title: [Clinical features and management of multiple sclerosis in children].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease frequently showing a relapsing-remitting disease course. Clinical manifestations of 25 inpatients with MS were summarized and analyzed so that the clinical features and therapeutic approaches to childhood multiple sclerosis (MS) were investigated in order to improve its diagnosis and management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical features and information during following-up of 25 cases with MS from June 1993 to May 2006 were collected and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 25 cases, 16 were female and the F:M ratio was 1.78:1. The relapsing-remitting type was seen in 21 cases, the secondary progressive MS in 3 cases and the classification was impossible in one case. The mean age of onset was 6.7 years (2-12) with various initial symptoms including visual loss (11 cases), cortical symptoms (8 cases with seizures, consciousness disturbance, aphasia and apraxia, etc.), myeleterosis (3 cases), symptoms of brainstem (2 cases) and cerebellar ataxia (1 case). Fever was present in 10 cases at the onset. Nine cases were monosymptomatic, while the other 16 had multiple symptoms. Visual loss occurred in 19 cases during the course of MS and 22 were found to have abnormal visual evoked potential (88%). The mean course of disease was 8.5 years (1.2-17.2) and 0-4 times of recurrences (0 means no new clinical attack occurred during following-up period).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MS is increasingly recognized as a disease affecting children though it is uncommon. Childhood MS possesses some manifestations different from those of adults. There was a female predominance. The most common finding at the onset of disease was optic neuritis. Other features include acute onset and shorter course of disease. Atypical demyelinating symptoms were often seen. White matter lesions on MRI are required for the diagnosis. CSF oligoclonal bands could be found less commonly than in adults. Neurological sequelae were less often seen than in adults MS even though optic nerve atrophy and visual loss were relatively common. Steroid and IVIG are effective in acute period treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Yue-hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xin-hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Yu-wu
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xing-zhi
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shang-qin
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Jiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Xi-ru
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009902:Optic Neuritis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D055502:Secondary Prevention
chemical_list: D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous