Physical activity as primary prevention to address cancer disparities.
OBJECTIVE
To review the research literature on physical activity (PA) intervention trials, with an emphasis on underserved populations.


METHODS
Research studies, review articles, and books.


CONCLUSIONS
PA intervention studies have generally shown statistically significant but modest outcomes. Comprehensive intervention designs combining individual-level and physical environmental changes have posted the largest effect sizes, and emerging models are incorporating sociocultural and organizational environmental changes with promising results. Research including or targeting underserved populations poses unique challenges at each stage of the intervention process: design, recruitment, implementation, and evaluation. Synthesis of evidence-based approaches to address these challenges is presented.


CONCLUSIONS
Promoting PA in underserved communities is essential in improving population-level cancer outcomes. Additional resources are becoming available to nursing researchers and practitioners to aid in the conduct of PA intervention in understudied groups.
Yancey
Antronette K
AK
Department of Health Services and Center to Eliminate Health Disparities (CEHD), UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. ayancey@ucla.edu
Tomiyama
A Janet
AJ
D006801:Humans; D009043:Motor Activity; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011322:Primary Prevention