title: PROactive 07: pioglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: results of the PROactive study.
abstract: Patients with type 2 diabetes face an increased risk of macrovascular disease compared to those without. Significant reductions in the risk of major cardiovascular events can be achieved with appropriate drug therapy, although patients with type 2 diabetes remain at increased risk compared with non-diabetics. The thiazolidinedione, pioglitazone, is known to offer multiple, potentially antiatherogenic, effects that may have a beneficial impact on macrovascular outcomes, including long-term improvements in insulin resistance (associated with an increased rate of atherosclerosis) and improvement in the atherogenic lipid triad (low HDL-cholesterol, raised triglycerides, and a preponderance of small, dense LDL particles) that is observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. The recent PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events (PROactive) study showed that pioglitazone can reduce the risk of secondary macrovascular events in a high-risk patient population with type 2 diabetes and established macrovascular disease. Here, we summarize the key results from the PROactive study and place them in context with other recent outcome trials in type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department III of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany. erland.erdmann@uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: Erland
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erdmann
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dormandy
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilcox
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massi-Benedetti
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Charbonnel
mesh_terms: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000517:prevention & control; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D017035:Pravastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D017035:Pravastatin; D019821:Simvastatin; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014280:Triglycerides