title: Effects of various protocols of ischemic preconditioning on rat tram flaps.
abstract: We used rat transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flaps to investigate whether the ischemic cycle duration and number of cycles influenced the effectiveness of ischemic preconditioning (IPC). First, the animals were divided into one control group and four treatment groups. Controls received no preconditioning; flaps with IPC were treated by two cycles of pedicel clamping and reperfusion for either 5 or 10 min. Then the best of IPC protocols in first part was selected, and flaps were subjected to one or three cycles of IPC before 4 h of normothermic ischemia. The preconditioned flap survival area had improved 2.5-3 times over that of the control area by postoperative day 7. Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK), water content, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in muscle were significantly decreased in the preconditioned groups after 4 h of reperfusion. Especially, 2 and 3 cycles of the 10/5-min combination were more effective than other protocols of IPC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Honggang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017568:Rectus Abdominis / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery*; D015424:Reperfusion; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D013997:Time Factors; D014022:Tissue Survival