title: Retention and distribution of polyphenols after pan-frying of French fries in oils enriched with olive leaf extract.
abstract: Palm oil, olive oil, and sunflower oil were supplemented with an extract rich in polyphenols obtained from olive tree (Olea europaea) leaves at levels of 120 and 240 mg total polyphenols per kilogram of oil. Pan-frying of potatoes was performed in both the enriched and the nonsupplemented oils under domestic frying conditions. Total polyphenol content was estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteau assay, oleuropein was determined by HPLC analysis, while other individual polyphenols by GC/MS analysis. Fourteen polyphenol species were identified in the olive leaf extract, among which oleuropein predominated (1.25 g/kg olive leaves). All the enriched oils contained oleuropein before and after frying. Oleuropein as well as other polyphenol species were detected in all French fries cooked in enriched oils. Polyphenol intake by consuming French fries pan-fried in the enriched oils was calculated to be 6 to 31 times higher than that in the case of French fries fried in commercial oils, being dependent on the frying oil type.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry of Foods, Dept. of Science of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio Univ., 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 71 Kallithea, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: F N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Salta
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kalogeropoulos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mylona
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ntalla
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Andrikopoulos
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005527:Food, Fortified; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D039823:Iridoids; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry; D000069463:Olive Oil; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols; D011714:Pyrans / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000737:chemistry*; D000074242:Sunflower Oil
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D039823:Iridoids; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils; D059808:Polyphenols; D011714:Pyrans; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; C002769:oleuropein; D000073878:Palm Oil