title: Cord serum concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in relation to weight and size at birth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have reported developmental toxicity among rodents dosed with perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the relationship between concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in cord serum (surrogates for in utero exposures) and gestational age, birth weight, and birth size in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional epidemiologic study of singleton deliveries in Baltimore, Maryland. Cord serum samples (n = 293) were analyzed for PFOS and PFOA by online solid-phase extraction, coupled with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Maternal characteristics and anthropometric measures were obtained from medical charts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for potential confounders, both PFOS and PFOA were negatively associated with birth weight [per ln-unit: beta = -69 g, 95% confidence interval (CI), -149 to 10 for PFOS; beta = -104 g, 95% CI, -213 to 5 for PFOA], ponderal index (per ln-unit: beta = -0.074 g/cm(3) x 100, 95% CI, -0.123 to -0.025 for PFOS; beta = -0.070 g/cm(3) x 100, 95% CI, -0.138 to -0.001 for PFOA), and head circumference (per ln-unit: beta = -0.32 cm, 95% CI, -0.56 to -0.07 for PFOS; beta = -0.41 cm, 95% CI, -0.76 to -0.07 for PFOA). No associations were observed between either PFOS or PFOA concentrations and newborn length or gestational age. All associations were independent of cord serum lipid concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite relatively low cord serum concentrations, we observed small negative associations between both PFOS and PFOA concentrations and birth weight and size. Future studies should attempt to replicate these findings in other populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Apelberg
authors.forename: Frank R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Witter
authors.forename: Julie B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Herbstman
authors.forename: Antonia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Calafat
authors.forename: Rolf U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Halden
authors.forename: Larry L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Needham
authors.forename: Lynn R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Goldman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000097:blood*; D001724:Birth Weight; D015992:Body Mass Index; D049628:Body Size; D002210:Caprylates / Q000097:blood*; D002508:Cephalometry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000097:blood*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D011247:Pregnancy; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid