title: The gastric emptying of food as measured by gamma-scintigraphy and electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and its influence on the gastric emptying of tablets of different dimensions.
abstract: A study in human volunteers has been designed to evaluate the influence of different food regimes on the gastric emptying of 3 mm and 10 mm diameter tablets. Dextrose and beef drinks were used as liquid food; a mixture of minced beef and mashed potato (shepherd's pie) was used as a solid meal. The gastric emptying of these foods was monitored simultaneously with electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and gamma-scintigraphy (GS), and was quantified in terms of the time before gastric emptying started, the lag time, the mean gastric residence time (MGRT) and its variance (VGRT), and the time for complete emptying. The gastric emptying time of the tablets was established by monitoring the position of the tablets, which had been labelled with suitable radio isotopes, by GS. The two systems for monitoring gastric emptying of the foods did not provide equivalent results: times obtained with EIT were generally shorter than those obtained with GS for the liquid foods, but were longer for the solid meal. There was only a slight difference in the emptying times of the two liquid foods, whereas values for MGRT, VGRT and the time for complete emptying were considerably longer for the solid meal. In nearly all instances the tablets emptied after the foods had emptied completely from the stomach. Gastric emptying times were longer for the 3 mm tablets than the 10 mm tablets, whatever food they were taken with. The difference between the median emptying times was significant when the meal was either a dextrose solution or a beef drink, but not when the meal was shepherd's pie. The increase in gastric emptying time of tablets induced by solid food was greater than that associated with the differences in tablet size. By providing a protocol that did not allow the administration of further food until after the tablets had emptied from the stomach, no tablet emptying times exceeded 6 h.
authors.affiliation: School of Health, Natural and Social Sciences, University of Sunderland, City Centre Campus, Wharncliffe Road, Sunderland SR1 3SD, UK.
authors.forename: Fridrun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Podczeck
authors.forename: Catherine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Short
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005502:Food; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D013270:Stomach / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D013607:Tablets / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D014054:Tomography
chemical_list: D013607:Tablets