Characterisation of the acute and reversible airway inflammation induced by cadmium chloride inhalation in healthy dogs and evaluation of the effects of salbutamol and prednisolone.
The aims of this study were firstly to characterise a model of subclinical and reversible bronchial inflammation induced by cadmium chloride inhalation in healthy dogs and then to examine the effect of prednisolone or salbutamol treatment on the resulting bronchitis. The model characterisation and the effects of treatment were studied using clinical symptoms, haematology, thoracic radiography, bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage, barometric whole-body plethysmography and histamine broncho-provocation tests. In addition, the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and -9 were determined in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Cadmium inhalation induced: (1) a transient bronchial inflammation, dominated by neutrophils; (2) a neutrophilia of the blood that persisted for up to 4 weeks; (3) a transient increased bronchial reactivity, and (4) a significant increase in MMP-9 activity in the BALF. Prednisolone treatment reduced the influx of inflammatory cells into the BALF, but not significantly, had no effect on pulmonary function, and did not reduce of airway hypersensitivity. Salbutamol had almost no effect on any of the parameters investigated.
Department for Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. M.Bolognin@student.ulg.ac.be
M
M
Bolognin
N
N
Kirschvink
J
J
Leemans
V
V
De Buscher
F
F
Snaps
P
P
Gustin
D
D
Peeters
C
C
Clercx
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000420:Albuterol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000662:veterinary*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019256:Cadmium Chloride; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D011239:Prednisolone; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D019256:Cadmium Chloride; D000420:Albuterol