Sedation with detomidine and acepromazine influences the endoscopic evaluation of laryngeal function in horses.
BACKGROUND
Endoscopy of the upper airways of horses is used as a diagnostic tool and at purchase examinations. On some occasions it is necessary to use sedation during the procedure and it is often speculated that the result of the examination might be influenced due to the muscle-relaxing properties of the most commonly used sedatives.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of detomidine (0.01 mg/kg bwt) and acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg bwt) on the appearance of symmetry of rima glottidis, ability to abduct maximally the arytenoid cartilages and the effect on recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) grade.


METHODS
Forty-two apparently normal horses underwent endoscopic examination of the upper airways on 3 different occasions, under the influence of 3 different treatments: no sedation (control), sedation with detomidine and sedation with acepromazine. All examinations were performed with a minimum of one week apart. The study was performed as an observer-blind cross-over study.


RESULTS
Sedation with detomidine had a significant effect on the RLN grading (OR = 2.91) and ability maximally to abduct the left arytenoid cartilages (OR = 2.91). Sedation with acepromazine resulted in OR = 2.43 for the RLN grading and OR = 2.22 for the ability to abduct maximally. The ability to abduct maximally the right arytenoid cartilage was not altered.


CONCLUSIONS
Sedating apparently healthy horses with detomidine or acepromazine significantly impairs these horses' ability to abduct fully the left but not the right arytenoid cartilage. This resulted in different diagnosis with respect to RLN when comparing sedation to no sedation.


CONCLUSIONS
Since the ability to abduct the right arytenoid cartilage fully is not altered by sedation, it is speculated that horses changing from normal to abnormal laryngeal function when sedated, might be horses in an early stage of the disease. To confirm or reject these speculations, further studies are needed. Until then sedation during endoscopy should be used with care.
Lindegaard
C
C
University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Large Animal Sciences, Dyrlaegevej 48, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Husted
L
L
Ullum
H
H
Fjeldborg
J
J
D000075:Acepromazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D001193:Arytenoid Cartilage / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D006736:Horses; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D007830:Larynx / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio
D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007093:Imidazoles; D000075:Acepromazine; C041255:detomidine