title: Interhemispheric connections of the ventral premotor cortex in a new world primate.
abstract: This study describes the pattern of interhemispheric connections of the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) distal forelimb representation (DFL) in squirrel monkeys. Our objectives were to describe qualitatively and quantitatively the connections of PMv with contralateral cortical areas. Intracortical microstimulation techniques (ICMS) guided the injection of the neuronal tract tracers biotinylated dextran amine or Fast blue into PMv DFL. We classified the interhemispheric connections of PMv into three groups. Major connections were found in the contralateral PMv and supplementary motor area (SMA). Intermediate interhemispheric connections were found in the rostral portion of the primary motor cortex, the frontal area immediately rostral and ventral to PMv (FR), cingulate motor areas (CMAs), and dorsal premotor cortex (PMd). Minor connections were found inconsistently across cases in the anterior operculum (AO), posterior operculum/inferior parietal cortex (PO/IP), and posterior parietal cortex (PP), areas that consistently show connections with PMv in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Within-case comparisons revealed that the percentage of PMv connections with contralateral SMA and PMd are higher than the percentage of PMv connections with these areas in the ipsilateral hemisphere; percentages of PMv connections with contralateral M1 rostral, FR, AO, and the primary somatosensory cortex are lower than percentages of PMv connections with these areas in the ipsilateral hemisphere. These studies increase our knowledge of the pattern of interhemispheric connection of PMv. They help to provide an anatomical foundation for understanding PMv's role in motor control of the hand and interhemispheric interactions that may underlie the coordination of bimanual movements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA. Numa_Dancause@urmc.rochester.edu
authors.forename: Numa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dancause
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barbay
authors.forename: Shawn B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mahnken
authors.forename: Randolph J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Nudo
mesh_terms: D000578:Amidines; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D001710:Biotin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D003911:Dextrans; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D005552:Forelimb / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D006225:Hand / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D012453:Saimiri / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000578:Amidines; D003911:Dextrans; C076397:biotinylated dextran amine; C031455:diamidino compound 253-50; D001710:Biotin