Drugs as CYP3A probes, inducers, and inhibitors.
Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A subfamily members (mainly CYP3A4 and CYP3A5) mediate the metabolism of approximately half all marketed drugs and thus play a critical role in the drug metabolism. A huge number of studies on CYP3A-mediated drug metabolism in humans have demonstrated that CYP3A activity exhibits marked ethnic and individual variability, in part because of altered levels of CYP3A4 expression by various environmental factors and functionally important polymorphisms present in CYP3A5 gene. Accumulating evidence has revealed that CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 have a significant overlapping in their substrate specificity, inducers and inhibitors. Therefore, it is difficult to define their respective contribution to drug metabolism and drug-drug interactions. Furthermore, P-glycoprotein and CYP3A are frequently co-expressed in the same cells and share a large number of substrates and modulators. The disposition of such drugs is thus affected by both metabolism and transport. In this review, we systematically summarized the frequently used CYP3A probe drugs, inducers and inhibitors, and evaluated their current status in drug development and research.
Liu
Yi-Tong
YT
Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
Hao
Hai-Ping
HP
Liu
Chang-Xiao
CX
Wang
Guang-Ji
GJ
Xie
Hong-Guang
HG
D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013379:Substrate Specificity
D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; C510164:CYP3A5 protein, human; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human