title: Degradation of Bis(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methane (bisphenol F) by Sphingobium yanoikuyae strain FM-2 isolated from river water.
abstract: Three bacteria capable of utilizing bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane (bisphenol F [BPF]) as the sole carbon source were isolated from river water, and they all belonged to the family Sphingomonadaceae. One of the isolates, designated Sphingobium yanoikuyae strain FM-2, at an initial cell density of 0.01 (optical density at 600 nm) completely degraded 0.5 mM BPF within 9 h without any lag period under inductive conditions. Degradation assays of various bisphenols revealed that the BPF-metabolizing system of strain FM-2 was effective only on the limited range of bisphenols consisting of two phenolic rings joined together through a bridging carbon without any methyl substitution on the rings or on the bridging structure. A BPF biodegradation pathway was proposed on the basis of metabolite production patterns and identification of the metabolites. The initial step of BPF biodegradation involves hydroxylation of the bridging carbon to form bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methanol, followed by oxidation to 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone. The 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone appears to be further oxidized by the Baeyer-Villiger reaction to 4-hydroxyphenyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, which is then cleaved by oxidation to form 4-hydroxybenzoate and 1,4-hydroquinone. Both of the resultant simple aromatic compounds are mineralized.
authors.affiliation: Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kashihara
authors.forename: Yusaku
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murai
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Danzl
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sei
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsunoi
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Michihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ike
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D042301:Sphingomonadaceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D000098833:Bisphenol F Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C008745:4,4'-bisphenol F; D000098833:Bisphenol F Compounds