title: Diversity of supernumerary tooth formation in siblings with cleidocranial dysplasia having identical mutation in RUNX2 : possible involvement of non-genetic or epigenetic regulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD, MIM #119600) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by hypoplasia or aplasia of clavicles, patent fontanelles and short stature. The responsible gene has been identified as RUNX2. CCD is also accompanied by characteristic dental abnormalities, e.g. supernumerary teeth, delayed eruption and impaction of permanent teeth. Intrafamilial variations of skeletal abnormalities are reported but those of dental abnormalities are obscure. To clarify this point, a precise examination of the dental features of CCD siblings having identical mutation was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gene mutational analysis of three Japanese CCD siblings and their father was performed. Skeletal and dental characteristics were examined by the inquiry and radiographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three siblings uniformly showed patent fontanelles and short stature. They and their father had a novel missense mutation in the RUNT-domain (P210S) of RUNX2. The siblings were completely discordant for the dental characteristics with the position and number of supernumerary teeth being completely different. The youngest, a 12-year-old boy, had six supernumerary teeth, which appeared symmetrically around the maxillary canines and mandibular premolars. The second, a 15-year-old girl, had four supernumerary teeth which appeared around the mandibular incisors. The oldest, a 17-year-old boy, had 11 supernumerary teeth, which were symmetrically around the mandibular lateral dentition and asymmetrically around the maxillary incisors and premolars.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests the involvement of non-genetic or epigenetic regulation in supernumerary tooth formation in CCD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Function, Division of Maxillofacial/Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. n-suda.mort@tmd.ac.jp
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torii
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kosaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moriyama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D002648:Child; D002973:Cleidocranial Dysplasia / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D010375:Pedigree; D017354:Point Mutation; D035781:Siblings; D014096:Tooth, Supernumerary / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; C493709:RUNX2 protein, human