title: Focal adhesion kinase mediates human leukocyte histocompatibility antigen class II-induced signaling in gingival fibroblasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of human leukocyte antigen class II molecules on nonantigen-presenting cells has been a matter of controversy. We previously reported that human leukocyte antigen class II molecules on human gingival fibroblasts do not present antigens, but transduce signals into the cells by making a complex with antigenic peptide T-cell receptor or by stimulating cell surface human leukocyte antigen-DR molecules with human leukocyte antigen-DR antibody (L243), which mimics the formation of the human leukocyte antigen class II-antigenic peptide T-cell receptor complex, resulting in the expression of several cytokines. The aim of this study was to detect human leukocyte antigen class II-associated molecules mediating human leukocyte antigen class II-induced signals into the cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antibody-based protein-microarray analysis was performed to detect activated signaling molecules in gingival fibroblasts stimulated via human leukocyte antigen class II molecules. Then, we examined if these molecules structurally associate with human leukocyte antigen class II and actually transduce signals into the cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stimulation of human leukocyte antigen class II on gingival fibroblasts by L243 resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. Focal adhesion kinase was co-immunoprecipitated with human leukocyte antigen-DR by L243. Stimulation of gingival fibroblasts with L243 induced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. Luteolin, a putative focal adhesion kinase inhibitor, suppressed phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and dose dependently inhibited human leukocyte antigen class II-induced cytokine production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Focal adhesion kinase is structurally associated with human leukocyte antigen-DR and mediates human leukocyte antigen class II-induced signals in gingival fibroblasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Patho-physiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meguro
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeuchi-Hatanaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takashiba
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000276:immunology; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D006681:HLA-D Antigens / Q000502:physiology*; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D047311:Luteolin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D006681:HLA-D Antigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D015850:Interleukin-6; D047311:Luteolin; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors