title: Inactivation kinetics of adenovirus serotype 2 with monochloramine.
abstract: The effect of pH (6-10), temperature (10-30 degrees C), disinfectant concentration (1-11mg/l as Cl(2)), and ammonia nitrogen-to-chlorine molar ratio (1.3-52) on the inactivation kinetics of adenovirus serotype 2 with monochloramine was investigated by performing batch-reactor experiments with synthetic 0.01M buffer (phosphate or borate) solutions. The inactivation kinetics was independent of monochloramine concentration and ammonia nitrogen-to-chlorine molar ratio but had strong pH dependence, with the rate of inactivation decreasing with increasing pH. The kinetics at pH 6 and 8 were consistent with pseudo-first-order kinetics, while curves at pH 10 were characterized by a lag phase followed by a pseudo-first-order phase. The rate of inactivation increased with increasing temperature-activation energies of 56.5kJ/mole (pH 8) and 72.6kJ/mole (pH 10). The results obtained in this study revealed that monochloramine disinfection might not generally provide adequate control of adenoviruses in drinking water at high pH and low temperature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Kwanrawee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sirikanchana
authors.forename: Joanna L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Shisler
authors.forename: Benito J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Mariñas
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002700:Chloramines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics
chemical_list: D002700:Chloramines; C030816:chloramine