title: Stage II follow-up on a linkage scan for bipolar disorder in the Ashkenazim provides suggestive evidence for chromosome 12p and the GRIN2B gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We had previously performed a genome-wide linkage scan for bipolar affective disorder in an Ashkenazi Jewish sample, a population likely to have reduced genetic heterogeneity. This study is a second stage follow-up focusing on regions that showed positive linkage scores in our previous scan but were not fine-mapped at that time.
  
  
  METHODS
  We genotyped an additional 145 highly polymorphic microsatellites and conducted linkage analyses using standard laboratory and analytical methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We saw an improvement of the evidence for linkage in most regions, with the most notable change on chromosome 12p13.1-p12.3, where the evidence of linkage is now suggestive. This region harbors the gene encoding the ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit 2B (GRIN2B), a gene that previously yielded evidence for association in a candidate gene study on 323 Ashkenazi Jewish bipolar case-parent trios. We find that the evidence for linkage is significantly correlated with the presence of the putative high-risk allele identified in our candidate gene study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Following up weaker signals can significantly improve linkage signals even after relatively small increases in information content. Our results on chromosome 12p support GRIN2B as a candidate gene for bipolar disorder that needs further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Avramopoulos
authors.forename: Virginia K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Lasseter
authors.forename: M Daniele
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Fallin
authors.forename: Paula S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Wolyniec
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nestadt
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.forename: Ann E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Pulver
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002881:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12; D018740:Genetic Heterogeneity; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D007585:Jews; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C121001:NR2B NMDA receptor; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate