title: Icilin induces a hyperthermia in rats that is dependent on nitric oxide production and NMDA receptor activation.
abstract: Icilin (AG-3-5) is a cold-inducing agent that activates the transient receptor potential channels TRPM8 and TRPA1. Both channels are members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of ion channels and are activated by cold. Despite the key role of cold-activated TRPM8 and TRPA1 channels in temperature sensation and other physiological processes, the significance of these channels in thermoregulation in conscious animals is poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the effects of icilin on body temperature in rats and tested the hypothesis that cold-activated TRP channel activation by icilin causes a hyperthermia which requires nitric oxide (NO) production and NMDA receptor stimulation. Our experiments revealed that icilin (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg, i.m.) elicits a dose-related hyperthermia that is rapid in onset and of long duration. Pretreating rats with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.), a non-selective NO synthase inhibitor, attenuated the hyperthermia associated with icilin (7.5 mg/kg, i.m.). Pretreatment with (-)-6-[phosphonomethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydro-isoquinoline-2-carboxylate] (LY 235959) (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.), a selective NMDA receptor antagonist, also attenuated the icilin-evoked hyperthermia. The administration of icilin (5 and 100 microg) into the lateral cerebroventricle of rats did not affect body temperature, thus indicating a peripheral site of action. These results indicate that icilin, a TRPM8/TRPA1 agonist, produces a dose-related hyperthermia in rats which requires both NO production and NMDA receptor activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Werkheiser
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rawls
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014202:Tremor / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D007546:Isoquinolines; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C088643:LY 235959; C490483:icilin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester