title: Calsarcin-1 protects against angiotensin-II induced cardiac hypertrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously shown that deficiency for the z-disc protein calsarcin-1 (CS1) sensitizes the heart to calcineurin signaling and to stimuli of pathological hypertrophy. In the present study we asked whether overexpression of CS1 might exhibit antihypertrophic effects, and therefore we tested this hypothesis both in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adenoviral gene transfer of CS1 into neonatal cardiomyocytes inhibited hypertrophy as a result of Gq-agonist stimulation, including angiotensin-II (Ang-II), endothelin-1, and phenylephrine. Consistently, Adenoviral gene transfer of CS1 also led to the reduction of increased levels of atrial natriuretic factor (mRNA) and the calcineurin-sensitive gene MCIP1.4, suggesting that CS1 inhibits calcineurin-dependent signaling. Furthermore, we generated CS1-overexpressing transgenic mice (CS1Tg). Unchallenged CS1Tg mice did not exhibit a pathological phenotype as assessed by echocardiography and analysis of cardiac gene expression. Likewise, when subjected to long-term infusion of Ang-II, both CS1Tg and wild-type mice developed a similar degree of arterial hypertension. Yet, in contrast to wild-type mice, Ang-II-treated CS1Tg animals did not display cardiac hypertrophy. Despite the absence of hypertrophy, both fractional shortening and dP/dt(max) were preserved in CS1Tg Ang-II-treated mice as assessed by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization, respectively. Moreover, induction of the hypertrophic gene program (atrial natriuretic factor, brain natriuretic peptide) was markedly blunted, and expression of the calcineurin-dependent gene MCIP1.4 was significantly reduced in CS1Tg mice, again consistent with an inhibitory role of CS1 on calcineurin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sarcomeric protein CS1 prevents Ang-II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy at least in part via inhibition of calcineurin signaling. Thus, overexpression of CS1 might represent a novel approach to attenuate pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Derk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Eickels
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gehring
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hanselmann
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lippl
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Will
authors.forename: Hugo A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Katus
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Frey
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C511512:DSCR1 protein, mouse; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C419779:MYOZ2 protein, human; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000804:Angiotensin II; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D019703:Calcineurin