title: The standard clinical smell testing protocol of the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics in Amman, Jordan: JOR test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was the development of a simple clinical smell test that can be applied in Jordan and its validation against one of the standard tests, the University of Pennsylvania Smell Test (UPSIT, Sensonics Inc, Haddon Heights, NJ).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective validation study of a locally designed smell test was done.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism in Amman, Jordan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty subjects were recruited to participate in this study. Twenty-five were normal healthy individuals, and 25 were patients with Kallmann syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 50 participants underwent 2 tests, the UPSIT and the locally designed test (JOR test). The scores of all patients in both tests were compared. Test-retest reliability was determined in the same 50 subjects. All patients completed the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects who scored within normal limits on the UPSIT scored 8 to 10 on the JOR test, and people who were abnormal on the UPSIT scored between 0 and 5 on the JOR test. The correlation between the scores of both tests was almost perfect (r = 0.984, P = .000). When both tests were classified as normal and abnormal, there was a complete agreement (kappa statistic = 1). Both sensitivity and specificity were 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given its highly significant correspondence to the UPSIT and the odor thresholds of Jordanians, our test proved valid and useful as a cross-cultural clinical test of olfactory function. In addition, it is an inexpensive, rapid test. Unfortunately, the data lacked persons with moderate impairment of smell. Therefore, the new test may not be used to assess this category of patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Azmi T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Mousa Abu
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jbara
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hiyasat
authors.forename: Anwar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bateiha
authors.forename: Kamel M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ajlouni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003943:Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan; D017436:Kallmann Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D009812:Odorants; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors