title: Phase III trial of protracted compared with split-course chemoradiation for esophageal carcinoma: Federation Francophone de Cancerologie Digestive 9102.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is an alternative to surgery for resectable locally advanced esophageal carcinoma (RLA-EC). We investigated the heterogeneity of the treatment benefits across subgroups of patients, defined according to the radiation scheme.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between February 1993 and December 2000, 451 patients were enrolled. The following two schemes were allowed: protracted radiotherapy (P-RT), which scheduled 46 Gy over 4.5 weeks or split-course radiotherapy (SC-RT) with two 1-week courses of 15 Gy. Two courses of cisplatin and fluorouracil were delivered concomitantly. In case of exclusive CRT, a further course of 20 Gy over 2 weeks in the P-RT group and one 1-week course of 15 Gy in the SC-RT group were delivered with three courses of chemotherapy. SC-RT and P-RT were administered to 285 patients (64%) and 161 patients (36%), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For P-RT versus SC-RT, the response rate to induction CRT was 67% v 68%, respectively (P = .09), and 2-year local relapse-free survival rate was 76.7% v 56.8%, respectively (P = .002). Shorter tumor length and P-RT were associated with better local control in multivariate analysis (P = .002 for both). After a median follow-up time of 47.4 months, 2-year overall survival rate was 37.1% for P-RT compared with 30.5% for SC-RT (P = .25). Independent prognostic factors on survival were tumor diameter (P = .02), weight loss of 10% or less (P = .05), and response to induction CRT (P = .002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with RLA-EC treated with P-RT had better local control than patients treated with SC-RT. Response to induction CRT is a determinant prognostic factor on survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon,France. gcrehange@dijon.fnclcc.fr
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Crehange
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maingon
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Peignaux
authors.forename: Tan Dat
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: N'guyen
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mirabel
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marchal
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Verrelle
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roullet
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonnetain
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bedenne
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil