title: Do working children have worse academic performance?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of child labor on school children's academic performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary school children engaged in child labor were compared with age, sex and school-matched controls for absence from school and scores obtained at sessional examination in English language, Mathematics, Sciences and Social studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in the mean rate of school absence (p = 0.80), mean aggregate examination scores (p = 0.1) and proportion of class repeaters (p = 0.16) among working school children and the controls. However, a significantly higher proportion of the controls had high (>75%) average examination scores compared with the working school children (p = 0.017). Similarly, the controls performed better than working school children in each of four core subjects but significant differences were observed only in Social Studies and Science (p = 0.006 and 0.001 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is some undermining of academic performance among children who combine schooling with child labor despite comparable school absence with the controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, Nigeria. bolanlefetuga2000@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Fetuga
authors.forename: O F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Njokanma
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ogunlesi
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria; D014477:Underachievement