SNF1/AMPK pathways in yeast.
The SNF1/AMPK family of protein kinases is highly conserved in eukaryotes and is required for energy homeostasis in mammals, plants, and fungi. SNF1 protein kinase was initially identified by genetic analysis in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. SNF1 is required primarily for the adaptation of yeast cells to glucose limitation and for growth on carbon sources that are less preferred than glucose, but is also involved in responses to other environmental stresses. SNF1 regulates transcription of a large set of genes, modifies the activity of metabolic enzymes, and controls various nutrient-responsive cellular developmental processes. Like AMPK, SNF1 protein kinase is heterotrimeric. It is phosphorylated and activated by the upstream kinases Sak1, Tos3, and Elm1 and is inactivated by the Reg1-Glc7 protein phosphatase 1. Further regulation of SNF1 is achieved through autoinhibition and through control of its subcellular localization. Here we review the current understanding of SNF1 protein kinase pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other yeasts.
Hedbacker
Kristina
K
Columbia University, Department of Genetics and Development, 701 W. 168th St. HSC 922, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Carlson
Marian
M
D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D002384:Catalysis; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D004777:Environment; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D002244:Carbon; C071570:SNF1-related protein kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C078651:SNF4 protein, S cerevisiae; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose