title: Bacterial L-forms require peptidoglycan synthesis for cell division.
abstract: Cell-wall-less bacterial variants, or L-forms, have been described in many bacterial species under laboratory conditions, in infected eukaryotic cell cultures and inside animals. Of special interest for human health is the formation of L-forms as a consequence of specific antibiotic treatments, and the potential involvement of L-forms in persistent and relapsing infections. An old enigma about L-forms is how they can divide in the absence of cell wall synthesis, since septum formation is an essential requisite for cell division. However, the classical definition of L-forms as cell-wall-less bacterial variants may need a revision to accommodate recent observations by Richard d'Ari and coworkers: genetic and biochemical evidence indicates that E. coli L-forms induced by beta-lactam antibiotics do contain small amounts of peptidoglycan, essential for their growth and probably required for septum formation. If these observations are extrapolated to all known L-forms, the very concept of cell-wall-less bacteria may need revision, and be restricted to mycoplasmas and their relatives.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain. casadesus@us.es
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casadesús
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics; D002455:Cell Division; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000166:cytology; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D010457:Peptidoglycan