Synthesis and characterization of canola oil-stearic acid-based trans-free structured lipids for possible margarine application.
Incorporation of stearic acid into canola oil to produce trans-free structured lipid (SL) as a healthy alternative to partially hydrogenated fats for margarine formulation was investigated. Response surface methodology was used to study the effects of lipozyme RM IM from Rhizomucor miehei and Candida rugosa lipase isoform 1 (LIP1) and two acyl donors, stearic acid and ethyl stearate, on the incorporation. Lipozyme RM IM and ethyl stearate gave the best result. Gram quantities of SLs were synthesized using lipozyme RM IM, and the products were compared to SL made by chemical catalysis and fat from commercial margarines. After short-path distillation, the products were characterized by GC and RPHPLC-MS to obtain fatty acid and triacylglycerol profiles, 13C NMR spectrometry for regiospecific analysis, X-ray diffraction for crystal forms, and DSC for melting profile. Stearic acid was incorporated into canola oil, mainly at the sn-1,3 positions, for the lipase reaction, and no new trans fatty acids formed. Most SL products did not have adequate solid fat content or beta' crystal forms for tub margarine, although these may be suitable for light margarine formulation.
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA.
Stephen E
SE
Lumor
Kerby C
KC
Jones
Rick
R
Ashby
Gary D
GD
Strahan
Byung Hee
BH
Kim
Guan-Chiun
GC
Lee
Jei-Fu
JF
Shaw
Sandra E
SE
Kays
Shu-Wei
SW
Chang
Thomas A
TA
Foglia
Casimir C
CC
Akoh
D002175:Candida / Q000201:enzymology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005524:Food Technology / Q000379:methods; D008049:Lipase / Q000378:metabolism; D008383:Margarine / Q000032:analysis*; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D020103:Rhizomucor / Q000201:enzymology; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis
D005227:Fatty Acids; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D013229:Stearic Acids; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids; D014280:Triglycerides; C031183:stearic acid; D008383:Margarine; C093666:Lipozyme; D008049:Lipase