title: Uniform and prolonged changes in blood oxidative stress after muscle-damaging exercise.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of eccentric exercise on the time-course changes in several indices of muscle damage and blood oxidative stress was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isometric torque, delayed-onset muscle soreness, creatine kinase, reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls, catalase, uric acid, bilirubin and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in blood were measured pre-, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post-eccentric exercise of knee extensors in ten females.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of all oxidative stress indices changed significantly in a way indicating increased oxidative stress in the blood (GSH and GSH/GSSG, decreased, whereas GSSG, TBARS, protein carbonyls, catalase, uric acid, bilirubin and TAC increased) peaking, in all but TBARS, at 48 h and returning toward baseline afterwards.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that muscle-damaging exercise should be viewed as a different challenge compared to non-muscle-damaging exercise with regard to its effects on blood oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100, Trikala, Greece.
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Paschalis
authors.forename: Michalis G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Nikolaidis
authors.forename: Ioannis G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Fatouros
authors.forename: Giannis
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giakas
authors.forename: Yiannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koutedakis
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karatzaferi
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kouretas
authors.forename: Athanasios Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Jamurtas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D009132:Muscles / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014527:Uric Acid; D004958:Estradiol; D002374:Catalase; D005978:Glutathione; D001663:Bilirubin