The epidemiology of sexual dysfunctions.
BACKGROUND
Epidemiology can be defined as the population study of the occurrence of health and disease. The knowledge of the rates of occurrence of sexual dysfunctions and the primary risk factors for these conditions is very important to assist in assessing the risk and planning treatment and prevention programs in sexual medicine.


OBJECTIVE
Review modern studies of the prevalence and incidence of sexual dysfunction in an effort to establish a consensus concerning the frequency of occurrence of these conditions, and review the strengths and liabilities of design methodology in the field.


METHODS
Review of peer-reviewed literature.


RESULTS
The findings suggest that sexual dysfunctions are highly prevalent in our society worldwide, and that the occurrence of sexual dysfunctions increases directly with age for both men and women. There is also a strong support for the finding that although the frequency of symptoms increases with age, personal distress about those symptoms appears to diminish as individuals become older. An additional uniform result was that specific medical conditions and health behaviors represent major risk factors for sexual disorders, and that many of these health conditions also have a strong positive relationship with age.


CONCLUSIONS
Progress has been made concerning both the number and quality of epidemiologic prevalence studies in sexual medicine; however, there is a paucity of studies of the incidence of these conditions. Because reliable incidence data are critical for prevention and treatment planning, the design and execution of the incidence trials should become a high priority for the field. In addition, repeated calls for the development of a new systematic and integrated diagnostic system in sexual medicine were also evident, because of the perception by many that the imprecision of our current diagnostic system represents the "rate-limiting step" for the epidemiology of the field. The review suggests that although much has been accomplished in the past 15-20 years, much remains to be done.
Derogatis
Leonard R
LR
Center for Sexual Medicine at Sheppard Pratt, Baltimore, MD, USA. lderogatis@sheppardpratt.org
Burnett
Arthur L
AL
D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007391:International Cooperation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D020018:Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology