title: Post-transplant EBV-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma with dual rearrangement: a propos of two cases and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a recognized complication of the immunosuppressive regimens associated with solid organ transplantation. The vast majority of these lesions represent monomorphic B-cell lymphoproliferative disease. Rarely, however, T-cell malignancies may emerge, the commonest being anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL).
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe two patients who developed a post-transplant ALCL several years after transplantation. Comprehensive phenotypic and molecular studies were conducted. The technique of capillary gel electrophoresis was employed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient died of unrelated causes, while the other patient did achieve clinical remission. The neoplastic cell populace was composed of CD4-positive cytotoxic T cells exhibiting CD30 positivity. There were very few B cells. Striking and prominent clonally restricted infiltrates were identified whereby there was both a heavy chain and T-cell beta gene rearrangement. There was no evidence of lytic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  T-cell-associated PTLD does not appear to be directly attributable to EBV infection. Iatrogenic immune dysregulation may result in excessive T-cell proliferation to various antigenic stimuli, hence resembling other drug-associated cell lymphoproliferative conditions such as angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. The dual rearrangement may have some implications regarding the cell of origin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Weill Medical College Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA. cym2003@med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: Cynthia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Magro
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Weinerman
authors.forename: Pierre Luigi
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Porcu
authors.forename: Carl D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Morrison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D015326:Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain / Q000235:genetics*; D015333:Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor / Q000235:genetics*; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017728:Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012074:Remission Induction; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains