title: Prognostic factors and recurrence of small hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection or microwave ablation: a retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to analyze the long-term therapeutic results of small HCC less than 5 cm in diameter after microwave ablation (MA) or hepatic resection (HR) and choose factors that could predict metastasis and recurrence of small HCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The metastasis and recurrence of 194 patients with one HCC less than 5 cm in diameter who underwent curative HR or MA between January 1995 and December 2004 were reviewed retrospectively; immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expressions of VEGF, bFGF, and c-Met in HCC tissues. Posttreatment prognostic factors were evaluated by multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazards model. The variables included the expressions of these three proteins in HCC tissues, the clinical and pathologic characteristics of the patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The retrospective study showed that 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival rates of patients with single HCC of diameter <5 cm were 71.3, 57.0 and 32.5%, respectively. Furthermore, 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival rates of the patients in MA group and resection group were 72.8, 54.0 and 33.0%; 68.5, 60.0, and 25.6%, respectively. There was no significant difference in disease-free survival rates between these two groups. The result of multivariate analysis showed that differentiation degree of HCC and the expressions of VEGF and c-Met in HCC tissues could be as the independent prognostic factors affecting metastasis and recurrence in patients with small HCC, whereas the methods of therapy had no impact on prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The metastasis and recurrence rate after MA is similar to that after HR, and the methods of therapy do not affect the prognosis of small HCC. The metastasis and recurrence of patients with small HCC will differ depending on tumor differentiation, expressions of VEGF and c-Met in HCC tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhi Li
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Bao Wei
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Xiao Ling
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: De Jiang
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality*; D011379:Prognosis; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met