title: Metastatic involvement of sacral nerve roots from uterine carcinoma: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metastatic involvement of peripheral nerves is considered common in carcinoma of the head and neck with perineural invasion. It is also possible that perineural and endoneural invasion occur in presacral local recurrence. Little is reported about metastasis in pelvic lesions including sacral nerve roots.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We describe the clinical presentation and diagnosis of metastatic involvement of sacral nerve roots retrogradely from uterine carcinoma, and its implication for spine surgeons, along with a brief review of literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case report of a patient with metastatic lesions in S1 and S2 nerve roots originating from uterine adenocarcinoma is presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 39-year-old woman with history of uterine cancer presented with persistent severe low back pain, intractable radicular pain, and neurological deficit in the right lower extremity. She had undergone radical hysterectomy for uterine adenocarcinoma 4 years ago followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed abnormal swelling of the S1 and S2 nerve roots along with a soft-tissue mass in the retroperitoneal space.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient underwent surgical rhizotomy and histology of the roots revealed metastatic tumor in the dorsal root ganglion. The patient had good pain relief, she died of metastatic disease 3 years later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite being uncommon, sacral nerve root metastasis should be considered in some patients with history of cancer of pelvic organs including the uterus. MR images were of little value in differentiating a carcinomatous lesion from a benign lesion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Fukui University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shimoaizuki 23, Matsuoka, Fukui 910-1193, Japan. kuchida@fmsrsa.fukui-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kenzo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yayama
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Hisatoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baba
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010524:Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D012447:Sacrum; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery