title: Renal manifestations of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and renal outcomes in diabetic patients remains unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the association between MS and albuminuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied a total of 1003 adult Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, 582 men, with a mean (+/-S.D.) age of 62+/-12 years. Patients with macroalbuminuria, defined as a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) > or =300 mg/g Cr, and those with renal insufficiency, defined as serum creatinine > or =2.0 mg/dl, were excluded. MS was assessed according to Japanese definition proposed in 2005. Microalbuminuria and decreased GFR were defined as ACR of 30-299 mg/g Cr and estimated GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of microalbuminuria was significantly higher in patients with MS than those without. In contrast, the prevalence of decreased GFR was comparable between patients with and without MS. Waist circumference was selected as a significant variable in the logistic regression analysis for microalbuminuria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microalbuminuria, but not decreased GFR, is independently associated with MS and solely with increased waist circumference in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
authors.forename: Ko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanai
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Babazono
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007564:Japan; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D003404:Creatinine