The TbMTr1 spliced leader RNA cap 1 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase from Trypanosoma brucei acts with substrate specificity.
In metazoa cap 1 (m(7)GpppNmp-RNA) is linked to higher levels of translation; however, the enzyme responsible remains unidentified. We have validated the first eukaryotic encoded cap 1 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase, TbMTr1, a member of a conserved family that modifies the first transcribed nucleotide of spliced leader and U1 small nuclear RNAs in the kinetoplastid protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. In addition to cap 0 (m(7)GpppNp-RNA), mRNA in these parasites has ribose methylations on the first four nucleotides with base methylations on the first and fourth (m(7)Gpppm(6,6)AmpAmpCmpm(3)Ump-SL RNA) conveyed via trans-splicing of a universal spliced leader. The function of this cap 4 is unclear. Spliced leader is the majority RNA polymerase II transcript; the RNA polymerase III-transcribed U1 small nuclear RNA has the same first four nucleotides as spliced leader, but it receives an m(2,2,7)G cap with hypermethylation at position one only (m(2,2,7)Gpppm(6,6)AmpApCpUp-U1 snRNA). Here we examine the biochemical properties of recombinant TbMTr1. Active over a pH range of 6.0 to 9.5, TbMTr1 is sensitive to Mg(2+). Positions Lys(95)-Asp(204)-Lys(259)-Glu(285) constitute the conserved catalytic core. A guanosine cap on RNA independent of its N(7) methylation status is required for substrate recognition, but an m(2,2,7G)-cap is not recognized. TbMTr1 favors the spliced leader 5' sequence, as reflected by a preference for A at position 1 and modulation of activity for substrates with base changes at positions 2 and 3. With similarities to human cap 1 methyltransferase activity, TbMTr1 is an excellent model for higher eukaryotic cap 1 methyltransferases and the consequences of cap 1 modification.
Mittra
Bidyottam
B
Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.
Zamudio
Jesse R
JR
Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.
Bujnicki
Janusz M
JM
Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Protein Engineering, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ul. ks. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
Stepinski
Janusz
J
Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsaw University, 93 Zwirki and Wigury St., 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
Darzynkiewicz
Edward
E
Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsaw University, 93 Zwirki and Wigury St., 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
Campbell
David A
DA
Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095. Electronic address: dc@ucla.edu.
Sturm
Nancy R
NR
Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D012315:RNA Caps; D012326:RNA Splicing; D016053:RNA, Protozoan; D012342:RNA, Small Nuclear / Q000235:genetics*; D020038:RNA, Spliced Leader; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D020040:Trans-Splicing; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000235:genetics*
D009711:Nucleotides; D012315:RNA Caps; D016053:RNA, Protozoan; D012342:RNA, Small Nuclear; D020038:RNA, Spliced Leader; C405483:U1 small nuclear RNA; D008780:Methyltransferases; C052744:RNA 2'-O-methyltransferase