Association of Type D personality to perceived side effects and adherence in CPAP-treated patients with OSAS.
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the treatment of choice for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), but side effects are common and long-term adherence low. The Type D (distressed) personality is defined as a combination of negative affectivity and social inhibition. The association of Type D personality with adherence has not been studied in CPAP-treated patients with OSAS. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of Type D personality in OSAS patients with CPAP treatment longer than 6 months and the association with self-reported side effects and adherence. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. A total of 247 OSAS patients with a mean use of CPAP treatment for 55 months (6-182 months) were included. Data collection was achieved by two questionnaires; the Type D scale 14 (DS14) (Type D personality), SECI (side effects of CPAP), as well as from medical records (clinical variables and objective adherence to CPAP treatment). Type D personality occurred in 30% of the patients with OSAS and significantly (P < 0.05-0.001) increased the perceived frequency and severity of a broad range of side effects. The objective adherence was significantly lower (P < 0.001) for OSAS patients with Type D compared to OSAS patients without Type D, both with regard to a mean use of 4 h per night and 85% of the self-rated sleep time per night. The additional effect of a Type D personality on perceived side effects and adherence to CPAP treatment found in this study could be used by healthcare personnel when evaluating patients waiting for treatment.
Department of Medicine and Care, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. andbr@imv.liu.se
Anders
A
Broström
Anna
A
Strömberg
Jan
J
Mårtensson
Martin
M
Ulander
Lena
L
Harder
Eva
E
Svanborg
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D002605:Character; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012307:Risk Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D012917:Social Adjustment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires