title: Closed neural tube defects: neurologic, orthopedic, and gait outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to obtain a clear understanding of the various diagnoses within the closed neural tube defect (NTD) groups included in the large database of clients in our Spina Bifida Clinic and a clear picture of the outcomes for the various NTD groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and four clients with closed NTD were categorized using a classification system devised by Tortori-Donati et al. Various clinical markers were investigated, including ambulation and the need for orthoses and wheelchairs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most clients are ambulatory, requiring an orthoses, but not a wheelchair, despite the high incidence of ankle/foot abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This classification system has enhanced our knowledge of this group of clients, provided a greater understanding of the varied outcomes of these children and clinical management required.
authors.affiliation: Bloorview Kids Rehab, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. mross@bloorview.ca
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: F Virginia
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agur
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000145:classification* / Q000628:therapy; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016138:Walking