title: Repetitive scratching and noxious heat do not inhibit histamine-induced itch in atopic dermatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Repetitive scratching is the most common behavioural response to itch in atopic dermatitis (AD). Patients with chronic itch often report that very hot showers inhibit itch. We recently reported that scratching and noxious heat stimuli inhibit histamine-induced itch in healthy subjects. However, no psychophysical studies have been performed in AD to assess the effects of repetitive heat pain stimuli and scratching on histamine-induced itch.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of repetitive noxious heat and scratching on itch intensity in patients with AD using quantitative sensory testing devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Itch was induced with histamine iontophoresis in 16 patients with AD in both lesional and nonlesional skin as well as in 10 healthy subjects. Repetitive noxious heat and scratching were applied 3 cm distal to the area of histamine iontophoresis. Subjects rated their perceived intensity of histamine-induced itch with a computerized visual analogue scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results demonstrate that repetitive noxious heat and scratching do not inhibit itch intensity in lesional and nonlesional AD skin but do so in healthy skin. Of note, both these stimuli increase itch intensity in lesional AD skin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results strongly suggest that scratching and noxious thermal stimuli have a different effect upon histamine-induced itch perception in patients with AD when compared with healthy controls. This difference may be associated with both peripheral and central sensitization of nerve fibres in AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishiuji
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Coghill
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dawn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fountain
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oshiro
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yosipovitch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006632:Histamine; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007478:Iontophoresis / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D011537:Pruritus / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011601:Psychophysics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D006632:Histamine