title: Construct validity testing of a laparoscopic surgery simulator (Lap Mentor): evaluation of surgical skill with a virtual laparoscopic training simulator.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Before surgical simulators can be implemented for assessment of surgical training, their construct validity should be assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine novices (NOV), nine medical students (MS), and nine residents (RES) underwent a laparoscopic skills training on the virtual reality (VR) simulator Lap Mentor. Assessment of laparoscopic skill was based on parameters measured by the computer system before and after training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant difference existed between RES and NOV at seven of nine tasks before training on the VR simulator. After the training in some tasks significant differences were observed between the experienced group (RES) and the nonexperienced groups (MS and NOV) or between medical groups (RES and MS) and nonmedical group (NOV).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Performance parameters of the Lap-Mentor can be used to distinguish between subjects with varying laparoscopic experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Aimin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hünerbein
authors.forename: Yiyang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Schlag
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020706:Laparoscopes; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014584:User-Computer Interface