title: Transdermal delivery of proteins mediated by non-covalently associated arginine-rich intracellular delivery peptides.
abstract: Plasma membranes of animal cells are generally impermeable to macromolecules. Protein transduction mediated by protein transduction domains (PTDs) covalently cross-linked to cargoes for cellular internalization has previously been demonstrated. Peptides with PTDs could be an effective way to deliver proteins into living cells or tissues in vitro. In this report, we demonstrate that arginine-rich intracellular delivery (AID) peptides are able to facilitate the delivery of proteins into animal cells and to penetrate skin tissues rapidly. This cellular internalization and transdermal delivery of proteins is mediated by non-toxic AID peptides in a non-fusion protein and non-conjugation dependent manner. The efficiency of intracellular transport is further increased in the presence of chemical enhancer oleic acid. The mechanism of the AID-mediated cellular entry may involve macropinocytosis and actin rearrangement. Thus, we confirm that direct delivery of bioactive proteins into living cells and tissues mediated by non-covalent actions of AID peptides represents a useful strategy in pharmaceutics, therapeutics and cosmetics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Wun
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Ming-Huan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Hui-Ru
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Betty Revon
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chung-Pin
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hwei-Hsien
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Han-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010455:Peptides; D010957:Plasmids; D021381:Protein Transport
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D010455:Peptides; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D001120:Arginine