title: The psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (Swe-PAID-20): scale development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Considering the importance of psychological aspects in the management of diabetes, there is a need of validated measurements in this area. Such tools make it possible to screen patients for specific conditions as well as they serve as reliable measures when evaluating medical, psychological and educational interventions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current study was conducted to adapt the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale for use among Swedish-speaking patients with type 1 diabetes and to evaluate the psychometric properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methodological research design was used in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 325 type 1 diabetes patients was systematically selected from the local diabetes registry of a university hospital in Stockholm, Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following the linguistic adaptation using the forward-backward translation method, the 20-item PAID was answered by the selected patients. Statistics covered exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, convergent validity and content validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the factor analysis a three-factor solution was found to be reasonable with the sub-dimensions diabetes-related emotional problems (15 items), treatment-related problems (2 items) and support-related problems (3 items). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total score was 0.94 and varied between 0.61 and 0.94 in the three subscales. The findings also gave support for the convergent and content validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Swedish version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (Swe-PAID-20) seems to be a reliable and valid outcome for measuring diabetes-related emotional distress in type 1 diabetes patients.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Medicine, House 17, 4th floor, S-182 88 Stockholm, Sweden. susanne.amsberg@ki.se
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amsberg
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wredling
authors.forename: Per-Eric
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Lins
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.forename: Unn-Britt
authors.initials: UB
authors.lastname: Johansson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D013548:Sweden