title: The chemistry and biology of RNA editing by adenosine deaminases.
abstract: Deamination of adenosines within mRNAs catalyzed by ADAR enzymes generates inosines at the corresponding nucleotide positions. Since inosine is decoded as guanosine, this reaction can lead to codon changes and the introduction of amino acids into a gene product not encoded in the gene. Translation of the different coding strands created by this process leads to protein structural diversity in the parent organism and is necessary for nervous system function in metazoa. The basis for selective editing of adenosines within certain codons is not well understood at the structural/biochemical level. Here we describe the use of synthetic nucleoside analogs incorporated into RNA editing substrates via the protected phosphoramidites to define aspects of the editing reaction mechanism and to carry out mechanism-based trapping of ADAR-RNA complexes. In addition, a high-throughput screen has been developed capable of rapidly identifying functional editing systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. beal@chem.ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Beal
authors.forename: Olena
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Maydanovych
authors.forename: Subhash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pokharel
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D058892:Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry; D015723:Gene Library; D009154:Mutation; D011687:Purines / Q000737:chemistry*; D017393:RNA Editing; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000737:chemistry; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins
chemical_list: D058892:Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011687:Purines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C015008:triazolopyrimidinone; C567955:ADARB1 protein, human; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase