title: NT-proBNP and the anti-inflammatory cytokines are correlated with endothelial progenitor cells' response to cardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We used cardiac surgery as a model of acute inflammatory response to evaluate the role of the inflammatory mediators in influencing the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 38 coronary artery by-pass grafting (CABG) [28M/10F] and in 54 valvular [28M/26F] patients the numbers of EPCs and the serum levels of IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and NT-proBNP were determined before (T1), 72h (T2), and 10 days after cardiac intervention (T3). Peripheral blood EPCs were measured by flow cytometric analysis and were defined as CD34+KDR+, CD133+KDR+ and CD34+CD133+KDR+.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrate that the cardiac surgery reduces, 72h after intervention, the number of all the three types of EPCs with a contemporary marked increase of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and NT-proBNP levels. At baseline, EPC number was inversely related with age. At multiple linear regression analysis, after adjusting for age, cardiovascular risk factors and medications, age and IL-8 serum levels were significantly related to EPC number. At T2, an inverse relationship between NT-proBNP and the number of EPCs was found in the whole study population. At T3, 10 days after the intervention, at multivariate linear regression analysis, IL-10 and IL-1ra serum levels were significantly and positively associated with EPC number.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides new insights into the relationship between inflammatory activation and mobilisation of EPCs in patients underwent cardiac surgery, by showing that NT-ProBNP and cytochemokines mediate the EPC changes in acute and post-acute response to the inflammatory stimulus of intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Critical Care, Thrombosis Centre, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Viale Morgagni 85, 50134 Florence, Italy. francesca.cesari@gmail.com
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cesari
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caporale
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marcucci
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caciolli
authors.forename: Pier Luigi
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Stefano
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capalbo
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Macchi
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vannucci
authors.forename: Gian Franco
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Gensini
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abbate
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gori
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000276:immunology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002097:C-Reactive Protein