title: Transient receptor potential channel A1 involved in sensory transduction of rat urinary bladder through C-fiber pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression and function of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel A1 in the afferent pathway of rat urinary bladder. The TRPA1 is a candidate for both mechanosensory transduction and nociception.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescent staining was used to investigate the expression of TRPA1 in primary sensory neurons innervating the rat bladder. Cystometry was performed by intravesically infusing agonists of TRPA1 (trans-cinnamaldehyde or allyl isothiocyanate) in normal and capsaicin-pretreated urethane-anesthetized rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TRPA1 mRNA was expressed in L6-S1 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and bladder. The expression level for DRG/bladder mucosa/bladder muscular layer was 199:16:1. Its immunoreactivity was found in the small neurons of L6-S1 DRG. Of the bladder-innervating DRG neurons identified by retrograde labeling, 50.8% showed TRPA1 immunoreactivity. TRPA1 and calcitonin-gene related peptide were co-localized in subepithelial sensory nerves of the bladder. Intravesical perfusion of 600 microM trans-cinnamaldehyde significantly decreased the intercontraction interval and pressure threshold to 59.8% and 83.8% of their control value, respectively. The effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde were reversible by washing out the drug. Desensitization of C-fibers by capsaicin markedly attenuated the trans-cinnamaldehyde effects. Also, 400 microM allyl isothiocyanate reversibly and significantly decreased the intercontraction interval to 64.7% of its control value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TRPA1 is expressed in the bladder-innervating primary sensory neurons. Its agonists cause bladder hyperreflexia through C-fiber-mediated afferent pathway. TRPA1 might be involved in the bladder afferent transduction as a mechanotransducer and/or nociceptor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan. du_shuqi@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Shuqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Mitsuharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshiyama
authors.forename: Teruhisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeda
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000344:Afferent Pathways; D000818:Animals; D017487:Ankyrins; D002120:Calcium Channel Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000378:metabolism; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology; D036421:Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated / Q000378:metabolism*; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000378:metabolism*; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012677:Sensation / Q000502:physiology*; D018689:Sensory System Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000074025:TRPA1 Cation Channel; D050052:TRPC Cation Channels; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000294:innervation* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D017487:Ankyrins; D002120:Calcium Channel Agonists; D015220:Calcium Channels; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018689:Sensory System Agents; D000074025:TRPA1 Cation Channel; D050052:TRPC Cation Channels; C480976:Trpa1 protein, rat; D000171:Acrolein; C004471:allyl isothiocyanate; D002211:Capsaicin; C012843:cinnamaldehyde