title: Role of nucleosomal occupancy in the epigenetic silencing of the MLH1 CpG island.
abstract: Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes is generally thought to involve DNA cytosine methylation, covalent modifications of histones, and chromatin compaction. Here, we show that silencing of the three transcription start sites in the bidirectional MLH1 promoter CpG island in cancer cells involves distinct changes in nucleosomal occupancy. Three nucleosomes, almost completely absent from the start sites in normal cells, are present on the methylated and silenced promoter, suggesting that epigenetic silencing may be accomplished by the stable placement of nucleosomes into previously vacant positions. Activation of the promoter by demethylation with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine involves nucleosome eviction. Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes may involve heritable changes in nucleosome occupancy enabled by cytosine methylation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Joy C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shinwu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Gangning
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Daiya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.forename: Merhnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fatemi
authors.forename: Yvonne C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Gerda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Egger
authors.forename: Einav Nili
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Gal-Yam
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D018899:CpG Islands; D003596:Cytosine / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002843:Chromatin; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009707:Nucleosomes; D003596:Cytosine; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1