The FoxO transcription factors and metabolic regulation.
Forkhead transcription factors FoxOs are conserved beyond species and regulated by insulin signaling pathway. FoxOs have diverse functions on differentiation, proliferation and cell survival. In calorie restriction (CR) or starvation, FoxOs are in nucleus, active transcriptionally, and increase hepatic glucose production, decrease insulin secretion, increase food intake and cause degradation of skeletal muscle for supplying substrates for glucose production. However, even in insulin resistance due to excessive calorie intake, FoxOs are active and causes type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The understanding of molecular mechanism how FoxOs affect glucose or lipid metabolism will shed light on the novel therapy of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.
Nakae
Jun
J
21st Century COE Program for Signal Transduction Disease, Kobe University Graduate school of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan. nakaej@med.kobe-u.ac.jp
Oki
Miyo
M
Cao
Yongheng
Y
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology; D008660:Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
D007328:Insulin; D014157:Transcription Factors