title: Expression of cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans in human cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth comprises a variety of signaling pathways (including growth factors and proteoglycans) that are still not completely understood. In the present study, gingival overgrowth was investigated in transplant patients receiving cyclosporin A (cyclosporin A group) and compared with gingival tissues never exposed to the drug (control group) by analyzing the gene expression of the cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans syndecan-2, syndecan-4 and betaglycan.
  
  
  METHODS
  mRNA analysis was carried out by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification of pooled samples from nine patients of the cyclosporin A group and six control subjects. The groups were compared by the Student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of heparan sulfate proteoglycans was increased in the cyclosporin A group (165% for syndecan-2, 308% for syndecan-4, and 42% for betaglycan) compared with the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings agree with the current concept of cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth and provide new evidence that its noncollagenous extracellular matrix is overexpressed.
authors.affiliation: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Fundação Bahiana para o Desenvolvimento das Ciências, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. gnoatto@gmail.com
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gnoatto
authors.forename: R F M
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Lotufo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Penna
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Marquezini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D053669:Syndecan-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053671:Syndecan-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053671:Syndecan-4; C071736:betaglycan; D053669:Syndecan-2; D016572:Cyclosporine