title: Evaluation of low-dose propofol preadministration to attenuate vascular pain during induction of anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a small dose of propofol before induction decreases pain with injection using two different formulas of propofol-10% long-chain triglycerides (LCT) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and LCT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, comparative study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  200 ASA physical status I and II patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Group A (LCT control) and group B (MCT/LCT control) were first preadministered normal saline plus Intralipid (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) as a placebo, whereas group C (LCT study) and group D (MCT/LCT study) received each formulation of propofol 0.1 mg/kg before induction. After three minutes, groups A and C received LCT propofol two mg/kg for induction. Groups B and D received LCT/MCT propofol in the same manner.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pain was evaluated blindly at the time of both preadministration and induction, using a 4-point scale: 0 = no pain, 1 = mild pain, 2 = moderate pain, and 3 = severe pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  36 (72%) LCT and 31 (62%) LCT/MCT control group patients (groups A and B) had pain. Pretreatment with propofol (groups C and D) attenuated the frequency of pain significantly in 21 (42%) and 24 (48%) patients at induction, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-chain triglyceride and LCT/MCT propofol, 0.1 mg/kg administration before induction, resulted in attenuated pain at an induction dose of propofol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical School, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan. kmkodaka@cb3.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Mitsuharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kodaka
authors.forename: Shin-Ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maeyama
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D014280:Triglycerides; D015742:Propofol