title: Exercise and quality of life outcomes in patients with cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the evidence of the effects of exercise interventions in patients with cancer in each of four quality-of-life domains: physical, psychological, social, and spiritual.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research articles, abstracts, literature review.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is strong evidence to support positive effects of exercise on physical and psychological well-being. Exercise improves physical function, muscle strength, emotional well-being, self esteem, decreases fatigue, anxiety, and depression, and helps maintain weight. Data suggest exercise fosters social functioning and more research is needed on the relationship of exercise and spiritual well-being.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is sufficient evidence to support exercise as an intervention to enhance a cancer patient's physical functioning and psychological well-being. Nurses should be encouraged to integrate physical activity recommendations into practice, tailored to the individual's health condition and mutual goal setting.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Nursing, 100 Church St South, New Haven, CT 06536-0740, USA. tish.knobf@yale.edu
authors.forename: M Tish
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Knobf
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Musanti
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dorward
mesh_terms: D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011788:Quality of Life