title: Dietary carbohydrates, glycemic load and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations among South Indian adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between dietary carbohydrates, glycemic load and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations in Asian Indians, a high-risk group for diabetes and premature coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population comprised of 2043 individuals aged >/=20 years randomly selected from Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study (CURES), an ongoing population-based study on a representative population of Chennai (formerly Madras) city in southern India. Participants with self-reported history of diabetes or heart disease or on drug therapy for dyslipidemia were excluded from the study. Dietary carbohydrates, glycemic index and glycemic load were assessed using a validated interviewer administered semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both dietary glycemic load (P<0.0001) and total dietary carbohydrate intake (P<0.001) were significantly associated with higher serum triglyceride levels and lower serum HDL-C levels. For the lowest to highest quintile of glycemic load, the multivariate-adjusted mean HDL-C values were 44.1 mg per 100 ml and 41.2 mg per 100 ml (6.6% difference, P for trend<0.001), while for total carbohydrate it was less (5% difference, P for trend=0.016). The pattern of decrease in HDL-C for the lowest to highest quintile of glycemic load was more pronounced among men (1st vs 5th quintile: adjusted HDL-C: 4.3 mg per 100 ml decrease (10.3%)) than women (1st vs 5th quintile: adjusted HDL-C: 3.2 mg per 100 ml decrease (6.9%)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that both total carbohydrates and dietary glycemic load intake are inversely associated with plasma HDL-C concentrations among Asian Indians, with dietary glycemic load having a stronger association.
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Center, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Radhika
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ganesan
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Sathya
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sudha
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mohan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D014280:Triglycerides