Calcineurin sets the bandwidth for discrimination of signals during thymocyte development.
At critical times in development, cells are able to convert graded signals into discrete developmental outcomes; however, the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. During thymocyte development, cell fate is determined by signals originating from the alphabeta T-cell receptor. Low-affinity/avidity interactions between the T-cell receptor and peptide-MHC complexes direct differentiation to the single-positive stage (positive selection), whereas high-affinity/avidity interactions induce death by apoptosis (negative selection). Here we show that mice deficient in both calcineurin and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)c2/c3 lack a population of preselection thymocytes with enhanced ability to activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (Raf-MEK-ERK) pathway, and fail to undergo positive selection. This defect can be partially rescued with constitutively active Raf, indicating that calcineurin controls MAPK signalling. Analysis of mice deficient in both Bim (which is required for negative selection) and calcineurin revealed that calcineurin-induced ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) sensitization is required for differentiation in response to 'weak' positive selecting signals but not in response to 'strong' negative selecting signals (which normally induce apoptosis). These results indicate that early calcineurin/NFAT signalling produces a developmental period of ERK hypersensitivity, allowing very weak signals to induce positive selection. This mechanism might be generally useful in the discrimination of graded signals that induce different cell fates.
Gallo
Elena M
EM
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Winslow
Monte M
MM
Canté-Barrett
Kirsten
K
Radermacher
Amy N
AN
Ho
Lena
L
McGinnis
Lisa
L
Iritani
Brian
B
Neilson
Joel R
JR
Crabtree
Gerald R
GR
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / Q000378:metabolism; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D048490:raf Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; C000606776:Bcl2l11 protein, mouse; D008024:Ligands; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; D048490:raf Kinases; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D019703:Calcineurin