title: Side chain disorder and phase transitions in alkyl-substituted, conjugated oligomers. Relation to side-chain melting in P3ATs.
abstract: Certain 4,4'-alkyl substituted 2,2'-bithiazole and bithiazole-thiophene oligomers display an endothermic transition in their DSC trace below their respective melting points. Variable-temperature FTIR, MAS-1H NMR, UV-vis spectra, and XRD all indicate that the thermal transition is due to a crystal-crystal phase transition that we have labeled alpha --> beta. FTIR shows a stepwise increase in the concentration of gauche defects at the alpha --> beta transition temperature, but MAS NMR spectra show little increase in the side chain motion until the mp is reached. UV-vis spectra demonstrate that the conjugated main chains remain essentially planar through the alpha --> beta transition, and significant deviations from planarity occur only at higher temperatures, but well below the mp. The close similarity of this behavior to the phase transitions in long chain n-paraffins and the "side-chain melting" phenomenon in poly(3-alkylthiophenes), P3ATs, suggests that the latter may actually be more accurately described as a crystal-crystal phase transition of the crystalline fraction, driven by side chain disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. mdcurtis@umich.edu
authors.forename: M David
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: John I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Nanos
authors.forename: Hyunsik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Woong Sang
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Jahng