title: Mass spectrometric and physiological validation of a sensitive, automated, direct immunoassay for serum estradiol using the Architect.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Measurement of estradiol (E(2)) plays a critical role in the diagnosis and clinical management of reproductive disorders. The challenge for all currently available direct methods for measuring E(2) is to provide accuracy and precision across a wide dynamic range.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the development and multi-site performance evaluation of a direct E(2) assay on the Architect i2000. Assay performance and method comparisons were performed by testing specimens from men, healthy women with regular menstrual cycles, and post-menopausal women using the Architect assay and isotope dilution, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (ID/GC-MS). Reference intervals were established by testing prospectively collected daily blood draws from 42 healthy women, 72 postmenopausal women and 101 males.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No unexpected cross-reactivity or interference was observed for over 40 compounds tested. Recovery was 100+/-10% in the presence of estrone and estriol. Functional sensitivity (%CV<20%) was <15 pg/ml.(1) The imprecision of the assay was <7.1% (total CV), <2.5%, and <2.3% for control sera containing 45, 190, and 600 pg/ml estradiol, respectively. The assay had a correlation of y=1.033 x+0.3156, r(2)=0.99, n=131 compared to ID/GC-MS. Reference intervals for the current Architect Estradiol assay are reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Format changes resulted in dramatic improvement in the performance and accuracy of this direct, fully automated assay. The assay is standardized by ID/GC-MS. The assay is clinically useful for serum concentrations from 15 to >4000 pg/ml.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Sluss.Patrick@mgh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sluss
authors.forename: Frances J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Judith M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Gregg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramp
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pacenti
authors.forename: Denis C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Lehotay
authors.forename: Sabu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Doss
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Crowley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D004964:Estriol / Q000097:blood; D004970:Estrone / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000097:blood; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D004970:Estrone; D004958:Estradiol; D004964:Estriol