title: Familial chronic myeloproliferative disorders: clinical phenotype and evidence of disease anticipation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMDs) have sporadic occurrence. However, familial clustering is reported. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and the clinical phenotype of familial CMDs, and to study the anticipation of disease onset in successive generations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 458 patients with apparently sporadic CMDs, an interview-based investigation of family history was performed to identify familial cases. The clinical phenotype of familial CMDs was compared with that of sporadic CMDs. Anticipation was studied evaluating age at diagnosis and telomere length in successive generations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 458 patients with apparently sporadic CMDs, the prevalence of familial cases was 7.6% (35 pedigrees; 75 patients). Kolmogorov-Smirnov and two-tailed Fisher's exact tests did not demonstrate significant differences in clinical presentation between patients with familial and sporadic CMDs. Within 544 person-years of follow-up, patients with familial CMDs developed similar complications and disease evolutions as those with sporadic CMDs. The comparison of second-generation and first-generation patients showed a significantly younger age at diagnosis (Wilcoxon matched-pair test, P = .001) and a significantly higher age-dependent hazard of CMD onset (Nelson-Aalen method, P < .001) in patients of the second generation. A significant shortening of telomere length was highlighted in offspring compared with parent (P = .043).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that a thorough investigation of family history should be part of the initial work-up of patients with CMDs. Patients with familial CMDs show the same clinical features and suffer the same complications as patients with sporadic disease. Age distribution between parent and offspring and telomere length shortening provide evidence of disease anticipation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo Viale Golgi 49, 27100 Pavia, Italy. elisarumi@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rumi
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Passamonti
authors.forename: Matteo G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Della Porta
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elena
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arcaini
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vanelli
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Del Curto
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pietra
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boveri
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pascutto
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cazzola
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazzarino
mesh_terms: D020132:Anticipation, Genetic; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053614:Janus Kinase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D009196:Myeloproliferative Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: C507924:JAK2 protein, human; D053614:Janus Kinase 2