Prompt and sustained response of a steroid-refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia to a rituximab-based therapy in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient.
BACKGROUND
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare and potentially life-threatening event which may complicate the course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) at any time and steroid-refractory AIHA of CLL poses a therapeutic challenge for physicians. Here, we report the safety and efficacy of a rituximab-containing regimen in a CLL patient with steroid- and IVIg-refractory AIHA.


METHODS
A 57-year- old man affected by CLL, presented with fatigue, dyspnoea, tachycardia and jaundice. His physical examination revealed overt jaundice, hepato- and splenomegaly, and enlargement of lymph nodes in all superficial sites. The blood chemistry showed severe anemia (Hb value 3.9 g/dL), high white blood cell count (89 x 10(9)/L), altered hemolysis markers and direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was positive for both complement and IgG. The patient failed to respond to both a 4-day course of high-dose dexamethasone IV (40 mg/day) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) (1 g/kg/day x 2 days). Thus, a schedule containing rituximab (375 mg/m(2) day +1), cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m(2) day +2) and prednisone (60 mg/m(2) from day +1 to day +7) (R-CP) were administered. Four cycles, repeated every 4 weeks, were administered. After 4 days from the infusion of this schedule, the patient showed a marked reduction of the lymphocytosis, and the hemoglobin level started to increase. No rituximab-related side effects were recorded. At the end of treatment DAT became negative and patient achieved a nodular Partial Remission (nPR).


CONCLUSIONS
Our data showed the safety and efficacy of a rituximab-containing regimen in a life-threatening CLL-related AIHA, refractory to steroid and IVIg therapy. This schedule has allowed the patient to obtain a prompt and dramatic rise in hemoglobin level and a response to both AIHA and CLL.
Gentile
Massimo
M
Hematology Unit, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Azienda Ospedaliera di Cosenza, Via Migliori, 87100, Cosenza, Italy. massim.gentile@tiscali.it
Lucia
Eugenio
E
Iorio
Caterina
C
Vigna
Ernesto
E
Mazzone
Carla
C
Morelli
Rosellina
R
Bisconte
Maria Grazia
MG
Gentile
Carlo
C
Morabito
Fortunato
F
D000744:Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069283:Rituximab; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D000069283:Rituximab