title: Inhibition of cellular proliferation by the genistein metabolite 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyisoflavone is mediated by DNA damage and activation of the ATR signalling pathway.
abstract: The cellular actions of genistein, and its in vivo metabolites, are believed to mediate the decreased risk of breast cancer associated with high soy consumption. The genistein metabolite, 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyisoflavone (THIF), induced G2-M cell cycle arrest in T47D tumorigenic breast epithelial cells via a mechanism involving the activation of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase (ATR) via its phosphorylation at Ser428. This activation of ATR appeared to result from THIF-induced increases in intracellular oxidative stress, a depletion of cellular GSH and an increase in DNA strand breakage. THIF treatment also led to an inhibition of cdc2, which was accompanied by the phosphorylation of both p53 (Ser15) and Chk1 (Ser296) and the de-activation of cdc25C phosphatase. We suggest the anti-proliferative actions of THIF may be mediated by initial oxidative DNA damage, activation of ATR and downstream regulation of the p53 and Chk1 pathways leading to cell cycle arrest in G2-M. This may represent one mechanism by which genistein exerts its cellular activity in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Nutrition Group, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG2 6AP, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vauzour
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vafeiadou
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rice-Evans
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cadenas
authors.forename: Jeremy P E
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Spencer
mesh_terms: D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019833:Genistein; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: C520466:5,7,8,4'-tetrahydroxyisoflavone; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D007529:Isoflavones; D019833:Genistein; C576597:ATR protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases