title: The metabolic syndrome and retinal microvascular signs in a Japanese population: the Funagata study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship of metabolic syndrome and its components with retinopathy and other retinal microvascular signs in a Japanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Funagata study recruited 1961 (53.3% of eligible) Japanese aged 35 or older. The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed primarily using definitions of the International Diabetes Federation. Retinopathy and retinal microvascular signs were assessed from fundus photographs. Retinal arteriolar and venular diameters were measured using a computer-assisted programme.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were available for analysis in 1638 persons for retinopathy and retinal microvascular signs and 921 persons for retinal vessel diameters. Various components of the metabolic syndrome were associated with retinal microvascular signs: a larger waist circumference was associated with wider venular diameter and retinopathy lesions; a higher blood pressure level was associated with focal arteriolar narrowing, arteriovenous nicking, enhanced arteriolar wall reflex and narrower arteriolar diameter; and a higher triglyceride level was associated with enhanced arteriolar wall reflex. Overall, persons with the metabolic syndrome were more likely to have retinopathy (odds ratio 1.64, 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.64) and wider venular diameter 4.69 microm (95% CI: 1.20 to 8.19 microm) than persons without the metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report associations of metabolic syndrome components with retinopathy and wider venular diameter in Japanese adults. These data suggest that metabolic abnormalities, indicated by metabolic syndrome components, are associated with microvascular changes in the retina. There was no synergistic effect of the metabolic syndrome on retinal microvascular changes beyond its individual components.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan. ryok@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tielsch
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oizumi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daimon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kayama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D001160:Arterioles / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001824:Body Constitution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014699:Venules / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids