title: Mortality, kidney disease and cardiac procedures following acute coronary syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac interventions are underutilized in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) partly due to nephrotoxicity concerns.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed outcomes of 4631 subjects with ACS enrolled in the Blockade of the Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor to Avoid Vascular Occlusion trial, including time to death, time to reduced renal function (50% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD)) and percent change in eGFR from baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with a lower baseline eGFR were more likely to be older, female and have diabetes, hypertension, congestive heart failure or peripheral vascular disease (all P < 0.0001); they were less likely to be taking aspirin > or = 162 mg or to have undergone a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) prior to enrollment (P < 0.0001). As eGFR declined, the proportion of subjects experiencing death versus reduced eGFR or ESRD qualitatively increased. In adjusted analyses, every 10 ml/min/1.73 m(2) decrease in eGFR < or = 90 was associated with a 15% increased hazard of death (HR 1.15, P = 0.01). In adjusted analyses of predictors of percent change in eGFR, catheterization (cath) with or without PCI compared to medical therapy during follow-up was not associated with significant differences in long-term eGFR (P = 0.09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among CKD subjects in this study, the risk of death greatly outweighed the risk of reduced eGFR or development of ESRD following ACS and the occurrence of cath +/- PCI was not associated with significant differences in long-term renal function. The presence of CKD should not preclude potentially beneficial interventions and research should focus on reducing the high cardiovascular burden in this population.
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. inrig001@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Jula K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Inrig
authors.forename: Uptal D
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Libbie P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Briley
authors.forename: Lilin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: She
authors.forename: Barbara S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.forename: J Donald
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Easton
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Topol
authors.forename: Lynda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Szczech
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome