title: Intraocular tuberculosis--an update.
abstract: The lack of any uniform diagnostic criteria for intraocular tuberculosis, in either immunocompetent or immunocompromised individuals, has contributed to the confusion regarding diagnosis and management. However, recent studies addressing the clinical significance of purified protein derivative test results, computerized tomography of the chest, and molecular diagnostic procedures have provided a new approach to establishing the diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis. The current review focuses on the diagnostic modalities used for the clinical management of intraocular tuberculosis, with the emphasis on diagnostic criteria, various clinical features, and treatments recommended in recent publications. Furthermore, the current review addresses the diagnostic criteria for intraocular tuberculosis, the spectrum of tuberculosis in patients with AIDS and in those on anti-tumor necrosis factor agents, and management of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. eyepgi@sify.com
authors.forename: Vishali
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Amod
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Narsing A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D011379:Prognosis; D014392:Tuberculosis, Ocular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents