Axon & dendrite degeneration: its mechanisms and protective experimental paradigms.
Accumulating evidence suggests that axon and dendrite (or neurite) degeneration both in vivo and in vitro requires self-destructive programs independent of cell death programs to segregate neurite degeneration from cell soma demise. This review will deal with the mechanisms of neurite degeneration caused by several experimental paradigms including trophic factor deprivation and Wallerian degeneration as well as those under pathological conditions. The involvement of autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction is emphasized in these mechanisms. The mechanisms through which protective agents including the Wld(s) protein rescue neurites from degeneration or fail to do so will be discussed.
Koike
Tatsuro
T
Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, North Ward N10 W8, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan. koike@sci.hokudai.ac.jp
Yang
Yi
Y
Suzuki
Kazuhiko
K
Zheng
Xiaoxiang
X
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D003712:Dendrites / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000473:pathology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010539:Permeability; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C442580:Wld protein, mouse