title: Suicide bombing of the Mineralnye Vody Train: case study in using open-source information for open-source health intelligence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Open-source information consists of a range of publicly available material, including various periodicals, news reports, journal publications, photographs, and maps. Although intelligence agencies regularly use open-source information in developing strategically important intelligence, the disaster community has yet to evaluate its use for planning or research purposes. This study examines how open-source information, in the form of Internet news reports and public access disaster databases, can be used to develop a rapid, 72-hour case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open-source information was extrapolated from several news reports on a terrorist bombing that occurred in Russia on 05 December 2003, using a self-devised "data" collection sheet, and background information collected on the nature of similar disasters using three public access databases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bulk of health-related information was collected in the first 13 hours after the event, including casualty demographics, immediate dead, total dead, admitted, and treated-and-released. The complex and prolonged rescue of casualties was identified, as well as the presence of unexploded ordnance. This incident also was identified as the first publicly reported suicide terrorist bombing of a commuter train.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Open-source information has the potential to be a helpful tool in reconstructing a chain of events and response. However, its use must be validated further and used appropriately. Standards for collection and analysis also must be developed.
authors.affiliation: Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Emory University Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Injury Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. catherinelee2006@gmail.com
authors.forename: Catherine Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Timothy E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Eric K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Noji
mesh_terms: D015706:Bibliometrics; D054042:Bombs; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000592:standards*; D004189:Disaster Planning; D005107:Explosions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination; D020407:Internet; D054527:Mass Casualty Incidents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008402:Mass Media; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D011446:Prospective Studies; D040442:Public Health Informatics / Q000592:standards*; D011890:Railroads; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012637:Security Measures; D023481:Terrorism / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*