title: Efficacy and safety of the fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal system (ITS) and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV PCA) with morphine for pain management following abdominal or pelvic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The fentanyl HCl iontophoretic transdermal system (ITS) has effectively managed pain following several types of surgery. This study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and ease of care associated with fentanyl ITS and morphine intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV PCA) for pain management following abdominal or pelvic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  This open-label, multicenter, randomized, active-controlled, parallel-group, phase IIIb study enrolled 506 postoperative patients at 39 U.S. sites. Patients received fentanyl ITS (40 microg fentanyl/dose) or morphine IV PCA (1 mg morphine/dose). The primary efficacy measure was demonstrating equivalence on the patient global assessment (PGA) of the method of pain control in the first 24 hours of treatment between the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Percentages of patients in the fentanyl ITS and morphine IV PCA groups reporting PGA ratings of "good" or "excellent" in the first 24 hours were statistically equivalent (84.9% vs 84.3%, respectively; difference = 0.7%, 95% CI: -5.6% to 7.0%). Equivalence was also demonstrated based on mean last pain intensity scores in the first 24 hours (3.0 vs 2.9, respectively; difference = 0.1, 95% CI: -0.28 to 0.43). Overall discontinuation rates were not significantly different between groups (16.7% vs 11.8%, respectively; P = 0.128). Patients and nurses reported better ease-of-care ratings for fentanyl ITS than for morphine IV PCA. Commonly occurring adverse events were similar between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fentanyl ITS and morphine IV PCA were comparable methods of pain control following abdominal or pelvic surgery; however, fentanyl ITS was rated better than morphine IV PCA for ease of care by patients and nurses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Memorial Hermann Memorial City Hospital, Houston, Texas 77024, USA. research@houston.rr.com
authors.forename: Harold S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Minkowitz
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Rathmell
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vallow
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gargiulo
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Damaraju
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hewitt
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000368:Aged; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007478:Iontophoresis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010388:Pelvis / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine; D005283:Fentanyl