title: Preservation of the internal jugular vein in the radical treatment of node-positive neck--is it safe?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors of neck recurrence in patients with pN+ necks submitted to a modified or a classic radical neck dissection and the safety of preserving the internal jugular vein in the treatment of a subgroup of these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 311 untreated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (106 cases), oropharynx (95 cases), larynx (49 cases), and hypopharynx (61 cases) were reviewed. Their clinical stages (CS) were CS II in 1%, CS III in 19.9%, CS IVA in 76.2%, and CS IVB in 19.6% of the cases. All patients were pN+.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ipsilateral neck recurrence occurred in 18 cases (5.8%), 14 cases (4.5%) where the internal jugular vein was resected, and 4 cases (1.3%) where the internal jugular vein was preserved. Neck recurrence did not have significant correlation with tumor site (P = .852), T stage (P = .369), N stage (P = .963), adjuvant radiotherapy (P = .701), number of positive lymph nodes (P = .886), jugular vein preservation (P = .240), and extracapsular spread (P = .670). There was significant correlation between neck recurrence and the lymph node size (.040).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modified radical neck dissection with internal jugular vein preservation can be performed in selected patients with lymph node metastases, with no significant increase in the risk of neck recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Centro de Tratamento e Pesquisa Hospital do Câncer A. C. Camargo, Fundação Antonio Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Everton Pontes
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: João Gonçalves
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.forename: Ivan Marcelo Gonçalves
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Agra
authors.forename: André Lopes
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Magrin
authors.forename: Luiz Paulo
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Kowalski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D037981:Neck Dissection; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome