title: Transfusion-transmitted virus DNA in serum, tear and aqueous humour of patients undergoing cataract operation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transfusion-transmitted virus (TTV) is a novel non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA virus with unclear pathogenesis throughout the world. Many studies were conducted to determine this virus in various body fluids and different primer sets have been tested for accurate diagnosis. This study aimed to collect data on the prevalence of TTV in serum, tear and aqueous humour of patients undergoing planned cataract surgery and to determine efficacy of three different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 72 specimens (24 each of serum, tear and aqueous humour specimens) were collected from 24 patients (11 male and 13 female) having age-related cataract. The patients did not have any other ocular pathology. TTV DNA was investigated by three different PCR methods: a seminested PCR performed with Okamato's primers, a one-step PCR performed with degenerative Takashi's primers and a commercial real-time PCR system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TTV DNA was detected in 20 (83.3%) of the 24 serum specimens by the one-step PCR and real-time PCR system. However, seminested PCR yielded a positivity rate of 25%. TTV DNA positivities of the one-step PCR and the real-time PCR system were 33.3% and 66.6% of the 24 tear specimens, respectively. Seminested PCR did not yield positive result in these specimens. From aqueous humour specimens, TTV DNA was detected in 3 (12.5%) of the 24 specimens only by the real-time PCR. TTV DNA positivity of seminested PCR was significantly low in all specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TTV DNA was detected in serum, tear and aqueous humour of patients undergoing cataract surgery, supporting the idea that this virus can be detected almost all of the body fluids but at different rates under various PCR conditions and primer sets. Using commercial real-time PCR significantly increased the TTV DNA positivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey. semre@inonu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emre
authors.forename: Baris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Otlu
authors.forename: Cem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cankaya
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doganay
authors.forename: Riza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Durmaz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000821:virology*; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D013666:Tears / Q000821:virology*; D022783:Torque teno virus / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral