title: Interleukin-11 attenuates ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the possible protective effect of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) against ifosfamide (IFS)-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (HC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Swiss mice (20-30g) were pretreated with rhIL-11 (25-625 mg, subcutaneously.) 30 min before intraperitoneal injection of IFS (400 mg/kg) or with saline (control group). Twelve hours later, HC was evaluated by bladder wet weight (BWW) to quantify edema, Evans blue extravasation (EBE) to measure vascular permeability, and macroscopic and microscopic analysis. All bladders were assessed by histopathological analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  rhIL-11 (at 125 and 625 mg) attenuated the IFS- induced increase of BWW (37.48% and 45.44%, respectively, p < 0.05) and EBE (62.35% and 56.47%, respectively, p < 0.05). IFS- induced macroscopic edema and hemorrhage and microscopic alterations, were also prevented by rhIL-11 at 625 microg. (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate a protective effect of rhIL-11 on experimental IFS- induced HC, not previously reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.forename: Gerly A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.forename: Raphael T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Loiola
authors.forename: Fernando Q
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: Ronaldo de A
authors.initials: Rde A
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003556:Cystitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009929:Organ Size
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D017370:Interleukin-11; D007069:Ifosfamide