NSAID use and dementia risk in the Cardiovascular Health Study: role of APOE and NSAID type.
BACKGROUND
Epidemiologic and laboratory studies suggest that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce risk of Alzheimer disease (AD). We therefore investigated the association between use of NSAIDs, aspirin, and the non-NSAID analgesic acetaminophen with incidence of dementia and AD.


METHODS
Participants in the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study included 3,229 individuals aged 65 or older, free of dementia at baseline, with information on medication use. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the association of medication use with incident all-cause dementia, AD, and vascular dementia (VaD). Additional analyses considered the NSAID-AD relationship as a function of age, presence of at least one epsilon 4 allele at APOE, race, and individual NSAIDs' reported ability to reduce production of the amyloid-beta peptide variant A beta(42).


RESULTS
Use of NSAIDs was associated with a lower risk of dementia (adjusted hazard ratio or aHR 0.76, 95% CI or CI 0.60-0.96) and, in particular, AD (aHR 0.63, CI 0.45-0.88), but not VaD (aHR 0.92, CI 0.65-1.28). No similar trends were observed with acetaminophen (aHR 0.99, CI 0.79-1.24). Closer examination suggested AD risk reduction with NSAIDs only in participants having an APOE epsilon 4 allele (aHR 0.34, CI 0.18-0.65; aHR for others 0.88, CI 0.59-1.32). There was no advantage in AD risk reduction with NSAIDs reported to selectively reduce A beta(42).


CONCLUSIONS
Results were consistent with previous cohort studies showing reduced risk of AD in NSAID users, but this association was found only in those with an APOE epsilon 4 allele, and there was no advantage for A beta(42)-lowering NSAIDs.
Szekely
C A
CA
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Hampton House Room 857, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Breitner
J C S
JC
Fitzpatrick
A L
AL
Rea
T D
TD
Psaty
B M
BM
Kuller
L H
LH
Zandi
P P
PP
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects*; D003704:Dementia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001057:Apolipoproteins E