Influence of motorization and supermarket-proliferation on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the inhabitants of a small town on Okinawa, Japan.
BACKGROUND
Motorization and supermarket-proliferation affect lifestyles. About 15 years ago, Okinawans went to several shops on foot, but now they go to supermarkets by car. The influences of these changes on the prevalence of diabetes are uncertain. OBJECTIVE AND MEASUREMENTS: The influence of motorization and supermarket-proliferation on the prevalence of diabetes was studied in the inhabitants of a town on Okinawa, Japan. Measurements were composed of anthropometry and blood chemistry. Participants were asked where they buy food and daily necessities (several shops or a supermarket) and how they get there (by car or on foot).


METHODS
Serial cross-sectional.


METHODS
Inhabitants of the island of Okinawa were studied.


RESULTS
In 1991, 24% went to several shops and 20% to a supermarket. However, in 2004, only 3.1% went to several shops and 83% to a supermarket. In 1991, 55% went to shopping places on foot and 38% by car. However, in 2004, only 14% went on foot and 76% by car. The prevalence of diabetes in Okinawa increased from 4.7% in 1991 to 8.4% in 2004. The prevalence of diabetes correlated positively with the percent of inhabitants going to supermarkets, and those going there by car. In 1991, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 4.7% in men and 4.6% in women; no difference was noted between men and women. In 2004, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes increased to 9.2% in men and to 7.5% in women. The increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes from 1991 to 2004 was higher in men than in women.


CONCLUSIONS
About 15 years ago, Okinawans went to shops on foot, but now they go to supermarkets by car. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing. Motorization and supermarket-proliferation are associated with the increases of the prevalence of diabetes. The increase in diabetes prevalence was higher in men than in women.
Takasu
Nobuyuki
N
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of the Ryukyus. takasun@med.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
Yogi
Hiroyuki
H
Takara
Masaki
M
Higa
Moritake
M
Kouki
Tsuyoshi
T
Ohshiro
Yuzuru
Y
Mimura
Goro
G
Komiya
Ichiro
I
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001336:Automobiles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D019649:Food Industry; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence
D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin