title: Rise and fall of species occupancy in Cenozoic fossil mollusks.
abstract: In the time between speciation and extinction, a species' ecological and biogeographic footprint-its occupancy-will vary in response to macroecological drivers and historical contingencies. Despite their importance for understanding macroecological processes, general patterns of long-term species occupancy remain largely unknown. We documented the occupancy histories of Cenozoic marine mollusks from New Zealand. For both genera and species, these show a distinct pattern of increase to relatively short-lived peak occupancy at mid-duration, followed by a decline toward extinction. Thus, species at greatest risk for extinction are those that have already been in decline for a substantial period of time. This pattern of protracted rise and fall stands in contrast to that of incumbency, insofar as species show no general tendency to stay near maximal occupancy once established.
authors.affiliation: Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. mfoote@uchicago.edu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Foote
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Crampton
authors.forename: Alan G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Beu
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Phillip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: Iain
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matcham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D005075:Biological Evolution; D053476:Extinction, Biological; D005580:Fossils; D008974:Mollusca; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012623:Seawater; D013995:Time