title: Evidence for a tumour suppressive function of IGF1-binding proteins in human breast cancer.
abstract: The role of the insulin like growth factor (IGF) system in various human malignancies has been well established. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-1, -3 and -7 genes in benign and malignant breast tissue and explore their relationship with various prognostic parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Breast cancer tissue (n=127) and normal background tissue (n-33) were prospectively collected and analysed for levels of IGFBP-1, -3 and -7 mRNA using real-time Q-PCR. mRNA levels were then analysed against tumour grade, nodal status, Nottingham prognostic index (NPI)/TNM stage and tumour type.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For IGFBP-1 and -3, mRNA expression was higher in normal tissue. This was significant for IGFBP-1 when comparing NPI 3 with NPI 1 (p=0.050) and the normal group (p=0.040). With respect to TNM analysis, there was less IGFBP-1 mRNA when comparing TNM 3 with normal (p=0.017), TNM 1 (p=0.047) and TNM 2 (p=0.019) tumours. This was also found when comparing TNM 4 samples with normal tissue (p=0.017), TNM 1 (p=0.046) and TNM 2 (p=0.019). For IGFBP-3 mRNA, there was less mRNA when comparing TNM 3 with TNM 1 (p= 0.017) and TNM 2 (p=0.050), and also less mRNA expression when comparing TNM 4 with TNM 1 (p=0.030). For IGFBP-7 mRNA, both TNM 1 (p=0.0077) and TNM 2 (p=0.015) had significantly more expression than TNM 3 samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the role of IGFBP-1, -3 and -7 as potential tumour suppressor genes in human breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: St. George's-University of London, Blackshaw Road, Tooting, London, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mokbel
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins