Cocaine and metabolites urinary excretion after controlled smoked administration.
Understanding cocaine and metabolites urinary excretion following smoking is important for interpretation of urine test results in judicial, workplace and treatment settings. In National Institute on Drug Abuse approved studies on a secure research unit, six subjects smoked placebo, 10, 20, and 40 mg cocaine with a precise dose delivery device and six different subjects smoked 42 mg cocaine in a glass pipe. Urine specimens (n = 700) were collected for up to seven days and analyzed for cocaine (COC), benzoylecgonine (BE), ecgonine methylester (EME), m-hydroxybenzoylecgonine (mOHBE), p-hydroxybenzoylecgonine (pOHBE), norbenzoylecgonine (NBE), and ecgonine (EC) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results (mean +/- SE) for the 40-mg precise delivery doses are as follows: (Table can not be represented) Mean C(max) for all analytes linearly increased with increasing dose. T(max) was not dose-dependent. All metabolites were detected in some subjects within 2 h. EC concentrations were significantly higher after smoked cocaine in a precise delivery coil compared to a glass "crack" pipe.
Huestis
Marilyn A
MA
Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. mhuestis@intra.nida.nih.gov
Darwin
W David
WD
Shimomura
Eric
E
Lalani
Shairose A
SA
Trinidad
Daniel V
DV
Jenkins
Amanda J
AJ
Cone
Edward J
EJ
Jacobs
Aaron J
AJ
Smith
Michael L
ML
Paul
Buddha D
BD
D000328:Adult; D016578:Crack Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*
D016578:Crack Cocaine