title: Pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium xenopi: the first case in Korea.
abstract: Mycobacterium xenopi is a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) that rarely causes pulmonary disease in Asia. Here we describe the first case of M. xenopi pulmonary disease in Korea. A 66-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a 2-month history of productive cough and hemoptysis. His past medical history included pulmonary tuberculosis 44 years earlier, leading to a right upper lobectomy. Chest X-ray upon admission revealed cavitary consolidation involving the entire right lung. Numerous acid-fast bacilli were seen in his initial sputum, and M. xenopi was subsequently identified in more than five sputum cultures, using molecular methods. Despite treatment with clarithromycin, rifampicin, ethambutol, and streptomycin, the infiltrative shadow revealed on chest X-ray increased in size. The patient's condition worsened, and a right completion pneumonectomy was performed. The patient consequently died of respiratory failure on postoperative day 47, secondary to the development of a late bronchopleural fistula. This case serves as a reminder to clinicians that the incidence of NTM infection is increasing in Korea and that unusual NTM are capable of causing disease in non-immunocompromised patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Won-Jung
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: O Jung
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Nam Yong
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Mog
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Young Kil
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Gill Han
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Ho-Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Mun
authors.forename: Bum-Joon
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology; D019912:Mycobacterium xenopi / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011859:Radiography; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins