title: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: the report of a surgical strategy and comparative results of Norwood x Norwood-Sano approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a surgical strategy for the Norwood procedure in the hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) that enables short hypothermic circulatory arrest time and aortic arch reconstruction with autologous pericardium patch. To compare the results of the modified Blalock-Taussig (mBT) shunt and the right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery (RV-PA) conduit procedures as the source of pulmonary blood flow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of 78 newborns consecutively operated between March, 1999 and June 2006. One technique for reconstruction of the neoaorta and two different techniques for reestablishment of the pulmonary blood flow: the mBT shunt in the first 37 newborns and RV-PA conduit in the last 41. Cannulation of the ductus arteriosus for systemic perfusion was the main part of the surgical strategy to reduce the hypothermic circulatory arrest time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In-hospital survival for the entire cohort was 74,35%, or 67.57% for the mBT shunt and 80,49% for RV-PA conduit groups (p=0,21). Hypothermic circulatory arrest times were 45.79+/-1.99 min and 36,8+/-1,52 min (p=0,0012), respectively. Mortality rates between first and second stages were 40% for the mBT shunt and 6,9% for RV-PA conduit groups (p=0,007). Late coarctation of the aorta occurred in five patients Actuarial survival curves(Kaplan-Meier) comparison showed better results with VD-AP conduit (p=0,003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This surgical strategy resulted in short circulatory arrest time, low mortality and low incidence of aortic coarctation. Although the higher rate of survival to first palliation stage with the RV-PA conduit was not significant, the lower interstage mortality and superior medium-term survival in RV-AP group were statistically advantageous.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo. dasilvajp@uol.com.br
authors.forename: José Pedro da
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Luciana da
authors.initials: Ld
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: José Francisco
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Baumgratz
authors.forename: Rodrigo Moreira
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Sônia Meiken
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Franchi
authors.forename: Alessandro Cavalcante
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lianza
authors.forename: José Henrique Andrade
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Vila
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000592:standards*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000401:mortality; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D018636:Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D010496:Pericardium / Q000637:transplantation*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000601:surgery; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome