title: Transient genome-wide transcriptional response to low-dose ionizing radiation in vivo in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The in vivo effects of low-dose low linear energy transfer ionizing radiation on healthy human skin are largely unknown. Using a patient-based tissue acquisition protocol, we have performed a series of genomic analyses on the temporal dynamics over a 24-hour period to determine the radiation response after a single exposure of 10 cGy.
  
  
  METHODS
  RNA from each patient tissue sample was hybridized to an Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 array. Data analysis was performed on selected gene groups and pathways.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen gene groups and seven gene pathways that had been shown to be radiation responsive were analyzed. Of these, nine gene groups showed significant transient transcriptional changes in the human tissue samples, which returned to baseline by 24 hours postexposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low doses of ionizing radiation on full-thickness human skin produce a definable temporal response out to 24 hours postexposure. Genes involved in DNA and tissue remodeling, cell cycle transition, and inflammation show statistically significant changes in expression, despite variability between patients. These data serve as a reference for the temporal dynamics of ionizing radiation response following low-dose exposure in healthy full-thickness human skin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Susanne R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Rocke
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Chad W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Schwietert
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.forename: Robin L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Christine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hartmann Siantar
authors.forename: Zelanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D015894:Genome, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D018499:Linear Energy Transfer; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000528:radiation effects; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015854:Up-Regulation