title: Revisiting speech rate and utterance length manipulations in stuttering speakers.
abstract: The goal of this study was to evaluate stuttering frequency across a multidimensional (2x2) hierarchy of speech performance tasks. Specifically, this study examined the interaction between changes in length of utterance and levels of speech rate stability. Forty-four adult male speakers participated in the study (22 stuttering speakers and 22 non-stuttering speakers). Participants were audio and video recorded while producing a spontaneous speech task and four different experimental speaking tasks. The four experimental speaking tasks involved reading a list of 45 words and a list 45 phrases two times each. One reading of each list involved speaking at a steady habitual rate (habitual rate tasks) and another reading involved producing each list at a variable speaking rate (variable rate tasks). For the variable rate tasks, participants were directed to produce words or phrases at randomly ordered slow, habitual, and fast rates. The stuttering speakers exhibited significantly more stuttering on the variable rate tasks than on the habitual rate tasks. In addition, the stuttering speakers exhibited significantly more stuttering on the first word of the phrase length tasks compared to the single word tasks. Overall, the results indicated that varying levels of both utterance length and temporal complexity function to modulate stuttering frequency in adult stuttering speakers. Discussion focuses on issues of speech performance according to stuttering severity and possible clinical implications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The reader will learn about and be able to: (1) describe the mediating effects of length of utterance and speech rate on the frequency of stuttering in stuttering speakers; (2) understand the rationale behind multidimensional skill performance matrices; and (3) describe possible applications of motor skill performance matrices to stuttering therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Utah, 390 S. 1530 E., Rm 1201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0252, USA. michael.blomgren@health.utah.edu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blomgren
authors.forename: Alexander M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Goberman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013060:Speech; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D013342:Stuttering / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014705:Verbal Behavior