title: Maternal high fat diet during the perinatal period alters mesocorticolimbic dopamine in the adult rat offspring: reduction in the behavioral responses to repeated amphetamine administration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early environment can shape the development and function of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system and represents a possible risk factor for adult pathologies. One critical variable in the early environment is nutrition, and exposure to high fat (HF) in adulthood is known to change this DA system.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We tested whether perinatal HF intake in rats could have long-term effects on DA function and behavior in adult offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat dams were fed either a control (5% fat, CD) or high fat (30% fat, HF) diet during the last week of gestation and lactation, and adult offspring were tested (PND 56-90) after weaning on CD. Locomotor responses to acute and repeated doses of D: -amphetamine (AMP, 0.75 mg/kg bw) were determined as were indices of DA function in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and the prefrontal cortex (PFC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adult HF offspring displayed increased tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the VTA and NAc and significant increases in DA and DOPAC content in the NAc, suggesting an elevated DA tone in this target field. In the NAc, there were no significant changes in D1, D2 receptors, or DA transporter (DAT) levels between diet groups. Perinatal HF feeding reduced AMP-induced locomotion and behavioral sensitization to AMP, suggesting that early diet might have caused long-lasting desensitization of postsynaptic receptor mechanisms in the NAc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that both synthetic activity in VTA neurons and the responsiveness of accumbens DA neurons is altered by maternal nutrition. These effects subside long after termination of exposure to the HF diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Center, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada.
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Naef
authors.forename: Lalit
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gratton
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hendrickson
authors.forename: S Michael
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: Claire-Dominique
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008032:Limbic System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000502:physiology; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D017557:Ventral Tegmental Area / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D004041:Dietary Fats; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D020738:Leptin; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D003913:Dextroamphetamine; D004298:Dopamine