title: Dietary Korean mistletoe enhances cellular non-specific immune responses and survival of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica).
abstract: The present study was performed to investigate the immunostimulatory effects of Korean mistletoe extract (KM-110; Viscum album Coloratum) on the non-specific immune response and protection against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). Eels were fed under 4 regimes, 0%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% KM-110 mixed diet. On day 14 after feeding, 15 fish from each group were injected i.p. with live A. hydrophila (3 x 10(6)CFU) and the remaining unchallenged fish from each group were used to study the innate immune response. On 14 days post-infection, the total survival rates were 26.6% in control, and 33.3%, 66.6% and 80% in 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% KM-110-treated groups, respectively. The maximum lysozyme activity was observed in the 1% KM-110-treated group. There was no significant difference of lysozyme activity between 0.1% and 0.5% KM-110 group. Superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production was significantly (p<0.05) augmented in the 0.5% and 1% KM-110 groups compared to the control and 0.1% KM-110 group. No significant difference of (O(2)(-) production was found between 0.5% and 1% KM-110 group. Likewise, there was a significant increase in phagocytic activity in the 0.5% KM-110 group compared with the 0.1% group (p<0.05), but no significant difference between the 0.5% and the 1% KM-110 group indicating that 0.5% KM-110 concentration is suitable for stimulating maximum phagocytic activity resulting in a high amount of ROI production. Considering the present results, KM-110 could be utilized as a promising immunostimulating substance for a diet in aquaculture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Kunsan National University, Kunsan, Jeonbuk 573-400, Republic of Korea. shchoi@kunsan.ac.kr
authors.forename: Sang-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kwan-Ha
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Taek-Joon
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Jong-Bae
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yong-Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Chung Hyeon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Choe
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000276:immunology; D000811:Anguilla / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D016019:Survival Analysis; D028182:Viscum album / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009113:Muramidase