title: Transmigrant impacted mandibular canines: a retrospective study of 15 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transmigration of mandibular canines across the midline is rare. The authors describe the clinical and radiologic characteristics of patients with transmigrant impacted mandibular canines.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors conducted a retrospective observational study of 14 patients with transmigrant canines. They diagnosed transmigrant canines in all of the patients on the basis of the clinical and radiological findings, and they obtained the data from the patients' case histories and panoramic radiographs. They considered a canine to be transmigrant when one-half or more of its length crossed the mandibular midline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 15 transmigrated canines in 14 patients aged 16 to 60 years. Primary canines were present in 10 cases. One case involved a pericoronal infection, two involved supernumerary teeth, one was associated with an odontoma, and in two a pericoronal radiolucency was seen that was compatible with a follicular cyst. Treatment consisted of surgical extraction for eight patients, and periodic clinical and radiologic follow-up visits for six patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiographic examination is necessary to diagnose impacted transmigrant canines, among other anomalies. Surgical extraction is the treatment of choice for patients with transmigrant canines involving associated pathology. In some cases, the management of asymptomatic impaction can be limited to periodic clinical and follow-up visits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The absence of the permanent canine within the arch beyond the normal time of eruption suggests the presence of an impacted canine. A transmigrant canine may develop an associated pathology.
authors.affiliation: Oral Surgery and Implantology, University of Barcelona Dental School, Centro Médico Teknon, c/Vilana 12, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: González-Sánchez
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berini-Aytés
authors.forename: Cosme
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gay-Escoda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003481:Cuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014079:Tooth Eruption, Ectopic / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D014085:Tooth Migration / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D014095:Tooth, Impacted / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery