title: Efficacy and safety of great saphenous vein sclerotherapy using standardised polidocanol foam (ESAF): a randomised controlled multicentre clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety and efficacy of sclerotherapy of the great saphenous vein (GSV) comparing standardised polidocanol foam to liquid polidocanol in a randomised controlled trial (RCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial was carried out in which saphenous trunks were treated by sclerotherapy. 106 patients with primary varicose veins due to an incompetent GSV were treated with either standardised 3% polidocanol foam or 3% liquid polidocanol. The primary efficacy criterion was elimination of reflux (<0.5 sec) measured 3 cm below the sapheno-femoral junction (SFJ) by duplex ultrasonography 3 months after the last injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly greater number of patients were successfully treated by foam sclerotherapy resulting in 69% elimination of reflux compared to 27% patients treated with liquid sclerosant. The secondary endpoints of vein occlusion, reflux time, refilling time and patient satisfaction also improved significantly more in the foam group. The mean number of treatment sessions was 1.3 in the foam group compared to 1.6 in the liquid group. Differences between study centres occurred with a mean of 96% reflux elimination in 6 centres versus 39% in 4 other centres. Centres with a high response rate injected a higher mean volume (4.3 vs. 3.6 ml) in the first session in a vein with a smaller diameter (7.5 mm vs. 8.4 mm). No difference in adverse drug reactions was observed between treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standardised 3% polidocanol foam is more efficient and equally safe compared to 3% liquid polidocanol for treatment of GSV. In comparison to other studies a relatively small volume was injected into relatively large veins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Bonn, Germany. Eberhard.Rabe@ukb.uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rabe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schliephake
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pannier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols