Interactive music as a treatment for pain and stress in children during venipuncture: a randomized prospective study.
OBJECTIVE
The experience of venipuncture is seen by children as one of the most fearful experiences during hospitalization. Children experience anxiety both before and during the procedure. Therefore, any intervention aiming to prevent or reduce distress should focus on the entire experience of the procedure, including waiting, actual preparation, and conclusion. This study was designed to determine whether the presence of musicians, who had attended specific training to work in medical settings, could reduce distress and pain in children undergoing blood tests.


METHODS
Our sample population was composed of 108 unpremedicated children (4-13 years of age) undergoing blood tests. They were randomly assigned to a music group (n=54), in which the child underwent the procedure while interacting with the musicians in the presence of a parent or to a control group (n=54), in which only the parent provided support to the child during the procedure. The distress experienced by the child before, during and after the blood test was assessed with the Amended Form of the Observation Scale of Behavioral Distress, and pain experience with FACES scale (Wong Baker Scale) only after the venipuncture.


RESULTS
Our results show that distress and pain intensity was significantly lower (p<.001; p<.05) in the music group compared with the control group before, during, and after blood sampling.


CONCLUSIONS
This controlled study demonstrates that songs and music, performed by "professional" musicians, have a beneficial effect in reducing distress before, during, and after blood tests. This study shows, moreover, that the presence of musicians has a minor, but yet significant, effect on pain due to needle insertion.
Caprilli
Simona
S
Pain Service and Palliative Care, Department of Oncoemathology, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, and Department of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. s.caprilli@meyer.it
Anastasi
Francesca
F
Grotto
Rosa Pia Lauro
RP
Scollo Abeti
Marianna
M
Abeti
Mariana Scollo
MS
Messeri
Andrea
A
D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006403:Hematologic Tests / Q000523:psychology; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D009147:Music Therapy; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D018962:Phlebotomy / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*