title: A review of research literature addressing male partners and smoking during pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To gain a more complete understanding of cigarette smoking and cessation during pregnancy by examining the men's role in supporting smoking cessation of their pregnant partners.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search of online data included CINAHL, Medline, and PsychLit databases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies published in the last 10 years, in English language, included three phenomena: pregnancy, male partners, and cigarette smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were identified and organized according to theoretical, descriptive, and intervention methods of research.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A growing body of literature indicates an interaction between pregnancy, male partners, and smoking behaviors. Explicating relationships between these phenomena is necessary for understanding and encouraging behaviors that promote maternal, child, and family health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current research that includes the phenomena of pregnancy, male partners, and smoking behaviors highlights a need to further investigate the potential relationships, interactions, and health consequences of smoking behaviors of men and women during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Science, Christchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology, PO Box 540, Christchurch, New Zealand. gagej@cpit.ac.nz
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gage
authors.forename: Kevin D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bullock
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D005220:Fathers / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006379:Helping Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015399:Nursing Research / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D012107:Research Design; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012944:Social Support