title: Skin involvement in highly malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas of childhood and adolescence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to demonstrate the clinical spectrum of highly malignant cutaneous non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in children and to define the outcome among these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of children with NHL treated at Polish oncology centers was carried out in order to determine patients with skin involvement. Thirteen subjects with primary and 4 with secondary cutaneous NHL were studied. The diagnosis of NHL was based on histological and immunohistochemical examination of skin biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine of 13 cases of primary cutaneous NHL presented as a tumors. Other manifestations were as follows: hard infiltration, edema of subcutaneous tissue, maculopapular lesions, and generalized erythroderma. The mean time between the first cutaneous symptoms and diagnosis of NHL was 5.6 +/- 3.3 months. Secondary cutaneous lesions during the course of NHL were described as maculopapular or nodular eruption. In addition, 2 subjects had generalized ichthyosis. Among patients with primary cutaneous NHL, 11 (84.6%) subjects are still alive without any signs of the disease. Two children (15.4%) died. In patients with secondary skin involvement during the course of NHL only one child is still alive with a residual tumor mass in the mediastinum. The estimated 5-year overall survival for primary cutaneous NHL was significantly better than for individuals with secondary cutaneous NHL (p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary cutaneous NHL has a relatively favorable prognosis. On the other hand, cutaneous metastases of extracutaneous NHL seem to be a poor prognostic factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Wroclaw University of Medicine, Ul. Chalubinskiego 1, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland. adi_medicalis@go2.pl
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reich
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wróbel
authors.forename: Bernarda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kazanowska
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maldyk
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bubala
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dluzniewska
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stefaniak
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stefanska
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stolarska
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003873:Dermatitis, Exfoliative / Q000209:etiology; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007057:Ichthyosis / Q000209:etiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD