title: Differences in the clinical and radiological presentation of intrathoracic tuberculosis in the presence or absence of HIV infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the differences in the clinical and radiological presentation of tuberculosis in the presence or absence of HIV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 231 consecutive adults with active pulmonary tuberculosis admitted to a tuberculosis hospital were studied, assessing HIV infection, AIDS, and associated factors, as well as re-evaluating chest X-rays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 113 HIV-positive patients (49%) Comparing the 113 HIV-positive patients (49%) to the 118 HIV-negative patients (51%), the former presented a higher frequency of atypical pulmonary tuberculosis (pulmonary lesions accompanied by intrathoracic lymph node enlargement), hematogenous tuberculosis, and pulmonary tuberculosis accompanied by superficial lymph node enlargement, as well as presenting less pulmonary cavitation. The same was found when HIV-positive patients with AIDS were compared to those without AIDS. There were no differences between the HIV-positive patients without AIDS and the HIV-negative patients. Median CD4 counts were lower in HIV-positive patients with intrathoracic lymph node enlargement and pulmonary lesions than in the HIV-positive patients with pulmonary lesions only (47 vs. 266 cells/mm3; p < 0.0001), in HIV-positive patients with AIDS than in those without AIDS (136 vs. 398 cells/mm3; p < 0.0001) and in patients with atypical pulmonary tuberculosis than in those with other forms of tuberculosis (31 vs. 258 cells/mm3; p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atypical forms and disseminated disease predominate among patients with advanced immunosuppression. In regions where TB prevalence is high, the presence of atypical pulmonary tuberculosis or pulmonary tuberculosis accompanied by superficial lymph node enlargement should be considered an AIDS-defining condition.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. pedpicon@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Pedro Dornelles
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Picon
authors.forename: Maria Luiza Avancini
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Caramori
authors.forename: Sérgio Luiz
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bassanesi
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jungblut
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Folgierini
authors.forename: Nelson da Silva
authors.initials: Nda S
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.forename: Carlos Fernando Carvalho
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Rizzon
authors.forename: Roberto Luiz Targa
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Tânia Mariza de
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: Carla Adriane
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Jarczewski
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D011859:Radiography; D014388:Tuberculosis, Lymph Node / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*