title: CADASIL in Arabs: clinical and genetic findings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is increasingly recognized as an inherited arterial disease leading to a step-wise decline and eventually to dementia. CADASIL is caused by mutations in NOTCH3 epidermal growth factor-like repeat that maps to chromosome 19. CADASIL cases have been identified in most countries of Western and Central Europe, the Americas, Japan, Australia, the Caribbean, South America, Tanzania, Turkey, South Africa and Southeast Asia, but not in Arabs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied three families from Saudi Arabia (Family A), Kuwait (Family B) and Yemen (Family C) with 19 individuals affected by CADASIL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of onset was 31 +/- 6 and the clinical presentation included stroke in 68%, subcortical dementia in 17% and asymptomatic leukoariosis detected by MRI in 15%. Migraine and depression were frequently associated, 38% and 68% respectively. The mean age of death was 56 +/- 11. All NOTCH3 exons were screened for mutations, which revealed the presence of previously reported mutations c.406C>T (p.Arg110>Cys) in two families (family A&B) and c.475C>T (p.Arg133>Cys) mutation in family C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CADASIL occurs in Arabs, with clinical phenotype and genotype similar to that in other ethnic groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. bohlega@kfshrc.edu.sa
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bohlega
authors.forename: Asmahan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Shubili
authors.forename: Abdulrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Edris
authors.forename: Abdulrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alreshaid
authors.forename: Thamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alkhairallah
authors.forename: M Walid
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: AlSous
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farah
authors.forename: Khaled K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Abu-Amero
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018912:Arabs; D046589:CADASIL / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007730:Kuwait; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D000071656:Receptor, Notch3; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000235:genetics*; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D015006:Yemen
chemical_list: C499374:NOTCH3 protein, human; D000071656:Receptor, Notch3; D051880:Receptors, Notch