title: Prognostic value of different dead space indices in mechanically ventilated patients with acute lung injury and ARDS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the utility of derived dead space indexes to predict survival in mechanically ventilated patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and ARDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients with ALI (Murray score, > or =1; Pao(2)/fraction of inspired oxygen [Fio(2)] ratio, < 300) in critical care departments at two separate hospitals entered the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  At ICU admission, 24 h, and 48 h, we measured the following: simplified acute physiologic score II; Pao(2)/Fio(2) ratio; respiratory system compliance; and capnographic indexes (Bohr dead space) and physiologic dead space (Enghoff dead space [Vdphys/Vt]), expired normalized CO(2) slope, carbon dioxide output, and the alveolar ejection volume (Vae)/tidal volume fraction (Vt) ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The best predictor was the Vae/Vt ratio at ICU admission (Vae/Vt-adm) and after 48 h (Vae/Vt-48 h) [p = 0.013], with a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 64%. The difference between Vae/Vt-48 h and Vae/Vt-adm show a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 93% with a likelihood ratio (LR) of 10.2 and an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.83. The interaction between the Pao(2)/Fio(2) ratio and Vae/Vt-adm predict survival (p = 0.003) with an area under the ROC curve of 0.84, an LR of 2.3, a sensitivity of 100%, and a specificity of 57%. The Vdphys/Vt after 48 h predicted survival (p = 0.02) with an area under the ROC curve of 0.75, an LR of 8.8, a sensitivity of 63%, and a specificity of 93%. Indexes recorded 24 h after ICU admission were not useful in explaining outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Noninvasive measures of Vae/Vt at ICU admission and after 48 h of mechanical ventilation, associated with Pao(2)/Fio(2) ratio provided useful information on outcome in critically ill patients with ALI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Perioperative Medicine, Intensive Care and Emergency, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste University School of Medicine, Trieste, Italy. u.lucangelo@fmc.units.it
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lucangelo
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bernabè
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vatua
authors.forename: Giada
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Degrassi
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villagrà
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Pablo V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saura
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borelli
authors.forename: Lluis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blanch
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019296:Capnography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012126:Respiratory Dead Space; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015996:Survival Rate