title: Real-time MR imaging of myocardial regional function using strain-encoding (SENC) with tissue through-plane motion tracking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To implement real-time myocardial strain-encoding (SENC) imaging in combination with tracking the tissue displacement in the through-plane direction.
  
  
  METHODS
  SENC imaging was combined with the slice-following technique by implementing three-dimensional (3D) selective excitation. Certain adjustments were implemented to reduce scan time to one heartbeat. A total of 10 volunteers and five pigs were scanned on a 3T MRI scanner. Spatial modulation of magnetization (SPAMM)-tagged images were acquired on planes orthogonal to the SENC planes for comparison. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in two pigs and the resulting SENC images were compared to standard delayed-enhancement (DE) images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The strain values computed from SENC imaging with slice-following showed significant difference from those acquired without slice-following, especially during systole (P < 0.01). The strain curves computed from the SENC images with and without slice-following were similar to those computed from the orthogonal SPAMM images, with and without, respectively, tracking the tag line displacement in the strain direction. The resulting SENC images showed good agreement with the DE images in identifying MI in infarcted pigs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Correction of through-plane motion in real-time cardiac functional imaging is feasible using slice-following. The strain measurements are more accurate than conventional SENC measurements in humans and animals, as validated with conventional MRI tagging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA. sayed@jhu.edu
authors.forename: El-Sayed H
authors.initials: el-SH
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stuber
authors.forename: Ahmed S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fahmy
authors.forename: Khaled Z
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Abd-Elmoniem
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasano
authors.forename: M Roselle
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: Nael F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Osman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009068:Movement; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D013552:Swine