title: Applying systems engineering principles in improving health care delivery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a highly publicized joint report, the National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine recently recommended the systematic application of systems engineering approaches for reforming our health care delivery system. For this to happen, medical professionals and managers need to understand and appreciate the power that systems engineering concepts and tools can bring to redesigning and improving health care environments and practices.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present and discuss fundamental concepts and tools of systems engineering and important parallels between systems engineering, health services, and implementation research as it pertains to the care of complex patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  An exploratory, qualitative review of systems engineering concepts and overview of ongoing applications of these concepts in the areas of hemodialysis, radiation therapy, and patient flow modeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this paper, we describe systems engineering as the process of identifying the system of interest, choosing appropriate performance measures, selecting the best modeling tool, studying model properties and behavior under a variety of scenarios, and making design and operational decisions for implementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We discuss challenges and opportunities for bringing people with systems engineering skills into health care.
authors.affiliation: School of Industrial Engineering, Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kopach-Konrad
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lawley
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Criswell
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Santanu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pekny
authors.forename: Bradley N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Doebbeling
mesh_terms: D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D013597:Systems Analysis