title: 4D functional imaging in the freely moving rat.
abstract: We describe a two-frequency diffuse optical tomographic (DOT) imaging and EEG recording system suitable for the study of real-time hemodynamic and neural activities in freely moving rats. The system uses a bundle of 16 optical fibers that both deliver light and capture its reemission. This bundle runs in parallel with a cable carrying EEG signals from 16 microelectrodes. Both data collection arrays terminate in a precision-machined cap that is surgically attached to the skull. Free movement is enabled by suspending the cables with an elastic cord. Rats are also tracked with a video system so their behavior can be compared to hemodynamic and neural activity. Optical measurements are done with 760 and 830 nm laser diodes using a time-multiplexed, frequency-encoded illumination scheme at a source-switching speed of 68 Hz. EEG, optical and video data are all timestamped with the same clock, ensuring information synchrony. Automated optical system set-up and control is done with a LabVIEW interface that allows on-the-fly adjustment of gain, data integrity checks and system calibration, among other functionalities. EEG recording is done with a Neuralynx (Tucson, AZ) recording system. Collected optical data are converted to volumetric images either in real-time or offline. The integrated system includes comprehensive image formation, display and time-series analysis software suitable for processing data independently or in combination.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holzer
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: Yaling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Graber
authors.forename: Rehman-Ansari
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Abdul
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: Randall
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barbour
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D055100:Optical Fibers; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D041622:Tomography, Optical / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014741:Video Recording / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods