title: Dual sensory loss: overview of problems, visual assessment, and rehabilitation.
abstract: This article provides an overview of some of the problems and possible solutions surrounding the neglected issue of combined vision and hearing deficits. The subject is treated by considering each subpopulation, ranging from those who have no residual vision or hearing to those with mild coexisting vision and hearing losses. An attempt is made to relate the different types of visual deficit to the likely problems encountered in real-life activities, such as communication and travel, among individuals who also have a hearing impairment. The assessment and appropriate referral of patients with these combined deficits is discussed, including the interpretation of visual test results and the importance of factors other than standard visual acuity. Speculation is offered on potential strategies and solutions for rehabilitation as well as the need for future research and improvements in service delivery.
authors.affiliation: Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, California 94115, USA. brabyn@ski.org
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Brabyn
authors.forename: Marilyn E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Schneck
authors.forename: Gunilla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haegerstrom-Portnoy
authors.forename: Lori A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Lott
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D017281:Cost of Illness; D054062:Deaf-Blind Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D010348:Patient Care Team; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities; D011788:Quality of Life; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014787:Vision Tests; D019987:Persons with Visual Disabilities