title: Over-expression of a gibberellin 2-oxidase gene from Phaseolus coccineus L. enhances gibberellin inactivation and induces dwarfism in Solanum species.
abstract: Gibberellins (GAs) are endogenous hormones that play a predominant role in regulating plant stature by increasing cell division and elongation in stem internodes. The product of the GA 2-oxidase gene from Phaseolus coccineus (PcGA2ox1) inactivates C(19)-GAs, including the bioactive GAs GA(1 )and GA(4), by 2beta-hydroxylation, reducing the availability of these GAs in plants. The PcGA2ox1 gene was introduced into Solanum melanocerasum and S. nigrum (Solanaceae) by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with the aim of decreasing the amounts of bioactive GA in these plants and thereby reducing their stature. The transgenic plants exhibited a range of dwarf phenotypes associated with a severe reduction in the concentrations of the biologically active GA(1) and GA(4). Flowering and fruit development were unaffected. The transgenic plants contained greater concentrations of chlorophyll b (by 88%) and total chlorophyll (11%), although chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents were reduced by 8 and 50%, respectively. This approach may provide an alternative to the application of chemical growth retardants for reducing the stature of plants, particularly ornamentals, in view of concerns over the potential environmental and health hazards of such compounds.
authors.affiliation: Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kourmpetli
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Power
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hedden
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Davey
mesh_terms: D016960:Agrobacterium tumefaciens / Q000235:genetics; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008957:Models, Genetic; D027805:Phaseolus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D032322:Solanum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005875:Gibberellins; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C121463:gibberellin 2-dioxygenase