title: Extraneural metastases in anaplastic ependymoma.
abstract: Ependymoma are rare glial neoplasm, it rarely metastasize outside the central nervous system. We present a case of anaplastic ependymoma with extraneural metastases with review of literature. A ten-year-old male child presented with anaplastic ependymoma of choroid plexus and treated with craniospinal radiotherapy in 1998. He had intracranial recurrence in 2004, confirmed by biopsy. He was given adjuvant chemotherapy in form of PCV. At 10 months after completion of chemotherapy, he developed extracranial scalp metastasis and so was treated with palliative local radiation therapy to the scalp metastasis and systemic chemotherapy with oral Etoposide. Scalp metastasis completely disappeared and ataxia improved. After five cycles of chemotherapy, the patient had progression of disease in form of scalp and cervical lymph node metastasis confirmed by fine needle aspiration cytology, biopsy and immunohistochemistry. He was given salvage chemotherapy (carboplatin + ifosfamide + etoposide) at 3-weekly. He had partial response and was still on chemotherapy till May 2007.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-226 014, India.
authors.forename: Pavan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Poonam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chhabra
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D016545:Choroid Plexus Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D004806:Ependymoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012535:Scalp / Q000473:pathology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*