title: Influenza A virus in birds during spring migration in the Camargue, France.
abstract: Wild aquatic birds are considered to be the natural reservoir for influenza A viruses, and previous studies have focused mainly on species in the orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes. In this study, we surveyed a larger spectrum of potential hosts belonging to 10 avian orders. Cloacal swabs (n=1,044) from 72 free-living bird species, were analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for the presence of avian influenza virus. Only two Mediterranean Gulls (Larus melanocephalus) tested positive; one of these viruses was identified as an H9N2 subtype. The absence of infection among passerine birds supports the idea that the prevalence of avian influenza virus infection in terrestrial species is low.
authors.affiliation: Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France. lebarbenchon@tourduvalat.org
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lebarbenchon
authors.forename: Chung-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van der Werf
authors.forename: Jean-Thierry
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Aubin
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kayser
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ballesteros
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Renaud
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gauthier-Clerc
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000821:virology; D001717:Birds; D002988:Cloaca / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance / Q000662:veterinary; D013045:Species Specificity