Bacterial cellulose as a potential meniscus implant.
Traumatic or degenerative meniscal lesions are a frequent problem. The meniscus cannot regenerate after resection. These lesions often progress and lead to osteoarthritis. Collagen meniscal implants have been used in clinical practice to regenerate meniscal tissue after partial meniscectomy. The mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) gel were compared with a collagen material and the pig meniscus. BC was grown statically in corn steep liquid medium, as described elsewhere. Pig meniscus was harvested from pigs. The collagen implant was packed in sterile conditions until use. The different materials were evaluated under tensile and compression load, using an Instron 5542 with a 500 N load cell. The feasibility for implantation was explored using a pig model. The Young's modulus of bacterial cellulose was measured to be 1 MPa, 100 times less for the collagen material, 0.01 MPa in tensile load. The Young's modulus of bacterial cellulose and meniscus are similar in magnitude under a compression load of 2 kPa and with five times better mechanical properties than the collagen material. At higher compression strain, however, the pig meniscus is clearly stronger. These differences are clearly due to a more ordered and arranged structure of the collagen fibrils in the meniscus. The combination of the facts that BC is inexpensive, can be produced in a meniscus shape, and promotes cell migration makes it an attractive material for consideration as a meniscus implant.
Bodin
Aase
A
Biopolymer Technology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Concaro
Sebastian
S
Brittberg
Mats
M
Gatenholm
Paul
P
D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001698:Biomedical Engineering; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003094:Collagen / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019245:Compressive Strength; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005782:Gels; D008422:Materials Testing; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000601:surgery / Q000637:transplantation; D023421:Models, Animal; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013552:Swine; D013718:Tensile Strength
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005782:Gels; D002482:Cellulose; D003094:Collagen