title: Family intervention in Indigenous communities: emergent issues in conducting outcome research.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Indigenous children and youth are at greater risk of emotional and behavioural problems than non-Indigenous youth, with family life stresses and parenting style identified as common risk factors. There is substantial evidence that parenting programs can improve family relationships and improve child outcomes, however little research has focused on Indigenous communities. Our team is conducting research to evaluate a culturally sensitive adaptation of a mainstream intervention, the Group Triple P---Positive Parenting Program, for Indigenous families. This paper shares some of the insights into research and clinical issues gained as non-Indigenous researchers working with urban, rural and remote Indigenous communities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experience of the research team and feedback from practitioners and parents have been drawn on for this discussion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parenting programs need to be sensitive to the political and cultural context in which parenting takes place, flexibly incorporate cultural practices and expectations, and develop an evidence base of outcomes for families in diverse communities. As research is needed to evaluate the acceptability and effectiveness of these programs, culturally sensitive research practices are also necessary and the value of program evaluation and its benefit to the community must be clear. Community acceptance of the research process and the intervention itself is vital and may be influenced by community perceptions, current priorities, and local issues. If our overall aim is to increase the skilled health and mental health workforce in Indigenous communities and their use of evidence-based interventions, ongoing collaborative relationships between research institutions and service providers will serve to further this aim.
authors.affiliation: Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. kturner@psy.uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanders
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005192:Family Health; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D016487:Parenting; D016730:Program Development; D012307:Risk Factors