title: Estimating the burden of disease attributable to physical inactivity in South Africa in 2000.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the burden of disease attributable to physical inactivity in persons 15 years or older, by age group and sex, in South Africa for 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  The global comparative risk assessment (CRA) methodology of the World Health Organization was followed to estimate the disease burden attributable to physical inactivity. Levels of physical activity for South Africa were obtained from the World Health Survey 2003. A theoretical minimum risk exposure of zero, associated outcomes, relative risks, and revised burden of disease estimates were used to calculate population-attributable fractions and the burden attributed to physical inactivity. Monte Carlo simulation-modelling techniques were used for the uncertainty analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  South Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults >or= 15 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic stroke, breast cancer, colon cancer, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall in adults >or= 15 years in 2000, 30% of ischaemic heart disease, 27% of colon cancer, 22% of ischaemic stroke, 20% of type 2 diabetes, and 17% of breast cancer were attributable to physical inactivity. Physical inactivity was estimated to have caused 17,037 (95% uncertainty interval 11,394 - 20,407), or 3.3% (95% uncertainty interval 2.2 - 3.9%) of all deaths in 2000, and 176,252 (95% uncertainty interval 133,733 - 203,628) DALYs, or 1.1% (95% uncertainty interval 0.8 - 1.3%) of all DALYs in 2000.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with other regions and the global average, South African adults have a particularly high prevalence of physical inactivity. In terms of attributable deaths, physical inactivity ranked 9th compared with other risk factors, and 12th in terms of DALYs. There is a clear need to assess why South Africans are particularly inactive, and to ensure that physical activity/inactivity is addressed as a national health priority.
authors.affiliation: Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town. Jane.Joubert@mrc.ac.za
authors.forename: Jané
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joubert
authors.forename: Rosana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: Estelle V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Pam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Groenewald
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bull
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology