title: Lactobacilli and tartrazine as causative agents of red-color spoilage in cucumber pickle products.
abstract: The cucumber pickling industry has sporadically experienced spoilage outbreaks in pickled cucumber products characterized by development of red color on the surface of the fruits. Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei were isolated from 2 outbreaks of this spoilage that occurred about 15 y apart during the last 3 decades. Both organisms were shown to produce this spoilage when inoculated into pickled cucumbers while concomitantly degrading the azo dye tartrazine (FD&C yellow nr 5). This food dye is used as a yellow coloring in the brine cover solutions of commercial pickled cucumber products. The red color does not occur in the absence of tartrazine, nor when turmeric is used as a yellow coloring in the pickles. Addition of sodium benzoate to the brine cover solutions of a pickled cucumber product, more specifically hamburger dill pickles, prevented growth of these lactic acid bacteria and the development of the red spoilage.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, SAA Food Science Research Unit, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7624, USA. Ilenys.Prez-Daz@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Pérez-Díaz
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Kelling
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Breidt
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: McFeeters
mesh_terms: D018553:Cucumis sativus; D005505:Food Coloring Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013645:Tartrazine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005505:Food Coloring Agents; D013645:Tartrazine