title: Mechanical strength and stiffness of biodegradable and titanium osteofixation systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present relevant mechanical data to simplify the selection of an osteofixation system for situations requiring immobilization in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven biodegradable and 2 titanium osteofixation systems were investigated. The plates and screws were fixed to 2 polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) blocks to simulate bone segments. The plates and screws were subjected to tensile, side bending, and torsion tests. During tensile tests, the strength of the osteofixation system was monitored. The stiffness was calculated for the tensile, side bending, and torsion tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2 titanium systems (1.5 mm and 2.0 mm) presented significantly higher tensile strength and stiffness compared with the 7 biodegradable systems (2.0 mm, 2.1 mm, and 2.5 mm). The 2.0 mm titanium system showed significantly higher side bending and torsion stiffness than the other 8 systems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the results of the current study, it can be concluded that the titanium osteofixation systems were (significantly) stronger and stiffer than the biodegradable systems. The BioSorb FX (Linvatec Biomaterials Ltd, Tampere, Finland), LactoSorb (Walter Lorenz Surgical Inc, Jacksonville, FL), and Inion (Inion Ltd, Tampere, Finland) 2.5 mm systems have high mechanical device strength and stiffness compared with the investigated biodegradable osteofixation systems. With the cross-sectional surface taken into account, the Biosorb FX system (with its subtle design) proves to be the far more superior system. The Resorb X (Gebrüder Martin GmbH & Co, Tuttlingen, Germany) and MacroPore (MacroPore Biosurgery Inc, Memphis, TN) systems present to be, at least from a mechanical point of view, the least strong and stiff systems in the test.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. g.j.buijs@kchir.umcg.nl
authors.forename: Gerrit J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Buijs
authors.forename: Eduard B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: van der Houwen
authors.forename: Boudewijn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stegenga
authors.forename: Rudulf R M
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.forename: Gijsbertus J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Verkerke
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D004146:Dioxanes / Q000737:chemistry; D004548:Elasticity; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D011091:Polyesters; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D012399:Rotation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004146:Dioxanes; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; C443643:trimethylene carbonate; C033616:poly(lactide); D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D014025:Titanium