title: Commotio cordis as a result of a fight: report of a case considered to be imprudent homicide.
abstract: Commotio cordis is a clinic-pathological syndrome related to sudden death in young people involved in sports activities. It has been described, mainly, in athletes without previous cardiac anomalies who received a minor blow to the chest which produces ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest in the absence of structural damage to the ribs, sternum, or heart. There are few reported cases of commotio cordis associated with violent, non-sports related actions, which are commonly considered to be imprudent homicides. We present the case of a 20-year-old man, who was kicked in the chest during a fight; he suddenly collapsed although advanced cardio-respiratory resuscitation started shortly. Autopsy showed no cardiac lesions concluding that death was due to commotio cordis (blunt trauma to the chest). Toxicological analysis determined the presence of 5.14 mg/L benzoylecgonine in blood. On the basis of medico-legal investigation, the official prosecution considered the death to be imprudent homicide and the aggressor was sentenced to 4 years in prison. We emphasize the importance of the knowledge of the death circumstances through the witnesses' testimony, prior to beginning the autopsy, to confirm this important medico-legal diagnosis. Arrhythmogenic effects of cocaine and its contribution in the production of these deaths are also exposed.
authors.affiliation: Forensic Pathology Service, Institute of Legal Medicine, Avenida Sánchez Pizjuán s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain. joaquin.lucena@gmail.com
authors.forename: Joaquín S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lucena
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rico
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salguero
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vázquez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology*; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D006708:Homicide / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D013030:Spain; D013898:Thoracic Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D014754:Violence
chemical_list: D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; C005618:benzoylecgonine; D003042:Cocaine