title: We still need to operate at night!
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the past the National Confidential Enquiry into Peri-operative deaths (NCEPOD) have advocated a reduction in non-essential night-time operating in NHS hospitals. In this study a retrospective analysis of the emergency general surgical operative workload at a London Teaching centre was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  All general surgical and vascular emergency operations recorded prospectively on the theatre database between 1997 and 2004 were included in the study. Operations were categorised according to whether they commenced during the daytime(08:01-18:00 hours), evening(18:01-00:00 hours) or night-time(00:01-08:00 hours). The procedure type and grade of the participating surgical personnel were also recorded. Bivariate correlation was used to analyse changing trends in the emergency workload.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total 5,316 emergency operations were performed over the study period. The numbers of daytime, evening and night-time emergency procedures performed were 2,963(55.7%), 1,832(34.5%), and 521(9.8%) respectively. Laparotomies and complex vascular procedures collectively accounted for half of all cases performed after midnight whereas they represented only 30% of the combined daytime and evening emergency workload. Thirty-two percent (n = 166) of all night-time operations were supervised or performed by a consultant surgeon. The annual volume of emergency cases performed increased significantly throughout the study period. Enhanced daytime (r = 0.741, p < 0.01) and evening (r = 0.548, p < 0.01) operating absorbed this increase in workload. There was no significant change in the absolute number of cases performed at night but the proportion of the emergency workload that took place after midnight decreased significantly throughout the study (r = -0.742, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A small but consistent volume of complex cases require emergency surgery after midnight. Provision of an emergency general surgical service must incorporate this need.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK. omarfaiz@aol.com.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Faiz
authors.forename: Saswata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Paris
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tekkis
authors.forename: Savvas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papagrigoriadis
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rennie
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leather