Differential development of murine dendritic cells by GM-CSF versus Flt3 ligand has implications for inflammation and trafficking.
To gain ample numbers of dendritic cells (DCs) for investigation, or for immunotherapy, the culture of DC precursors from bone marrow in either GM-CSF and IL-4 (GM/IL4-DCs) or Flt3L (FL-DCs) has often been used. Despite their common use, the relationship of these culture-derived DCs to those in vivo, and their relative potential for use in immunotherapy, needs further elucidation. In this study we found that in contrast to FL-DCs, highly purified GM/IL4-DCs were larger and more granular, surface Mac-3(+), and were comprised of two populations (CD24(low)CD11b(high) and CD24(high)CD11b(low)). Functionally, although comparable in T cell activation, GM/IL4-DCs produced more inflammatory mediators including TNF-alpha, IL-10, CCL-2, and NO than FL-DCs upon TLR ligation. However, FL-DCs migrated more efficiently to draining lymph nodes after s.c. injection and produced a different profile of cytokines to GM/IL4-DCs. Developmentally, unlike GM/IL4-DCs, FL-DCs cannot be differentiated from CD11b(high)Ly6C(high)Ly6G(-) monocytes. Collectively, these data suggest that the GM/IL4-DCs are the equivalents of the TNF-alpha and inducible NO synthase producing DCs in vivo that emerge after inflammation whereas FL-DCs better represent the steady-state resident DCs. The differences between GM/IL4-DCs and FL-DCs have serious implications for DC-based immunotherapeutic strategies.
Xu
Yuekang
Y
Cancer Immunology Research Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia. yuekang.xu@petermac.org
Zhan
Yifan
Y
Lew
Andrew M
AM
Naik
Shalin H
SH
Kershaw
Michael H
MH
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008024:Ligands; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology
D016207:Cytokines; D008024:Ligands; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C084881:flt3 ligand protein; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor