Examining action effects in the execution of a skilled soccer kick by using erroneous feedback.
The authors examined the role of action effects (i.e., ball trajectory) during the performance of a soccer kick. Participants were 20 expert players who kicked a ball over a height barrier toward a ground-level target. The authors occluded participants' vision of the ball trajectory after foot-to-ball contact. Participants in a 1st group received erroneous feedback from a video that showed a ball-trajectory apex approximately 75 cm lower than that of their actual kick, although the ball's landing position was unaltered. Participants in a 2nd group received correct video feedback of both the ball trajectory and the landing position. The erroneous-feedback group showed a significant bias toward higher ball trajectories than did the correct-feedback group. The authors conclude that performers at high levels of skill use the visual consequences of the action to plan and execute an action.
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, England. p.ford@ljmu.ac.uk
Paul
P
Ford
Nicola J
NJ
Hodges
A Mark
AM
Williams
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001245:Association Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002755:Choice Behavior; D030141:Feedback, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D012016:Reference Values; D012916:Soccer; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology