title: Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hypergastrinemia.
abstract: The most frequent conditions of hypergastrinemia in man are the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with autonomous gastrin hypersecretion by the tumour cell and reactive hypergastrinemia in type A autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis with achlorhydria causing unrestrained gastrin release from the gastrin-producing antral G-cells. Both entities differ with respect to the pH in the gastric fluid, which is < 2 in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and neutral in type A gastritis. Other conditions with moderate hypergastrinemia as treatment with proton pump inhibitors, gastric outlet obstruction, previous vagotomy, chronic renal failure or short bowel syndrome are of minor clinical importance.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Innere Medizin, Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie und Endokrinologie, Klinikum Giessen-Marburg, Standort Marburg, Philipps Universität, Marburg, Germany. arnoldr@mailer.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arnold
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004379:Duodenal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D019861:Enterochromaffin-like Cells / Q000473:pathology; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D015408:Gastrinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005755:Gastrins / Q000097:blood*; D005757:Gastritis, Atrophic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D015043:Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D005755:Gastrins