title: Identification and characterization of a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (NR1C2) antagonist.
abstract: The identification of small molecule ligands for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) has been instrumental in elucidating their biological roles. In particular, agonists have been the focus of much of the research in the field with relatively few antagonists being described and all of those being selective for PPARalpha or PPARgamma. The comparison of these agonist and antagonist ligands in cellular and animal systems has often led to surprising results and new insights into the biology of the PPARs. The PPARbeta/delta receptor is emerging as an important regulator of energy metabolism, inflammation, and cell growth and differentiation; however, only agonist ligands have been described for this receptor thus far. Here we describe the first report of a PPARbeta/delta small molecule antagonist ligand. This antagonist ligand will be a useful tool for elucidating the biological roles of PPARbeta/delta.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Barry G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Shearer
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Steger
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Way
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Lobe
authors.forename: Didier A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Grillot
authors.forename: Marie A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Iannone
authors.forename: Mitchell A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lazar
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Willson
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Billin
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D047494:PPAR delta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D048068:PPAR-beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013450:Sulfones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010636:Phenols; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D008024:Ligands; D047494:PPAR delta; D048068:PPAR-beta; D013450:Sulfones; D013844:Thiazoles; D013876:Thiophenes; C529769:GSK0660; C479979:(4-(((2-(3-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl)sulfanyl)-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid; D010636:Phenols; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds