Antinociceptive action of limonexic acid obtained from Raulinoa echinata.
The antinociceptive effect of the limonexic acid isolate of Raulinoa echinata Cowan in four models of pain in mice is described. When evaluated against acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions, limonexic acid (10, 30 and 60 mg kg(-1), i.p.) produced dose-related inhibition of the number of constrictions, with a mean ID50 value of 43 (2.3-79) micromol kg(-1), and was more potent than some standard drugs. In the formalin test, limonexic acid inhibited both the first and second phases of formalin-induced pain. Furthermore, the effect was more pronounced in the second phase, with a mean ID50 value of 13.66 (9.35-19.61) micromol kg(-1), and had a pharmacological profile that was similar to standard drugs such as acetaminophen and acetyl salicylic acid. Limonexic acid also produced dose-related inhibition of glutamate- and capsaicin-induced pain, with mean ID50 values of 11.67 (8.51-16.0) micromol kg(-1) and 47.17 (36.51-60.93) micromol kg(-1), respectively. The mechanism of action is not completely understood, but seems to involve direct interaction with the GABAergic and nitroxidergic pathways.
Biavatti
Maique W
MW
Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, CP 360, 88303-202, Itajaí - SC, Brazil. maique@univali.b
Westerlon
Rosângela
R
Burger
Cristiani
C
Mora
Ticiana Camila
TC
De Souza
Márcia Maria
MM
D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D036701:Limonins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D026602:Nitrergic Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018517:Plant Roots; D018547:Plant Stems; D027821:Rutaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
D000700:Analgesics; D036701:Limonins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C525538:limonexic acid; D000082:Acetaminophen; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D001241:Aspirin