title: Cortical folding abnormalities in schizophrenia patients with resistant auditory hallucinations.
abstract: Gray matter volume and functional abnormalities have been reported in language-related cortex in schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations. Such abnormalities might denote abnormal cortical folding development, which can now be investigated using gyrification measures. Anatomic magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were obtained from 30 schizophrenia patients screened for resistant auditory hallucinations and 28 control subjects. We searched for overall gyrification abnormalities in the whole cortex as well as localized abnormalities in language-related cortex, assuming that gyrification is associated with brain sulcation. A fully automated method was applied to MRIs to extract, label and measure the sulcus area in the whole cortex. Gyrification was assessed using both global and local sulcal indices, respectively the ratio between total sulcal area, or area of each labeled sulcus, and outer cortex area. For both hemispheres, the patients had a lower global sulcal index. The local sulcal index decrease was not homogeneous across the whole cortex. It was more significant in the superior temporal sulcus bilaterally, in the left middle frontal sulcus and in the diagonal branch of left sylvian fissure (Broca's area). Findings suggest abnormalities in cortical gyrification in these patients. Sulcal abnormalities in language-related cortex might underlie these patients' particular vulnerability to hallucinations.
authors.affiliation: Inserm, U797 Research Unit Neuroimaging & Psychiatry, IFR49, Orsay, France.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cachia
authors.forename: Marie-Laure
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Paillère-Martinot
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galinowski
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Januel
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Beaurepaire
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bellivier
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Artiges
authors.forename: Jamila
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andoh
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bartrés-Faz
authors.forename: Edouard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duchesnay
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rivière
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plaze
authors.forename: Jean-Francois
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mangin
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martinot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents