Mental health and quality of residential environment.
BACKGROUND
There is increasing interest in the proposition that residential environment can affect mental health.


OBJECTIVE
To study the degree to which common mental disorder clusters according to postcode units and households. To investigate whether contextual measures of residential environment quality and geographical accessibility are associated with symptoms of common mental disorder.


METHODS
A total of 1058 individuals aged 16-75 years (response rate 66%) participated in a cross-sectional survey. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire measured symptoms of common mental disorder.


RESULTS
Only 2% (95% CI 0-6) of the unexplained variation in symptoms existed at postcode unit level, whereas 37% (95% CI 27-49) existed at household-level, but the postcode unit variation was reduced to zero after adjustments. There was little evidence to suggest that residential quality or accessibility were associated with symptoms.


CONCLUSIONS
There was substantial unexplained variation at the household level but we could find no evidence of postcode unit variation and no association with residential environmental quality or geographical accessibility. It is likely that the psychosocial environment is more important than the physical environment in relation to common mental disorder.
Division of Psychiatry, University of Bristol, Cotham House, Cotham Hill, Bristol BS6 6JL, UK.
Hollie
H
Thomas
Nikki
N
Weaver
Joanne
J
Patterson
Phil
P
Jones
Truda
T
Bell
Rebecca
R
Playle
Frank
F
Dunstan
Stephen
S
Palmer
Glyn
G
Lewis
Ricardo
R
Araya
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000592:standards; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D011610:Psychosocial Deprivation; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires