Development of a framework towards successful implementation of e-governance initiatives in health sector in India.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this paper is to explore the route map for employing efficient e-governance so that at least existing resource and infrastructure are better utilized and deficiencies are tracked for future planning. National health is one of the most important factors in a country's economic growth. India seems to be a victim of the vicious cycle around poor economy and poor health conditions.


METHODS
A detailed study was carried out to find out India's healthcare infrastructure and its standing in e-governance initiatives. After consolidating the fact that effective e-governance can enhance the quality of healthcare service even within limited resources, authors explored success and failure factors of many e-governance initiatives in India and abroad. Finally, an e-governance framework is suggested based on the above factors together with the authors' own experience of implementing e-governance projects in India and abroad.


RESULTS
The suggested framework is based on a phased implementation approach. The first phase "Information Dissemination" is more geared towards breaking the "digital divide" across three dimensions: G2Business; G2Citizen; and G2Agent. The most advanced stage is aimed towards joining up healthcare information across the above three dimensions and drawing meaningful analytics out of it. The recommendations also include management of Policies, Scope, Process Reform, Infrastructure, Technology, Finance, Partnership and People for efficient implementation of such e-governance initiatives.


CONCLUSIONS
The paper provides measures for continuous evaluation of systems as one passes through various stages of implementation. However, the framework can be tested on real or simulated environment to prove its worthiness.


CONCLUSIONS
This paper can be a potential frame of reference for nation-wide e-healthcare projects not only in India but also in other developing countries. The paper also describes challenges that are most likely to be faced during implementation.


CONCLUSIONS
Since the paper is practical in nature, the real appeal will be to practitioners who are responsible for implementation of large e-governance initiatives for improving healthcare services.
Ray
Subhasis
S
ICFAI Business School, Salt Lake, Kolkata, India. subhasisr@ibsindia.org
Mukherjee
Amitava
A
D001331:Automation; D003906:Developing Countries; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D006290:Health Planning Technical Assistance; D006298:Health Services Administration; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D033181:Information Dissemination; D020407:Internet