title: Thyroid function test abnormalities in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sorafenib.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sorafenib is an orally bioavailable vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor with antitumor activity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Sunitinib, also a VEGFR inhibitor, induces biochemical hypothyroidism in 85% of metastatic RCC patients, the majority of whom have signs or symptoms of hypothyroidism. Hence, the incidence of thyroid function test (TFT) abnormalities in patients with metastatic RCC receiving sorafenib was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight patients with metastatic RCC were treated with sorafenib at the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, and 39 patients had TFTs available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight patients (21%) had thyroid dysfunction possibly caused by sorafenib [seven hypothyroidism (18%) and one hyperthyroidism (3%)] and eight additional patients (21%) had findings compatible with nonthyroidal illness. Only two patients had clinical signs and symptoms secondary to thyroid dysfunction and received thyroid hormone replacement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, clinically significant TFT abnormalities were not common in patients treated with sorafenib, and replacement therapy was rarely indicated. TFTs should be measured before sorafenib therapy in RCC patients and subsequently only if clinically indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. tamaski@ccf.org
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tamaskar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bukowski
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elson
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ioachimescu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dreicer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mekhail
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Rini
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D000077157:Sorafenib; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests
chemical_list: D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib