Ultrasound-guided percutaneous ablation for the treatment of perforating vein incompetence.
Recent advances in catheter-based endovenous interventions have broadened our understanding in the pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies of chronic venous insufficiency, a condition that can be caused by abnormality of various lower extremity venous structures, including superficial or deep vein reflux or incompetent perforating veins. This article reviews the history and therapeutic principles of percutaneous ablation of perforators (PAPs). Discussions related to treatment strategies and procedural techniques of PAPs using radiofrequency ablation, laser energy, and sclerosant injection are provided. Current clinical results of PAPs with radiofrequency and laser energy ablation as a treatment modality of chronic venous insufficiency are also discussed.
Elias
Steve
S
Division of Vascular Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Veininnovations@aol.com
Peden
Eric
E
D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000379:methods; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*