title: The Cleveland adolescent sleepiness questionnaire: a new measure to assess excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Developed the Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire (CASQ), a brief, self-completed instrument to measure excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A subsample of 411 adolescents 11-17 years of age recruited from area schools, churches, and "control" participants in a sleep disordered breathing cohort study; a second subsample of 62 adolescents with diagnosed sleep disordered breathing also participating in the sleep disordered breathing study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed the CASQ along with two other available measures of daytime sleepiness and other sleep parameters (sleep duration on school nights, sleep duration on non-school nights, and sleep debt, defined as non-school night sleep duration minus school-night sleep duration). Demographic information was obtained from a caregiver-completed questionnaire. The CASQ was developed using exploratory factor analysis, followed by confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Goodness-of-fit measures for the final 16-item scale structure ranged from good to excellent. The CASQ's internal consistency was good (alpha = 0.89). Correlations between the CASQ, two other measures of daytime sleepiness, and sleep parameters gave preliminary evidence of the CASQ's construct validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CASQ shows promise as a valid measure of daytime sleepiness in adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106-6083, USA. jcs5@case.edu
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Spilsbury
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drotar
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Redline
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D009820:Ohio; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires