title: Emotional well-being does not predict survival in head and neck cancer patients: a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of the current study was to examine whether emotional well-being predicted survival in a large sample of patients with head and neck cancer who were participating in multicenter clinical trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were enrolled in 2 Radiation Oncology Group (RTOG) clinical trials (RTOG 9003 and RTOG 9111) and completed a baseline measure of quality of life (the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General [FACT-G]), which included an Emotional Well-Being subscale. The outcome measure was overall survival. Main statistical analyses included overall survival rates, which were estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier method with univariate comparisons analyzed using the log-rank test. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine whether emotional well-being had prognostic impact on survival after accounting for tumor-related and sociodemographic variables. Additional exploratory analyses examined possible subgroup effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant univariate or multivariate effects were observed for emotional well-being, and there were no effects limited to subgroups. These results stand in sharp contrast to the prognostic value of a variety of demographic and clinical variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current results add to the weight of the evidence that emotional functioning is not an independent predictor of survival in cancer patients. The study had the advantage of a large number of deaths to be explained in a sample with the uniformity of treatment and quality of care that is required in clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. jcoyne@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Coyne
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Pajak
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Konski
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Movsas
authors.forename: Kian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Watkins Bruner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011788:Quality of Life; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate