title: Opening remarks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: Katsuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terui
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases