survival than those with LAV-3D greater than or equal to 100 mL (80 +/- 7 vs 48 +/- 10%, P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LAV-3D is a major predictor of clinical events in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction and in sinus rhythm. The clinical value of LAV-3D seems to be superior to that of LAV-2D.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Il-Woo
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Jong-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Eun-Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Mi-Jeoung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae-Joong
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Duk-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jae-Kwan
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003199:Computer Systems; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*