Triggering psoriasis: the role of infections and medications.
Psoriasis can be provoked or exacerbated by a variety of different environmental factors, particularly infections and drugs. Strong evidence exists for the induction of guttate psoriasis by a preceding tonsillar Streptococcus pyogenes infection, whereas disease exacerbation has been linked with skin and/or gut colonization by Staphylococcus aureus, Malassezia, and Candida albicans. The role, if any, of viruses (papillomaviruses, HIV, and endogenous retroviruses) present in lesional skin is at present unknown. The use of various drugs, such as lithium, beta-blockers, antimalarial agents, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, has also been associated with induction or worsening of disease in psoriatic patients.
Fry
Lionel
L
Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, St Mary's Campus, W2 1PG London, UK. l.fry@imperial.ac.uk
Baker
Barbara S
BS
D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D009181:Mycoses / Q000150:complications*; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000150:complications*