title: In vivo kinetics of cytokine expression during peritonitis in carp: evidence for innate and alternative macrophage polarization.
abstract: Despite the discovery of many cytokine genes in fish, knowledge on their functional homology is limited. To enlighten the biological function of inflammation-related mediators, we studied their kinetics of gene expression during peritonitis in carp. Zymosan-induced intraperitoneal influx of phagocytes reached a maximum at 24h. In peritoneal leukocytes (PTL) up-regulation of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, CXCa, and chemokine receptor CXCR1 preceded this peak. Delayed up-regulation of these genes in the head kidney (HK) indicates emigration of antigen-presenting cells from peritoneum into HK and/or systemic spreading of inflammation. In turn, early increase in expression of anti-inflammatory genes in HK (6h) precede their up-regulation in the focus of inflammation. In PTL peaks of IL-10 and arginase 2 expression were recorded at 96 and 168h, respectively. These results give evidence that carp macrophages in vivo differentiate into a continuum of different activation states with innate and alternative activation representing the extremes.
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology & Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chadzinska
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Leon-Kloosterziel
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Plytycz
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Lidy Verburg-van Kemenade
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001119:Arginase / Q000235:genetics; D002347:Carps / Q000276:immunology*; D002465:Cell Movement; D016764:Cell Polarity; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology; D007700:Kinetics; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A / Q000235:genetics; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D001119:Arginase