title: Reducing the effects of electrocardiographic artifacts on electro-oculography in automatic sleep analysis.
abstract: Removal of electrocardiographic (ECG) artifacts of QRS complexes from a single channel electroencephalography (EEG) and electro-oculography (EOG) can be problematic especially when no reference ECG signal is available. This study examined a simple estimation method excluding the possible QRS part of the EOG trace before spectrum estimation. The method was tested using a simple sleep classifier based on 0.5-30 Hz mean frequency of single channel sleep EOG, with the left EOG electrode referenced to the left mastoid (EOG L-M1). When QRS peaks were automatically excluded from the least square (LS) mean frequency estimation the average optimal mean frequency threshold decreased from 9.3 Hz to 8.8 Hz and agreement and Cohen's Kappa increased respectively from 89% to 90% and from 0.44 to 0.50 when compared to the traditional spectral estimation.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Laboratory, Brain Work Research Center, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland. jussi.virkkala@ttl.fi
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Virkkala
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Alpo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Värri
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huupponen
authors.forename: Sari-Leena
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Himanen
authors.forename: Kiti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D004585:Electrooculography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*