title: Influence of Nd:YAG and diode laser irradiation on apical sealing when associated with AH plus and EndoREZ endodontic cements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to evaluate the influence of Nd:YAG and diode laser irradiation on apical sealing when applied before root canal filling done with two different resin-based cements (AH Plus and EndoREZ).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Lasers have been widely used in endodontics. The morphologic changes in dentin walls caused by Nd:YAG and diode laser irradiation could improve sealing ability of endodontic cements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty canine teeth were analyzed by apical leakage of methylene blue dye and by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the filling's adaptation to the apical third dentin walls. The laser irradiation parameters for the Nd:YAG laser were 100 mJ, 15 Hz, and 1.5 W, and for the diode laser was 2.5 W (continuous mode).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The apical leakage results showed statistically significant differences at the 5% level of significance (Tukey's test, p < 0.05) among the different root canal wall treatments, independently of the root canal filling cement used. The cements also showed significant differences between them on the lased groups. The SEM analysis revealed better filling adaptation for AH Plus and the Nd:YAG laser group, confirming the microleakage results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that the combination of the Nd:YAG laser and AH Plus showed the best results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo, Brazil. caciomn@usp.br
authors.forename: Cacio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Moura-Netto
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Freitas Carvalho
authors.forename: Abilio Albuquerque Maranhão
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: de Moura
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Davidowicz
authors.forename: João Humberto
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Antoniazzi
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D006801:Humans; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D019279:Resin Cements; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000528:radiation effects; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; C481259:EndoRez; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D019279:Resin Cements; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer