title: Model structure of the Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1): functional and clinical implications.
abstract: Eukaryotic Na(+)/H(+) exchangers are transmembrane proteins that are vital for cellular homeostasis and play key roles in pathological conditions such as cancer and heart diseases. Using the crystal structure of the Na(+)/H(+) antiporter from Escherichia coli (EcNhaA) as a template, we predicted the three-dimensional structure of human Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 1 (NHE1). Modeling was particularly challenging because of the extremely low sequence identity between these proteins, but the model structure is supported by evolutionary conservation analysis and empirical data. It also revealed the location of the binding site of NHE inhibitors; which we validated by conducting mutagenesis studies with EcNhaA and its specific inhibitor 2-aminoperimidine. The model structure features a cluster of titratable residues that are evolutionarily conserved and are located in a conserved region in the center of the membrane; we suggest that they are involved in the cation binding and translocation. We also suggest a hypothetical alternating-access mechanism that involves conformational changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, George S Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Meytal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landau
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Herz
authors.forename: Etana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Padan
authors.forename: Nir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ben-Tal
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001692:Biological Transport; D002412:Cations; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011487:Protein Conformation; D021381:Protein Transport; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C114362:2-aminoperimidine; D002412:Cations; D011799:Quinazolines; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; C069139:growth factor-activatable Na-H exchanger NHE-1