title: Immediate Foley removal after laparoscopic and vaginal hysterectomy: determinants of postoperative urinary retention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate the incidence of postoperative voiding dysfunction in patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy (VH) or total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) and to identify risk factors for the development of postoperative urinary retention after uncomplicated total hysterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Gynecology department of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred thirty-three consecutive women undergoing TLH or VH for benign gynecologic disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A regimen of immediate catheter removal after the operation was instituted. A strict voiding trial protocol was used during the study period. Postoperative voiding dysfunction was defined as failure of first voiding trial after surgery (urinary retention) or postvoid residual volume of greater than 150 mL necessitating recatheterization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 49 women (21%) developed postoperative voiding dysfunction, of which 32 (13.7%) had complete urinary retention and 17 (7.3%) had a postvoid residual volume greater than 150 mL. None of these patients experienced voiding dysfunction beyond 48 hours. There was no statistical correlation between development of postoperative voiding dysfunction and demographic, historic, preoperative, and postoperative variables collected. The only factor with significant impact on postoperative voiding dysfunction was vaginal approach to hysterectomy (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.5-5.4). Hospital stay was significantly longer for women experiencing voiding difficulties than for those who voided efficiently (2.2 +/- 0.8 [95% CI 1.5-1.9] vs 1.7 +/- 1.2 [95% CI 1.9-2.4] days; p <.0001). Voiding dysfunction was an independent predictor of postoperative urinary tract infection (OR 4.9; 95% CI 1.6-15.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients undergoing VH are more likely to develop postoperative voiding dysfunction than those who undergo TLH, when a policy of immediate catheter removal after surgery is used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Insubria, Del Ponte Hospital, Varese, Italy. fabio.ghezzi@uninsubria.it
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghezzi
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cromi
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uccella
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salvatore
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomera
authors.forename: Pierfrancesco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bolis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007045:Hysterectomy, Vaginal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016055:Urinary Retention