title: Contributions to the study of optimal biphasic pulse shapes for functional electric stimulation: an analytical approach using the excitation functional.
abstract: An analytical approach to threshold problems in functional electric stimulation and pacing is proposed, framed in the concept of excitation functional. This functional can be applied to nerve, muscle and myocardium stimulation by external electrodes. An optimal shape for a biphasic pulse is found, using the criteria of minimum energy dissipated in biological tissues and total charge compensation between the excitatory cathodic and the compensatory anodic phases. The method can be further developed and applied to other threshold problems in functional electric stimulation and pacing.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suárez-Antola
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004566:Electrodes; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004867:Equipment Design; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D013997:Time Factors