title: Visceral fat is associated with cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have been reported to have subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) and increased abdominal fat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between visceral fat (VF) and early markers of CVD in PCOS women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred overweight PCOS women [(mean +/- SD) age 24.6 +/- 3.2 years, body mass index (BMI) 28.5 +/- 2.8 kg/m2] and 100 healthy age- and BMI-matched volunteer controls entered this cross-sectional study. In all subjects, the amount of VF was measured by ultrasonography. Anthropometric measurements [BMI and waist circumference (WC)], complete hormonal and metabolic pattern, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), brachial arterial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and inflammatory biomarkers [C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, white blood cells count and plasminogen activated inhibitor-1] were also obtained from all subjects. A stepwise linear regression model was used in PCOS patients to verify if IMT or FMD as dependent variables are affected by other independent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VF amount was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in PCOS subjects than in healthy controls [31.4 +/- 7.3 versus 28.0 +/- 6.1 (mean+/-SD) mm, respectively] and directly related to insulin resistance: HOMA (r = 0.918, P < 0.001) and AUC(INS) (r = 0.879, P < 0.001), and to WC (r = 0.658; P < 0.001). In PCOS, the two linear regression analyses showed that IMT is positively affected by VF and CRP, whereas FMD is positively affected by IMT and negatively by VF and CRP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VF amount is associated with subclinical CVD in PCOS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cascella
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palomba
authors.forename: Ilario
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Sio
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Manguso
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giallauria
authors.forename: Biagio
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Simone
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tafuri
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colao
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Orio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology*; D016014:Linear Models; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012307:Risk Factors; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein