title: Anti-depressant use in association with interferon and glatiramer acetate treatment in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Randomized controlled trials incorporating validated depression scales have failed to identify an association between interferon beta treatment and depression in MS. This is surprising since interferons used in other clinical contexts are considered capable of causing depression. The negative results in MS could be due inadequate power in the published trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, longitudinal data from an IMS Health Canada database called the Therapy Dynamics database were analyzed. The database contains information about prescriptions filled at outpatient pharmacies in Canada, linked at the individual level over time periods as long as 36 months. Antidepressant prescriptions were used as a proxy indicator for depressive disorders. The frequency of antidepressant use was compared in cohorts treated with glatiramer acetate and interferon beta.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in the frequency of antidepressant treatment were observed. A large proportion (approximately 40%) in all treatment cohorts were treated with antidepressants at some time over the study interval. The proportions remained comparable after adjustment for age and sex and in a time-to-event analysis of new antidepressant prescriptions. Among patients receiving prescriptions exclusively from Neurologists, the frequency of exposure to antidepressants was much lower (2.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This analysis uncovered no evidence that antidepressant treatment occurs more often in people treated with interferon beta than in those treated with glatiramer acetate. These results help to confirm that depression is not associated with interferon beta treatment in MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1. patten@ucalgary.ca
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Patten
authors.forename: J V A
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Metz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D000068717:Glatiramer Acetate; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D010045:Outpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010594:Pharmacies / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D010455:Peptides; D000068717:Glatiramer Acetate; D016899:Interferon-beta