title: Low selenium status affects arsenic metabolites in an arsenic exposed population with skin lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The antagonistic effects between selenium (Se) and arsenic (As) suggest that low selenium status plays important roles in arsenism development. However, no study has been reported for humans suffering from chronic arsenic exposure with low selenium status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three subjects were divided into 2 experimental groups by skin lesions (including hyperkeratosis, depigmentation, and hyperpigmentation). Total urine and serum concentrations of arsenic and selenium were determined by ICP-MS with collision/reaction cell. Arsenic species were analysed by ICP-MS coupled with HPLC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean concentration of As in the drinking waters was 41.5 microg/l. The selenium dietary intake for the studied population was 31.7 microg Se/d, and which for the cases and controls were 25.9 and 36.3 microg Se/d, respectively. Compared with the controls, the skin lesions cases had lower selenium concentrations in serum and urine (41.4 vs 49.6 microg/l and 71.0 vs 78.8 microg/l, respectively), higher inorganic arsenic (iAs) in serum (5.2 vs 3.4 microg/l, P<0.01), higher percentages of iAs in serum and urine (20.2) vs 16.9% and 18.3 vs 14.5%, respectively, P<0.01) but lower percentages of monomethylarsonate (MMA) in serum (15.5 vs 18.8%, P<0.01) ans dimethylarsinate acid (DMA) in urine (65.1 vs 69.8%, P<0.01). Subjects with lower selenium concentrations in serum (<50 microg/l) had a stronger tendency to the risk of skin lesions than individual having higher selenium concentrations [odd ratio (OR), 7.3; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.5-35.7; P=0.014]. This OR estimation was confirmed in those subjects having higher ratios of As/Se in urine and serum, with OR as high as 10.3 and 3.8 respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower serum selenium status (<50 microg/l) is significantly correlated to the arsenic-associated skin lesions in the arsenic exposed population. The accumulation of iAs and its inhibition to be biotransformed to DMA occurred in human due to chronic exposure of low selenium status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Atomic and Molecular Nanosciences of Education Ministry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Qiuling
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Guifan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Sichum
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Xinrong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001151:Arsenic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D012643:Selenium; D001151:Arsenic