Computational toxicology--a state of the science mini review.
Advances in computer sciences and hardware combined with equally significant developments in molecular biology and chemistry are providing toxicology with a powerful new tool box. This tool box of computational models promises to increase the efficiency and the effectiveness by which the hazards and risks of environmental chemicals are determined. Computational toxicology focuses on applying these tools across many scales, including vastly increasing the numbers of chemicals and the types of biological interactions that can be evaluated. In addition, knowledge of toxicity pathways gathered within the tool box will be directly applicable to the study of the biological responses across a range of dose levels, including those more likely to be representative of exposures to the human population. Progress in this field will facilitate the transformative shift called for in the recent report on toxicology in the 21st century by the National Research Council. This review surveys the state of the art in many areas of computational toxicology and points to several hurdles that will be important to overcome as the field moves forward. Proof-of-concept studies need to clearly demonstrate the additional predictive power gained from these tools. More researchers need to become comfortable working with both the data generating tools and the computational modeling capabilities, and regulatory authorities must show a willingness to the embrace new approaches as they gain scientific acceptance. The next few years should witness the early fruits of these efforts, but as the National Research Council indicates, the paradigm shift will take a long term investment and commitment to reach full potential.
National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. kavlock.robert@epa.gov
Robert J
RJ
Kavlock
Gerald
G
Ankley
Jerry
J
Blancato
Michael
M
Breen
Rory
R
Conolly
David
D
Dix
Keith
K
Houck
Elaine
E
Hubal
Richard
R
Judson
James
J
Rabinowitz
Ann
A
Richard
R Woodrow
RW
Setzer
Imran
I
Shah
Daniel
D
Villeneuve
Eric
E
Weber
D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015195:Drug Design; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D023281:Genomics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D021281:Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; D014116:Toxicology
D004785:Environmental Pollutants