title: Protection of macaques against AIDS with a live attenuated SHIV vaccine is of finite duration.
abstract: Using background data that live vaccines against several viral pathogens are effective in inducing life-long protection against disease, we undertook studies in macaques to determine the duration of protection that two live SHIV vaccines could induce against AIDS. Earlier studies had established that macaques immunized once with a live vaccine and challenged 6 months later were protected, and that other macaques given two sequential inoculations of live vaccines were protected for at least 1 year. Protection was associated with persistence of the vaccine viruses. In this study, we sought to determine whether the duration of protection in macaques given a single inoculation of replication competent live vaccines would extend beyond 3 years. Two groups of four rhesus macaques were inoculated with two live SHIV vaccines, respectively. The viruses replicated transiently in all animals but at the 3-year time point, PCR analysis of PBMC did not detect DNA of either virus in any of the animals, and all were negative for CMI responses in the blood. All 8 animals succumbed to disease when challenged with pathogenic viruses.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA. kumaran@umkc.edu
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Zhenqian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Darlene
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sheffer
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Dinesh K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Shilpa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buch
authors.forename: Opendra
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Narayan
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013997:Time Factors; D014611:Vaccination; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated