title: Multidrug resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a tertiary hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The magnitude of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (MDR-TB) in Nigeria, the most populous country in sub-Saharan Africa, is largely unknown. This information would assist policymakers to develop intervention strategies against tuberculosis (TB) in the country.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a one-year laboratory-based study. Specimens from suspected new TB patients sent to the TB laboratory of the Department of Medical Microbiology, University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria from May 1, 2005 to April 27, 2006 were processed and analyzed. The specimens were stained with Ziehl-Neelsen (Z-N) reagents and cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen medium, incubated at 37 degrees C for 6-8 weeks. Isolates were confirmed as MDR-TB by Z-N reactions and biochemical methods. Drug susceptibility to streptomycin, ethambutol, rifampicin and isoniazid was done using Bactec 460 TB radiometric method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1,120 specimens processed, 80 (7.1%) were smear positive, while 56 (5.0%) were culture positive, even though the association was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Culture contamination rate was 8.8%. Thirty (53.6%) of the culture positive isolates were resistant to both isoniazid and rifampicin, while 26 (46.4%) were susceptible. About half--53.3%--of the resistant isolates were from the antiretroviral clinic, while 10 (33.4%) were from peripheral centers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that MDR-TB is emerging in Nigeria. Further studies on MDR-TB are urgently needed in the country to ascertain the magnitude of the problem and to proffer solutions to it.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. aokehinde@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Aderemi Oludiran
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Kehinde
authors.forename: Felix Ariebuwa
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Obaseki
authors.forename: Oluponle Christiana
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Ishola
authors.forename: Kolo Doko
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006764:Hospitals, Community; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents