title: Effects of music on patients undergoing a C-clamp procedure after percutaneous coronary interventions: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study objective was to assess the effect of music on the physiologic and psychologic parameters in patients undergoing application of a C-clamp after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A repeated-measures randomized controlled trial was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study took place in three intensive care units in Hong Kong.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-six patients undergoing application of a C-clamp after PCI were recruited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physiologic parameters were blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation. Psychologic parameters were measured using the University of California at Los Angeles universal pain score.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to receive 45 minutes of music therapy or 45 minutes of an uninterrupted rest period. Three types of music were used, including Chinese classical music, religious music, and Western classical music that had slow beats and was relaxing. The data were collected from September 2004 to December 2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the experimental group there were statistically significant reductions in heart rate (P < .001), respiratory rate (P < .001), and oxygen saturation (P < .001), and a lower pain score (P < .001) than in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Music is a simple, safe, and effective method of reducing potentially harmful physiologic and psychologic responses arising from pain in patients post-PCI undergoing a C-clamp procedure.
authors.affiliation: Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
authors.forename: Moon Fai
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000379:methods*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome