title: Separation and determination of five major opium alkaloids with mixed mode of hydrophilic/cation-exchange monolith by pressurized capillary electrochromatography.
abstract: A method for the separation and determination of five major opium alkaloids (narcotine, papaverine, thebaine, codeine, and morphine) in pericarpium papaveris by pressurized CEC (pCEC) with monolithic column has been developed. Under the optimum condition, linear calibration ranges of narcotine, papaverine, thebaine, codeine, and morphine were obtained as 2-85, 2-85, 5-75, 10-65, and 10-65 microg/mL, respectively. LODs of these analytes were 1.5-6.0 microg/mL. The RSD (n=7) of the migration time and peak area were 1.94-5.24 and 4.05-8.21%, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of pericarpium papaveris samples. Average recoveries of 79.0-95.9% at different fortified levels of alkaloids were achieved with RSD less than 4.6%. Meanwhile, the mechanism of the separation of the alkaloids on the monolithic column was also discussed. The result showed that the separation of alkaloids was mainly based on the mixed mode of hydrophilic interaction (HI) and cation exchange.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
authors.forename: Xucong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jiabin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liyu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiaochun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Haixia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Zenghong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D053801:Capillary Electrochromatography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002412:Cations / Q000737:chemistry; D003061:Codeine / Q000032:analysis*; D007474:Ion Exchange; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009020:Morphine / Q000032:analysis*; D009665:Noscapine / Q000032:analysis*; D010208:Papaverine / Q000032:analysis*; D010316:Particle Size; D011312:Pressure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013499:Surface Properties; D013797:Thebaine / Q000032:analysis*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D013797:Thebaine; D009020:Morphine; D009665:Noscapine; D010208:Papaverine; D003061:Codeine