title: Dental biofilm, gingivitis and interleukin-1 adjacent to approximal sites of a bonded ceramic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo the influence of aged, resin-bonded, ceramic restorations on approximal dental biofilm formation and gingival inflammatory response, associated with and without customary oral hygiene.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional and in a 10-day experimental gingivitis study, Quigley-Hein plaque index, gingival index (GI), crevicular fluid and its levels of interleukin (IL)-1alpha, -1beta and receptor antagonist were measured at appoximal surfaces of leucite-reinforced bonded ceramic coverages, resin composite restorations and enamel and compared intra-individually in 17 participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were found between the ceramic, composite and enamel regarding plaque index, GI, levels of IL-1alpha, -1beta and the receptor antagonist. Throughout, higher crevicular fluid amounts were observed at ceramic sites compared with the enamel (p<0.05). In the experimental gingivitis, plaque index, GI, crevicular fluid and its IL-1alpha levels increased significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The need for optimal oral hygiene and professional preventive oral health care does not seem to be reduced with regard to approximal surfaces of aged, resin-bonded, leucite-reinforced ceramic restorations in comparison with those of a hybrid, resin composite and enamel.
authors.affiliation: Dental Hygienist Education, Department of Odontology, Dental School, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. katarina.konradsson@odont.umu.se
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konradsson
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Claesson
authors.forename: Jon W V
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: van Dijken
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D002516:Ceramics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000009:adverse effects; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000009:adverse effects; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis*; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000032:analysis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000009:adverse effects; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; C029012:Composite Dental Resin; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D007375:Interleukin-1; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D011140:Polyurethanes; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1