title: Concise classification of the genomic porcine endogenous retroviral gamma1 load to defined lineages.
abstract: We investigated the infection history of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) gamma1 by analyzing published env and LTR sequences. PERV sequences from various breeds, porcine cell lines and infected human primary cells were included in the study. We identified a considerable number of retroviral lineages indicating multiple independent colonization events of the porcine genome. A recent boost of the proviral load in an isolated pig herd and exclusive occurrence of distinct lineages in single studies indicated the ongoing colonization of the porcine genome with endogenous retroviruses. Retroviral recombination between co-packaged genomes was a general factor for PERV gamma1 diversity which indicated the simultaneous expression of different proviral loci over a period of time. In total, our detailed description of endogenous retroviral lineages is the prerequisite for breeding approaches to minimize the infectious potential of porcine tissues for the subsequent use in xenotransplantation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Hackerstrasse 27, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany. n.klymiuk@gen.vetmed.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Nikolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Klymiuk
authors.forename: Eckhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aigner
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D020077:Endogenous Retroviruses / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D015686:Gene Products, env; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013552:Swine / Q000821:virology*; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences
chemical_list: D015686:Gene Products, env