Proposal of Viridibacillus gen. nov. and reclassification of Bacillus arvi, Bacillus arenosi and Bacillus neidei as Viridibacillus arvi gen. nov., comb. nov., Viridibacillus arenosi comb. nov. and Viridibacillus neidei comb. nov.
A polyphasic study was undertaken to clarify the taxonomic position of endospore-forming strains 433-D9, 433-E17 and 121-X1. BOX-PCR-generated fingerprints indicated that they may be members of a single species. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity demonstrated that a representative of this group, 433-D9, is affiliated closely with Bacillus arvi DSM 16317(T) (100 %), Bacillus arenosi DSM 16319(T) (99.8 %) and Bacillus neidei NRRL BD-87(T) (97.1 %). Sequence similarities revealed Bacillus pycnus NRRL NRS-1691(T) and several Kurthia species as the next nearest relatives. DNA-DNA hybridization results showed that strain 433-D9 is a member of B. arvi. Detection of l-Lys-d-Asp-based peptidoglycan in strain 433-D9, B. arvi DSM 16317(T) and B. arenosi DSM 16319(T) was in agreement with their close relationship, but differentiated these strains from B. neidei NRRL BD-87(T) and B. pycnus NRRL NRS-1691(T), for which l-Lys-d-Glu was reported. A similar quinone system was detected in strains 433-D9, 433-E17, 121-X1, B. arvi DSM 16317(T), B. arenosi DSM 16319(T) and B. neidei NRRL BD-87(T). This system, unusual for bacilli, consisted of the major compound menaquinone MK-8 (69-80 %) and moderate amounts of MK-7 (19-30 %). This observation was in contrast to the predominance of MK-7 of the closest relative B. pycnus NRRL NRS-1691(T), as also reported for representatives of the closely related non-endospore-forming genus Kurthia. Strains 433-D9, B. arvi DSM 16317(T) and B. arenosi DSM 16319(T) exhibited homogeneous and discriminative polar lipid profiles and fatty acid profiles consisting of major acids i-C(15 : 0) and ai-C(15 : 0) and moderate amounts of i-C(17 : 1)omega10c and i-C(17 : 1) I/ai-C(17 : 1) B that discriminated them from closely related strains such as B. neidei NRRL BD-87(T). On the basis of clear-cut discriminative chemotaxonomic markers, we propose strains 433-D9, 433-E17 and 121-X1, B. arvi DSM 16317(T), B. arenosi DSM 16319(T) and B. neidei NRRL BD-87(T) to be reclassified within a separate genus. For this new taxon, we propose the name Viridibacillus gen. nov., and we propose the reclassification of Bacillus arvi, Bacillus arenosi and Bacillus neidei as Viridibacillus arvi gen. nov., comb. nov. (the type species of Viridibacillus, with the type strain DSM 16317(T) =LMG 22165(T)), Viridibacillus arenosi comb. nov. (type strain DSM 16319(T) =LMG 22166(T)) and Viridibacillus neidei comb. nov. (type strain NRRL BD-87(T) =DSM 15031(T) =JCM 11077(T)).
Albert
Richard A
RA
Semco BioScience, 630 East Keefe, Milwaukee, WI 53212, USA.
Archambault
Julieta
J
Semco BioScience, 630 East Keefe, Milwaukee, WI 53212, USA.
Lempa
Melissa
M
Semco BioScience, 630 East Keefe, Milwaukee, WI 53212, USA.
Hurst
Beth
B
Semco BioScience, 630 East Keefe, Milwaukee, WI 53212, USA.
Richardson
Christine
C
Semco BioScience, 630 East Keefe, Milwaukee, WI 53212, USA.
Gruenloh
Stephanie
S
Medical College, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.|Semco BioScience, 630 East Keefe, Milwaukee, WI 53212, USA.
Duran
Metin
M
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA.
Worliczek
Hanna Lucia
HL
Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykrologie und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
Huber
Birgit E
BE
Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykrologie und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
Rosselló-Mora
Ramon
R
Grup de Microbiologia Marina, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, E-07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Spain.
Schumann
Peter
P
DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
Busse
Hans-Jürgen
HJ
Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykrologie und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D016936:Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000032:analysis; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis; D010802:Phylogeny; D011809:Quinones / Q000032:analysis; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D010743:Phospholipids; D011809:Quinones; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S