Skin barrier disruption by sodium lauryl sulfate-exposure alters the expressions of involucrin, transglutaminase 1, profilaggrin, and kallikreins during the repair phase in human skin in vivo.
Detergents are skin irritants affecting keratinocytes. In this study, healthy volunteers were exposed to water (vehicle) and 1% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) under occlusive patch tests for 24 hours. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers and of enzymes involved in corneodesmosome degradation was examined in skin biopsies (n=8) during the repair phase (6 hours to 7 days postexposure) using real-time reverse-transcription PCR. It was found that the expression of involucrin was increased at 6 hours, but then rapidly normalized. The expression of transglutaminase 1 exhibited a twofold increase after 24 hours in the SLS-exposed skin. Profilaggrin was decreased after 6 hours. Later (4-7 days), the expression in SLS-exposed areas was >50% above than in control areas. An increased and altered immunofluorescence pattern of involucrin, transglutaminase 1, and filaggrin was also found (n=4). At 6 hours post-SLS exposure, the mRNA expression of kallikrein-7 (KLK-7) and kallikrein-5 (KLK-5) was decreased by 50 and 75%, respectively, as compared with control and water-exposed areas. Thereafter, the expression pattern of KLK-7 and KLK-5 was normalized. Changes in protein expression of KLK-5 were also found. In conclusion, SLS-induced skin barrier defects induce altered mRNA expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers and enzymes degrading corneodesmosomes.
Törmä
Hans
H
Dermatology & Venereology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. hans.torma@medsci.uu.se
Lindberg
Magnus
M
Berne
Berit
B
D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D017453:Dermatitis, Irritant / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D000091344:Filaggrin Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007509:Irritants / Q000633:toxicity; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010328:Patch Tests; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
C000717249:FLG protein, human; D000091344:Filaggrin Proteins; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; D007509:Irritants; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; C032253:involucrin; D011503:Transglutaminases; C105804:transglutaminase 1; C400147:KLK5 protein, human; D007610:Kallikreins