title: Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: a consensus report.
abstract: In September 2006, members of the Sex, Gender and Pain Special Interest Group of the International Association for the Study of Pain met to discuss the following: (1) what is known about sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia; (2) what are the "best practice" guidelines for pain research with respect to sex and gender; and (3) what are the crucial questions to address in the near future? The resulting consensus presented herein includes input from basic science, clinical and psychosocial pain researchers, as well as from recognized experts in sexual differentiation and reproductive endocrinology. We intend this document to serve as a utilitarian and thought-provoking guide for future research on sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia, both for those currently working in this field as well as those still wondering, "Do I really need to study females?"
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201-1510, USA Research Center for Neuroendocrine Influences on Pain, Baltimore, MD 21201-1510, USA Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4820, USA Department of Oral Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6370, USA Laboratory for Experimental Pain Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610-3628, USA Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College, London SW10 9NH, UK Department of Physiological Psychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg 96045, Germany Center for Neurovisceral Sciences and Women's Health, and Departments of Medicine, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Physiology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 900095-1792, USA Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada PQ H3A 1B1 Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303-0389, USA.
authors.forename: Joel D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Greenspan
authors.forename: Rebecca M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Craft
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: LeResche
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arendt-Nielsen
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Berkley
authors.forename: Roger B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Fillingim
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holdcroft
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lautenbacher
authors.forename: Emeran A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Mogil
authors.forename: Anne Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Traub
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D023421:Models, Animal; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D059408:Pain Management; D011584:Psychology; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones