Isolation of Crithmum maritimum L. volatile oil by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and biological assays.
The chemical composition of the volatile concentrate obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction of aerial parts of Crithmum maritimum L. growing spontaneously in one area of Mediterranean coast (Buggerru, Sardinia Island, Italy) and in two areas of the Atlantic coast (Figueira da Foz and S. Pedro de Moel, Portugal) was investigated by GC and GC-MS. The major oil components identified were p-cymene, beta-phellandrene, gamma-terpinene, thymol methyl ether and dillapiole. The results showed the presence of two chemotypes of C. maritimum with different dillapiole contents, ranging from 0.2 to 64.2% in Portuguese and Italian plants, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal lethal concentration (MLC) were used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the oils against yeasts and dermatophyte strains. All the oils exhibited significant antifungal activity against dermatophyte strains. The oil with the higher amount of dillapiole (64.2%) was the most active with MIC values ranging from 0.08-0.32 microL mL(-1).
Marongiu
B
B
Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy. maronb@unica.it
Maxia
A
A
Piras
A
A
Porcedda
S
S
Tuveri
E
E
Gonçalves
M J
MJ
Cavaleiro
C
C
Salgueiro
L
L
D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D019661:Apiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid / Q000379:methods; D004149:Dioxoles / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D003904:Mitosporic Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry
D000498:Allyl Compounds; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004149:Dioxoles; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C498255:5-allyl 6,7-dimethoxy 1,3-benzodioxole