title: Challenging patient safety culture: survey results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this paper is to measure patient safety culture in five Belgian general hospitals. Safety culture plays an important role in the approach towards greater patient safety in hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Patient Safety Culture Hospital questionnaire was distributed hospital-wide in five general hospitals. It evaluates ten patient safety culture dimensions and two outcomes. The scores were expressed as the percentage of positive answers towards patient safety for each dimension. The survey was conducted from March through November 2005. In total, 3,940 individuals responded (overall response rate = 77 per cent), including 2,813 nurses and assistants, 462 physicians, 397 physiotherapists, laboratory and radiology assistants, social workers and 64 pharmacists and pharmacy assistants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dimensional positive scores were found to be low to average in all the hospitals. The lowest scores were "hospital management support for patient safety" (35 per cent), "non-punitive response to error" (36 per cent), "hospital transfers and transitions" (36 per cent), "staffing" (38 per cent), and "teamwork across hospital units" (40 per cent). The dimension "teamwork within hospital units" generated the highest score (70 per cent). Although the same dimensions were considered problematic in the different hospitals, important variations between the five hospitals were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A comprehensive and tailor-made plan to improve patient safety culture in these hospitals can now be developed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate that important aspects of the patient safety culture in these hospitals need improvement. This is an important challenge to all stakeholders wishing to improve patient safety.
authors.affiliation: Hospital East-Limburg, Genk, Belgium. johan.hellings@zol.be
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hellings
authors.forename: Ward
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schrooten
authors.forename: Niek
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Klazinga
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vleugels
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001530:Belgium; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D016304:Hospitals, Private / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D015279:Organizational Culture; D010564:Personnel, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation; D017751:Safety Management; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013597:Systems Analysis