title: Blood and body fluid splashes during surgery--the need for eye protection and masks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While most surgeons make an effort to avoid needlestick injury, some can pay little attention to reduce the potential route of infection occurring when body fluids splash into the eye. It has been shown that transmission of HIV, hepatitis B or C can occur across any mucous membrane. This study aims to quantify how frequently body fluids splash the mask and lens of wrap around protective glasses thus potentially exposing the surgeon to infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was carried out by a single surgeon on all cases performed over a 1-year period. Protective mask and glasses were examined before and after operations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 384 operations were performed with 174 (45%) showing blood or body fluid splash on the lens. A high incidence of splashes was found in vascular surgical procedures (79%). All amputations showed splash on the protective lens. Interestingly, 50% of laparoscopic cases resulted in blood or body fluid splash on the protective lens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has shown a high incidence (45%) of blood and body fluid splashes found on protective glasses and masks. There was a very high incidence (79%) during vascular surgical procedures. With the prevalence of HIV and hepatitis increasing, it seems prudent to protect oneself against possible routes of transmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK. christopher.davies@btopenworld.com
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: A S K
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ghauri
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ranaboldo
mesh_terms: D001769:Blood; D001826:Body Fluids; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D004867:Equipment Design; D005135:Eye Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013502:General Surgery; D006801:Humans; D017758:Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008397:Masks; D011446:Prospective Studies