Synergistic cytotoxic effects of tamoxifen and black cohosh on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells: an in vitro study.
Breast cancer cell cultures were exposed to different concentrations of black cohosh, estradiol (E2), and tamoxifen to examine the effect on cell proliferation; cytotoxicity was assessed by using sulforhodamine B (SRB) dye solution. E2 (10(-10) - 10(-8) mol/L) markedly stimulated the proliferation of MCF-7 cells (p < 0.01). Tamoxifen stimulated MCF-7 cell proliferation at 10(-6) mol/L and 10(-5) mol/L (p < 0.005) but inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion the proliferative effect of E2 (p < 0.001). Black cohosh alone did not show any stimulatory effect, but exhibited a cytotoxic effect, which was significant at 10(3) microg/mL (p < 0.001). Adding black cohosh at 10(0)-10(3) microg/mL to E2 at 10(-9) mol/L also resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of E2 proliferative effect. Interestingly, the combination of black cohosh (10(0)-10(3) microg/mL) with increasing tamoxifen concentrations further inhibited MCF-7 cell growth. On MDA-MB-231 cells, neither E2 nor tamoxifen displayed any detectable effect. However, black cohosh inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation at 10(3) microg/mL (p < 0.05), and this inhibitory effect was enhanced by increasing tamoxifen concentrations. This study reveals a cytotoxic effect of black cohosh on both estrogen-sensitive and estrogen-insensitive breast cancer cells and a synergism with tamoxifen for inhibition of cancerous cell growth.
Al-Akoum
Mahéra
M
Centre Ménopause QC (CMQ), Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, CHUQ, 45, rue Leclerc, QC, QC G1L 2G1, Canada.
Dodin
Sylvie
S
Akoum
Ali
A
D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D031885:Cimicifuga; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008517:Phytotherapy; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology*
D013629:Tamoxifen; D004958:Estradiol