title: Immediate functional loading of single-tooth TIO2 grit-blasted implant restorations: a controlled prospective study in a porcine model. Part I: Clinical outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although favorable integration occurs with immediately loaded implants, the relationship between implant outcome, levels of occlusion, and diet requires optimization.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Pertubating load on single implant restorations immediately after placement by a hard food diet will increase the strains at the bone-implant interface, increasing the risk for failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight implants replaced the first and third mandibular premolars in 12 pigs, allocated into two groups based on soft- and hard-diet feeding. Cylindrical and tapered implants replaced the first and third premolars, respectively. Each animal received at random four different masticatory loading conditions (group 1 control]: implant with either a cover screw or a healing abutment, and group 2 test]: implant with a crown either with or without occlusal contacts).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen implants out of 44 failed in 11 animals (one with a cover screw, one with a healing abutment, three with nonocclusal, and eight with occlusal restorations). The failure rate of restored implants (either in occlusion or not) was significantly higher in the third premolar sites (p=.007), although diet had no significant effect (p=.421).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While diet had no effect on the failure pattern of immediately loaded single implants, the position and type of load under the masticatory mode were significant. Immediately loaded implants both in and out of occlusion were less successful than the controls, and this is probably attributed to detrimental strain induced on the bone-implant interface.
authors.affiliation: UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London, England, UK. V.Bousdras@eastman.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Vasilios A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Bousdras
authors.forename: Steen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sindet-Pedersen
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blunn
authors.forename: Aviva
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petrie
authors.forename: Ignace E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Naert
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaecques
authors.forename: Allen E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Goodship
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology; D000818:Animals; D003442:Crowns; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth / Q000009:adverse effects; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004032:Diet; D016015:Logistic Models; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008409:Mastication; D023421:Models, Animal; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D013499:Surface Properties; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium; D020390:Tooth Socket; D019415:Torque; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium