title: Translational embryology: using embryonic principles to generate pancreatic endocrine cells from embryonic stem cells.
abstract: Diseases that affect endodermally derived organs such as the lungs, liver, and pancreas include cystic fibrosis, chronic hepatitis, and diabetes, respectively. Despite the prevalence of these diseases, cures remain elusive. While several promising transplantation-based therapies exist for some diseases such as Type 1 diabetes, they are currently limited by the availability of donor-derived tissues. Embryonic stem cells are a promising and renewable source of tissue for transplantation; however, directing their differentiation into specific, adult cell lineages remains a significant challenge. In this review, we will focus on one endodermally derived organ, the pancreas, and discuss how studies of embryonic pancreas development have been used as the basis for the directed, step-wise differentiation of mouse and human embryonic stem cells into pancreatic endocrine cells that are capable of rescuing Type 1 diabetes in animal models.
authors.affiliation: Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati Ohio 45229-3039, USA.
authors.forename: Jason R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Spence
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation; D004707:Endoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological