title: Rapid sample screening method for authenticity controlling vanilla flavors using a CE microchip approach with electrochemical detection.
abstract: Five vanilla-related flavors of food significance, vanillic alcohol (VOH), ethyl maltol (EMA), maltol (MAL), ethyl vanillin (EVA) and vanillin (VAN), were separated using CE microchips with electrochemical detection (CE-ED microchips). A +2 kV driving voltage for both injection and separation operation steps, using a borate buffer (pH 9.5, 20 mM) and 1 M nitric acid in the detection reservoir allowed the selective and sensitive detection of the target analytes in less than 200 s with reproducible control of EOF (RSD(migration times)<3%). The analysis in selected real vanilla samples was focusing on VAN and EVA because VAN is a basic fragrance compound of the vanilla aroma, whereas EVA is an unequivocal proof of adulteration of vanilla flavors. Fast detection of all relevant flavors (200 s) with an acceptable resolution (R(s) >1.5) and a high accuracy (recoveries higher than 90%) were obtained with independence of the matrices and samples examined. These results showed the reliability of the method and the potential use of CE microchips in the food control field for fraudulent purposes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: María Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zougagh
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Escarpa
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ríos
mesh_terms: D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000032:analysis; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D046209:Electrophoresis, Microchip / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D013997:Time Factors; D031669:Vanilla / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001547:Benzaldehydes; D005421:Flavoring Agents; C100058:vanillin; C045941:ethyl vanillin