title: Changes in I K, ACh single-channel activity with atrial tachycardia remodelling in canine atrial cardiomyocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although atrial tachycardia (AT) remodelling promotes agonist-independent, constitutively active, acetylcholine-regulated K+-current (I K,ACh) that increases susceptibility to atrial fibrillation (AF), the underlying changes in I K,Ach channel function are unknown. This study aimed to establish how AT remodelling affects I K,ACh single-channel function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  I K,ACh single-channel activity was studied via cell-attached patch-clamp in isolated left atrial cardiomyocytes of control and AT (7 days, 400 min(-1)) dogs. Atrial tachycardia prolonged the mean duration of induced AF from 44 +/- 22 to 413 +/- 167 s, and reduced atrial effective refractory period at a 360 ms cycle length from 126 +/- 3 to 74 +/- 5 ms (n = 9/group, P < 0.001). In the absence of cholinergic stimulation, single-channel openings with typical I K,ACh conductance and rectification properties were sparse under control conditions. Atrial tachycardia induced prominent agonist-independent I K,ACh activity because of increased opening frequency (fo) and open probability (Po: approximately seven- and 10-fold, respectively, vs. control), but did not alter open time-constant, single-channel conductance, and membrane density. With maximum I K,ACh activation (10 micromol/L carbachol), channel Po was enhanced much more in control cells ( approximately 42-fold) than in AT-remodelled myocytes (approximately five-fold). The selective Kir3 current blocker tertiapin-Q (100 nmol/L) reduced fo and Po at -100 mV by 48 and 51%, respectively (P < 0.05 for each), without altering other channel properties, confirming the identity of I K,ACh. Atrial tachycardia had no significant effect on mRNA or protein expression of either of the subunits (Kir3.1, Kir3.4) underlying I K,ACh.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atrial tachycardia increases agonist-independent constitutive I K,ACh single-channel activity by enhancing spontaneous channel opening, providing a molecular basis for AT effects on macroscopic I K,ACh observed in previous studies, as well as associated refractoriness abbreviation and tertiapin-suppressible AF promotion. These results suggest an important role for constitutive I K,Ach channel opening in AT remodelling and support its interest as a potential target for AF therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Voigt
authors.forename: Ange
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maguy
authors.forename: Yung-Hsin
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ravens
authors.forename: Dobromir
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dobrev
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nattel
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology; D001514:Bee Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D051676:G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D006325:Heart Atria; D008297:Male; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism*; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001514:Bee Venoms; D051676:G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; C029738:tertiapin; D002217:Carbachol; D000109:Acetylcholine