title: Adiponectin activates adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and decreases luteinizing hormone secretion in LbetaT2 gonadotropes.
abstract: Metabolic dysregulation is associated with reproductive disorders, but the underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived secretory factor that improves insulin sensitivity. Results from animal models indicate that overexpression of adiponectin impairs female fertility. We hypothesized that adiponectin regulates reproduction by altering the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Mouse LbetaT2 immortalized gonadotrope cells express both adiponectin receptors 1 and 2. Adiponectin increases phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a downstream target of adiponectin receptors, and reduces basal and GnRH-stimulated LH secretion, acutely. The repression of LH secretion can be mimicked by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-riboside, an AMP analog, suggesting the involvement of AMPK. A dominant-negative AMPK mutant or compound C, a selective AMPK inhibitor, potentiates basal LH secretion and abolishes the inhibitory effect of adiponectin. Chronic activation of AMPK by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-riboside decreases cellular LH levels, and expression of dominant-negative AMPK increases cellular LH levels, suggesting a second effect of AMPK to regulate LH synthesis. Lastly, intravenous injection of an adenovirus expressing adiponectin into male mice reduces serum LH levels without changing FSH levels. In conclusion, our results suggest that adiponectin decreases LH secretion in pituitary gonadotropes in an AMPK-dependent manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Qingbo
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jerrold M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Olefsky
authors.forename: Pamela L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Mellon
authors.forename: Nicholas J G
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Webster
mesh_terms: D000263:Adenylate Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D052681:Gonadotrophs / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012265:Ribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; C499919:Adipoq protein, mouse; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012265:Ribonucleotides; C475419:adiponectin receptor 1, mouse; C475421:adiponectin receptor 2, mouse; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D000263:Adenylate Kinase; C031143:AICA ribonucleotide