title: Antidepressant effects of augmentative transcranial magnetic stimulation: randomised multicentre trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed as a new treatment option for depression. Previous studies were performed with low sample sizes in single centres and reported heterogeneous results.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy of rTMS as augmentative treatment in depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled multicentre trial 127 patients with moderate to severe depressive episodes were randomly assigned to real or sham stimulation for 3 weeks in addition to simultaneously initiated antidepressant medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no difference in the responder rates of the real and the sham treatment groups (31% in each) or in the decrease of the scores on the depression rating scales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data do not support previous reports from smaller samples indicating an augmenting or accelerating antidepressant effect of rTMS. Further exploration of the possible efficacy of other stimulation protocols or within selected sub-populations of patients is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zürich, Lenggstrasse 31, Zürich, Switzerland. uwe.herwig@puk.zh.ch
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Herwig
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fallgatter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Höppner
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Eschweiler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kron
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hajak
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Padberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naderi-Heiden
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Abler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eichhammer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grossheinrich
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kammer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Langguth
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laske
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Plewnia
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Unterecker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zinke
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spitzer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schönfeldt-Lecuona
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents