title: [Microbiology of urinary tract infections in ambulatory patients. Therapeutic options in times of high antibiotic resistance].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the antibiotic resistance of urinary pathogens in ambulatory patients from Mexico City, in order to infer therapeutic options in environments of high resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional survey performed between July 2006, and January 2007, in patients > or =3 year-old from a private institution. Cultured organisms were identified with a commercial biochemical system. For common antibiotics, susceptibility was performed by broth microdilution with a commercial system; for fosfomycin tromethamine, the disk diffusion test was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1685 urine specimens, 257 (15.3%) yielded a positive culture; 215 (83.7%) from women and 42 (16.3%) from men. Global resistance was the following: ampicillin, 68.4%; co-amoxiclav, 19.5%; ciprofloxacin, 36.3%; cephalothin, 64.7%; ceftriaxone, 12.2%; cefuroxime, 18.7%; nitrofurantoin, 19%; trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazol, 53.4%; gentamicin, 18.9%; and fosfomycin tromethamine, 0.8%. Escherichia coli was the main pathogen, with 203 (79%) isolations; its specific resistance was similar to the global one, and its production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) was 9.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high resistance rate found is alarming; we have few options for the initial treatment of urinary tract infections in ambulatory patients. To control the problem, health authorities must regulate the indiscriminate use of antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio Clinico, Centro Médico ABC, DF México. vickyarna@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arreguín
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cebada
authors.forename: Jesús I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Simón
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sifuentes-Osornio
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bobadilla-del Valle
authors.forename: Alejandro E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Macías
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance