title: Entry site neovascularization and vitreous cavity hemorrhage after diabetic vitrectomy. The predictive value of inner sclerostomy site ultrasonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the incidence of neovascularization of the inner sclerostomy wound and occurrence of postoperative vitreous cavity hemorrhage (POVCH) after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive prospective longitudinal clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three eyes (58 patients) undergoing primary vitrectomy for PDR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-megahertz (MHz) high-resolution anterior segment ultrasonography was performed on all sclerostomy sites 2 months postoperatively and repeated at the time of any POVCH. The appearance of the inner sclerostomy wound was divided into 4 classes (normal, spheroidal, tent, and trapezoidal, representing entry site neovascularization). The occurrence, degree, and duration of POVCH and need for revision surgery with vitreous cavity washout (VCW) were recorded. Postoperative vitreous cavity hemorrhage was divided into 3 groups-namely, mild, moderate, and major.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inner sclerostomy wound appearance on ultrasonography, degree and timing of POVCH, and need for VCW.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 15 eyes in total with POVCH (20%): one patient had a persistent POVCH that required VCW. Fourteen other eyes (19%) had recurrent POVCH. Four (28%) of these 14 eyes with recurrent POVCH were classified as mild and 3 (21%) moderate: all cleared spontaneously with no further intervention needed. None of these had a trapezoidal image. Seven of the 14 eyes with recurrent POVCH were classified as major. Five of these 7 eyes had a trapezoidal image at 2 months postoperatively, and 4 required VCW (5.5% of total no. of eyes in study). All patients with a trapezoidal image experienced some degree of recurrent vitreous cavity hemorrhage (P = 0.0000024). The odds ratio was approximately 330:1. There was a significant correlation between the severity of POVCH and entry site appearance on ultrasound. In the first year of follow-up, all patients requiring VCW after recurrent POVCH had a trapezoidal image present at 2 months postoperatively (P = 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The appearance of a trapezoidal image on 20-MHz high-resolution anterior segment ultrasonography at a sclerostomy site after vitrectomy for PDR was highly correlated with the occurrence of nonclearing POVCH and need for VCW. Conversely, the absence of a trapezoidal image in patients with POVCH was associated with spontaneous hemorrhage clearance.
authors.affiliation: Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Queen Alexandra Road, Sunderland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D H W
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Steel
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Habib
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hildreth
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Owen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D033401:Microscopy, Acoustic; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012590:Sclera / Q000098:blood supply*; D012599:Sclerostomy; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014823:Vitreous Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D014945:Wound Healing