[Importance of the obstructive sleep apnea disorder for perioperative medicine].
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related disorder among the general population. This disorder occurs in all sleep stages, although is more intense during the REM sleep (rapid eye movement). In this stage appears generalized muscle atony, which includes the hypopharyngeal muscles; this causes narrowing of the upper airway lumen, difficult inside/outside air movement and mechanical obstruction. OSA is considered a risk for: a) difficult airway intubation/ventilation; b) increase of cardiovascular morbidity; c) development of hypoxia and hypercarbia during spontaneous or assisted ventilation techniques. For these reasons, it is possible to assume that OSA may increase the perioperative risk and should be timely and properly ascertained. The main objective of this paper is to review the effect of OSA in patients undergoing anesthetic and surgical procedures, whether it increases the perioperative risk, and the advantages of its timely identification and assessment when carrying out the pre-anesthetic evaluation.
Covarrubias-Gómez
Alfredo
A
Departamento de Medicina del Dolor y Paliativa, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico. alfredocov@yahoo.com
Guevara-López
Uriah
U
Haro-Valencia
Reyes
R
Alvarado-Suárez
Mariela
M
D000758:Anesthesia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative