title: Long-acting injectable naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.
abstract: Combining pharmacotherapy with psychosocial and behavioral interventions has helped improve the treatment of alcohol dependence. However, the clinical use of effective medications, such as naltrexone, is limited by poor adherence to a daily oral regimen. Recently, a once monthly extended-release injectable formulation of naltrexone (Vivitrol, Alkermes, Inc.) became the first FDA-approved long-acting formulation of naltrexone for alcohol dependence. Compared with the oral preparation, extended-release naltrexone shows reduced peaks and minimal fluctuations in plasma levels that may possibly lead to a more benign adverse-event profile. The administration of long-acting naltrexone in conjunction with psychosocial support has been associated with significant improvement in drinking outcome measures, especially among patients who are abstinent entering treatment. Additional studies are warranted to increase the knowledge on the clinical applications of long-acting naltrexone in other addictive disorders and to compare extended-release naltrexone with other long-acting formulations that are in development. The clinical availability of extended-release naltrexone has the potential to enhance treatment outcomes for alcohol and other drug dependence disorders.
authors.affiliation: Duke University Medical Center, 2218 Elder Street, Suite 123, Durham, NC 27705, USA. paolo.mannelli@duke.edu
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mannelli
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Peindl
authors.forename: Prakash S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Masand
authors.forename: Ashwin A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Patkar
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009271:Naltrexone