title: A whole-genome RNAi Screen for C. elegans miRNA pathway genes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  miRNAs are an abundant class of small, endogenous regulatory RNAs. Although it is now appreciated that miRNAs are involved in a broad range of biological processes, relatively little is known about the actual mechanism by which miRNAs downregulate target gene expression. An exploration of which protein cofactors are necessary for a miRNA to downregulate a target gene should reveal more fully the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs are processed, trafficked, and regulate their target genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A weak allele of the C. elegans miRNA gene let-7 was used as a sensitized genetic background for a whole-genome RNAi screen to detect miRNA pathway genes, and 213 candidate miRNA pathway genes were identified. About 2/3 of the 61 candidates with the strongest phenotype were validated through genetic tests examining the dependence of the let-7 phenotype on target genes known to function in the let-7 pathway. Biochemical tests for let-7 miRNA production place the function of nearly all of these new miRNA pathway genes downstream of let-7 expression and processing. By monitoring the downregulation of the protein product of the lin-14 mRNA, which is the target of the lin-4 miRNA, we have identified 19 general miRNA pathway genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 213 candidate miRNA pathway genes identified could act at steps that produce and traffic miRNAs or in downstream steps that detect miRNA::mRNA duplexes to regulate mRNA translation. The 19 validated general miRNA pathway genes are good candidates for genes that may define protein cofactors for sorting or targeting miRNA::mRNA duplexes, or for recognizing the miRNA base-paired to the target mRNA to downregulate translation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN-7250, Boston, Massachusetts 02114-2790, USA.
authors.forename: Devin H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Parry
authors.forename: Jinling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruvkun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019295:Computational Biology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D049751:Genome, Helminth; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D018510:RNA, Helminth / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; C102669:LIN-14 protein, C elegans; D035683:MicroRNAs; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018510:RNA, Helminth; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C474488:let-7 microRNA, C elegans