title: Echocardiography in the intensive care unit: from evolution to revolution?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over recent decades, echocardiography has become a pivotal diagnostic tool for the assessment of patients with hemodynamic compromise in general intensive care units (ICUs). In addition to its imaging capability, echocardiography provides a detailed cardiovascular assessment, based on the combination of real-time two-dimensional evaluation of cardiac structure and function and hemodynamic information provided by Doppler measurement of blood flow velocity. However, despite its ease of use, portability and accuracy, the diffusion of echocardiography among ICUs has been limited by various factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We discuss here the main reasons for the slow acceptance by the critical care community of echocardiography as a first-line diagnostic tool for the evaluation of hemodynamically unstable patients. One of these reasons is probably the absence, in most countries, of a training program in echocardiography specifically dedicated to intensivists. We report recent French experience in the organization of specific echocardiographic certification aimed at intensivists and anesthesiologists. We strongly believe that a broader use of echocardiography would be beneficial in terms of diagnostic capability and patient management. Therefore, we would like to involve colleagues from other countries and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine in defining the objectives of echocardiography training for intensivists and in organizing postgraduate courses and training programs aimed at developing the use of echocardiography in ICUs. This would allow the current "evolution" in mentalities to become a true "revolution" in our daily practice.
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, 9, avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92104 Boulogne Cedex, France. antoine.vieillard-baron@apr.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vieillard-Baron
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Slama
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cholley
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Janvier
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vignon
mesh_terms: D002309:Cardiology / Q000193:education*; D003422:Critical Care / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends*; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic