title: Physiologic effects of pneumoperitoneum in adults with sickle cell disease undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (a case control study).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many studies have demonstrated the adverse consequences of pneumoperitoneum. However, few studies have examined the physiologic effects of pneumoperitoneum in adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).
  
  
  METHODS
  60 ASA 1-capital PE, Cyrillic capital PE, Cyrillic patients, with cholelithiasis, scheduled for elective LC were allocated into two equal groups: group 1, normal patients without SCD (control group), and group 2, patients with SCD. The perioperative parameters of 30 SCD patients matched by age and sex to the 30 members of the non-sickler control group who underwent cholecystectomy were assessed. Study parameters (in the two groups) included heart rate (HR) per minute, mean blood pressure (MAP, mmHg), PETCO(2), and O(2) saturation (SpO(2)) at the following intervals: before induction of anesthesia in the supine position (all except PETCO(2)), after anesthesia and before CO(2) insufflations in the supine position, 15, 30, 45, 60 min after CO(2) insufflations in the anti-Trendelenburg position, at the end of CO(2) exsufflation in the supine position and 5 min after the end of CO(2) exsufflation in the supine position. Arterial blood gases, to measure pH, PaCO(2), and PaO(2), were determined after induction of anesthesia and before CO(2) insufflation in the supine position, then 30 min after CO(2) insufflations in the anti-Trendelenburg position, and 5 min after the end of CO(2) exsufflation in the supine position. Statistical significance was established at the p < 0.05 level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Induction of anesthesia produced a significant increase in HR in both groups. CO(2) insufflations led to an additional increase in HR and persisted till abdominal deflation. After CO(2) insufflations, MAP significantly increased from the baseline at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min, and just before deflation in the anti-Trendelenburg position. CO(2) insufflations led to a significant increase in end-tidal CO(2) (ETCO(2)) in the study groups, reaching a maximum level just before abdominal deflation in the anti-Trendelenburg position. Regarding SpO(2) and PaO(2), there were insignificant changes in the two study groups throughout the procedure. In group 2, none of the patients experienced vaso-occlusive crises or other SCD- related complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study proved the safety of LC in patients with SCD and cholelithiasis, and that they can tolerate the physiological effects of pneumoperitoneum as non-SCD adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and ICU, King Fahad Hospital, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohamed A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.forename: Abdulrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Mulhim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide