title: Willingness to use microbicides varies by race/ethnicity, experience with prevention products, and partner type.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate women's willingness to use vaginal microbicides to reduce/prevent HIV infection, using measures grounded in the individual, behavioral, and social contexts of sex.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study that enrolled a sample (N = 531) of 18-55 year old Latina, African-American, and White women in the U.S. between October, 2004, and July, 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Willingness to use microbicides and individual- and context-related variables (e.g., demographics, relationship status).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a one-dimensional, 8-item scale, with high internal consistency (alpha = .91). Subgroup analyses within the Latina (n = 166), African- American (n = 193), and White sub-samples (n = 172) also supported a unidimensional scale with strong internal validity and high reliability. Race/ethnicity as a contextual factor, a woman's history of using prevention products, and the nature of the sexual partnership were predictive of willingness to use microbicides (R = .41). That is, women with greater frequencies of condom use, a history of spermicide use, and non-main sexual partners had higher predicted Willingness to Use Microbicides scale scores, while White women had lower predicted scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Willingness to Use Microbicides scale serves as the first psychometrically validated measure of factors related to microbicide acceptability. Developing and implementing psychometrically validated and contextualized microbicide acceptability measures, in an effort to understand microbicide users and circumstances of use, is crucial to both clinical trials and future intervention studies.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Behavioral & Preventive Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, One Hoppin Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA. kmorrow@lifespan.org
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fava
authors.forename: Rochelle K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Anna L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: Candelaria
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barroso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012747:Sexual Partners; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies