title: Impact of phytotherapy on utility scores for 5 benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms health states.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Given the wide variety of lower urinary tract symptoms caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia, we ascertained the impact on quality of life for 5 domains of benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms progression. In addition, with the increasing number of patients using alternative therapies to alleviate bother from benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms, we investigated whether utility scores differed between phytotherapy users and nonusers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using an office based population 40 consecutive patients were identified as surgically naïve with benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms based on the American Urological Association Symptom Index. A trained interviewer administered 2 surveys to the patients, that is a time trade-off questionnaire assessing the health states of urinary retention, urinary tract infection, incontinence, erectile dysfunction and ejaculatory dysfunction, as well as an alternative therapy questionnaire. Patient chart reviews were conducted to collect clinical parameters (age, American Urological Association Symptom Index, erectile dysfunction complaints, prostate specific antigen, quality of life, etc). Two-tailed student t tests were then performed to compare groups. Patients were stratified as phytotherapy users and phytotherapy nonusers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time trade-off scores of the participants for urinary retention, urinary tract infection, incontinence, erectile dysfunction and ejaculatory dysfunction were 0.61 +/- 0.33, 0.57 +/- 0.34, 0.66 +/- 0.32, 0.73 +/- 0.31 and 0.71 +/- 0.32, respectively. Of the 17 patients having used phytotherapy for lower urinary tract symptoms, 9 were actively using alpha-blockers, 1 was on 5alpha-reductase inhibitor alone, and 2 were using alpha-blockers and 5alpha-reductase inhibitors. Of the 23 patients not having used phytotherapy, 5 were using alpha-blockers alone, and 6 were using alpha-blockers and 5alpha-reductase inhibitors. Patients who reported having used phytotherapy for lower urinary tract symptoms had lower scores in all 5 health states, statistically significant for urinary retention (0.49 +/- 0.37 vs 0.71 +/- 0.26, p <0.05), erectile dysfunction (0.60 +/- 0.39 vs 0.82 +/- 0.20, p <0.05) and ejaculatory dysfunction (0.55 +/- 0.39 vs 0.82 +/- 0.19, p <0.05). These 2 patient populations did not differ significantly with respect to the clinical parameters of age, American Urological Association Symptom Index, erectile dysfunction, prostate specific antigen or quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to demonstrate time trade-off utilities in a benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms group by the 5 domains of disease progression. We have shown that benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms patients who have used phytotherapy have markedly lower utility scores than those patients not having used phytotherapy despite comparable clinical parameters. These results have important implications for clinical trial design and health economics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Raj C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Dedhia
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calhoun
authors.forename: Kevin T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: McVary
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053448:Prostatism / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000068218:Prunus africana; D028024:Serenoa; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D028321:Plant Preparations; C040972:saw palmetto extract