title: Alteration in flow (shear stress)-induced remodelling in rat resistance arteries with aging: improvement by a treatment with hydralazine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The link between aging and vascular diseases remains unclear, especially in resistance arteries. As a decreased vasodilator capacity of the endothelium is usually described in aging, we hypothesized that arteriolar remodelling in response to a chronic increase in blood flow might be altered. In addition, we tested the capacity of a vasodilator treatment with hydralazine to restore remodelling, as we have previously shown that hydralazine has a potent effect on the process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mesenteric resistance arteries (350 microm diameter) from 3- and 24-month-old rats were exposed to high blood flow (HF) and normal blood flow (NF), for 2 weeks by sequential ligating second-order arteries in vivo. In HF arteries, diameter increased by 21% when intraluminal pressure was 100 mmHg, in association with a rise in superoxide production in young rats. On the other hand, both diameter and superoxide levels failed to increase in old rats. Hydralazine restored HF-induced remodelling in old rats in association with an increased superoxide production and a decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression. The SOD-mimetic 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidinoxyl (TEMPOL) prevented the effect of hydralazine on the arterial diameter. In old rats, hydralazine increased the arterial diameter in HF arteries without increasing eNOS expression. Furthermore, hydralazine also restored HF remodelling in eNOS knockout mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, flow remodelling in resistance arteries failed to occur in aging but it could be restored by hydralazine via a reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanism. These findings may have serious pathophysiological consequences in situations requiring flow-dependent remodelling such as ischaemic and metabolic diseases, more frequent in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Faculte de Medecine, CNRS UMR 6214, Angers 49045, France.
authors.forename: Odile
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dumont
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pinaud
authors.forename: Anne-Laure
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Guihot
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baufreton
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Loufrani
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Henrion
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D006830:Hydralazine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D006830:Hydralazine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase