title: Experimental stereotactic irradiation of normal rabbit lung: computed tomographic analysis of radiation injury and the histopathological features.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to establish an animal experimental model of pulmonary stereotactic irradiation and clarify the morphological patterns of pulmonary radiation injury with computed tomography and the histopathological features.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tiny spherical regions in the lungs of seven anesthetized rabbits were irradiated stereotactically with a single fractional dose of 21-60 Gy. Subsequently, the irradiated lungs were observed biweekly with computed tomography (CT) for 24 weeks. Radiation injury of the lung was examined histopathologically in one specimen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Localized hypodense changes were observed 7-15 weeks after irradiation in three rabbits irradiated with 60 Gy, and the findings persisted beyond that time. The electron density ratios in the lung fields obtained from the CT images were shown to be decreasing, corresponding to the hypodensity changes. No clear increased density opacity was observed in any rabbit in the 60-Gy irradiated group. Severe localized fibrotic change was observed in the histopathological specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Specific localized hypodensity changes were found in only three rabbits irradiated with 60 Gy, the highest dose we employed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Takatsugu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawase
authors.forename: Etsuo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kunieda
authors.forename: Hossain M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Deloar
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Akitomo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsunoo
authors.forename: Eileen N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Akitoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishizaka
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kameyama
authors.forename: Atsuya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kubo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D008168:Lung / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed