title: Pulmonary delivery of an inulin-stabilized influenza subunit vaccine prepared by spray-freeze drying induces systemic, mucosal humoral as well as cell-mediated immune responses in BALB/c mice.
abstract: In this study pulmonary vaccination with a new influenza subunit vaccine powder was evaluated. Vaccine powder was produced by spray-freeze drying (SFD) using the oligosaccharide inulin as stabilizer. Immune responses after pulmonary vaccination of BALB/c mice with vaccine powder were determined and compared to those induced by intramuscular and pulmonary vaccination with a conventional liquid subunit vaccine. All vaccinations were performed without adjuvant. Pulmonary vaccination with liquid subunit vaccine resulted in systemic humoral (IgG) immune responses similar to intramuscular immunization. In contrast, the vaccine powder delivered by the pulmonary route, induced not only systemic humoral (IgG) responses, but also cell-mediated (Il-4, IFN-gamma) and mucosal immune responses (IgA, IgG). This study demonstrates that the combination of pulmonary antigen delivery and antigen powder production by SFD improves the immunogenic potential of (influenza subunit) antigen. In conclusion, vaccination with a non-adjuvanted SFD subunit vaccine powder by inhalation might be feasible and could be an alternative to conventional parenteral vaccine administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands. J.Amorij@rug.nl
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Amorij
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Saluja
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: W L J
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Hinrichs
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huckriede
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Frijlink
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005612:Freeze Drying; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007444:Inulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D017817:Nasal Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D007444:Inulin