title: Renal transplantation or bladder augmentation first? A comparison of complications and outcomes in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify whether the order of performing transplant and bladder reconstruction operations in children who need both operations affects outcome of either operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case note review was performed of children identified from our database, who had undergone both renal transplantation and bladder augmentation between 1990 and 2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 18 renal transplants (eight live-related) were performed in 16 children with 10 transplants done after bladder augmentation and eight transplants done before augmentation. The median age at transplantation was 7.5 years and at augmentation was 7.0 years. The median interval between the operations was 33.5 months and the median follow-up was 58.4 months after transplantation. Outcomes were compared between the two groups of patients: those who received their transplantation before bladder augmentation, and those who were transplanted after bladder augmentation. There was no difference between these groups in: the pre- transplant estimated glomerular filtration rate, inpatient stay after transplantation or after augmentation, and incidence of urinary tract infection in the 3 months after renal transplantation or after bladder augmentation. There was no statistical difference in renal allograft loss with one graft failure in the group who were augmented first, and four graft failures in the group who were transplanted first. However, it is of note that the single graft failure in the patient augmented first was due to renal artery thrombosis on the first day related to a double arterial anastomosis, whilst in the other group, three of the graft failures were in transplants that had initially been drained by ureterostomy. Three patients in the group transplanted first developed significant ureteric pathology, of which one developed graft failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bladder reconstruction can be performed safely before transplantation; it does not increase complications and might better protect the renal graft and specifically the transplant ureter.
authors.affiliation: Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK. a.taghizadeh@ukonline.co.uk
authors.forename: Arash K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Taghizadeh
authors.forename: Divyesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ledermann
authors.forename: Rukshana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shroff
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Geoff
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koffman
authors.forename: Patrick G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Cuckow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000592:standards*; D007902:Length of Stay; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000592:standards