title: Environmental hazard screening of a metal-polluted site using pressurized liquid extraction and two in vitro bioassays.
abstract: Rapid screening methods can improve the cost effectiveness, throughput, and quality of risk assessments of contaminated sites. In the present case study, the objective was to evaluate a combination of pressurized liquid extraction and 2 in vitro bioassays for the hazard assessment of surface soil sampled from 46 points across a pyrotechnical industrial site. Pressurized liquid extraction was used to rapidly produce soil-water extracts compatible with 2 high-capacity bioassays. Hazard assessment using combined toxicological and chemical screening revealed zones with relatively high potential risks of metal pollution. Multivariate data analysis provided indications that significant inhibition in the bioassays was correlated with levels of metals in the extracts, suggesting an elevated toxic potential from certain metals. Low pH and high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon were associated with increased cytotoxicity of extracts, indicating that these factors influence metal bioavailability. The cytotoxicity observed was more strongly correlated to metal concentrations in the extracts than in the soil, suggesting that measurements of total metal concentrations in soils do not provide good indications of the soil's potential toxicity.
authors.affiliation: CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Denfence Research Agency (FOI), Umeå. daniel.ragnvaldsson@foi.se
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ragnvaldsson
authors.forename: Rune
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berglind
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tysklind
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leffler
mesh_terms: D048908:Aliivibrio fischeri / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D001681:Biological Assay; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D001151:Arsenic