title: Adult neurogenesis and specific replacement of interneuron subtypes in the mouse main olfactory bulb.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  New neurons are generated in the adult brain from stem cells found in the subventricular zone (SVZ). These cells proliferate in the SVZ, generating neuroblasts which then migrate to the main olfactory bulb (MOB), ending their migration in the glomerular layer (GLL) and the granule cell layer (GCL) of the MOB. Neuronal populations in these layers undergo turnover throughout life, but whether all neuronal subtypes found in these areas are replaced and when neurons begin to express subtype-specific markers is not known.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we use BrdU injections and immunohistochemistry against (calretinin, calbindin, N-copein, tyrosine hydroxylase and GABA) and show that adult-generated neurons express markers of all major subtypes of neurons in the GLL and GCL. Moreover, the fractions of new neurons that express subtype-specific markers at 40 and 75 days post BrdU injection are very similar to the fractions of all neurons expressing these markers. We also show that many neurons in the glomerular layer do not express NeuN, but are readily and specifically labeled by the fluorescent nissl stain Neurotrace.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression of neuronal subtype-specific markers by new neurons in the GLL and GCL changes rapidly during the period from 14-40 days after BrdU injection before reaching adult levels. This period may represent a critical window for cell fate specification similar to that observed for neuronal survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. bagleyjo@ninds.nih.gov
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bagley
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: LaRocca
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: Nathaniel N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Urban
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000032:analysis; D064032:Calbindin 2; D064026:Calbindins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D037282:Calreticulin / Q000032:analysis; D002465:Cell Movement; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007395:Interneurons / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000166:cytology*; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G / Q000032:analysis; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000032:analysis; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C576511:Calb2 protein, mouse; D064032:Calbindin 2; D064026:Calbindins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D037282:Calreticulin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C492380:NeuN protein, mouse; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine