title: Differential impact of age, sex, and hypertension on aortic atherosclerosis: the Framingham Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of age, sex, and hypertension (HTN) on aortic atherosclerotic burden using cardiovascular MRI (CMR) in a free-living longitudinally followed cohort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1763 participants (829 M and 934 F; 38 to 88 years of age) of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort underwent CMR of the thoracoabdominal aorta using an ECG-gated 2D T2-weighted black-blood sequence. Of these, 1726 subjects (96%) with interpretable CMR were characterized by sex, age-quartile, and presence or absence of HTN and clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). Aortic plaque prevalence and volume increased with increasing age in both sexes. For the nonhypertensive (no-HTN) group, plaque was identified in 702 (46%) with greater prevalence in women than in men (P<0.006). HTN was associated with greater aortic plaque burden (P<0.02). The 200 subjects with clinical CVD had greater plaque burden than subjects without CVD (P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this free-living longitudinally followed cohort, subclinical aortic atherosclerosis was seen in nearly half of subjects and increased with advancing age. HTN was associated with increased aortic plaque burden. Among no-HTN subjects, women had greater plaque burden than men. These data suggest that subclinical atherosclerosis is more common in no-HTN women and emphasize the importance of focusing on preventive measures in both sexes.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: Philimon
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gona
authors.forename: Carol J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Salton
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Rahul R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Jhaveri
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Blease
authors.forename: Anya R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lahiri
authors.forename: René M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Botnar
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Martin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Warren J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Manning
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000473:pathology*; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000473:pathology*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors