title: Preferences for self-management support: findings from a survey of diabetes patients in safety-net health systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to identify interest in different modes of self-management support among diabetes patients cared for in public hospitals, and to assess whether demographic or disease-specific factors were associated with patient preferences. We explored the possible role of a perceived communication need in influencing interest in self-management support.
  
  
  METHODS
  Telephone survey of a random sample of 796 English and Spanish-speaking diabetes patients (response rate 47%) recruited from four urban US public hospital systems. In multivariate models, we measured the association of race/ethnicity, primary language, self-reported health literacy, self-efficacy, and diabetes-related factors on patients' interest in three self-management support strategies (telephone support, group medical visits, and Internet-based support). We explored the extent to which patients believed that better communication with providers would improve their diabetes control, and whether this perception altered the relationship between patient factors and self-management support acceptance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-nine percent of respondents reported interest in telephone support, 55% in group medical visits, and 42% in Internet. Compared to Non-Hispanic Whites, Spanish-speaking Hispanics were more interested in telephone support (OR 3.45, 95% CI 1.97-6.05) and group medical visits (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.49-4.02), but less interested in Internet self-management support (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.33-0.93). African-Americans were more interested than Whites in all three self-management support strategies. Patients with limited self-reported health literacy were more likely to be interested in telephone support than those not reporting literacy deficits. Forty percent reported that their diabetes would be better controlled if they communicated better with their health care provider. This perceived communication benefit was independently associated with interest in self-management support (p<0.001), but its inclusion in models did not alter the strengths of the main associations between patient characteristics and self-management support preferences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many diabetes patients in safety-net settings report an interest in receiving self-management support, but preferences for modes of delivery of self-management support vary by race/ethnicity, language proficiency, and self-reported health literacy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Public health systems should consider offering a range of self-management support services to meet the needs of their diverse patient populations. More broad dissemination and implementation of self-management support may help address the unmet need for better provider communication among diabetes patients in these settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States. usarkar@medicine.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Urmimala
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Piette
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lessler
authors.forename: Lisa D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.forename: Brendan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: Jolene
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brunt
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Marsha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Regenstein
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schillinger
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D015277:Hotlines; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000208:ethnology; D011203:Poverty; D012648:Self Care; D012657:Self-Help Groups; D012944:Social Support; D014481:United States