title: Functional health literacy and health-promoting behaviour in a national sample of British adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the prevalence of limited functional health literacy in the UK, and examine associations with health behaviours and self-rated health.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychometric testing using a British version of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) in a population sample of adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  UK-wide interview survey (excluding Northern Ireland and the Scottish Isles).
  
  
  METHODS
  759 adults (439 women, 320 men) aged 18-90 years (mean age _ 47.6 years) selected using random location sampling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Functional health literacy, self-rated health, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical exercise and smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that 11.4% of participants had either marginal or inadequate health literacy. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk of having limitations in health literacy increased with age (adjusted odds ratio 1.04; 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.06), being male (odds ratio _ 2.04; 95% confidence interval 1.16 to 3.55), low educational attainment (odds ratio _ 7.46; 95% confidence interval 3.35 to 16.58) and low income (odds ratio _ 5.94; 95% confidence interval 1.87 to 18.89). In a second multivariable logistic regression analysis, every point higher on the health literacy scale increased the likelihood of eating at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day (odds ratio _ 1.02; 95% confidence interval 1.003 to 1.03), being a non-smoker (odds ratio _ 1.02; 95% confidence interval 1.0003 to 1.03) and having good self-rated health (odds ratio _ 1.02; 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.04), independently of age, education, gender, ethnicity and income.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results encourage efforts to monitor health literacy in the British population and examine associations with engagement with preventative health behaviours.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Reseach UK Health Behaviour Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 2-16 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von Wagner
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steptoe
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wardle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004032:Diet; D004522:Educational Status; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011203:Poverty; D011594:Psychometrics; D012649:Self Concept; D012907:Smoking; D006113:United Kingdom