title: Staying out in the cold: glacial refugia and mitochondrial DNA phylogeography in ancient European brown bears.
abstract: Models for the development of species distribution in Europe typically invoke restriction in three temperate Mediterranean refugia during glaciations, from where recolonization of central and northern Europe occurred. The brown bear, Ursus arctos, is one of the taxa from which this model is derived. Sequence data generated from brown bear fossils show a complex phylogeographical history for western European populations. Long-term isolation in separate refugia is not required to explain our data when considering the palaeontological distribution of brown bears. We propose continuous gene flow across southern Europe, from which brown bear populations expanded after the last glaciation.
authors.affiliation: Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, c/Sinesio Delgado 4 Pabellon 14, 28029 Madrid, Spain. cvaldiosera@isciii.es
authors.forename: Cristina E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Valdiosera
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Anderung
authors.forename: Love
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dalén
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Crégut-Bonnoure
authors.forename: Ralf-Dietrich
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Kahlke
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stiller
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brandström
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Juan Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Arsuaga
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Götherström
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Barnes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D003081:Cold Climate; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003116:Color; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D005060:Europe; D005843:Geography; D046448:Ice Cover; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D001503:Ursidae / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D009711:Nucleotides