title: Branching patterns and intraosseous course of the mental nerve.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to clarify the branching patterns of the mental nerve (MN) and intraosseous courses of the MN branches, and to determine the clinical relevance of the various courses of the MN branches.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the topography of the MN by dissecting 31 hemifaces of Korean cadavers. Based on the distribution area of the MN, it was divided into angular (A), medial inferior labial (ILm), lateral inferior labial (ILl), and mental (M) branches. We classified the branching patterns of the 4 branches of the MN into 5 types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Type II, in which the MN divided into 3 branches (A, ILm, and M), with the ILl branch separating from the A branch, was the most common (35.4%). The MN was classified based on the shape of the anterior loop into loop, straight, and vertical patterns, which constituted 61.5%, 23.1%, and 15.4%, respectively. In the mandibular canal, the inferior alveolar nerve completely divided into the MN and the dental nerve, which supplies the teeth. In 17 cases (81%), the nerve bundles constituting the A branch were located at the superior aspect, whereas the nerve bundles of the inferior labial and mental branches were in the middle and inferior aspects within the mandibular canal, respectively, at the mental foramen region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations can help clinicians to predict the location or extent of paresthesia in the facial region according to the location and extent of nerve damage during dental implant surgery or genioplasty.
authors.affiliation: Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Human Identification Research Center, Brain Korea 21 Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Seok
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Hee-Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Mi-Sun
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.forename: Hyuk-Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Hee-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D002680:Chin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000294:innervation*; D004210:Dissection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea; D008046:Lip / Q000294:innervation; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000294:innervation*; D008340:Mandibular Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010519:Periodontium / Q000294:innervation; D014070:Tooth / Q000294:innervation