title: Functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis of attention to one's heartbeat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The convergence of a neural system for monitoring external stimuli with mechanisms that process somatic information leads to the hypothesis that the anterior parietal cortex may mediate attention to a specific internal visceral signal.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured regional brain activity through functional magnetic resonance imaging and directed subjects (6 men and 11 women) to attend to their own heartbeat, and to a heartbeat played on an external tape.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical parametric brain mapping revealed the importance of right (nondominant) parietal cortex to directing attention internally to one's visceral state and focusing on a specific body signal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The parietal activation may be taking advantage of monitoring skills typically utilized for vigilance to the external environment, in addition to working as a higher-level recognition system for signals emerging from the viscera. The finding suggests that the parietal cortex plays a central role in an interoceptive attention system that monitors bodily states.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University/Jefferson Medical College, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 206, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. joseph.i.tracy@jefferson.edu
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tracy
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flanders
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weening
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laskas
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Natale
authors.forename: Brigid
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Waldron
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*