title: Serum vaspin concentrations in human obesity and type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vaspin was identified as an adipokine with insulin-sensitizing effects, which is predominantly secreted from visceral adipose tissue in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. We have recently shown that vaspin mRNA expression in adipose tissue is related to parameters of obesity and glucose metabolism. However, the regulation of vaspin serum concentrations in human obesity and type 2 diabetes is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the measurement of vaspin serum concentrations, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using this ELISA, we assessed circulating vaspin in a cross-sectional study of 187 subjects with a wide range of obesity, body fat distribution, insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance and in 60 individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or type 2 diabetes before and after a 4-week physical training program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vaspin serum concentrations were significantly higher in female compared with male subjects. There was no difference in circulating vaspin between individuals with NGT and type 2 diabetes. In the normal glucose-tolerant group, circulating vaspin significantly correlated with BMI and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, physical training for 4 weeks resulted in significantly increased circulating vaspin levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a sexual dimorphism in circulating vaspin. Elevated vaspin serum concentrations are associated with obesity and impaired insulin sensitivity, whereas type 2 diabetes seems to abrogate the correlation between increased circulating vaspin, higher body weight, and decreased insulin sensitivity. Low circulating vaspin correlates with a high fitness level, whereas physical training in untrained individuals causes increased vaspin serum concentrations.
authors.affiliation: University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Byung-Soo
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Klöting
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kratzsch
authors.forename: Namseok
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ji Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Eun-Sun
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruschke
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oberbach
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fasshauer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stumvoll
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blüher
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012016:Reference Values; D015843:Serpins / Q000097:blood*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D044465:White People
chemical_list: C507339:SERPINA12 protein, human; D015843:Serpins