title: Bioactivity and chemical composition of the leaf essential oils of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium and Zanthoxylum setulosum from Monteverde, Costa Rica.
abstract: The leaf essential oils of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium and Zanthoxylum setulosum (Rutaceae) from Monteverde, Costa Rica have been obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The principal constituents of Z. rhoifolium leaf oil were germacrene D (14.6%), limonene (12.5%), trans-2-hexenal (11.3%), beta-elemene (9.2%), 2-undecanone (9.2%), myrcene (7.9%), bicyclogermacrene (7.5%), and germacrene A (5.2%). The leaf oil of Z. setulosum was composed largely of beta-phellandrene (37.5%), beta-caryophyllene (13.7%), alpha-pinene (11.9%), germacrene D (10.9%), myrcene (5.9%), and nerolidol (5.4%). The essential oils were screened for in-vitro cytotoxic activity against Hep G2, MCF-7, and PC-3 human tumor cell lines; antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli; and for Artemia salina (brine shrimp) lethality. Neither Z. rhoifolium nor Z. setulosum leaf oils exhibited cytotoxicity or antibacterial activity. Both oils showed activity against A. salina.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
authors.forename: Amelia K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Boehme
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Noletto
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Haber
authors.forename: William N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Setzer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003364:Costa Rica; D006801:Humans; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032106:Zanthoxylum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils