title: Collective behavior in a granular jet: emergence of a liquid with zero surface tension.
abstract: We perform the analog to "water bell" experiments with granular jets. Rebounding from cylindrical targets, wide granular jets produce sheets or cones with shapes that mimic a zero-surface-tension liquid. The jets' particulate nature appears when the number of particles in the cross section is decreased: the emerging structures broaden, gradually disintegrating into diffuse sprays. The experiment has a counterpart in the behavior of quark-gluon plasmas generated by colliding heavy ions. There, a high collision density gives rise to collective behavior also described as a liquid.
authors.affiliation: The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: German
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Varas
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Citron
authors.forename: Heinrich M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Jaeger
authors.forename: Sidney R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Nagel