title: Effects of substratum on the diversity and stability of ammonia-oxidizing communities in a constructed wetland used for wastewater treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the relationship between the nature of the substratum and the diversity and stability of the ammonia-oxidizing microbial community in a constructed wetland for the treatment of wastewaters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Samples have been taken the year around from sections of the wetland filled with different substrata. When present, the root zones of the helophyte Phragmites australis were also sampled. The diversity of the ammonia-oxidizing community was established by a coupled PCR-DGGE method based on the 16s rRNA gene. Averaged over the seasons, no large differences in community composition were observed between the different substrata, although the section with zeolite always showed the highest frequencies of bands belonging to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria of the beta-subclass of the Proteobacteria. Only sequences related to the Nitrosospira lineage were detected. Averaged again over the seasons, the section with zeolite was also most constant with respect to the potential ammonia-oxidizing activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the ammonia-oxidizing communities did not differ significantly between the different sections of the constructed wetland, the characteristics of zeolite were most appropriate to accommodate a stable and active community of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. The presence of the helophyte had no effect on the diversity and stability of the ammonia-oxidizing community.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It has been shown that substrata used in constructed wetlands made no distinction between ammonia-oxidizing strains in relation to attachment. However, zeolite had the best performance with respect to activity over the seasons.
authors.affiliation: University of Turin, Department of Microbiology and Agricultural Industries (Di.Va.P.R.A.), via Leonardo da Vinci, Grugliasco, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gorra
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coci
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ambrosoli
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Laanbroek
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000494:pharmacology; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D002611:Cheese; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007558:Italy; D009576:Nitrobacter / Q000302:isolation & purification; D043369:Nitrosomonadaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009606:Nitrosomonas / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010944:Plants; D021521:Ribotyping; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D053833:Wetlands; D017641:Zeolites
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D017641:Zeolites; D000641:Ammonia