title: Emerging biological therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic inflammatory autoimmune disorder characterized by multisystem involvement and fluctuating disease activity. Symptoms range from rather mild manifestations such as rash or arthritis to life-threatening end-organ manifestations such as glomerulonephritis or thrombosis. Virtually every organ system is subject to potential damage. Symptoms typically wax and wane over the course of the disease; yet unfortunately, many patients will experience a slow decline in their health because of the ongoing systemic inflammation. Effective treatment must be individualized and is often based on the specific manifestations that are seen in each patient. In a similar manner, prognosis is also dependent on the severity and the specific organ systems involved.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Mount
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Gilliland
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D018951:Antigens, CD20 / Q000276:immunology; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D053264:B-Cell Activating Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D001691:Biological Therapy / Q000639:trends*; D040881:CD11a Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D018579:Patient Selection; D011379:Prognosis; D051918:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2 / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018951:Antigens, CD20; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D053264:B-Cell Activating Factor; D040881:CD11a Antigen; C497867:CD22 protein, human; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D051918:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D023201:CD40 Ligand