title: Botulinum-A toxin: solo treatment for neuropathic noncompliant bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether botulinum-A toxin is better used alone or in conjunction with oxybutynin chloride in the management of refractory neuropathic bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 2004 and February 2006 a total of 23 children (mean age 5.6 +/- 2.5 years) with neuropathic bladder refractory to medical treatment underwent cystoscopic treatment with botulinum-A toxin. Patients were randomly assigned postoperatively using closed envelopes (blind randomization) into 2 equal groups. Group 1 (12 patients) continued to receive anticholinergics while in group 2 (11 patients) anticholinergics were discontinued. Clinical and urodynamic evaluations were performed before injection, and at 1 and 6-month intervals. Patients were then followed every 6 months with urodynamic study. The outcomes were compared between groups with a paired t test (2-tailed) and a significant p value <0.025.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximum bladder capacity increased from 96 +/- 67 (range 15 to 277) to 163 +/- 96 ml (range 50 to 500, p <0.001) and 142 +/- 65 ml (range 21 to 250, p <0.006) at 1 and 6 months, respectively. Maximal detrusor pressure decreased from 76 +/- 36 (range 36 to 209) to 50 +/- 22 cm H2O (range 20 to 100, p <0.001) and 51 +/- 21 cm H2O (range 18 to 104, p <0.001) at 1 and 6 months, respectively. From a clinical point of view 9 of the 16 incontinent patients (56.2%) showed complete continence after treatment while 4 (25%) reported mild to moderate improvement and 3 (18.8%) showed no improvement. None of the patients had side effects related to the procedure or the material used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We confirmed the beneficial use of botulinum-A toxin for the treatment of refractory neuropathic bladder and have not yet found any augmentative effect of oxybutynin chloride in this study group. Accordingly we can use such a modality as sole treatment for noncompliant neuropathic bladder.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urological Service, Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. kfouda@ksu.edu.sa
authors.forename: Khalid Fouda
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Neel
authors.forename: Sherif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seida
authors.forename: Hamdan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al-Hazmi
authors.forename: Amenah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khatab
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008588:Meningocele / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A