title: Effects of yeast and bran on phytate degradation and minerals in rice bread.
abstract: Rice bread is a potential alternative to wheat bread for gluten-sensitive individuals. Incorporation of rice bran into bread made from white rice flour adds flavor but also phytic acid, which can reduce the bioavailability of minerals. Breads with varied amounts of defatted bran and yeast were prepared to determine their effects on the phytate and mineral contents of the bread. A completely randomized factorial design was used with bran levels of 3.7%, 7.3%, and 10.5% of the dry ingredients and yeast levels of 1.6%, 3.2%, and 4.7%. Increasing the amount of bran decreased the phytate degradation from 42% at the lowest level of bran to 10% at the highest, and the amount of yeast had no significant effect. The bran contributed substantial amounts of magnesium, iron, and zinc. Breads with the lowest level of bran had phytate-to-zinc molar ratios between 5 and 10, which suggest medium zinc bioavailability. Rice bread is a tasty and nutritious food that is a good dietary source of minerals for people who cannot tolerate wheat bread.
authors.affiliation: Commodity Utilization, Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. rkadan@srrc.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kadan
authors.forename: B Q
authors.initials: BQ
authors.lastname: Phillippy
mesh_terms: D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis*; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000032:analysis; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D010833:Phytic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000737:chemistry*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry*; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D019266:Iron, Dietary; D008903:Minerals; D010833:Phytic Acid; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc