title: Influence of the HIPAA Privacy Rule on health research.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anecdotal reports suggest that the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Privacy Rule (HIPAA Privacy Rule) may be affecting health research in the United States.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To survey epidemiologists about their experiences with the HIPAA Privacy Rule.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen societies of epidemiology distributed a national Web-based survey; 2805 respondents accessed the survey Web site and 1527 eligible professionals anonymously answered questions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Responses related influences such as research delays and added cost after Privacy Rule implementation, frequency and type of Privacy Rule-related institutional review board modifications, level of difficulty obtaining deidentified data and waivers, experiences with multisite studies, and perceived participant privacy benefits under the rule. Respondents ranked their perceptions of Privacy Rule influence on 5-point Likert scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 875 (67.8%) respondents reported that the HIPAA Privacy Rule has made research more difficult at a level of 4 to 5 on a Likert scale, in which 5 indicates a great deal of added cost and time to study completion. A total of 684 (52.1%) of respondents identified a "most affected" protocol. Respondents indicated that the proportion of institutional review board applications in which the Privacy Rule had a negative influence on human subjects (participants) protection was significantly greater than the proportion in which it had a positive influence (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this national survey of clinical scientists, only a quarter perceived that the rule has enhanced participants' confidentiality and privacy, whereas the HIPAA Privacy Rule was perceived to have a substantial, negative influence on the conduct of human subjects health research, often adding uncertainty, cost, and delay.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA. repro@edc.pitt.edu
authors.forename: Roberta B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ness
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection; D004813:Epidemiology; D028744:Ethics Committees, Research; D020408:Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act; D006805:Human Experimentation / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D018907:Privacy; D035842:Research Subjects / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D014481:United States