title: The narghile (hookah, shisha, goza) epidemic and the need for clearing up confusion and solving problems related with model building of social situations.
abstract: Many biomedical studies of the past seven years have failed in giving a sound picture of what hookah (shisha, narghile, goza) smoke and smoking are. The reasons are many: from the widespread use of a confusing neologism ("waterpipe") instead of the few clear and natural words used for centuries by indigenous and non-indigenous people in their real life, to the use of artificial smoking (machines) instead of relying on quantitative and qualitative analysis of toxicants directly performed on real hookah smokers.
authors.affiliation: University of Paris, XI-XII. kamcha@gmail.com
authors.forename: Kamal T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Chaouachi
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012931:Social Environment