title: An open-label comparative pilot study of oral voriconazole and itraconazole for long-term treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In previous studies, itraconazole was revealed to be an effective therapy and was considered to be the gold standard treatment for mild-to-moderate acute and chronic clinical forms of paracoccidioidomycosis. A pilot study was conducted to investigate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of voriconazole for the long-term treatment of acute or chronic paracoccidioidomycosis, with itraconazole as the control treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, open-label study was conducted at 3 Brazilian tertiary care hospitals. Patients were randomized (at a 2 : 1 ratio) to receive oral therapy with voriconazole or itraconazole for 6 months. Patients receiving >or=1 dose of study drug were evaluated for safety; patients with confirmed paracoccidioidomycosis who completed >or=6 months of therapy (treatment-evaluable patients) were evaluated for treatment efficacy. Satisfactory global response was assessed at the end of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-three patients were evaluated for treatment safety (35 received voriconazole, and 18 received itraconazole). Both drugs were well tolerated. The most common treatment-related adverse events in the voriconazole group included abnormal vision, chromatopsia, rash, and headache; the most common treatment-related adverse events in the itraconazole group included bradycardia, diarrhea, and headache. Liver function test values were slightly higher in patients receiving voriconazole than in those receiving itraconazole; 2 patients in the voriconazole group were withdrawn from treatment because of increased liver function test values. In the intent-to-treat populations, the satisfactory response rate (i.e., complete or partial global response) was 88.6% among the voriconazole group and 94.4% among the itraconazole group. The response rate among treatment-evaluable patients was 100% for both treatment groups; no relapses were observed after 8 weeks of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is, to our knowledge, the first study to demonstrate that voriconazole is as well tolerated and effective as itraconazole for the long-term treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health, Hospital de Clinicas de Curitiba Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil queiroz.telles@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Queiroz-Telles
authors.forename: Luciano Z
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Goldani
authors.forename: Haran T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Schlamm
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Goodrich
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Espinel-Ingroff
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shikanai-Yasuda
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010229:Paracoccidioidomycosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D065819:Voriconazole
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D011743:Pyrimidines; D014230:Triazoles; D017964:Itraconazole; D065819:Voriconazole