title: Production of raw starch-saccharifying thermostable and neutral glucoamylase by the thermophilic mold Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae in submerged fermentation.
abstract: Among physical and nutritional parameters optimized by "one variable at a time" approach, four cultural variables (sucrose, MgSO4 .7H2O, inoculum size, and incubation period) significantly affected glucoamylase production. These variables were, therefore, selected for optimization using response surface methodology. The p-values of the coefficients for linear effect of sucrose and inoculum size were less than 0.0001, suggesting them to be the key experimental variables in glucoamylase production. The enzyme production (34 U/ml) attained under optimized conditions (sucrose, 2%; MgSO4 .7H2O, 0.13%; yeast extract, 0.1%; inoculum size, 5 x 10(6) spores per 50 ml production medium; incubation time, 48 h; temperature, 40 degrees C; and pH 7.0) was comparable with the value predicted by polynomial model (34.2 U/ml). An over all 3.1-fold higher enzyme titers were attained due to response surface optimization. The experimental model was validated by carrying out glucoamylase production in shake flasks of increasing capacity (0.25-2.0 l) and 22-l laboratory bioreactors (stirred tank and airlift), where the enzyme production was sustainable. Furthermore, the fermentation time was reduced from 48 h in shake flasks to 32 h in bioreactors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110 021, India.
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Pardeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satyanarayana
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D005285:Fermentation; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods; D009090:Mucorales / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D013213:Starch; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase