title: Time limit at VO2max velocity in elite crawl swimmers.
abstract: The purpose of this study is to assess, with elite crawl swimmers, the time limit at the minimum velocity corresponding to maximal oxygen consumption (TLim-vVO2max), and to characterize its main determinants. Eight subjects performed an incremental test for vVO2max assessment and, forty-eight hours later, an all-out swim at vVO2max until exhaustion. VO2 was directly measured using a telemetric portable gas analyzer and a visual pacer was used to help the swimmers keeping the predetermined velocities. Blood lactate concentrations, heart rate and stroke parameter values were also measured. TLim-vVO2max and vVO2max, averaged, respectively, 243.2 +/- 30.5 s and 1.45 +/- 0.08 m . s (-1). TLim-vVO2max correlated positively with VO2 slow component (r = 0.76, p < 0.05). Negative correlations were found between TLim-vVO2max and body surface area (r = - 0.80) and delta lactate (r = - 0.69) (p < 0.05), and with vVO2max (r = - 0.63), v corresponding to anaerobic threshold (r = - 0.78) and the energy cost corresponding to vVO2max (r = - 0.62) (p < 0.10). No correlations were observed between TLim-vVO2max and stroking parameters. This study confirmed the tendency to TLim-vVO2max be lower in the swimmers who presented higher vVO2max and vAnT, possibly explained by their higher surface area, energy cost and anaerobic rate. Additionally, O2SC seems to be a determinant of TLim-vVO2max.
authors.affiliation: Swimming, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. ricfer@fade.up.pt <ricfer@fade.up.pt>
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Keskinen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Colaço
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Querido
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.forename: D Q
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Novais
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Marinho
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vilas Boas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D006801:Humans; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D011174:Portugal; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors