title: Relationship between abnormal glucose tolerance test and history of previous recurrent miscarriages, and beneficial effect of metformin in these patients: a prospective clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of an abnormal glucose tolerance test in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion and whether metformin would safely reduce the rate of first trimester spontaneous abortions in patients without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) as well as with PCOS and an abnormal glucose tolerance test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective control clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Shiraz University-affiliated hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion and women with a history of normal full term pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The incidence of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism was determined. Metformin and placebo were given to women with an abnormal glucose tolerance test and who had recurrent spontaneous abortions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Continuation of pregnancy beyond the first trimester in all groups and presence or absence of teratogenicity in the delivered baby after metformin therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine of the patients in the group with recurrent spontaneous abortion were found to have an abnormal glucose tolerance test result compared with just four (5.4%) patients in the normal pregnancy group. The abortion rate was significantly reduced after metformin therapy in patients without PCOS in comparison to the placebo group (15% vs. 55%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates an important link between an abnormal glucose tolerance test and a history of recurrent abortion. It was also found that metformin therapy improves the chances of a successful pregnancy in patients with an abnormal glucose tolerance test.
authors.affiliation: Department of OB & GYN, Shiraz Medical University, Shiraz, Iran. jzolghad@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jaleh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zolghadri
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tavana
authors.forename: Talie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kazerooni
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soveid
authors.forename: Marzieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taghieh
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin