title: Effects of benidipine and some other calcium channel blockers on the prognosis of patients with vasospastic angina. Cohort study with evaluation of the ergonovine coronary spasm induction test.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been reported that the morbidity rate of vasospastic angina is higher in Japan compared to western countries, and its prognosis has already been reported. However, the prognosis of vasospastic angina in relation to coronary angiographic findings, prognostic risk factors and treatment has not yet been fully investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From January 2000 to October 2005, 1047 patients with vasospastic angina diagnosed by coronary angiography at Gifu University Hospital and related hospitals were registered in a cohort study (follow-up rate: 91.4%, median follow-up duration: 3.8 years). The presence of coronary artery stenosis, diabetes mellitus, total spasm, and age of more than 65 years had a negative prognostic impact on cardiovascular events. Patients were treated with calcium channel blockers such as diltiazem (CAS 33286-22-5, CAS 42399-41-7), amlodipine (CAS 111470-99-6), nifedipine (CAS 21829-25-4), and benidipine (CAS 91599-74-5). Among these calcium channel blockers, when patient background was matched by the propensity score in patients treated with calcium channel blockers only, the cardiovascular event rate was significantly lower in the benidipine group than in the diltiazem group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated for the first time that total spasm is a risk factor, independent of other factors, for cardiovascular events in patients with vasospastic angina. Treatment with benidipine showed a better prognosis than that with diltiazem.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chuno Kosei Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Io
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minatoguchi
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishigaki
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ojio
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Segawa
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Sachiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Arihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Kunihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiei
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Genzou
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.forename: Hisayoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000150:complications; D003329:Coronary Vasospasm / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004874:Ergonovine; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010120:Oxytocics; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D010120:Oxytocics; D017311:Amlodipine; C061004:benidipine; D004110:Diltiazem; D009543:Nifedipine; D004874:Ergonovine