title: Biodegradation and sorption of nodularin (NOD) in fine-grained sediments.
abstract: Nodularin (NOD) is a cyclic pentapeptide hepatotoxin produced by the bloom forming cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena. The fate of the toxin in the aquatic environment has not been fully evaluated. In the current study the changes in NOD concentration caused by biodegradation and sorption in samples from the Baltic were studied. Seawater of various salinities (0, 4, 8 and 12 PSU) and three forms of fine-grained sediment (sterile wet sediment, non-sterile wet sediment, and combusted sterile sediment) were incubated with 34.7 microg of NOD. The toxin was seen to be highly stable both in sterile and non-sterile seawater. During the 21-day experiment NOD concentrations in solutions overlying the combusted sediment and the sterile wet sediment were reduced to 12.5+/-2.6% and 59.8+/-2.4% of the initial value. The greatest loss of the toxin (up to 100%) was observed in the non-sterile seawater incubated with non-sterile wet sediment. These results indicate an important role of benthic microbial community in nodularin removal. Two biodegradation products with similar spectral characteristics to NOD were detected; one of which was identified as Adda amino acid.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland. annat@ocean.univ.gda.pl
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toruńska
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bolałek
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pliński
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mazur-Marzec
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D046932:Nodularia / Q000737:chemistry; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D008387:Marine Toxins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C063998:nodularin