title: MAPK and mTOR pathways are involved in cadmium-induced neuronal apoptosis.
abstract: Cadmium (Cd) may be accumulated in human body through long-term exposure to Cd-polluted environment, resulting in neurodegeneration and other diseases. To study the mechanism of Cd-induced neurodegeneration, PC12 and SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to Cd. We observed that Cd-induced apoptosis in the cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Cd rapidly activated the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. Inhibition of Erk1/2 and JNK, but not p38, partially protected the cells from Cd-induced apoptosis. Consistently, over-expression of dominant negative c-Jun or down-regulation of Erk1/2, but not p38 MAPK, partially prevented Cd-induced apoptosis. To our surprise, Cd also activated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated signaling pathways. Treatment with rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, blocked Cd-induced phosphorylation of S6K1 and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1, and markedly inhibited Cd-induced apoptosis. Down-regulation of mTOR by RNA interference also in part, rescued cells from Cd-induced death. These findings indicate that activation of the signaling network of MAPK and mTOR is associated with Cd-induced neuronal apoptosis. Our results strongly suggest that inhibitors of MAPK and mTOR may have a potential for prevention of Cd-induced neurodegeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932, USA.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Shile
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D009447:Neuroblastoma; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D011419:Propidium; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D002104:Cadmium; D011419:Propidium; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases