title: Physiome-model-based state-space framework for cardiac deformation recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To more reliably recover cardiac information from noise-corrupted, patient-specific measurements, it is essential to employ meaningful constraining models and adopt appropriate optimization criteria to couple the models with the measurements. Although biomechanical models have been extensively used for myocardial motion recovery with encouraging results, the passive nature of such constraints limits their ability to fully count for the deformation caused by active forces of the myocytes. To overcome such limitations, we propose to adopt a cardiac physiome model as the prior constraint for cardiac motion analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cardiac physiome model comprises an electric wave propagation model, an electromechanical coupling model, and a biomechanical model, which are connected through a cardiac system dynamics for a more complete description of the macroscopic cardiac physiology. Embedded within a multiframe state-space framework, the uncertainties of the model and the patient's measurements are systematically dealt with to arrive at optimal cardiac kinematic estimates and possibly beyond.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experiments have been conducted to compare our proposed cardiac-physiome-model-based framework with the solely biomechanical model-based framework. The results show that our proposed framework recovers more accurate cardiac deformation from synthetic data and obtains more sensible estimates from real magnetic resonance image sequences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the active components introduced by the cardiac physiome model, cardiac deformations recovered from patient's medical images are more physiologically plausible.
authors.affiliation: B. Thomas Golisano College of Computing and Information Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA. kenclwong@mail.rit.edu
authors.forename: Ken C L
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Heye
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Huafeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Pengcheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004285:Dogs; D004548:Elasticity; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values