title: Successful percutaneous repair of perivalvular prosthetic regurgitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the feasibility and outcome of percutaneous transcatheter repair of perivalvular regurgitation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Perivalvular prosthetic regurgitation causes significant morbidity, and is associated with high perioperative mortality if open surgical repair is required.
  
  
  METHODS
  Percutaneous repair of perivalvular regurgitation was attempted in 16 patients with heart failure or hemolytic anemia. All patients were either not candidates or were high-risk for open surgical repair (Parsonnet score, 39 +/- 7). Regurgitant lesions were perimitral in 14 patients (2 had multiple defects) and peri-aortic in 2 patients. Under echocardiographic and fluoroscopic guidance, patients underwent implantation of either the Amplatzer Septal Occluder or Duct Occluder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful percutaneous closure with mild or no residual regurgitation was achieved in 17 of 21 attempts (81%). In one patient, an occluder could not be deployed. There were no procedural deaths, strokes, or myocardial infarctions, and no prosthetic obstruction from device deployment. NYHA functional class improved from 3.1 +/- 0.6 to 2.0 +/- 1.0 at follow-up (mean, 3.1 mos; P = 0.0001 vs. baseline). One patient with heart failure had symptom resolution but died suddenly 4 weeks after the procedure. One subsequent noncardiac death and two late deaths from progressive heart failure also occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous repair of perivalvular prosthetic regurgitation is a feasible alternative to open surgical correction, and may be preferred in patients at significant perioperative risk. Further experience with careful attention to patient selection, late morbidity, and mortality is required in this high risk patient subset.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sorajja
authors.forename: Allison K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Cabalka
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hagler
authors.forename: Guy S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Reeder
authors.forename: Krishnawamy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chandrasekaran
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cetta
authors.forename: Charanjit S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Rihal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000379:methods*; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000601:surgery*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D016896:Treatment Outcome