title: Association between the -174 G/C promoter polymorphism of the interleukin-6 gene and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Brazilian older women.
abstract: In worldwide studies, interleukin-6 (IL-6) is implicated in age-related disturbances. The aim of the present report was to determine the possible association of IL-6 -174 C/G promoter polymorphism with the cytokine profile as well as with the presence of selected cardiovascular risk features. This was a cross-sectional study on Brazilian women aged 60 years or older. A sample of 193 subjects was investigated for impaired glucose regulation, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Genotyping was done by direct sequencing of PCR products. IL-6 and C-reactive protein were quantified by high-sensitivity assays. General linear regression models or the Student t-test were used to compare continuous variables among genotypes, followed by adjustments for confounding variables. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. The genotypes were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium proportions. In a recessive model, mean waist-to-hip ratio, serum glycated hemoglobin and serum glucose were markedly lower in C homozygotes (P = 0.001, 0.028, and 0.047, respectively). In a dominant hypothesis, G homozygotes displayed a trend towards higher levels of circulating IL-6 (P = 0.092). Non-parametric analysis revealed that impaired fasting glucose and hypertension were findings approximately 2-fold more frequent among G homozygous subjects (P = 0.042 and 0.043, respectively). Taken together, our results show that the IL-6 -174 G-allele is implicated in a greater cardiovascular risk. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of IL-6 promoter variants and age-related disturbances in the Brazilian elderly population.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Gerontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasíia, Taguatinga, DF, Brasil.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tonet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karnikowski
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: M G O
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Karnikowski
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Córdova
authors.forename: O T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Nóbrega
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001938:Brazil; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6