title: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-like changes in monochorionic twin pregnancies with selective intrauterine growth restriction and intermittent absent/reversed end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-like (HCL) changes in monochorionic twins with selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) and intermittent absent/reversed end-diastolic flow (iAREDF), also defined as Type III sIUGR, and the clinical relevance of this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 80 pregnancies with sIUGR were studied, 40 with, and 40 without iAREDF. HCL changes were defined as an increased thickness of either left or right ventricular wall (mean > 2 SD) estimated with M-mode ultrasonography. Data were plotted on normal reference values constructed from 75 uncomplicated monochorionic twin pregnancies (150 fetuses) at 22-34 weeks' gestation. Perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with and without HCL changes were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the group with iAREDF, 8/40 of the larger twins (20%) had HCL changes (five bilaterally, two in the right, and one in the left ventricle) as compared with 1/40 (2.5%) in fetuses without iAREDF (P = 0.03). No differences were observed in the smaller twin (1/40 in both groups). HCL changes were not associated with a significant increment in perinatal mortality as only one large fetus from the group with iAREDF died in utero. In the remaining 10 cases, no differences in the intertwin weight discordance, placental surface discordance, or rate of neonatal neurological damage were observed. However, all 10 presented mildly abnormal neonatal cardiac findings that resolved over time with no apparent short-term impact on cardiac function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HCL changes in the larger twin should be regarded as part of the spectrum of findings in Type III monochorionic-sIUGR (presenting iAREDF). This finding does not seem to be associated with an increased rate of short-term neurological or cardiac complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Abellana
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Andrade
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Figueroa-Diesel
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Acosta-Rojas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cabero
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gratacos
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003971:Diastole; D004200:Diseases in Twins; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*