Effects of several virucidal agents on inactivation of influenza, Newcastle disease, and avian infectious bronchitis viruses in the allantoic fluid of chicken eggs.
General theories on the inactivation of viruses in the presence of a concentrated protein, such as the allantoic fluid of chicken eggs, are not useful. That is, although sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide are generally known as strong virucidal agents, they do not sufficiently inactivate viruses in allantoic fluid. We found that benzalkonium chloride (BC) is an effective virucidal agent against influenza, Newcastle disease, and avian infectious bronchitis viruses even in the presence of a concentrated protein. BC is easily biodegradable by activated sludge and is not very harmful to humans. We strongly recommend BC as a useful virucidal agent, especially in the manufacture of vaccines for these viruses.
Abe
Motoharu
M
The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute, Kumamoto 860-8568, Japan. abe-mo@kaketsuken.or.jp
Kaneko
Kumi
K
Ueda
Ai
A
Otsuka
Hiroshi
H
Shiosaki
Kouichi
K
Nozaki
Chikateru
C
Goto
Shuro
S
D000482:Allantois / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D002642:Chick Embryo; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D001351:Infectious bronchitis virus / Q000187:drug effects*; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000187:drug effects; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000187:drug effects*; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000187:drug effects*; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology; D038301:Virus Inactivation / Q000187:drug effects*
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D000431:Ethanol; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite