Single strand dna breaks in human lymphocytes exposed to para-phenylenediamine and its derivatives.
Para-Phenylenediamine (PPD), the main aromatic amines used in the hair dye formation, and its four derivatives (2-chloro-p-phenylenediamine, 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine, 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine, and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine) were examined for their potential to produce single strand DNA breaks in human lymphocytes using the alkaline comet assay. Results revealed that all the tested chemicals within the range of doses from 100 microM to 500 microM showed the genotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner after the incubation of lymphocytes with these chemicals for 2 h. In this study, we first reported that PPD and its four derivatives can elicit the type of single strand breaks in human lymphocytes.
School of Pharmacy & Health Science, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Soi Mei
SM
Chye
You Cheng
YC
Hseu
Shih-Hsiung
SH
Liang
Chin-Hui
CH
Chen
Ssu Ching
SC
Chen
D000328:Adult; D020552:Comet Assay / Q000379:methods*; D053904:DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
D010655:Phenylenediamines