title: Hand impairments and their relationship with manual ability in children with cerebral palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study hand impairments and their relationship with manual ability in children with cerebral palsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 101 children with cerebral palsy (mean age 10 years, age range 6-15 years) were assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three motor and 3 sensory impairments were measured on both hands. Motor impairments included grip strength (Jamar dynamometer), gross manual dexterity(Box and Block Test) and fine finger dexterity (Purdue Peg-board Test). Sensory impairments included tactile pressure detection (Semmes-Weinstein aesthesiometer), stereognosis(Manual Form Perception Test) and proprioception (passive mobilization of the metacarpophalangeal joints). Manual ability was measured with the ABILHAND-Kids questionnaire. The relationship between hand impairments and manual ability was studied through correlation coefficients and a multiple linear forward stepwise regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Motor impairments were markedly more prevalent than sensory ones. Gross manual dexterity on the dominant hand and grip strength on the non-dominant hand were the best independent predictors of the children's manual ability,predicting 58% of its variance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hand impairments and manual ability are not related in a predictable straightforward relationship. It is important that, besides hand impairments, manual ability is also measured and treated, as it is not simply the integration of hand functions in daily activities.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universite catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium.
authors.forename: Carlyne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arnould
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Penta
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Thonnard
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires