title: Measurement of milk color and composition: effect of dietary intervention on Western Australian Holstein-Friesian cow's milk quality.
abstract: Milk fat whiteness is the key to the uniqueness of Western Australian milk. Following a controlled feeding regime, milk was collected fortnightly for 6 mo from 2 treatment groups: dryland and irrigation. The results showed that it was possible to produce high-quality milk with whiter fat by a controlled feeding regime and diet while maintaining the health of Holstein-Friesian cows. The reflectance method using infinite optical thickness showed milk fat color differences due to feed could be measured. After 8 wk of the study, milk fat from the dryland treatment was significantly whiter (P < 0.05) than the irrigation treatment with area under curve total reflectance of 902.8 and 838.3, respectively. The official Japanese industry method, Agriculture and Livestock Industries Corp. (ALIC) butter tone, showed that from the 2nd to the 5th collections the color of milk fat from cows fed silage and grain (dryland treatment) was significantly whiter (P < 0.01) with an average butter tone of 0.15 absorbance per gram compared to cows fed green pasture and grain (irrigation treatment) with a butter tone of 0.21 absorbance per gram. Protein and riboflavin levels also affect the whiteness of milk. The study followed the main feeding protocol of dryland dairies and suggests the majority of milk from Western Australia would receive a grade 1 classification, as dryland dairies dominate supply.
authors.affiliation: Curtin Univ. of Technology, G.P.O. Box U1987, Perth, W.A., 6845, Australia. v.solah@curtin.edu.au
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Solah
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Staines
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Limley
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D003116:Color; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000592:standards*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids