title: Improved endothelial function following a 14-month resistance exercise training program in adults with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the effect of a 14-month progressive resistance training (PRT) program on endothelial function in both a supervised training (Center) group and non-supervised training (Home) group of patients with type 2 diabetes. We studied 28 men and women with type 2 diabetes who participated in a 14-month PRT involving an initial 2-month supervised program and a 12-month maintenance program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endothelial function testing was performed through laser doppler flow responses in the skin microcirculation to iontophoresis of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (NaNP) and doses of 4, 8 and 16mC were used. Measurements of vascular response (VR), HbA1c, weight and blood pressure were performed at 0, 2 and 14 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VR to ACh and NaNP was significantly increased at 14 months compared with baseline in both the Center and Home groups. However, no between-group differences were observed. A significant correlation was observed between HbA1c and VR to ACh at baseline and 8 weeks using 8mC dose of ACh. There was a strong correlation between HbA1c at baseline and VR at 14 months using all three doses of ACh (4mC:r=-0.546, p=0.003, 8mC:r=-0.470, p=0.002, 16mC:r=-0.547, p=0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endothelial function is improved following 14 months of PRT in type 2 diabetes both in a supervised and non-supervised program. Strong correlations with HbA1c including initial HbA1c levels suggest that glycemic control may be an important factor in long-term regulation of endothelial function.
authors.affiliation: International Diabetes Institute, 250 Kooyong Road, Caulfield, Melbourne, VIC 3162, Australia. ncohen@idi.org.au
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Dunstan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vulikh
authors.forename: P Z
authors.initials: PZ
authors.lastname: Zimmet
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Shaw
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004727:Endothelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007478:Iontophoresis; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply
chemical_list: D000109:Acetylcholine; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D009599:Nitroprusside