title: Randomized trial of high-dose chemotherapy with autologous peripheral-blood stem-cell support compared with standard-dose chemotherapy in women with metastatic breast cancer: NCIC MA.16.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a multicenter, randomized trial to compare progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and quality of life in women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) receiving high-dose chemotherapy plus autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT; HDCT) compared with standard-dose therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 1997 and December 2000, 386 women with MBC and no prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease were registered. After initial response to anthracycline- or taxane-based induction chemotherapy, 224 patients were randomly assigned: 112 to high-dose cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, and carboplatin chemotherapy and ASCT (HDCT), and 112 to standard therapy (ST). Median age was 47 years (range, 25 to 67 years). Thirty two percent of women randomly assigned had estrogen and progesterone receptor-negative breast cancer, 42% had visceral metastases, and 58% had bone metastases. Complete remission rates before random assignment were 11% for those receiving HDCT and 12% for those receiving ST.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median follow-up of 48 months, 79 deaths were observed in the HDCT arm and 77 deaths were observed in the ST arm; seven patients (6%) in the HDCT arm died as a result of toxicity. The median OS was 24 months for the HDCT arm (95% CI, 21 to 35 months) and 28 months for ST (95% CI, 22 to 33 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.9; 95% CI, 0.6 to 1.2; P = .43). PFS was 11 months for HDCT and 9 months for ST (HR, 0.6 in favor of HDCT; 95% CI, 0.5 to 0.9; P = .006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HDCT did not improve OS in women with MBC when used as consolidation after response to induction chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. michael.crump@uhn.on.ca
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crump
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gluck
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kirkbride
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dancey
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.forename: Tsiporah
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shore
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Couban
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Girouard
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marlin
authors.forename: Lois
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: Kathleen I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Pritchard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015251:Epirubicin; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D005472:Fluorouracil