title: Evaluation of diabetes determinants in woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha).
abstract: Woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha) are a threatened specie in the wild with limited successful management in captivity due to diagnosed hypertension and suspected diabetic conditions. Six woolly monkeys with known hypertension problems were tested to determine if diabetes mellitus and current daily diet are underlying links to health problems for the captive population of this species. Blood and urine were collected and serum was analysed for fructosamine, glucose, glycated haemoglobin, insulin, triacylglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Chol) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Chol) while urine was tested for glucose concentrations. Diet disappearance was determined for 3 days prior to blood collection and nutrient content was calculated using Zoo Diet Analysis computer program. Serum analyses were within normal ranges (fructosamine (139-242 micromol/l), glucose (2.22-4.78 mmol/l), glycated haemoglobin (3.52-4.73%), insulin (6.2-13.0 microU/ml), triacylglycerides (0.38-3.4 mmol/l), total cholesterol (2.5-5.1 mmol/l), HDL-Chol (0.4-1.6 mmol/l) and LDL-Chol (1.8-3.4 mmol/l)). Urine glucose concentrations were below the detection limit. Diets were not limiting in starch and total sugars and were similar in non-starch polysaccharides. Potential dietary deficiencies were noted for vitamin A, vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus and selenium. When compared with the available primate reference ranges, the results do not indicate problems with diabetes mellitus or with glucose metabolism and therefore they are not causes of the diagnosed hypertension. Further research to ascertain the true cause of health related problems and the role of dietary factors is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621, USA. kim_ange@ncsu.edu
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Ange-van Heugten
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: M W A
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Verstegen
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Ferket
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Heugten
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo; D053819:Atelinae / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine / Q000662:veterinary*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000652:urine