title: Spatial localization of cortical time-frequency dynamics.
abstract: The spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical oscillations across human brain regions remain poorly understood because of a lack of adequately validated methods for reconstructing such activity from noninvasive electrophysiological data. We present a novel adaptive spatial filtering algorithm optimized for robust source time-frequency reconstruction from magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) data. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated with real MEG data from a self-paced finger movement task. The algorithm reliably reveals modulations both in the beta band (12-30 Hz) and a high gamma band (65-90 Hz) in sensorimotor cortex. The performance is validated by both across-subjects statistical comparisons and by intracranial electrocorticography (ECoG) data from two epilepsy patients. We also revealed observed high gamma activity in the cerebellum. The proposed algorithm is highly parallelizable and runs efficiently on modern high performance computing clusters. This method enables non-invasive five-dimensional imaging of space, time, and frequency activity in the brain and renders it applicable for widespread studies of human cortical dynamics.
authors.affiliation: Mental Processes and Brain Activation Lab, INSERM U821, 69675 Bron, France. dalal@lyon.inserm.fr
authors.forename: Sarang S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Dalal
authors.forename: Adrian G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Guggisberg
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sekihara
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Findlay
authors.forename: Ryan T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Canolty
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Nicholas M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Barbaro
authors.forename: Heidi E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Kirsch
authors.forename: Srikantan S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Nagarajan
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005385:Fingers; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology