title: Authentication and chemical study of isodonis herba and isodonis extracts.
abstract: Isodonis Herba is used as a Japanese dietary supplement and folk medicine. The extract of the herb (Isodonis extract) is also used as a food additive whose major compound is enmein (1). Here we compared internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA from Isodonis Herba available on the Japanese and Chinese crude drug markets, and found that the former derived from Isodon japonicus and Isodon trichocarpus, while the latter derived from distinct species such as Isodon eriocalyx. The liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry profiles of Isodonis Herba were classified into four chemotypes (A to D) according to the ratio of the major constituents. Types B and C contained 1 and oridonin (2) as major components, respectively. An intermediate (or mixed) form of types B and C in various ratios was designed type A. Type D contained eriocalyxin B (3) as its major component. Japanese herba were types A-C, while Chinese herba were types C and D. The commercial Isodonis extract products tested were classified as type D, suggesting that they originated from Chinese Herba. Understanding the relationship between extract constituents and DNA profiles is important for the official specification of dietary supplements and food additives of plant origin.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuroyanagi
authors.forename: Ik Hwi
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamakura
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goda
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry*; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000737:chemistry; D045786:Diterpenes, Kaurane / Q000737:chemistry; D005503:Food Additives / Q000737:chemistry*; D037602:Isodon / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010641:Phenotype; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D004224:Diterpenes; D045786:Diterpenes, Kaurane; D005503:Food Additives; D010936:Plant Extracts; C516552:eriocalyxin B; C011959:oridonin; C007594:enmein