Uterosacral ligament suspension sutures: Anatomic relationships in unembalmed female cadavers.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of the study was to characterize anatomic relationships of uterosacral ligament suspension (USLS) sutures.


METHODS
The relationship of USLS sutures to the ureters, rectal lumen, and sidewall neurovascular structures was examined in 15 unembalmed female cadavers.


RESULTS
The mean distance of the proximal sutures to the ureters and rectal lumen was 14 mm (range, 0-33) and 10 mm (range, 0-33), respectively. The mean distance of the distal sutures to the ureters was 14 mm (range, 4-33) and to the rectal lumen 13 mm (range, 3-23). Right sutures were noted at the level of S1 in 37.5%, S2 in 37.5%, and S3 in 25% of specimens. Left sutures were noted at the level of S1 in 50%, S2 in 29.2%, and S3 in 20.8% of cadavers. Of 48 sutures passed, 1 entrapped the S3 nerve. Sutures perforated the pelvic sidewall vessels in 4.1% of specimens.


CONCLUSIONS
USLS sutures can directly injure the ureters, rectum, and neurovascular structures in the pelvic walls.
Wieslander
Cecilia K
CK
Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Roshanravan
Shayzreen M
SM
Wai
Clifford Y
CY
Schaffer
Joseph I
JI
Corton
Marlene M
MM
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000293:injuries; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008022:Ligaments / Q000601:surgery*; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus / Q000293:injuries; D012007:Rectum / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000293:injuries; D012445:Sacrococcygeal Region / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014513:Ureter / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000293:injuries; D014599:Uterus / Q000601:surgery*