title: Endocannabinoids and liver disease. II. Endocannabinoids in the pathogenesis and treatment of liver fibrosis.
abstract: Hepatic fibrosis is the response of the liver to chronic injury and is associated with portal hypertension, progression to hepatic cirrhosis, liver failure, and high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. On a molecular level, a large number of signaling pathways have been shown to contribute to the activation of fibrogenic cell types and the subsequent accumulation of extracellular matrix in the liver. Recent evidence suggests that the endocannabinoid system is an important part of this complex signaling network. In the injured liver, the endocannabinoid system is upregulated both at the level of endocannabinoids and at the endocannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. The hepatic endocannabinoid system mediates both pro- and antifibrogenic effects by activating distinct signaling pathways that differentially affect proliferation and death of fibrogenic cell types. Here we will summarize current findings on the role of the hepatic endocannabinoid system in liver fibrosis and discuss emerging options for its therapeutic exploitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Sören V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Siegmund
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Schwabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000502:physiology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid