Coffee consumption and risk of cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction: results from the GISSI (Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico)-Prevenzione trial.
BACKGROUND
The relation between coffee consumption and cardiovascular disease has been studied extensively, but results are still debated. In addition, little evidence is available on patients with established coronary heart disease.


RESULTS
Prospectively ascertained information among 11,231 Italian patients (9584 males and 1647 females) with recent (< or = 3 months) myocardial infarction enrolled in the GISSI (Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico)-Prevenzione trial was used. Usual dietary habits were assessed at baseline and updated at 0.5 and 1.5 years. Coffee consumption was categorized as never/almost never, < 2 cups per day, 2 to 4 cups per day, and > 4 cups per day. Medication use and fasting glucose were assessed at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 years. Risk was evaluated with Cox proportional hazards with time-varying covariates. The main outcome measure was the cumulative incidence of cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal stroke). A total of 1167 cardiovascular events occurred during 36,961 person-years of follow-up. After multivariable adjustment for potential confounders in the time-dependent analysis, the relative risk of cardiovascular events across categories of coffee consumption was 1.02 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.20) for < 2 cups per day, 0.91 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.09) for 2 to 4 cups per day, and 0.88 (95% CI 0.64 to 1.20) for > 4 cups per day compared with abstainers (P for trend=0.18). Ultimately, coffee consumption did not change the risk of coronary heart disease events, stroke, and sudden death.


CONCLUSIONS
No association between moderate coffee intake and cardiovascular events was observed in post-myocardial infarction patients.
Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy.
Maria Giuseppina
MG
Silletta
RosaMaria
R
Marfisi
Giacomo
G
Levantesi
Alessandro
A
Boccanelli
Carmelo
C
Chieffo
MariaGrazia
M
Franzosi
Enrico
E
Geraci
Aldo Pietro
AP
Maggioni
Gianluigi
G
Nicolosi
Carlo
C
Schweiger
Luigi
L
Tavazzi
Gianni
G
Tognoni
Roberto
R
Marchioli
D000368:Aged; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects; D003645:Death, Sudden / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology
D003069:Coffee