Emergency department evaluation and management of peripartum cardiomyopathy.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) affects 1000-1300 women in the United States each year. We present three cases of PPCM seen in our Emergency Department (ED) that cover the entire spectrum of disease from mild heart failure to sudden cardiac death. Without previous heart disease, these women develop cardiomyopathy with impairment of left ventricular function in the last month of pregnancy, or during the first 5 months postpartum. The etiology of PPCM is not clear, although various mechanisms have been proposed, including infection, autoimmune response, prolonged tocolysis during labor, and maladaptive responses to the hemodynamic changes of pregnancy. The initial presentation of these patients is frequently to the ED. The differential diagnosis and key characteristics of PPCM are discussed. ED management should focus on three elements: reduction in pre-load, reduction in afterload, and increase in inotropy. Key differences between the antepartum and postpartum states are highlighted.
Egan
Daniel J
DJ
Harvard Affiliated Emergency Medicine Residency, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Bisanzo
Mark C
MC
Hutson
H Range
HR
D000328:Adult; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004418:Dyspnea, Paroxysmal / Q000209:etiology; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005665:Furosemide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D004232:Diuretics; D005665:Furosemide