title: Oral administration of diphenyl diselenide protects against cadmium-induced liver damage in rats.
abstract: Cadmium is an environmental toxic metal implicated in human diseases. In the present study, the effect of diphenyl diselenide, (PhSe)(2), on sub-chronic exposure with cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)) was investigated in rats. Male adult Swiss albino rats received CdCl(2) (10 micromol/kg, orally) and (PhSe)(2) (5 micromol/kg, orally) for a period of 30 days. A number of parameters were examined as indicators of toxicity, including hepatic and renal damage, glucose and glycogen levels and markers of oxidative stress. Cadmium content, liver histology, delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) activity, metallothionein (MT) levels were also evaluated. Cadmium content determined in the tissue of rats exposed to CdCl(2) provides evidence that the liver is the major cadmium target where (PhSe)(2) acts. The concentration of cadmium in liver was about three fold higher than that in kidney, and (PhSe)(2) reduced about six fold the levels of this metal in liver of rats exposed. Rats exposed to CdCl(2) showed histological alterations abolished by (PhSe)(2) administration. (PhSe)(2) administration ameliorated plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities increased by CdCl(2) exposure. Urea and bilirubin levels increased by CdCl(2) exposure were also reduced by (PhSe)(2). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that co-treatment with (PhSe)(2) ameliorated hepatotoxicity and cellular damage in rat liver after sub-chronic exposure with CdCl(2). The proposed mechanisms by which (PhSe)(2) acts in this experimental protocol are its antioxidant properties and its capacity to form a complex with cadmium.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lysandro Pinto
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brandão
authors.forename: Benhur
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Godoi
authors.forename: Cristina W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: Gilson
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zeni
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D002104:Cadmium; C061132:diphenyldiselenide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006003:Glycogen; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase; D019256:Cadmium Chloride; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D001663:Bilirubin