title: Evaluation of ecotoxicity and fate of methylated butyltins in sediments and seawater from Tokyo Bay, Japan.
abstract: We analyzed the fate of organotins in seawater and sediments from Tokyo Bay, Japan, by gas chromatography/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We also measured the toxicity of methylated butyltins by in vitro bioassays, the retinoid X receptor (RXR) activation method, and the marine luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri. Concentrations of tributyltin (TBT) and tributylmonomethyltin (TBMMT) in seawater were 0.0636 to 0.419 and 0.0050 to 0.108 ng Sn/L and in sediment were 7.51 to 17.8 and 3.67 to 6.87 ng Sn/wet weight g, respectively. Methylated butyltins did not activate RXR and were not toxic to bacteria. Tributylmonomethyltin in seawater would elute from sediment since TBMMT-to-TBT ratios showed a positive correlation (r(2) = 0.858) between sediment and deep seawater. Both methylation and debutylation of TBT seem to be major routes of decomposition of TBT in sediment. Methylation of TBT would not only cause subsequent volatilization but also decrease the toxicity of TBT species in the marine environment.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: Fujio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Ramaswamy Babu
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Rajendran
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Horiguchi
authors.forename: Kisaburo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D048908:Aliivibrio fischeri / Q000187:drug effects; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D007564:Japan; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009947:Organotin Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D009947:Organotin Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical