title: Perceived stress and cognitive vulnerability mediate the effects of personality disorder comorbidity on treatment outcome in major depressive disorder: a path analysis study.
abstract: Although personality disorder (PD) comorbidity has been associated with poor treatment outcome in major depressive disorder (MDD), little is known about mechanisms mediating this link. Converging evidence suggests that maladaptive cognitive patterns, particularly in interaction with stressors, might lead to poor treatment outcome in MDD subjects with PD pathology. The goal of this study was to test the role of PD comorbidity, cognitive vulnerability, and perceived stress in treatment outcome in MDD. Three hundred eighty-four MDD outpatients were enrolled in an 8-week open-label treatment of fluoxetine. Structural equation modeling and path analyses revealed that the effect of PD vulnerability on treatment outcome was fully mediated by increased pretreatment cognitive vulnerability and depression severity, which led to increased stress perception after treatment and poorer antidepressant response. Depressogenic cognitions might be continuously activated by chronic distress in MDD subjects reporting axis II pathology, leading to stress exacerbation and eventually poorer treatment outcome.
authors.affiliation: Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. mcandrian@partners.org
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Candrian
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farabaugh
authors.forename: Diego A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Pizzagalli
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baer
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fava
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005473:Fluoxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors