title: Comparison of insertion characteristics of two types of hydroxyapatite-coated and uncoated positive profile transfixation pins in the third metacarpal bone of horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of 2 hydroxyapatite pin coatings on heat generated at the bone-pin interface and torque required for insertion of transfixation pins into cadaveric equine third metacarpal bone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Third metacarpal bone pairs from 27 cadavers of adult horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peak temperature of the bone at the cis-cortex and the hardware and pin at the trans-cortex was measured during insertion of a plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (PSHA)-coated, biomimetic hydroxyapatite (BMHA)-coated, or uncoated large animal transfixation pin. End-insertional torque was measured for each pin. The bone-pin interface was examined grossly and histologically for damage to the bone and coating.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BMHA-coated transfixation pins had similar insertion characteristics to uncoated pins. The PSHA-coated pins had greater mean peak bone temperature at the cis-cortex and greater peak temperature at the trans-cortex (70.9 +/- 6.4(o)C) than the uncoated pins (38.7 +/- 8.4(o)C). The PSHA-coated pins required more insertional torque (10,380 +/- 5,387.8 Nmm) than the BMHA-coated pins (5,123.3 +/- 2,296.9 Nmm). Four of the PSHA-coated pins became immovable after full insertion, and 1 gross fracture occurred during insertion of this type of pin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PSHA coating was not feasible for use without modification of presently available pin hardware. The BMHA-coated pins performed similarly to uncoated pins. Further testing is required in an in vivo model to determine the extent of osteointegration associated with the BMHA-coated pins in equine bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
authors.forename: Josh R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Zacharias
authors.forename: Timothy B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Lescun
authors.forename: George E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Van Sickle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001858:Bone Nails / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D016267:External Fixators / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D006736:Horses / Q000601:surgery*; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D050279:Metacarpal Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D006882:Hydroxyapatites