title: Therapeutic drug monitoring of tricyclic antidepressants in everyday clinical practice.
abstract: Data about therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of psychotropic medications are often obtained from samples of highly selected individuals, who may not be representative for the average psychiatric patient. These data therefore may have limitations with regard to their transferability to everyday clinical practice. Therefore studies under naturalistic conditions are important to clarify the full clinical relevance of TDM. We retrospectively evaluated all TDM-analyses of the tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) amitriptyline and clomipramine during a 12-month period in an unselected sample of patients in a standard clinical setting. We especially examined the relationship between serum levels on one hand and clinical response and adverse effects on the other hand. In patients with amitriptyline, responders showed a significantly higher serum level than non-responders, whereas in patients with clomipramine a serum level within the recommended therapeutic range was associated with clinical response. We also found significantly higher serum concentrations in patients with adverse effects compared to patients without adverse effects in the clomipramine group. No such relationship could be shown in patients treated with amitriptyline. Our results suggest that therapeutic ranges in naturalistic settings in some ways differ from those obtained in controlled clinical settings and that TDM studies in everyday clinical practice are necessary and beneficial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. bruno.pfuhlmann@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pfuhlmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerlach
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gonska
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Unterecker
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jabs
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riederer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deckert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002997:Clomipramine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D000639:Amitriptyline; D002997:Clomipramine