title: "You're not a victim of domestic violence, are you?" Provider patient communication about domestic violence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Women who are victims of domestic violence frequently seek care in an emergency department. However, it is challenging to hold sensitive conversations in this environment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe communication about domestic violence between emergency providers and female patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of audiotapes made during a randomized, controlled trial of computerized screening for domestic violence.
  
  
  METHODS
  2 socioeconomically diverse emergency departments: one urban and academic, the other suburban and community-based.
  
  
  METHODS
  1281 English-speaking women age 16 to 69 years and 80 providers (30 attending physicians, 46 residents, and 4 nurse practitioners).
  
  
  RESULTS
  871 audiotapes, including 293 that included provider screening for domestic violence, were analyzed. Providers typically asked about domestic violence in a perfunctory manner during the social history. Provider communication behaviors associated with women disclosing abuse included probing (defined as asking > or =1 additional topically related question), providing open-ended opportunities to talk, and being generally responsive to patient clues (any mention of a psychosocial issue). Chart documentation of domestic violence was present in one third of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonverbal communication was not examined. Providers were aware that they were being audiotaped and may have tried to perform their best.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although hectic clinical environments present many obstacles to meaningful discussions about domestic violence, several provider communication behaviors seemed to facilitate patient disclosure of experiences with abuse. Illustrative examples highlight common pitfalls and exemplary practices in screening for abuse and response to disclosures of abuse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. kvr@sp2.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Karin V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Frankel
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Levinthal
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Prenoveau
authors.forename: Jeannine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Levinson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018585:Battered Women; D003142:Communication; D017579:Domestic Violence; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008487:Medical History Taking / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D013637:Tape Recording; D014342:Truth Disclosure; D014481:United States