title: Optical dialysis adequacy sensor: wavelength dependence of the ultra violet absorbance in the spent dialysate to the removed solutes.
abstract: A need for dialysate-based, on-line, continuous monitoring systems for the control of dialysis efficiency and the prevention of dialysis-associated complications is arisen due to increasing number of dialysis patients and related treatment quality requirements. The aim of this study was to investigate the wavelength dependence between the the ultra-violet (UV) absorbance in the spent dialysate and the retained solutes removed during the hemodialysis in order to explain possibilities to estimate removal of the solutes by the optical dialysis adequacy sensor. Ten uremic patients, during 30 hemodialysis treatments, were followed at the Department of Dialysis and Nephrology, North-Estonian Regional Hospital. The dialysate samples were taken and analyzed with spectrophotometer to get absorbance spectra. The results confirm previous studies considering similarity for the UV-spectrum on the spent dialysate samples during a single dialysis session indicating presence of the same type of chromophores in the spent dialysate removed from the patient's blood for different patients groups. At the same time the highest correlation in the spent dialysate for urea, creatinine, potassium, and phosphate was obtained at the wavelength 237 nm that is a new finding compared to earlier results. The highest correlation between the UV-absorbance and uric acid in the spent dialysate was obtained at the wavelength 294 nm. Presence of at least two different wavelength ranges may add selectivity for monitoring several compounds. Our study indicates that the technique has a potential to estimate the removal of retained substances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia. jana@cb.ttu.ee
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jerotskaja
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lauri
authors.forename: Risto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanner
authors.forename: Merike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luman
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fridolin
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012995:Solubility; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014159:Transducers; D014511:Uremia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000534:rehabilitation*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions