title: Advertising bans as a means of tobacco control policy: a systematic literature review of time-series analyses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper reviews the international literature that employed time-series analysis to evaluate the effects of advertising bans on aggregate consumption of cigarettes or tobacco.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search of the literature was conducted. Three groups of studies representing analyses of advertising bans in the U.S.A., in other countries and in 22 OECD countries were defined. The estimated effects of advertising bans and their significance were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  24 studies were identified. They used a wide array of explanatory variables, models, estimating methods and data sources. 18 studies found a negative effect of an advertising ban on aggregate consumption, but only ten of these studies found a significant effect. Two studies using data from 22 OECD countries suggested that partial bans would have little or no influence on aggregate consumption, whereas complete bans would significantly reduce consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results imply that advertising bans have a negative but sometimes only narrow impact on consumption. Complete bans let expect a higher effectiveness. Because of methodological restrictions of analysing advertising bans' effects by time series approaches, also different approaches should be used in the future.
authors.affiliation: Health Economics Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Wilm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Quentin
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neubauer
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leidl
authors.forename: Hans-Helmut
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: König
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D001315:Australia; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005387:Finland; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States