title: Effect of phospodiesterase 5 inhibitors on apoptosis and nitric oxide synthases in testis torsion: an experimental study.
abstract: To investigate the effects of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibitors, sildenafil citrate and vardenafil HCl, on testicular germ cell apoptosis and also on the expressions of eNOS and iNOS within the bilateral testis after a unilateral torsion in a rat model. Forty-eight Wistar Albino rats, weighing between 210 and 262 g, were housed in individual cages. The rats were randomly assigned into four main groups and each group received drugs. Saline, sildenafil citrate and vardenafil HCl were given to each for 1 month and the last received no drug. After 1 month, testicular torsion was created for 1 h of ischemia and the left testis was untwisted and replaced to the scrotum for 2 h of reperfusion. At the end of 3 h, contralateral and ipsilateral testes were removed for histopathologic and biochemical examinations. Under light microscopy; the histopathological patterns of the contralateral testes in all groups were not affected. Mean apoptotic cell, eNOS and iNOS levels were increased in saline study group. The rats treated with vardenafil and sildenafil (groups 2s and 3s) showed significantly increased apoptotic cell, eNOS and iNOS values in ipsilateral testis (P < 0.05). Sildenafil citrate and vardenafil HCl caused an exaggerated testicular apoptosis after IR injury in rats. Additionally these drugs increased the NOSs levels in the testicular tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hüseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ustün
authors.forename: K Turgay
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Akgül
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayyildiz
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yağmurdur
authors.forename: Bariş
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nuhoğlu
authors.forename: Ersagun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karagüzel
authors.forename: Elmas
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oğüş
authors.forename: Cankon
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Germiyanoğlu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000187:drug effects*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011687:Purines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013450:Sulfones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013737:Testis / Q000201:enzymology*; D014102:Torsion Abnormality / Q000201:enzymology*; D014227:Triazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; D014227:Triazines; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase