title: Insulin resistance and thrombogenesis: recent insights and therapeutic implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the relationship between insulin resistance and thrombogenesis, especially in the context of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, and to discuss therapeutic implications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pertinent peer-reviewed literature was examined for evidence in support of the aforementioned relationship, and the reported efficacy of various therapeutic interventions was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Robust evidence indicates that insulin resistance and enhanced thrombogenesis are closely related pathophysiologic mechanisms, especially in the presence of obesity. Thus, targeting insulin resistance and thrombogenesis may be of value in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes and associated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Many proven preventive and therapeutic strategies, such as weight loss, exercise, and various pharmaceutical agents, affect both thrombogenesis and insulin resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both insulin resistance and thrombogenesis contribute to the morbidity and mortality associated with obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Effective measures for prevention and management of diabetes and cardiovascular disease also tend to improve insulin sensitivity and to ameliorate abnormalities in coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet function.
authors.affiliation: Heart Health Center PC, Florence, Alabama 35631, USA.
authors.forename: Hisham A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Baalbaki
authors.forename: David S H
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology