title: Transcriptome analysis of a phenol-producing Pseudomonas putida S12 construct: genetic and physiological basis for improved production.
abstract: The unknown genetic basis for improved phenol production by a recombinant Pseudomonas putida S12 derivative bearing the tpl (tyrosine-phenol lyase) gene was investigated via comparative transcriptomics, nucleotide sequence analysis, and targeted gene disruption. We show upregulation of tyrosine biosynthetic genes and possibly decreased biosynthesis of tryptophan caused by a mutation in the trpE gene as the genetic basis for the enhanced phenol production. In addition, several genes in degradation routes connected to the tyrosine biosynthetic pathway were upregulated. This either may be a side effect that negatively affects phenol production or may point to intracellular accumulation of tyrosine or its intermediates. A number of genes identified by the transcriptome analysis were selected for targeted disruption in P. putida S12TPL3. Physiological and biochemical examination of P. putida S12TPL3 and these mutants led to the conclusion that the metabolic flux toward tyrosine in P. putida S12TPL3 was improved to such an extent that the heterologous tyrosine-phenol lyase enzyme had become the rate-limiting step in phenol biosynthesis.
authors.affiliation: TNO Quality of Life, P.O. Box 5057, 2600 GB, Delft, The Netherlands. nick.wierckx@tno.nl
authors.forename: Nick J P
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Wierckx
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ballerstedt
authors.forename: Jan A M
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: de Bont
authors.forename: Johannes H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: de Winde
authors.forename: Harald J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ruijssenaars
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wery
mesh_terms: D017353:Gene Deletion; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D019800:Phenol / Q000378:metabolism*; D010667:Phenylpyruvic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014447:Tyrosine Phenol-Lyase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D010667:Phenylpyruvic Acids; C010590:4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid; D019800:Phenol; D014443:Tyrosine; D014364:Tryptophan; D014447:Tyrosine Phenol-Lyase