title: Global dynamics of newly constructed oligonucleosomes of conventional and variant H2A.Z histone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Complexes of nucleosomes, which often occur in the gene promoter areas, are one of the fundamental levels of chromatin organization and thus are important for transcription regulation. Investigating the dynamic structure of a single nucleosome as well as nucleosome complexes is important for understanding transcription within chromatin. In a previous work, we highlighted the influence of histone variants on the functional dynamics of a single nucleosome using normal mode analysis developed by Bahar et al. The present work further analyzes the dynamics of nucleosome complexes (nucleosome oligomers or oligonucleosomes) such as dimer, trimer and tetramer (beads on a string model) with conventional core histones as well as with the H2A.Z histone variant using normal mode analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The global dynamics of oligonucleosomes reveal larger amplitude of motion within the nucleosomes that contain the H2A.Z variant with in-planar and out-of-planar fluctuations as the common mode of relaxation. The docking region of H2A.Z and the L1:L1 interactions between H2A.Z monomers of nucleosome (that are responsible for the highly stable nucleosome containing variant H2A.Z-histone) are highly dynamic throughout the first two dynamic modes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dissection of the dynamics of oligonucleosomes discloses in-plane as well as out-of-plane fluctuations as the common mode of relaxation throughout the global motions. The dynamics of individual nucleosomes and the combination of the relaxation mechanisms expressed by the individual nucleosome are quite interesting and highly dependent on the number of nucleosome fragments present in the complexes. Distortions generated by the non-planar dynamics influence the DNA conformation, and hence the histone-DNA interactions significantly alter the dynamics of the DNA. The variant H2A.Z histone is a major source of weaker intra- and inter-molecular correlations resulting in more disordered motions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. amutha_ramu@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Amutha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramaswamy
authors.forename: Ilya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ioshikhes
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D016880:Anisotropy; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000378:metabolism; D004278:DNA, Superhelical / Q000378:metabolism; D019281:Dimerization; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017510:Protein Folding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004278:DNA, Superhelical; D006657:Histones; C493530:Htz1 protein, S cerevisiae; D009707:Nucleosomes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins