title: Trends in end-of-life ICU use among older adults with advanced lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is increasing concern about the appropriateness of intensive medical care near the end of life in ICUs throughout the United States. As a result of hospice expansion in the 1990s, we hypothesized that ICU use decreased over time in older adults with advanced lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis using the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Medicare database. There were 45,627 Medicare beneficiaries > or = 66 years of age with confirmed stage IIIB or IV lung cancer between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2002, who died within a year of their cancer diagnosis from 1993 through 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ICU use in the last 6 months of life increased from 17.5% in 1993 to 24.7% in 2002 (p < 0.001). After adjusting for patient characteristics, there was a 6.6% annual increase in ICU use from 1993 to 2002. During the same period, hospice use had risen from 28.8 to 49.9% (p < 0.001). A total of 6.2% of patients received both end-of-life ICU care and hospice care, a percentage that increased over time. The total health-care cost for Medicare fee-for-service patients during last 6 months was $40,929 for ICU users and $27,160 for non-ICU users (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite increasing hospice use, ICU utilization among older adults dying with advanced lung cancer continued to rise in the United States during the 1990s.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, Immunology, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX. TX 77555-0561. gulshan.sharma@utmb.edu
authors.forename: Gulshan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Goodwin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D017051:Hospice Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies