DP IV/CD26, APN/CD13 and related enzymes as regulators of T cell immunity: implications for experimental encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Peptidases like dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, CD26) and aminopeptidase N (APN, CD13) play a regulatory role in T cell activation and represent potential targets for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Synthetic inhibitors of DP IV and/or APN enzymatic activity induce production of the immunosuppressive cytokine TGF-beta1 and subsequently suppress DNA synthesis and Th1 cytokine production of activated human T cells. Compelling evidence has demonstrated that IL-17-producing CD4 cells (Th17) are a major contributor to the pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammation. Here, we report that inhibitors of DP IV-like activity as well as of APN activity inhibit IL-17 production in activated human and mouse T cells. Combining inhibitors of DP IV and APN increases the suppressive effect on T cell specific IL-17 production in vitro compared to a single peptidase inhibitor. In the following, we summarize the evidence for the role of both ectoenzymes in T cell activation in vitro and in vivo and provide a rationale for the use of combined or dual ectopeptidase inhibitors to treat autoimmune diseases like MS.
Reinhold
Dirk
D
Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany. dirk.reinhold@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de
Bank
Ute
U
Täger
Michael
M
Ansorge
Siegfried
S
Wrenger
Sabine
S
Thielitz
Anja
A
Lendeckel
Uwe
U
Faust
Jürgen
J
Neubert
Klaus
K
Brocke
Stefan
S
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D018826:CD13 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004679:Encephalomyelitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020381:Interleukin-17; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D018826:CD13 Antigens; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4