title: Effect of dentifrices with antimicrobial agents on mutans streptococci in saliva and approximal dental plaque in orthodontic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of daily use of fluoride dentifrices containing various antimicrobial agents on mutans streptococci (MS) in saliva and approximal dental plaque.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine healthy adolescents, 12-14 years old, undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and harbouring high levels of MS in saliva and preferably also in interdental plaque, were randomly distributed into four groups, using dentifrices with: 1) zinc lactate (n = 16), 2) amine fluoride-stannous fluoride (n = 13), 3) triclosan (n = 15), and 4) no antimicrobial agent (control; n = 15). Changes of MS scores versus baseline were determined after 1, 3 and 6 months, using the Dentocult SM Strip mutans test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the 6-month sampling occasion, the subjects using dentifrice with either amine fluoride-stannous fluoride or triclosan showed a tendency to lower MS scores in interdental plaque (p < 0.05). In saliva and in the 1- and 3-month plaque samples, no changes of MS were detected in any of the four groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This 6-month clinical study showed that dentifrices with various antimicrobial agents only result in small or no changes of the MS scores in saliva and approximal dental plaque in orthodontic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Maxillofacial Unit, Central Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Magnusson
authors.forename: Lars G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Petersson
authors.forename: Dowen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Birkhed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000588:Amines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002648:Child; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances / Q000382:microbiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects*; D014002:Tin Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014260:Triclosan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003802:Dentifrices; D014002:Tin Fluorides; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C075174:amine fluoride gel; D014260:Triclosan