title: Area disadvantage, individual socio-economic position, and premature cancer mortality in Australia 1998 to 2000: a multilevel analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine associations between area and individual socio-economic characteristics and premature cancer mortality using multilevel analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We modeled cancer mortality among 25-64-year-old men and women (n = 16,340) between 1998 and 2000 in Australia. Socio-economic characteristics of Statistical Local Areas (n = 1,317) were measured using an Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage (quintiles), and individual socio-economic position was measured by occupation (professionals, white and blue collar).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for within-area variation in age and occupation, the probability of premature cancer mortality was highest in the most disadvantaged areas for all-cancer mortality for men (RR 1.48 95% CI 1.35-1.63) and women (RR 1.30 95% CI 1.18-1.43) and for lung cancer mortality for men (1.91 95% CI 1.63-2.25) and women (1.51 95% CI 1.04-2.18). Men in blue collar occupations had a higher rate of cancer mortality (RR 1.57 95% CI 1.50-1.65) and lung cancer mortality (RR 2.31 95 % CI 2.09-2.56), whereas men in white collar occupations had a lower all-cancer mortality rate (RR 0.78 95% CI 0.72-0.85). Compared with professionals, women in white collar occupations had an all-cancer mortality rate that was lower (RR 0.85 95% CI 0.80-0.90). When deaths from breast cancer were excluded, women in blue collar occupations had a significantly higher all-cancer mortality rate than professionals (RR 1.12 95% CI 1.02-1.22).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Area disadvantage and individual socio-economic position were independently associated with premature cancer mortality, suggesting that interventions to reduce inequalities should focus on places and people.
authors.affiliation: Key Center for Women's Health in Society, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. brj@unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kavanagh
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Turrell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D009790:Occupations; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors