title: Specification of hypothalamic neurons by dual regulation of the homeodomain protein Orthopedia.
abstract: In the developing hypothalamus, a variety of neurons are generated adjacent to each other in a highly coordinated, but poorly understood process. A critical question that remains unanswered is how coordinated development of multiple neuronal types is achieved in this relatively narrow anatomical region. We focus on dopaminergic (DA) and oxytocinergic (OT) neurons as a paradigm for development of two prominent hypothalamic cell types. We report that the development of DA and OT-like neurons in the zebrafish is orchestrated by two novel pathways that regulate the expression of the homeodomain-containing protein Orthopedia (Otp), a key determinant of hypothalamic neural differentiation. Genetic analysis showed that the G-protein-coupled receptor PAC1 and the zinc finger-containing transcription factor Fezl act upstream to Otp. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that Fezl and PAC1 regulate Otp at the transcriptional and the post-transcriptional levels, respectively. Our data reveal a new genetic network controlling the specification of hypothalamic neurons in vertebrates, and places Otp as a critical determinant underlying Fezl- and PAC1-mediated differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Janna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blechman
authors.forename: Nataliya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Borodovsky
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.forename: Helit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nabel-Rosen
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Levkowitz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009154:Mutation; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense / Q000235:genetics; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000378:metabolism; D051237:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; D051237:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C418489:fezf2 protein, zebrafish; C515950:orthopedia protein, zebrafish; C495405:vipr2 protein, zebrafish; D010121:Oxytocin; D004298:Dopamine