title: Sensitivity and specificity of nasal flexible fiberoptic endoscopy in the diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate nasal flexible fiberoptic endoscopy as a diagnostic test of adenoid hypertrophy in children with nasal obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty consecutive children aged 2-12 years were examined from May to October 2005. A questionnaire answered by parents or guardians was used to obtain a symptom score. Adenoid size was measured on radiographs of the nasal cavity using the Cohen and Konak method, and by nasal flexible fiberoptic endoscopy using the Wornald and Prescott classification. The criterion standard was the adenoid size demonstrated on radiograph.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity of nasal flexible fiberoptic endoscopy was 92% (95% CI, 0.90-0.93), and specificity, 71% (95% CI, 0.70-0.72). The area under the ROC curve was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.76-0.90) at a p<0.001 level of significance. Kappa values were 0.94 (p<0.001) for interobserver agreement, 0.95 (p<0.001) for intraobserver agreement, and 0.54 (p<0.001) for agreement between tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that nasal flexible fiberoptic endoscopy is a highly accurate diagnostic method. This examination can be performed easily in cooperative children; it is safe, objective and dynamic, and helps to establish diagnoses in difficult cases.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. cakindermann@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Christine Aparecida
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kindermann
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roithmann
authors.forename: José Faibes
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Lubianca Neto
mesh_terms: D000234:Adenoids / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis; D009666:Nose; D015588:Observer Variation; D011859:Radiography; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires