title: Effects of cyanobacterial crude extracts from Planktothrix agardhii on embryo-larval development of medaka fish, Oryzias latipes.
abstract: Embryonic toxicity from exposure to microcystins, cyclic hepatotoxic heptapeptides from cyanobacteria, receives increasing attention as a public human health biohazard. Using a microinjection technology, we have introduced cyanobacterial extracts from Planktothrix agardhii directly into the vitellus of late neurula embryos (stage 19) of medaka (Oryzias latipes). Microinjection (2 nL) of P. agardhii PMC 75.02 extract containing microcystins (MC) resulted in a dose-dependent mortality of embryos. Survival rates were reduced up to 81% with extract concentrations of 10 mg mL(-1) (EC(50)=7.8 microg mL(-1)). On the other hand, injection of P. agardhii PMC 87.02 extract in which no microcystin could be detected resulted in much less embryonal toxicity (EC(50)=460 microg mL(-1)). In addition, advanced embryonic hatching processing was limited with PMC 75.02 crude extract and less obvious than had been described with pure MC-LR injections. In agreement with the known hepatotoxic effects of microcystin, embryos injected with PMC 75.02 extract consistently displayed hepatobiliary abnormalities. Loss of glycogen content of the hepatocytes and hepatic haemorrhage were evidenced in surviving post-hatching juveniles. Thus, the methodology presented in this paper should be a valuable tool to analyse the effects of crude extracts of cyanobacterial toxins on the development of aquatic vertebrate embryos.
authors.affiliation: USM 0505/EA 4105 Ecosystèmes et Interactions Toxiques, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lecoz
authors.forename: Mélodie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malécot
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quiblier
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Puiseux-Dao
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crespeau
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edery
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D000458:Cyanobacteria; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D005399:Fishes / Q000196:embryology; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D052998:Microcystins / Q000633:toxicity*; D009990:Oryzias / Q000196:embryology
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins