title: Clinical evaluation of a low-friction attachment device during canine retraction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study used a split-mouth design to compare the amount of canine movement and the retraction time between brackets with Clear Snap and brackets with stainless steel ligature wires for three different levels of retraction force.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 30 patients was used. After initial leveling, the canine was retracted using a 50-g (n = 10), 100-g (n = 10), or 150-g (n = 10) closed-coil spring. The canine on one side was chosen at random, and Clear Snap was attached to the bracket during the retraction period. The other side was used as a control. The amount of canine retraction was measured with a digital vernier caliper. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average canine retraction time was approximately 2 to 3 months less in all experimental groups (50, 100, and 150 g) compared to the control group. In the control group, 150 g resulted in a shorter duration of canine retraction compared to 50 g. There was no significant difference in the duration of canine retraction among the experimental groups. A greater amount of mean total canine movement was observed in all experimental groups compared to the control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A shorter duration of canine retraction time was observed with Clear Snap attached when compared with the control. The authors suggest that with the use of Clear Snap, less than 50 g of force may effectively retract a canine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deguchi
authors.forename: Mikako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Yasuyo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kushima
authors.forename: Teruko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takano-Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002508:Cephalometry; D003481:Cuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy*; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D011859:Radiography; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods