title: Chronic adolescents and young offenders: an overview of research findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present paper is an overview of studies examining chronic, persistent offending and recidivism in adolescents and young offenders.
  
  
  METHODS
  The review focused on published papers dealing with chronic offending of adolescents and young offenders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The paper provides the picture on definition on juvenile delinquency, definition of recidivism, measurement and operationalisation of recidivism, definition of chronic offenders, correlates and predictors of chronic offending, differences and similarities between chronic and non-chronic offenders, possible genetic influences in chronic offending, proportion of criminal activity attributed to chronic young offenders, factors differentially associated with initiation, escalation, persistence and desistance in juvenile offending.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall the boundaries of the sociological approach to the study of chronic offending are stressed and the possible advantages of employing a social psychological approach to the study of chronic offending are noted.
authors.affiliation: University of Patras, Patras, Greece. skyriak@syros.aegean.gr
authors.forename: Stavros P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kiriakidis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003415:Crime / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence