title: Anthelmintic efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and the homeopathic product Fator Vermes in Morada Nova sheep.
abstract: Gastrointestinal nematodes are becoming increasingly resistant to the commercial products used to control them. The cost of routine vermifuge applications on herds and the problem of residues in animal products and the environment have prompted research on the anthelmintic activity of plant extracts. This work examines the anthelmintic action of neem and the homeopathic product Fator Vermes in sheep kept in a pasture for 18 months. Forty sheep of the Morada Nova breed were divided into four treatments and the control, according to the EPG. During the experiment, each animal received 100 g/day of shredded corn and did not receive protein supplementation. In treatment 1 (control), the animals received only shredded corn. Treatment 2 received 1.6 g/(animal day) of the homeopathic product mixed with the shredded corn, and treatments 3, 4 and 5 received, respectively, 12.5, 25.0 and 37.5 g/(animal day) of dried Azadirachta indica leaves mixed with the shredded corn. The neem was administered for alternating 15-day periods and the homeopathic product daily for 18 months. There were 39 fortnightly fecal collections made to count the EPG, and fecal cultures were performed monthly. The following genera, in percentage, were identified: Haemonchus: 65.58+/-3.27, Trichostrongylus: 15.92+/-7.38 and Oesophagostomum: 18.50+/-6.22. The treatments evaluated were not effective in controlling gastrointestinal nematodes (P>0.05), whose mean log(10) counts (EPG +1) and standard errors for treatments 1-5 were respectively 3.55+/-0.28; 3.48+/-0.31; 3.90+/-0.29; 2.78+/-0.29 and 3.48+/-0.30. A significant effect (P<0.0001) was observed of the periods of the year when the 39 collections occurred. Because of the diet deficient in raw protein, the sheep had higher average EPG counts, for all the treatments, at the end of the dry season, and the opposite occurred in the middle of the rainy season.
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rod Washington Luiz, Km 234, Caixa Postal 339, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil. carolina@cppse.embrapa.br
authors.forename: A C S
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Chagas
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: M R A
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Araújo-Filho
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Araguão
authors.forename: A M C
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Navarro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D031601:Azadirachta / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006188:Haemonchiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D006189:Haemonchus / Q000187:drug effects; D009348:Nematoda / Q000187:drug effects; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000662:veterinary; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D011897:Random Allocation; D012621:Seasons; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D010936:Plant Extracts