title: Epidemiology, visual outcome, and hospitalization costs of open globe injury in northern Sardinia, Italy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the epidemiology, visual outcome, and hospitalization costs of open globe injury in Northern Sardinia, Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based study involving all residents of Northern Sardinia. Hospital records were analyzed to obtain information on open globe injury. Age, gender, place of residence, occupation, cause of injury, circumstances, eye protection, visual outcome, and hospitalization costs were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using an ordered probit estimate to calculate the predicted probability of visual outcome and a cross sectional linear regression model to evaluate some determinants of hospitalization costs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1993 to 2004, 176 residents (169 men, 7 women) were hospitalized for open globe injury. The overall annual incidence was 3.2 per 100,000. A bimodal age pattern was observed, with peaks at ages 20-24 and 50-59 years. The commonest occupation was "retired" (13.6%); 71% of injuries occurred during domestic or leisure activities. At the time of injury, 93.2% of patients were wearing no eye protection, 5.7% were wearing only ordinary spectacles, and 1.1% were wearing the correct protective equipment (safety goggles, shield). Final vision was < 3/60 in 27.3% of cases. Analyzing the predicted probability of blinding outcome, hospitalization costs were significantly influenced by greater age, retirement, residence in a rural area, and trauma occurrence during the weekend.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Open globe injury in Northern Sardinia varied with age, gender, and residence, was associated with lack of eye protection, and often resulted in severe visual loss. People engaged in domestic or leisure activities, especially the retired, are at highest risk, suggesting the need for targeted messages. This could reduce the incidence of open globe injury and its associated costs on the community.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. apina@uniss.it
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinna
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Atzeni
authors.forename: Pierpaolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patteri
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salvo
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zanetti
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001766:Blindness / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D015807:Eye Injuries, Penetrating / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology