title: [Removal of infected pacemaker leads under extracorporeal circulation].
abstract: We report 3 cases of removal of infected pacemaker leads under extracorporeal circulation. The infections occurred 12, 29, and 58 months after the implantations. A skin ulcer was at first formed over the pacemaker; then the pacemaker itself became infected. The right atrium was incised, and the infected leads were pulled out. The ventricular leads adhered to the tricuspid valve, the chordae tendineae and the endocardia. A lead tip could easily be extirpated with sharp scissors. Two cases underwent implantation of myocardial electrodes; the new generators were implanted below the fascia of the rectus abdominis muscle. In the other case, a pacemaker was implanted transvenously because an appropriate epicardial pacing site could not be found. Case infected by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) died from mediastinitis a month after the operation. The others did not have a recrudescence of their infections. Removal of the leads under extracorporeal circulation is an invasive but sure procedure to extirpate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nayoro City General Hospital, Nayoro, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Magishi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Uchida
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020878:Device Removal / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000209:etiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016896:Treatment Outcome