title: State of the art and recent advance in the treatment of resectable nonmetastatic rectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Standard treatment is achieving good local control for rectal cancer. Innovative approach is aiming at increasing conservative treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Strong evidence relies on randomized trials. Phase I and II trials are the method to evaluate advances.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy is the standard treatment for most of the T3 (4) tumors. To increase conservative treatment innovative neoadjuvant treatment achieving complete clinical response is a promising approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Well-conducted clinical trials are improving the standard treatments and are evaluating new hypotheses.
authors.affiliation: Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, NICE, 33 Avenue de Valombrose, 06189 NICE Cedex, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ortholan
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gerard
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Benezery
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Francois
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*