The increase of cell-membranous phosphatidylcholines containing polyunsaturated fatty acid residues induces phosphorylation of p53 through activation of ATR.
The G1 phase of the cell cycle is marked by the rapid turnover of phospholipids. This turnover is regulated by CTP:phosphocholine-cytidylyltransferase (CCT) and group VIA Ca(2+)-independent-phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)). We previously reported that inhibition of iPLA(2) arrests cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle by activating the p53-p21 checkpoint. Here we further characterize the mechanism of p53 activation. We show that specific inhibition of iPLA(2) induces a time dependent phosphorylation of Ser15 in p53 in the absence of DNA damage. This phosphorylation requires the kinase ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad-3-related (ATR) but not the ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase. Moreover, we identify in cell membranes a significant increase of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) containing chains of polyunsaturated fatty acids and a decrease of PCs containing saturated fatty acids in response to inhibition of iPLA(2). The time course of phosphorylation of Ser15 in p53 correlates with increasing levels of PCs containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. We further demonstrate that the PCs with linoleic acid in their sn-2 position (18:2n6) induce phosphorylation of Ser15 in p53 in an ATR-dependent manner. Our findings establish that cells can regulate the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids through iPLA(2)-mediated deacylation of PCs. Disruption of this regulation increases the proportions of PCs containing polyunsaturated fatty acids and activates the ATR-p53 signalling pathway.
Zhang
Xu Hannah
XH
Division of Experimental Diabetes and Aging, Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Zhao
Chunying
C
Ma
Zhongmin Alex
ZA
D000818:Animals; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D019916:Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000737:chemistry; D054522:Group VI Phospholipases A2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000473:pathology; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011753:Pyrones / Q000494:pharmacology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D009281:Naphthalenes; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D011753:Pyrones; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C068314:6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2H-pyran-2-one; C576597:ATR protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019916:Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase; D054522:Group VI Phospholipases A2