Social outcomes in schizophrenia.
BACKGROUND
Outcomes reflecting the social situation are widely considered as important in the treatment of people with schizophrenia.


OBJECTIVE
To review concepts of social outcomes in schizophrenia and the corresponding assessment instruments.


METHODS
Non-systematic literature review and reflection on conceptual and methodological issues.


RESULTS
Concepts of social outcomes in schizophrenia lack agreed definitions and theoretical models. A fundamental issue is the distinction between objective and subjective indicators. More research has focused on subjective indicators, which are only weakly correlated with objective life situation and show consistent correlations with mood. Various assessment instruments have been developed pragmatically, particularly to measure quality of life and social functioning, and the literature provides extensive data for comparison.


CONCLUSIONS
Established instruments exist to measure social outcomes in schizophrenia. Their use requires an awareness of the specific strengths and limitations.
Priebe
Stefan
S
Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Newham Centre for Mental Health, London, UK. S.Priebe@qmul.ac.uk
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000628:therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012917:Social Adjustment