title: The Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes (SOHO) study: 3-year results of antipsychotic treatment discontinuation and related clinical factors in Spain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This article presents the long-term results in terms of antipsychotic medication maintenance and factors influencing it in a representative sample of patients with schizophrenia recruited in the SOHO study within Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SOHO was a prospective, 3-year observational study of the outcomes of schizophrenia treatment in outpatients who initiated therapy or changed to a new antipsychotic performed in 10 European countries with a focus on olanzapine. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyse the time to treatment discontinuation and the Cox proportional hazards model to investigate correlates of discontinuation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In total, 1688 patients were included in the analyses. Medication maintenance at 3years varied with the antipsychotic prescribed, being highest with clozapine (57.6%, 95% CI 39.2-74.5), followed by olanzapine (48.3%, 95% CI 45.1-51.5); and lowest with quetiapine (19.0%, 95% CI 13.0-26.3). Treatment discontinuation was significantly less frequent with olanzapine than with risperidone (p=0.015), depot typical (p=0.001), oral typical antipsychotics (p<0.001) or quetiapine (p<0.001); but not than with clozapine (p=0.309). Longer maintenance was also associated with higher social abilities and better cognitive status at baseline; in contrast, a shorter time to discontinuation was associated with the need for mood stabilisers during follow-up. This study emphasises the different value of antipsychotics in day-to-day clinical practice, as some of them were associated with longer medication maintenance periods than others. This study has some limitations because of possible selection and information biases derived from the non-systematic, non-randomised allocation to treatments and the existence of unobserved covariates that may influence the outcome.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research, Department of Research and Development, Lilly, S.A. Avda. de la Industria, 30, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain. ciudad_antonio@lilly.com
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciudad
authors.forename: Josep María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Haro
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bousoño
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Suárez
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Novick
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gilaberte
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003024:Clozapine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003987:Dibenzothiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D000077152:Olanzapine; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010352:Patient Dropouts / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate; D018967:Risperidone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013030:Spain; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003987:Dibenzothiazepines; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate; D003024:Clozapine; D018967:Risperidone; D000077152:Olanzapine