title: Treatment options for sleep disturbances during alcohol recovery.
abstract: Sleep disturbances are extremely common in the early stages of recovery from alcohol dependence and may persist for several months despite continued abstinence. Studies indicate that sleep disturbances independently increase the risk for relapse to alcohol, suggesting that targeting these problems during recovery may support continued abstinence. However, there is limited information in the addiction literature about available and effective treatments for sleep disturbances in recovering alcoholic patients. The primary goals of this article are to describe the phenomenology of sleep disturbances during recovery from alcohol dependence, to outline the evidence linking sleep problems with alcohol relapse, and to describe available pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment options, including the evidence regarding their efficacy in recovering alcoholic patients. Recommendations for future research are provided along with special considerations for treating insomnia in this population, including avoiding cross-dependent sedatives, such as benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BzRAs).
authors.affiliation: Sleep and Chronophysiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA. tarnedt@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: J Todd
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Arnedt
authors.forename: Deirdre A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Conroy
authors.forename: Kirk J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Brower
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003289:Convalescence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives