title: An improved PID switching control strategy for type 1 diabetes.
abstract: In order for an "artificial pancreas" to become a reality for ambulatory use, a practical closed-loop control strategy must be developed and critically evaluated. In this paper, an improved PID control strategy for blood glucose control is proposed and evaluated in silico using a physiologic model of Hovorka et al. The key features of the proposed control strategy are: (i) a switching strategy for initiating PID control after a meal and insulin bolus; (ii) a novel time-varying setpoint trajectory, (iii) noise and derivative filters to reduce sensitivity to sensor noise, and (iv) a systematic controller tuning strategy. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy compares favorably to alternatives for realistic conditions that include meal challenges, incorrect carbohydrate meal estimates, changes in insulin sensitivity, and measurement noise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering Principles & Practice, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marchetti
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barolo
authors.forename: Lois
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jovanovic
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zisser
authors.forename: Dale E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Seborg
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D007700:Kinetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D019397:Pancreas, Artificial
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose