Diet restriction and ageing in the dog: major observations over two decades.
This report reviews decade two of the lifetime diet restriction study of the dog. Labrador retrievers (n 48) were paired at age 6 weeks by sex and weight within each of seven litters, and assigned randomly within the pair to control-feeding (CF) or 25 % diet restriction (DR). Feeding began at age 8 weeks. The same diet was fed to all dogs; only the quantity differed. Major lifetime observations included 1.8 years longer median lifespan among diet-restricted dogs, with delayed onset of late life diseases, especially osteoarthritis. Long-term DR did not negatively affect skeletal maturation, structure or metabolism. Among all dogs, high static fat mass and declining lean body mass predicted death, most strongly at 1 year prior. Fat mass above 25 % was associated with increasing insulin resistance, which independently predicted lifespan and chronic diseases. Metabolizable energy requirement/lean body mass most accurately explained energy metabolism due to diet restriction; diet-restricted dogs required 17 % less energy to maintain each lean kilogram. Metabonomics-based urine metabolite trajectories reflected DR-related differences, suggesting that signals from gut microbiota may be involved in the DR longevity and health responses. Independent of feeding group, increased hazard of earlier death was associated with lower lymphoproliferative responses to phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen; lower total lymphocytes, T-cells, CD4 and CD8 cells; lower CD8 percentages and higher B-cell percentages. When diet group was taken into account, PWM responses and cell counts and percentages remained predictive of earlier death.
2 Research South, Nestle Research Center St Louis (NRC-STL), Checkerboard Square, St. Louis, MO 63164, USA. dennis.lawler@rdmo.nestle.com
Dennis F
DF
Lawler
Brian T
BT
Larson
Joan M
JM
Ballam
Gail K
GK
Smith
Darryl N
DN
Biery
Richard H
RH
Evans
Elizabeth H
EH
Greeley
Mariangela
M
Segre
Howard D
HD
Stowe
Richard D
RD
Kealy
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000375:Aging / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D031204:Caloric Restriction / Q000662:veterinary*; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008136:Longevity; D008297:Male; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000662:veterinary; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012098:Reproduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D013995:Time
D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D008934:Mitogens; D011506:Proteins