title: Eating disorders and illness burden in patients with bipolar spectrum disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of the study were to evaluate the clinical significance of lifetime eating disorder comorbidity in a well-defined sample of patients with bipolar spectrum disorders and to describe cognitive correlates of disordered eating in this group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six bipolar patients with a lifetime history of a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV)-defined eating disorder (n = 17) or a clinically significant subthreshold eating disorder (n = 9) (ED group) were compared with 46 bipolar patients with no history of an eating disorder (no-ED group) on demographic and clinical characteristics at study presentation, history of bipolar illness, and other psychiatric comorbidity. Measures included the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, the Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale-Bipolar Version (CGI-S-BP), and the Eating Disorder Examination. Height and weight were recorded to calculate body mass index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the ED group were heavier and were rated as more symptomatic on the CGI-S-BP than were patients in the no-ED group. The ED group also had a higher number of lifetime depressive episodes and greater psychiatric comorbidity, excluding eating and mood disorders. Finally, after controlling for body mass index and CGI-S-BP rating, patients in the ED group had significantly higher Eating Disorder Examination Restraint, Eating Concern, Shape Concern, Weight Concern, and Global scores than did patients in the no-ED group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings highlight the need for a renewed emphasis on the evaluation and management of weight and eating in the mood disorders. In particular, this research suggests that eating disorder comorbidity may be a marker for increased symptom load and illness burden in bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. wildesje@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wildes
authors.forename: Marsha D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fagiolini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D015897:Comorbidity; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index