title: Breast cancer in southern Brazil: association with past dietary intake.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine possible associations between the risk of breast cancer in Brazilian women and demographic, social and economical variables, and past dietary intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was conducted in Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil, between june and november 2003 involving a group of 33 women recently diagnosed with breast cancer and a control group of 33 healthy women volunteers. Personal details, health history and past dietary intake were obtained via questionnaires and interviews. Data between groups were compared using chi2, Fisher, and Student's t test, whilst associations were evaluated using a non-conditional logistic regression method and odds ratio (OR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences between the two groups were revealed with respect to age distribution (P = 0.007), family income level (P = 0.02), educational level (P < 0.0001) and attainment of menopause (P < 0.0001). After adjustment, with regard to family income level, of the data concerning past dietary intake, the consumption of pig lard (OR = 6.32) and fatty red meat (OR = 3.48) were found to be associated with an increase in the risk of breast cancer. The regular ingestion of apples (OR = 0.30), watermelons (OR = 0.31), tomatoes (OR = 0.16), plain cakes (OR = 0.30) and desserts (OR = 0.20) afforded some degree of protection against the development of the disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age (> 45 years), low family income (< $520/month), poor educational level (primary school level or lower) and past regular consumption of pork fat and fatty meat may be factors associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Pos-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil. fariadipietro@gmail.com
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Di Pietro
authors.forename: N I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: F G K
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fausto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belló-Klein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012306:Risk; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats