title: Improvement of anemia with erythropoietin and intravenous iron reduces sleep-related breathing disorders and improves daytime sleepiness in anemic patients with congestive heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Central sleep apnea (CSA) (with or without Cheyne-Stokes breathing) or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are common in congestive heart failure (CHF). Correction of anemia may improve CHF. We hypothesized that correction of anemia might also improve sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) in CHF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight patients with CHF and anemia (hemoglobin level < 12 g/dL) were treated with erythropoietin and intravenous iron to a target hemoglobin level of 13 g/dL. Home sleep recordings were done before and after 3 months of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven patients had SRBD (Apnea Hypopnea Index [AHI] of > or = 10). Hemoglobin level increased from 10.4 +/- 0.8 to 12.3 +/- 1.2 g/dL (P < .001). Total AHI values decreased from 35.9 +/- 12.2 to 24.9 +/- 12.2 (P < .001). The AHI of CSA, OSA and Cheyne-Stokes breathing decreased from 26.5 +/- 14.6 to 18.6 +/- 7.7, from 9.4 +/- 10.9 to 6.9 +/- 9.8, and from 13.1 +/- 16.4 to 9.0 +/- 12.2, respectively (all P < .05). Sleep minimal oxygen saturation (SaO2) increased from 62% +/- 12% to 71% +/- 11%; Epworth Sleepiness Scale score improved from 9.4 +/- 6.2 to 6.0 +/- 5.0 and New York Heart Association class improved from 2.9 +/- 0.4 to 1.7 +/- 0.7, all P < .001. Hemoglobin level improvement correlated with improvement in OSA+CSA, CSA, minimal SaO2, Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, and New York Heart Association class (all P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvement of anemia in CHF is associated with a reduction in SRBD and an improvement in daytime sleepiness.
authors.affiliation: Brain Sciences Faculty, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zilberman
authors.forename: Donald S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Silverberg
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bits
authors.forename: Shoshana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Steinbruch
authors.forename: Dov
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wexler
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sheps
authors.forename: Doron
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oksenberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D006397:Hematinics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D006397:Hematinics; D004921:Erythropoietin; D005293:Ferritins