title: Simultaneous temporal characterization of telecommunication optical pulses and modulators by use of spectrograms.
abstract: We demonstrate a simple technique for simultaneous and complete characterization of the optical pulses and temporal modulators commonly used in telecommunication. The electric field of a pulse and the response of a modulator are obtained from the analysis of the two-dimensional spectrogram of the pulse gated by the modulator. The measurement sensitivity is greatly improved compared with the conventional nonlinear optical techniques. Trains of picosecond pulses as weak as 10(-17)J are accurately characterized with an electroabsorption modulator as the temporal gate. The time-resolved transmission and phase of the modulator are also presented.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dorrer
authors.forename: Inuk
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kang