title: Bioavailability effect of methylprednisolone by polymeric micelles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of PEO-PPO-PEO polymeric micelles (PM) formulation on the bioavailability of methylprednisolone (MP), a treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI), to the blood and spinal cord (SC) of rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  The characteristic of MP formulated with PM (MP/PM) was evaluated by critical micelles concentration (CMC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and in vitro kinetic release measurements. HPLC was used to analyze the MP disposition in plasma and SC of rabbits receiving single dose intravenous administration. After MP/PM delivery, the mRNA and protein levels of anti-apoptotic marker, Bcl-x(L), were monitored by Reverse Transcription -Real-Time -Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting analysis, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a concentration of 0.1% and at 25 degrees C, PEO-PPO-PEO copolymers formed micelles shown by fluorescence probe, DLS and solubility test. The size of the MP/PM was in an average of 60 nm with a single, rounded shape detected under AFM. Being formulated with 6% PM, MP had higher solubility (219.6 +/- 3.6 microg/ml) and release rate (11.1 +/- 0.4 ng min(1/2)) at 37 degrees C. After intravenously administrated with single dose of 1 mg/kg of MP/PM to rabbits, higher levels of MP in plasma and SC were detected compared to animals receiving an equal dose of MP, analyzed by HPLC. PM formulation markedly increased (7-fold) the plasma half-lives (t (1/2)) of MP (from 76.1 +/- 8.0 to 514.3 +/- 70.0 min). In addition, the SC t (1/2) of MP/PM also increased from 278 to 528 min. In SC, the mRNA level of Bcl-x(L) increased 4-fold in animals receiving MP/PM compared to that with MP alone at 7 h post-administration. Similar elevated Bcl-x(L) protein was also detected upon MP/PM administration compared to MP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PM vehicle was able to deliver MP to improve its pharmacokinetic profile in plasma and SC with higher expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-x(L) at both mRNA and protein levels.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgical Department, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Shih Lin District, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shwu-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Lang-Yo
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yi-Hsuan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chung Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Shwu-Jiuan
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jiahorng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liaw
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001682:Biological Availability; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004563:Electrochemistry; D006207:Half-Life; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008823:Micelles; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D010316:Particle Size; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008823:Micelles; C116176:PEO-PPO-PEO; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D008775:Methylprednisolone