title: Role of the muscarinic M2 receptor in human nasal mucosa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neurally mediated secretory hyperresponsiveness is a feature of allergic rhinitis (AR). Muscarinic M2 receptors are inhibitory autoreceptors which limit acetylcholine release at postganglionic parasympathetic nerve terminals, dysfunction of which has been implicated as a cause of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence and function of M2 receptors in the human nose.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first part of the study, nasal biopsies from subjects with AR (n = 12) and normal controls (n = 10) were examined for the presence of M2 receptor mRNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the second part, subjects with symptomatic AR (n = 17), with established contralateral secretory reflexes to bradykinin, underwent unilateral bradykinin challenge after premedication with pilocarpine, a M2 receptor agonist. The effect of pilocarpine on contralateral secretory reflexes was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  M2 receptor mRNA was detected in 12 subjects (54%). Pilocarpine premedication led to a significant reduction of the contralateral secretory reflex to bradykinin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  M2 receptors are present in the human nasal mucosa, though not universally. The function of M2 receptors in subjects with AR can be demonstrated using pilocarpine, however, more work is required to define their importance and potential role in nasal hyperresponsiveness
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. sheahanp@eircom.net
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sheahan
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.forename: Rory McConn
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Costello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2 / Q000502:physiology*; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D010862:Pilocarpine; D001920:Bradykinin