title: Mitochondria in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination and neurodegeneration. Although the pathogenesis of MS is not completely understood, various studies suggest that immune-mediated loss of myelin and mitochondrial dysfunction are associated with the disease. Mitochondria are one of the main cellular sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and play a pivotal role in many neuro-pathological conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction leading to excessive production of ROS and RNS plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of MS, particularly in loss of myelin/oligodendrocyte complex. The present review summarizes critical role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of MS. Further understanding of the role of mitochondria in MS may provide rationale for novel approaches to this disease and development of novel therapeutic maneuvers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Institute of Mitochondrial Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. Pedram.Ghafourifar@osumc.edu
authors.forename: Pedram
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ghafourifar
authors.forename: Kazem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mousavizadeh
authors.forename: Mordhwaj S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Parihar
authors.forename: Rafal R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Nazarewicz
authors.forename: Arti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parihar
authors.forename: Woineshet J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Zenebe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D004249:DNA Damage; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds
chemical_list: D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide