title: Neonatal outcomes with caesarean delivery at term.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the impact of caesarean delivery on the incidence of selected neonatal outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 15-year, population-based, cohort study (1988-2002) using the Nova Scotia Atlee Perinatal Database compared neonatal outcomes in term newborns born by spontaneous and assisted vaginal delivery, with newborns born by caesarean delivery, with and without labour, using multiple logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From a total of 142 929 deliveries, there were 27 263 caesarean deliveries, 61% of which were performed in labour. Relative risks were adjusted for year of birth, maternal age, parity, smoking, maternal weight at delivery, hypertensive diseases, diabetes, previous caesarean delivery, use of regional anaesthesia, induction of labour, gestational age at delivery and large and small for gestational age, where significant. Caesarean delivery in labour, but not caesarean delivery without labour, had increased risks for depression at birth and neonatal respiratory conditions compared with spontaneous or assisted vaginal delivery. Compared with spontaneous vaginal delivery and assisted vaginal delivery, the risk of major neonatal birth trauma was decreased for infants after caesarean delivery with labour (odds ratio (OR) = 0.34, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.56 and OR = 0.07, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.11, respectively) and caesarean delivery without labour (OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.52 and OR = 0.04, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.10, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caesarean delivery in labour, compared with vaginal delivery, is more likely to be associated with an increased risk for respiratory conditions and depression at birth than caesarean delivery without labour. Caesarean delivery appears protective against neonatal birth trauma, especially when performed without labour.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Liston
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Jangaard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015331:Cohort Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D009674:Nova Scotia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*