title: Facilitation or inhibition of the oestradiol-induced gonadotrophin surge in the immature female rat by progesterone: effects on pituitary responsiveness to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), GnRH self-priming and pituitary mRNAs for the progesterone receptor A and B isoforms.
abstract: Progesterone can either facilitate or inhibit the oestradiol (E(2))-induced gonadotrophin surge. We have previously developed immature female rat models to characterise and investigate the mechanisms of progesterone inhibition or facilitation. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of pituitary responsiveness to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and GnRH self-priming under conditions of progesterone-facilitation and progesterone-inhibition, and whether the underlying mechanisms reflect changes in mRNAs encoding the A and B isoforms of the progesterone receptor (PR) in the pituitary gland. Pituitary responsiveness to GnRH, determined by measuring the luteinising hormone (LH) response to one i.v. injection of GnRH, was decreased by 60-80% (P < 0.001) in the progesterone-inhibition model. GnRH self-priming, estimated as the increment in the LH response to the second of two injections of GnRH separated by 60 min, was also significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in this model. In the progesterone-facilitation model, the LH response to GnRH injection was increased 2.5-3-fold (P < 0.05), an effect suppressed by the progesterone receptor antagonist, mifepristone. Progesterone-facilitation of LH release and increased pituitary responsiveness to GnRH were blocked by sheep anti-GnRH serum injected i.v. immediately after insertion of progesterone implants. The PR-B mRNA isoform, measured by solution hybridisation/RNase protection assay, was the predominant form in the pituitary of the immature female rat. PR-B was increased by E(2) and decreased by progesterone in both models. Thus, in immature female rats, progesterone-inhibition of the E(2)-induced LH surge is due to significant reduction in pituitary responsiveness to GnRH as well as in the magnitude of GnRH self-priming. Progesterone-facilitation of the E(2)-induced LH surge is due to increased pituitary responsiveness to GnRH, which is mediated by PR, and depends on endogenous GnRH release. The differences between progesterone-facilitation and progesterone-inhibition are not due to differences in regulation of pituitary PR-B mRNA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. bjattardi@bioqual.com
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Attardi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pfaff
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fink
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D015735:Mifepristone / Q000494:pharmacology; D023282:Nuclease Protection Assays; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D006062:Gonadotropins; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C101118:progesterone receptor A; C097314:progesterone receptor B; D015735:Mifepristone; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone