title: The risk of HIV, HBV, HCV and HTLV infection among musculoskeletal tissue donors in Australia.
abstract: In Australia, there are no current national estimates of the risks of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) or human T-lymphotrophic virus (HTLV) by musculoskeletal tissue transplantation. We determined the prevalence rates of antibodies against HIV (anti-HIV), HCV (anti-HCV) and HTLV (anti-HTLV) and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for 12,415 musculoskeletal tissue donors from three major bone tissue banks across Australia for the period 1993-2004. The prevalence (per 100,000 persons) was 64.44 for anti-HIV, 407.13 for HBsAg, 534.63 for anti-HCV and 121.88 for anti-HTLV. The estimated probability of viremia at the time of donation was 1 in 128,000, 1 in 189,000, 1 in 55,000 and 1 in 118,000, respectively. With the addition of nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT), the probability of donor viremia would be reduced to 1 in 315,000 for HIV, 1 in 385,000 for HBV and 1 in 500,000 for HCV. The prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and HTLV although low, are higher among musculoskeletal tissue donors than among first-time blood donors. The risks associated with musculoskeletal donation will be reduced with NAT, though further cost analysis is required prior to its implementation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery and Pathology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. felixcyao@gmail.com
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seed
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farrugia
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cordner
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D017977:Deltaretrovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006800:Deltaretrovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000821:virology*; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors; D016378:Tissue Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral