title: Predicted risk of coronary heart disease among persons with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes is an independent risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). We evaluated whether there are racial/ethnic differences in predicted probability of CHD among persons with type 2 diabetes from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults with type 2 diabetes without cardiovascular disease (n=585) were evaluated; the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Risk Engine was used to develop estimates of CHD and Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was used to assess the 10-year CHD risk. Chi-square tests and analysis of variance were used to assess differences between racial/ethnic groups in risk factors and predicted probability for CHD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk factors for CHD differed significantly amongst the three racial/ethnic groups. Whites had lower mean A1C concentrations (7.3%+/-0.2) than blacks (8.1%+/-0.2, P<0.05) or Mexican Americans (8.1%+/-0.2, P<0.05). Systolic blood pressure was higher in blacks compared with whites (P<0.05) and in Mexican American men compared with white men (P<0.05). Total cholesterol differed insignificantly by race/ethnicity whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher in blacks compared with whites and Mexican Americans. Blacks had the greatest 5, 10, 15, and 20-year predicted risks of CHD among men, whereas whites had the greatest predicted risks among women. When evaluated by the FRS, the 10-year predicted risk of CHD was estimated to be 22.5% by UKPDS and 17% using FRS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UKPDS estimates of probability of CHD were similar across race/ethnicities, indicating that the risk factors tended to balance out. Despite differences in individual risk factors, the estimated risk for CHD was similar for all persons with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA. jkirk@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Julienne K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: Alain G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Bertoni
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Case
authors.forename: Ronny A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Goff
authors.forename: K M Venkat
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Narayan
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People