title: Prophylactic antibiotics for the prevention of postpartum infectious morbidity in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intrapartum prophylactic antibiotics in the prevention of postpartum sepsis in laboring women who were infected with HIV.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind, randomized trial that was conducted in Durban (South Africa), pregnant women who were infected with HIV in whom vaginal delivery was anticipated were randomized to receive either a single dose of cefoxitin (2 g) or placebo intrapartum. Signs of sepsis were evaluated within 72 hours and at 1 and 2 weeks postpartum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 424 women who were enrolled, 213 women received cefoxitin, and 211 women received placebo. Both groups were comparable in all baseline parameters. The overall sepsis rate was 19% (40/211 women) in the placebo group and 16.9% (36/213 women) in the cefoxitin group (P = .581). There was a 53% reduction in risk of postpartum endometritis in the cefoxitin group (95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of prophylactic intrapartum cefoxitin in HIV-infected women reduces the risk of postpartum endometritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health and HIV Group, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. sebitloanem@ukzn.ac.za
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Sebitloane
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moodley
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Esterhuizen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D002440:Cefoxitin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004716:Endometritis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013019:South Africa
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002440:Cefoxitin