title: Effect of pure curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin on WT1 gene expression in leukemic cell lines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Leukemias are groups of hematological malignancies with high incidence and mortality rates in patients worldwide. There have been shown in many studies that Wilms' tumor1 (WT1) gene were highly expressed in leukemic blast cells. Curcuminoids, major active components of the spice turmeric, are well known for its anticancer. Curcuminoids consist of pure curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. In this study, the effect of each curcuminoids'components on WT1 gene expression in leukemic cell lines (K562, HL60, U937, and Molt4) was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The levels of WT1 mRNA and WT1 protein in leukemic cell lines were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that the WT1 mRNAs were detected in all 4 types of leukemic cell lines. However, the WT1 protein levels were found only in the cell lines K562 and Molt4. Pure curcumin exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on WT1 mRNA and WT1 protein expression. The treatment of leukemic cell lines with non-cytotoxic doses (5, 10, and 15 microM) of pure curcumin for 2 days reduced the level of WT1 mRNA expression and WT1 protein in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, pure curcumin at 10 microM significantly decreased the level of WT1 mRNA and protein in a time-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pure curcumin, an excellent curcuminoid derivative, decreased WT1 gene expression in both transcriptional and translational levels. Thus, pure curcumin is one of a potential chemotherapeutic agent used for treatment of human leukemia. However, its chemotherapeutic property will need to be studied more in future.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Microscopy, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. sanuchapreeda@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Songyot
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anuchapreeda
authors.forename: Singkome
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tima
authors.forename: Chadarat
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duangrat
authors.forename: Pornngarm
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Limtrakul
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D030024:Curcuma / Q000737:chemistry*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036381:Diarylheptanoids; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D007938:Leukemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020298:U937 Cells; D025721:WT1 Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D036381:Diarylheptanoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D025721:WT1 Proteins; D003474:Curcumin; C050229:demethoxycurcumin