title: Kaplan-Meier analysis on seizure outcome after epilepsy surgery: do gender and race influence it?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate seizure outcome following epilepsy surgery for patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and evaluate is gender and race/ethnicity influence it.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from the discharge database of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Epilepsy Center, between 1985 and 2001. The sample consisted of all patients with a primary diagnosis of medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy. Seizure recurrence was tabulated at 7 days, 2 months, 6 months, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 years following surgery. Logistic regression analysis was used to model the presence of seizure recurrence after anterior temporal lobectomy for all patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis was done to obtain estimates and 95% CIs of seizure freedom from baseline. Baseline variables--age at surgery, age at seizure onset, sex, side of resection, immediate postoperative seizures, and pathology results--were assessed as potential predictors of each outcome by comparing the survival curves within each variable with a log rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred sixty-eight patients underwent surgical treatment for TLE, mean age of 30.2 years. Thirty-five patients were African American, 43% were men. Immediate postoperative seizures were seen in 23 patients, while seizure recurrence occurred in 27.3% patients within a year after surgery, and in 33.6% within 6 years. Logistic regression results showed no differences between African Americans and whites, between males and females. The occurrence of immediate postoperative seizures was a strong predictor of late seizure recurrence only at 1 year after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occurrence of seizures in the immediate postoperative period is a strong predictor of later seizure recurrence. Sex and race/ethnicity do not appear to be predictors of long-term outcome following surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Programme, University of Western Ontario, London Health Science Center, 339 Windermere Road, London, Ontario, Canada. jburneo2@uwo.ca
authors.forename: Jorge G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Burneo
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Villanueva
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Knowlton
authors.forename: R Edward
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Faught
authors.forename: Ruben I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Kuzniecky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012640:Seizures / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome