title: Feasibility and short-term outcomes of a shamanic treatment for temporomandibular joint disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are chronic, recurrent, non-progressive pain conditions affecting the jaw and face. Patients least likely to respond to allopathic treatment are those with the most marked biological responsiveness to external stressors and concomitant emotional and psychosocial difficulties. These characteristics describe individuals who are "dispirited" and may benefit from shamanic healing, an ancient form of spiritual healing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This phase 1 study tested feasibility and safety of shamanic healing for TMDs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomized to 1 of 4 shamanic practitioners and attended 5 shamanic healing sessions. Self-reported pain and disability were recorded at baseline and each treatment visit and at 1, 3, 6, and 9-month follow-ups. Participants also were clinically evaluated at baseline and end of treatment. In-depth interviews, part of our mixed methods design, were conducted at baseline and end of treatment to evaluate acceptability and nonclinical changes associated with treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Portland, Oregon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three women with diagnosed TMDs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Shamanic treatment carried out during 5 treatment visits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Change from baseline to posttreatment in diagnosis of TMDs by Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) exam and participant self-ratings on the "usual" pain, "worst" pain, and functional impact of TMDs subscales of the RDC Axis II Pain Related Disability and Psychological Status Scale. This paper reports on outcomes at end of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of clinical trials of shamanic healing. The mean of usual pain went from 4.96 to 2.70, P<.0001; worst pain from 7.48 to 3.60, P<.0001, and functional impact of TMDs from 3.74 to 1.15, P<.0052. Only 4 women were clinically diagnosed with TMDs at the end of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Vuckovic
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gullion
authors.forename: Louise A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009922:Oregon; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D019423:Shamanism; D029181:Spirituality; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome