title: Mechanism and substrate recognition of human holo ACP synthase.
abstract: Mammals utilize a single phosphopantetheinyl transferase for the posttranslational modification of at least three different apoproteins: the carrier protein components of cytosolic and mitochondrial fatty acid synthases and the aminoadipate semialdehyde reductase involved in lysine degradation. We determined the crystal structure of the human phosphopantetheinyl transferase, a eukaryotic phosphopantetheinyl transferase characterized, complexed with CoA and Mg(2+), and in ternary complex with CoA and ACP. The involvement of key residues in ligand binding and catalysis was confirmed by mutagenesis and kinetic analysis. Human phosphopantetheinyl transferase exhibits an alpha/beta fold and 2-fold pseudosymmetry similar to the Sfp phosphopantetheinyl transferase from Bacillus subtilis. Although the bound ACP exhibits a typical four-helix structure, its binding is unusual in that it is facilitated predominantly by hydrophobic interactions. A detailed mechanism is proposed describing the substrate binding and catalytic process.
authors.affiliation: Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bunkoczi
authors.forename: Saloni
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pasta
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Xiaoqiu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Kathryn L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kavanagh
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Oppermann
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002384:Catalysis; D003065:Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; D008274:Magnesium; D003065:Coenzyme A