title: Biological treatment and nanofiltration of denim textile wastewater for reuse.
abstract: This study aims at coupling of activated sludge treatment with nanofiltration to improve denim textile wastewater quality to reuse criteria. In the activated sludge reactor, the COD removal efficiency was quite high as it was 91+/-2% and 84+/-4% on the basis of total and soluble feed COD, respectively. The color removal efficiency was 75+/-10%, and around 50-70% of removed color was adsorbed on biomass or precipitated within the reactor. The high conductivity of the wastewater, as high as 8 mS/cm, did not adversely affect system performance. Although biological treatment is quite efficient, the wastewater does not meet the reuse criteria. Hence, further treatment to improve treated water quality was investigated using nanofiltration. Dead-end microfiltration (MF) with 5 microm pore size was applied to remove coarse particles before nanofiltration. The color rejection of nanofiltration was almost complete and permeate color was always lower than 10 Pt-Co. Similarly, quite high rejections were observed for COD (80-100%). Permeate conductivity was between 1.98 and 2.67 mS/cm (65% conductivity rejection). Wastewater fluxes were between 31 and 37 L/m2/h at 5.07 bars corresponding to around 45% flux declines compared to clean water fluxes. In conclusion, for denim textile wastewaters nanofiltration after biological treatment can be applied to meet reuse criteria.
authors.affiliation: Middle East Technical University, Department of Environmental Engineering, 06531 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sahinkaya
authors.forename: Nigmet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uzal
authors.forename: Ulku
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Yetis
authors.forename: Filiz B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Dilek
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors; D003116:Color; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D007220:Industrial Waste; D012722:Sewage; D013784:Textiles; D014462:Ultrafiltration; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D012722:Sewage