title: Malignant blue nevus with lymph node metastases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malignant blue nevi arise within cellular blue nevi and contain atypical mitoses, necrosis, nuclear pleomorphism and prominent nucleoli. Malignant blue nevus has been described as a distinct identity, a rare form of malignant melanoma, and a misdiagnosed melanoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a patient with metastatic malignant blue nevus and studies on the histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of the neoplasm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histology showed a malignant blue nevus arising in a combined intradermal and cellular blue nevus. CD117 (c-kit) staining showed diffuse cytoplasmic expression within the cellular blue nevus, decreased staining in the malignant component, and variable positivity within the lymph node metastases. Molecular loss of heterozygosity analysis showed different allelic patterns at the hOGG-1 locus between the melanoma and control skin specimens with a varying heterozygous allelic pattern in both the benign and malignant blue nevus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our case of malignant blue nevus with lymph node metastasis involved mutation of the hOGG-1 DNA repair gene. CD117 showed decreased staining of the primary malignant blue nevus with marked upregulation in the metastatic lesion, unlike most metastatic melanomas. Further study is needed to determine if hOGG-1 mutation or c-kit upregulation play a role in the pathogenesis of dendritic melanocytic lesions (either benign or malignant).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zyrek-Betts
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Micale
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lineen
authors.forename: Prabir K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keil
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Jean E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D045647:DNA Glycosylases / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics; D018329:Nevus, Blue / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000378:metabolism*; D012535:Scalp / Q000473:pathology; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; D045647:DNA Glycosylases; C479058:oxoguanine glycosylase 1, human