title: Conversion of cyclosporine to tacrolimus in stable renal allograft recipients: quantification of effects on the severity of gingival enlargement and hirsutism and patient-reported outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclosporine-induced side-effects such as gum enlargement and hirsutism potentially limit its effectiveness as a calcineurin-antagonist if these effects contribute to a lack of compliance. Although the differences in incidence of these effects are widely recognized, few studies are available to show the extent of reduced gum enlargement and hirsutism in patients converted from cyclosporine to tacrolimus. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety and patient-reported outcomes of such conversions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one consecutive cyclosporine-treated renal-transplant recipients with evidence of gingival enlargement were randomized into two arms: 10 continued to receive cyclosporine, 11 were converted to tacrolimus. Mean differences (0-3, 0-6, 0-9 and 0-12 months) in periodontal indices (gingival inflammation, plaque, pocket depth, gingival enlargement), hirsutism, serum creatinine and glucose and subjective differences in the patient's rating of disfigurement due to hirsutism and gingival enlargement were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in baseline periodontal scores between the two groups. Tacrolimus-treated subjects had significantly reduced pocket depth and gingival enlargement measures (Pocket Depths: -0.40 +/- 0.58 vs 0.30 +/- 0.35, P < 0.01; Gingival Enlargement Index: -1.12 +/- 0.83 vs-0.10 +/- 0.89, P < 0.05; tacrolimus vs cyclosporine, respectively), and decreased subjective disfigurement compared with the cyclosporine-treated group over the 12 months. While there was no difference in objective hirsutism scores between the two groups, tacrolimus-treated patients reported a significant improvement and cyclosporine-treated patients a significant worsening in their degree of disfigurement at the end of 12 months. There were no differences in creatinine or glucose levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus in stable renal-transplant recipients with cyclosporine-induced gingival enlargement can be achieved safely and with measurably good effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. rowan.walker@mh.org.au
authors.forename: Rowan G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cottrell
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: Rosamaria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tripodi
authors.forename: Kathy M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Nicholls
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Varigos
authors.forename: Belinda E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Butcher
mesh_terms: D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005882:Gingival Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006628:Hirsutism / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D016559:Tacrolimus