title: [Treating heart failure with carvedilol in private practice (initiating treatment and follow-up at one year. The KEOPS study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed at describing usual conditions of carvedilol use in heart failure (HF) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  KEOPS was a one-year, multi-centre, prospective pharmaco-epidemiological study in carvedilol treated HF patients recruited by private cardiologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two thousand nine patients (mean age: 68) with heart failure were included by 401 cardiologists. 64% of patients were in class II of NYHA and 27% in class III, 87% of patients presented stable heart failure for at least four weeks. Contraindication to beta blocking was observed in 24% of patients, mean left ventricular fraction of ejection was 39% and only 39% of patients had mean left ventricular fraction of ejection<35%. Co-medications included a diuretic agent, ACE inhibitor or ARB in 68% of cases. Eighty three percent of patients had a titration of carvedilol (median duration=1 20 days). Thirty percent reached the recommended maximal dose. The dose of carvedilol at the titration's visit for all the patients (patient in stop included) was on average 30.5 +/- 22.1 mg/day with a median on 25 [confidence interval: 23-27] During the year of follow-up, 10% of patients have stopped the treatment (3% of patients having reached the maximum recommended dose of carvedilol versus 13% for the others), for cardiovascular reasons in 50% of patients (aggravation of heart failure: 28%, symptomatic arterial hypotension: 9%, symptomatic bradycardia: 5%). Finally, symptomatology of patients has improved during the study (59% of patients in class mild to severe at inclusion, versus 36% at the end of the observation), especially for the 30% of patients followed at one year and having reached the maximum recommended dose of carvedilol. Only in univariate analysis, patients with an inclusion high weight (>85 kg) were likely less to reach recommended maximal dose (37.2 versus 8.7%, p-value<0.0001), the patients with systolic heart failure had more chance than the patients with diastolic heart failure to reach the recommended maximal dose (31 versus 17.4%, p-value=0.006), in the same way, the lack of auricular supported more the reach of recommended maximal dose (31.2 versus 24.1%, p-value=0.018)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  KEOPS study suggests an improvement of usual conditions of carvedilol compared to the last investigation but the persistence of prescription outside medical authorization and less dosage of this product compared with clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Service de cardiologie, université Pierre et Marie Curie; hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris. michel. komajda@psl.aphp.fr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komajda
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amouyel
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bergougnoux
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laperche
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Groote
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jaillon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cohen-Solal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011331:Private Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012955:Societies, Medical; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002227:Carbazoles; D011412:Propanolamines; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000077261:Carvedilol