title: Continuous intra-arterial infusion of nimodipine during embolization of cerebral aneurysms associated with vasospasm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite rigorous efforts, cerebral vasospasm remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who survive their initial subarachnoid hemorrhage. In cases of intracranial ruptured aneurysm associated with vasospasm, we evaluated the effectiveness of combined embolization of an aneurysm and intra-arterial infusion of nimodipine, which continued during the entire procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with ruptured aneurysms associated with vasospasm who were treated in a single session were reviewed retrospectively. After initial intra-arterial infusion of nimodipine (1-2 mg within 10-15 minutes), they underwent occlusion of the aneurysm with coils under continuous intra-arterial infusion of nimodipine at a dose of 1 mg per hour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Angiography showed severe proximal vasospasm in 1 patient, proximal and distal in 3 patients, and distal in 3 patients. There was also moderate proximal vasospasm in 4 patients, proximal and distal in 1 patient, and distal in 1 patient. Complete occlusion of the aneurysm was achieved in 5 patients, incomplete occlusion in 3 patients, and a small neck remnant in 2 patients. Final angiograms also demonstrated complete clearance of a proximal spasm in 4 patients, and complete clearance of proximal and distal spasms in another 4 patients. Mean initial dose of nimodipine was 1.375 mg, and mean continuous infusion dose was 1.275 mg (mean total dose, 2.65 mg). No medical complications related to extended infusion of nimodipine occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this small series, extended intra-arterial infusion of nimodipine up to the end of the embolization procedure was effective and safe in patients with a ruptured aneurysm and associated vasospasm. This technique seems to increase the security of the procedure as well as force further vasorelaxation when the endovascular route is used to treat both the aneurysm and vasospasm in a single step.
authors.affiliation: Ege University Medical School Department of Radiology, Izmir, Turkey. ismailoran@gmail.com
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oran
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cinar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009553:Nimodipine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009553:Nimodipine