Antibodies for HIV treatment and prevention: window of opportunity?
Monoclonal antibodies are routinely used as therapeutics in a number of disease settings and have thus also been explored as potential treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. Antibodies targeting viral antigens, and those directed to the cellular receptors, have been considered for use in prevention and therapy. For virus-targeted antibodies, attention has focused primarily on their neutralizing activity, but such antibodies also have the potential to exert antiviral effects via effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), opsonization, or complement activation. Anti-cell antibodies act through occlusion or down-modulation of the viral receptors with notable impact in vivo, as recent trials have shown. This review summarizes the diverse specificities and modes of action of therapeutic antibodies against HIV-1 infection. Successes, challenges, and future opportunities of harnessing antibodies for therapy of HIV-1 infection are discussed.
Huber
M
M
Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
Olson
W C
WC
Trkola
A
A
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000276:immunology
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D019713:Receptors, CCR5