title: Interleukin 1beta levels around microscrew implants during orthodontic tooth movement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) levels are elevated around microscrew implants that are used as anchorage for tooth movement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten young adults, aged 16.3 +/- 2.5 years and with all four premolars extracted , comprised the study group. Twenty maxillary microscrew implants were placed bilaterally in the alveolar bone between the maxillary second premolars and first molars as anchorage units for distal movement of the maxillary canines. The maxillary canines served as the treatment group, and the microscrew implants were designated as the implant group. The mandibular canines were used as controls. Peri-microscrew implant crevicular fluid (MICF) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected at the beginning of tooth movement (2 weeks after implant placement); at 24, 48, and 168 hours later; and on days 14 and 21. An automated enzyme immunoassay was used to measure 1L-1beta in the MICF and the GCF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean 1L-1beta level in the treatment group was significantly elevated at 24 hours (P = .003 < .05) and 48 hours (P = .003 < .05), whereas the levels in the control and implant groups did not change significantly during the experimental period. Also, the mean 1L-1beta level of the treatment group was significantly higher that in both the control and implant groups at 24 and 48 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The microscrew implants did not demonstrate increased 1L-1beta levels during tooth movement. This supports the concept that microscrew implants might be useful as absolute anchorage devices.
authors.affiliation: Orthodontist, Kasmpaa Military Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. emel_sari@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Emel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sari
authors.forename: Cihan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Uçar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001863:Bone Screws; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta