title: Silicone gel implants in breast augmentation and reconstruction.
abstract: Silicone gel implants have been widely used for breast augmentation and reconstruction since the 1960s. Several alterations to both elastomer shell and filler gel have been made over the years to improve their ability to replicate the natural breast and to decrease the incidence of capsular contracture. The latter is a pathologic process involving the periprosthetic tissues formed in response to the presence of the implant. When severe, capsular contracture may cause firmness, distortion, and pain. In response to many claims of implant-related connective tissue disease, the US Food and Drug Administration placed a moratorium in 1992 on silicone gel breast implants for cosmetic purposes. Despite a preponderance of scientific data to their safety, silicone gel implants are presently available in the United States only as part of limited clinical trials. They continue to be used in Europe and other parts of the world.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Box 800376, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. tjg6f@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Gampper
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.forename: Raymond F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D019928:Breast Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D018427:Breast Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D020034:Silicone Gels / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012828:Silicones / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020034:Silicone Gels; D012828:Silicones