title: Evaluation of various ammonia assays for testing of contaminated muscle food products.
abstract: The indophenol method, ammonia ion selective electrode (ISE), Reflectoquant(R) test strips, and salicylate methods were evaluated to determine those that can be used for in-plant rapid testing of meat contaminated by ammonia refrigerant leaks. Ground eye of round beef samples were spiked with 25, 50, 100, or 200 ppm ammonia as (N) and the amounts recovered were corrected for typical background levels. The recovery of ammonia from spiked meat filtrates by ISE ranged from 98.3% to 100%+/- 2%, and the recovery of ammonia from spiked meat samples by ISE-perchloric acid method ranged from 90% to 110%+/- 8%. The measurement of ammonia in spiked meat samples by the Reflectoquant test strips ranged from 77.4% to 96.9%, but the standard deviation was higher than 14%. The recovery using the salicylate methods was less than 63% when meat samples were spiked with 25 or 50 ppm ammonia. Both indophenol and ammonia ISE are precise, give excellent recovery, and can be used for testing ammonia contamination in meat. Ammonia background levels of various commercial meat products was determined using the ammonia ISE and ranged from 87 to 166 ppm.
authors.affiliation: Food Science Inst., Dept. of Animal Sciences and Industry, 208 Call Hall, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
authors.forename: Faraj
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hijaz
authors.forename: J Scott
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Curtis L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kastner
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004566:Electrodes; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D007215:Indophenol / Q000032:analysis; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D011934:Reagent Strips; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D011934:Reagent Strips; D007215:Indophenol; D000641:Ammonia