title: One-solvent extraction of astaxanthin from lactic acid fermented shrimp wastes.
abstract: Free astaxanthin one-solvent extractions with ethanol, acetone, and liquid 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane from raw and lactic acid fermented (ensilaged) shrimp residues were investigated. The total carotenoid recovery from ensilaged shrimp wastes was higher than that from non-ensilaged ones as assessed by HPLC analyses. Acetone gave the highest extraction yields of free astaxanthin with up to 115 microg/g of material. Moreover, liquid tetrafluoroethane is reported for the first time in a successful one-solvent extraction of carotenoids from shrimp.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Química, Departamento Alimentos y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México D.F. 04510, Mexico.
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gimeno
authors.forename: Jessica Yesemite
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Hernández
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mártinez-Ibarra
authors.forename: Neith
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.forename: Roeb
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: García-Arrazola
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bárzana
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirai
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone; D000818:Animals; D000431:Ethanol; D005285:Fermentation; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012820:Silage / Q000032:analysis; D012997:Solvents; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004980:Ethane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005466:Fluorocarbons
chemical_list: D000096:Acetone; D000431:Ethanol; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D007220:Industrial Waste; D019344:Lactic Acid; D012997:Solvents; D024341:Xanthophylls; C005948:astaxanthine; C063006:norflurane; D004980:Ethane; D005466:Fluorocarbons