title: Evaluation and treatment of female urinary incontinence.
abstract: Urinary incontinence is a very common and bothersome condition among women and can affect up to 50% of women during their lifetime. Older women are disproportionately affected and often view urinary incontinence as a normal part of aging, thus precluding contact with medical professionals. Physicians must therefore include questions regarding urinary incontinence as part of routing examinations. A simple, yet thorough history and physical examination along with basic testing can often aid the physician in making an accurate diagnosis and initiating effective treatment. Several interventions are available and are often chosen based on type and severity of urinary incontinence. These include conservative measures, pharmacotherapy, and surgical intervention. Also, innovative treatment modalities are constantly being investigated to manage urinary incontinence further expanding treatment options available to women.
authors.affiliation: Evanston Continence Center, Evanston Hospital, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sand
mesh_terms: D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000379:methods; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017773:Pelvic Floor; D053825:Suburethral Slings; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000628:therapy; D053202:Urinary Incontinence, Urge / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A