title: k-t2 BLAST: exploiting spatiotemporal structure in simultaneously cardiac and respiratory time-resolved volumetric imaging.
abstract: Multidimensional imaging resolving both the cardiac and respiratory cycles simultaneously has the potential to describe important physiological interdependences between the heart and pulmonary processes. A fully five-dimensional acquisition with three spatial and two temporal dimensions is hampered, however, by the long acquisition time and low spatial resolution. A technique is proposed to reduce the scan time substantially by extending the k-t BLAST framework to two temporal dimensions. By sampling the k-t space sparsely in a lattice grid, the signal in the transform domain, x-f space, can be densely packed, exploiting the fact that large regions in the field of view have low temporal bandwidth. A volumetric online prospective triggering approach with full cardiac and respiratory cycle coverage was implemented. Retrospective temporal interpolation was used to refine the timing estimates for the center of k-space, which is sampled for all cardiac and respiratory time frames. This resulted in reduced reconstruction error compared with conventional k-t BLAST reconstruction. The k-t(2) BLAST technique was evaluated by decimating a fully sampled five-dimensional data set, and feasibility was further demonstrated by performing sparsely sampled acquisitions. Compared to the fully sampled data, a fourfold improvement in spatial resolution was accomplished in approximately half the scan time.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Medicine and Care, Linköping University, Sweden. andreas.sigfridsson@imv.liu.se
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sigfridsson
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wigström
authors.forename: John-Peder Escobar
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kvitting
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Knutsson
mesh_terms: D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D012119:Respiration