title: Pre-deployment stress briefing: does it have an effect?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of giving information about stress and stress reactions to people about to be exposed to hazardous situations remains unclear. Such information might improve coping and hence resilience. Alternatively, it might increase the expectancy of experiencing adverse psychological consequences following exposure to a hazard.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of a pre-operational stress briefing on health and occupational indices among Naval and Marine personnel who were subsequently deployed to the 2003 Iraq War.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled, non-randomized, parallel group study. Mental health outcomes post-deployment were compared between those who received a pre-operational stress briefing and those who did not receive such a briefing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stress briefing attendees were slightly younger, more likely to be marines and to have been exposed to traumatic events than non-attendees. There were no significant differences between the two groups for the health outcomes of common mental health disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder or alcohol misuse. Attendees reported higher morale/cohesion but these differences disappeared following adjustment for demographic and military factors. No differences between the two groups were apparent for experiencing problems during or post-deployment or for marital satisfaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no evidence that a pre-deployment stress briefing reduced subsequent medium-term psychological distress. On the other hand, we found no evidence of harm either. While only a randomized trial can give genuinely unbiased results, at present stress debriefing must be regarded as an unproven intervention, and it remains a matter of judgement as to whether or not it is indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Mental Health, PP6, Sunny Walk, HM Naval Base, Portsmouth PO1 3LT, UK. sharpleynj@aol.com
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Sharpley
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Fear
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wessely
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D014857:Warfare