title: Farm-level risk factors for the presence of Salmonella in 89 Alberta swine-finishing barns.
abstract: This study investigated potential risk factors for the presence of Salmonella on 89 Alberta swine-finishing farms with the use of a questionnaire. Salmonella status was regressed on each fixed effect in a logistic mixed regression model, with farm as the random effect. Eleven variables were significant at the 10% level: farm type, number of square feet per pen, number of pigs per pen, source of feed, ration type, dust control measures, cat presence, reported effective mouse-control measures, time required to be away from pigs before visiting the farm, precautions taken when entering or leaving the farm, and reported use of antimicrobials through water. Three factors remained significant at the 5% level in the multivariable analysis: farm type, ration type, and precautions taken when entering or leaving the farm. Finishing barns at multisite operations or individual grow-to-finish farms had a greater risk of the presence of Salmonella at a single visit than did finishing barns at farrow-to-finish farms. The use of pelleted and wet feed was associated with higher odds of the presence of Salmonella than was the use of meal feed. Farms that required their personnel or visitors to shower before entering and before leaving had increased odds of the presence of Salmonella compared with farms that provided boots and coveralls; no significant difference was observed between the latter category and farms that used boot disinfection. Further work is necessary to better understand the effectiveness of all-in/all-out pig management and disinfection practices in reducing the presence of Salmonella in swine and to evaluate the association with certain types of feed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1. andrijana_rajic@phac-aspc.gc.ca
authors.forename: Andrijana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rajić
authors.forename: Brendan P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Deckert
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keenliside
authors.forename: Margaret E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: McFall
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Reid-Smith
authors.forename: Catherine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Dewey
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McEwen
mesh_terms: D000416:Alberta / Q000453:epidemiology; D000821:Animal Feed; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000635:transmission; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance / Q000662:veterinary; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000635:transmission