title: Urokinase receptor splice variant uPAR-del4/5-associated gene expression in breast cancer: identification of rab31 as an independent prognostic factor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the pure prognostic impact of the uPA-receptor splice variant uPAR-del4/5 for lymph node-negative breast cancer patients, and to identify differentially expressed genes associated with high or low uPAR-del4/5 mRNA levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  mRNA transcript levels were measured by real-time PCR in tumor samples from 280 node-negative breast cancer patients who had not received adjuvant systemic therapy. Endpoints were distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and overall survival (OS). Gene expression analysis was performed with RNA isolated from breast cancer tissue and breast cancer cell lines using Affymetrix U133a GeneChips.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multivariate analysis, uPAR-del4/5 significantly contributed to the base model of traditional prognostic factors for DMFS (HR = 3.29, P < 0.001) and OS (HR = 2.87, P = 0.002). Using microarrays, seven genes were found to be up-regulated in tumor samples and cancer cell lines with high uPAR-del4/5 mRNA expression. The gene encoding rab31, a member of the Ras oncogene family, was selected for quantitative analysis of mRNA expression in the set of 280 patients. High rab31 values were significantly associated with worse outcome of patients for DMFS (HR = 2.27, P < 0.001) and OS (HR = 2.01, P = 0.008) in multivariate analysis, independent from uPAR-del4/5. The patient subgroup with high uPAR-del4/5 and rab31 levels showed the worst DMFS and OS (P < 0.001, both) compared with tumors with low values of both factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that uPAR-del4/5 and rab31 mRNA represent independent prognostic markers in breast cancer and may be components of different, but possibly associated, tumor-relevant signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany. matthias.kotzsch@uniklinikum-dresden.de
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotzsch
authors.forename: Anieta M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sieuwerts
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grosser
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meye
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuessel
authors.forename: Marion E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Meijer-van Gelder
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smid
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baretton
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luther
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Magdolen
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Foekens
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D020691:rab GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C524898:PLAUR protein, human; C484190:RAB31 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D020691:rab GTP-Binding Proteins