title: Ethical and policy issues relating to progenitor-cell-based strategies for prevention of atherosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine important ethical and societal issues relating to the use of progenitor-cell-based strategies for disease prevention, particularly atherosclerosis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Several nascent lines of evidence suggest the feasibility of using progenitor cells to reverse the health consequence of atherosclerosis. Such potential uses of progenitor cells are scientifically exciting, yet they raise important ethical and societal issues.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Working Group on Ethics of Progenitor Cell-based Strategies for Disease Prevention met to discuss the relevant issues. Several drafts of a report were then circulated to the entire Working Group for comments until a consensus was reached.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scientific evidence suggests the appropriateness of using progenitor-cell-based strategies for some rare conditions involving atherosclerosis, but additional preclinical data are needed for other, more prevalent conditions before human trials begin. All such trials raise a set of ethical issues, especially since trials aimed at prevention rather than treatment may involve persons who do not yet have disease but will be exposed to the risks of interventions. In addition, enrolment in prevention trials may be hazardous and harmful if participants erroneously believe experimental interventions will necessarily prevent disease. Finally, given the high prevalence of atherosclerosis, there are some important public policy implications of taking such an approach to prevention, including the sources of progenitor cells for such interventions as well as the allocation of health resources.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Potential uses of progenitor-cell-based strategies for preventing atherosclerosis must be considered in the context of a range of social and ethical issues.
authors.affiliation: Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: S Matthew
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Pascal J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Goldschmidt-Clermont
authors.forename: Pascal J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Goldschmidt
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sugarman
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000941:ethics*; D026690:Ethics, Clinical; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D013234:Stem Cells