title: Clinical evaluation of watermarked medical images.
abstract: Digital watermarking medical images provides security to the images. The purpose of this study was to see whether digitally watermarked images changed clinical diagnoses when assessed by radiologists. We embedded 256 bits watermark to various medical images in the region of non-interest (RONI) and 480K bits in both region of interest (ROI) and RONI. Our results showed that watermarking medical images did not alter clinical diagnoses. In addition, there was no difference in image quality when visually assessed by the medical radiologists. We therefore concluded that digital watermarking medical images were safe in terms of preserving image quality for clinical purposes.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Computer Systems & Software Engineering, University College of Engineering & Technology Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malalysia. jasni@kuktem.edu.my
authors.forename: Jasni M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zain
authors.forename: Abdul M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fauzi
authors.forename: Azian A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Aziz
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D003196:Computer Graphics; D016494:Computer Security; D003201:Computers; D044962:Data Compression; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D011859:Radiography / Q000379:methods*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*