title: Leopold Ordenstein: on paralysis agitans and multiple sclerosis.
abstract: In 1868 the German Leopold Ordenstein (1835-1902) published in Paris a doctoral thesis in French language under the patronage of Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893). For the first time, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease were clearly recognized as different clinical entities, based on clinical and pathological data. Ordenstein's work represents today a fundamental and often credited, yet still widely unknown, contribution to the history of these two diseases. The present paper delivers a synopsis of this key document. In addition, the life and work of Leopold Ordenstein will be reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany. helmar.lehmann@uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: H-P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Hartung
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kieseier
mesh_terms: D005858:Germany; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000266:history*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000266:history*; D013782:Textbooks as Topic / Q000266:history