title: Interfering effects of insulin, growth hormone and glucose on adipokine secretion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cell culture media with high glucose concentration are normally used. Data on the secretion of the adipokines adiponectin and resistin from adipocytes in response to insulin and growth hormone (GH) both under normo- and hyperglycemic conditions are not available. It was the aim of the study to investigate the impact of standard metabolic conditions (normo-/hyperglycemia, normo-/hyperinsulinemia) and of GH on the secretion of adiponectin and resistin.
  
  
  METHODS
  3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes and then incubated under normoglycemia (100 mg/dl), hyperglycemia (450 mg/dl), in combination with insulin (0, 0.2, 2.0 nM) and/or GH (1 nM). Adiponectin and resistin secretion was measured by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insulin significantly stimulates adiponectin and resistin secretion under normo- and hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia PER SE stimulates adiponectin and resistin secretion both in the absence and presence of low or high insulin concentrations. GH stimulates adiponectin secretion both under normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions. Whereas insulin does not modulate GH-induced adiponectin secretion under normoglycemia, insulin augments adiponectin release under hyperglycemia. GH stimulates resistin secretion only under normoglycemia, but not under hyperglycemic conditions. Since scavenger receptor B-I expression did not change, these effects are specific and not caused by a simple enhancement of adipocyte differentiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glucose, insulin and growth hormone have significant and interfering effects on the secretion of resistin and adiponectin. Several of the well-known in vivo phenomena such as diurnal variation or effects of re-feeding and weight-loss might be explained by direct effects of these hormones on adipocytes. Finally, when effects of hormones on adipocyte function are investigated, it is a prerequisite to take glucose levels of the cell culture media into account.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Medical Center, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wölfing
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neumeier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buechler
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aslanidis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schölmerich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schäffler
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D052243:Resistin / Q000378:metabolism; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D007328:Insulin; D052243:Resistin; C454739:Scarb1 protein, mouse; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B; D013006:Growth Hormone; D005947:Glucose