title: Effect of bone conditioning on primary stability of FRIALIT-2 implants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary stability is crucial to implants used for orthodontic anchorage. Bone condensing to enhance primary stability is controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen Frialit-2-stepped screw and cylinder implants were placed in the median palatine sutures of 22 cadaveric human heads. In half of both types, the implant bed was prepared using a Frialit Bone Condenser. Primary implant stability was evaluated using non-invasive resonance frequency analysis. Moreover, the bone-implant contact area was examined histomorphometrically and radiographically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone condensing yielded a slightly, yet not significantly increased implant stability quotient compared with a conventional technique. In spongy bone, a significant histomorphometric increase of bone-implant contact (P<0.0001) and a significant increase of radiographic density was revealed for both implant types, while no significant changes were observed within the compact area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study shows that bone condensing yields an improved histologic implant-bone contact only in spongy bone, which was paralleled by radiographic-densitometric findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany. proff@uni-greifswald.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Proff
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bayerlein
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rottner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fanghänel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gedrange
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density; D001863:Bone Screws; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002102:Cadaver; D015921:Dental Implants; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016348:Osseointegration; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D021362:Palate, Hard / Q000601:surgery*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants