title: Structure, function, and stability of enzymes covalently attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes.
abstract: We describe the structure, activity, and stability of enzymes covalently attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Conjugates of SWNTs with three functionally unrelated enzymes-horseradish peroxidase, subtilisin Carlsberg, and chicken egg white lysozyme-were found to be soluble in aqueous solutions. Furthermore, characterization of the secondary and tertiary structure of the immobilized proteins by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopies, respectively, and determination of enzyme kinetics revealed that the enzymes retained a high fraction of their native structure and activity upon attachment to SWNTs. The SWNT-enzyme conjugates were also more stable in guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) and at elevated temperatures relative to their solution counterparts. Thus, these protein conjugates represent novel preparations that possess the attributes of both soluble enzymes-high activity and low diffusional resistance-and immobilized enzymes-high stability-making them attractive choices for applications ranging from diagnostics and sensing to drug delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
authors.forename: Prashanth
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Asuri
authors.forename: Shyam Sundhar
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bale
authors.forename: Ravindra C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Pangule
authors.forename: Dhiral A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Ravi S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dordick
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D002384:Catalysis; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004355:Drug Stability; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005470:Fluorometry; D019791:Guanidine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D009113:Muramidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012995:Solubility; D013381:Subtilisins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D014867:Water; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D009113:Muramidase; D013381:Subtilisins; D019791:Guanidine