title: Mast cell tryptase causes homologous desensitization of beta-adrenoceptors by Ca2+ sensitization in tracheal smooth muscle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have revealed that in asthma, mast cells infiltrate to the smooth muscle layer and release tryptase, an enzymatic activator of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2). This phenomenon, mast cell myositis, is proposed as a new feature of asthma. However, little is known about the involvement of mast cell myositis in the pathophysiology of asthma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to determine whether mast cell degranulation has any functional impact on beta-adrenoceptors via PAR2 in airway smooth muscle. Moreover, we focused on Ca(2+) signalling as a mechanism underlying alteration of smooth muscle tone and responsiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isometric tension and F(340)/F(380), an indicator of the concentration of intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)), were simultaneously measured using fura-2-loaded tissues isolated from guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tryptase (1-100 nm) caused tension with elevated F(340)/F(380), and after exposure to tryptase for 15 min the inhibitory effect of isoprenaline (ISO) against methacholine was attenuated without elevating F(340)/F(380) in a concentration-dependent manner. Tryptase (<1 nm) had a modest effect on tension, but prolonged treatment (</=120 min) with 0.1 nm tryptase also reduced the effects of ISO in a time-dependent manner. When tissues were incubated with tryptase in the presence of Y-27632, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, reduced responsiveness to ISO by tryptase was reversed without affecting F(340)/F(380). In contrast, pre-treatment with SKF96365, a non-selective inhibitor of Ca(2+) channels, did not antagonize the effect of tryptase. Moreover, pre-treatment with SLIGKV-NH(2), a non-enzymatic activator of PAR2, resulted in a loss of beta-adrenergic efficacy, similar to tryptase. The effect of cAMP-related agents bypassing beta-adrenoceptors was not attenuated after exposure to tryptase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In mast cell myositis, tryptase released from mast cells acts on airway smooth muscle, leading to homologous beta-adrenergic desensitization mediated by [Ca(2+)](i)-independent mechanisms via PAR2 activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kume
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oguma
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimokata
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D044464:Receptor, PAR-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D053802:Tryptases / Q000378:metabolism*; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D044464:Receptor, PAR-2; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases; D053802:Tryptases; D002118:Calcium