title: Evaluation of a cost effective technique for treating aquaculture water discharge using Lolium perenne Lam as a biofilter.
abstract: Wastewater stabilization ponds generate low cost by-products that are useful for agriculture. The utilization of these by-products for soil amendment and as a source of nutrients for plants requires a high level of sanitation and stabilization of the organic matter, to maintain acceptable levels of soil, water and air quality. In this study, two aquaculture wastewater treatment systems; recirculating system and a floating plant bed system were designed to improve the quality of irrigation water in local communities with low income. In both systems the grass species Lolium perenne Lam was used as a plant biofilter while vegetable specie Amaranthus viridis was used to evaluate the performance of the system and the suitability of the phyto-treated water for irrigation. It was found that the harmful material removal rate for recirculating system was 88.9% for TAN (total ammonia nitrogen), 90% for NO2(-)-N, 64.8% for NO3(-)-N while for floating plant bed system 82.7% for TAN, 82% for NO2(-)-N and 60.5% for NO3(-)-N. Comparative analysis of the efficiency of waste element removal between the two systems revealed that both systems performed well, however, plant growth was not robust for floating plant bed system while recirculating system is energy consuming. Although both systems did not attain sufficient levels of TN (total nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus) load reduction, the treatment with L. perenne remarkably improved the irrigation water quality. A. viridis plants irrigated with the phyto-treated discharge water had lesser concentrations of heavy metals in their tissues compared to those irrigated with untreated discharge. The control plants irrigated with untreated discharge were also found to be highly lignified with few stems and small leaves.
authors.affiliation: College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China. andre2@zju.edu.cn
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nduwimana
authors.forename: Xiang-Long
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Li-Ren
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D017756:Aquaculture; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D008129:Lolium / Q000378:metabolism*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014873:Water Pollutants