title: Structural identification of anthocyanins and analysis of concentrations during growth and flowering in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) petals.
abstract: The anthocyanin profiles and variety/breeding-line differences of anthocyanin concentrations in petals of common buckwheat flowers have been studied. Four anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin 3-O-rhamnoside, and cyanidin 3-O-galactosyl-rhamnoside were isolated from the petals of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), separated using high performance liquid chromatography and identified using reversed-phase liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry techniques. In every variety/breeding line tested, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside was detected as the major anthocyanin and the next is cyanidin 3-O-glucoside whereas cyanidin 3-O-rhamnoside and cyanidin 3-O-galactosyl-rhamnoside were trace or not detectable in white and pink flowered buckwheat. Of all the varieties/breeding lines tested, Gan-Chao, a Chinese variety, contained the highest amount of anthocyanins. The largest part of cyanidin moiety was presented as a proanthocyanidin form (PAs-Cy). Anthocyanins and PAs-Cy in petals were increased along with increase of flower development stages. Therefore, fully developed petals of red flowered buckwheat, especially Gan-Chao, are promising as a new anthocyanin-rich material for food processing.
authors.affiliation: National Agricultural and Food Research Organization for Hokkaido Region, Memuro, Hokkaido 082-0071, Japan. tsuzu@affrc.go.jp
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Sun-Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Zaidul Islam Sarker
authors.initials: ZI
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mukasa
authors.forename: Shigenobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takigawa
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matsuura-Endo
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D019612:Fagopyrum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; C017154:cyanidin