title: A behavior genetic investigation of adolescent motherhood and offspring mental health problems.
abstract: The present study examines the relations between adolescent motherhood and children's behavior, substance use, and internalizing problems in a sample of 1,368 children of 712 female twins from Australia. Adolescent motherhood remained significantly associated with all mental health problems, even when using a quasiexperimental design capable of controlling for genetic and environmental confounds. However, the relation between adolescent motherhood and offspring behavior problems and substance use was partially confounded by family background variables that influence both generations. The results are consistent with a causal relation between adolescent motherhood and offspring mental health problems, and they highlight the usefulness of behavior genetic designs when examining putative environmental risks for the development of psychopathology. The generalizability of these results to the United States, which has a higher adolescent birth rate, is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesvile, VA 29904-4400, USA. kph3k@virginia.edu
authors.forename: K Paige
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Harden
authors.forename: Stacy K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Turkheimer
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: D'Onofrio
authors.forename: Wendy S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Slutske
authors.forename: Mary D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Waldron
authors.forename: Dixie J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Statham
authors.forename: Nicholas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007086:Illegitimacy / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D011247:Pregnancy; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014427:Twins / Q000235:genetics*