title: Simulated microgravity activates MAPK pathways in fibroblasts cultured on microgrooved surface topography.
abstract: This study evaluated in vitro the differences in morphological behaviour between fibroblast cultured on smooth and microgrooved substrata (groove depth: 0.5 mum, width: 1 mum), which were subjected to simulated microgravity. The aim of the study was to clarify which of these parameters was more dominant to determine cell behaviour. Morphological characteristics were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy in order to obtain qualitative information on cell alignment. Expression of collagen type I, and alpha1-, beta1-, beta3-integrin were investigated by QPCR. Finally, immunoblotting was applied to visualise MAPK signalling pathways. Microscopy and image analysis showed that the fibroblasts aligned along the groove direction on all textured surfaces. On the smooth substrata, cells had spread out in a random fashion. The alignment of cells cultured on grooved surfaces under simulated microgravity, after 48 h of culturing appeared similar to those cultured at 1g, although cell shape was different. Analysis of variance proved that all main parameters: topography, gravity force, and time were significant. In addition, gene levels were reduced by simulated microgravity particularly those of beta3-integrin and collagen, however alpha-1 and beta-1 integrin levels were up-regulated. ERK1/2 was reduced in RPM, however, JNK/SAPK and p38 remained active. The members of the small GTPases family were stimulated under microgravity, particularly RhoA and Cdc42. The results are in agreement that application of microgravity to fibroblasts promotes a change in their morphological appearance and their expression of cell-substratum proteins through the MAPK intracellular signalling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Loesberg
authors.forename: X F
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Walboomers
authors.forename: J J W A
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van Loon
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jansen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020405:Dermis / Q000166:cytology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D039423:Integrin alpha1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D039661:Integrin beta3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014893:Weightlessness; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D039423:Integrin alpha1; D019012:Integrin beta1; D039661:Integrin beta3; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins