title: Specific effects of gamma-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic ethyl esters on bone post-ovariectomy in rats.
abstract: Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are involved in the regulation of bone metabolism. Increased dietary consumption of n-3, and possibly some n-6, LCPUFAs may limit postmenopausal bone loss. The aim of this study was to determine the effects on bone of specific fatty acids within the n-3 and n-6 LCPUFA families in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Rats were OVX or sham-operated and fed either a control diet (OVX and sham) or a diet supplemented with 0.5 g/kg body weight/day of gamma-linolenic (GLA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic (DHA) ethyl esters or a mixture of all three (MIX) for 16 weeks. Bone mineral content (BMC), area, and density and plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I, vitamin D, selected biochemical markers of bone metabolism, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were determined. The OVX-induced decrease in lumbar spine BMC was significantly attenuated by DHA but not by EPA or GLA supplementation or supplementation with a mixture of all three LCPUFAs. Endosteal circumferences of tibiae were significantly greater in DHA and EPA compared to OVX. Plasma C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen and osteocalcin concentrations were not significantly different in the DHA group compared to OVX. Femur BMC decreased by a significantly greater amount in GLA than OVX, and final plasma PTH concentrations were significantly higher in GLA compared to all other groups. In conclusion, DHA ameliorated OVX-induced bone mineral loss. GLA exacerbated post-OVX bone mineral loss, possibly as a result of PTH-induced bone catabolism.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand 4442. r.c.poulsen@massey.ac.nz
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Firth
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Moughan
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kruger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid; C067518:4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid