title: No evidence that established type 2 diabetes susceptibility variants in the PPARG and KCNJ11 genes have pleiotropic effects on early growth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The P12A variant in the PPARG gene and the E23K polymorphism in KCNJ11 are both known to influence individual predisposition to type 2 diabetes. If the effect of these variants on insulin secretion and action were to extend to an influence on early growth (which is largely mediated by insulin), it would offer an explanation for observed associations between low birthweight and subsequent diabetes. Since previous studies of the effects of these variants on early growth have been limited and conflicting, we examined these associations in a large, well-characterised birth cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  The P12A and E23K variants were genotyped in (respectively) 5,652 and 5,632 individuals from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort of 1966 and we sought associations with early growth phenotypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither variant was associated with birthweight (P12A, p = 0.42; E23K, p = 0.44, additive models) or other measures of early growth. Although a previous report had suggested that the P12A effect on adult insulin sensitivity was restricted to small babies, we were unable to reproduce this finding (p = 0.40), nor did we confirm a previous report of an association with gestational age (p = 0.23).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a larger sample size than previous studies, we were unable to detect any effect of these variants on early growth. These findings do not support the notion that there are shared genetic determinants of low birthweight and adult diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sovio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruokonen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Martikainen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pouta
authors.forename: A-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hartikainen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franks
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: M-R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Järvelin
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: McCarthy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / Q000235:genetics*; D000099161:Kcnj11 Channel
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D000099161:Kcnj11 Channel