title: Immobilized cell augmented activated sludge process for enhanced nitrogen removal from wastewater.
abstract: The immobilized cell augmented activated sludge (ICAAS) system combines a cell immobilization technique and an offline enricher-reactor for the bioaugmentation of the activated sludge system to improve treatment performances. In this study, enhanced nitrogen removal using ICAAS was investigated. Laboratory-scale, offline, batch enricher-reactors were used to maintain nitrification and denitrification activities of coimmobilized nitrifiers and denitrifiers used to augment a laboratory-scale completely mixed activated sludge system (CMAS) treating synthetic wastewater. Cellulose triacetate was the media used to entrap nitrifiers and denitrifiers at a 2:1 mass ratio. The ICAAS augmented with the coimmobilized cells between 5 and 20% by volume gained 24 +/- 5% higher nitrogen removal than a control CMAS, which provided nitrogen removal of 28 +/- 7%. The ICAAS scheme is a viable alternative for upgrading existing activated sludge systems to gain better nitrogen removal. .
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Rungrod
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jittawattanarat
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kostarelos
authors.forename: Eakalak
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors; D018914:Cells, Immobilized; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002482:Cellulose; C024671:cellulose triacetate; D009584:Nitrogen