title: Antomy of the Proximal Femur -geometry and architecture. Morphologic investigation and literature review.
abstract: Material and methods. To analyze morphology and endosteal anatomy of the proximal ends of the femur of 40 cadaver femora were x-rayed, dissected and measured. Various variables including trabecular pattern, calcar size, and cortical bone were measured and correlated. Observations were compared to literature concerns the various aspects of anatomy of the proximal femur. <br /> Results. One must recognize that much of the information that we gather in every day practice is two dimensional, namely, x-rays of the hip. Morphological data with three-dimensional perspective demonstrate internal architecture of proximal femur including calcar femorale. Authors pointed out lower values of neck shaft angle than observed in other examined populations.<br /> Conclusions. They found that topographic and angular position of calcar femorale depends on anteversion angle. Shadow of the calcar on X-ray of the femur in Lauenstein's view may become invisible in some cases what is correlated to its real dimension. Calcar femorale as a anatomical structure has no strict topographic coincidence with "calcar resorption" observed in some total hip replacements.
authors.affiliation: Zakład Anatomii Prawidłowej, Akademia Medyczna, Warszawa; Klinika Ortopedii i Traumatologii Narzadu Ruchu, Akademia Medyczna, Warszawa.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Glinkowski
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ciszek