title: Appearance of angiotensin II expression in non-basal epithelial cells is an early feature of malignant change in human prostate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite increasing interest in the renin-angiotensin system in cancer, little is known about angiotensin II (Ang II) expression in human prostate tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using immunohistochemistry, we examined Ang II expression in prostate cancer (Gleason grades 2-5), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ang II was present in proliferating neoplastic cells in HGPIN, in malignant cells in all grades of prostate cancer examined, in basal but not luminal epithelial cells in BPH, and in the cytoplasm of LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 prostate cancer cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data establishes the presence of Ang II in pre-malignant and malignant prostate cells, suggests Ang II staining in non-basal epithelial cells is an early sign of malignant change, and supports suggestions that HGPIN and malignant prostate cells both arise from transformed basal cells. Using immunohistochemistry we examined Ang II expression in proliferative disorders of the prostate and concluded that Ang II staining in non-basal epithelial cells is evidence of early malignant change.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084 Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: Simon N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Louis
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Linda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rezmann
authors.forename: Keisaku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Duncan P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: MacGregor
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Casely
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Catt
authors.forename: Albert G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Frauman
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Louis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000804:Angiotensin II