title: Management of relapsed and relapsed refractory myeloma.
abstract: Studies of bortezomib, thalidomide, and lenalidomide have shown promising clinical activity in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Bortezomib alone and in combination with other agents is associated with high response rates, consistently high rates of complete response, and a predictable and manageable profile of adverse events. Thalidomide-based regimens have also shown substantial clinical activity. The accumulating experience from ongoing trials of bortezomib/lenalidomide/dexamethasone combinations in patients who have relapsed/refractory or newly diagnosed MM will provide critical information that will determine the possible role of this combination as the basic backbone for combination regimens for management of advanced MM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Therapeutics, University of Athens, School of Medicine, 227 Kifissias Avenue, 14561 Kifissia, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Efstathios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kastritis
authors.forename: Constantine S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Mitsiades
authors.forename: Meletios A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dimopoulos
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000069286:Bortezomib; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077269:Lenalidomide; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001897:Boronic Acids; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D011719:Pyrazines; D013792:Thalidomide; D000069286:Bortezomib; D000077269:Lenalidomide