title: Protective effects of garlic powder against potassium dichromate-induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity.
abstract: Potassium dichromate (K(2)Cr(2)O(7))-induced nephrotoxicity is associated with oxidative stress. In the present work the effect of garlic powder, a recognized antioxidant, on K(2)Cr(2)O(7)-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress was studied. Rats were fed a 2% garlic powder diet for 1 month. A single injection of K(2)Cr(2)O(7) (15 mg/kg) to rats induced tubule interstitial damage and an increase in the following markers of renal injury 2 days later: blood urea nitrogen (4.6-fold), serum creatinine (9.7-fold), proteinuria (35.9-fold), urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (12.9-fold) and glutathione-S-transferase (2.3-fold) and a decrease of 65% in serum glutathione peroxidase activity. In addition, K(2)Cr(2)O(7) injection increased the following nitrosative and oxidative stress markers in kidney: 3-nitrotyrosine (1.9-fold), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (2.1-fold), malondialdehyde (1.8-fold) and protein carbonyl content (1.7-fold). It was found that garlic powder feeding was able to prevent by 44-71% the alterations in the markers of renal injury studied, by 55% the histological damage, and by 47-100% the increase in markers of oxidative and nitrosative stress. It is concluded that the ability of garlic powder to ameliorate K(2)Cr(2)O(7)-induced renal injury is associated with its antioxidant properties. Our data support the use of garlic powder as a renoprotective agent.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Edificio F, Segundo Piso, Laboratorio 209, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 D.F., Mexico. pedraza@servidor.unam.mx
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pedraza-Chaverri
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yam-Canul
authors.forename: Yolanda I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Chirino
authors.forename: Dolores Javier
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez-González
authors.forename: Claudia María
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Martínez-Martínez
authors.forename: Cristino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Omar N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Medina-Campos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D002424:Caustics / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005737:Garlic; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011192:Potassium Dichromate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D011208:Powders; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002424:Caustics; D011208:Powders; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D011192:Potassium Dichromate