title: Clinical trials update: endocrine and biological therapy combinations in the treatment of breast cancer.
abstract: A greater understanding of the biological mechanisms responsible for de novo and acquired endocrine resistance has led to the rational design of clinical trials exploring the benefit of combining hormonal therapies with novel biological agents in an effort to enhance the efficacy of ER+ breast cancer treatment. These studies are increasingly including parallel biological analyses to elucidate the molecular characteristics of those tumors that are most likely to respond to specific targeted/endocrine combinations in an effort to develop a tailored approach to the management of individual patients. Unfortunately despite encouraging preclinical data, some of these combinations have yielded disappointing results in the clinical setting. This article will review the results of clinical trials of endocrine/biological combinations conducted in early and advanced breast cancer as well as provide an update on ongoing studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK. Alexandra.leary@icr.ac.uk
authors.forename: Alexandra F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Leary
authors.forename: Bhawna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sirohi
authors.forename: Stephen R D
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen