title: A new supervised classification algorithm in artificial immune systems with its application to carotid artery Doppler signals to diagnose atherosclerosis.
abstract: Because of its self-regulating nature, immune system has been an inspiration source for usually unsupervised learning methods in classification applications of Artificial Immune Systems (AIS). But classification with supervision can bring some advantages to AIS like other classification systems. Indeed, there have been some studies, which have obtained reasonable results and include supervision in this branch of AIS. In this study, we have proposed a new supervised AIS named as Supervised Affinity Maturation Algorithm (SAMA) and have presented its performance results through applying it to diagnose atherosclerosis using carotid artery Doppler signals as a real-world medical classification problem. We have employed the maximum envelope of the carotid artery Doppler sonograms derived from Autoregressive (AR) method as an input of proposed classification system and reached a maximum average classification accuracy of 98.93% with 10-fold cross-validation method used in training-test portioning. To evaluate this result, comparison was done with Artificial Neural Networks and Decision Trees. Our system was found to be comparable with those systems, which are used effectively in literature with respect to classification accuracy and classification time. Effects of system's parameters were also analyzed in performance evaluation applications. With this study and other possible contributions to AIS, classification algorithms with effective performances can be developed and potential of AIS in classification can be further revealed.
authors.affiliation: Selcuk University, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, 42075, Konya, Turkey. seral@selcuk.edu.tr
authors.forename: Seral
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozşen
authors.forename: Sadik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kara
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Latifoğlu
authors.forename: Salih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Güneş
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler