title: S100A7 (Psoriasin), highly expressed in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), is regulated by IFN-gamma in mammary epithelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present work was to explore signal transduction pathways used in the regulation of S100A7 (psoriasin). Members of the S100 gene family participate in many important cellular functions. Psoriasin, S100A8 (calgranulin A) and S100A9 (calgranulin B) are expressed in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), as well as in the hyperproliferative skin disease, psoriasis. In the latter condition, a disturbance in the STAT pathway has recently been reported. This pathway is implicated in the regulation of IFN-gamma, widely recognized as a key cytokine in psoriasis. IFN-gamma also exerts anti-tumor action in a number of tumor cell types, including breast cancer. We therefore examined the effect of IFN-gamma and STAT-signaling on the psoriasin expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We established a TAC2 mouse mammary epithelial cell line with tetracycline-inducible psoriasin expression (Tet-Off). Viability in cell culture was estimated using MTS assay. Protein and gene expression were evaluated by Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. Statistical analyses were assessed using a one-tailed, paired t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report the downregulation of psoriasin by IFN-gamma in the MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell line, as well as the downregulation of psoriasin induced by anoikis in cell lines derived from different epithelial tissues. In contrast, IFN-gamma had no suppressive effect on calgranulin A or calgranulin B. IFN-gamma is an important activator of the STAT1 pathway and we confirmed an active signaling pathway in the cell lines that responded to IFN-gamma treatment. In contrast, in the SUM190 breast carcinoma cell line, IFN-gamma did not suppress the expression of endogenous psoriasin. Moreover, a reduced phosphorylation of the STAT1 protein was observed. We showed that IFN-gamma treatment and the inhibition of the transcription factor NFkappaB had a synergistic effect on psoriasin levels. Finally, in TAC2 cells with tetracycline-induced psoriasin expression, we observed the increased viability of psoriasin-expressing cells after IFN-gamma treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support the possibility that psoriasin expression is transcriptionally suppressed by IFN-gamma and that this effect is likely to be mediated by the activation of the STAT1 signaling pathway. The increased viability of psoriasin-expressing cells after IFN-gamma exposure suggests that psoriasin expression leads to the development of an apoptosis-resistant phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden. stina.petersson@clingen.gu.se
authors.forename: Stina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petersson
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bylander
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yhr
authors.forename: Charlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Enerbäck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D040501:Calgranulin A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D040502:Calgranulin B / Q000096:biosynthesis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D000075023:S100 Calcium Binding Protein A7; D009418:S100 Proteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D040501:Calgranulin A; D040502:Calgranulin B; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000075023:S100 Calcium Binding Protein A7; D009418:S100 Proteins; C089242:S100A7 protein, human; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D007371:Interferon-gamma