title: Retrospective motion gating in small animal CT of mice and rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Implementation and evaluation of retrospective respiratory and cardiac gating of mice and rats using a flat-panel volume-CT prototype (fpVCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Respiratory and cardiac gating was implemented by equipping a fpVCT with a small animal monitoring unit. ECG and breathing excursions were recorded and 2 binary gating signals derived. Mice and rats were scanned continuously over 80 seconds after administration of blood-pool contrast media. Projections were chosen to reconstruct volumes that fall within defined phases of the cardiac/respiratory cycle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multireader analysis indicated that in gated still images motion artifacts were strongly reduced and diaphragm, tracheobronchial tract, heart, and vessels sharply delineated. From 4D series, functional data such as respiratory tidal volume and cardiac ejection fraction were calculated and matched well with values known from literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of retrospective gating in fpVCT improves image quality and opens new perspectives for functional cardiac and lung imaging in small animals.
authors.affiliation: Junior Group Molecular Imaging, Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. s.bartling@dkfz.de
authors.forename: Soenke H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bartling
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stiller
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grasruck
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peschke
authors.forename: Wolfhard
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Semmler
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kiessling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008168:Lung / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008482:Mediastinum / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009038:Motion; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D012119:Respiration; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D013990:Tidal Volume; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*