title: Cephalometric analysis of nonobese snorers either with or without obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if there is an indicator on the lateral cephalometric radiograph that can be used for the differential diagnosis of severe obstruct sleep apnea syndrome and simple snoring in nonobese young male adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were Taiwanese male patients with a complaint of snoring and/or sleep apnea, whose body mass index was less than 25 kg/m(2) and who were younger than 40 years old. Forty-six patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea and 36 patients with simple snoring were selected and underwent lateral cephalometric radiography, from which 24 linear and 34 angular measurements were calculated. Differences between the two groups were studied, and a discriminatory analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Soft palate length, mandibular body length, tongue size, and distance from the hyoid bone to the mandibular plane were significantly larger in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Of the original grouped cases, 76.5% were correctly classified using these five variables. The position of the hyoid bone in simple snorers was near the straight line from the third vertebra to the menton, whereas the position of the hyoid bone in severe obstruct sleep apnea syndrome patients was far below the line from the third vertebra to the menton.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The position of the hyoid bone relative to the line from the third vertebra to the menton can be used as an indicator for a diagnosis of severe obstruct sleep apnea syndrome in nonobese young male Taiwanese adults.
authors.affiliation: College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hung-Huey
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Ching-Yin
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Pei-Lin
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ching-Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D006257:Head / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D006928:Hyoid Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012913:Snoring / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013624:Taiwan; D014059:Tongue / Q000033:anatomy & histology