title: Unhappiness, health and cognitive ability in old age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To test whether scores on depression inventories on entry to a longitudinal study predict mental ability over the next 4-16 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Associations between scores on the Beck Depression Inventory and on tests of intelligence, vocabulary and memory were analysed in 5070 volunteers aged 49-93 years after differences in prescribed drug consumption, death and drop-out, sex, socio-economic advantage and recruitment cohort effects had also been considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On all cognitive tasks Beck scores on entry, even in the range 0-7 indicating differences in above average contentment, affected overall levels of cognitive performance but not rates of age-related cognitive decline suggesting effects of differences in life satisfaction rather than in depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A new finding is that, in old age, increments in life satisfaction are associated with better cognitive performance. Implications for interpreting associations between depression inventory scores and cognitive performance in elderly samples are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Expeimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. patrick.rabbitt@psy.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rabbitt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lunn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cobain
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McInnes
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003710:Demography; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006240:Happiness; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014825:Vocabulary