title: Sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic and opioid medicament use and its co-occurrence with tobacco smoking and alcohol risk drinking in a community sample.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic and opioid medicament (SO) use and its relation to tobacco smoking and alcohol risk drinking is largely unknown. Prevalence data for SO intake and its co-occurrence with tobacco smoking and alcohol risk drinking considering age are presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Random general population sample of individuals aged 20-79 drawn from a mixed rural and urban area in Germany (Study of Health in Pomerania, SHIP). All medicament intake during the past 7 days prior to the interview was assessed according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification as part of an interview conducted in a health examination center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among men, 3.0%, and among women 5.0% took SO. The proportion of SO users was higher (odds ratio 1.9; 95% confidence interval 1.1-3.4) whereas the proportions of current cigarette smokers and alcohol risk drinkers without SO use were lower among individuals aged 60-79 compared to those aged 20-39. The proportion of individuals with smoking, alcohol risk drinking or SO use was also lower among those aged 60-79 compared to the 20-39 year olds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although proportions of SO users in older adult age are higher than in younger adult age there are less subjects with any of the 3 substance use behaviors at older adult age compared to age 20-39.
authors.affiliation: University of Greifswald, Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Walter-Rathenau-Str, 48, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. ujohn@uni-greifswald.de
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: Sebastian E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Baumeister
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Völzke
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ulbricht
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alte
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives