title: Kynurenic acid inhibits intestinal hypermotility and xanthine oxidase activity during experimental colon obstruction in dogs.
abstract: Kynurenic acid (KynA), an endogenous antagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors, protects the central nervous system in excitotoxic neurological diseases. We hypothesized that the inhibition of enteric glutamate receptors by KynA may influence dysmotility in the gastrointestinal tract. Group 1 of healthy dogs served as the sham-operated control, in group 2, the animals were treated with KynA, while in groups 3 and 4 mechanical colon obstruction was maintained for 7 h. Group 4 was treated with KynA at the onset of ileus. Hemodynamics and motility changes were monitored, and the activities of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined from tissue samples. Colon obstruction induced a hyperdynamic circulatory reaction, significantly elevated the motility index and increased the mucosal leucocyte accumulation and the XOR activity. The KynA treatment augmented the tone of the colon, permanently decreased the motility index of the giant colonic contractions and reduced the increases in XOR and MPO activities. These effects were concomitant with the in vitro inhibition of XOR activity. In conclusion, KynA antagonizes the obstruction-induced motility responses and XOR activation in the colon. Inhibition of enteric NMDA receptors may provide an option to influence intestinal hypermotility and inflammatory changes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Surgical Research, Szent-Györgyi Albert Medical and Pharmaceutical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaszaki
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Palásthy
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Erczes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rácz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torday
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vécsei
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boros
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003112:Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D007736:Kynurenic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D009195:Peroxidase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D007736:Kynurenic Acid