title: Leisure time but not occupational physical activity significantly affects cardiovascular risk factors in an adult population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A large number of studies have demonstrated that regular physical activity during leisure time (LTPA) accounts for a significant protection against cardiovascular diseases (CVD). On the other hand, conflicting findings on the beneficial effects of occupational physical activity (OPA) have been reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible influence of different amounts of LTPA and OPA on circulating levels of several parameters associated with an increased risk of CVD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 932 individuals (365 M; 567 F, with a mean age of 54 years) living in Florence, Italy, who were enrolled in a population study conducted between 2002 and 2004. Subjects were divided into three classes of LTPA and OPA according to a score derived from a questionnaire that assessed the amount of physical activity performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LTPA was inversely related to body mass index (BMI), hip circumference, diastolic blood pressure and triglycerides, as well as directly correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Likewise, a higher OPA was found to be associated with higher HDL cholesterol levels. Moreover, a multivariate logistical regression analysis, adjusted for possible confounders, showed that a moderate-to-high intensity of LTPA was able to confer a significant protection against having abnormal levels of BMI, waist circumference and triglycerides, main features of the metabolic syndrome, whereas no associations between these parameters and OPA were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A moderate-to-high LTPA was found to be significantly associated with a more favourable cardiovascular risk profile in terms of anthropometric, metabolic and lipid parameters among an Italian population. In addition, a relationship between OPA and HDL-cholesterol was reported.
authors.affiliation: Thrombosis Centre, University of Florence, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sofi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capalbo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marcucci
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gori
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fedi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Macchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Surrenti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abbate
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Gensini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids