Biologically active components and nutraceuticals in the Monascus-fermented rice: a review.
Monascus-fermented rice has traditionally been used as a natural food colorant and food preservative of meat and fish for centuries. It has recently become a popular dietary supplement because of many of its bioactive constituents being discovered, including a series of active drug compounds, monacolins, indicated as the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors for reducing serum cholesterol level. The controversy of its safety has been provoked because a mycotoxin, citrinin, is also produced along with the Monascus secondary metabolites by certain strains or under certain cultivation conditions. This review introduces the basic production process and addresses on the compounds with bioactive functions. Current advances in avoiding the harmful ingredient citrinin are also discussed.
Lin
Yii-Lih
YL
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, no. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
Wang
Teng-Hsu
TH
Lee
Min-Hsiung
MH
Su
Nan-Wei
NW
D002953:Citrinin / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D032741:Monascus / Q000378:metabolism*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification
D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D002953:Citrinin; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid