title: Wavelet denoising for voxel-based compartmental analysis of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors with (18)F-FEDAA1106.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the noise reduction capability of wavelet denoising for estimated binding potential (BP) images (k (3)/k (4)) of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor using (18)F-FEDAA1106 and nonlinear least-square fitting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wavelet denoising within a three-dimensional discrete dual-tree complex wavelet transform was applied to simulate data and clinical dynamic positron emission tomography images of (18)F-FEDAA1106. To eliminate noise components in wavelet coefficients, real and imaginary coefficients for each subband were thresholded individually using NormalShrink. A simulated dynamic brain image of (18)F-FEDAA1106 was generated and Gaussian noise was added to mimic PET dynamic scan. The derived BP images were compared with true images using 156 rectangular regions of interest. Wavelet denoising was also applied to data derived from seven young normal volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the simulations, estimated BP by denoised image showed better correlation with the true BP values (Y = 0.83X + 0.94, r = 0.80), although no correlation was observed in the estimates between noise-added and true images (Y = 1.2X + 0.78, r = 0.49). For clinical data, there were visual improvements in the signal-to-noise ratio for estimated BP images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wavelet denoising improved the bias and reduced the variation of pharmacokinetic parameters for BP.
authors.affiliation: Biophysics Group, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage, Chiba, Japan. sidahara@nirs.go.jp
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shidahara
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikoma
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Yota
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naganawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suhara
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; C475621:N-(5-fluoro-2-phenoxyphenyl)-N-(2-fluoroethyl-5-methoxybenzyl)acetamide; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A