title: [Gene abnormalities in thyroid cancer].
abstract: A number of genetic abnormalities in oncogenes or anti-oncogenes have been identified in association with thyroid carcinogenesis. Especially, oncogenes such as ras mutation, ret/PTC and Braf mutation that constitutively activate MAP kinase pathway a refrequently found in papillary thyroid cancer. The p53 mutation aggravates differentiated thyroid cancers to anaplastic thyroid cancer. These gene alterations are studied not only to understand basically the mechanisms of oncogenesis but also to develop clinically genetic diagnosis or molecular target therapy. In this article, we review the genetic diagnostic methods and phenotype-genotype relationship of human thyroid cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Namba
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D000231:Adenocarcinoma, Papillary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D018390:Gene Targeting; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000072636:PAX8 Transcription Factor; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D017354:Point Mutation; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D000098706:Taste Receptors, Type 2; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000072636:PAX8 Transcription Factor; D047495:PPAR gamma; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000098706:Taste Receptors, Type 2; C083325:PAX8 protein, human; C064419:TRIM27 protein, human; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; C482119:BRAF protein, human