title: Interexaminer reliability of chiropractic evaluation for cervical spine problems--a pilot study. Part 1: Graduates from one institution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A pilot study was conducted to determine whether untrained examiners could agree on palpatory findings in the cervical spine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three university students, (most of whom were chiropractic students), had their cervical spines examined by seven different chiropractors using their own clinical methods, of which motion palpation was a common, but not standard component.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chiropractic Centre in Macquarie University.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteer university students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individual clinical methods, which included static and/or motion palpation, vertebral springing, range of motion and applied kinesiology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically, for the total group, there was poor interexaminer reliability. Of eight examiners, four did not disagree significantly, the next two examiners disagreed with each other but only at a single level and the remaining two examiners disagreed with most of the other examiners and each other.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the cervical spine, it appears that C6 is the level of highest contention, followed by C1 and C5. Essentially the results suggest that combinations of examiners show reasonable consistency at identifying the same entity while using their own typical examination techniques. The nature of these palpable findings, leading to a diagnosis of subluxation or vertebral dysfunction is ill defined. Several issues were considered as important: expectations of examiners, research design, subject compliance, role of asymptomatic subjects and what the examiners were actually detecting.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Tuchin
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gee
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plucknett
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bonello