title: Comparison of facial proportions and anthropometric norms among Turkish young adults with different face types.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to determine the prevalence of three different face types among Turkish young adults based on facial indices, to assess and compare the vertical and horizontal dimensions for each type, and to establish anthropometric norms for Turkish adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 173 healthy young adults (83 females and 90 males) 17 to 25 years of age were examined. Using anthropometric landmarks, 8 horizontal and 10 vertical direct measurements were made with a millimetric compass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using facial indices, 59 of the 173 subjects were classified as euryprosopic, 49 as mesoprosopic, and 65 as leptoproposic. In the total evaluation of both groups, all the parameters were higher in the males except forehead heights 1 and 2. A comparison of face types in females and males separately showed no significant differences between the parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data presented in this study may help plastic surgeons and orthodontists objectively determine the relationships between facial structures for different face types. Additionally, the facial anthropometric norms derived from this study may be useful in the treatment of Turkish patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Dicle University, Faculty of Dentistry, Diyarbakir, Turkey. agseher@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Seher Gündüz
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.forename: Celal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Genç
authors.forename: Bahadir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Odabaş
authors.forename: Jalen Devecioğlu
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D003469:Culture; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D014421:Turkey