title: Intrauterine growth restriction and placental location.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether an association exists between intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and second-trimester placental location.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was performed in well-dated singleton pregnancies with (n = 67) and without (n = 205) IUGR (defined as estimated fetal weight <10th percentile for gestational age at the last sonographic examination) to investigate the association between IUGR and placental location. Placental location was determined by sonography at 16 to 20 weeks' gestation. Maternal, perinatal, and delivery characteristics were abstracted from medical records. Group comparisons were made by the Student t test, chi(2) analysis, the Fisher exact test, the Wilcoxon test, and analysis of variance. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between IUGR and placental location.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both groups, the most common placental locations in the second trimester were anterior and posterior. After adjusting for potential confounders (including race, chronic hypertension, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy), IUGR pregnancies were nearly 4-fold more likely to have lateral placentation (odds ratio, 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-11.2) compared with anterior or posterior placentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnancies complicated by IUGR are significantly more likely than non-IUGR pregnancies to have lateral placentation in the second trimester.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
authors.forename: Lucy E G
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Kalanithi
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Illuzzi
authors.forename: Vladimir B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Nossov
authors.forename: Yr
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Frisbaek
authors.forename: Sonya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdel-Razeq
authors.forename: Joshua A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Copel
authors.forename: Errol R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Norwitz
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010920:Placenta / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*