title: Prognostic significance of the immediate early response gene X-1 (IEX-1) expression in pancreatic cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The immediate early response gene X-1 (IEX-1) is a stress-inducible protein that is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of IEX-1 expression in pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  IEX-1 protein expression was examined on paraffin-embedded specimens from 78 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using immunohistochemistry. The relationships between the IEX-1 expression and other clinicopathological parameters and patient survival were evaluated. A similar analysis was conducted in a subgroup of 48 patients, who underwent a macroscopically curative resection with detailed information on the pathological findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 78 pancreatic cancer patients, 41 patients (53%) were positive for IEX-1 staining. In a multivariate analysis, curative operation (P < .001), pathological stage I-III (P = .001), and positive IEX-1 expression (P = .002) were significantly favorable factors for survival. In a subgroup of 48 patients undergoing a macroscopically curative surgery, IEX-1 expression was positive in 28 patients (58%). A significant negative correlation was observed between the IEX-1 expression and serosal (P = .032) or arterial (P = .040) invasion of tumors. A multivariate analysis demonstrated limited local invasion (pT1-3, P = .021), negative lymph node involvement (pN0, P < .001), and positive IEX-1 expression (P = .004) to be significantly favorable factors for survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The positive IEX-1 expression in tumor tissues may be associated with a better prognosis in pancreatic cancer. An immunohistochemical assessment of IEX-1 expression may therefore be helpful for predicting patient prognosis in this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kitano Hospital, Tazuke-Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan. tsasada@kitano-hp.or.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasada
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashida
authors.forename: Michiyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yanagawa
authors.forename: Arimichi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takabayashi
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C099815:IER3 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins