title: Percutaneous closure of postoperative and post-traumatic ventricular septal defects.
abstract: Although uncommon, significant postoperative residual leaks may occur after repair of any type of ventricular septal defect (VSD). Post-traumatic VSDs are even rarer, but can be occasionally seen after penetrating or blunt chest trauma. When these defects are associated with significant left-to-right shunting (Qp/Qs > 1.5) with persistent left ventricular volume overload, intervention is generally recommended. Surgical treatment requires cardiopulmonary bypass with its attendant morbidity, increased hospital stay and possible long-term neurological impairment. With the evolving experience of transcatheter closure of postinfarction and native perimembranous and muscular VSDs, this less invasive method became an attractive alternative to manage these postoperative and post-traumatic defects. In this paper, we report on 3 patients with such residual leaks after repair of a perimembranous defect, which was closed using a perimembranous Amplatzer VSD occluded after a failed attempt using a NitOcclud coil. One patient had a mid-muscular post-traumatic defect after a penetrating chest wound, and another patient had a residual leak after a patch repair of a large post-traumatic muscular defect with outlet extension after a blunt chest trauma. Both defects were closed using muscular Amplatzer VSD occluders. All procedures were uncomplicated, and there were no technical difficulties with device implantation. All 3 patients' defects were completely closed at follow up. Percutaneous closure of traumatic and residual postoperative VSDs appears to be safe and effective. A larger number of patients and longer follow-up period are needed before the widespread use of this technique can be recommended.
authors.affiliation: Catheterization Laboratory for Congenital Heart Disease, Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. carlosacpedra@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Carlos A C
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pedra
authors.forename: Sérgio C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pontes
authors.forename: Simone R F
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Pedra
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salerno
authors.forename: J Breno
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Marly A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Miaira
authors.forename: Ana Luisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: M Virginia T
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.forename: M Aparecida
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Valmir F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Fontes
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000293:Adolescent; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004452:Echocardiography; D006335:Heart Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery