title: One hundred consecutive laparoscopic Nissen's without the use of a bougie.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The creation of a floppy and symmetric fundoplication over a bougie has been the standard of care in laparoscopic surgery. The use of a bougie carries a risk of esophageal perforation but lowers the risk of postoperative dysphagia. Intraoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy (IEGD) can be used to assess the orientation and position of a properly constructed Nissen. The aim of this study was to determine if IEGD can replace the routine use of a bougie in the creation of a fundoplication.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication from 2003 to 2005 were entered into a prospective database. IEGD was used in all patients instead of a bougie. Preoperative and postoperative data, including symptom scores, pH studies, manometry, and upper gastrointestinal studies, were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 100 patients completed the study for a mean follow-up period of 18 months. The mean surgical time was 102 minutes. The mean intraoperative endoscopy time was 14 minutes. There were a total of 24 (24%) alterations of the fundoplication performed according to endoscopic wrap creation. The most common alteration was removal of a fundoplication stitch in 15 patients with a tight appearance of wrap. There were no major complications. Two patients required esophageal dilatation for mild to moderate dysphagia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IEGD is a valuable tool for laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. IEGD helps to appreciate the true location of the gastroesophageal junction and allows for fundoplication adjustment based on additional visualization. The creation of a symmetric and floppy wrap during Nissen fundoplication can be facilitated greatly by intraoperative endoscopy and may lead to improved clinical outcomes without the risk of esophageal perforation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983280 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3280, USA.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bochkarev
authors.forename: Atif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Yong Kwon
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vitamvas
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oleynikov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004106:Dilatation; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D005260:Female; D018662:Fundoplication / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies