title: Mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in neural stem cells exposed to manganese.
abstract: Manganese is an essential nutrient for humans that has to be maintained at proper levels for normal brain functioning. However, manganese also acts as a toxicant to the brain, and several studies have linked exposure to excessive manganese to neurotoxicity in adults. A recent report has suggested that ingesting high doses of manganese via drinking water can impede intellectual functions in children. It is known that during development, the nervous system is particularly vulnerable to different types of injuries and toxicants. Neural stem cells (NSCs) play an essential role in both the developing nervous system and the adult brain where the capacity for self-renewal may be important. In the present study, we have used NSCs to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in manganese developmental neurotoxicity. The results show that primary cultures of rat embryonic cortical NSCs as well as the murine-derived multipotent NSC line C17.2 undergo apoptotic cell death via a mitochondrial-mediated pathway in response to manganese. Exposed cells exhibit typical apoptotic features, such as chromatin condensation and cell shrinkage, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-3, and caspase-specific cleavage of the endogenous substrate poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. In addition, our data also show that reactive oxygen species formation plays a role in the onset of manganese toxicity in NSCs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Toxicology and Neurotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Christoffer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tamm
authors.forename: Farideh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sabri
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ceccatelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology; D002712:Chlorides / Q000633:toxicity*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects*; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015388:Organelles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D020169:Caspases; C025340:manganese chloride; D002118:Calcium