title: Cardiac resynchronization therapy: gender related differences in left ventricular reverse remodeling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gender related differences in epidemiology, treatment, and prognosis of heart failure (HF) have been reported. We examined the sex influence in patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 334 consecutive HF patients (19.7% women) who underwent CRT, 195 patients reached clinical and echocardiographic evaluation at six and 12 months and were selected for analysis. A reduction in left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume/m(2) (EDVi) and end systolic volume/m(2) (ESVi) was evident in the overall population at six months (P < 0.001) and from six to 12 months (P < 0.001). Compared to men, women showed significantly greater changes in LV volumes at mid (P < 0.05) and long-term (P < 0.001) follow-up and a significantly higher LV ejection fraction (EF) (40.8 +/- 12.3 vs 34.1 +/- 10.1, P < 0.01) at one year. Multiple regression analysis, including several demographic and clinical parameters, revealed that female gender is independently associated with greater reduction in LV ESVi. At the 12-month follow-up, the proportion of responders (defined in terms of ESV reduction by at least 10%) was higher in women than in men (76.1% vs 59.3%, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CRT induced a gender specific LV remodeling response.
authors.affiliation: Department Heart and Vessels, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 85, Florence, Italy. lilli.alessio@libero.it
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lilli
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ricciardi
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Porciani
authors.forename: Alessandro Paoletti
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Perini
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pieragnoli
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Musilli
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colella
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Del Pace
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michelucci
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Turreni
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sassara
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Achilli
authors.forename: S Serge
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Barold
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Padeletti
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000401:mortality*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling