Tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in low-income and high-income countries.
We examined the incidence of and risk factors for tuberculosis during the first year of highly active antiretroviral therapy in low-income (4540 patients) and high-income (22,217 patients) countries. Although incidence was much higher in low-income countries, the reduction in the incidence of tuberculosis associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy was similar: the rate ratio for months 7-12 versus months 1-3 was 0.48 (95% confidence interval, 0.36-0.64) in low-income countries and 0.36 (95% confidence interval, 0.26-0.50) in high-income countries. A low CD4 cell count at the start of therapy was the most important risk factor in both settings.
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Berne, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Brinkhof
Martin W G
MW
Egger
Matthias
M
Boulle
Andrew
A
May
Margaret
M
Hosseinipour
Mina
M
Sprinz
Eduardo
E
Braitstein
Paula
P
Dabis
François
F
Reiss
Peter
P
Bangsberg
David R
DR
Rickenbach
Martin
M
Miro
Jose M
JM
Myer
Landon
L
Mocroft
Amanda
A
Nash
Denis
D
Keiser
Olivia
O
Pascoe
Margaret
M
van der Borght
Stefaan
S
Schechter
Mauro
M
D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D019049:Developed Countries / Q000191:economics; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology*
D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents