Gender effect on the clinical measurement of swallowing.
BACKGROUND
Swallowing coordination is affected by cortical and subcortical inputs from the central nervous system. Our hypothesis is that the swallowing dynamics may be influenced by gender.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the influence of gender on water swallowing dynamics.


METHODS
We studied 111 health subjects, 36 men, aged 24-77 years (mean: 46.3 +/- 16.1 years) and 75 women, aged 22-75 years (mean: 39.6 +/- 13.3 years). All volunteers swallowed in triplicate 50 mL of water at 4 degrees C while precisely timed, when we measured the time to swallow all the volume and counted the number of swallows. We calculated the inter-swallow interval: the time to complete the task, in seconds, divided by the number of swallows; swallowing velocity: volume drunk (mL) by the time taken (s); swallowing volume capacity: volume drunk (mL) divided by the number of swallows.


RESULTS
Women had a shorter inter-swallow interval, slower swallowing velocity and lower volume capacity than men.


CONCLUSIONS
Gender has an effect on water swallowing dynamics, with women having a lower swallowing velocity and a lower volume capacity in each swallow than men.
Alves
Leda Maria Tavares
LM
Clinical Departament, São Paulo University School of Medicina, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Cassiani
Rachel de Aguiar
Rde A
Santos
Carla Manfredi dos
CM
Dantas
Roberto Oliveira
RO
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors