title: Role of right ventricular wall motion abnormalities in risk stratification and prognosis of patients referred for stress echocardiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of assessing right ventricular (RV) wall motion abnormalities during stress echocardiography (SE).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The results of SE are usually interpreted based on wall motion abnormalities of the left ventricle (LV). There is increasing recognition of the prognostic importance of RV. However, RV is still a "forgotten" chamber during routine SE.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 2,703 patients referred for SE. The LV was evaluated on a 16-segment model 5-point scale and the RV was evaluated on a 3-segment model 5-point scale for wall motion abnormalities. An abnormal RV or LV was defined as one with new (ischemic) or fixed (infarction) wall motion abnormalities. Follow-up (2.7 +/- 1.0 years) for confirmed myocardial infarction and cardiac death (n = 122) were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An abnormal RV was seen in 112 patients (4%). In the presence of an abnormal LV, patients with abnormal RV had a worse prognosis than those with normal RV. Abnormal RV was a significant predictor of events (adjusted hazard ratio 2.69, 95% confidence interval 1.22 to 5.92; p = 0.014) independent of LV ischemia and ejection fraction. A forward conditional Cox model showed that peak RV wall motion score index provided incremental prognostic value over rest and conventional SE variables (global chi-square increased from 141.4 to 161.8 to 197.0; p < 0.0001 and p = 0.006, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients referred for SE, RV wall motion analysis provides prognostic value independent of LV ischemia and ejection fraction and provides incremental value over rest and conventional SE variables. Right ventricular wall motion analysis should be routinely performed in patients referred for SE for effective risk stratification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital and Columbia University, New York, New York 10025, USA.
authors.forename: Sripal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bangalore
authors.forename: Siu-Sun
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Farooq A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D025401:Echocardiography, Stress / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000002:abnormalities; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012307:Risk Factors; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*