title: The use of amorphous calcium phosphate composites as bioactive basing materials: their effect on the strength of the composite/adhesive/dentin bond.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) composites release calcium and phosphate ions in aqueous environments, which may lead to deposition of apatitic mineral in tooth structure. The authors evaluate the strength of the composite/adhesive/dentin bond shear bond strength (SBS) for ACP basing-composites after various periods of water aging.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors made the experimental composites by using two resin matrices with various ACPs or a commercial strontium ion-leachable glass. They applied successive coats of a dentin adhesive and basing composite to an acid-etched dentin surface and photopolymerized them. They added a commercial resin-based composite and light cured it. They determined the specimens' SBS after they were aged in water for various periods at 37 degrees C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SBS of the ACP composites was 18.3 +/- 3.5 megapascals, independent of filler type, resin composition and water-aging interval. After 24 hours of water aging, 92.6 percent of surfaces showed the adhesive failure. After two weeks of water aging, adhesive/cohesive failures were predominant in unmilled and milled ACP composites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SBS of ACP composites appears to be unaffected by filler type or immersion time for up to six months. The type of adhesive failure occurring with prolonged aqueous exposure is affected by filler type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These materials may be effective remineralizing/antidemineralizing agents and may be clinically applicable as adhesives, protective liners and bases, orthodontic cements and pit-and-fissure sealants.
authors.affiliation: Paffenbarger Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
authors.forename: Gary E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Antonucci
authors.forename: Justin N R
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Drago
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Skrtic
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003736:Dental Cavity Lining; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D008963:Molar; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019279:Resin Cements; C519480:amorphous calcium phosphate; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide