title: Coping style mediates impact of stress on alcohol use: a prospective population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines the relationship between stressful life-events and alcohol use in a longitudinal cohort study, and investigates whether gender, coping style and social support modify this relationship.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data analysed in this paper come from a sample of 1608 men and 1645 women drawn randomly from the cohort known as the Dutch Lifestyle and Health Study, consisting of 16,210 men and women aged 45-70 years, who were followed-up for 4 years (1996-2000).
  
  
  METHODS
  Alcohol use (recent and in the more distant past), occurrence of threatening life-events, coping style (action, cognitive and emotion coping), social support (perceived, actual support and social contacts) and other potential confounding factors were assessed with five annual self-administered questionnaires. The data were analysed with a mixed-effects modelling technique, controlling for interactions with time and gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An interaction effect was found between experiencing a negative life-event and emotion coping on alcohol use. A positive relationship was found between the occurrence of negative life-events and alcohol use in subjects scoring high on emotion coping, and a negative one among subjects scoring low on emotion coping. Cognitive coping, action coping, actual support, social contacts and gender did not modify the relationship between life-events and alcohol use. However, having a more cognitive coping style or more social contacts was associated with a lower level of alcohol use, whereas having an action coping style and receiving more actual social support was associated with a higher drinking level. It seems plausible that people scoring high on emotion coping, characterized by a passive, resigned, indulgent and self-accusatory coping style, increase their alcohol use after experiencing a negative life-event.
authors.affiliation: Addiction Research Institute, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands. marja.veenstra@hag.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Marja Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Veenstra
authors.forename: Paul H H M
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lemmens
authors.forename: Ingrid H M
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Friesema
authors.forename: Frans E S
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Henk F L
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Garretsen
authors.forename: J André
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Knottnerus
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Zwietering
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires