title: MAP-kinase activity necessary for TGFbeta1-stimulated mesangial cell type I collagen expression requires adhesion-dependent phosphorylation of FAK tyrosine 397.
abstract: The signals mediating transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-stimulated kidney fibrogenesis are poorly understood. We previously reported TGFbeta-stimulated, Smad-mediated collagen production by human kidney mesangial cells, and that ERK MAP kinase activity optimizes collagen expression and enhances phosphorylation of the Smad3 linker region. Furthermore, we showed that disrupting cytoskeletal integrity decreases type I collagen production. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK, PTK2) activity could integrate these findings. Adhesion-dependent FAK Y397 phosphorylation was detected basally, whereas FAK Y925 phosphorylation was TGFbeta1-dependent. By immunocytochemistry, TGFbeta1 stimulated the merging of phosphorylated FAK with the ends of thickening stress fibers. Cells cultured on poly-L-lysine (pLL) to promote integrin-independent attachment spread less than those on control substrate and failed to demonstrate focal adhesion (FA) engagement with F-actin. FAK Y397 phosphorylation and ERK activity were also decreased under these conditions. In cells with decreased FAK Y397 phosphorylation from either plating on pLL or overexpressing a FAK Y397F point mutant, serine phosphorylation of the Smad linker region, but not of the C-terminus, was reduced. Y397F and Y925F FAK point mutants inhibited TGFbeta-induced Elk-Gal activity, but only the Y397F mutant inhibited TGFbeta-stimulated collagen-promoter activity. The inhibition by the Y397F mutant or by culture on pLL was prevented by co-transfection of constitutively active ERK MAP kinase kinase (MEK), suggesting that FAK Y397 phosphorylation promotes collagen expression via ERK MAP kinase activity. Finally, Y397 FAK phosphorylation, and both C-terminal and linker-region Smad3 phosphorylation were detected in murine TGFbeta-dependent kidney fibrosis. Together, these data demonstrate adhesion-dependent FAK phosphorylation promoting TGFbeta-induced responses to regulate collagen production.
authors.affiliation: Division of Kidney Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The Freinberg School Of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. hayashida@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashida
authors.forename: Ming-Hua
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: Anne-Christine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Poncelet
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: H William
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Schnaper
mesh_terms: D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism*; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D050527:Mesangial Cells / Q000737:chemistry*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010957:Plasmids; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014443:Tyrosine; D008156:Luciferases; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases