The fine-tuning of anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein antibodies in cardiovascular disease and thrombosis.
Anti-oxidised low-density lipoprotein (anti-oxLDL) antibodies are a heterogeneous group of autoantibodies including both pathogenic and protective subsets. Whereas in most studies the levels of anti-oxLDL antibodies were associated with enhanced atherosclerosis as evaluated by different methods, immunization with oxLDL leads to elevated levels of anti-oxLDL and protection against atherosclerosis. Anti-oxLDL can also be used for immunomodulation of atherosclerosis (i.e. possible therapeutic use of intravenous immunoglobulin, oral tolerance). More specific autoantibodies out of total anti-oxLDL should be selected, for instance, anti-oxLDL/beta-2-glycoprotein I complex, hence defining the fine-tuning of anti-oxLDL antibodies might detect which autoantibodies are pathogenic and which can be used therapeutically.
Rheumatology Division, São Paulo University School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
Jozélio
J
Freire de Carvalho
Yaniv
Y
Sherer
Yehuda
Y
Shoenfeld
D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018604:Epitope Mapping; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000276:immunology*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000276:immunology*
D001323:Autoantibodies; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein