title: 99mTc Hynic-rh-Annexin V scintigraphy for in vivo imaging of apoptosis in patients with head and neck cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the value of (99m)Tc Hynic-rh-Annexin-V-Scintigraphy (TAVS), a non-invasive in vivo technique to demonstrate apoptosis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  TAVS were performed before and within 48 h after the first course of cisplatin-based chemoradiation. Radiation dose given to the tumour at the time of post-treatment TAVS was 6-8 Gy. Single-photon emission tomography data were co-registered to planning CT scan. Complete sets of these data were available for 13 patients. The radiation dose at post-treatment TAVS was calculated for several regions of interest (ROI): primary tumour, involved lymph nodes and salivary glands. Annexin uptake was determined in each ROI, and the difference between post-treatment and baseline TAVS represented the absolute Annexin uptake: Delta uptake (DeltaU).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 24 of 26 parotid glands, treatment-induced Annexin uptake was observed. Mean DeltaU was significantly correlated with the mean radiation dose given to the parotid glands (r = 0.59, p = 0.002): Glands that received higher doses showed more Annexin uptake. DeltaU in primary tumour and pathological lymph nodes showed large inter-patient differences. A high correlation was observed on an inter-patient level (r = 0.71, p = 0.006) between the maximum DeltaU in primary tumour and in the lymph nodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the dose range of 0-8 Gy, Annexin-V-scintigraphy showed a radiation-dose-dependent uptake in parotid glands, indicative of early apoptosis during treatment. The inter-individual spread in Annexin uptake in primary tumours could not be related to differences in dose or tumour volume, but the Annexin uptake in tumour and lymph nodes were closely correlated. This effect might represent a tumour-specific apoptotic response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, f.hoebers@nki.nl
authors.forename: Frank J P
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Hoebers
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kartachova
authors.forename: Josien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Bois
authors.forename: Michiel W M
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: van den Brekel
authors.forename: Harm
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Tinteren
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Herk
authors.forename: Coen R N
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Rasch
authors.forename: Renato A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Valdés Olmos
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verheij
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017304:Annexin A5; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D011379:Prognosis; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C117287:technetium Tc 99m HYNIC annexin V