title: An optimal spot-electrodes array for electrical impedance cardiography through determination of impedance mapping of a regional area along the medial line on the thorax.
abstract: Electrical impedance or admittance cardiography is a simple method for non-invasive, continuous measurement the stroke volume and cardiac output. For the electrical impedance cardiography, the band-electrodes array proposed by Kubicek et al has been widely used, and various spot-electrodes array have been experimented in search of a less uncomfortable and equally reliable electrodes array that is easier to attach. From the uniformity of current distribution on the thorax, we have reinvestigated focusing on the measurement of contour maps of static and pulsatile components of a regional area along the medial line on the frontal part of the thorax. Consequently, the appropriate electrodes locations for current injection were determined as the back of an ear and on the lower abdomen, while those for voltage pick-up was on the medial portion at the level of clavicle and on the portion above the xiphisternum. Preliminary comparison experiments between the cardiac output values obtained by the electrical impedance cardiography and by a pulse dye-densitometry showed a fairy good agreement.
authors.affiliation: Div. of Innovative Technol. & Sci., Kanazawa Univ., Kanazawa, Japan. aikrs@kenroku.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikarashi
authors.forename: Masamichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nogawa
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamakoshi
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamakoshi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001698:Biomedical Engineering; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002307:Cardiography, Impedance / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003720:Densitometry; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013909:Thorax