Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration with a resulting increase in bone fragility and hence susceptibility to fracture. Calcium and vitamin D are the most commonly used therapies for osteoporosis, although their efficacy in osteoporotic fracture prevention remains uncertain. Biphosphonates are the most frequently prescribed medication for treatment of osteoporosis and are often considered as first-line therapy for the treatment of osteoporosis. Currently, hormone replacement therapy is only approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for short-term treatment of severe postmenopausal symptoms with the lowest dose used for the shortest time. In view of its lack of effect on the prevention of nonvertebral fractures, the use of raloxifene should be limited to women with spinal osteoporosis. Most experts agree that it is preferable to treat osteoporosis with a more potent agent than calcitonin and manage the pain separately. Currently, the FDA recommends the use of parathyroid hormone for treatment of osteoporosis for a maximum of 2 years because of the concern of development of osteosarcoma.
Gupta
Gayatri
G
Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
Aronow
Wilbert S
WS
D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002118:Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D005598:Fractures, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D016387:Women's Health
D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D002118:Calcium