title: A review of radiographic lines and angles used in orthopedics.
abstract: This paper reviews many of the most common lines and angles used in the evaluation of skeletal radiographs. The descriptions and accompanying figures are organized by anatomic location and radiographic projection view. The method of drawing the line or measuring the angle, as well as the expected range of normal and the significance of an abnormal measurement, are included.
authors.affiliation: UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hak
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Gautsch
mesh_terms: D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D011859:Radiography