title: Intraluminal thread model of focal stroke in the non-human primate.
abstract: The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a New World monkey, has recently been used as a model of focal cerebral ischaemia. Here, we sought to develop a stroke model in this species using an intraluminal approach to occlude the middle cerebral artery (MCA). This technically simple procedure allows both transient and permanent ischaemia with minimal morbidity. Ten common marmosets underwent either transient (3 h) or permanent ischaemia by the insertion of a nylon filament through the external carotid artery up to the origin of the MCA. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was monitored by the laser-Doppler flowmetry technique. Sensorimotor functions were regularly evaluated, and histologic, immunohistochemical, and magnetic resonance imaging analyses were performed 8 days after the occlusion. The surgical procedure was achieved straightforwardly without postoperative mortality or cerebral haemorrhage. All animals displayed a consistent decrease in CBF that remained stable over 3 h. Infarction affected both cortical and subcortical structures. Although not statistically significant, the volume of infarction was smaller in marmosets subjected to transient ischaemia compared to those permanently occluded (237+/-139 and 358+/-118 mm3, respectively). In all the behavioural tests used, reperfused marmosets exhibited fewer neurologic and functional impairments compared to permanently occluded ones. We show the feasibility of the induction of permanent or transient focal cerebral ischaemia in the marmoset using an intraluminal approach with minimal invasion. This model could be suitable as an advanced screening for potential stroke therapies in which behavioural, imaging, and histologic analyses can be compared.
authors.affiliation: University of Caen, CNRS-UMR 6185, Cyceron, Caen, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Freret
authors.forename: Valentine
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bouet
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toutain
authors.forename: Romaric
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saulnier
authors.forename: Palma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pro-Sistiaga
authors.forename: Ebeline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bihel
authors.forename: Eric T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schumann-Bard
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Touzani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery*; D002144:Callithrix; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013995:Time