How does cooking time scale with size? A numerical modeling approach.
A mathematical model for a spatially distributed mechanical property such as Young's modulus and texture inside solid food during the cooking process was developed by combining a numerical conduction heat transfer model with the kinetics of property changes. Using the distributed mechanical property obtained from the thermokinetic model, linear elastic stress analysis was performed to determine the effective material property and how it changes during cooking. Spatial variation in the mechanical property is found to be significant for commonly used food sizes in potato. When property varies spatially, volume average property, which is easier to compute than an effective property obtained from mechanical stress analysis, can be a substitute for the effective property. Cooking time based on volume average Young's modulus varies less strongly with size than how temperature varies with size. When activation energy for the property change kinetics is lower, cooking time varies less with size. The scaling of cooking time with size and kinetics and the extent of property variation in a sample during cooking should provide useful guidelines in automating cooking processes.
Lee
S H
SH
Dept. of Food Science, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
Datta
A K
AK
Rao
M A
MA
D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods*; D005524:Food Technology; D007700:Kinetics; D008433:Mathematics; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010316:Particle Size; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors