title: Efficient nuclear delivery and nuclear body localization of antisense oligo-nucleotides using degradable polymersomes.
abstract: Delivery of antisense oligonucleotides, AON, presents many of the same challenges as delivery of any nucleic acid: charge, stability, cell uptake, endolysosomal escape, and entry into the nucleus. Here we demonstrate efficient delivery of AON after loading into biodegradable polymer vesicles or 'polymersomes'. We focus on AON delivery to muscle cells in vitro and in vivo because of the emergence of AON in therapeutic strategies directed at muscular dystrophies. To first clarify uptake kinetics without the complications of typical multi-layered myotube cultures, we use micro-patterned C2C12 cells and show efficient uptake of AON-polymersomes. The biodegradable polymersomes break down and foster AON escape with the binding of fluorescent-AON into the nuclear bodies. Intramuscular injections of the polymersome-AON into the hind limbs of mdx-dystrophic mice show more efficient nuclear uptake than AON alone and also lead to dystrophin expression in the mdx mice. In sum, these neutral, degradable carriers of AON show promise in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Chem. & Biomolecular Eng. Dept., Pennsylvania Univ., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Younghoon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Manu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tewari
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pajeroski
authors.forename: Shamik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Williams
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jason
authors.forename: Shashank
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sirsi
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.forename: Dennis E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Discher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D016189:Dystrophin / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D018101:Mice, Inbred mdx; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D016189:Dystrophin; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D011108:Polymers