title: Detection of unstable carotid artery stenosis using MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Carotid artery stenosis can be classified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as lesion types I-VIII according to a modified histological scheme based on American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines. Lesion types IV-V and VI are regarded as high-risk plaques.We aimed to evaluate the clinical relevance of this classification for identifying unstable plaques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five patients (29 female) with severe carotid artery stenosis (diagnosed by Doppler and duplex ultrasonography) were imaged using a 1.5 T scanner with bilateral phased-array carotid coils. T1-, T2-, time-offlight (TOF) and proton-density (PD)-weighted studies were obtained. The carotid plaques were classified as lesion types III-VIII according to the MRI-modified AHA criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five patients presented with a recently symptomatic stenosis; 50 patients were asymptomatic. Lesion types IV-V (51.4 % vs. 22 %) and VI (20 % vs. 4%; P < 0.0001) were found significantly more often in symptomatic patients compared to those without a history of cerebral ischemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The distribution of lesion types differs significantly between symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. High-risk lesion types IV-V and VI were overrepresented in recently symptomatic patients. MRI according to the modified AHA-criteria may be a suitable tool for detection of unstable carotid lesions.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Moehlstrasse 28, 81675, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sievers
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heider
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Greil
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zimmer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Poppert
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex