Review: cancer immunotherapy by exosome-based vaccines.
Exosomes (EXOs) are nanometer-sized membrane vesicles secreted from epithelial and hematopoietic cells. They display a spectrum of molecules involved in immune responses and signal transductions. Previous studies showed that tumor antigen-loaded dendritic cell (DC)- and tumor cell-derived EXOs (Dexo and Texo) induce tumor antigen-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses and antitumor immunity in experimental animal models and human clinical trials. This review will present the main biologic features of Dexo and Texo as cell-free cancer vaccines with emphasis on their immunostimulatory properties and their potential efficacy in cancer immunotherapy.
Hao
Siguo
S
Research Unit, Division of Health Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency and Departments of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Moyana
Terence
T
Xiang
Jim
J
D000818:Animals; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D022162:Cytoplasmic Vesicles / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016233:Immunotherapy, Active / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*
D019496:Cancer Vaccines