Pediatric musculoskeletal MRI: basic principles to optimize success.
The purpose of this general review is to suggest practical strategies to optimize musculoskeletal MR imaging in children. The changes related to ossification and marrow transformation affect the MRI appearance during development. This review summarizes the normal appearance of the growing skeleton on various pulse sequences, as well as ways to optimize the imaging parameters. Appropriate patient positioning, choice of field of view and imaging coils are essential. There are various tools including intravenous contrast agent administration, fat suppression and parallel imaging that can enhance the depiction of abnormalities, increase speed of imaging, and improve overall quality of the study. Finally, special considerations for imaging at 3 T are also reviewed.
Jaramillo
Diego
D
Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. Jaramillo@email.chop.edu
Laor
Tal
T
D002648:Child; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D003287:Contrast Media; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D041641:Musculoskeletal Development / Q000502:physiology; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D011187:Posture
D003287:Contrast Media