title: Senescence can explain microbial persistence.
abstract: It has been known for many years that small fractions of persister cells resist killing in many bacterial colony-antimicrobial confrontations. These persisters are not believed to be mutants. Rather it has been hypothesized that they are phenotypic variants. Current models allow cells to switch in and out of the persister phenotype. Here, a different explanation is suggested for persistence, namely senescence. Using a mathematical model including age structure, it is shown that senescence provides a natural explanation for persistence-related phenomena, including the observations that the persister fraction depends on growth phase in batch culture and dilution rate in continuous culture.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.|Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Klapper
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75205, USA.
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Ayati
authors.affiliation: Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.|Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dockery
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.|Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D002455:Cell Division; D003470:Culture Media; D008954:Models, Biological; D010641:Phenotype; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003470:Culture Media