title: Immunization of macaques with formalin-inactivated human metapneumovirus induces hypersensitivity to hMPV infection.
abstract: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, is an important cause of acute respiratory tract disease. In the 1960s, vaccination with formalin-inactivated paramyxovirus preparations--respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and measles virus (MV)--resulted in predisposition for enhanced disease upon natural infection. We have produced a formalin-inactivated hMPV preparation (FI-hMPV), which was used to immunize young cynomolgus macaques. Six days after challenge FI-hMPV-primed monkeys had developed eosinophilic bronchitis and bronchiolitis, indicative of a hypersensitivity response. This study indicates that formalin-inactivated hMPV vaccines have the same propensity to predispose for immune-mediated disease as inactivated RSV and MV vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. r.deswart@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Rik L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: de Swart
authors.forename: Bernadette G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: van den Hoogen
authors.forename: Thijs
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuiken
authors.forename: Sander
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herfst
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Amerongen
authors.forename: Selma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yüksel
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sprong
authors.forename: Albert D M E
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Osterhaus
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000534:Alum Compounds; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005557:Formaldehyde; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D029121:Metapneumovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000009:adverse effects; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000534:Alum Compounds; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D005557:Formaldehyde; C041524:aluminum sulfate; D007371:Interferon-gamma