Synthesis, nitric oxide release, and anti-leukemic activity of glutathione-activated nitric oxide prodrugs: Structural analogues of PABA/NO, an anti-cancer lead compound.
Diazeniumdiolate anions and their prodrug forms are reliable sources of nitric oxide (NO) that have generated interest as promising therapeutic agents. A number of structural analogues of O(2)-(2,4-dinitro-5-(4-(N-methylamino)benzoyloxy)phenyl) 1-(N,N-dimethylamino)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (PABA/NO), an anti-cancer lead compound that is designed to release NO upon activation by glutathione, were prepared. The nitric oxide release patterns of these O(2)-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) diazeniumdiolates in the presence of glutathione were tested and it was found that in the absence of competing pathways, these compounds release nearly quantitative amounts of NO. The ability of PABA/NO and its structural analogues to inhibit human leukemia cell proliferation was determined and it was found that compounds releasing elevated amounts of NO displayed superior cytotoxic effects.
Chemistry Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Harinath
H
Chakrapani
Thomas C
TC
Wilde
Michael L
ML
Citro
Michael M
MM
Goodblatt
Larry K
LK
Keefer
Joseph E
JE
Saavedra
D010129:4-Aminobenzoic Acid / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011355:Prodrugs; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D005978:Glutathione; D010129:4-Aminobenzoic Acid