title: A practical framework for evaluating a culturally tailored adolescent substance abuse treatment programme in Molokai, Hawaii.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Successful substance abuse treatment requires many changes in behavior, attitude and skills. Culturally tailored approaches to substance abuse treatment have shown initial success, but are not yet accepted as best practice models. In order to document programme effectiveness of a new culturally tailored substance abuse treatment programme on the rural island of Molokai, Hawaii, the authors worked to develop a multi-level evaluation plan to measure behavior changes occurring after participation in activities targeting identified causes of substance abuse in the population of interest.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors compiled interview results to develop a map of identified causes of substance abuse in the community studied. Strategic planning then identified the specific activities aimed at impacting identified root causes. A literature review was performed to document the effectiveness of such activities. An evaluation plan was developed to measure programme impact on antecedent conditions contributing to substance use in this community.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prioritized causes of substance abuse in the target group included low self esteem, lack of self identity and life plan, and limited communication and conflict resolution skills. Activities targeting these conditions included cultural activities, group counseling, and individual counseling. Literature to support the benefit of addressing these factors was uncovered, and evaluation methodology was developed to measure changes in behaviors, attitudes, and practices, as a measure of programme success.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While programme evaluation data is still being collected, the authors have demonstrated a sound foundation for programme activities, and designed methodology for collecting meaningful data to measure programme effectiveness at changing important root causes of substance abuse in a rural Native Hawaiian community.
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine, HI 96813, USA. withyk@hawaii.rr.com
authors.forename: Kelley M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Withy
authors.forename: Wayde
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ralph F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Renger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016497:Adolescent Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D054521:Cultural Competency; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander; D015397:Program Evaluation; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D012649:Self Concept; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers / Q000592:standards*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000517:prevention & control