title: Clonal expansion of immunoglobulin M+CD27+ B cells in HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia.
abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders such as mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). The pathogenesis of these disorders remains unclear, and it has been proposed that HCV drives the pro-liferation of B cells. Here we demonstrate that certain HCV(+)MC(+) subjects have clonal expansions of immunoglobulin M (IgM)(+)kappa(+)IgD(low/-)CD21(low)CD27(+) B cells. Using RT-PCR to amplify Ig from these singly sorted cells, we show that these predominantly rheumatoid factor-encoding V(H)1-69/J(H)4 and V(kappa)3-20 gene segment-restricted cells have low to moderate levels of somatic hypermutations. Ig sequence analysis suggests that antigen selection drives the generation of mutated clones. These findings lend further support to the notion that specific antigenic stimulation leads to B-cell proliferation in HCV MC and that chronic B-cell stimulation may set the stage for malignant transformation and the development of B-NHL. The finding that these hypermutated, marginal zone-like IgM(+)CD27(+) B cells are clonally expanded in certain subjects with MC offers insight into mechanisms of HCV-associated MC and B-cell malignancy. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00219999.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Edgar D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: Rashidah M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marukian
authors.forename: Andrew H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Talal
authors.forename: Gerond V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Lake-Bakaar
authors.forename: Ira M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: Lynn B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Dustin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D017464:Receptors, Complement 3d / Q000276:immunology; D018127:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7 / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D017464:Receptors, Complement 3d; D018127:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7