title: Apoptotic phenotype alters the capacity of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand to induce human vascular endothelial activation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ability of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to activate vascular endothelium is unclear. This study investigates the link between endothelial apoptosis and activation in response to TRAIL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endothelial cell apoptosis was modeled with the immortalized human endothelial cell line EA.hy926, and with primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) sensitized with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 in 1% serum. EA.hy926 expressed greatest levels of TRAIL receptors R1 and R2, and HUVEC of R2 and R3, determined by flow cytometry. Recombinant human (rh)TRAIL induced apoptosis in both models, reducing cell numbers preventable with caspase inhibitors, and confirmed by annexin V staining. In EA.hy926, rhTRAIL activated NF-kappaB (1 h) with increased ICAM-1 expression (24 h). rhTRAIL also increased adhesion of human neutrophils, blocked with an antibody to neutrophil CD18, a ligand for ICAM-1, and with antibodies to TRAIL and TRAIL-R1 and R2. rhTRAIL increased neutrophil adhesion to sensitized HUVEC, without effect on unmodified HUVEC. rhTRAIL did not increase surface labeling of ICAM-1 or E-selectin in sensitized HUVEC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TRAIL increases neutrophil adhesion when it concurrently induces apoptosis both in EA.hy926 and in sensitized HUVEC. TRAIL may therefore induce endothelial activation in concert with endothelial apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Pei-Lin
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Easton
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D053320:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10c; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000378:metabolism*; D053319:Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018821:CD18 Antigens; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases; D002867:Chromones; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D019040:E-Selectin; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D009025:Morpholines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D053320:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10c; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D053319:Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors; C505661:FASLG protein, human; C105190:TNFRSF10A protein, human; C505639:TNFRSF10B protein, human; C108661:TNFRSF10C protein, human; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one