Hierarchical models to evaluate translational research: Connecticut collaboration for fall prevention.
OBJECTIVE
Evidence-based second stage translational studies are necessary and difficult to evaluate. A quasi-experimental design is used to compare the rate of fall-related health care utilization of two geographically disparate areas in Connecticut, a small state in the northeastern United States, to evaluate an intervention designed to reduce fall-related injuries among older persons. This evaluation examines the two years immediately prior to intervention.


METHODS
The experimental units are postal (i.e., zip) code tabulation areas (ZCTAs) in which counts of fall-related health care utilization and demographic characteristics can be gathered from local and federal public health sources. We employ hierarchical modeling to determine whether there was a difference in fall-related health care utilization between the study arms prior to initiating the intervention. Geographic information systems are used to characterize neighboring ZCTAs and to graph model-adjusted rates of fall-related utilization.


RESULTS
After adjustment for covariates and spatial variation, we observed no significant difference between rates or temporal trends of fall-related health care utilization in the study arms over the two year pre-intervention period.


CONCLUSIONS
The study arms of the Connecticut Collaboration for Falls Prevention have equivalent rates and temporal trends of fall-related utilization over the two year pre-intervention period.
Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. terrence.murphy@yale.edu
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D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D015984:Causality; D003237:Connecticut / Q000453:epidemiology; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000379:methods; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D017146:Models, Organizational; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors