title: Progesterone withdrawal up-regulates fibronectin and integrins during menstruation and repair in the rhesus macaque endometrium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fibronectin (FN) is a component of the extracellular matrix that participates in wound healing in various tissues as an adhesive ligand for integrins (Itgs). To determine whether these molecules play similar roles during menstrual repair, we evaluated the expression and localization of FN and specific Itgs in the primate endometrium under hormonally controlled conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ovariectomized rhesus macaques were treated for 2 weeks with estradiol (E(2)) followed by E(2) with progesterone for 2 weeks. On day 28, progesterone was withdrawn and uteri were collected during menstruation, postmenstrual repair, and the proliferative and secretory phases. Analysis was by focused microarray, real time PCR, in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Progesterone withdrawal induced significant elevations of FN, Itg alpha5 and Itg beta1 transcripts during menstruation as compared to day 28 (FN: P < 0.01; Itg alpha5: P < 0.05; Itg beta1: P < 0.05; real time PCR). These increases were concentrated in the glandular epithelium (FN) and stroma (Itg alpha5beta1) of the uppermost zones. Cyclic changes in Itg alpha3 occurred in the glandular epithelium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spatially and temporally restricted peaks of expression of FN and its Itg receptors are closely correllated with menstruation and postmenstrual repair in the primate endometrium.
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mah
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: O D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Slayden
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Brenner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D016023:Integrins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008598:Menstruation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D016023:Integrins; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol