title: Haplotypes of the fibrinogen gene and cerebral small vessel disease: the Rotterdam scan study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fibrinogen levels and fibrinogen clot structure have been implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. We examined fibrinogen levels and variation in fibrinogen genes (fibrinogen gamma (FGG), alpha (FGA) and beta (FGB)), which have been associated with fibrin clot structure and fibrinogen levels, in relation to cerebral small vessel disease (SVD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study was performed as part of the Rotterdam Scan Study, a population based study in 1077 elderly patients undergoing cerebral MRI. Plasma fibrinogen levels and haplotypes were determined. We examined the association between fibrinogen levels and haplotype with silent brain infarcts and white matter lesions using logistic regression models. We constructed seven haplotypes (frequency >0.01) that describe the total common variation in the FGG and FGA genes. Haplotype 2 (GATAGTG) was associated with the presence of silent brain infarcts compared with the most frequent haplotype (GGTGGTA) (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.94). Haplotype 3 (GGCGATA) was associated with periventricular white matter lesions in the highest tertile of the distribution (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.92). No association was found between plasma fibrinogen levels and SVD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provides evidence for an association of common variation in the FGG and FGA genes with cerebral SVD. It is possible that the structure of the fibrin clot rather than plasma fibrinogen levels plays a role in the pathogenesis of cerebral SVD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Oijen
authors.forename: E Y L
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: C E M
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Geluk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Koudstaal
authors.forename: M M B
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Breteler
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: de Maat
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D005340:Fibrinogen