title: Evaluation of medical image watermarking with tamper detection and recovery (AW-TDR).
abstract: This paper will study and evaluate watermarking technique by Zain and Fauzi [1]. Recommendations will then be made to enhance the technique especially in the aspect of recovery or reconstruction rate for medical images. A proposal will also be made for a better distribution of watermark to minimize the distortion of the Region of Interest (ROI). The final proposal will enhance AW-TDR in three aspects; firstly the image quality in the ROI will be improved as the maximum change is only 2 bits in every 4 pixels, or embedding rate of 0.5 bits/pixel. Secondly the recovery rate will also be better since the recovery bits are located outside the region of interest. The disadvantage in this is that, only manipulation done in the ROI will be detected. Thirdly the quality of the reconstructed image will be enhanced since the average of 2 x 2 pixels would be used to reconstruct the tampered image.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Computer Systems and Software Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang, Locked Bag 12, 25000, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. jasni@ump.edu.my
authors.forename: Jasni M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zain
authors.forename: Abdul R M
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Fauzi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016494:Computer Security; D004282:Documentation / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods*; D008296:Malaysia; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D011356:Product Labeling / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity