title: Effectiveness of potassium lactate and sodium diacetate in combination with irradiation to control Listeria monocytogenes on frankfurters.
abstract: The use of antimicrobial ingredients in combination with irradiation is an effective antilisterial intervention strategy for ready-to-eat meat products. Microbial safety was evaluated for frankfurters formulated with 0% or 3% added potassium lactate/sodium diacetate solution and inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes before or after treatment with irradiation (0, 1.8, or 2.6 kGy). Frankfurters were stored aerobically or vacuum packaged and L. monocytogenes counts and APCs were determined while refrigerated. The incorporation of lactate/diacetate with or without irradiation had a strong listeriostatic effect for aerobically stored frankfurters. Outgrowth was suppressed and counts were not different from initial counts (5.2 log CFU/frank compared with 5.0 log CFU/frank); however, those without the additive increased steadily (5.4 to 9.3 log CFU/frank). Irradiation treatments alone had higher L. monocytogenes counts after 3 wk. For vacuum-packaged frankfurters, both the addition of lactate/diacetate and irradiation were effective at controlling growth after 8 wk. Large and incremental reductions in total counts were seen for irradiation treatments. Initial counts were reduced by 3 log CFU with the application of 1.8 kGy while 2.6 kGy decreased counts over 5 log CFU. These reductions were maintained throughout storage for lactate/diacetate-treated frankfurters. By 8 wk, L. monocytogenes counts on 1.8 and 2.6 kGy irradiated frankfurters without lactate/diacetate increased to 7.43 and 6.13 log CFU, respectively. Overall, lactate/diacetate retarded the outgrowth of L. monocytogenes on frankfurters throughout aerobic storage and the combination of irradiation and 3% lactate/diacetate reduced and retarded growth of L. monocytogenes, especially during the last 2 wk of vacuum-packaged storage.
authors.affiliation: Kraft Foods, 910 Mayer Ave., Madison, WI 53704, USA.
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maxim
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Keeton
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D005514:Food Irradiation / Q000379:methods*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D018857:Food Packaging / Q000379:methods; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D007773:Lactates / Q000494:pharmacology; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects; D008461:Meat Products / Q000382:microbiology*; D019346:Sodium Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014618:Vacuum
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007773:Lactates; D019346:Sodium Acetate