title: Pharmacokinetics of tobramycin in ducks and sex-related differences.
abstract: The aims of the present study were to determine the disposition of tobramycin after single intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) injections in ducks, and to establish any sex-related differences. Tobramycin sulfate was administered as a 2.5% water solution in a cross-over design at a dose of 5mg/kg to 12 healthy ducks (six males and six females). Concentrations of the drug in serum were determined by a microbiological assay. The serum pharmacokinetic values for tobramycin were best represented using a one- or two-compartment open model, depending on the method of administration. Non-compartment analysis was also performed after IV administration. Tobramycin had a low degree of distribution and a relatively fast elimination. The mean volume of distribution in ducks (males and females) was higher than that reported in pigeons but lower than in chickens, with a slower rate of elimination. The IM injection resulted in a fast and complete absorption. The rate of elimination after IM administration was about twice as slow as in other avian species. Sex-related variations in tobramycin pharmacokinetics were similar to those reported for kanamycin and apramycin in hens and roosters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Physiology of Animals and Physiological Chemistry, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Dimitrichka
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dimitrova
authors.forename: Rumyana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moutafchieva
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kanelov
authors.forename: Toncho
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dinev
authors.forename: Lyubomir
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lashev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004372:Ducks / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D013045:Species Specificity; D014031:Tobramycin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014031:Tobramycin