title: The evidence for using conjugate vaccines to protect HIV-infected children against pneumococcal disease.
abstract: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are a potentially useful complement to existing treatment strategies in HIV-infected children, for whom pneumococcal infections are common and serious. This Review summarises available data on the burden of pneumococcal disease and the safety and efficacy of PCVs in HIV-infected children. The data demonstrate that children with HIV have significantly increased risk of pneumococcal disease compared with uninfected children; the serotypes included in currently licensed or near-licensure conjugate vaccines include most serotypes that cause invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in HIV-infected children and adults; PCVs provide substantial protection against IPD and clinical pneumonia when given to HIV-infected infants; and HIV-infected adults gain an indirect benefit when children in the community are vaccinated. PCV should be considered as an important intervention for improving the lives of HIV-infected children.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. sandrajbliss@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sandra J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bliss
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Edward N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Janoff
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cotton
authors.forename: Philippa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Musoke
authors.forename: Hoosen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Coovadia
authors.forename: Orin S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D006678:HIV; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology*; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate