Carotenoid and vitamin intake, von Hippel-Lindau gene mutations and sporadic renal cell carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated whether dietary carotenoid and vitamin intake and supplemental vitamin use were inversely associated with RCC risk and with Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-gene mutations in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC).


METHODS
The Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer (NLCS) includes 120,852 persons, who completed a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire in 1986. After 11.3 years of follow-up, 284 cases and a random sample of 4,095 persons (subcohort) with complete data were included in multivariable analyses using a case-cohort approach. VHL gene mutational analysis was complete for 225 cases. Rate ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models, while adjusting for age, sex, smoking, body mass index, and a history of hypertension.


RESULTS
We observed no association for dietary carotenoid and vitamin intake and RCC risk, and a somewhat increased risk with supplemental vitamin E, AD, and multivitamin use. Results were suggestive of higher RRs for alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, folate, and supplemental vitamin C and multivitamin intake for wildtype VHL tumors compared to VHL-mutated tumors.


CONCLUSIONS
There was no association of carotenoid, vitamin or supplemental vitamin intake and RCC risk. These associations should be investigated by others to confirm the current observations.
van Dijk
Boukje A C
BA
Department of Epidemiology, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. b.vandijk@akc.umcn.nl
Schouten
Leo J
LJ
Oosterwijk
Egbert
E
Hulsbergen-van de Kaa
Christina A
CA
Kiemeney
Lambertus A L M
LA
Goldbohm
R Alexandra
RA
Schalken
Jack A
JA
van den Brandt
Piet A
PA
D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012306:Risk; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006623:von Hippel-Lindau Disease / Q000235:genetics*
D014815:Vitamins; D002338:Carotenoids