title: Renal mitochondrial impairment is attenuated by AT1 blockade in experimental Type I diabetes.
abstract: To investigate whether ANG II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor blockade could protect kidney mitochondria in streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetes, we treated 8-wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with a single streptozotocin injection (65 mg/kg ip; STZ group), streptozotocin and drinking water containing either losartan (30 mg.kg(-1).day(-1); STZ+Los group) or amlodipine (3 mg.kg(-1).day(-1); STZ+Amlo group), or saline (intraperitoneally) and pure water (control group). Four-month-long losartan or amlodipine treatments started 30 days before streptozotocin injection to improve the antioxidant defenses. The number of renal lesions, plasma glucose and lipid levels, and proteinuria were higher and creatinine clearance was lower in STZ and STZ+Amlo compared with STZ+Los and control groups. Glycemia was higher in STZ+Los compared with control. Blood pressure, basal mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial pyruvate content, and renal oxidized glutathione levels were higher and NADH/cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity was lower in STZ compared with the other groups. In STZ and STZ+Amlo groups, mitochondrial H(2)O(2) production rate was higher and uncoupling protein-2 content, cytochrome c oxidase activity, and renal glutathione level were lower than in STZ+Los and control groups. Mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase activity was higher in STZ+Amlo compared with the other groups. Mitochondrial pyruvate content and H(2)O(2) production rate negatively contributed to electron transfer capacity and positively contributed to renal lesions. Uncoupling protein-2 content negatively contributed to mitochondrial H(2)O(2) production rate and renal lesions. Renal glutathione reduction potential positively contributed to mitochondria electron transfer capacity. In conclusion, AT(1) blockade protects kidney mitochondria and kidney structure in streptozotocin-induced diabetes independently of blood pressure and glycemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Elena M V
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: de Cavanagh
authors.forename: León
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferder
authors.forename: Jorge E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Toblli
authors.forename: Bárbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Piotrkowski
authors.forename: Inés
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stella
authors.forename: Cesar G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Fraga
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Inserra
mesh_terms: D017311:Amlodipine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019808:Losartan / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; C000604391:Ucp2 protein, rat; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D017311:Amlodipine; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D005978:Glutathione; D019808:Losartan