Relationship between betel quid additives and established periodontitis among Bangladeshi subjects.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the relationship between betel quid chewing additives and established periodontitis in Bangladeshi subjects.


METHODS
A total of 864 subjects participated in this study. Among them, 140 pairs of sex- and age-matched case subjects and control subjects were selected. A case was defined as a person who had at least two sites with a clinical attachment level (CAL)> or =6 mm and at least one site with probing depth (PD)> or =5 mm. Subjects who did not fulfill these criteria were considered as controls. Information on sociodemographic variables, psychological stress, dental health behaviour, smoking and betel quid chewing habits was obtained.


RESULTS
Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that current betel quid chewers had greater probabilities of having established periodontal disease than did non-chewers (odds ratio=3.97, p<0.05). Mean PD, mean CAL, mean percentage of bleeding on probing and number of missing teeth were significantly higher in chewers of betel quid with tobacco and masala than in chewers of betel quid without such additives adjusting for age, sex, smoking habit, body mass index, dental visit pattern, stress and plaque index. Higher frequency and longer duration of betel quid chewing showed a significant relation to an increase in periodontal parameters.


CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that betel quid additives might significantly enhance periodontitis in the population studied.
Akhter
Rahena
R
Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama, Japan.
Hassan
Nur Mohammad Monsur
NM
Aida
Jun
J
Takinami
Shuichi
S
Morita
Manabu
M
D000328:Adult; D001114:Areca / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D001459:Bangladesh; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003729:Dental Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000139:chemically induced; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications; D013997:Time Factors; D014026:Nicotiana