title: Systemic inflammatory markers in older persons: the effect of oral nutritional supplementation with prebiotics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of oral nutritional supplementation with and without oligosaccharides on gut bacteriology, in particular the bifidogenic flora, and on immunology and inflammatory parameters in older persons at risk of malnutrition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Division of Geriatric Medicine, St. Louis University, Missouri, United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four community dwelling elderly and/or nursing home subjects (age superior 70 y; 84 +/- 7 years) either undernourished or at risk of undernutrition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Daily liquid supplements, with (1.3 g/250 ml) and without oligosaccharides (OS) for 12 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nutritional evaluation, serum immunoglobulins, lymphocyte subsets, various cytokines and the endotoxin soluble receptor CD14 (sCD14) in serum, and cytokines specific mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells at baseline and 12 weeks, and fecal bacteriologicy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Specific mRNA extracted from blood leucocytes showed a different level of pro-inflammatory gene activation: TNF-alpha mRNA and IL-6 mRNA diminished in the OS group after 12 weeks, while no changes were detected in the control group (P=0.05 and P=0.04 respectively). Serum levels of sCD14, a product shed by activated macrophages, decreased only in the OS group without reaching statistical significance (P=0.08). No significant differences were detected in the fecal gut flora or in the nutritional parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that the administration of supplements in older persons at risk of malnutrition may benefit from the addition of prebiotics that can improve the low noise inflammatory process frequently observed in this population.
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Nutrition, Nestec Ltd. Avenue Reller 22, CH-1800 Vevey, Switzerland. Eduardo.Schiffrin@nestle.com
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Schiffrin
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: V B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hager
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Van't Hof
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Morley
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guigoz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019936:Probiotics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009844:Oligosaccharides