Urolithiasis: not just a 2-legged animal disease.
OBJECTIVE
In this systematic review we summarize information on animal models of stone formation, the similarities of stone formation between humans and nonhuman animals, and the management of naturally occurring stones in animals, particularly dogs and cats.


METHODS
A comprehensive review of the peer reviewed literature was performed using the key words urolithiasis and animals. The search was then limited to articles in English that were published within the last 30 years (1977 to 2007).


RESULTS
Multiple animal species are affected by urolithiasis and the mechanisms of formation appear to mirror those in humans. Recently described models of animal stone disease may help us better understand and ultimately treat nephrolithiasis in humans.


CONCLUSIONS
The pathogenesis of urolithiasis and treatment protocols in animals parallel those of humans. Given the number of similarities between treatment patterns for humans and animals, many urologists are now being integrated into the treatment of animals.
Robinson
Marnie R
MR
Comprehensive Kidney Stone Center, Division of Urologic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Norris
Regina D
RD
Sur
Roger L
RL
Preminger
Glenn M
GM
D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D002415:Cats; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary