title: Comparing genomes with duplications: a computational complexity point of view.
abstract: In this paper, we are interested in the computational complexity of computing (dis)similarity measures between two genomes when they contain duplicated genes or genomic markers, a problem that happens frequently when comparing whole nuclear genomes. Recently, several methods ( [1], [2]) have been proposed that are based on two steps to compute a given (dis)similarity measure M between two genomes G_1 and G_2: first, one establishes a oneto- one correspondence between genes of G_1 and genes of G_2 ; second, once this correspondence is established, it defines explicitly a permutation and it is then possible to quantify their similarity using classical measures defined for permutations, like the number of breakpoints. Hence these methods rely on two elements: a way to establish a one-to-one correspondence between genes of a pair of genomes, and a (dis)similarity measure for permutations. The problem is then, given a (dis)similarity measure for permutations, to compute a correspondence that defines an optimal permutation for this measure. We are interested here in two models to compute a one-to-one correspondence: the exemplar model, where all but one copy are deleted in both genomes for each gene family, and the matching model, that computes a maximal correspondence for each gene family. We show that for these two models, and for three (dis)similarity measures on permutations, namely the number of common intervals, the maximum adjacency disruption (MAD) number and the summed adjacency disruption (SAD) number, the problem of computing an optimal correspondence is NP-complete, and even APXhard for the MAD number and SAD number.
authors.affiliation: IGM-LabInfo, UMR CNRS 8049, Université de Marnela-Vallée, Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2, France. gblin@univ-mlv.fr
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blin
authors.forename: Cedric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chauve
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fertin
authors.forename: Romeo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rizzi
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vialette
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D017353:Gene Deletion; D020440:Gene Duplication; D005819:Genetic Markers; D016678:Genome; D023281:Genomics; D008957:Models, Genetic; D015233:Models, Statistical; D008962:Models, Theoretical
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers