title: Daily physical-rest activities in relation to nutritional state, metabolism, and quality of life in cancer patients with progressive cachexia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate daily physical-rest activities in cancer patients losing weight in relation to disease progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physical activity-rest rhythms were measured (ActiGraph, armband sensor from BodyMedia) in relation to body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), energy metabolism, exercise capacity (walking test), and self-scored quality of life (SF-36, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) in weight-losing outpatients with systemic cancer (71 +/- 2 years, n = 53). Well-nourished, age-matched, and previously hospitalized non-cancer patients served as controls (74 +/- 4 years, n = 8). Middle-aged healthy individuals were used as reference subjects (49 +/- 5 years, n = 23).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quality of life was globally reduced in patients with cancer (P < 0.01), accompanied by significantly reduced spontaneous physical activity during both weekdays and weekends compared with reference subjects (P < 0.01). Spontaneous physical activity declined over time during follow-up in patients with cancer (P < 0.05). However, overall physical activity and the extent of sleep and bed-rest activities did not differ between patients with cancer and age-matched non-cancer patients. Spontaneous physical activity correlated weakly with maximum exercise capacity in univariate analysis (r = 0.41, P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that spontaneous physical activity was related to weight loss, blood hemoglobin concentration, C-reactive protein, and to subjectively scored items of physical functioning and bodily pain (SF-36; P < 0.05-0.004). Anxiety and depression were not related to spontaneous physical activity. Patient survival was predicted only by weight loss and serum albumin levels (P < 0.01), although there was no such prediction for spontaneous physical activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily physical-rest activities represent variables which probably reflect complex mental physiologic and metabolic interactions. Thus, activity-rest monitoring provides a new dimension in the evaluation of medical and drug interventions during palliative treatment of patients with cancer.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Metabolic Research Laboratory at Lundberg Laboratory for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Marita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fouladiun
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Körner
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gunnebo
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sixt-Ammilon
authors.forename: Ingvar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bosaeus
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lundholm
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002100:Cachexia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012146:Rest; D012890:Sleep; D013997:Time Factors