title: Modeling the effect of storage atmosphere on growth-no growth interface of Listeria monocytogenes as a function of temperature, sodium lactate, sodium diacetate, and NaCl.
abstract: The effect of aerobic and anaerobic conditions on growth initiation by a 10-strain composite of Listeria monocytogenes (10(4) CFU/ml) was evaluated in tryptic soy broth with 0.6% yeast extract (TSBYE) as a function of 220 combinations of pH (3.82 to 7.42), sodium lactate (SL) (0 to 10%, vol/vol), and sodium diacetate (SD) (0 to 0.5%, wt/vol) at 10 or 30 degrees C (a slightly abusive and the optimal growth temperature, both above the growth limiting range of 0 to 3 degrees C for L. monocytogenes) in 96-well microplates. In addition, four probability-of-growth models were developed to quantify the effect of 346 aerobic and 346 anaerobic combinations of temperature (4 to 30 degrees C), SL (0 to 6%, vol/vol), and SD (0 to 0.5%, wt/vol) in the presence of NaCl (0.5 or 2.5%, wt/vol) on the growth-no growth responses of the same L. monocytogenes strain composite, with a microplate reader. Growth responses were evaluated turbidimetrically (620 nm) every 5 days for a total of 40 days. Data were modeled with logistic regression to determine the growth-no growth interfaces. The minimum pH values at which growth of L. monocytogenes occurred were higher under anaerobic than under aerobic conditions, and this difference was more evident at 10 degrees C or at higher SL and SD concentrations. The MIC of SD decreased with increasing SL levels. Anaerobic storage reduced the levels of SL-SD, allowing the growth of L. monocytogenes compared with aerobic storage, especially at low temperatures. In the presence of 2.5% NaCl, the MICs for SD were lower than those obtained with 0.5% NaCl, especially at 4 and 10 degrees C, or in the presence of 5 to 6% SL. The developed models for anaerobic incubation showed good performance (80% successful predictions; i.e., in 40 of 50 comparisons) with independent data from studies on survival-growth of L. monocytogenes on meat products. The study provides quantitative data on the antimicrobial activity of SL (0 to 10%) and SD (0 to 0.5%), temperature (4 to 30 degrees C), and pH (3.82 to 7.42) and on the probability of growth of L. monocytogenes under anaerobic or aerobic conditions in the presence of 0.5 or 2.5% NaCl, and hence, addresses important needs for risk assessment activities.
authors.affiliation: Center for Red Meat Safety, Department of Animal Sciences, 1171 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Panagiotis N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Skandamis
authors.forename: Jarret D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Stopforth
authors.forename: Yohan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Sofos
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D005520:Food Preservatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008954:Models, Biological; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D018570:Risk Assessment; D019346:Sodium Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D019354:Sodium Lactate / Q000494:pharmacology; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D005520:Food Preservatives; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D019346:Sodium Acetate; D010100:Oxygen; D019354:Sodium Lactate