title: The use of botulinum toxin A in perioral rejuvenation.
abstract: Botulinum toxin A is an effective and safe treatment for perioral rejuvenation. This article explores the application of this toxin for cosmetic use in the perioral region, facial asymmetry, and improved facial wound healing. This article also describes how the use of botulinum toxin A, which has traditionally been used on the upper one third of the face, has expanded to the lower two thirds with the advent of a new formulation that consists of botulinum toxin combined with an anesthetic agent and a vasoconstrictor. The new formula provides the injecting physician with immediate feedback on the eventual treatment effect and reduces local diffusion of the simultaneously injected agents, potentially limiting systemic absorption and diffusion to neighboring muscle groups and adding to an already remarkable safety profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 1237 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14209, USA.
authors.forename: Seth E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sherris
authors.forename: Holger G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Gassner
authors.forename: Oren
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002680:Chin; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009055:Mouth; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015595:Skin Aging
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A