title: Characterization of cyanidin- and quercetin-derived flavonoids and other phenolics in mature saskatoon fruits (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.).
abstract: In order to further characterize the anthocyanins, flavonols, and other phenolics present in mature saskatoon ( Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) fruit, extracts were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-arabinoside, and cyanidin 3-O-xyloside were identified as the four major anthocyanins in the mature fruit. The quercetin-derived flavonols, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin 3-O-arabinoside, quercetin 3-O-xyloside, quercetin 3-O-arabinoglucoside, quercetin 3-O-robinobioside, and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside were also identified in mature fruit extracts. In addition, two chlorogenic acid isomers (hydroxycinnamates), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid were detected. The total content of the anthocyanin-, flavonol-, and hydroxycinnamate-type phenolics detected in mature 'Smoky' saskatoon fruit was 140, 25, and 96 mg/100 g fresh weight, respectively. These data further our knowledge of the phenolic composition of mature saskatoon fruit, and as anthocyanins, flavonols, and hydroxycinnamates exhibit antioxidant activities, the presence and levels of these classes of phenolics will aid in the understanding of the potential health-beneficial effects of saskatoon fruits in the human diet.
authors.affiliation: Plant Biosystems Group, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5. jocelyn.ozga@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Jocelyn A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ozga
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wismer
authors.forename: Dennis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Reinecke
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis*; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D027824:Rosaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D005419:Flavonoids; C017154:cyanidin; D011794:Quercetin