title: Olanzapine and acute urinary retention in two geriatric patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atypical antipsychotics are commonly used to treat behavioral disturbances in elderly demented patients. However, recent data have brought the tolerability of these drugs into question, as the majority of them have been associated with an increased risk for cerebrovascular events and death in this population. Specifically, increased risk has been found with olanzapine, aripiprazole, risperidone, and quetiapine. The other 2 atypical anti- psychotics, clozapine and ziprasidone, have not been studied in elderly populations. Although these medications are all classified as atypical antipsychotics, they exert varying degrees of blockade at dopamine, muscarinic, histaminic, and adrenergic receptors. Among these drugs, olanzapine has the greatest affinity for muscarinic receptors and, hence, may be associated with a greater risk for anticholinergic effects, including urinary retention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this report was to discuss the possibility that administration of olanzapine may provoke acute urinary retention (AUR) in some patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We describe the development of AUR leading to acute renal failure subsequent to olanzapine administration in 2 geriatric patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the cases presented, we recommend that clinicians measure electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine every 2 or 3 days for 1 or 2 weeks after initiating olanzapine treatment and after each dose increase. This is especially important for cognitively impaired elderly patients with BPH, as they may not be able to provide clear feedback regarding adverse effects of the medication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. randi.cohen@yale.edu
authors.forename: Randi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Kirsten M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ostroff
authors.forename: Rajesh R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Tampi
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000032:analysis; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000077152:Olanzapine; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000187:drug effects; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D004573:Electrolytes; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D003404:Creatinine; D000077152:Olanzapine