Prognostic relevance of metabolic syndrome in hypertensive patients at low-to-medium risk.
BACKGROUND
The prognostic impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the hypertensive population at low-medium risk is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic relevance of MetS in hypertensive patients at low-medium risk.


METHODS
The occurrence of nonfatal and fatal cardiac and cerebrovascular events was evaluated in 802 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension at low-medium risk according to the 2003 World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension statement on the management of hypertension. Among these patients, 218 (27.2%) had MetS according to a modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) definition (body mass index in place of waist circumference).


RESULTS
During follow-up (6.9 +/- 3.1 years; range, 0.5 to 13.1 years, mean +/- SD), 58 first cardiovascular events occurred. The event rates per 100 patient-years in patients without and with MetS were 0.87 and 1.51, respectively. Event-free survival was significantly different between groups (P = .03). After adjustment for several covariates, Cox regression analysis showed that cardiovascular risk was significantly higher in patients with than in patients without MetS (relative risk, 2.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.52 to 4.58; P = .001). Other independent predictors of outcome were age, smoking habit, 24-h systolic BP, and LDL cholesterol.


CONCLUSIONS
Hypertensive patients at low-medium risk with MetS are at higher cardiovascular risk than those without MetS. Metabolic syndrome may be a useful tool for clinicians to identify subjects who are at increased risk when traditional assessment may indicate low-medium risk.
Pierdomenico
Sante D
SD
Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Università Gabriele d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy. pierdomenico@unich.it
Lapenna
Domenico
D
Di Tommaso
Roberta
R
Di Carlo
Silvio
S
Caldarella
Maria P
MP
Neri
Matteo
M
Mezzetti
Andrea
A
Cuccurullo
Franco
F
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012306:Risk