title: Antenatal perspective of hypoplastic left heart syndrome: 5 years on.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Palliative staged reconstructive surgery has radically altered the outcome of babies with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the current outcome of antenatally diagnosed HLHS with a series 5 years previously now that paediatric cardiothoracic and postnatal paediatric intensive care techniques have been further refined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of all cases of HLHS diagnosed antenatally at Birmingham Women's Hospital between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2004 with results of the previous series.
  
  
  RESULTS
  79 fetuses were identified with HLHS. The median gestational age at diagnosis was 22 weeks. After counselling, 20 (25.3%) couples terminated the pregnancy compared with 43.7% in the previous cohort (p = 0.01). Of the 59 couples who continued with the pregnancy, four had stillbirths and two were lost to follow-up. Subsequently, there were 53 live births, of which six babies had an alternative major congenital heart disease diagnosed postnatally; 10 babies were not considered for surgery (parents' wishes) and died after compassionate care; 31 babies underwent surgery. The early (30 days) surgical mortality after stage 1 Norwood procedure was 19.4% and 20 patients are still alive. In the cohort of intention-to-treat cases, the overall survival was 46.9% (23/49).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of parents choosing termination after an antenatal diagnosis of HLHS has almost halved since 5 years ago. Despite the significant increase in surgical survival following stage 1 Norwood in this period, in the intention-to-treat cohort the survival was 46.9%. These data again highlight the poorer outcome for babies with congenital malformations diagnosed in utero in comparison with those identified postnatally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Rasiah
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ewer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Barron
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Brawn
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kilby
mesh_terms: D000025:Abortion, Eugenic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D018636:Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome