title: A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the matrix metalloproteinase-1 promoter enhances bladder cancer susceptibility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the association between the promoter polymorphism (that influences the transcriptional level) of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1, associated with tumour cell invasion and metastasis) and bladder cancer in a Turkish population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MMP-1 polymorphism was assessed in 102 transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder (50 Ta, 52 T2-4) and in 94 age-, smoking- and gender-matched healthy volunteers. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to determine the MMP-1 genotypes. Genomic DNA used for the assay was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of the MMP-1 2G/2G genotype, which results in the highest MMP-1 transcriptional level, was compared to that of the 1G/1G plus 1G/2G genotypes. Of the 102 cases with bladder cancer, 49 (48%) showed the 2G/2G genotype, whereas it was found in 22 of the 94 controls (23%); this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01; odds ratio 2.79, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.53-5.60). However, there was no significant association between the 2G/2G genotype and tumour grade and pathological stage. We assessed the interaction between smoking status (former and current smokers, by their median pack years) and 2G/2G genotype; there was a significantly increased risk in heavy smokers (P < 0.001; odds ratio 3.21; 95% CI 1.33-5.60).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the MMP-1 promoter polymorphism might be linked to susceptibility for bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Research and Teaching Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Tasci
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tugcu
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozbek
authors.forename: Bedi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ozbay
authors.forename: Abdulmuttalip
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simsek
authors.forename: Vedat
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Koksal
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1