title: Type III secretion effectors of the IpaH family are E3 ubiquitin ligases.
abstract: Many bacteria pathogenic for plants or animals, including Shigella spp., which is responsible for shigellosis in humans, use a type III secretion apparatus to inject effector proteins into host cells. Effectors alter cell signaling and host responses induced upon infection; however, their precise biochemical activities have been elucidated in very few cases. Utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a surrogate host, we show that the Shigella effector IpaH9.8 interrupts pheromone response signaling by promoting the proteasome-dependent destruction of the MAPKK Ste7. In vitro, IpaH9.8 displayed ubiquitin ligase activity toward ubiquitin and Ste7. Replacement of a Cys residue that is invariant among IpaH homologs of plant and animal pathogens abolished the ubiquitin ligase activity of IpaH9.8. We also present evidence that the IpaH homolog SspH1 from Salmonella enterica can ubiquitinate ubiquitin and PKN1, a previously identified SspH1 interaction partner. This study assigns a function for IpaH family members as E3 ubiquitin ligases.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75724 Paris, Cédex 15, France.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rohde
authors.forename: Ashton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Breitkreutz
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chenal
authors.forename: Philippe J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sansonetti
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Parsot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010675:Pheromones / Q000378:metabolism; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012763:Shigella flexneri / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D010675:Pheromones; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D025801:Ubiquitin; C063500:ipaH protein, Shigella flexneri; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D011494:Protein Kinases; C061570:protein kinase N; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; C119844:STE7 protein, S cerevisiae; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex