title: Covalent modifications of histones during development and disease pathogenesis.
abstract: Covalent modifications of histones are central to the regulation of chromatin dynamics, and, therefore, many biological processes involving chromatin, such as replication, repair, transcription and genome stability, are regulated by chromatin and its modifications. In this review, we discuss the biochemical, molecular and genetic properties of the enzymatic machinery involved in four different types of histone modification: acetylation, ubiquitination, phosphorylation and methylation. We also discuss how perturbation of the activity of this enzymatic machinery can cause developmental defects and disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, USA
authors.forename: Sukesh R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bhaumik
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shilatifard
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004194:Disease; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008745:Methylation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D054875:Ubiquitination
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones