title: Inflammatory markers and the progression of IgA glomerulonephritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  IgA glomerulonephritis (IgAGN) composes a variable prognosis with 15-40% of the patients eventually progressing to end-stage renal failure. Known risk factors for progressive course of IgAGN include hypertension, proteinuria and renal insufficiency. Although markers of inflammation such as serum or urinary interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum albumin have predicted progression in some studies, sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) has not been directly linked to the progression of IgAGN.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 174 (70 females) patients were invited for two visits 11 and 16 years (medians) after IgAGN was diagnosed in renal biopsy. All patients had been diagnosed at least 5 years before the first visit. Progressive disease was defined as cystatin-C exceeding normal limits and showing over 20% elevation between the visits, or kidney transplantation or start of dialysis. Cystatin-C and creatinine clearance, serum hs-CRP, s-albumin, s-IL-6 and white blood cell count (WBC) were available for analysis from 118 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IgAGN was progressive in 19.5% of the patients on the second visit. Hs-CRP, s-albumin and WBC of the first visit were significantly associated with the progression of IgAGN (P = 0.014; P = 0.0001; P = 0.023, respectively). S-IL-6 was not associated with the progression. All inflammatory variables correlated significantly with the concurrent level of kidney function. Possible study limitations are the relatively low number of outcomes in the study groups, and the lack of generally accepted definitions for disease progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that inflammatory markers hs-CRP, s-albumin and WBC are associated with the progression of IgAGN.
authors.affiliation: Kati Kaartinen, Kapteeninkatu 8-10 E 26, FIN-00140 Helsinki, Finland. kati.kaartinen@elisanet.fi
authors.forename: Kati
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaartinen
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Syrjänen
authors.forename: Ilkka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pörsti
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hurme
authors.forename: Aimo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harmoinen
authors.forename: Amos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pasternack
authors.forename: Heini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huhtala
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mustonen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001706:Biopsy; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins / Q000097:blood*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005922:Glomerulonephritis, IGA / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D009819:Office Visits; D011379:Prognosis; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C525030:CST3 protein, human; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003404:Creatinine