title: Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in delinquent female adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although juveniles within the justice system have high psychiatric morbidity, few comprehensive investigations have shown posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in female delinquents. Here, we aim to describe the nature and extent of PTSD and trauma exposure and to clarify the relationships among comorbidity and psychosocial factors in juvenile female offenders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four girls were randomly interviewed using structured tools. Self-report measures were used to assess depression, eating behaviour, impulsivity and parental attitude.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PTSD prevalence was 33%, and 77% of the female juvenile offenders had been exposed to trauma. The offenders with PTSD showed a significantly high psychiatric comorbidity. Depression and adverse parenting were associated with PTSD development, and abnormal eating was also correlated with PTSD symptoms. Marked differences in the frequency and intensity of PTSD evaluation depending on the type of comorbidity and trauma were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incarcerated young females in Japan have serious trauma-related problems, and the degree of depression is a strong predictor of PTSD development and symptoms. This study highlights the importance of adequate diagnosis and treatment of PTSD in delinquent female adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behaviour, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ariga
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishige
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mikuni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000523:psychology*; D008016:Life Change Events; D016015:Logistic Models; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology*