title: Preoperative evaluation of potential living related kidney donors with high-spatial-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) angiography at 3 Tesla: comparison with intraoperative findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the feasibility and accuracy of high-spatial-resolution MR imaging at 3 Tesla (T) in the preoperative evaluation of potential living related kidney donors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen potential donors (8 men, 10 women; mean age, 50.1 +/- 14.2 years) for renal transplantation were evaluated with 3 T MR imaging. A high-spatial-resolution 3-dimensional (3D) gradient-echo MR angiography (repetition time/echo time, 3.0/1.14 ms; flip, 19-23 degrees; matrix, 512; slice thickness, 1.0 mm) using parallel acquisition technique (GRAPPA) with an acceleration factor of 3 was performed on a whole body scanner. Images were evaluated in a prospective and blinded fashion by 2 MR radiologists. The number of renal arteries, presence of early branches (defined as a branch arising within 2 cm of the main renal ostium), and renal artery stenosis were analyzed. The renal parenchyma, collecting system and ureters, were evaluated on the MR urograms. Interpretation of MR images were compared with surgical findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on MR angiography data sets, a total of 36 main and 9 accessory renal arteries was found. There were 5 renal arteries presenting an early branching (<or=2 cm). The correct venous anatomy was identified in 13 of 14 patients (93%), including a single left renal vein anterior to the aorta (n = 3), retroaortic left renal vein (n = 2), and single right renal vein (n = 9). A single collecting system in all harvested kidneys was identified correctly with MR imaging. Overall, the sensitivity and positive predictive value of MRI in correctly determining the vascular and parenchymal anatomy in the harvested kidney was 85% and 93%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-spatial-resolution contrast-enhanced MR angiography at 3 T can predict successful donor nephrectomy in potential living related kidney donors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. ulrich.kramer@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thiel
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seeger
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fenchel
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laub
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Finn
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Steurer
authors.forename: Claus D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Claussen
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005190:Family; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000473:pathology*; D019520:Living Donors; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology*; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016896:Treatment Outcome