Presynaptic neurotoxins with enzymatic activities.
Toxins that alter neurotransmitter release from nerve terminals are of considerable scientific and clinical importance. Many advances were recently made in the understanding of their molecular mechanisms of action and use in human therapy. Here, we focus on presynaptic neurotoxins, which are very potent inhibitors of the neurotransmitter release because they are endowed with specific enzymatic activities: (1) clostridial neurotoxins with a metallo-proteolytic activity and (2) snake presynaptic neurotoxins with a phospholipase A2 activity.
Departimento de Scienze Biomediche and Istituto CNR di Neuroscienze, Universita di Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy.
Ornella
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Rossetto
Cesare
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Montecucco
D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D003013:Clostridium / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D064801:Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors; D017661:Receptors, Presynaptic / Q000187:drug effects*; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D009498:Neurotoxins; D064801:Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors; D017661:Receptors, Presynaptic; D012910:Snake Venoms; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A