Post-translational modifications of nucleosomal histones in oligodendrocyte lineage cells in development and disease.
The role of epigenetics in modulating gene expression in the development of organs and tissues and in disease states is becoming increasingly evident. Epigenetics refers to the several mechanisms modulating inheritable changes in gene expression that are independent of modifications of the primary DNA sequence and include post-translational modifications of nucleosomal histones, changes in DNA methylation, and the role of microRNA. This review focuses on the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in oligodendroglial lineage cells. The biological effects that post-translational modifications of critical residues in the N-terminal tails of nucleosomal histones have on oligodendroglial cells are reviewed, and the implications for disease and repair are critically discussed.
Shen
Siming
S
Department Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, R-304 Research Tower 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Casaccia-Bonnefil
Patrizia
P
D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D019070:Cell Lineage; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000502:physiology; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational
D006657:Histones; D009707:Nucleosomes; D001120:Arginine; D006655:Histone Deacetylases; D008239:Lysine