title: Long-term characterization of electrode materials for surface electrodes in biopotential recording.
abstract: The long-term electrical behavior of 16 different electrode materials was investigated by using continuous impedance spectroscopy over a period of 10 days. The materials included bare and electrolytically treated metals, metals coated with intrinsically conductive polymers, and polymers with conductive particles. Electrolytic treatment of metal electrodes yielded a significant impedance reduction. The lowest impedance values could be reached with the polymer-coated metal electrodes. The impedance behavior is an important aspect when choosing an electrode material, and has to be considered in signal processing. The choice of a material depends on the application of the electrode. Moreover, for long-term applications, the electrochemical stability of a material has to be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Technology and Neural Prosthetics, Fraunhofer IBMT, St. Ingbert, Germany. klaus.hoffmann@ibmt.fraunhofer.de
authors.forename: Klaus-Peter
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruff
authors.forename: Wigand
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Poppendieck
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D008670:Metals