title: Up-regulation of p21CIP1 expression mediated by ERK-dependent and -independent pathways contributes to hepatocyte growth factor-induced inhibition of HepG2 hepatoma cell proliferation.
abstract: Strong activation of the ERK signal is required for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to inhibit proliferation of the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. However, it is still to be elucidated whether the activation alone is sufficient to induce the inhibitory effect. In this study, we constructed HepG2 cell clones expressing a high level of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and examined the effect of the strong activation of ERK on the proliferation of the cell clones. EGF treatment of the cell clones induced strong activation of ERK similar to HGF treatment, but did not inhibit cell proliferation. HGF treatment of the cell clones up-regulated the expression of a Cdk inhibitor p16(INK4a), which has previously been shown to be required to inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells, but EGF treatment did not. Furthermore, EGF treatment of the cell clones did not induce the up-regulation of another Cdk inhibitor p21(CIP1), whereas HGF treatment did. Knockdown of p21 by siRNA restored the proliferation of HepG2 cells inhibited by HGF, and restored Cdk2 activity suppressed in HGF-treated HepG2 cells. These results suggest that strong activation of ERK alone is not sufficient, and some other pathway(s), which is activated through the HGF receptor but not through EGFR, is also required to induce the up-regulation of p16 and p21 expression, and also suggest that in addition to the up-regulated expression of p16, that of p21 contributes to the suppression of Cdk2 activity leading to the inhibition of proliferation of HGF-treated HepG2 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shirako
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Yu-ichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsukada
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kitamura
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000235:genetics*; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases