Plastid signals remodel light signaling networks and are essential for efficient chloroplast biogenesis in Arabidopsis.
Plastid signals are among the most potent regulators of genes that encode proteins active in photosynthesis. Plastid signals help coordinate the expression of the nuclear and chloroplast genomes and the expression of genes with the functional state of the chloroplast. Here, we report the isolation of new cryptochrome1 (cry1) alleles from a screen for Arabidopsis thaliana genomes uncoupled mutants, which have defects in plastid-to-nucleus signaling. We also report genetic experiments showing that a previously unidentified plastid signal converts multiple light signaling pathways that perceive distinct qualities of light from positive to negative regulators of some but not all photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (PhANGs) and change the fluence rate response of PhANGs. At least part of this remodeling of light signaling networks involves converting HY5, a positive regulator of PhANGs, into a negative regulator of PhANGs. We also observed that mutants with defects in both plastid-to-nucleus and cry1 signaling exhibited severe chlorophyll deficiencies. These data show that the remodeling of light signaling networks by plastid signals is a mechanism that plants use to integrate signals describing the functional and developmental state of plastids with signals describing particular light environments when regulating PhANG expression and performing chloroplast biogenesis.
Ruckle
Michael E
ME
Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
DeMarco
Stephanie M
SM
Larkin
Robert M
RM
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018548:Cotyledon / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D056931:Cryptochromes; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005420:Flavoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000528:radiation effects; D008027:Light; D008954:Models, Biological; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D018087:Plastids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; C538962:CRY1 protein, Arabidopsis; D056931:Cryptochromes; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005420:Flavoproteins; C519677:GUN1 protein, Arabidopsis; C109254:HY5 protein, Arabidopsis; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D002734:Chlorophyll