title: Treatment strategy in fibromyalgia syndrome: where are we now?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The treatment of the fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is not standardized and often ineffective, and the course of disease progression is unpredictable.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To highlight the efficacy of the pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments administered to FMS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline search for articles published between 1983 and 2007, using the keywords fibromyalgia, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment, and multidisciplinary modalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) indicate that FMS has been treated by a wide range of drugs including antidepressants, opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, sedatives, muscle relaxants, and antiepileptic agents. Although the syndrome is now more widely recognized and understood, its treatment remains challenging and some physicians believe that no effective treatment exists. Only a few drugs have been shown to have clear-cut benefits in RCTs. FMS sufferers benefit from exercise and a number of the tested programs have involved more than 1 type of exercise. Two other major approaches are psychophysiologically based therapy, such as electromyography biofeedback, and interventions based on cognitive-behavioral therapy. Twelve controlled clinical studies have provided evidence supporting the efficacy of treatments administered to people with FMS by multidisciplinary teams using multicomponent strategies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is difficult to draw definite conclusions concerning the most appropriate approach to managing FMS because of the methodological limitations of the available studies and the fact that the heterogeneity and nonstandardized nature of their therapeutic programs make them difficult to compare. An individually tailored multidisciplinary pharmacologic, rehabilitative, and cognitive-behavioral approach currently seems to be the most effective.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Scientist, Rheumatology Unit, L. Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy. sarzi@tiscali.it
authors.forename: Piercarlo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sarzi-Puttini
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Buskila
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrabba
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doria
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Atzeni
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans