title: The intriguing history of the human calvaria: sinister and religious.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A review of the ancient world finds multiple documentations describing the use of the human calvaria as a drinking implement.
  This term, which is frequently and incorrectly called the "calvarium," has a unique history among multiple cultures of the world. For example, the purported site of Jesus' crucifixion "Calvary" is derived from this term calvaria. The present report explores the derivation, misuse, and history of the human calvaria.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA. rstubbs@uab.edu
authors.forename: R Shane
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tubbs
authors.forename: Marios
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loukas
authors.forename: Mohammadali M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Shoja
authors.forename: Nihal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Apaydin
authors.forename: E George
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Salter
authors.forename: W Jerry
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Oakes
mesh_terms: D049669:History, 16th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D012067:Religion / Q000266:history*; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D012886:Skull