title: Enhanced behavioral sensitivity to the competitive GABA agonist, gaboxadol, in transgenic mice over-expressing hippocampal extrasynaptic alpha6beta GABA(A) receptors.
abstract: The behavioral and functional significance of the extrasynaptic inhibitory GABA(A) receptors in the brain is still poorly known. We used a transgenic mouse line expressing the GABA(A) receptor alpha6 subunit gene in the forebrain under the Thy-1.2 promoter (Thy1alpha6) mice ectopically expressing alpha6 subunits especially in the hippocampus to study how extrasynaptically enriched alphabeta(gamma2)-type receptors alter animal behavior and receptor responses. In these mice extrasynaptic alpha6beta receptors make up about 10% of the hippocampal GABA(A) receptors resulting in imbalance between synaptic and extrasynaptic inhibition. The synthetic GABA-site competitive agonist gaboxadol (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol; 3 mg/kg) induced remarkable anxiolytic-like response in the light : dark exploration and elevated plus-maze tests in Thy1alpha6 mice, while being almost inactive in wild-type mice. The transgenic mice also lost quicker and for longer time their righting reflex after 25 mg/kg gaboxadol than wild-type mice. In hippocampal sections of Thy1alpha6 mice, the alpha6beta receptors could be visualized autoradiographically by interactions between gaboxadol and GABA via [(35)S]TBPS binding to the GABA(A) receptor ionophore. Gaboxadol inhibition of the binding could be partially prevented by GABA. Electrophysiology of recombinant GABA(A) receptors revealed that GABA was a partial agonist at alpha6beta3 and alpha6beta3delta receptors, but a full agonist at alpha6beta3gamma2 receptors when compared with gaboxadol. The results suggest strong behavioral effects via selective pharmacological activation of enriched extrasynaptic alphabeta GABA(A) receptors, and the mouse model represents an example of the functional consequences of altered balance between extrasynaptic and synaptic inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kati S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Saarelainen
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ranna
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rabe
authors.forename: Saku T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Sinkkonen
authors.forename: Tommi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Möykkynen
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uusi-Oukari
authors.forename: Anni-Maija
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lüddens
authors.forename: Esa R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Korpi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001345:Autoradiography / Q000379:methods; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D003623:Dark Adaptation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D018755:GABA Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000378:metabolism; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D018755:GABA Agonists; C546172:Gabra6 protein, mouse; D007555:Isoxazoles; D021122:Protein Subunits; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; C037476:tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate; C015542:gaboxadol