title: Prostate cancer: MR imaging-guided galvanotherapy--technical development and first clinical results.
abstract: To prospectively evaluate the safety and effectiveness of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided galvanotherapy in prostate cancer.
  
  
  
  This prospective study was approved and authorized by the institutional review board, and patients gave informed consent. Forty-four men (mean age, 63.1 years) with histologically proved prostate cancer were treated with galvanotherapy. After transgluteal puncture of the prostate with local anesthesia, two MR imaging-compatible electrodes were positioned under MR imaging guidance in the periphery of the right and left lobes of the prostate so that they had direct tumor contact. The patients were treated three times in 1-week intervals, and direct current was applied to the localized cancer in the prostate gland with a total charge of 350 coulombs. Follow-up with laboratory testing (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] levels) and endorectal MR imaging with tumor volume measurement was performed 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure. The Friedman test was used to compare tumor volumes and PSA levels across the four time points.
  
  
  
  All patients tolerated MR imaging-guided galvanotherapy well without any major side effects or complications. Six patients had some reversible difficulty with urination, and five reported temporary unilateral leg paresthesia. Tumor volume as determined with MR imaging decreased from a pretherapeutic median of 1.90 to 1.12 cm(3), which corresponded to a significant (P < .01) reduction of 41%. One patient (2%) had complete remission and 18 (41%) had partial remission at follow-up 12 months after therapy. Twenty-three patients (52%) were classified as having stable disease. Two patients (5%) had progressive disease. Median PSA levels decreased in the 12-month control period from 7.05 to 2.4 ng/mL (66%, P < .01).
  
  
  
  MR imaging-guided galvanotherapy is a safe procedure and can result in local control of prostatic carcinoma, with a concomitant reduction in the PSA level.
  
  
  
  http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/245/2/895/DC1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. t.vogl@em.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Vogl
authors.forename: Heinz P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zangos
authors.forename: J Bayne
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Selby
authors.forename: Hanns
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ackermann
authors.forename: Florian B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Mayer
mesh_terms: D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*