title: A porcine deep vein thrombosis model for magnetic resonance-guided monitoring of different thrombectomy procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish a porcine model of deep iliac vein thrombosis, which allows monitoring of thrombectomy and thrombolytic procedures by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Deep iliac vein thrombosis was induced in 12 domestic swine using an occlusion-balloon catheter and subsequent injection of thrombin distal to the occluded vessel site. Thrombosis induction was successfully achieved in all animals after 1 hour as verified by MRI. In addition, x-ray fluoroscopy was performed for comparison. Subsequently, thrombectomy was performed using a Fogarty catheter, an Arrow-Trerotola percutaneous thrombolytic device as well as electrical discharge-induced shock waves. The latter procedure was carried out with and without additional administration of Actilyse. MRI and x-ray fluoroscopy were repeated to monitor therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After successful thrombosis induction within the deep iliac veins in all cases, thrombus material could be completely removed using the Fogarty catheter and the Arrow-Trerotola percutaneous thrombolytic device, whereas electrical discharge-induced shock wave failed to recanalize the occluded vessel even if additional Actilyse was administered. The actual burden of thrombotic material could be reliably visualized using MRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A porcine model of deep iliac vein thrombosis model is presented, which permits reliable visualization of thrombotic material. This model might be a useful tool to compare different thrombectomy devices or to evaluate the effectiveness of new thrombolytic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany. marcus.katoh@uniklinikum-saarland.de
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haage
authors.forename: Elmar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spuentrup
authors.forename: Rolf W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Günther
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tacke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007084:Iliac Vein / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine; D017131:Thrombectomy / Q000379:methods*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*