title: A phase I dose escalation study of BIBW 2992, an irreversible dual inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR) and 2 (HER2) tyrosine kinase in a 2-week on, 2-week off schedule in patients with advanced solid tumours.
abstract: To assess tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and clinical activity of the dual epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 1 and 2 (HER2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor BIBW 2992. An escalating schedule of once-daily (OD) BIBW 2992 for 14 days followed by 14 days off medication was explored. Thirty-eight patients were enrolled. Dose levels were 10, 20, 30, 45, 70, 85, and 100 mg. At 100 mg dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) (common toxicity criteria grade 3 skin rash and grade 3 diarrhoea despite treatment with loperamide) occurred in two patients. In the next-lower dose of 70 mg, DLT (grade 3 fatigue and ALAT elevation) occurred in one of six patients. An intermediate dose level of 85 mg was studied. Here DLT occurred in two patients (grade 3 diarrhoea despite treatment and grade 2 diarrhoea lasting more than 7 days despite treatment). An additional 12 patients were treated at 70 mg. BIBW 2992 PK after single and multiple doses revealed moderately fast absorption, and no deviation from dose proportionality. Pharmacodynamics analysis in skin biopsies did not show significant changes in EGFR-associated biomarkers. However, a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation index of epidermal keratinocytes was observed. No partial or complete responses were observed, stable disease lasting more than four cycles was seen in seven patients. The recommended dose for studies with BIBW 2992 for 14 days followed by 14 days off medication is 70 mg OD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. f.eskens@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: F A L M
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Eskens
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Mom
authors.forename: A S T
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Planting
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gietema
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amelsberg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huisman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Doorn
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stopfer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verweij
authors.forename: E G E
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: de Vries
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000077716:Afatinib; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000077716:Afatinib; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D011799:Quinazolines; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; C512478:EGFR protein, human