title: Gene expression analysis of preinvasive and invasive cervical squamous cell carcinomas identifies HOXC10 as a key mediator of invasion.
abstract: If left untreated, a subset of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) of the cervix will progress to invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). To identify genes whose differential expression is linked to cervical cancer progression, we compared gene expression in microdissected squamous epithelial samples from 10 normal cervices, 7 HSILs, and 21 SCCs using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays. We identified 171 distinct genes at least 1.5-fold up-regulated (and P < 0.001) in the SCCs relative to HSILs and normal cervix samples. Differential expression of a subset of these genes was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemical staining of cervical tissue samples. One of the genes up-regulated during progression, HOXC10, was selected for functional studies aimed at assessing its role in mediating invasive behavior of neoplastic squamous epithelial cells. Elevated HOXC10 expression was associated with increased invasiveness of human papillomavirus-immortalized keratinocytes and cervical cancer-derived cell lines in both in vitro and in vivo assays. Cervical cancer cells with high endogenous levels of HOXC10 were less invasive after short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of HOXC10 expression. Our findings support a key role for the HOXC10 homeobox protein in cervical cancer progression. Other genes with differential expression in invasive SCC versus HSIL may contribute to tumor progression or may be useful as markers for cancer diagnosis or progression risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
authors.forename: Yali
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Rork
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuick
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nan
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Cornelia L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Trimble
authors.forename: Eric R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Fearon
authors.forename: Kathleen R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000378:metabolism; D002642:Chick Embryo; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C076138:Hox 3.6 protein, mouse