title: A prospective multicenter study using two different surgical approaches in the mandible with turned Brånemark implants: conventional loading using fixed prostheses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of a submerged implant system in a nonsubmerged surgical procedure has been reported to have promising results. At the time this study was initiated, no prospective, comparative studies with randomization between submerged and nonsubmerged surgical techniques had been published.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the submerged and nonsubmerged surgical techniques when treating mandibular edentulism using a submerged implant system, with regard to implant survival and complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 77 patients were included and treated at nine clinics in Sweden and Norway. In total, 404 Brånemark System implants (standard and MkII implants) were inserted in the edentulous mandible; 198 implants according to the nonsubmerged protocol and 206 implants according to the traditional submerged procedure. The follow-up period was up to 36 months after prosthesis insertion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the nonsubmerged group, 17 implants out of 198 implants (8.6%) were lost and in the submerged group, 5 out of 206 implants (2.4%) were lost. All implant failures occurred before the delivery of the final prosthesis. No major complications were reported during the implant surgery. However, at the clinical check-up postoperatively and at the abutment connection surgery, 6 patients in the nonsubmerged group complained of pain at the implant sites, whereas there were no complaints of pain in the submerged group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that a turned Brånemark implant designed for a submerged implant placement procedure can be used in a nonsubmerged procedure and may be as predictable as the conventional submerged approach.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Maxillofacial Unit, Specialisttandvården, Länssjukhuset, Halmstad, Sweden. jonas@becktor.dk
authors.forename: Jonas P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Becktor
authors.forename: Sten
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isaksson
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Billström
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D013997:Time Factors