title: Preparation techniques for the injection of human autologous cartilage: an ex vivo feasibility study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the optimum donor site and preparation technique for injecting human autologous cartilage as a potentially permanent implant material for vocal fold medialization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective ex vivo experimental model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human nasal septal and auricular cartilage was obtained from eight surgical cases after institutional review board approval. The auricle and nasal septum were chosen as potential donor sites because of ease of accessibility, volume of cartilage potentially available, and minimal subsequent cosmetic deformity after the tissue harvesting procedure. Various preparation techniques readily available in most operating rooms were tested for their efficacy in generating an injectable cartilage slurry. The various cartilage slurries were injected through sequentially smaller needles and examined cytologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The best injection properties for both nasal septal and auricular cartilage were obtained by drilling the cartilage down with a 5 mm otologic cutting bur, which allowed free passage through an 18 gauge needle. Cytologic examination of drilled septal cartilage showed good uniformity of cartilage pieces with a mean largest dimension of 0.44 +/- 0.33 mm, and 33% of lacunae contained viable-appearing chondrocytes. Cytologic examination of drilled auricular cartilage was similar, except only 10% of lacunae were occupied by chondrocytes. Other techniques tested (knife, morselizer, and cartilage crusher) did not yield injectable cartilage slurries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both nasal septal and auricular cartilage can be prepared for injection via an 18 gauge needle using a cutting otologic bur. Further testing of in vivo viability and long-term volume retention is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, 88 East Newton Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA. pieter.noordzij@bmc.org
authors.forename: J Pieter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Noordzij
authors.forename: Justin M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cates
authors.forename: Seth M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Marc L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: W M Russell
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Ries
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.forename: C Gaelyn
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Ossoff
mesh_terms: D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D004425:Ear Cartilage / Q000166:cytology / Q000601:surgery; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000295:instrumentation; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000166:cytology / Q000601:surgery; D009339:Needles / Q000145:classification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000601:surgery*