title: Tissue microarrays for testing basal biomarkers in familial breast cancer cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The proteins p63, p-cadherin and CK5 are consistently expressed by the basal and myoepithelial cells of the breast, although their expression in sporadic and familial breast cancer cases has yet to be fully defined. The aim here was to study the basal immunoprofile of a breast cancer case series using tissue microarray technology.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study at Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil, and the Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Porto, Portugal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry using the antibodies p63, CK5 and p-cadherin, and also estrogen receptor (ER) and Human Epidermal Receptor Growth Factor 2 (HER2), was per-formed on 168 samples from a breast cancer case series. The criteria for identifying women at high risk were based on those of the Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Familial tumors were more frequently positive for the p-cadherin (p = 0.0004), p63 (p < 0.0001) and CK5 (p < 0.0001) than was sporadic cancer. Moreover, familial tumors had coexpression of the basal biomarkers CK5+/ p63+, grouped two by two (OR = 34.34), while absence of coexpression (OR = 0.13) was associated with the sporadic cancer phenotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Familial breast cancer was found to be associated with basal biomarkers, using tissue microarray technology. Therefore, characterization of the familial breast cancer phenotype will improve the understanding of breast carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Porto, Portugal. rozany@ccs.ufsc.br
authors.forename: Rozany Mucha
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Dufloth
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Zeferino
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001940:Breast / Q000737:chemistry; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D015820:Cadherins / Q000032:analysis*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000032:analysis*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins; D005819:Genetic Markers; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; C115051:TP63 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D066246:ErbB Receptors