title: Risk factor assessment for the development of osteoradionecrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaws has been extensively studied. However, controversy still exists regarding its etiology, risk factors, and the underlying mechanism of disease. The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate significant risk factors for the development of ORN.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective cohort study of 82 Massachusetts General Hospital patients radiated for head and neck cancer between 1984 and 2005. Patient records were reviewed to collect demographic information, medical and dental history (including dental intervention or trauma), tumor specific data, treatment details, and follow-up. Biologic variables (ie, age and gender) of potential significance were also evaluated. The major outcome variable was the development of ORN or lack of development of ORN. The time from radiation to ORN, or for non-ORN patients, time to last follow-up visit, was computed. Univariate analyses identified candidate variables associated with ORN (P < .15). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate these candidate variables as well as biologically relevant variables. Significant prognostic factors for the development of ORN (P < .05) were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate regression identified the following variables as significantly associated with decreased ORN risk: higher body mass index (P = .02) and use of steroids (P = .02). Radiation dose greater than 66 Gray (P = .03) was associated with an increased ORN risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optimization of nutritional status, use of steroids, and limitation of total radiation dose may minimize the risk of ORN.
authors.affiliation: Synthes/Massachusetts General Hospital Fellow in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Batya R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Goldwaser
authors.forename: Sung-Kiang
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Leonard B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Kaban
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: August
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007571:Jaw Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures; D010025:Osteoradionecrosis / Q000209:etiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D013256:Steroids