title: Pediatric iatrogenic spinal deformity.
abstract: This article reviews current published literature regarding pediatric iatrogenic spinal deformity, with particular emphasis on the cervical spine. The results of published series reporting the incidence, etiology, age, risk factors, surgical techniques, and treatment options are summarized. Iatrogenic deformity resulting from radiation therapy and a variety of surgical procedures are addressed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts-New England Medical Center, 750 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
authors.forename: Steven W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Ron I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Riesenburger
authors.forename: Edward C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Benzel
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D007796:Laminectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013121:Spinal Curvatures / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology