title: Knockdown of the DNA repair and redox signaling protein Ape1/Ref-1 blocks ovarian cancer cell and tumor growth.
abstract: Apurinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor-1 (Ape1/Ref-1 or Ape1) is an essential protein with two distinct functions. It is a DNA repair enzyme in the base excision repair (BER) pathway and a reduction-oxidation (redox) signaling factor maintaining transcription factors in an active reduced state. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that Ape1 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer and potentially contributes to resistance. Therefore, we utilized siRNA technology to knockdown protein levels of Ape1 in ovarian cancer cell line, SKOV-3x. Knocking Ape1 down had dramatic effects on cell growth in vitro but was not due to an increase in apoptosis and at least partially due to an extension in transit time through S-phase. Similarly, human ovarian tumor xenografts with reduced levels of Ape1 protein demonstrated a dramatic reduction in tumor volume (p<0.01) and also statistically significant (p=0.02) differences in (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake indicating reduced glucose metabolism and cellular proliferation. Ape1's role in DNA repair and redox signaling is important to our basic understanding of ovarian cancer cell growth and these findings strongly support Ape1 as a therapeutic target.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (Section of Hematology/Oncology), Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Fishel
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: April M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chin-Sinex
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Hutchins
authors.forename: Marc S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mendonca
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kelley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004260:DNA Repair; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C085108:APEX1 protein, human; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase