title: Anatomy of sodium hypochlorite accidents.
abstract: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in various concentrations is the most widely used endodontic irrigant, but it can be an irritant to vital tissues. There are several reports about the complications of irrigation with NaOCl during root canal therapy. Most of the complications are the result of accidental extrusion of the solution from the apical foramen or accessory canals or perforations into the periapical area. This article is a review and comparison of all reported NaOCl accidents in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endodontics, University of Colorado, School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, USA.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mehdipour
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kleier
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Averbach
mesh_terms: D000056:Accident Prevention; D002057:Burns, Chemical / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite