title: Functional testosterone: biochemical assessment of hypogonadism in men--report from a multidisciplinary workshop hosted by the Ontario Society of Clinical Chemists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 2004, the Ontario Society of Clinical Chemists (OSCC) held an invitational multidisciplinary workshop to establish the most reliable, cost-effective approach to the biochemical assessment of hypogonadism in men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specialists across Canada in clinical biochemistry, endocrinology, family medicine and urology were invited to participate in this workshop which included individual presentations and a consensus component addressing two challenge statements: 1) 'Determinations for total testosterone (TT) are equivalent to those for bioavailable testosterone (BAT) or calculated BAT (cBAT) or free testosterone (FT) (by analogue radioimmunoassay or equilibrium dialysis) or calculated FT (cFT)'; 2) 'There is no good evidence that borderline low testosterone concentrations in men should be treated'. The main outcomes were to identify what agreement exists in Canada, what issues were still controversial, and what research remains to be addressed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six recommendations based on expert opinion addressed these main themes: investigate with morning total testosterone (TT) followed by repetition and reflexive testing of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) if testosterone is 8-15 nmol/L with automatic calculation of cBAT; discontinue the use of analogue free testosterone assays; and definitive methods and standards must be available to ensure standardized results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total testosterone is a reliable marker for the initial investigation of men presenting with symptoms of hypogonadism; cBAT is a reasonable follow-up test in patients with equivocal biochemical or consistent symptomatic findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Kingston General Hospital and Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. collier@cliff.path.queensu.ca
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bain
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Godwin
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lepage
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moses
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vandenberghe
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D002624:Chemistry, Clinical; D019963:Clinical Chemistry Tests / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis*; D012952:Societies; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone