title: Synergistic antitumor effects of anthracenylmethyl homospermidine and alpha-difluoromethylornithine on promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells.
abstract: The present study was designed to assess the synergistic antitumor effects of anthracenylmethyl homospermidine (ANTMHspd), a novel polyamine conjugate, with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and to elucidate the mechanism of these effects on human leukemia HL60 cells. Cell proliferation was assessed by the MTT assay. Cell cycle, apoptosis and mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) were evaluated by flow cytometry. Caspases and cytochrome c were detected by Western Blot analysis. The combination treatment strongly inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and caused an accumulation in the G1 phase with an accompaniment decrease in S phase. Moreover, reduction of MMP, release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 but not caspase-8 were observed during the combination-mediated apoptosis. All these findings demonstrated that the combination treatment with DFMO and ANTMHspd resulted in synergistic antitumor effects on HL60 cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China.
authors.forename: Song-qiang
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Guang-chao
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yuan-fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Peng-fei
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ying-liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Min-wei
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bian-sheng
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Chao-jie
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000873:Anthracenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D004357:Drug Synergism; D000518:Eflornithine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000187:drug effects; D013095:Spermidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C529696:anthracenylmethyl homospermidine; C007961:sym-homospermidine; D045304:Cytochromes c; D020169:Caspases; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D013095:Spermidine; D000518:Eflornithine