title: Regulation of CD38 in proliferating chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells stimulated with CD154 and interleukin-4.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, like normal B-cells, exist in two populations in vivo: quiescent cells in the peripheral circulation and proliferating cells in lymph nodes. The surface marker CD38 has roles in cell adhesion and signaling. Its expression correlates with poor clinical outcome and is associated with expression of the signaling intermediate ZAP-70, which is also a marker of poor prognosis. We investigated the regulation of CD38 and ZAP-70 in proliferating CLL cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We cultured CLL cells on a stromal cell layer that maintains viability and also with some stromal cells expressing CD40 ligand (CD154) in order to measure changes in expression of CD38 and ZAP-70.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrated up-regulation of CD38 expression by CD154. The degree of up-regulation did not correlate with clinical stage or mutational status. In addition in the majority of cases tested ZAP-70 expression increased in parallel with up-regulation of CD38 although discordant cases were also observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall we demonstrated that regulation of CD38 in CLL is dynamic and dependent on signals from CD154 and a stromal cell layer. We speculate that CD38 and ZAP-70 are expressed in lymph node leukemic cells in both good and poor prognosis patients, but, in cases with good clinical outcome, these molecules are down-regulated in the peripheral blood whereas in cases with poor prognosis their expression is maintained.
authors.affiliation: Division of Investigative Sciences, Department of Haematology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
authors.forename: Shaun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Willimott
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baou
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huf
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deaglio
authors.forename: Simon D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051746:ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D015847:Interleukin-4; D051746:ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1