title: Young children use their hands to tell their mothers what to say.
abstract: Children produce their first gestures before their first words, and their first gesture+word sentences before their first word+word sentences. These gestural accomplishments have been found not only to predate linguistic milestones, but also to predict them. Findings of this sort suggest that gesture itself might be playing a role in the language-learning process. But what role does it play? Children's gestures could elicit from their mothers the kinds of words and sentences that the children need to hear in order to take their next linguistic step. We examined maternal responses to the gestures and speech that 10 children produced during the one-word period. We found that all 10 mothers 'translated' their children's gestures into words, providing timely models for how one- and two-word ideas can be expressed in English. Gesture thus offers a mechanism by which children can point out their thoughts to mothers, who then calibrate their speech to those thoughts, and potentially facilitate language-learning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. sgm@uchicago.edu
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goldin-Meadow
authors.forename: Whitney
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Goodrich
authors.forename: Eve
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iverson
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D005868:Gestures; D006801:Humans; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers