title: In vitro antimicrobial activity of a novel propolis formulation (Actichelated propolis).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared in vitro activities of Actichelated propolis (a multicomposite material obtained with mechano-chemichal activation) and of a hydroalcoholic extract of propolis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), determined by means of microdilution broth method, against five strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, showed a greater potency of Actichelated propolis (MIC range: 0.016-4 mg flavonoids ml(-1)) in respect to the hydroalcoholic extract (MIC range: 0.08-21.4 mg flavonoids ml(-1)). Concentrations of Actichelated propolis active against adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus and herpes virus type 1 were at least 10 times lower than those of the hydroalcoholic extract. Preincubation of Strep. pyogenes and H. influenzae with subinhibitory concentrations of Actichelated propolis (1/4 and 1/8 x MIC) significantly reduced the number of bacteria that adhered to human buccal cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Actichelated propolis has proven to possess antibacterial and antiviral activity higher than a hydroalcoholic extract, being also able to interfere on bacterial adhesion to human oral cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This new formulation of propolis showing better antimicrobial and physical characteristics could improve the application of propolis in respiratory tract infections.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Preclinical Science LITA Vialba, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Drago
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Vecchi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nicola
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gismondo
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000187:drug effects; D010222:Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects; D011429:Propolis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011513:Proteus mirabilis / Q000187:drug effects; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000187:drug effects; D014780:Viruses / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D011429:Propolis