title: Pilot-scale evaluation of UV reactors' efficacy against in vitro infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts.
abstract: An experimental protocol was developed to assess the efficacy of two UV reactors (medium-pressure UVaster), and a low-pressure reactor) on the infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts under conditions mimicking small- or medium-size water distribution units. The protocol included purification of large amounts of viable oocysts from experimentally infected calf feces, pilot spiking, sample concentration and purification after UV radiation, oocyst quantification and in vitro evaluation of oocyst infectivity on HCT-8 cells. Water samples were collected at intervals upstream and downstream from the UV reactor after spiking. Oocysts were concentrated by centrifugation, purified by immunomagnetic capture and quantified using laser-scanning cytometry. An enhanced in vitro infectivity test on HCT-8 cells was developed, where oocysts were pretreated in order to obtain maximized in vitro infectivity, and infectious foci were enumerated after immunofluorescence staining after 3 days of culture. This method was superior to viability measured by excystation for assessing oocyst infectivity. The infectivity rate of untreated oocysts ranged between 9% and 30% in replicate experiments. The method allowed us to determine inactivation rates >4.92 (log) with UVaster and >4.82 with the LP reactor after exposition of oocysts to an effective dose of 400 J m(-2) at flow rates of 15 and 42 m(3) h(-1), respectively.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Analysis of Veolia Environment, Saint Maurice, France.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Entrala
authors.forename: Yves J F
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Garin
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meneceur
authors.forename: Maud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayat
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scherpereel
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Savin
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Féliers
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Derouin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D016785:Cryptosporidium parvum / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000469:parasitology*; D006801:Humans; D050296:Microbial Viability; D033661:Oocysts / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*