Culture, context, and behavior.
In this article I propose a model that posits three major sources of influence on behavior-basic human nature (via universal psychological processes), culture (via social roles), and personality (via individual role identities) and argue that individual behaviors are the products of the interaction between the three. I discuss how culture emerges from the interaction of basic human nature and the ecological contexts in which groups exist, and how social roles are determined by culture-specific psychological meanings attributed to situational contexts. The model further suggests that situational context moderates the relative contributions of the three sources in influencing behavior. I provide examples of apparent contradictory findings in the study of emotion that can be explained by the model proposed.
Matsumoto
David
D
San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA. dm@sfsu.edu
D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004532:Ego; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008960:Models, Psychological; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D010551:Personality; D010553:Personality Development; D012107:Research Design; D012649:Self Concept; D012919:Social Behavior; D012927:Social Control, Informal; D013694:Temperament