title: Burst suppression during propofol anaesthesia recorded from scalp and subthalamic electrodes: report of three cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Measurement of slow EEG activity and burst suppression are the main tasks in monitoring the effects of anaesthestics with EEG, which is often done with commercial univariate indexes such as BIS. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of burst suppression EEG during propofol anaesthesia using scalp electrodes and depth electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus. Specifically, we describe the electrical fields of the three EEG patterns we have previously described: the sharp wave, the burst and the spindle.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recorded the EEG of three Parkinson patients during propofol anaesthesia from the scalp electrodes and the depth electrode implanted in the subthalamic nucleus for treating parkinsonism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) The slow waves of bursts recorded from all surface electrodes on scalp or neck with depth electrode reference are positive and have the highest amplitude in frontal electrodes, suggesting synchronous generation in the whole cerebral cortex. (2) The sharp wave and spindles have the highest amplitude at vertex. They are opposite in polarity in vertex and depth electrodes when referred to the neck electrode, suggesting generation in the sensorimotor cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recording simultaneously EEG from the depth and scalp electrodes shows that bursts and their slow wave oscillations are synchronous in the whole cortex while spindles and sharp waves are produced by the sensorimotor cortex. The amplitude of slow waves recorded with surface electrodes is equal to the difference of the wave at two electrodes and therefore only a small part of that generated by the cortex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sonkajärvi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puumala
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Erola
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Baer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karvonen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suominen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jäntti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012535:Scalp / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery*; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015742:Propofol