title: Vitamin K and vitamin D status: associations with inflammatory markers in the Framingham Offspring Study.
abstract: In vitro data suggest protective roles for vitamins K and D in inflammation. To examine associations between vitamins K and D and inflammation in vivo, the authors used multiple linear regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, triglyceride concentrations, use of aspirin, use of lipid-lowering medication, season, menopausal status, and hormone replacement therapy. Participants were from the Framingham Offspring Study (1997-2001; n = 1,381; mean age = 59 years; 52% women). Vitamin K status, measured by plasma phylloquinone concentration and phylloquinone intake, was inversely associated with circulating inflammatory markers as a group and with several individual inflammatory biomarkers (p < 0.01). Percentage of undercarboxylated osteocalcin, a functional measure of vitamin K status, was not associated with overall inflammation but was associated with C-reactive protein (p < 0.01). Although plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D was inversely associated with urinary isoprostane concentration, an indicator of oxidative stress (p < 0.01), overall associations between vitamin D status and inflammation were inconsistent. The observation that high vitamin K status was associated with lower concentrations of inflammatory markers suggests that a possible protective role for vitamin K in inflammation merits further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
authors.forename: M Kyla
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Shea
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Massaro
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Jacques
authors.forename: Ralph B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: Bess
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dawson-Hughes
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ordovas
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Sekar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kathiresan
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Keaney
authors.forename: Ramachandran S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Vasan
authors.forename: Emelia J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Benjamin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000097:blood*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014815:Vitamins; D014812:Vitamin K; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D