The intriguing history of the human calvaria: sinister and religious.
BACKGROUND
A review of the ancient world finds multiple documentations describing the use of the human calvaria as a drinking implement.
This term, which is frequently and incorrectly called the "calvarium," has a unique history among multiple cultures of the world. For example, the purported site of Jesus' crucifixion "Calvary" is derived from this term calvaria. The present report explores the derivation, misuse, and history of the human calvaria.
Tubbs
R Shane
RS
Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA. rstubbs@uab.edu
Loukas
Marios
M
Shoja
Mohammadali M
MM
Apaydin
Nihal
N
Salter
E George
EG
Oakes
W Jerry
WJ
D049669:History, 16th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D012067:Religion / Q000266:history*; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D012886:Skull