title: Tularemia vaccines - an overview.
abstract: F tularensis is among of the most virulent pathogens known, yet it remains poorly understood. Correlates of protection involve robust CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, and the production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-12. Novel approaches may be required to develop a safe vaccine that achieves these correlates. In contrast to other types of vaccines, epitope-based vaccines combine targeted biologic activity with the practical advantages of platform independence, scalable synthesis and manufacturing. These advantages, coupled with the proof of principle achieved with an epitope-based tularemia vaccine, suggest that this approach might be applied more widely to develop vaccines against other pathogens, intracellular bacteria most notably.
authors.affiliation: Epivax, Inc, Providence, RI 02903, USA. jam@epivax.com
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McMurry
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moise
authors.forename: Stephen H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: Anne S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: De Groot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018604:Epitope Mapping; D005604:Francisella tularensis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014406:Tularemia / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma