title: Simulated pediatric trauma team management: assessment of an educational intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Trauma is the leading cause of death in children. The quality of initial medical care received by injured children contributes to outcomes. Our objective was to assess effectiveness of an educational intervention on performance of emergency department (ED) teams during simulated pediatric trauma resuscitations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, preinterventional and postinterventional study was performed on a random, convenience sample of 17% of EDs in North Carolina. An unannounced simulated pediatric trauma resuscitation was conducted at each site, followed by an educational intervention and a second visit 6 months later. The key outcome measure was team performance on a clinical assessment tool previously described that included 44 resuscitation tasks deemed critical to appropriate management of pediatric trauma resuscitation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 18 sites consented and completed the study. Interrater reliability was excellent, weighted kappa = 0.80 (95% confidence interval, 0.76-0.84). After the educational intervention, the mean (+/- SD) number of the 44 tasks passed by each ED team increased from 17.7 +/- 4.3 to 26.6 +/- 5.8 (P < 0.001). At the individual task level, the scores on 37 (84%) of the 44 tasks improved, of which 11 (25%) of the 44 tasks improved significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that an on-site educational intervention was effective in improving the performance of ED teams during simulated pediatric trauma resuscitations. Postintervention performance was more consistent with the Pediatric Advanced Life Support and Advanced Trauma Life Support guidelines. Further studies are needed to determine if improved performance in a simulated scenario leads to improved performance and better clinical outcomes of critically injured children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. ehunt@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heine
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hohenhaus
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Karen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Frush
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D006764:Hospitals, Community; D006801:Humans; D008348:Manikins; D009657:North Carolina; D010348:Patient Care Team; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards*; D014193:Trauma Centers; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000628:therapy*