title: Sarcalumenin alleviates stress-induced cardiac dysfunction by improving Ca2+ handling of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sarcalumenin (SAR) is a Ca(2+)-binding protein expressed in the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of striated muscle cells. Although its Ca(2+)-binding property is similar to that of calsequestrin, its role in the regulation of Ca(2+) cycling remains unclear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To investigate whether SAR plays an important role in maintaining cardiac function under pressure overload stress, SAR-knockout (SAR-KO) mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). To examine the relation of SAR with cardiac type of SR Ca(2+) pump, SERCA2a, we designed cDNA expression using cultured cells. We found that SAR expression was significantly downregulated in hypertrophic hearts from three independent animal models. SAR-KO mice experienced higher mortality than did wild-type (WT) mice after TAC. TAC significantly downregulated SERCA2a protein but not mRNA in the SAR-KO hearts, whereas it minimally did so in hearts from WT mice. Accordingly, SR Ca(2+) uptake and cardiac function were significantly reduced in SAR-KO mice after TAC. Then we found that SAR was co-immunoprecipitated with SERCA2a in cDNA-transfected HEK293T cells and mouse ventricular muscles, and that SERCA2a-mediated Ca(2+) uptake was augmented when SAR was co-expressed in HEK293T cells. Furthermore, SAR significantly prolonged the half-life of SERCA2a protein in HEK293T cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that functional interaction between SAR and SERCA2a enhances protein stability of SERCA2a and facilitates Ca(2+) sequestration into the SR. Thus the SAR-SERCA2a interaction plays an essential role in preserving cardiac function under biomechanical stresses such as pressure overload.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Miei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimura
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minamisawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeshima
authors.forename: Qibin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Yunzhe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Umemura
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; C070323:sarcalumenin; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D002118:Calcium