title: The impact of medical interpretation method on time and errors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Twenty-two million Americans have limited English proficiency. Interpreting for limited English proficient patients is intended to enhance communication and delivery of quality medical care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about the impact of various interpreting methods on interpreting speed and errors. This investigation addresses this important gap.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four scripted clinical encounters were used to enable the comparison of equivalent clinical content. These scripts were run across four interpreting methods, including remote simultaneous, remote consecutive, proximate consecutive, and proximate ad hoc interpreting. The first 3 methods utilized professional, trained interpreters, whereas the ad hoc method utilized untrained staff.
  
  
  METHODS
  Audiotaped transcripts of the encounters were coded, using a prespecified algorithm to determine medical error and linguistic error, by coders blinded to the interpreting method. Encounters were also timed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Remote simultaneous medical interpreting (RSMI) encounters averaged 12.72 vs 18.24 minutes for the next fastest mode (proximate ad hoc) (p = 0.002). There were 12 times more medical errors of moderate or greater clinical significance among utterances in non-RSMI encounters compared to RSMI encounters (p = 0.0002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whereas limited by the small number of interpreters involved, our study found that RSMI resulted in fewer medical errors and was faster than non-RSMI methods of interpreting.
authors.affiliation: New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. fg12@nyu.edu
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gany
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kapelusznik
authors.forename: Kavitha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Lurmag Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Orta
authors.forename: Chi-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Jyotsna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Changrani
mesh_terms: D003144:Communication Barriers; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016544:Patient Simulation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D014175:Translating