title: Determination of 10 particle-associated multiclass polar and semi-polar pesticides from small streams using accelerated solvent extraction.
abstract: A new analytical method using accelerated solvent extraction was developed for the determination of 10 particle-associated polar and semipolar pesticides. In addition, six deuterated analogues of the target compounds were evaluated as internal standards. The method yielded acceptable accuracy (73-103% recovery) and precision (<25% relative standard deviation) for eight compounds. Using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) as cleanup step resulted in higher recoveries compared to solid phase extraction (SPE) cleanup. Deuterated standards with 10 or more deuterium atoms performed well as internal standards concerning similar recovery and correlation with the target analytes. The method was employed to extract particle-associated pesticides from 16 streams located in an area with intense agriculture in France. Acetochlor, pirimicarb, tebuconazole, fenpropidin, alpha-endosulfan and chlorfenvinphos were detected at concentrations up to 1 mg kg(-1) dry weight. A comparison with aquatic toxicity data indicated potential risk to the benthic fauna exposed to these concentrations of pirimicarb, alpha-endosulfan and chlorfenvinphos. We suggest that the method presented here be used for the extraction and quantitation of particle-associated polar pesticides.
authors.affiliation: UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of System Ecotoxicology, Permoser Strasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. Ralf.Schaefer@ufz.de
authors.forename: Ralf Bernhard
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Brack
authors.forename: Klaus-Dieter
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Streck
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ruck
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liess
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D003903:Deuterium / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005602:France; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D010575:Pesticides; D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000096:Acetone; C007650:ethyl acetate; D003903:Deuterium