Characterisation of recombinant human fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase: implications for Sjögren-Larsson syndrome.
Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH) is an NAD+-dependent oxidoreductase involved in the metabolism of fatty alcohols. Enzyme activity has been implicated in the pathology of diabetes and cancer. Mutations in the human gene inactivate the enzyme and cause accumulation of fatty alcohols in Sjögren-Larsson syndrome, a neurological disorder resulting in physical and mental handicaps. Microsomal FALDH was expressed in E. coli and purified. Using an in vitro activity assay an optimum pH of approximately 9.5 and temperature of approximately 35 degrees C were determined. Medium- and long-chain fatty aldehydes were converted to the corresponding acids and kinetic parameters determined. The enzyme showed high activity with heptanal, tetradecanal, hexadecanal and octadecanal with lower activities for the other tested substrates. The enzyme was also able to convert some fatty alcohol substrates to their corresponding aldehydes and acids, at 25-30% the rate of aldehyde oxidation. A structural model of FALDH has been constructed, and catalytically important residues have been proposed to be involved in alcohol and aldehyde oxidation: Gln-120, Glu-207, Cys-241, Phe-333, Tyr-410 and His-411. These results place FALDH in a central role in the fatty alcohol/acid interconversion cycle, and provide a direct link between enzyme inactivation and disease pathology caused by accumulation of alcohols.
Lloyd
Matthew D
MD
Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK. M.D.Lloyd@bath.ac.uk
Boardman
Kieren D E
KD
Smith
Andrew
A
van den Brink
Daan M
DM
Wanders
Ronald J A
RJ
Threadgill
Michael D
MD
D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002384:Catalysis; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009154:Mutation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016111:Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome / Q000201:enzymology*; D013379:Substrate Specificity / Q000235:genetics
D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; C038828:long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase