title: A simplified hollow-fibre supported liquid membrane extraction method for quantification of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in urine and plasma samples.
abstract: A simple and easy-to-use extraction procedure has been optimised, validated, and applied for extraction of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in urine and spiked plasma samples. PhIP is a carcinogenic and mutagenic heterocyclic aromatic amine that is formed during cooking of meat and fish. The novelty of the extraction procedure lies in using a short piece of narrow capillary-like microporous hollow-fibre (HF) membrane as extraction device. The HF membrane was filled with a few microlitres of acidic solution and the membrane pores were impregnated with an organic extraction solvent. Therefore, the technique was called hollow-fibre supported liquid membrane (HF-SLM) extraction. The HF extraction device was then supported by a syringe needle and directly immersed in urine (1.4 mL) or plasma (0.3 mL) previously made alkaline by adding 0.5 mol L(-1) NaOH solution to give a final volume of 1.6 mL. The operation of the HF-SLM extraction at the optimal conditions resulted in a PhIP extraction efficiency of 74% from both spiked urine and plasma, corresponding to enrichment factors of 126 and 27, respectively. For 90 min extraction time, limits of detection and quantification were, respectively, 8 and 25 pg mL(-1) for urine and 6 and 11 pg mL(-1) for plasma. Within-day repeatability (n = 6) and between-day reproducibility (n = 3) were, respectively, 5% and 13% for urine and 6% and 7% for plasma. Analysis of urine samples collected for 12 h after a volunteer had eaten 250 g well-done chicken showed the PhIP concentration was 124 +/- 21 pg mL(-1), calculated assuming an extraction efficiency of 74%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lezamiz
authors.forename: Thaer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barri
authors.forename: Jan Ake
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Skog
mesh_terms: D020811:Biomedical Technology / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012997:Solvents; C049584:2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine