title: Readout-segmented EPI for rapid high resolution diffusion imaging at 3 T.
abstract: Readout mosaic segmentation has been suggested as an alternative approach to EPI for high resolution diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). In the readout-segmented EPI (RS-EPI) scheme, segments of k-space are acquired along the readout direction. This reduces geometric distortions due to the decrease in readout time. In this work, further distortion reduction is achieved by combining RS-EPI with parallel imaging (PI). The performance of the PI-accelerated RS-EPI scheme is assessed in volunteers and patients at 3T with respect to both standard EPI and PI-accelerated EPI. Peripherally cardiac gated and non-gated RS-EPI images are acquired to assess whether motion due to brain pulsation significantly degrades the image quality. Due to the low off-resonance of PI-driven RS-EPI, we also investigate if the eddy currents induced by the diffusion gradients are low enough to use the Stejskal-Tanner diffusion preparation instead of the twice-refocused eddy-current compensated diffusion preparation to reduce TE. It is shown that non-gated phase corrected DWI performs equally as well as gated acquisitions. PI-driven DW RS-EPI images with substantially less distortion compared with single-shot EPI are shown in patients-allowing the delineation of structures in the lower parts of the brain. A twice-refocused diffusion preparation was found necessary to avoid blurring in the DWI data. This paper shows that the RS-EPI scheme may be an important alternative sampling strategy to EPI to achieve high resolution T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted images.
authors.affiliation: Lucas Center, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5488, USA.
authors.forename: Samantha J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Holdsworth
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Skare
authors.forename: Rexford D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Newbould
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guzmann
authors.forename: Nikolas H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Blevins
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bammer
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002781:Cholesteatoma / Q000473:pathology*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D020786:Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted