title: Exhaled inflammatory markers in aspirin-induced asthma syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-6, respectively, markers of neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation, were analyzed in nasal and oral exhaled breath condensate to understand the inflammation of upper and lower airways in subjects with aspirin-induced asthma (AIA) syndrome, evaluating possible differences between AIA and the single pathological conditions included in AIA syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with AIA, 17 patients with mild asthma (MA), 12 patients with nasal polyposis (NP), 11 patients with mild asthma + nasal polyposis (MA + NP), and 10 healthy subjects (HSs) were enrolled. Nasal and oral exhaled IL-4 and IL-6 were measured by enzyme immunoassay kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher levels of nasal and oral exhaled IL-4 and IL-6 were observed in AIA compared with MA, NP, MA + NP, and HSs. Moreover, a positive correlation was identified between nasal exhaled IL-4 and IL-6 and, respectively, the number of neutrophils and eosinophils and in nasal scraping.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concentration of eosinophilic and neutrophilic markers in upper and lower airways of subjects with AIA syndrome is higher compared with HS and subjects with MA, NP, and MA + NP.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Medical and Occupational Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy. ge.carpagnano@unifg.it
authors.forename: Giovanna E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Carpagnano
authors.forename: Onofrio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Resta
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gelardi
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spanevello
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Gioia
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Giliberti
authors.forename: Annarita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Depalo
authors.forename: Maria P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Foschino Barbaro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001241:Aspirin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000378:metabolism; D045853:Exhalation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D012119:Respiration; D012882:Skin Tests; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D015847:Interleukin-4; D001241:Aspirin