Contributions of microorganisms to industrial biology.
Life on earth is not possible without microorganisms. Microbes have contributed to industrial science for over 100 years. They have given us diversity in enzymatic content and metabolic pathways. The advent of recombinant DNA brought many changes to industrial microbiology. New expression systems have been developed, biosynthetic pathways have been modified by metabolic engineering to give new metabolites, and directed evolution has provided enzymes with modified selectability, improved catalytic activity and stability. More and more genomes of industrial microorganisms are being sequenced giving valuable information about the genetic and enzymatic makeup of these valuable forms of life. Major tools such as functional genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are being exploited for the discovery of new valuable small molecules for medicine and enzymes for catalysis.
Demain
Arnold L
AL
Research Institute for Scientists Emeriti (R.I.S.E.), Drew University, Madison, NJ 07940, USA. ademain@drew.edu
Adrio
Jose L
JL
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D001702:Biopharmaceutics; D001709:Biotechnology; D001711:Biotransformation; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D015202:Protein Engineering; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014815:Vitamins / Q000096:biosynthesis
D000596:Amino Acids; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004798:Enzymes; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007306:Insecticides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014815:Vitamins