title: 11C-AC-5216: a novel PET ligand for peripheral benzodiazepine receptors in the primate brain.
abstract: Developing a PET ligand for imaging of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR; Translocator Protein [18 kDa] TSPO) is of great importance for studying its role in glial cells in the injured brain and in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to synthesize and evaluate N-benzyl-N-ethyl-2-(7-(11)C-methyl-8-oxo-2-phenyl-7,8-dihydro-9H-purin-9-yl)acetamide ((11)C-AC-5216) as a PET ligand for imaging PBR in the primate brain.
  
  
  METHODS
  AC-5216 and its desmethyl precursor (compound 1) were synthesized starting from commercially available compounds. The radiosynthesis of (11)C-AC-5216 was performed through the reaction of compound 1 with (11)C-CH(3)I in the presence of NaH. The in vivo brain regional distribution was determined in mice (dissection) and a monkey (PET).
  
  
  RESULTS
  (11)C-AC-5216 (800-1,230 MBq; n = 25) was obtained with a radiochemical purity of 98% and a specific activity of 85-130 GBq/mumol at the end of synthesis. After injection of (11)C-AC-5216 into mice, a high accumulation of radioactivity was found in the lungs, heart, adrenal glands, and other PBR-rich organs. In the mouse brain, high radioactivity was observed in the olfactory bulb and cerebellum. Radioactivity in these regions was inhibited by nonradioactive AC-5216 or PK11195 but was not decreased by central benzodiazepine receptor-selective flumazenil and Ro15-4513. A PET study of the monkey brain determined that (11)C-AC-5216 had a relatively high uptake in the occipital cortex, a rich PBR-dense area in the primate brain. Pretreatment with nonradioactive AC-5216 and PK11195 reduced the radioactivity of (11)C-AC-5216 in the occipital cortex significantly, suggesting its high specific binding with PBR in the brain. Metabolite analysis demonstrated that (11)C-AC-5216 was stable in vivo in the mouse brain, although it was metabolized in the plasma of mice and the monkey.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (11)C-AC-5216 is a promising PET ligand for imaging PBR in rodent and primate brains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Probes, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan. zhang@nirs.go.jp
authors.forename: Ming-Rong
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Katsushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumata
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanamoto
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hatori
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Obayashi
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suhara
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D051379:Mice; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011687:Purines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; C502525:N-benzyl-N-ethyl-2-(7,8-dihydro-7-methyl-8-oxo-2-phenyl-9H-purin-9-yl)acetamide; D011687:Purines; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A