title: Semen collection in the ostrich (Struthio camelus) using a dummy or a teaser female.
abstract: 1. We investigated the feasibility of training male ostriches to ejaculate into an artificial cloaca (AC) using a teaser female or a dummy. 2. Male ostriches develop desirable behaviour patterns that allow them to be trained to the teaser and the dummy female. Training success can be high as both methods rely on natural stimulation and voluntary ejaculation into the AC provided suitable individuals are identified. 3. The key factors to successful training appear to be: the teaser method - temperament of male ostriches, the crouching behaviour of the female ostriches for the semen collector and acceptance of the collector by the male; dummy method - courtship of humans, learning ability of ostriches to habituate and then to mount a dummy. 4. Both methods are reliable, yield ejaculates of high quality and give reproducible results. The ejaculate volume was 1.09 +/- 0.13 ml, the concentration of spermatozoa 4.21 +/- 0.27 x 10(9)/ml, the total number of spermatozoa 4.67 +/- 0.62 x 10(9) and motility 4.3 +/- 0.1. 5. Commercial ostrich production that relies on natural mating can take advantage of those methods to develop artificial insemination technologies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Wolka Kossowska, Poland.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Rybnik
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Horbanczuk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naranowicz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lukaszewicz
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Malecki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004542:Ejaculation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012661:Semen / Q000502:physiology*; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D020310:Struthioniformes / Q000502:physiology*