title: Essential roles of TGF-beta in anti-CD3 antibody therapy: reversal of diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice independent of Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells.
abstract: Anti-CD3 mAb have potentials to treat overt autoimmunity as reported recently. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this report, using an animal model of type 1 diabetes, we found that TGF-beta1, an important immunoregulatory cytokine, plays a critical role in anti-CD3-mediated diabetes reversion and immune tolerance. Anti-CD3 treatment increased the TGF-beta1 production, lasting for a long period of time, which contributed to maintaining peripheral tolerance by controlling pathogenic cells. Furthermore, we found that anti-CD3 treatment did not increase the forkhead box p3+ (Foxp3+)CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). When fractionated from anti-CD3-treated, remitting mice and cotransferred with splenic cells from diabetic NOD mice, these Tregs failed to inhibit diabetes development in NOD.scid mice. Moreover, we found that the depletion of these Tregs did not affect an anti-CD3-mediated, therapeutic effect and the level of TGF-beta1 production, which suggested that an increased level of TGF-beta1 may not derive from these Tregs. Thus, our data showed a dispensable role of Foxp3+CD4+ Tregs in anti-CD3 antibody-reversed diabetes in NOD mice. These findings may have an important implication for understanding the involved mechanisms responsible for immunomodulatory function of anti-CD3 antibody on autoimmune diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taiping Road, No. 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
authors.forename: Guojiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Gencheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jianan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Renxi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ruonan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Beifen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Jiahua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000276:immunology*; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D011897:Random Allocation; D017634:Self Tolerance; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; C508961:Tgfb1 protein, mouse; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1