Carrier-envelope offset dynamics of mode-locked lasers.
We investigate coupling mechanisms between the amplitude and the carrier-envelope offset phase in mode-locked lasers. We find that nonlinear beam steering in combination with the intracavity prism compressor is the predominant mechanism that causes amplitude-to-phase conversion in our laser. A second mechanism, induced by self-steepening, is also identified. These mechanisms are important for stabilizing the carrier-envelope offset phase and also explain the extremely low pulse-to-pulse energy fluctuations observed in some lasers with carrier-envelope lock. The coupling mechanisms described have important implications for applications of few-cycle optical pulses.
Helbing
F W
FW
Steinmeyer
G
G
Keller
U
U
Windeler
R S
RS
Stenger
J
J
Telle
H R
HR