Rule-based standardised switching of drugs at the interface between primary and tertiary care.
BACKGROUND
Changes in drug treatment are frequently mandatory with hospital admission and discharge because hospital drug formularies are generally restricted to about 3000 drugs as compared to the many times this number - 62,000 in Germany - that are commercially available. Without computerised support, the process involved with switching drugs to a corresponding generic or a therapeutic equivalent is time-consuming and error-prone.


METHODS
We have developed and tested a standardised interchange algorithm for subsequent implementation into a computerised decision support system that switches drugs to the corresponding generic or a therapeutic equivalent if they are not listed on the hospital drug formulary.


RESULTS
The algorithm was retrospectively applied to the medication regimens of 120 patients (774 prescribed drugs containing 886 active ingredients) at their time of admission to surgical wards. Of the prescribed drugs, 52.8% (409/774) were part of the hospital drug formulary, thereby rendering a switch unnecessary. The 365 drugs not listed consisted of 392 active ingredients that were successfully switched to a corresponding generic (84.7%) or a therapeutic equivalent (10.2%). No specific switching procedures were defined for only 2.3% (20/886) of the active ingredients. In these cases, the drugs were either discontinued (4/20) or special drug classes, current diseases or co-medication required manual switching (8/20), or the drugs were continued unchanged and ordered from a wholesaler (8/20).


CONCLUSIONS
Using a standardised interchange algorithm, pre-admission drug regimens can successfully be switched to drugs on a hospital drug formulary. These findings suggest that a computerised decision support system will likely be useful to support this important practice.
Department of Internal Medicine VI, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Stefanie U
SU
Walk
Thilo
T
Bertsche
Jens
J
Kaltschmidt
Markus G
MG
Pruszydlo
Torsten
T
Hoppe-Tichy
Ingeborg
I
Walter-Sack I
Walter E
WE
Haefeli
D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D016568:Drugs, Generic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005572:Formularies, Hospital as Topic; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
D016568:Drugs, Generic; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations