title: Azithromycin prevents recurrence of severe trichiasis following trichiasis surgery: STAR trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Trichiasis, the potentially visually disabling result of chronic trachoma, is a leading cause of blindness world wide. Surgery can repair trichiasis, but recurrence of severe trichiasis (lashes touching the cornea) following surgery is likely to have immediate vision threatening consequences. Azithromycin use post-surgery appeared to be beneficial against recurrences but there were a mix of severe, moderate, and mild trichiasis; the specific effect on prevention of severe, vision-threatening recurrence is unknown. This randomized, clinical trial determined if treating trichiasis surgical patients with oral azithromycin compared to usual care (topical tetracycline) resulted in a reduction in severe recurrence of trichiasis to one year.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a rural, trachoma hyperendemic district in Ethiopia, 1452 trichiasis patients age 18 or older presenting for surgery were randomly allocated to azithromycin, single 1 gram dose, versus topical tetracycline twice per day for six weeks. The outcome was recurrent severe trichiasis, defined as lashes touching the cornea, or more than 5 lashes touching the globe, to one year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients randomized to receive azithromycin had significantly fewer severe recurrences, 4.2/100 person years overall, compared to those randomized to topical tetracycline, 7.9/100 person years (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single dose of azithromycin has been shown to reduce severe post-surgical trichiasis recurrence rates to one year and should become standard post surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Wondu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Alemayehu
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Munoz
authors.forename: Emily West
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Gower
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005140:Eyelashes / Q000187:drug effects*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006201:Hair Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D011182:Postoperative Care; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017963:Azithromycin; D013752:Tetracycline