title: Inhibitory purinergic transmission in mouse caecum: role for P2Y1 receptors as prejunctional modulators of ATP release.
abstract: Using conventional microelectrode recording techniques, we investigated, in the circular muscle of the mouse caecum, the neurotransmitter(s) involved in the neurally-evoked inhibitory junction potentials (IJPs) and the existence of possible prejunctional mechanisms controlling neurotransmitter release. Electrical field stimulation with single pulses elicited IJPs, consisting only of a "fast" hyperpolarization, while using train stimuli (30-50 Hz) the initial fast hyperpolarization was followed by a slower hyperpolarization. The fast and the slow component were selectively antagonized by apamin, a blocker of calcium-activated potassium channels, and N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, respectively. Fast IJPs were antagonized also by P2 purinoceptor antagonists, suramin or 4-[[4-formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]-2-pyridinyl]azo]-1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (PPADS), P2Y purinoceptor desensitization by adenosine 5'-O-2-thiodiphosphate (ADPbetaS). 2'-Deoxy-N(6)-methyl ADP diammonium salt (MRS 2179), P2Y1 purinoceptor antagonist, at the concentration of 1 microM increased the amplitude of the fast IJP, while at the concentration of 10 microM induced a reduction. 8,8'-[Carbonylbis[imino-3,1-phenylenecarbonylimino (4-fluoro-3,1-phenylene) carbonylimino]] bis-1,3,5-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid hexasodium salt (NF 157) and 2,2-dimethyl-propionic acid 3-(2-chloro-6-methylaminopurin-9-yl)-2-(2,2-dimethyl-propionyl-oxymethyl)-propyl ester (MRS 2395), P2Y11 and P2Y12 purinoceptor antagonist, were without any effect. ATP-induced hyperpolarization was affected by apamin and by P2Y purinoceptor desensitization, but not by MRS 2179. 2-(Methylthio)ATP tetrasodium salt hydrate (2-MeSATP), P2Y1 purinoceptor agonist, at a concentration which did not cause changes in the membrane potential, reduced the amplitude of the fast IJPs. This effect was prevented by MRS 2179. Paired nerve stimulation, either using single pulses or train stimuli, did not cause any alteration of the second-evoked IJP. In conclusion, in the circular muscle of the mouse caecum, ATP is responsible for the fast IJP while nitric oxide is responsible for the slow IJP. ATP-mediated response is dependent on ADPbetaS-sensitive P2Y receptors, which are in part P2Y1, but not P2Y11 or P2Y12 receptor subtypes. In addition, the most substantial finding of this study is the functional demonstration that ATP released by nerve stimulation activates P2Y1 receptors, located prejunctionally, limiting its release by motoneurons.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Zizzo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mulè
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Serio
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001030:Apamin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002432:Cecum / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000502:physiology*; D058472:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12; D013498:Suramin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C546382:P2RY1 protein, human; C109734:P2RY11 protein, human; C548576:P2RY12 protein, human; C546383:P2ry1 protein, mouse; C548577:P2ry12 protein, mouse; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058472:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12; D001030:Apamin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013498:Suramin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate