title: Systematic review of the fetal effects of prenatal binge-drinking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of binge-drinking during pregnancy on the fetus and child have been an increasing concern for clinicians and policy-makers. This study reviews the available evidence from human observational studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review of observational studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant women or women who are trying to become pregnant.
  
  
  METHODS
  A computerised search strategy was run in Medline, Embase, Cinahl and PsychInfo for the years 1970-2005. Titles and abstracts were read by two researchers for eligibility. Eligible papers were then obtained and read in full by two researchers to decide on inclusion. The papers were assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scales and data were extracted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adverse outcomes considered in this study included miscarriage; stillbirth; intrauterine growth restriction; prematurity; birth-weight; small for gestational age at birth; and birth defects, including fetal alcohol syndrome and neurodevelopmental effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search resulted in 3630 titles and abstracts, which were narrowed down to 14 relevant papers. There were no consistently significant effects of alcohol on any of the outcomes considered. There was a possible effect on neurodevelopment. Many of the reported studies had methodological weaknesses despite being assessed as having reasonable quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This systematic review found no convincing evidence of adverse effects of prenatal binge-drinking, except possibly on neurodevelopmental outcomes.
authors.affiliation: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Ulrik
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kesmodel
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gray
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D000431:Ethanol / Q000506:poisoning*; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009420:Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D047928:Premature Birth; D050497:Stillbirth
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol