title: Source apportionment of PM(10) and PM(2.5) using positive matrix factorization and chemical mass balance in Izmir, Turkey.
abstract: Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) fractions (PM(10) and PM(2.5)) were sampled concurrently between June 2004 and May 2005 at two sites (urban and suburban) in Izmir, Turkey. The elemental composition of PM (Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, and Zn) was determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer. Elemental compositions of several PM sources were also characterized. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) and chemical mass balance modeling (CMB) were applied to determine the PM sources and their contributions to air concentrations. The major contributors to PM were fossil fuel burning, traffic emissions, mineral industries and marine salt according to the PMF results. However, undetermined parts were more than 40%. On the other hand, the contributions to PM could be determined completely by CMB, and the dominant contributor was traffic with >70% at the two sites. Fossil fuel burning, mineral industries, marine salt and natural gas-fired power plant were the minor contributors.
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Kaynaklar Campus, 35160 Buca, Izmir, Turkey. sinan.yatkin@deu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yatkin
authors.forename: Abdurrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bayram
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D003031:Coal; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008669:Metallurgy; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D010578:Petroleum; D011210:Power Plants; D014421:Turkey; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D003031:Coal; D008670:Metals; D052638:Particulate Matter; D010578:Petroleum; D001335:Vehicle Emissions