title: Outcomes and prognostic variables in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck: a recent experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the recent experience of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma treated with radiation therapy at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1990 to 2004, a total of 59 patients with a diagnosis of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck received radiation therapy at our institution. The subsite distribution was oral cavity, 28% (n = 17); paranasal sinuses, 22% (n = 13); parotid, 14% (n = 8); submandibular, 14% (n = 8); oropharynx, 10% (n = 6); sublingual, 3% (n = 2); nasopharynx, 3% (n = 2); and other, 5% (n = 3). T Stage distribution was T1, 34% (n = 20); T2, 19% (n = 11); T3, 14% (n = 8); and T4, 34% (n = 20). Twenty-nine percent of patients (n = 17) were treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy; 25% (n =15), with three-dimensional conformal therapy, and the remainder, with conventional techniques. Ninety percent (n = 53) of patients received treatment including the base of skull.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up for surviving patients was 5.9 years. Five-year and 10-year rates of local control and distant metastases-free survival were 91%/81% and 81%/49%, respectively. Five-year and 10-year rates of disease-free and overall survival were 76%/40% and 87%/65%, respectively. On univariate analysis, stage T4 (p = 0.004) and gross/clinical nerve involvement (p = 0.002) were associated with decreased progression free survival, whereas stage T4 and lymph node involvement were associated with decreased overall survival (p = 0.046 and p < 0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiation therapy in combination with surgery produces excellent rates of local control, although distant metastases account for a high proportion of failures. Routine treatment to the base of skull reduces the significance of histologic perineural invasion, but major nerve involvement remains an adverse prognostic factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. gomezd12@mskcc.org
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Bradford S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Hoppe
authors.forename: Suzanne L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wolden
authors.forename: Joanne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Zhung
authors.forename: Snehal G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Dennis H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: Jatin P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Ronald A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ghossein
authors.forename: Nancy Y
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003528:Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011379:Prognosis; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000150:complications; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome