title: The role of TNF-alpha in Trichuris muris infection I: influence of TNF-alpha receptor usage, gender and IL-13.
abstract: Th1 and Th2 responses to the gut-dwelling nematode Trichuris muris have been well established in mouse models of infection, with Th2 responses clearly playing an important role in resistance. TNF-alpha has previously been shown to play an undefined role in resistance, although it is not a typical Th2 cytokine. However, the relative importance of the two TNF-alpha receptors, p55 and p75, has not previously been investigated. We demonstrate that p55 is the dominant TNF-alpha receptor during T. muris infection as p55-/- mice are more susceptible to infection than p75-/- mice. Moreover, p75 clearly plays a role in negatively regulating TNF-alpha. We also demonstrate that a gender difference influences the immune response of p55-/- and p75-/- mice in response to T. muris infection, with female mice fully expelling by day 35 post-infection (p.i.) and male mice harbouring chronic infections. Further, this gender difference can be reversed with recombinant IL-13 (rIL-13) in male gene-deficient mice or IL-13R2.Fc treatment in female gene-deficient mice.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. kelly.hayes@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bancroft
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Grencis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000276:immunology*; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000276:immunology; D012737:Sex Factors; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014257:Trichuriasis / Q000276:immunology*; D014258:Trichuris / Q000276:immunology*; D053319:Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D018793:Interleukin-13; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D053319:Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C069521:recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-binding protein-1