title: Increased risk of oral cancer in diabetic animals is not associated with c-jun activation pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The expression of oncogenic protein c-jun was investigated in an experimental model of chemically induced carcinogenesis in normal and diabetic (type I) Sprague-Dawley rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen diabetic and twelve normal rats developed cancer after 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide treatment, while six diabetic and six normal animals were used as controls. The biopsies were classified pathologically from oral mucosal dysplasia to moderately differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and studied immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibody against c-jun protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher c-jun levels were observed in non-cancerous and precancerous stages of normal rats compared with diabetic rats, while in different tumour stages, the expression of c-jun was practically identical for both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems that diabetes does not affect the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-jun pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece. lvairakt@med.uoa.gr
authors.forename: Eleftherios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vairaktaris
authors.forename: Lambros
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goutzanis
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kalokerinos
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vassiliou
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spyridonidou
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Avgoustidis
authors.forename: Pashalis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Strantzias
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazaris
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Papageorgiou
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ragos
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yapijakis
authors.forename: Efstratios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Patsouris
mesh_terms: D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy; D002273:Carcinogens; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000235:genetics*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases