MRI of monocyte infiltration in an animal model of neuroinflammation using SPIO-labeled monocytes or free USPIO.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been applied to visualize monocyte infiltration with the use of intravenously injected ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO). However, USPIO uptake in vivo remains elusive, and the heterogeneous enhancement patterns observed by MRI point to multiple pathophysiological events. This study focused on specific imaging of monocyte infiltration into the brain by transfusion of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled monocytes in a rat model of neuroinflammation, experimentally induced photothrombosis (PT). At day 5 after lesion induction, animals were transfused with SPIO-labeled monocytes (5 x 10(6) cells) or free USPIO (17 mg Fe/kg). MRI was performed 24, 72 and, 120 h later. To investigate temporal changes directly after intravenous USPIO administration, MRI was performed repeatedly up to 8 h. Relaxation measurements showed that rat monocytes were efficiently labeled in vitro using SPIO (R2=12+/-0.9 s(-1)). After transfusion of SPIO-labeled monocytes, a significant increase in contrast enhanced area (340%+/-106%) in the PT lesion was observed not before 72 h. Contrast enhancement after USPIO injection increased up to 407%+/-39% at a much earlier point of time (24 h) and diminished thereafter. Repetitive MRI directly after USPIO injection showed significant contrast enhancement in the lesion within 2 h. Our study shows that MRI enables in vivo tracking of SPIO-labeled monocytes longitudinally. Moreover, our data suggest that contrast enhancement after injection of free USPIO does not primarily represent signals from peripherally labeled monocytes that migrated toward the inflammatory lesion. The use of SPIO-labeled monocytes provides a better tool to specifically assess the time window of monocyte infiltration.
Oude Engberink
Raoul D
RD
Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. raoul@invivonmr.uu.nl
Blezer
Erwin La
EL
Hoff
Erik I
EI
van der Pol
Susanne Ma
SM
van der Toorn
Annette
A
Dijkhuizen
Rick M
RM
de Vries
Helga E
HE
D000818:Animals; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D003287:Contrast Media; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D020767:Intracranial Thrombosis / Q000150:complications; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods
D003287:Contrast Media; D005290:Ferric Compounds; C000499:ferric oxide