title: Pseudodominant inheritance of goitrous congenital hypothyroidism caused by TPO mutations: molecular and in silico studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most cases of goitrous congenital hypothyroidism (CH) from thyroid dyshormonogenesis 1) follow a recessive mode of inheritance and 2) are due to mutations in the thyroid peroxidase gene (TPO). We report the genetic mechanism underlying the apparently dominant inheritance of goitrous CH in a nonconsanguineous family of French Canadian origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two brothers identified by newborn TSH screening had severe hypothyroidism and a goiter with increased (99m)Tc uptake. The mother was euthyroid, but the father and two paternal uncles had also been diagnosed with goitrous CH. After having excluded PAX8 gene mutations, we hypothesized that the underlying defect could be TPO mutations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both compound heterozygous siblings had inherited a mutant TPO allele carried by their mother (c.1496delC; p.Pro499Argfs2X), and from their father, one brother had inherited a missense mutation (c.1978C-->G; p.Gln660Glu) and the other an insertion (c.1955insT; p.Phe653Valfs15X). The thyroid gland of one uncle who is a compound heterozygote for TPO mutations (p.Phe653Valfs15X/p.Gln660Glu) was removed because of concurrent multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A. Immunohistochemistry revealed normal TPO staining, implying that Gln660Glu TPO is expressed properly. Modeling of this mutant in silico suggests that its three-dimensional structure is conserved, whereas the electrostatic binding energy between the Gln660Glu TPO and its heme group becomes repulsive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report a pedigree presenting with pseudodominant goitrous CH due to segregation of three different TPO mutations. Although goitrous CH generally follows a recessive mode of inheritance, the high frequency of TPO mutations carriers may lead to pseudodominant inheritance.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Service and Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada H3T 1C5.
authors.forename: Johnny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deladoëy
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pfarr
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vuissoz
authors.forename: Jasmine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parma
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vassart
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biesterfeld
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pohlenz
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Vliet
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D003409:Congenital Hypothyroidism / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006042:Goiter / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010375:Pedigree; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D055672:Static Electricity; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase