title: Modeling the irradiation followed by heat inactivation of Salmonella inoculated in liquid whole egg.
abstract: This study presents mathematical models that describe the inactivation of Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Senftenberg suspended in liquid whole egg (LWE) by irradiation followed by heat treatments (IR-H treatments). These models also enable prediction of cell injury in Salmonella after exposure to IR-H. Salmonella viability decreased exponentially (primary model) with heat treating time for all the radiation doses (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kGy) and temperatures investigated (55, 57, and 60 degrees C). Two secondary models that related the D(T) values (time required to eliminate 90% of viable cells at a given temperature) with radiation dose, heating temperature, and recovery medium after treatments were also developed. The developed final equations enabled to establish the process criterion (combinations of irradiation doses, temperature, and heat treatment times) required to achieve a given reduction (performance criterion) in Salmonella spp. suspended in LWE or the cell damage caused by the treatments. Process criteria to obtain the established performance criteria (a 5-log(10) reduction) on any of the investigated Salmonella serovars were determined to be, 57.7 degrees C/3.5 min following 1.5 kGy when treated cells were recovered in tryptic soy agar and 59.3 degrees C/3.5 min following 0.5 kGy when cells were recovered in tryptic soy agar amended with 3% NaCl. Based on our results, current industrial LWE heat treatments (60 degrees C/3.5 min) would inactivate 3 log(10) cycles of the Salmonella population. The results of this study can be applied to engineering design and for the evaluation and optimization of the IR-H process as a new technique to obtain Salmonella-free LWE.
authors.affiliation: Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Univ. of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Niemira
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Sommers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004531:Eggs / Q000382:microbiology*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005514:Food Irradiation; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008433:Mathematics; D008954:Models, Biological; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012475:Salmonella / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000528:radiation effects; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects