title: Review: cancer immunotherapy by exosome-based vaccines.
abstract: Exosomes (EXOs) are nanometer-sized membrane vesicles secreted from epithelial and hematopoietic cells. They display a spectrum of molecules involved in immune responses and signal transductions. Previous studies showed that tumor antigen-loaded dendritic cell (DC)- and tumor cell-derived EXOs (Dexo and Texo) induce tumor antigen-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses and antitumor immunity in experimental animal models and human clinical trials. This review will present the main biologic features of Dexo and Texo as cell-free cancer vaccines with emphasis on their immunostimulatory properties and their potential efficacy in cancer immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Division of Health Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency and Departments of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: Siguo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Terence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moyana
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D022162:Cytoplasmic Vesicles / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016233:Immunotherapy, Active / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines