title: Oral health and pro-inflammatory status in end-stage renal disease patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the oro-facial health of patients with end stage renal disease, focusing on their periodontal conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 51 patients (33 men) between the ages of 22 and 81 years with different types of chronic kidney disease that needed renal dialysis, underwent a full dental examination including a panoramic radiograph. A blood sample was collected from the subjects to investigate the levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A large proportion of patients had oral health problems. A total of 35% claimed that they suffered problems of the oral cavity and 51% had periapical osteitis around one or more teeth. A high number of patients also suffered from gingivitis (46%), severe periodontitis (35%) and 37% had cavities due to caries. On average the patients had 22.9 (SD 7.3) teeth and 14% had complete or partial dentures. Although periodontitis influenced the C-reactive protein level and oral pathology was significant within this specific population, the correlation between inflammatory biomarkers and dental parameters was weak.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that a substantial number of patients who suffer from advanced chronic kidney disease, close to the start of dialysis treatment, have dental problems that require attention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. Kare.Buhlin@ofa.ki.se
authors.forename: Kåre
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buhlin
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bárány
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Heimbürger
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stenvinkel
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009066:Mouth, Edentulous / Q000150:complications; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000150:complications; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002097:C-Reactive Protein