title: Disparity and its time trends in stroke mortality between urban and rural populations in China 1987 to 2001: changing patterns and their implications for public health policy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this study were to describe stroke mortality in urban and rural populations in China and to monitor the transition using the best available surveillance data during the past 2 decades.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age- and sex-specific mortality data were obtained from the death registration and classification system covering 100 million population in selected urban and rural areas in China. The age-adjusted stroke mortality and its time trends for population at aged 35 years and over were compared between urban and rural populations during the period of 1987 to 2001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age-adjusted stroke mortality was higher in urban than in rural populations until the end of 1990 s. The urban:rural ratio was 1:16 for men and 1:21 for women in 1987, but this dropped to 0:77 and 0:79, respectively, in 2001 due to a remarkable decrease in stroke mortality in urban areas (-2.0% for men and -2.5% for women annually, P<0.001), but with little change in rural men (P=0.969) and women (-0.7%, P=0.021) over the period. The decrease is mainly observed in the elderly population. It increased in the population aged 35 to 54 years for all area-gender groups except for urban women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The heavier burden of stroke shifted from urban to rural areas where a larger population resides and healthcare services are less developed than in urban areas in China. The increasing trend in the younger population will impose a greater burden in the near future. Healthcare policymakers need to focus their attention on this situation and take suitable measures to cope with the challenges it poses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Family Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4F, School of Public Health, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China. zhangxh@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Xin-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tingrui
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Jiawen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Lisheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011634:Public Health / Q000379:methods*; D012424:Rural Population; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D013997:Time Factors; D014505:Urban Population