title: TLR- and NOD2-dependent regulation of human phagocyte-specific chitotriosidase.
abstract: Human chitotriosidase is specifically expressed by phagocytes, has anti-fungal activity towards chitin-containing fungi in vitro and in vivo, and is part of innate immunity. We studied the effect of toll-like receptor (TLR)- and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-2 triggering on chitotriosidase expression and release by phagocytes. We find that TLR, but not NOD2 activation, regulates chitotriosidase release by neutrophils. Furthermore, both TLR and NOD2 activation resulted in diminished induction by monocytes. Lastly, NOD2 activation, but not TLR stimulation, induces chitinase expression in macrophages. We conclude that phagocyte-specific regulation is important for efficient eradication of chitin-containing pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.c.vaneijk@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Eijk
authors.forename: Saskia S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Scheij
authors.forename: Cindy P A A
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: van Roomen
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Speijer
authors.forename: Rolf G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Boot
authors.forename: Johannes M F G
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Aerts
mesh_terms: D000119:Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006596:Hexosaminidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000494:pharmacology; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000201:enzymology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D000119:Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine; D006596:Hexosaminidases; C086400:chitotriosidase