title: The bone-anchor sub-urethral sling for the treatment of iatrogenic male incontinence: subjective and objective assessment after 41 months of mean follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate retrospectively the objective and subjective parameters in 42 male patients who underwent bone anchored sub-urethral sling positioning (BAUS) for SUI (stress urinary incontinence) due to ISD (intrinsic sphincter deficiency).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with SUI due to radical retropubic prostatectomy (36 patients), transurethral resection of prostate (5 patients) and open simple prostatectomy (1 patient) underwent BAUS positioning between July 1999 and September 2005 (mean FU = 41 months). Before and after surgery, the patients were evaluated by physical examination, urethrocystoscopy, urodynamics, 1 h pad test and QoL questionnaire. Surgical technique involved perineal implantation to the pubic rami using four anchors of a sub-urethral sling made of synthetic (26 patients), biological (4 patients) or mixed (12 patients) material. Patients were stratified into three groups: (1) Cured: dry patients at stress test, pad weight 0-1 g. (2) Improved: patients with mild-moderate incontinence, pad weight 2-50 g. (3) Failed: unchanged patients, pad weight > 50 g.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the final follow-up visit cured, improved and failed patients were 26 (62%), 4 (8%) and 12 (30%), respectively. Mean pad weight significantly decreased from 104.6 to 47.3 g (55%) and mean total questionnaire score significantly increased to 50.7 (66%). Mean ALPP significantly increased to 50.4 cmH2O (44.8%). Better results were seen with synthetic slings. Main complications were perineal pain (76%), detrusor overactivity (12%) and sling infection (4.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BAUS implantation is a safe, effective, minimally invasive option for iatrogenic male incontinence due to ISD. It compares favourably with AUS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, San Paolo Hospital, Via Genova, 38, 17100 Savona, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giberti
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schenone
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cortese
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D053825:Suburethral Slings / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D053441:Suture Anchors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*