Induction of cytokines and nitric oxide in murine macrophages stimulated with enzymatically digested lactobacillus strains.
Based on observations that lactic acid bacteria have the ability to activate macrophages, we assessed the potential effects of eight different Lactobacillus strains treated with gastrointestinal enzymes on the production of nitric oxide and various cytokines in macrophages. RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells were cultured with either precipitates or supernatants of Lactobacillus strains digested with pepsin followed by pancreatin. The increased production of nitric oxide and interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-12 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were observed when cultured with precipitates, and this effect was largely strain-dependent. In contrast, the exposure of RAW 264.7 cells to supernatants produced weaker or nearly undetectable effects in comparison to the effects of exposure to precipitates. The induction of nitric oxide appeared to be unaffected. These results demonstrate that nitric oxide and cytokines were effectively induced when the bacterial precipitate was treated with macrophages. The results of the present study also indicate that Lactobacillus strains treated with digestive enzymes are capable of stimulating the production of nitric oxide and cytokines in macrophages, which may modulate the gastrointestinal immune function of the host when it is given as a feed additive.
Kim
Dong Woon
DW
Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, Republic of Korea. dwkim@rda.go.kr
Cho
Sung Back
SB
Yun
Cheol Heui
CH
Jeong
Ha Yeon
HY
Chung
Wan Tae
WT
Choi
Chang Weon
CW
Lee
Hyun Jeong
HJ
Nam
In Sik
IS
Suh
Guk Hyun
GH
Lee
Sang Suk
SS
Lee
Byong Seak
BS
D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000502:physiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
D016207:Cytokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12; D009569:Nitric Oxide