title: Effects of vagus nerve stimulation on cardiovascular regulation in patients with epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on heart rate and blood pressure (BP) modulation in epilepsy patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one epilepsy patients with VNS were tested during on (60 s) and off (5 min) phases. We monitored BP, RR intervals (RRI) and respiration. Spectral analysis was performed in low- (LF: 0.04-0.15 Hz) and high-frequency bands (HF: 0.15-0.5 Hz). For coherences above 0.5, we calculated the LF transfer function between systolic BP and RRI, and the HF transfer function gain and phase between RRI and respiration. Differences between the on and off phases were evaluated using Wilcoxon test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VNS did not change RRI and BP values. The LF power of BP and the LF and HF power of RRI increased significantly. There was a slight change in the RRI/BP LF gain and the RRI/respiration HF gain (ns). The HF phase between RRI and respiration decreased significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings show that VNS influences both sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiovascular modulation. However, our results also show that VNS does not negatively influence autonomic cardiovascular regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stemper
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Devinsky
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haendl
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Welsch
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hilz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017776:Autonomic Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D012119:Respiration; D012307:Risk Factors; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology*