title: Akt-induced tamoxifen resistance is associated with altered FKHR regulation.
abstract: The Akt kinase is a serine/threonine protein kinase that has been implicated in mediating a variety of biological responses, is associated with a poor pathophenotype in breast carcinoma, and is involved in hormone and chemotherapy resistance, including resistance to the antiestrogen, tamoxifen. Akt promotes cell survival by phosphorylating and inactivating proapoptotic proteins and increasing the transcription of survival genes. To explore the role that specific components of the Akt kinase pathway play in the cellular response to tamoxifen, we transfected MCF-7 cells with an expression plasmid for a constitutively active Akt. We found that MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines expressing a constitutively active Akt are able to proliferate under reduced estrogen conditions and are resistant to the growth inhibitory effects of tamoxifen, both in vitro as well as in vivo in xenograft models. Initial analysis of the molecular responses in the Akt/MCF-7 xenografts to tamoxifen suggests that high Akt activity alters apoptotic responses to tamoxifen. Control MCF-7 xenografts demonstrated activation of the proapoptotic forkhead (FKHR) transcription factor in response to tamoxifen treatment, while the xenografts expressing the constitutively active Akt transgene demonstrated no alterations in FKHR expression. In addition, TUNEL analysis demonstrated higher levels of apoptosis in the control xenografts in response to tamoxifen treatment compared to the Akt xenografts. Inhibition of Akt activity in vitro restored apoptotic responses to tamoxifen in the Akt/MCF-7 cells to those observed in the control cells. These data suggest that alteration of survival responses is an important mechanism by which Akt confers resistance to tamoxifen.
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cavazos
authors.forename: Elissa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Donzis
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Friedrichs
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marciniak
authors.forename: Linda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: deGraffenried
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000502:physiology*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; C085126:FOXO1 protein, human; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D013629:Tamoxifen; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt