title: Phase III double-blind trial of arzoxifene compared with tamoxifen for locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of arzoxifene with tamoxifen for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with estrogen- or progesterone-receptor-positive breast cancer who had not received prior systemic therapy, or who had relapsed more than 12 months after stopping adjuvant hormonal therapy, were randomly assigned to receive 20 mg arzoxifene or 20 mg tamoxifen daily. Each treatment arm was to have 240 patients enrolled. The primary end point was progression-free survival. Secondary end points included other measures of tumor response, overall survival, and safety.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enrollment was stopped when a planned interim analysis of the first 200 patients suggested arzoxifene to be significantly inferior to tamoxifen. The median progression-free survival for the 352 patients who had been randomly assigned when enrollment was stopped was 4.0 months (95% CI, 3.4 to 5.6 months) for the arzoxifene group and 7.5 months (95% CI, 5.9 to 8.8 months) for the tamoxifen group. On-study progression-free survival (P = .011) and time to treatment failure (P = .029) also favored tamoxifen. Overall tumor response rate and median response duration were comparable between the groups. Adverse events were similar between the treatments, except for nausea (more frequent with arzoxifene) and vaginal discharge (more frequent with tamoxifen).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tamoxifen produced significantly longer progression-free survival and time to treatment failure compared with arzoxifene in the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer. There were no significant differences between tumor response rate, clinical benefit rate, or median response duration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Karnataka, Bangalore, India. vldeshmane@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Vijayalaxmi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Deshmane
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthy
authors.forename: Allen S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Melemed
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Aman U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Buzdar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017698:Postmenopause; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000378:metabolism; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010880:Piperidines; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D013876:Thiophenes; D013629:Tamoxifen; C115121:LY 353381