title: Impact of ozone exposure on the phagocytic activity of human surfactant protein A (SP-A) and SP-A variants.
abstract: Surfactant protein A (SP-A) enhances phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. SP-A1 and SP-A2 encode human (h) SP-A; SP-A2 products enhance phagocytosis more than SP-A1. Oxidation can affect SP-A function. We hypothesized that in vivo and in vitro ozone-induced oxidation of SP-A (as assessed by its carbonylation level) negatively affects its function in phagocytosis (as assessed by bacteria cell association). To test this, we used P. aeruginosa, rat alveolar macrophages (AMs), hSP-As with varying levels of in vivo (natural) oxidation, and ozone-exposed SP-A2 (1A, 1A0) and SP-A1 (6A2, 6A4) variants. SP-A oxidation levels (carbonylation) were measured; AMs were incubated with bacteria in the presence of SP-A, and the phagocytic index was calculated. We found: 1) the phagocytic activity of hSP-A is reduced with increasing levels of in vivo SP-A carbonylation; 2) in vitro ozone exposure of hSP-A decreases its function in a dose-dependent manner as well as its ability to enhance phagocytosis of either gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria; 3) the activity of both SP-A1 and SP-A2 decreases in response to in vitro ozone exposure of proteins with SP-A2 being affected more than SP-A1. We conclude that both in vivo and in vitro oxidative modifications of SP-A by carbonylation reduce its ability to enhance phagocytosis of bacteria and that the activity of SP-A2 is affected more by in vitro ozone-induced oxidation. We speculate that functional differences between SP-A1 and SP-A2 exist in vivo and that the redox status of the lung microenvironment differentially affects function of SP-A1 and SP-A2.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State Univ. College of Medicine, 500 University Dr. Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
authors.forename: Anatoly N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Mikerov
authors.forename: Todd M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Umstead
authors.forename: Xiaozhuang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Weixiong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xiaoxuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Guirong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Phelps
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Floros
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010126:Ozone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa; D037662:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus
chemical_list: D037662:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A; D010126:Ozone