title: Quality of sleep and psychosocial factors for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sleep disorders are common in end-stage renal disease patients. This study examined the relationship between self-reported quality of sleep (QoS) and certain psychosocial domains for patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study subjects included 190 PD patients from 7 urban dialysis clinics in Northern Taiwan, from whom we obtained biochemical parameters and demographic data. QoS, quality of life (QoL), religious/spiritual activity, and depression were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36) for QoL, the Royal Free Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average PSQI score was 9.1 +/- 4.1 and, in total, 85.8% of all patients were poor sleepers (global PSQI > or =5). There was no difference in age, gender, and mode or duration of PD between good and poor sleepers. Biochemical data did not differ between the two groups. Widowed patients experienced significantly poorer QoS than patients with other marital status (PSQI scores: 12.3 +/- 4.9 vs 8.88 +/- 4.0, p = 0.006). The percentage of patients that held a bachelor's degree or above was significantly higher in good sleepers (55.6% vs 29.4%, p = 0.008). The PSQI value correlated negatively with the QoL scale in both physical (r = -0.295, p < 0.001) and mental domains (r = -0.410, p < 0.001), and correlated positively with the depression scale (r = 0.351, p < 0.001). There appeared to be no association between QoS and spiritual/religious activity (r = -0.097, p = 0.223).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychosocial factors including depression, patients' perceptions regarding QoL, marital status, and educational background correlated significantly to the subjective QoS for PD patients. When dealing with sleep disorders in PD patients, physicians should pay considerable attention to their psychosocial backgrounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ju-Yeh
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jenq-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yu-Sen
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Shou-Shang
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Chwei-Shiun
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chin-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Huey-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ming-Shiou
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Kwan-Dun
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Tun-Jun
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Wan-Yu
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires