title: Heavy metal status and oxidative stress in diesel engine tuning workers of central Indian population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the oxidative stress induced due to heavy metal exposure. Exposed populations are selected from an engine tuning station and control from the same area with no occupational exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard methods were followed for enzymatic assay, and heavy metals in blood and urine were analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer after microwave digestion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Changes in mean blood Pb, Cd, and Ni concentrations in blood and urine of exposed population of all age groups (20 to 35, 35 to 45, and 46 to 58 years) and exposure durations (< or =10, 11 to 20, and >20 years) were statistically not significant. However, exposed workers exhibited statistically significant higher antioxidant status in terms of serum glutathione-S-transferase activity, malondialdehyde level, and catalase activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings in this article suggest that occupational exposure to diesel exhaust of engine tuning workers causes induction of oxidative stress, which cannot be correlated with the heavy metals status in blood and urine of an exposed population.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India.
authors.forename: Sivanesan Saravana
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Devi
authors.forename: Arup Ratan
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: Raka A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: Nadimuthu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vinayagamoorthy
authors.forename: Kannan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthi
authors.forename: Villas Motiram
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Shinde
authors.forename: Jan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hengstler
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hermes
authors.forename: Tapan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005742:Gasoline / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D005742:Gasoline; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D001335:Vehicle Emissions