title: Automatic objective diagnosis of lymph nodal disease by B-mode images from convex-type echobronchoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated whether artificial neural networks (ANNs) could diagnose pathology of lymph nodes by feeding B-mode images from convex-type echobronchoscopy to ANNs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects comprised 91 patients who had undergone endobronchial ultrasonography transbronchial needle aspiration at our hospital between April 2005 and March 2007. Diagnosis was lymph node metastasis from lung cancer in 66 patients, and sarcoidosis in 25 patients. Layered ANNs consisting of input, middle layers, and output layers were prepared. Back-propagation was chosen as a learning algorithm. For the malignant findings, images obtained from six patients with lymph node metastasis of lung cancer (ie, adenocarcinoma, two patients; squamous cell carcinoma, two patients; small cell carcinoma, two patients) were used. As benign findings, typical images obtained from three patients with sarcoidosis were used. For each image used for supervised training, 5, 10, or 15 regions of interest were randomly selected. Repeated learning comprised either 500,000 or 1,000,000 repetitions. A total of five thoracic surgeons were asked to diagnose the pathology base on the same images. Accuracies were compared between ANNs and thoracic surgeons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diagnostic accuracy of the surgeon with 5 years of experience and that of the surgeon with 1 year of experience were 78% and 51%, respectively, compared to 91% for the ANNs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessment of B-mode images by ANNs may offer a useful basis for automatic diagnostic methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Chest Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tagaya
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kurimoto
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osada
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D014463:Ultrasonography