title: Decreasing CD4+ T-cell count during suppressed or low-level viraemia in patients with HIV infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Suboptimal improvement in CD4+ T-cell count is not uncommon in HIV-infected patients with suppressed plasma HIV RNA levels, and a decrease in CD4+ T-cell count in patients with suppressed or low-level viraemia has been observed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our objectives were to identify the prevalence of decreasing CD4+ T-cell counts during suppressed or low-level viraemia, to determine the frequency of clinical events during and immediately after such decreases, and to examine for associations with individual variables. A matched case-control study was undertaken using the Duke Infectious Diseases Clinic database (n = 3,949). Cases had at least two consecutive significant decreases in either CD4+ absolute count or CD4+ percentage, while also having plasma HIV RNA levels < 1,000 copies/ml.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of decreasing CD4+ T-cell counts during suppressed or low-level viraemia was 1.22%. Only three HIV-associated clinical events occurred. The majority of cases had an increase in the CD4+ T-cell count immediately following the study period. The use of either zidovudine or stavudine was weakly associated with decreasing CD4+ T-cell counts in a multivariable analysis, but this association was not present in cases with only a decrease in CD4+ T-cell percentage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreasing CD4+ T-cell counts during suppressed or low-level viraemia are rare, typically transient, and not associated with an increase in HIV-associated clinical events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Centre, Durham, NC, USA. aande2@emory.edu
authors.forename: Albert M L
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Andrzej S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kosinski
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bartlett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV / Q000502:physiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018119:Stavudine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019562:Viral Load; D014766:Viremia; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral; D015215:Zidovudine; D018119:Stavudine