title: Neurotoxocarosis.
abstract: Infection of humans with embryonated eggs of Toxocara canis (larva migrans) remains asymptomatic, or results in covert or common toxocarosis, visceral larva migrans syndrome, or ophthalmologic and neurologic impairment. Though neurological manifestations of Toxocara canis larvae are rare, toxocarosis remains an important differential diagnosis of various neurological disorders. Manifestations of the central nervous system are dementia, meningo-encephalitis, myelitis, cerebral vasculitis, epilepsy, or optic neuritis. Manifestations of the peripheral nervous system comprise radiculitis, affection of cranial nerves, or musculo-skeletal involvement. If toxocarosis is neglected, ignored, or refused as a differential of these abnormalities, it may be easily overlooked for years. Early recognition and treatment of the infection is, however, of paramount importance since it reduces morbidity and mortality and the risk of secondary superinfection. Like the visceral manifestations, neurological manifestations of toxocarosis are treated by benzimidazole components, most frequently albendazole, corticosteroids, or diethylcarbamazine. If detected and treated early, the prognosis of neurological manifestations of toxocarosis is favourable.
authors.affiliation: Neurological Department, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung. fifigs1@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Finsterer
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Auer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D020809:Central Nervous System Helminthiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology*; D017166:Toxocara canis; D014120:Toxocariasis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy