title: Cyclooxygenase-2 promoter activation by the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor in breast cancer mcf-7 cells: repressive effects of conjugated linoleic acid.
abstract: The role of the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in transcriptional regulation of the human cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene remains elusive. We report that the AhR-ligands benzo[a]pyrene and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced transcription activity of COX-2 in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The TCDD-dependent activation of the COX-2 promoter was abrogated by mutation of 2 xenobiotic response elements (XREs) = CGTG). We found that TCDD stimulated the binding of the AhR to COX-2 and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) oligonucleotides containing consensus XREs. Conversely, the cotreatment with TCDD plus a mixture of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or selected CLA isomers prevented (CLAmix = t10,c12-CLA > c9,t11-CLA) the induction of transcription from the COX-2 promoter. The TCDD-induced binding of the AhR to COX-2 and CYP1A1 oligonucleotides was repressed by cotreatment with CLA (t10,c12-CLA > c9,t11-CLA), and the AhR antagonists, 3-methoxy-4-naphthoflavone, and resveratrol. We conclude that the AhR may be a suitable target for prophylactic strategies that target COX-2 expression.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mammary Gland Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Degner
authors.forename: Michael Q
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: Jennifer K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hockings
authors.forename: Donato F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Romagnolo
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; C445379:1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2