title: Emissions from cooking microwave popcorn.
abstract: This study characterized chemicals released into a chamber in the process of cooking microwave popcorn. Seventeen types of microwave popcorn from eight different brands were studied. The work proceeded in two phases: phase one investigated chemicals emitted during popping and opening, phase two investigated chemicals emitted at discrete intervals from 0-40 minutes post-pop opening. The research was performed using a microwave oven enclosed in a chamber with ports for air sampling of particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs in the air samples were identified and quantified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). PM was characterized using both an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) to cover a full range of emitted sizes. The compounds measured during popping and opening included butter flavoring components such as diacetyl, butyric acid, acetoin, propylene glycol, 2-nonanone, and triacetin and bag components such as p-xylene and perfluorinated alcohol 8:2 telomer. The greatest chemical quantity is emitted when the bag is opened post-popping; more than 80% of the total chemical emissions occur at this time.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, RTP, NC 27711, USA. rosati.jacky@epa.gov
authors.forename: Jacky A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rosati
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Krebs
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D002079:Butter; D003931:Diacetyl / Q000032:analysis; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D017611:Fluorine Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D018857:Food Packaging; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008872:Microwaves; D011786:Quality Control; D013997:Time Factors; D014835:Volatilization; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005421:Flavoring Agents; D017611:Fluorine Compounds; D002079:Butter; D003931:Diacetyl