title: Novel substituted (Z)-2-(N-benzylindol-3-ylmethylene)quinuclidin-3-one and (Z)-(+/-)-2-(N-benzylindol-3-ylmethylene)quinuclidin-3-ol derivatives as potent thermal sensitizing agents.
abstract: Use of ionizing radiation is essential for the management of many human cancers, and therapeutic hyperthermia has been identified as a potent radiosensitizer. Radiation therapy combined with adjuvant hyperthermia represents a potential tool to provide outstanding local-regional control for refractory disease. (Z)-(+/-)-2-(N-Benzylindol-3-ylmethylene)quinuclidin-3-ol (2) and (Z)-(+/-)-2-(N-benzenesulfonylindol-3-ylmethylene)quinuclidin-3-ol (4) were initially identified as potent thermal sensitizers that could lower the threshold needed for thermal sensitivity to radiation treatment. To define the structural requirements of the molecule that are essential for thermal sensitization, we have synthesized and evaluated a series of (Z)-2-(N-benzylindol-3-ylmethylene)quinuclidin-3-one (9), and (Z)-(+/-)-2-(N-benzylindol-3-ylmethylene)quinuclidin-3-ol (10) analogs that incorporate a variety of substituents in both the indole and N-benzyl moieties. These systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies were designed to further the development and optimization of potential clinically useful thermal sensitizing agents. The most potent analog was compound 10 (R(1)=H, R(2)=4-Cl), which potently inhibited (93% inhibition at 50 microM) the growth of HT-29 cells after a 41 degrees C/2h exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0082, USA.
authors.forename: Vijayakumar N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Sonar
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Thirupathi Reddy
authors.forename: Konjeti R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Sekhar
authors.forename: Soumya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasi
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Crooks
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011812:Quinuclidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: C525801:(Z)-2-(N-benzylindol-3-ylmethylene)quinuclidin-3-one; D011812:Quinuclidines; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; C090998:3-quinuclidinone