title: Outcomes of patients with hepatitis B who developed antiviral resistance while on the liver transplant waiting list.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lamivudine has been shown to improve liver disease and survival of hepatitis B virus patients on the orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) waiting list, but liver failure might worsen in patients with drug resistance. Use of antiviral salvage therapy might decrease this risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from patients enrolled in the NIH HBV OLT cohort to study the effects of pretransplant antiviral therapy on transplant-free survival and survival without transplant. We also compared the clinical outcomes of those who did or did not develop antiviral failure (virologic breakthrough or genotypic resistance) while awaiting transplant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twenty-two eligible patients received antiviral therapy before OLT and were followed for a median of 40.5 months (range, 0.4-123.0 months) after initiation of antiviral therapy. Forty-four (36.1%) patients developed antiviral failure; all had lamivudine monotherapy as initial treatment. Forty-two patients started salvage therapy a median of 5 months after lamivudine failure; the median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was 12. Twenty-one (50%) patients had a full response to salvage therapy. Eleven (26.2%) patients had a suboptimal virologic response but remained clinically compensated. Antiviral failure was not a significant predictor of transplant or death (P = .09) or death without transplant (P = .39). Multivariate predictors of transplant or death were high MELD score, hepatocellular carcinoma, and low albumin. High MELD score and low albumin were predictors of death without transplant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antiviral failure in patients with HBV on the OLT waiting list did not impair clinical outcome if recognized early and if salvage therapy is promptly initiated.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.forename: Steven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Regev
authors.forename: Natalie H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Bzowej
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ishitani
authors.forename: Tram T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Anna S F
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lok
mesh_terms: D018450:Disease Progression; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000187:drug effects; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D014481:United States; D014850:Waiting Lists
chemical_list: D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019259:Lamivudine