title: Cytoplasmic HuR over-expression is associated with increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of prostaglandins and is over-expressed in a variety of premalignant and malignant conditions. The human embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV)-like protein, HuR, is an mRNA stability protein that can regulate COX-2 expression. Because the regulation of gene expression through the post-transcriptional modification of the mRNA stability is an important mechanism in the control of cellular growth, this study investigated the expression and cellular localisation of the HuR protein and the relationships between COX-2 and HuR in laryngeal epithelium.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression patterns of HuR and COX-2 in 39 laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas and paired samples of 38 normal and/or 30 dysplastic mucosa adjacent to an infiltrating carcinoma were analysed by immunohistochemistry and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An immunohistochemical evaluation of the specimens revealed high nuclear and cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for HuR in 39 (100%) and 26 (66.6%) of 39 lesions with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, 27 (90.0%) and one (3.3%) of 30 lesions with epithelial dysplasia, and 19 (50.0%) and 0 (0%) of 38 specimens with normal-appearing laryngeal epithelium, respectively. High levels of COX-2 expression were observed in 66.6% and 6.7% of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and epithelial dysplasia, respectively, but no COX-2 expression was detected in the normal epithelium. There was no significant correlation between HuR expression and the other clinicopathological parameters such as age, site, tumour size, or nodal status as well as histological differentiation. There was a statistically significant correlation between COX-2 immunoreactivity and the cytoplasmic HuR expression level in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the fact that HuR in the cytoplasm indicates mRNA dysregulation of COX-2, our results suggest that their correlation plays an important role in the development and progression of laryngeal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Nam-Pyo
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hye-Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Yunjo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Soh
authors.forename: Kyung-Yeol
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyun-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Son
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051959:ELAV Proteins; D000067780:ELAV-Like Protein 1; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007820:Laryngeal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051959:ELAV Proteins; D000067780:ELAV-Like Protein 1; C098770:ELAVL1 protein, human; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2