title: Development of endoscopic arytenoid adduction using cricoid implant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to develop a less-invasive alternative to conventional arytenoid adduction using a cricoid implant.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a preliminary study with excised human and canine larynges. A nail-shaped stainless steel rod and an insertion device were designed for an in vivo animal trial. After unilateral recurrent laryngeal denervation surgery in 5 adult mongrel dogs, the implants were inserted endoscopically through a small mucosal incision over the cricoarytenoid joint. Acoustic and aerodynamic data were obtained from each animal before serial euthanasia followed by examination of the excised larynges.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The canine cricoid cartilage demonstrated adequate marrow space for implantation. We found that the arytenoid cartilage was successfully medialized and tightly fixed over a sufficient period of time just by inserting an implant in the cricoid cartilage. The animal study showed that the implantation procedure was relatively easy and relatively safe. Acoustic and aerodynamic studies confirmed the functional improvement of the voice. Histopathologic study revealed a favorable tissue response to the implant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic arytenoid adduction using a cricoid implant is feasible and could be a noninvasive surgical option for the treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Tack-Kyun
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Woo-Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Myung-Whun
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Kwang Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001193:Arytenoid Cartilage / Q000601:surgery*; D002102:Cadaver; D003413:Cricoid Cartilage / Q000601:surgery*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000601:surgery*