Signaling pathways activated by antigen-receptor engagement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B-cells.
Several features of the B-cell receptor (BCR) have emerged as major prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In particular, the absence of somatic mutations in the immunoglobulin variable region genes and expression of the protein tyrosine kinase ZAP-70 are strongly associated with an aggressive clinical course, and both features have been correlated with a greater capacity of the BCR to transmit antigen-induced signals. Additionally, differences in BCR structure and reactivity indicate that CLL B-cells from the two prognostic subsets may recognize different types of antigens. Antigens that are not rapidly internalized induce sustained BCR signaling that can promote the survival of the leukemic B-cells. The BCR signal is initially transmitted by the Syk kinase and modulated by ZAP-70, which shows inefficient or absent tyrosine kinase activation in B-cells. However, both ZAP-70 expression and sustained BCR engagement have been associated with prolonged activation of the Akt and ERK kinases, which is required for the induction of several antiapoptotic proteins, including Mcl-1, Bcl-xL and XIAP. Therefore, targeting components along the BCR signaling pathway may be a promising strategy for the treatment of CLL.
Efremov
Dimitar G
DG
Molecular Hematology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Monterotondo Outstation, CNR Campus A. Buzzati-Traverso, Rome, Italy. efremov@icgeb.org
Gobessi
Stefania
S
Longo
Pablo G
PG
D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005803:Genes, Immunoglobulin; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000072377:Syk Kinase; D051746:ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism
D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C000606896:SYK protein, human; D000072377:Syk Kinase; D051746:ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase; C497261:ZAP70 protein, human; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt