title: The safety of silicone gel-filled breast implants: a review of the epidemiologic evidence.
abstract: Few implantable medical devices have been studied for their safety more extensively than silicone gel-filled breast implants. We summarize the epidemiologic evidence on the safety of breast implants, most of which is drawn from large cohort studies with long-term follow-up. The topics addressed in this report include cancer, breast cancer detection, connective tissue disease, suicide, offspring effects, neurologic disease, implant rupture, and local perioperative complications and additional surgery. We conclude that the weight of the epidemiologic evidence does not support a causal association between breast implants and breast or any other type of cancer, definite or atypical connective tissue disease, adverse offspring effects, or neurologic disease. Women with breast implants do not present with more advanced stages of breast cancer or suffer impaired survival after breast cancer diagnosis. The only study to examine an actual incidence rate of breast implant rupture reported rupture-free survival of 98% at 5 years and 83%-85% at 10 years for newer "third-generation" implants. Future studies are needed to determine whether the consistently observed excess of suicide among women with implants reflects underlying psychiatric illness prior to breast augmentation surgery or other factors.
authors.affiliation: International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. jkm@iei.ws
authors.forename: Joseph K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Loren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lipworth
authors.forename: Diane K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Patricia S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D019928:Breast Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018427:Breast Implants; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012307:Risk Factors; D012449:Safety; D020034:Silicone Gels / Q000737:chemistry*; D012828:Silicones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013405:Suicide; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020034:Silicone Gels; D012828:Silicones