title: Evaluation of quality of hydrogen peroxide-based antiseptic solutions available in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hydrogen peroxide solutions of low concentrations are important antiseptics and deodorants used in hospitals and as home-remedies. The preparations have the disadvantage of being unstable when exposed to sunlight and when stored for a long time. They decompose slowly, releasing oxygen and water thus decreasing the available hydrogen peroxide for antimicrobial action.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the quality of hydrogen peroxide solution-based antiseptics available in Dar es Salaam.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty-five samples were collected at random from pharmacies and medical stores, and analysed. One hundred and forty samples were hydrogen peroxide solutions intended for wound cleansing and 25 samples were eardrops. Among these samples, 116 were from manufacturer A, 24 from manufacturer B and 25 samples of eardrops were from manufacturer C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen (26%) of the samples from medical stores failed to meet specifications. Of the 70 samples from pharmacies, 20 (29%) failed to meet the BP 2005 specifications. All the 25 samples of eardrops failed to comply with specifications. The average hydrogen peroxide contents (+/-SD) of the samples from medical stores and pharmacies were 6.6 +/- 0.6%, 6.8 +/- 0.4% w/v respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant proportion of hydrogen peroxide products in the Dar es Salaam market is of poor quality. There is a need for continuous monitoring of the quality of hydrogen peroxide available in the city.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. elia.kaale@muchs.ac.tz
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kaale
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Haule
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mung'ong'o
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kishiwa
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000592:standards*; D004348:Drug Labeling; D004356:Drug Storage; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000592:standards*; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D012996:Solutions; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide