Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1): new and important roles for biomineralization and phosphate homeostasis.
Previously, non-collagenous matrix proteins, such as DMP1, were viewed with little biological interest. The last decade of research has increased our understanding of DMP1, as it is now widely recognized that this protein is expressed in non-mineralized tissues, as well as in cancerous lesions. Protein chemistry studies have shown that the full length of DMP1, as a precursor, is cleaved into two distinct forms: the C-terminal and N-terminal fragments. Functional studies have demonstrated that DMP1 is essential in the maturation of odontoblasts and osteoblasts, as well as in mineralization via local and systemic mechanisms. The identification of DMP1 mutations in humans has led to the discovery of a novel disease: autosomal-recessive hypophosphatemic rickets. Furthermore, the regulation of phosphate homeostasis by DMP1 through FGF23, a newly identified hormone that is released from bone and targeted in the kidneys, sets a new direction for research that associates biomineralization with phosphate regulation.
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
D'Souza
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Feng
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D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D003810:Dentinogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D053098:Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets / Q000235:genetics*; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
C513309:DMP1 protein, human; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; C000717427:FGF23 protein, human; C000717428:Fgf23 protein, mouse; D010710:Phosphates; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23