title: C6 glioma cell insoluble matrix components enhance interferon-gamma-stimulated inducible nitric-oxide synthase/nitric oxide production in BV2 microglial cells.
abstract: Microglia are the primary central nervous system immune effector cells. Microglial activation is linked to interactions with extracellular cytokines and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Astrocytomas are characterized by their diffuse nature, which is regulated by insoluble ECM components produced by the tumor cells that are largely absent from normal central nervous system tissue. The present study examined the influence of astrocytoma (C6 rat glioma) insoluble matrix components on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-mediated inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) induction in microglial cells. We found that IFN-gamma-stimulated iNOS induction and nitric oxide release was greater in microglia cultured on C6 glioma cell-derived matrices compared with microglia cultured on primary rat astrocyte-derived matrices. Culture of microglia on C6 glioma cell-derived matrices also led to activation of STAT1, augmentation of IFN-gamma-induced STAT-3 activation, and an increase in IFN-gamma-activated site (GAS)-luciferase reporter activity. In addition, culture of microglia on C6 glioma cell-derived matrices activated NF-kappaB DNA binding activity and transcriptional activity. The results suggest that insoluble matrix components derived from malignant glioma cells can regulate microglia activation. These factors may include ECM components, such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, vitronectin, and other nondiffusible compounds, and laminin seems to a critical regulator of this process. Microglia activation and subsequent brain inflammation may influence tumor growth, treatment, and metastasis. Better understanding of the regulation of microglial activation by astrocytoma-derived insoluble matrix components may be important in the development of immune-based treatment strategies against malignant brain tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Inha University, College of Medicine, 253 Yonghyun-Dong, Nam-Ku, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon-Jung
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: So-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Ji-Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Jung-Weon
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eok-Soo
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Inn-Oc
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494080:Stat1 protein, mouse; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse