title: A comparison between distal and proximal port device insertion in head and neck cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare technical feasibility and complications of radiologically arm port device implantation using arm venography exclusively (API-Group B) with chest port placement using cephalic vein cutdown (CVC-Group A), in advanced consecutive head and neck cancer patients (HNP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Port device placement was attempted in 225 consecutive HNP. Decision for inclusion in Group A or B was made first by the availability of the surgeon/radiologist to perform the procedure, second by contraindications of each technique. Patient transfer from one group to the other was recorded as well as technical feasibility, complications and device specific duration in this retrospective study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technical success was statistically higher in Arm Port Group (99.1%) compared to Chest Port Group (75.2%). Device specific duration rate of the whole population was 53% (95%CI) [0.47-0.60] at 6 months, 44.1% (95%CI) [24.4-37.8] at 12 months and 8% (95%CI) [4.4-14.5] at 24 months. Median follow-up was 5.55 months (range: 0.032-9.6] in Group A versus 5.90 months [range: 0.06-27.6] (p=ns) in Group B. Complication rate was 15.9% in Group A versus 8.9% in Group B corresponding to a complication rate per patient-implantation-days of 0.66/1000 patient-days (A) versus 0.42/1000 patient-days (B). Premature port device explantation rate was 4.4% (A) versus 5.4% (B). Axillary and subclavian venous thrombosis was the main complication and occurred in 12 Group A patients and three Group B patients. Venous thrombosis rate was 0.37/1000 patient-days (A) and 0.13/1000 patient-days (B) (p=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A few data exist about device insertion in HNP in whom venous cervical access is contraindicated. This comparative study demonstrates that both implantation techniques are safe and effective. The higher technical success rate with 0% heavy sedation, the lower venous thrombosis rate in the API group, and the 5.3% (A-B) patient transfer rate argue in favour of arm port placement in HNP. Indications for API include patients with an ipsilateral major pectoralis-myocutaneous flap, with radiodermatitis, tumour recurrence in the neck and upper chest, or with respiratory impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiodiagnostics and Interventional Radiology, Antoine Lacassagne Anticancer Research Institute, Nice Cedex 1, France. pierre-yves.marcy@cal.nice.fnclcc.fr
authors.forename: P-Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Marcy
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chamorey
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amoretti
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Benezery
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bensadoun
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bozec
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Poissonnet
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dassonville
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rame
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Italiano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peyrade
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brenac
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gallard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016121:Brachiocephalic Veins; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008875:Middle Aged; D010690:Phlebography; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents