title: Foxp3 transcription-factor-dependent and -independent regulation of the regulatory T cell transcriptional signature.
abstract: The CD4(+)CD25(+) lineage of regulatory T (Treg) cells plays a key role in controlling immune and autoimmune responses and is characterized by a unique transcriptional signature. The transcription factor Foxp3 had been thought to determine the Treg cell lineage, a hypothesis challenged by recent observations. We have performed a cross-sectional analysis of the Treg cell signature in Treg-like cells generated under a number of conditions, with or without Foxp3, to delineate the elements that can be ascribed to T cell activation, interleukin-2, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling, or Foxp3 itself. These influences synergized to determine many of the signature's components. Much of the Treg cell signature was not ascribable to Foxp3 because it contained gene clusters that are coregulated with, but not transactivated by, Foxp3. Thus, a higher level of regulation upstream of Foxp3 determines the lineage, distinct from elements downstream of Foxp3 that are essential for its regulatory properties.
authors.affiliation: Section on Immunology and Immunogenetics, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feuerer
authors.forename: Kaley
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tash
authors.forename: Sokol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haxhinasto
authors.forename: Jasmine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Melamed
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mathis
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benoist
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology*; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000276:immunology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse