title: Correlation of androgen receptor status, neuroendocrine differentiation and angiogenesis with time-to-biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy in clinically localized prostate cancer.
abstract: The aim of this study was to elucidate the prognostic value of the immunohistochemical detection of the androgen receptor (AR) status, the chromogranin A assessment of neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) and the CD34 assessment of microvessel density (MVD) with time-to-biochemical failure among surgically treated patients with clinically localized prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical specimens from 130 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer, treated with radical prostatectomy, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry on paraffin tissue sections. Full-length follow-up records were available for 94 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biochemical failure was observed in 37% of these patients. A statistically significant inverse relationship was observed between AR status and: (i) seminal vesicle invasion and (ii) surgical margin infiltration. Positive association was also detected between NED and: (i) Gleason's score, (ii) extracapsular extension, (iii) seminal vesicle invasion, (iv) surgical margin infiltration and (v) tumour volume. In addition, MVD was related to: (i) Gleason score, (ii) extracapsular extension, (iii) seminal vesicle invasion, (iv) pelvic lymph node metastasis and (v) tumour volume. Kaplan-Meier survival curves confirmed that Gleason score, extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion, pelvic lymph node metastasis, tumour volume, NED, MVD and coexistence of increased NED and MVD may be potential biochemical failure predictors. However, in the multivariate analysis, MVD was the only independent prognostic factor for biochemical failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high MVD index can estimate the risk for biochemical failure in clinically localized prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Kyriakos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Revelos
authors.forename: Constantina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Petraki
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scorilas
authors.forename: Stefanos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stefanakis
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malovrouvas
authors.forename: Nektarios
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alevizopoulos
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kanellis
authors.forename: Antonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Halapas
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koutsilieris
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000378:metabolism; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000473:pathology*; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: C410798:AR protein, human; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D053379:Chromogranin A; D011944:Receptors, Androgen