title: Quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay for PCA3.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a quantitative, internally standardized real-time RT-PCR assay for prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3), a non-translated gene found to be prostate-specific and highly overexpressed in cancer, and examine the role of PCA3 in peripheral blood with a small sample cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  The RT-PCR assay for PCA3 is based on target-specific lanthanide probes. Peripheral blood from 91 prostatic cancer/disorder patients and healthy controls was assayed for PCA3 and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dynamic range of the assay reaches over eight orders of magnitude and the limit of quantification is 800 copies per milliliter blood. Peripheral blood from 2/9 patients with metastasized cancers were PCA3 positive, whereas all the other samples were negative. Eight samples were PSA positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The degree of PCA3 positivity in circulating cells from prostate cancer patients is low compared to that of PSA. In contrast to some previous reports, we found no PCA3 expression in healthy individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. riina-miinna.vaananen@utu.fi
authors.forename: Riina-Minna
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Väänänen
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rissanen
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kauko
authors.forename: Siina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Junnila
authors.forename: Ville
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Väisänen
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nurmi
authors.forename: Kalle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alanen
authors.forename: Martti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nurmi
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pettersson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D013048:Specimen Handling
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; C479341:prostate cancer antigen 3, human; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen