title: [Risk factors for early arrhythmias post transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the risk factors for early arrhythmias after transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect (PVSD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 358 patients [161 males, aged from 3 to 54, mean (10.9 +/- 8.1) years, body weight from 12 to 90, mean (32.8 +/- 17.2) kg] who underwent transcatheter closure of PVSD from August 2002 to February 2006 were included in this retrospective analysis. Electrocardiogram was performed daily after transcatheter closure for seven days. Relationships between arrhythmias and those risk factors such as the defect characteristics and the device size and types were explored by logistic regression analysis. Left ventriculography showed 195 out of 358 patients with PVSD were complicated with membranous aneurysm. The PVSD diameter ranged from 2 to 18 (6.5 +/- 3.1) mm in left ventricular side and from 2 to 12 (4.2 +/- 2.3) mm in right ventricular side. A total of 140 nonsymmetrical and 218 symmetrical occluders with diameter 4 to 18 (8.1 +/- 2.5) mm were used to close those defects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Procedure was successful in all patients. Early arrhythmias after transcatheter closure of PVSD were observed in 135 (37.7%) patients and serious cardiac arrhythmias in 23 (6.4%) patients. The early arrhythmias after transcatheter closure of PVSD were significantly correlated with device size [> or = (8.6 +/- 2.7) mm] and type (nonsymmetrical device), the span between the defect and tricuspid (< or = 3 mm), and the presence of aneurysm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Larger device size, nonsymmetrical device, narrow span between the defect and tricuspid and the presence of aneurysm are the risk factors for early arrhythmias after transcatheter closure of PVSD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Cardiovascular Institute of PLA & General Hospital of Shenyang Military Army, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Xian-yang
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yu-hao
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chuan-ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Xiu-min
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Xiao-tang
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: Duan-zhen
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chun-sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Qi-guang
authors.initials: QG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dong-an
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Yu-wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult