Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein predicts long-term mortality after acute coronary syndrome and identifies high-risk patients across the range of troponin values.
OBJECTIVE
Our aim was to determine if a high-performance assay for heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) has a role in predicting all-cause mortality after acute coronary syndrome (ACS).


BACKGROUND
Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein is released into the circulation following myocardial ischemia and necrosis and therefore may be of value to physicians when caring for patients admitted to hospital with a clinical diagnosis of ACS.


METHODS
This was a prospective observational study with a follow-up of 12 months. The H-FABP was measured 12 to 24 h after onset of symptoms in 1,448 patients admitted to hospital with ACS. The main outcome measure was all-cause mortality 1 year after index hospital admission. Multivariable analyses were conducted using the well validated GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) variables together with troponin I and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).


RESULTS
After 12 months of follow-up, 296 patients had died. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that H-FABP quartiles were strongly predictive of outcome: Q1 hazard ratio (HR) 1.0; Q2 HR 2.32 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25 to 4.30; p = 0.007); Q3 HR 3.17 (95% CI 1.73 to 5.82; p < 0.001); Q4 HR 4.88 (95% CI 2.67 to 8.93; p < 0.001). The crude all-cause 1-year mortality for unstable angina patients with H-FABP <5.8 microg/l was 2.1% compared with 22.9% for patients above this cutoff. The adjusted all-cause mortality HR in this group was 11.35 (95% CI 2.00 to 64.34; p = 0.006).


CONCLUSIONS
Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein predicts long-term mortality after ACS and identifies high-risk patients in a manner that is additive to the GRACE clinical risk factors, troponin, and hs-CRP, possibly as a result of identifying the occurrence of myocardial ischemia with or without necrosis.
Kilcullen
Niamh
N
Coronary Artery Disease Clinical Research Network Group, Leeds Institute for Genetic, Health & Therapeutics, Leeds, United Kingdom. niamhkilcullen@doctors.org.uk
Viswanathan
Karthik
K
Das
Rajiv
R
Morrell
Christine
C
Farrin
Amanda
A
Barth
Julian H
JH
Hall
Alistair S
AS
D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000074026:Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood*
C493408:FABP3 protein, human; D000074026:Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D019210:Troponin I