[Learning and supervision in Danish clerkships--a qualitative study].
BACKGROUND
The medical profession and hospital practice have changed over the last decades without a concomitant change in Danish clerkships. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze learning and supervision in clerkships and to discuss how traditional clerkship learning matches a modern effective hospital environment.


METHODS
A qualitative field study based on 38 days of observations ( asymptotically equal to 135 hours) with 6 students in 8th Semester in 2 internal medical and 3 surgical wards at 2 teaching hospitals in Aarhus County during 2003. The 6 students were interviewed prior to and following clerkship. Data were coded using Ethnograph and analyzed qualitatively.


RESULTS
The students typically participated in 6 learning activities: morning reports, ward rounds, out-patient clinics, on call, clerking, and operating theatres. A common feature for the first 3 activities was the students' observational role in contrast to their more active role in the latter 3 activities. Supervision was primarily indirect as the doctors worked and thereby served as tacit role models. When direct, the supervision was didactic and characterized by information transfer.


CONCLUSIONS
A clerkship offers important learning opportunities for students. They are exposed to many patients and faced with various clinical problems. However, the benefit of students learning in authentic environments is not fully utilized, and the didactic supervision used by doctors hardly matches the learning conditions in a busy hospital. Consequently, we need to reassess the students' roles and doctors' supervisory methods.
Wichmann-Hansen
Gitte
G
Aarhus Universitet, Enhed for Medicinsk Uddannelse, Arhus C. gwh@medu.au.dk
Mørcke
Anne Mette
AM
Eika
Berit
B
D002982:Clinical Clerkship; D003718:Denmark; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D011231:Preceptorship; D012380:Role; D013337:Students, Medical; D013663:Teaching