title: Development of an optical brain-machine interface.
abstract: We have developed a brain-machine interface (BMI) by using a method based on near-infrared spectroscopy. We call our interface "Optical-BMI". It functions as a practical, unrestrictive, non-invasive brain-switch without the need for large equipment. During an experiment with the prototype system, an operator manipulated external electrically controlled equipment while we measured the corresponding spatiotemporal changes in the hemoglobin concentration in the blood flowing through his or her pre-frontal cortex by using a probe cap with 22 measurement points.
authors.affiliation: Systems Development Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., 1099 Ohzenji, Asao, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. kei.utsugi.nz@hitachi.com
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Utsugi
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Takusige
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katsura
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sagara
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koizumi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008328:Man-Machine Systems; D055095:Optics and Photonics / Q000295:instrumentation; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014584:User-Computer Interface