title: Financial ties and concordance between results and conclusions in meta-analyses: retrospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether financial ties to one drug company are associated with favourable results or conclusions in meta-analyses on antihypertensive drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meta-analyses published up to December 2004 that were not duplicates and evaluated the effects of antihypertensive drugs compared with any comparator on clinical end points in adults. Financial ties were categorised as one drug company compared with all others.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main outcomes were the results and conclusions of meta-analyses, with both outcomes separately categorised as being favourable or not favourable towards the study drug. We also collected data on characteristics of meta-analyses that the literature suggested might be associated with favourable results or conclusions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  124 meta-analyses were included in the study, 49 (40%) of which had financial ties to one drug company. On univariate logistic regression analyses, meta-analyses of better methodological quality were more likely to have favourable results (odds ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.27). Although financial ties to one drug company were not associated with favourable results, such ties constituted the only characteristic significantly associated with favourable conclusions (4.09, 1.30 to 12.83). When controlling for other characteristics of meta-analyses in multiple logistic regression analyses, meta-analyses that had financial ties to one drug company remained more likely to report favourable conclusions (5.11, 1.54 to 16.92).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Meta-analyses on antihypertensive drugs and with financial ties to one drug company are not associated with favourable results but are associated with favourable conclusions.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University, Stanford Medical Group, Stanford, CA 94305-5765, USA. vyank@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yank
authors.forename: Drummond
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rennie
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Bero
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000191:economics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D012109:Research Support as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents