Incorporating wound healing strategies to improve palliation (symptom management) in patients with chronic wounds.
BACKGROUND
Palliative wound care should be centered on symptom management and is a viable option for patients whose chronic wounds do not respond to standard interventions, or when the demands of treatment are beyond the patient's tolerance or stamina. Palliative wound care is the incorporation of strategies that prioritize symptomatic relief and wound improvement ahead of wound healing (total closure). Palliative wound care strategies must also work in conjunction with curative treatment objectives as wounds often heal completely in spite of serious illness and advanced disease. Palliative wound care is much more than pain, exudate and odor management. Common curative treatment goals such as physical correction of the underlying pathology, addressing nutrition and other supportive aspects of care, and sensible (nonharmful) local wound treatments should never be ignored.


OBJECTIVE
(1) To provide a fresh and effective approach to palliative wound care by integrating individual clinical expertise with clinical and laboratory evidence from the (curative) wound healing literature and (2) to share our (Calvary Hospital) experience and approach to palliative wound care in an inpatient, home, and outpatient setting. This approach can be summarized with the mnemonic S-P-E-C-I-A-L (S = stabilizing the wound, P = preventing new wounds, E = eliminate odor, C = control pain, I = infection prophylaxis, A = advanced, absorbent wound dressings, L = lessen dressing changes). Throughout this paper we will offer rationale, principles and recipes, for each of the steps of the "SPECIAL" approach in an effort to facilitate the caring for chronic wounds in palliative medicine.


CONCLUSIONS
A practical marriage of wound palliation (symptom management) with current wound healing concepts to provide options for the palliative care provider and improve the practice of palliative medicine.
Alvarez
Oscar M
OM
The Palliative Care Institute and The Center for Curative and Palliative Wound Care, Calvary Hospital, Bronx, New York 10461, USA. oalvarez@calvaryhospital.org
Kalinski
Cathy
C
Nusbaum
Jeanne
J
Hernandez
Luz
L
Pappous
Emanuel
E
Kyriannis
Charles
C
Parker
Rachelle
R
Chrzanowski
Gail
G
Comfort
Christopher P
CP
D001158:Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000517:prevention & control; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014647:Varicose Ulcer / Q000517:prevention & control; D014945:Wound Healing