title: The effect of cyclic strain on embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
abstract: Cardiomyocytes in the body are subjected to cyclic mechanical strain induced by the rhythmic heart beating. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that cyclic strain promotes cardiomyogenesis of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (ESCs). ESCs cultured on elastic polymer [poly(lactide-co-caprolactone), PLCL] scaffolds subjected to cyclic strain in vitro displayed elevated cardiac gene expression compared to unstrained controls. Six weeks after implantation into infarcted rat myocardium, the elastic cardiac patches (ESC-seeded PLCL scaffolds) showed reduced fibrotic tissue formation, likely due to a combination of lower apoptotic activity, higher vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, and more extensive angiogenesis in the strained versus unstrained control [ESC-seeded, non-elastic poly(lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds] patches. Importantly, cardiac gene expression was upregulated in the elastic patches compared to control, with evidence for cardiomyocyte-specific microstructures including myofibrillar bundles and Z-lines. This study shows that the use of an elastic polymer scaffold designed to permit mechanical strain transduction as a cell transplantation vehicle significantly increases cardiomyogenesis of the implanted ESCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: So-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gwak
authors.forename: Suk Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bhang
authors.forename: Il-Kwon
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Oju
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Kyung Jong
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Putnam
authors.forename: Byung-Soo
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011091:Polyesters; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D011091:Polyesters; C062968:lactide-caprolactone copolymer