title: Automethylation of G9a and its implication in wider substrate specificity and HP1 binding.
abstract: Methylation of lysine residues on histones participates in transcriptional gene regulation. Lysine 9 methylation of histone H3 is a transcriptional repression signal, mediated by a family of SET domain containing AdoMet-dependent enzymes. G9a methyltransferase is a euchromatic histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferase. Here, G9a is shown to methylate other cellular proteins, apart from histone H3, including automethylation of K239 residue. Automethylation of G9a did not impair or activate the enzymatic activity in vitro. The automethylation motif of G9a flanking target K239 (ARKT) has similarity with histone H3 lysine 9 regions (ARKS), and is identical to amino acids residues in EuHMT (ARKT) and mAM (ARKT). Under steady-state kinetic assay conditions, full-length G9a methylates peptides representing ARKS/T motif of H3, G9a, mAM and EuHMT efficiently. Automethylation of G9a at ARKT motif creates a binding site for HP1 class of protein and mutation of lysine in the motif impairs this binding. In COS-7 cells GFP fusion of the wild-type G9a co-localized with HP1alpha and HP1gamma isoforms whereas the G9a mutant with K239A displayed poor co-localization. Thus, apart from transcriptional repression and regulatory roles of lysine methylation, the non-histone protein methylation may create binding sites for cellular protein-protein interactions.
authors.affiliation: New England Biolabs, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938-2723, USA.
authors.forename: Hang Gyeong
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Pierre-Olivier
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Estève
authors.forename: Mihika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benner
authors.forename: Debasis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Patnaik
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: Sriharsa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pradhan
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000378:metabolism*; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008745:Methylation; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; C533711:G9a protein, mouse; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; D008239:Lysine