title: Association of lifetime alcohol drinking trajectories with cardiometabolic risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alcohol intakes may vary considerably over a drinker's lifetime. This study was designed to examine whether lifetime drinking trajectories are associated with cardiovascular risk factors that are used to define the metabolic syndrome (MetS). DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND OUTCOMES: This is a population-based cross-sectional study. Participants were ever-regular drinkers (n = 2818) selected from healthy controls for the Western New York Health Study (1996-2001) in which lifetime lifestyle was ascertained retrospectively. Prevalence of the MetS and its individual components, including obesity, high triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated blood pressure, and high fasting glucose, were the main outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trajectory analyses were based on estimates of total kilograms of ethanol for each age decade between 10 and 59 yr. Two groups of drinkers with distinct lifetime drinking trajectories were obtained, an early peak and a stable trajectory group. Compared with stable trajectory drinkers, early-peak drinkers were 10 yr younger on average, had earlier onset of regular drinking, drank heavily in late adolescence and early adulthood tapering off in middle age, averaged more drinks per drinking day in lifetime, and were more likely to abstain when interviewed. After controlling for age, sex, and other potential confounders, early-peak trajectories were modestly associated with high odds of the MetS [1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00, 1.71] overall, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.62; 95% CI 1.27, 2.08), abdominal obesity (1.48; 95% CI 1.23, 1.78), and overweight (1.32; 95% CI 1.10, 1.60).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early initiation of alcohol drinking and heavy drinking in adolescence and early adulthood may be associated with an adverse cardiometabolic profile.
authors.affiliation: Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Prevention Research Center, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 450, Berkeley, California 94704, USA.
authors.forename: Amy Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Saverio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stranges
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dorn
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trevisan
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides