title: Empirical rescue therapy after Helicobacter pylori treatment failure: a 10-year single-centre study of 500 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several 'rescue' therapies have been recommended to eradicate Helicobacter pylori, but they still fail in >20% of the cases, and these patients constitute a therapeutic dilemma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of different 'rescue' therapies empirically prescribed during 10 years to 500 patients in whom at least one eradication regimen had failed to cure H. pylori infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective single-centre study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients in whom at least one eradication regimen had failed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rescue regimens included: (i) quadruple therapy with omeprazole-bismuth-tetracycline-metronidazole; (ii) ranitidine bismuth citrate-tetracycline-metronidazole; (iii) omeprazole-amoxicillin-levofloxacin; and (iv) omeprazole-amoxicillin-rifabutin. Antibiotic susceptibility was unknown (rescue regimens were chosen empirically).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eradication was defined as a negative (13)C-urea breath test 4-8 weeks after completing therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five hundred patients were included (76% functional dyspepsia, 24% peptic ulcer). Compliance rates with first-, second- and third-line regimens were 92%, 92%, and 95%, respectively. Adverse effects were reported by 30%, 37%, and 55% of the patients receiving second-, third-, and fourth-line regimens. Overall, H. pylori cure rates with the second-, third-, and fourth-line rescue regimens were 70%, 74%, and 76%, respectively. Cumulative H. pylori eradication rate with four successive treatments was 99.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible to construct an overall treatment strategy to maximize H. pylori eradication, on the basis of administration of four consecutive empirical regimens; thus, performing bacterial culture even after a second or third eradication failure may not be necessary.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa and Ciberehd, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain. gisbert@meditex.es
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gisbert
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gisbert
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Alonso
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moreno-Otero
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pajares
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000863:Antacids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001944:Breath Tests; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017828:Rifabutin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000863:Antacids; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D008795:Metronidazole; D017828:Rifabutin; D000658:Amoxicillin; D011899:Ranitidine; D013752:Tetracycline; C002791:bismuth tripotassium dicitrate; D009853:Omeprazole