title: Cancer-causing mutations in a novel transcription-dependent nuclear export motif of VHL abrogate oxygen-dependent degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor.
abstract: It is thought that degradation of nuclear proteins by the ubiquitylation system requires nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking of E3 ubiquitin ligases. The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor protein is the substrate recognition component of a Cullin-2-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase that recruits hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) for oxygen-dependent degradation. We demonstrated that VHL engages in nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking that requires ongoing transcription to promote efficient HIF degradation. Here, we report the identification of a discreet motif, DXGX(2)DX(2)L, that directs transcription-dependent nuclear export of VHL and which is targeted by naturally occurring mutations associated with renal carcinoma and polycythemia in humans. The DXGX(2)DX(2)L motif is also found in other proteins, including poly(A)-binding protein 1, to direct its transcription-dependent nuclear export. We define DXGX(2)DX(2)L as TD-NEM (transcription-dependent nuclear export motif), since inhibition of transcription by actinomycin D or 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole abrogates its nuclear export activity. Disease-causing mutations of key residues of TD-NEM restrain the ability of VHL to efficiently mediate oxygen-dependent degradation of HIF by altering its nuclear export dynamics without affecting interaction with its substrate. These results identify a novel nuclear export motif, further highlight the role of nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of E3 ligases in degradation of nuclear substrates, and provide evidence that disease-causing mutations can target subcellular trafficking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Mireille
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khacho
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mekhail
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pilon-Larose
authors.forename: Josianne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Payette
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D049790:Nuclear Export Signals; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D049790:Nuclear Export Signals; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein; C497446:VHL protein, human; D010100:Oxygen