title: Adjunctive risperidone in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a double-blind, prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Residual symptoms despite treatment are common in generalized anxiety disorders (GAD). The Patient-Rated Troubling Symptoms for Anxiety (PaRTS-A) is a newly created and validated instrument that measures the symptoms most troublesome to each individual patient and was used to test the hypothesis that adjunctive risperidone improves residual GAD symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary care and psychiatry clinicians enrolled adults (n = 417) with GAD and a Clinical Global Impressions of Severity rating ≥ 4 despite ≥ 8 weeks of anxiolytic treatment. Subjects were randomized to adjunctive risperidone or placebo. The primary endpoint was change from baseline to week 4 endpoint in PaRTS-A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvement from baseline to week 4 endpoint in PaRTS-A total score (mean +/-SE) was similar between treatment groups (-8.54 [0.63] and -7.61 [0.64] for adjunctive risperidone and placebo, respectively; P = .265). Patients in each treatment group exhibited significant improvements from baseline in nearly all patient- and clinician-rated measures. A post-hoc analysis of PaRTS-A symptoms of moderate to severe severity at baseline suggested greater improvement with risperidone than placebo (P = .04). Headache, weight increase, and increased appetite were the most frequently reported adverse events in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Residual GAD symptoms assessed by the PaRTS-A improved with either adjunctive risperidone or placebo. Alternative analyses or scoring approaches may improve the ability of the PaRTS-A to provide clinically meaningful information on patient-rated symptoms. Further exploration of the benefits of risperidone in patients with more severe GAD may be indicated.
authors.affiliation: Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA. gpandina@prdus.jnj.com
authors.forename: Gahan J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Pandina
authors.forename: Carla M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Canuso
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Turkoz
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kujawa
authors.forename: Ramy A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D018967:Risperidone / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D010919:Placebos; D018967:Risperidone