title: Starch serves as carbohydrate storage in nematode-induced syncytia.
abstract: The plant parasitic nematode Heterodera schachtii induces specific syncytial feeding sites in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana from where it withdraws all required nutrients. Therefore, syncytia have to be well supplied with assimilates and generate strong sinks in the host plant's transport system. Import mechanisms and consequent accumulation of sucrose in syncytia were described recently. In this work, we studied the starch metabolism of syncytia. Using high-performance liquid chromatography and microscopic analyses, we demonstrated that syncytia store carbohydrates by starch accumulation. Further, we monitored the expression of genes involved in the starch metabolic pathway by gene chip analysis and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Finally, we provide functional proof of the importance of starch synthesis for nematode development using T-DNA insertion lines. We conclude that syncytia accumulate starch as a carbohydrate buffer to compensate for changing solute uptake by the nematode and as long-term storage during juvenile development.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Applied Plant Sciences and Plant Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, A-1190, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Szakasits
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blöchl
authors.forename: Miroslaw
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sobczak
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daxböck-Horvath
authors.forename: Wladyslaw
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Golinowski
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bohlmann
authors.forename: Florian M W
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Grundler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000469:parasitology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009348:Nematoda / Q000502:physiology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000469:parasitology*; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D013213:Starch