title: Evaluation of culture, ELISA and PCR assays for the detection of Salmonella in seafood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study evaluated the efficiency of culture, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the detection of Salmonella in naturally contaminated seafood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, 215 seafood samples comprising fish, shrimp, crab, clam, mussel, oyster, squid, cuttlefish and octopus from fish market of Cochin (India), were compared by culture, ELISA and PCR methods. Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) method was followed for culture assay, and Salmonella Tek, a commercial sandwich ELISA kit, was used for ELISA assay. Salmonella-specific PCR assay was developed for 284 bp Salmonella-specific invA gene amplicon. PCR assay exhibited 31.6% seafood positive for Salmonella followed by ELISA (23.7%) and culture method (21.3%). There was fair to excellent agreement between culture, ELISA and PCR assays (kappa coefficient values ranging from 0.385 to 1.0) for different seafood samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The investigation revealed the greater concordance between culture and ELISA methods for seafood. Among the three methods, PCR assay was most sensitive. Lower detection rate with culture and ELISA assays could be attributed to greater sensitivity of the PCR method in the detection of Salmonella in seafood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose the incorporation of dual tests based on different principle and procedure for the routine analysis of Salmonella in seafood.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Mastyapuri, Cochin, India. rakesh_cift@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Surendran
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thampuran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000379:methods; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012475:Salmonella / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017747:Seafood / Q000382:microbiology*