Defining a role for ambient TLR ligand exposures in the genesis and prevention of allergic diseases.
Environmental variables responsible for the increasing allergic disease burden observed in developed countries over the last century have yet to be adequately characterized. Meta-analyses of epidemiological studies presented in the first half of this paper demonstrate a correlation between farm-associated exposures (i.e., livestock, pets, unpasteurized milk, and endotoxin) and a reduction in allergic risk during childhood. Laboratory investigations discussed in the second half of the paper characterize the intrinsic immunostimulatory activities of living environments. Considered together, experimental findings presented herein suggest a novel paradigm by which early life home exposures to microbial products and other allergen-nonspecific immunostimulants modify allergic risk.
Tse
Kevin
K
Department of Medicine and The Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0663, USA.
Horner
Anthony A
AA
D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000276:immunology; D004391:Dust / Q000276:immunology; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D008024:Ligands; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
D000485:Allergens; D004391:Dust; D004731:Endotoxins; D008024:Ligands; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors