title: Clinical efficacy of all-trans retinoic acid for treating adult T cell leukemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We previously reported that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) inhibited growth in human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-positive T-cell lines and in fresh cells from patients with adult T cell leukemia (ATL). Here, we confirmed the clinical effects of ATRA in 20 patients with ATL.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 20 patients (n = 20) with a median age of 56 (range 35-73) years who were diagnosed with ATL received ATRA orally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The efficacy of treatment was as follows: no complete response (CR), a partial response (PR) in 40% of the patients, no change (NC) in 45% of the patients, and a progressive disease (PD) in 15% of the patients. In seven acute-type ATL patients, a PR was achieved in two (28.5%), NC was observed in two (28.5%), and a PD was observed in three (42.8%). In three lymphoma-type ATL patients, a PR (100%) was achieved. Among four chronic-type ATL patients, a PR was achieved in one (25%) and NC was observed in the remaining three (75%). In six smoldering-type ATL patients, a PR was achieved in two (33.3%) and NC was observed in four (66.6%). The major side effects were headache (n = 5), transient liver dysfunction (n = 2), hyperlipidemia (n = 2), and anorexia (n = 1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicated that ATRA might be a useful agent for the safe treatment of ATL.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kinki University School of Medicine, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan. ymaeda@med.kindai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Terufumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Yasuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hijikata
authors.forename: Miyako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Chikara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hirase
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.forename: Yasuyoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Tetsuaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Jun-Ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miyatake
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tatsumi
authors.forename: Akihisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanamaru
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015459:Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014212:Tretinoin