title: Tumor microenvironment and immune escape.
abstract: This article describes the multiple escape mechanisms used by tumor cells to avoid T-cell-mediated recognition and destruction. The discussion focuses on escape mechanisms that may result from changes at the level of TA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment. Specifically, we discuss the negative impact of regulatory T cells and T-cell apoptosis on the tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. We also discuss changes in the expression of histocompatibility antigens by tumor cells, which may affect tumor cell-immune cell interactions.
authors.affiliation: Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-1863, USA. ferrones@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Soldano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrone
authors.forename: Theresa L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Whiteside
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D019139:Tumor Escape
chemical_list: D016827:CD8 Antigens; D006680:HLA Antigens