Intracardiac electrical bioimpedance as a basis for controlling of pacing rate limits.
Intracardiac impedance can provide real-time hemodynamic information to automatically control the lower and upper rate limits of a rate-adaptive pacemaker. It is necessary to overcome a number of technical challenges to accomplish this within the constraints of an implantable device.
Kink
Andres
A
SmartImplant, Ltd., Tallinn, Estonia. andres.kink@smartimplant.ee
Salo
Rodney W
RW
Min
Mart
M
Parve
Toomas
T
Rätsep
Indrek
I
D000465:Algorithms; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D002307:Cardiography, Impedance / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D006321:Heart; D006339:Heart Rate; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D011312:Pressure