title: 'A dispassionate and objective effort:' negotiating the first study on the Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation.
abstract: The National Academy of Science's 1956 study on the Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation (BEAR) was designed to provide an objective analysis to assess conflicting statements by leading geneticists and by officials in the Atomic Energy Commission. Largely because of its status as a detached, non-governmental evaluation by eminent scientists, no studies have had a broader impact on the development of biological thinking in regard to nuclear policies. This paper demonstrates that despite the first BEAR study's reputation as an objective and independent study, it was the product of careful negotiation between Academy scientists, the Atomic Energy Commission, and Britain's Medical Research Council. This paper also reveals the fragility of the consensus that produced the Academy's report, the range of political uses of the report, and the subsequent disaffection of the scientists who took part in it.
authors.affiliation: Department of History, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA. jdhamb@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jacob Darwin
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hamblin
mesh_terms: D049673:History, 20th Century; D009307:National Academy of Sciences, U.S. / Q000266:history; D009678:Nuclear Energy / Q000266:history*; D011853:Radiobiology / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States