title: Decursin and decursinol angelate inhibit estrogen-stimulated and estrogen-independent growth and survival of breast cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated signaling are crucial for the etiology and progression of human breast cancer. Attenuating ER activities by natural products is a promising strategy to decrease breast cancer risk. We recently discovered that the pyranocoumarin compound decursin and its isomer decursinol angelate (DA) have potent novel antiandrogen receptor signaling activities. Because the ER and the androgen receptor belong to the steroid receptor superfamily, we examined whether these compounds affected ER expression and signaling in breast cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated estrogen-dependent MCF-7 and estrogen-independent MDA MB-231 human breast cancer cells with decursin and DA, and examined cell growth, apoptosis, and ERalpha and ERbeta expression in both cell lines - and, in particular, estrogen-stimulated signaling in the MCF-7 cells. We compared these compounds with decursinol to determine their structure-activity relationship.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Decursin and DA exerted growth inhibitory effects on MCF-7 cells through G1 arrest and caspase-mediated apoptosis. These compounds decreased ERalpha in MCF-7 cells at both mRNA and protein levels, and suppressed estrogen-stimulated genes. Decursin and the pure antiestrogen Faslodex exerted an additive growth inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cells. In MDA MB-231 cells, these compounds induced cell-cycle arrests in the G1 and G2 phases as well as inducing apoptosis, accompanied by an increased expression of ERbeta. In contrast, decursinol, which lacks the side chain of decursin and DA, did not have these cellular and molecular activities at comparable concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The side chain of decursin and DA is crucial for their anti-ER signaling and breast cancer growth inhibitory activities. These data provide mechanistic rationales for validating the chemopreventive and therapeutic efficacy of decursin and its derivatives in preclinical animal models of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Junming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bingxiu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Hyo-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eun-Ok
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Junxuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000187:drug effects; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000187:drug effects; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000187:drug effects; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001578:Benzopyrans; D002087:Butyrates; C436291:CDKN1B protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D004967:Estrogens; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D019938:Cyclin D1; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; C101278:decursin; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020169:Caspases