title: Molecular imaging of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) expression.
abstract: The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) is a key member of the HER family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Activation of HER-2 affects cell growth, proliferation, migration, adhesion, and survival. Due to its crucial role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, HER-2 has been intensively investigated as a target for cancer therapy. The ability to quantitatively image HER-2 expression in a noninvasive manner can aid in lesion detection, patient stratification, new drug development/validation, dose optimization, and treatment monitoring. This review summarizes the current state of understanding in multimodality imaging of HER-2 using positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), optical, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with HER-2 specific antibodies, antibody derivatives and affibodies as targeting ligands. Successful development of new HER-2 targeted imaging agents with optimal in vivo stability, targeting efficacy, and desirable pharmacokinetics for clinical translation will enable maximum benefit in cancer patient management.
authors.affiliation: The Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Weibo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Xiaoyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments / Q000737:chemistry; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human