Mosaic serine proteases in the mammalian central nervous system.
We review the structure and function of three kinds of mosaic serine proteases expressed in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Mosaic serine proteases have several domains in the proenzyme fragment, which modulate proteolytic function, and a protease domain at the C-terminus. Spinesin/TMPRSS5 is a transmembrane serine protease whose presynaptic distribution on motor neurons in the spinal cord suggests that it is significant for neuronal plasticity. Cell type-specific alternative splicing gives this protease diverse functions by modulating its intracellular localization. Motopsin/PRSS12 is a mosaic protease, and loss of its function causes mental retardation. Recent reports indicate the significance of this protease for cognitive function. We mention the fibrinolytic protease, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), which has physiological and pathological functions in the CNS.
Mitsui
Shinichi
S
Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Kochi Medical School, Oko-cho, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan.
Watanabe
Yoshihisa
Y
Yamaguchi
Tatsuyuki
T
Yamaguchi
Nozomi
N
D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism
D008565:Membrane Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C450831:TMPRSS5 protein, human; C108493:neurotrypsin; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator