title: Consideration about negative controls for LC3 and expression vectors for four colored fluorescent protein-LC3 negative controls.
abstract: A cytosolic form of LC3 is conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine by Atg7, an E1-like enzyme, and Atg3, an E2-like enzyme, during autophagy. To monitor intracellular autophagosomes and autolysosomes, GFP-LC3 is a useful tool. However, GFP-LC3 can aggregate without being conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine, especially when GFP-LC3 is transiently expressed (Kuma A, Matsui M, Mizushima N. Autophagy 2007; 3:323-8). Therefore, as a negative control, we investigated a mutant human LC3DeltaG protein in which the C-terminal Gly(120) essential for LC3-lipidation is deleted, and generated a set of expression plasmids for wild-type human LC3 and mutant LC3DeltaG fused to either CFP, GFP, YFP, or HcRed at the N terminus. We found that the mutant LC3DeltaG protein does not react with human Atg7 and Atg3, indicating that LC3-lipidation does not occur, and few puncta containing mutant LC3DeltaG form under starvation conditions. As observed with wildtype HcRed-LC3, mutant HcRed-LC3DeltaG also co-localizes with polyQ150-aggregates suggesting that the colocalization of HcRed- LC3 to polyQ150-aggregates is independent of LC3-lipidation. These mutant LC3DeltaG proteins will be useful negative controls in recognizing non-specific fluorescent protein-LC3 aggregates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Isei
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tanida
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaji
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishiura
authors.forename: Eiki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kominami
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D008164:Luminescent Proteins; C477012:MAP1LC3A protein, human; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins