Fatty acid profile of the erythrocyte membrane preceding development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
OBJECTIVE
The respective roles of dietary fatty acids in the pathogenesis of diabetes are as yet unclear. Erythrocyte membrane fatty acid (EMFA) composition may provide an estimate of dietary fatty acid intake. This study investigates the relation between EMFA composition and development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.


RESULTS
In a nested case-referent design we studied 159 individuals tested as non-diabetic at baseline who after a mean observation time of 5.4+/-2.6years were diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and 291 sex- and age-matched referents. Higher proportions of pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0) were associated with a lower risk of diabetes. In accordance with earlier findings, higher proportions of palmitoleic (16:1 n-7), dihomo-gamma-linolenic (20:3 n-6) and adrenic (22:4 n-6) acids were associated with increased risk, whereas linoleic (18:2 n-6) and clupanodonic (22:5 n-3) acids were inversely associated with diabetes. After adjustment for BMI, HbA1c, alcohol intake, smoking and physical activity the only significant predictors were 15:0 and 17:0 as protective factors and 22:4 n6 as risk factor.


CONCLUSIONS
In accordance with previous studies, our results indicate that EMFA-patterns predict development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The inverse association with two saturated fatty acids, previously shown to reflect consumption of dairy products, is a new finding.
Behavioural Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden. benno.krachler@medicin.umu.se
Benno
B
Krachler
Margareta
M
Norberg
Jan W
JW
Eriksson
Göran
G
Hallmans
Ingegerd
I
Johansson
Bengt
B
Vessby
Lars
L
Weinehall
Bernt
B
Lindahl
D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000737:chemistry*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007328:Insulin; D008563:Membrane Lipids