title: Adipogenesis is inhibited by brief, daily exposure to high-frequency, extremely low-magnitude mechanical signals.
abstract: Obesity, a global pandemic that debilitates millions of people and burdens society with tens of billions of dollars in health care costs, is deterred by exercise. Although it is presumed that the more strenuous a physical challenge the more effective it will be in the suppression of adiposity, here it is shown that 15 weeks of brief, daily exposure to high-frequency mechanical signals, induced at a magnitude well below that which would arise during walking, inhibited adipogenesis by 27% in C57BL/6J mice. The mechanical signal also reduced key risk factors in the onset of type II diabetes, nonesterified free fatty acid and triglyceride content in the liver, by 43% and 39%, respectively. Over 9 weeks, these same signals suppressed fat production by 22% in the C3H.B6-6T congenic mouse strain that exhibits accelerated age-related changes in body composition. In an effort to understand the means by which fat production was inhibited, irradiated mice receiving bone marrow transplants from heterozygous GFP+ mice revealed that 6 weeks of these low-magnitude mechanical signals reduced the commitment of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into adipocytes by 19%, indicating that formation of adipose tissue in these models was deterred by a marked reduction in stem cell adipogenesis. Translated to the human, this may represent the basis for the nonpharmacologic prevention of obesity and its sequelae, achieved through developmental, rather than metabolic, pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. clinton.rubin@sunysb.edu
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Capilla
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Luu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Busa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pessin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Judex
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D004822:Epididymis; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014732:Vibration