title: Effects of several virucidal agents on inactivation of influenza, Newcastle disease, and avian infectious bronchitis viruses in the allantoic fluid of chicken eggs.
abstract: General theories on the inactivation of viruses in the presence of a concentrated protein, such as the allantoic fluid of chicken eggs, are not useful. That is, although sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide are generally known as strong virucidal agents, they do not sufficiently inactivate viruses in allantoic fluid. We found that benzalkonium chloride (BC) is an effective virucidal agent against influenza, Newcastle disease, and avian infectious bronchitis viruses even in the presence of a concentrated protein. BC is easily biodegradable by activated sludge and is not very harmful to humans. We strongly recommend BC as a useful virucidal agent, especially in the manufacture of vaccines for these viruses.
authors.affiliation: The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute, Kumamoto 860-8568, Japan. abe-mo@kaketsuken.or.jp
authors.forename: Motoharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Kumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiosaki
authors.forename: Chikateru
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nozaki
authors.forename: Shuro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
mesh_terms: D000482:Allantois / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D002642:Chick Embryo; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D001351:Infectious bronchitis virus / Q000187:drug effects*; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000187:drug effects; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000187:drug effects*; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000187:drug effects*; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology; D038301:Virus Inactivation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D000431:Ethanol; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite