title: Complexity in efflux pump control: cross-regulation by the paralogues TtgV and TtgT.
abstract: Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E, known for its high tolerance to solvents, possesses three Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division-type (RND) efflux pumps, namely TtgABC, TtgDEF and TtgGHI, which are involved in the active extrusion of solvents. Expression of the ttgABC and ttgGHI operons was previously shown to be regulated by the adjacently encoded repressors, TtgR and TtgV, respectively. Upstream of the third RND operon, ttgDEF, is located a putative regulator gene, ttgT. In this study, TtgT is shown to bind to the promoter region of the ttgDEF operon, and to be released from DNA in the presence of organic solvents. In vitro studies revealed that TtgV and TtgT bind the same operator sites in both the ttgDEF and the ttgGHI promoters. However, the affinity of TtgV for the ttgDEF operator was higher than that of TtgT, which, together with the fact that the ttgV promoter seems to be almost twice stronger than the ttgT promoter, explains why TtgV takes over in the regulation of the two efflux pump operons. The functional replacement of the cognate, chromosomally encoded TtgT by the plasmid-encoded paralogue TtgV illustrates a new mode of efflux pump regulation of which the physiological relevance is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Wilson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Terán
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Felipe
authors.forename: Sandy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fillet
authors.forename: María-Eugenia
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Guazzaroni
authors.forename: Tino
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krell
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Juan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: María-Trinidad
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Gallegos
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018983:DNA Footprinting; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009876:Operon / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020058:Styrene / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C430335:TtgG protein, Pseudomonas putida; C430336:TtgH protein, Pseudomonas putida; C430337:TtgI protein, Pseudomonas putida; D020058:Styrene