title: Fracture, osteosynthesis, union of fractured bones - historical reflections.
abstract: This article presents the review of the achievement and progress in fracture treatment from ancient ages till XXth century. There was shown the development of the conservative treatment - creating the suitable immobilizing splints, casts and the first surgical procedures, equipment, plates, screws, nails for the osteosynthesis. Besides there were presented the first observations and remarks of former researcher on biology of the fracture healing process.
authors.affiliation: Katedra Chirurgii Urazowej, Leczenia Oparzeń i Chirurgii Plastycznej, Akademia Medyczna im. Karola Marcinkowskiego, Poznań
authors.forename: Bartosz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mańkowski
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Słowiński