title: Induction and emergence behavior of children undergoing general anesthesia correlates with maternal salivary amylase activity before the anesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The parents of the children who undergo surgery experience stress during the pre-anesthetic period. Such stress influences the mental status of their children, thereby inducing their pre-anesthetic anxiety and problematic behavior at emergence. Recently, measurement of salivary biomarkers was evaluated as stress biomarkers. Especially, alpha-amylase is utilized as an excellent index for psychological stress. In the present study, we tested whether salivary amylase activity of mothers before the surgery of their children correlates with the peri-operative children's behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 22 pairs of mothers and children were analyzed. Maternal salivary amylase activity was evaluated at the entrance of the operation room. The children underwent minor plastic surgery under general anesthesia, and induction and emergence behaviors were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The higher the maternal salivary amylase activity, the severer the children's induction anxiety (r(s)=-0.667, n=22, P<0.0001), and the higher the maternal amylase activity, the severer the children's emergence agitation (r(s)=0.705, n=22, P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Induction and emergence behaviors of children undergoing general anesthesia significantly correlated with their respective maternal salivary amylase activity during the pre-anesthetic period.
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan. arainon@aichi-med-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y-C P
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kandatsu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Satake
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ushida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komatsu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000681:Amylases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D012463:Saliva / Q000201:enzymology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000681:Amylases