title: Evaluation of a protocol for molecular broad-range diagnosis of culture-negative bacterial infections in clinical routine diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Introduction of a protocol for broad-range diagnosis of bacterial infections, which remain negative in culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The new TaqMan real-time PCR assay amplifies part of the 16S rRNA gene. Species are identified by subsequent sequencing and phylogenetic blast analysis. The analytical sensitivity showed to be 50 fg DNA per PCR. The lowest detectable bacterial cell concentration in blood was 1000 CFU per 200 mul EDTA-blood. The utility in clinical routine diagnosis was evaluated by testing 136 clinical specimens. Bacterial pathogens were detected in 33 samples (24.3%) either by culture or molecular diagnosis. In 10 culture negative cases, pathogens such as Mycoplasma timone/orale, Ureaplasma parvum/urealyticum, Treponema pallidum, different streptococci and staphylococci were identified by molecular diagnosis only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The introduced broad-range real-time PCR protocol showed to be useful in the clinical routine in cases where bacterial infection was highly anticipated but culture remained negative. However, the obtained data have to be always interpreted with caution and in conjunction with the clinical data, crossing-point values and with the Blast result of both the sample and the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work introduces a new and well-evaluated broad-range real-time PCR protocol for diagnosis of bacterial infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. claudia.schabereiter-gurtner@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schabereiter-Gurtner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nehr
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Apfalter
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makristathis
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rotter
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hirschl
mesh_terms: D016470:Bacteremia / Q000382:microbiology*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001483:Base Sequence; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000032:analysis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D019914:Taq Polymerase
chemical_list: C034477:RNA primers; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012313:RNA; D019914:Taq Polymerase