Intelligent routes to the controlled synthesis of nanoparticles.
We describe an autonomous 'black-box' system for the controlled synthesis of fluorescent nanoparticles. The system uses a microfluidic reactor to carry out the synthesis and an in-line spectrometer to monitor the emission spectra of the emergent particles. The acquired data is fed into a control algorithm which reduces each spectrum to a scalar 'dissatisfaction coefficient' and then intelligently updates the reaction conditions in an effort to minimise this coefficient and so drive the system towards a desired goal. In the tests reported here, CdSe nanoparticles were prepared by separately injecting solutions of CdO and Se into the two inlets of a heated y-shaped microfluidic reactor. A noise-tolerant global search algorithm was then used to efficiently identify-without any human intervention-the injection rates and temperature that yielded the optimum intensity for a chosen emission wavelength.
Krishnadasan
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Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UKSW7 2AZ. j.demello@imperial.ac.uk.
Brown
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deMello
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deMello
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