title: Prefrontal gray matter increases in healthy individuals after lithium treatment: a voxel-based morphometry study.
abstract: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that 4 weeks of lithium administration would be associated with changes in brain gray and white matter volumes in healthy individuals. Thirteen right-handed healthy volunteers (6 females, mean age=25.9+/-10.0 years) were studied. 3D SPGR MRIs (TR=25 ms, TE=5 ms, slice-thickness=1.5 mm) were acquired using a 1.5 T GE Signa Imaging System, at baseline and after 4 weeks of lithium administration at therapeutically relevant doses. Optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses were conducted. Left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left anterior cingulate gray matter volumes increased significantly following lithium administration. Total white matter volume was increased, whereas total brain volume and total gray matter volume were not significantly changed following 4 weeks of lithium. Lithium treatment resulted in prefrontal regional gray matter volume increases in healthy volunteers, as well as increases in total white matter volume. Whether these changes are mediated by neurotrophic/neuroprotective or osmotic effects remains unknown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: E Serap
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Monkul
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dierschke
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hatch
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dalwani
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brambilla
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caetano
authors.forename: Roberto B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Sassi
authors.forename: Allan G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Mallinger
authors.forename: Jair C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018020:Lithium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D018020:Lithium Compounds