title: Hemodialysis-induced cardiac dysfunction is associated with an acute reduction in global and segmental myocardial blood flow.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hemodialysis is associated with hemodynamic instability, acute cardiac ischemia, and the development of regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMAs). This study used serial intradialytic H(2)(15)O positron emission tomography scanning to confirm that the development of dialysis-induced RWMAs was associated with reduction in myocardial blood flow (MBF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four prevalent hemodialysis patients without angiographically significant coronary artery disease had measurements of MBF during standard hemodialysis and biofeedback dialysis. All patients underwent serial measurements of MBF using positron emission tomography. Concurrent echocardiography was used to assess left ventricular function and the development of RWMAs. Hemodynamic variables were measured using continuous pulse wave analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean prehemodialysis MBF was within the normal range. Global MBF was acutely reduced during hemodialysis. Segmental MBF was reduced to a significantly greater extent in areas that developed RWMAs compared with those that did not. Not all regions with reduced MBF were functionally affected, but a reduction in myocardial blood flow of >30% from baseline was significantly associated with the development of RWMAs. No significant differences in hemodynamic tolerability, RWMA development, or MBF between dialysis modalities were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemodialysis is associated with repetitive myocardial ischemia, which, in the absence of coronary artery disease, may be due to coronary microvascular dysfunction. Stress-induced segmental left ventricular dysfunction correlates with matched reduction in MBF. Functional poststress recovery is consistent with myocardial stunning induced by hemodialysis. This process may be important in the development of heart failure in long-term hemodialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Renal Medicine, Derby City Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby, DE22 3NE, UK. chris.mcintyre@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Christopher W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: James O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Nicholas M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Selby
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leccisotti
authors.forename: Shvan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Korsheed
authors.forename: Christopher S R
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Paolo G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Camici
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004452:Echocardiography; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes