title: Isolation, synthesis and structures of cytotoxic ginsenoside derivatives.
abstract: Four known ginsenosides: ginsenoside-Rb1 (1), Rb3 (2), Rd (3) and Re (4) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the traditional Chinese medicine Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Further enzyme reactions and chemical modifications led us to obtain ginsenoside-M1 (5) and synthesize three novel mono-esters of ginsenoside-M1, ginsenoside-DM1 (6), PM1 (7) and SM1 (8) 30 - 50% of yield via a facile and green synthetic strategy. The structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D- and 2DNMR, as well as high resolution ESI-TOF mass spectroscopic analyses. The isolated and synthetic compounds were tested in an anti-tumor bioassay, and compounds 5-8 showed considerable cytotoxicity (SRB) against several human cancer cell lines (breast cancer MCF-7, skin melanoma SK-MEL-2 and human ovarian carcinoma B16), but moderate effects on lung carcinoma COR-L23. The other ginsenosides showed no effects.
authors.affiliation: College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiao-jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Yi-nan
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004952:Esters / Q000378:metabolism; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D003603:Cytotoxins; D004952:Esters; D036145:Ginsenosides