Apomorphine therapy in Parkinson's disease: a review.
Motor fluctuations are common and distressing for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. Subcutaneous apomorphine injections can be an extremely valuable adjunctive therapy. In this review, the authors discuss the history, pharmacology, efficacy, safety and proper administration of apomorphine for treating 'off' states in Parkinson's disease, with a focus on intermittent subcutaneous administration.
Haq
Ihtsham Ul
IU
Movement Disorders Program, University of Florida, Department of Neurology/McKnight Brain Institute, 100 S. Newell Drive, PO Box 100236, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0236, USA. ihtsham.haq@neurology.ufl.edu
Lewitt
Peter A
PA
Fernandez
Hubert H
HH
D000818:Animals; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*
D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D001058:Apomorphine