title: Prospective analysis of carotid artery flow in breast cancer patients treated with supraclavicular irradiation 8 or more years previously: no increase in ipsilateral carotid stenosis after radiation noted.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To the authors' knowledge, the effects of supraclavicular fossa radiation on the carotid artery are not well described. In the current study, the authors performed a prospective study to examine the long-term risk of carotid artery stenosis after supraclavicular irradiation for breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 46 breast cancer patients who were treated with adjuvant radiation to the supraclavicular fossa with >8 years of follow-up underwent bilateral Doppler imaging of the carotid artery. Two independent cardiologists interpreted each ultrasound study with no knowledge of which side was treated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up from the date of diagnosis was 14.6 years and the mean patient age at the time of ultrasound was 55 years. The median prescribed dose to the supraclavicular fossa was 50 grays. Four patients were found to have clinically relevant, asymptomatic carotid stenosis, for which a cardiology referral was necessary. Only 1 of these 4 patients had stenosis involving the irradiated carotid artery only; 1 patient had bilateral stenosis and 2 patients had only contralateral stenosis. There was no difference noted with regard to isolated ipsilateral versus contralateral medial intimal thickening of the carotid artery (5 patients vs 6 patients, respectively). Furthermore, there were no differences noted with regard to ipsilateral versus contralateral peak systolic flow in the internal (83.5 vs 85.6 cm/seconds; P= .522 by the Student t test and P= .871 by the signed rank test) or common (74.4 vs 77.0 cm/seconds; P= .462 by the Student t test and P= .246 by the signed rank test) carotid artery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this prospective study of breast cancer patients with long follow-up, there was no evidence of late, clinically relevant stenosis, increased intimal thickening, or increased peak systolic carotid artery flow secondary to supraclavicular irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. wwoodward@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Wendy A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.forename: Jean B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Strom
authors.forename: George H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arriaga
authors.forename: Delora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Domain
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Buchholz
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000528:radiation effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000528:radiation effects*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000528:radiation effects; D014465:Ultrasonics