title: Exogenous adrenomedullin prevents and reverses hypodynamic circulation and pulmonary hypertension in ovine endotoxaemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypodynamic septic shock is associated with a poor prognosis. The present randomized-controlled laboratory experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that the vasodilatory peptide hormone adrenomedullin (ADM) is a useful agent to prevent and reverse the development of hypodynamic circulation in ovine endotoxaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four healthy ewes were chronically instrumented for haemodynamic monitoring and randomly allocated to either the control, treatment, or prophylaxis group (n = 8 each). After a baseline (BL) measurement in the healthy state, all sheep were subjected to a continuous endotoxin infusion started at 10 ng kg(-1) min(-1) and doubled every hour six times. After 4 h of endotoxin challenge, the treatment group received ADM (50 ng kg(-1) min(-1)) for the remaining 3 h of the experiment. The prophylaxis group received a simultaneous infusion of endotoxin and ADM (50 ng kg(-1) min(-1)) from the beginning to the end of the 7 h intervention period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control and treatment groups, the ewes exhibited a hypodynamic circulation at 4 h (>20% reduction in cardiac index, both P < 0.01 vs BL). Endotoxin also increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) and arterial lactate concentrations. Prophylactic infusion of ADM prevented the occurrence of pulmonary hypertension and hypodynamic circulation and thereby blunted the increase in arterial lactate concentrations. In the treatment group, ADM administration increased CI (P < 0.001) and reduced both MPAP (P = 0.023) and arterial lactate concentrations (P < 0.001 each at 7 h) when compared with the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that exogenous ADM prevents and reverses hypodynamic circulation, attenuates pulmonary hypertension, and limits lactic acidosis in ovine endotoxaemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 33, D-48149 Muenster, Germany. ertmerc@gmx.net
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ertmer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morelli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rehberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hucklenbruch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Van Aken
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Booke
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Westphal
mesh_terms: D000140:Acidosis, Lactic / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D053607:Adrenomedullin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000150:complications; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D019344:Lactic Acid