title: Social anxiety and disinhibition: an analysis of curiosity and social rank appraisals, approach-avoidance conflicts, and disruptive risk-taking behavior.
abstract: We examined how social anxiety is related to appraisals for various disinhibited behaviors and sought to identify potential subgroups of socially anxious people. College students completed trait measures and appraised disinhibited behaviors on their potential for threat, opportunity to satisfy curiosity, and ability to enhance social status. Three months later, participants were asked to report on their frequency of disinhibited behaviors since the initial assessment. People with greater social anxiety demonstrated frequent approach-avoidance conflicts - co-existing recognition of threats and rewards - about social interactions and disinhibited behaviors. Even when asked about the activity most likely to be avoided, participants with greater social anxiety evaluated these as having potential to satisfy curiosity and advance their social status. Three qualitatively different groups of people were identified based on social anxiety tendencies and approach-avoidance appraisal patterns. Groups differed on the degree of approach-avoidance conflicts, measures of psychological and social well-being, and frequency of social interactions and disinhibited behaviors. Moderately socially anxious people who were approach oriented reported the most difficulties. Results suggest that social anxiety is associated with tension between competing desires to avoid anxiety and explore. However, there appears to be important variability in the regulatory orientation, behavior, and well-being of socially anxious people. Conclusions about the nature of social anxiety may be compromised by not attending to existing differences in self-regulatory orientation and strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, United States. tkashdan@gmu.edu
authors.forename: Todd B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kashdan
authors.forename: Jon D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Elhai
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Breen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010555:Personality Inventory; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D012919:Social Behavior; D012923:Social Class; D012928:Social Desirability; D012931:Social Environment; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires