title: Short and long term efficacy of high intensity focused ultrasound therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the short and long term efficacy of high intensity focused ultrasound therapy (HIFU) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with surgically unresectable HCC received either HIFU plus supportive treatment (HIFU group, n = 151) or supportive treatment only (control group, n = 30), according to their willingness. Short term efficacy, including improvement in tumor imaging parameters, decrease in serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, symptom relief (i.e. Karnofsky Performance Status and numerical rating scales) and response rates, and long term efficacy, including an increase in survival rates and improvement of quality of life (QOL), was monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor imaging parameters, serum AFP levels and symptom scores improved significantly in the HIFU group compared with the control group (all P < 0.05). In the HIFU group, a complete and a partial response were achieved in 28.5% (n = 43) and 60.3% (n = 91) of cases, respectively, while the rates were 0% and 16.7% (n = 5), respectively, in the control group. The overall response rate (88.8%) was significantly greater in the HIFU group (16.7%) than in the control group (P < 0.01). In addition, the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 50.0% and 30.9%, respectively, in the HIFU group, which were significantly greater than those (3.4% and 0%, respectively) in the control group (both P < 0.01). The QOL score was 83.1 +/- 8.0 at 3 months after HIFU, which was significantly greater than the pre-HIFU score (67.7 +/- 5.9) and the score at 3 months after treatment (69.0 +/- 8.5) in the control group (both P < 0.05). No severe complications occurred during and after HIFU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIFU is an effective and safe ablation therapy with satisfactory short and long term efficacy for patients with advanced HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Municipal People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China. liyyliyy@tom.com
authors.forename: Yu-Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei-Hong
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Sha
authors.forename: Yong-Jian
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yu-Qiang
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Nie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins
chemical_list: D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins