Cytoprotective effects of phenolic antioxidants and essential fatty acids in human blood monocyte and neuroblastoma cell lines: surrogates for neurological damage in vivo.
BACKGROUND
Oxidative stress is implicated in the development of a range of neurological diseases. There is increasing interest in the neuroprotective efficacy of antioxidants in modulating such processes with at least one polyphenolic being tested as a prophylactic in Alzheimer's disease. Beneficial effects of adjunctive n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with combined intakes of vitamin C and E on both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia have been reported. Robust in vitro systems are desirable, enabling a mechanistic investigation of the molecular mechanisms underpinning such effects and identification of further potentially efficacious nutraceuticals.


METHODS
A comparative study employing a human lymphoblastoid cell line derived from a subject with early onset schizophrenia, a neuroblastoma IMR-32 cell line and the histiocytic lymphoma U937 cell line was undertaken. The cytoprotective effects of two phenols in affording protection to cellular DNA from an oxidative challenge were assessed in untreated and fatty acid treated cell lines.


CONCLUSIONS
Marked differences in the uptake of fatty acids by the cell types were found and the IMR-32 cell line was most susceptible to the oxidant challenge. Hydroxytyrosol gave significant cytoprotection in all three-cell lines and this possible neuroprotective efficacy warrants further investigation, both in vitro and in vivo.
Young
Julie
J
School of Pharmacy, The Robert Gordon University, Schoolhill, Aberdeen, UK.
Wahle
Klaus W J
KW
Boyle
Susanne P
SP
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D005228:Fatty Acids, Essential / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D005228:Fatty Acids, Essential; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D016877:Oxidants; D010636:Phenols; C005975:3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol; D014810:Vitamin E; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol; D001205:Ascorbic Acid