title: Molecular cloning and functional characterization of porcine nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-1 (NOD1) recognizing minimum agonists, meso-diaminopimelic acid and meso-lanthionine.
abstract: In this study, we isolated a complementary DNA encoding nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-1 (NOD1) from Peyer's patches (Pps) of swine gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). The complete open reading frame of porcine NOD1 contains 2862 bp, encoding a 953-amino acid polypeptide. The porcine NOD1 amino acid sequence is more closely related to the human sequence (83.8% identity) than the mouse counterpart (79.2% identity). To examine the subcellular expression and function of porcine NOD1, we overexpressed it in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Immunostaining with an anti-porcine NOD1 polyclonal antibody revealed that the protein was expressed in transfectants as an intracellular membrane-bound molecule. In the transfected cells, both gamma-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid, and meso-diaminopimelic acid and meso-lanthionine activated nuclear factor-kappa B. Quantitative real-time PCR detected NOD1 mRNA in multiple tissues isolated from adult and newborn swine, including the esophagus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ileal Pps, colon, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes. In the newborn and adults, NOD1 was highly expressed in the esophagus and GALT, such in the ileal Pps and mesenteric lymph nodes. Furthermore, Toll-like receptor and NOD1 ligands as well as immunobiotic lactic acid bacteria enhanced the expression of NOD1 in GALT of adult and newborn swine. Our results should help clarify how the intestinal immune system is modulated by low-molecular weight peptidoglycan fragments through NOD1.
authors.affiliation: Food Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aobaku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tohno
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimazu
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aso
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukase
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitazawa
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003960:Diaminopimelic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000378:metabolism; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D013440:Sulfides; D003960:Diaminopimelic Acid; C001520:lanthionine; D000409:Alanine