A noninvasive continence management system: development and evaluation of a novel toileting device for women.
OBJECTIVE
This paper describes a project to develop and clinically evaluate a novel toileting device for women called the Non-Invasive Continence Management System (NICMS). The NICMS device is designed to provide an alternative toileting facility that overcomes problems some women experience when using conventional female urinals.


METHODS
A single product evaluation was completed; participants used the same device with 1 or 2 interface variants.


METHODS
Eighty women from 6 countries who were either mobile or wheelchair dependent evaluated the product over a 15-month period.


RESULTS
The device was found to be useful in some circumstances for women and their caregivers.


CONCLUSIONS
Significant further development is required for it to work reliably and to provide an acceptable device in terms of reliability, size, weight, noise, and aesthetics.
Macaulay
Margaret
M
Department of Medical Physics & Bioengineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom. m.macaulay@ucl.ac.uk
van den Heuvel
Eleanor
E
Jowitt
Felicity
F
Clarke-O'Neill
Sinead
S
Kardas
Przemyslaw
P
Blijham
Nienke
N
Leander
Hakan
H
Xu
Yu
Y
Fader
Mandy
M
Cottenden
Alan
A
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006804:Ergonomics; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D016496:Incontinence Pads / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012656:Self-Help Devices / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014038:Toilet Facilities / Q000592:standards*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D014930:Women / Q000523:psychology*