title: Evaluation of a new arterial pressure-based cardiac output device requiring no external calibration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several techniques have been discussed as alternatives to the intermittent bolus thermodilution cardiac output (COPAC) measurement by the pulmonary artery catheter (PAC). However, these techniques usually require a central venous line, an additional catheter, or a special calibration procedure. A new arterial pressure-based cardiac output (COAP) device (FloTractrade mark, Vigileotrade mark; Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA) only requires access to the radial or femoral artery using a standard arterial catheter and does not need an external calibration. We validated this technique in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) using COPAC as the method of reference.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 20 critically ill patients, aged 16 to 74 years (mean, 55.5 +/- 18.8 years), who required both arterial and pulmonary artery pressure monitoring. COPAC measurements were performed at least every 4 hours and calculated as the average of 3 measurements, while COAP values were taken immediately at the end of bolus determinations. Accuracy of measurements was assessed by calculating the bias and limits of agreement using the method described by Bland and Altman.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 164 coupled measurements were obtained. Absolute values of COPAC ranged from 2.80 to 10.80 l/min (mean 5.93 +/- 1.55 l/min). The bias and limits of agreement between COPAC and COAP for unequal numbers of replicates was 0.02 +/- 2.92 l/min. The percentage error between COPAC and COAP was 49.3%. The bias between percentage changes in COPAC (DeltaCOPAC) and percentage changes in COAP (DeltaCOAP) for consecutive measurements was -0.70% +/- 32.28%. COPAC and COAP showed a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.58 (p < 0.01), while the correlation coefficient between DeltaCOPAC and DeltaCOAP was 0.46 (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the COAP algorithm shows a minimal bias with COPAC over a wide range of values in an inhomogeneous group of critically ill patients, the scattering of the data remains relative wide. Therefore, the used algorithm (V 1.03) failed to demonstrate an acceptable accuracy in comparison to the clinical standard of cardiac output determination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, 93052, Germany. christoph.wiesenack@klinik.uni-regensburg.de.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prasser
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bele
authors.forename: Cornelius
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keyl
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schweiger
authors.forename: Benedikt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trabold
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amann
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Welnhofer
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiesenack