title: Hydrated calcareous oil-shale ash as potential filter media for phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands.
abstract: The P-retention in hydrated calcareous ash sediment from oil-shale burning thermal power plants in Estonia was studied. Batch experiments indicate good (up to 65 mg P g(-1)) P-binding capacity of the hydrated oil-shale ash sediment, with a removal effectiveness of 67-85%. The high phosphorus sorption potential of hydrated oil-shale ash is considered to be due to the high content of reactive Ca-minerals, of which ettringite Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12.26H2O and portlandite Ca(OH)2 are the most important. The equilibrium dissolution of ettringite provides free calcium ions that act as stable nuclei for phosphate precipitation. The precipitation mechanism of phosphorus removal in hydrated ash plateau sediment is suggested by Ca-phosphate formation in batch experiments at different P-loadings. Treatment with a P-containing solution causes partial-to-complete dissolution of ettringite and portlandite, and precipitation of Ca-carbonate and Ca-phosphate phases, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM)-EDS studies. Thus, the hydrated oil-shale ash sediment can be considered as a potential filtration material for P removal in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia. ago.kaasik@ut.ee <ago.kaasik@ut.ee>
authors.forename: Ago
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaasik
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vohla
authors.forename: Riho
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mõtlep
authors.forename: Ulo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mander
authors.forename: Kalle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kirsimäe
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D005374:Filtration; D005648:Fuel Oils; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry*; D011210:Power Plants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D005648:Fuel Oils; D007220:Industrial Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010758:Phosphorus