title: Molecular basis of the antimutagenic activity of the house-cleaning inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase RdgB from Escherichia coli.
abstract: Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatases, which are ubiquitous house-cleaning enzymes, hydrolyze noncanonical nucleoside triphosphates (inosine triphosphate (ITP) and xanthosine triphosphate (XTP)) and prevent the incorporation of hypoxanthine or xanthine into nascent DNA or RNA. Here we present the 1.5-A-resolution crystal structure of the inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase RdgB from Escherichia coli in a free state and in complex with a substrate (ITP+Ca(2+)) or a product (inosine monophosphate (IMP)). ITP binding to RdgB induced a large displacement of the alpha1 helix, closing the enzyme active site. This positions the conserved Lys13 close to the bridging oxygen between the alpha- and beta-phosphates of the substrate, weakening the P(alpha)-O bond. On the other side of the substrate, the conserved Asp69 is proposed to act as a base coordinating the catalytic water molecule. Our data provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of the substrate selectivity and catalysis of RdgB and other ITPases.
authors.affiliation: Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Ontario Center for Structural Proteomics, University of Toronto, 112 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L6.
authors.forename: Alexei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Savchenko
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Proudfoot
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skarina
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Litvinova
authors.forename: Ruslan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sanishvili
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Nickolay
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chirgadze
authors.forename: Alexander F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Yakunin
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D007291:Inosine Monophosphate / Q000737:chemistry; D007293:Inosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000737:chemistry*; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D007291:Inosine Monophosphate; D007293:Inosine Triphosphate; D011755:Pyrophosphatases; C474645:RdgB protein, E coli; D002118:Calcium