title: Ambiguous abbreviations: an audit of abbreviations in paediatric note keeping.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the frequency, nature and understanding of abbreviations in medical records.
  
  
  METHODS
  Audit of abbreviation use and meaning in paediatric handover sheets and medical notes compared to two standards, the Trust Intranet Medical Dictionary (TID) and Mosby's Medical Dictionary (MMD). A selection of abbreviations was shown to healthcare professionals to examine interpretation of abbreviations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Large inner-city district general hospital, Birmingham, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frequency, nature and understanding of abbreviations in paediatric medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On 25 handover sheets a total of 2286 abbreviations were used, with 221 different abbreviations; the standards recognised 14% (TID) and 20% (MMD) of these abbreviations. In 168 sets of medical notes a total of 3668 abbreviations were used, with 479 different abbreviations; the standards recognised 15% (TID) and 17% (MMD). Some words were shortened in different forms, for example, normal (N, Nl, NAD) and some abbreviations had multiple interpretations that differed from those intended, for example, TOF (tetralogy of Fallot, tracheo-oesophageal fistula). When presented with a selection of abbreviations, paediatric doctors recognized 56-94% and other healthcare professionals recognised 31-63%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abbreviation use was widespread in paediatric note keeping. There was no systematic approach to this and difficulties in interpretation were demonstrated. The use of standardised abbreviations to avoid confusion is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sheppard
authors.forename: L C E
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Weidner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zakai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fountain-Polley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000004:Abbreviations as Topic; D004018:Dictionaries, Medical as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008485:Medical Audit; D008499:Medical Records / Q000592:standards*; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000592:standards*; D006113:United Kingdom