title: Cytosolic phospholipase A2 and arachidonic acid metabolites modulate ventilator-induced permeability increases in isolated mouse lungs.
abstract: We previously reported that the cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA2) pathway is involved in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) produced by high peak inflation pressures (PIP) (J Appl Physiol 98: 1264-1271, 2005), but the relative contributions of the various downstream products of cPLA2 on the acute permeability response were not determined. Therefore, we investigated the role of cPLA2 and the downstream products of arachidonic acid metabolism in the high-PIP ventilation-induced increase in vascular permeability. We perfused isolated mouse lungs and measured the capillary filtration coefficient (K(fc)) after 30 min of ventilation with 9, 25, and 35 cmH2O PIP. In high-PIP-ventilated lungs, K(fc) increased significantly, 2.7-fold, after ventilation with 35 cmH2O PIP compared with paired baseline values and low-PIP-ventilated lungs. Also, increased phosphorylation of lung cPLA2 suggested enzyme activation after high-PIP ventilation. However, treatment with 40 mg/kg arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (an inhibitor of cPLA2) or a combination of 30 microM ibuprofen [a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor], 100 microM nordihydroguaiaretic acid [a lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitor], and 10 microM 17-octadecynoic acid (a cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase inhibitor) prevented the high-PIP-induced increase in K(fc). Combinations of the inhibitors of COX, LOX, or cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase did not prevent significant increases in K(fc), even though bronchoalveolar lavage levels of the COX or LOX products were significantly reduced. These results suggest that multiple mediators from each pathway contribute to the acute ventilator-induced permeability increase in isolated mouse lungs by mutual potentiation.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Physiology, MSB 3074, College of Medicine, Univ. of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
authors.forename: Takashige
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyahara
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamanaka
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Mircea
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anghelescu
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: Judy A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009637:Masoprocol / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000378:metabolism; D054510:Phospholipases A2, Cytosolic / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; C081565:arachidonyltrifluoromethane; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D009637:Masoprocol; D054510:Phospholipases A2, Cytosolic; D007052:Ibuprofen