title: Resident exposure to critical patients in a pediatric emergency department.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesize that nonpediatric and pediatric residents are exposed to a very low percentage of critically ill patients in a high-volume children's hospital emergency department (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review of resident-patient encounters during a 1-year period using a patient tracking system. Critically ill patients included those who were triaged as "critical," died in the ED, or admitted to the intensive care unit. Descriptive data are presented as means +/- SD, frequencies, and percentages. Analysis of variance was used for continuous data and the chi test for categorical data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3048 (4.2% of the total ED volume) critically ill patients with a mean age of 6 (+/- 5.6) years were evaluated. One hundred four emergency medicine (EM) residents were involved in the care of 903 (30%), 136 pediatric residents managed 2003 (65%), and 36 family medicine residents managed 142 (5%) critically ill patients. There was no significant difference in the mean age of evaluated patients compared by type of training program. On average, EM residents evaluated 5 patients per 10 shifts compared with pediatric residents ([9 patients per 10 shifts] P < 0.0001). Unlike pediatric residents, the number of patients cared for by EM or family medicine residents did not increase with the level of resident training. Sixty-seven life-saving procedures were performed, of which 32 (48%) were cardiopulmonary resuscitations and 35 (52%) were intubations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pediatric and nonpediatric residents who rotate through a high-volume children's hospital ED are exposed to a very low number of critically ill children. Other educational formats, such as mock resuscitations or standardized patient encounters, may be required to correct this deficit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4283, USA. esther.chen@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Esther H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Christine S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Frances S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Shofer
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Jill M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Baren
mesh_terms: D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005194:Family Practice / Q000193:education; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education*; D015143:Philadelphia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies