title: Training and detraining of a tetraplegic subject: high-volume FES cycle training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the effect of high-volume FES cycle training on cardiopulmonary fitness and bone parameters in a tetraplegic subject.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case study of 1 yr of functional electrical stimulated (FES) cycle training with the highest possible power output in a tetraplegic subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depending on the training compliance (varying from 22.9 to 82.9%) maximal power output and peak oxygen uptake increased by 113 and 103%, respectively. After reduction in training intensity, these parameters reduced correspondingly. Bone mineral density of the distal femoral epiphysis showed an increase of 3.9% after 12 mos of cycle training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible to increase maximal power output, cardiopulmonary fitness, and bone parameters of the paralyzed limbs in tetraplegia by high-volume cycle training. However, if training is not maintained, these improvements are lost. In tetraplegic subjects, it may be difficult to maintain the high level of training required to achieve benefits.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tanja H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kakebeeke
authors.forename: Pius J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hofer
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frotzler
authors.forename: Helga E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Lechner
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perret
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005269:Femur / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013977:Tibia / Q000502:physiology