title: A microfluidic device for parallel 3-D cell cultures in asymmetric environments.
abstract: We demonstrate a concept for how a miniaturized 3-D cell culture in biological extracellular matrix (ECM) or synthetic gels bridges the gap between organ-tissue culture and traditional 2-D cultures. A microfluidic device for 3-D cell culture including microgradient environments has been designed, fabricated, and successfully evaluated. In the presented system stable diffusion gradients can be generated by application of two parallel fluid flows with different composition against opposite sides of a gel plug with embedded cells. Culture for up to two weeks was performed showing cells still viable and proliferating. The cell tracer dye calcein was used to verify gradient formation as the fluorescence intensity in exposed cells was proportional to the position in the chamber. Cellular response to an applied stimulus was demonstrated by use of an adenosine triphosphate gradient where the onset of a stimulated intracellular calcium release also depended on cell position.
authors.affiliation: Microsystems Technology Group, School of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. Thomas.Frisk@ee.kth.se
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Frisk
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rydholm
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liebmann
authors.forename: Helene Andersson
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Svahn
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stemme
authors.forename: Hjalmar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brismar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D044085:Microfluidics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal