title: Optimizing exposure of the posterolateral maxillary and pterygoid region: the lower cheek flap.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Description of an alternative surgical approach to the posterolateral maxillary and pterygoid region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients with posterior maxillary/pterygoid lesions are described in whom a lower cheek flap was used to achieve optimal surgical exposure. After midline division of the soft tissues of the lower lip and chin, the incision is extended posteriorly in the inferior gingivobuccal sulcus and continued lateral from the retromolar trigone in the upward direction lateral from the maxillary tuberosity. The flap is elevated under the periosteum towards the angle of the mandible with detachment of the masseter muscle. By marginal resection of the anterior part of the ascending mandible, visualisation of the posterolateral maxillary and pterygoid region can be optimized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As compared to the transoral approach, the lower cheek flap creates an optimal surgical exposure of the posterolateral maxillary sinus wall and pterygoid plates and should be considered for maxillary lesions extending into the pterygoid plate and pterygoid muscles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.balm@nki.nl
authors.forename: A J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Balm
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Smeele
authors.forename: P J F M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lohuis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002610:Cheek; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D008444:Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D010157:Palatal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D011626:Pterygoid Muscles / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery*