title: Susceptibility of four species of turfgrass-infesting scarabs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis serovar japonensis strain Buibui.
abstract: Bacillus thuringiensis serovar japonensis strain Buibui experimental formulations containing Cry8Cal delta-endotoxin were evaluated in the field for the control of oriental beetle, Anomala orientalis Waterhouse; Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman; Asiatic garden beetle, Maladera castanea (Arrow); and European chafer, Rhizotrogus majalis (Razoumowsky) larvae infesting turfgrasses. In 17 fall applications, control of A. orientalis and P. japonica was achieved at rates as low as 100 g of toxin per ha; however, rates of 301 or 593 g/ha were consistently more effective. A. orientalis larvae were the most susceptible followed by P. japonica, R. majalis, and M. castanea. Two spring applications of 120 g of toxin per ha were not effective against oriental or Japanese beetles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences and Entomology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bixby
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Alm
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Power
authors.forename: Parwinder
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grewal
authors.forename: Stanley R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Swier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000378:metabolism; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000145:classification; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D007814:Larva / Q000145:classification; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D006109:Poaceae / Q000469:parasitology*; D011156:Population Density; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis