title: Hydroxylated jasmonates are commonly occurring metabolites of jasmonic acid and contribute to a partial switch-off in jasmonate signaling.
abstract: In potato 12-hydroxyjasmonic acid (12-OH-JA) is a tuber-inducing compound. Here, it is demonstrated that 12-OH-JA, as well as its sulfated and glucosylated derivatives, are constituents of various organs of many plant species. All accumulate differentially and usually to much higher concentrations than jasmonic acid (JA). In wounded tomato leaves, 12-OH-JA and its sulfated, as well as glucosylated, derivative accumulate after JA, and their diminished accumulation in wounded leaves of the JA-deficient mutants spr2 and acx1 and also a JA-deficient 35S::AOCantisense line suggest their JA-dependent formation. To elucidate how signaling properties of JA/JAME (jasmonic acid methyl ester) are affected by hydroxylation and sulfation, germination and root growth were recorded in the presence of the different jasmonates, indicating that 12-OH-JA and 12-hydroxyjasmonic acid sulfate (12-HSO(4)-JA) were not bioactive. Expression analyses for 29 genes showed that expression of wound-inducible genes such as those coding for PROTEINASE INHIBITOR2, POLYPHENOL OXIDASE, THREONINE DEAMINASE or ARGINASE was induced by JAME and less induced or even down-regulated by 12-OH-JA and 12-HSO(4)-JA. Almost all genes coding for enzymes in JA biosynthesis were up-regulated by JAME but down-regulated by 12-OH-JA and 12-HSO(4)-JA. The data suggest that wound-induced metabolic conversion of JA/JAME into 12-OH-JA alters expression pattern of genes including a switch off in JA signaling for a subset of genes.
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Natural Product Biotechnology, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Miersch
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Natural Product Biotechnology, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neumerkel
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Natural Product Biotechnology, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dippe
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Natural Product Biotechnology, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.|Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Department of Plant Biochemistry of Plants, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stenzel
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Natural Product Biotechnology, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wasternack
mesh_terms: D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D006900:Hydroxylation; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015394:Molecular Structure; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010940:Plant Proteins; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003517:Cyclopentanes; D054883:Oxylipins; D010940:Plant Proteins; C011006:jasmonic acid