title: Utility of the lymphocyte transformation test in the diagnosis of drug sensitivity: dependence on its timing and the type of drug eruption.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) is a safety and reproducible test to assess activation of drug-specific T cells in vitro; however, there are several practical concerns such as the time of testing and the influence of treatment. Our aim was to define the right timing to perform LTT for determining the causative agent in various types of drug reactions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lymphocyte transformation test was performed at different time points during the evolution of three types of drug reactions, maculo-papular type of drug eruptions (MP), Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN), and drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug rash and eosinophilia with systemic symptoms (DIHS/DRESS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive LTT reactions were obtained when the test was performed at the acute stage but not the recovery stage in MP and SJS/TEN, while positive LTT reactions were obtained at the recovery stage but not the acute stage in DIHS/DRESS, regardless of treatment with systemic prednisolone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lymphocyte transformation test is a reliable method to define the causative agent, when LTT is performed at the right timing depending on the type of drug reactions. Lymphocyte transformation test should be performed within 1 week after the onset of skin rashes in patients with MP and SJS/TEN; and 5-8 weeks after in patients with DIHS/DRESS, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirahara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mitsuyama
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiohara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004802:Eosinophilia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013262:Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors