title: Proteomic biomarkers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from postmenopausal women undergoing an intervention with soy isoflavones.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of cardiovascular diseases increases after menopause, and soy consumption is suggested to inhibit disease development.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to identify biomarkers of response to a dietary supplementation with an isoflavone extract in postmenopausal women by proteome analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study with healthy postmenopausal woman was performed in a placebo-controlled sequential design. Peripheral mononuclear blood cells were collected from 10 volunteers after 8 wk of receiving daily 2 placebo cereal bars and after a subsequent 8 wk of intervention with 2 cereal bars each providing 25 mg of isoflavones. The proteome of the cells was visualized after 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and peptide mass fingerprinting served to identify proteins that by the intervention displayed altered protein concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine proteins were identified that showed significantly altered expression in the mononuclear blood cells under the soy-isoflavone intervention, including a variety of proteins involved in an antiinflammatory response. Heat shock protein 70 or a lymphocyte-specific protein phosphatase and proteins that promote increased fibrinolysis, such as alpha-enolase, were found at increased intensities, whereas those that mediate adhesion, migration, and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, such as galectin-1, were found at reduced intensities after soy extract consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proteome analysis identified in vivo markers that respond to a dietary intervention with isoflavone-enriched soy extract in postmenopausal women. The nature of the proteins identified suggests that soy isoflavones may increase the antiinflammatory response in blood mononuclear cells that might contribute to the atherosclerosis-preventive activities of a soy-rich diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Molecular Nutrition Unit, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vafeiadou
authors.forename: Wendy L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Hannelore
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Joyce H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Schroot
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wenzel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000737:chemistry*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D040901:Proteomics; D013025:Glycine max
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D007529:Isoflavones