MOS1 osmosensor of Metarhizium anisopliae is required for adaptation to insect host hemolymph.
Entomopathogenic fungi such as Metarhizium anisopliae infect insects by direct penetration of the cuticle, after which the fungus adapts to the high osmotic pressure of the hemolymph and multiplies. Here we characterize the M. anisopliae Mos1 gene and demonstrate that it encodes the osmosensor required for this process. MOS1 contains transmembrane regions and a C-terminal Src homology 3 domain similar to those of yeast osmotic adaptor proteins, and homologs of MOS1 are widely distributed in the fungal kingdom. Reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated that Mos1 is up-regulated in insect hemolymph as well as artificial media with high osmotic pressure. Transformants containing an antisense vector directed to the Mos1 mRNA depleted transcript levels by 80%. This produced selective alterations in regulation of genes involved in hyphal body formation, cell membrane stiffness, and generation of intracellular turgor pressure, suggesting that these processes are mediated by MOS1. Consistent with a role in stress responses, transcript depletion of Mos1 increased sensitivity to osmotic and oxidative stresses and to compounds that interfere with cell wall biosynthesis. It also disrupted developmental processes, including formation of appressoria and hyphal bodies. Insect bioassays confirmed that Mos1 knockdown significantly reduces virulence. Overall, our data show that M. anisopliae MOS1 mediates cellular responses to high osmotic pressure and subsequent adaptations to colonize host hemolymph.
Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China. cswang@sibs.ac.cn
Chengshu
C
Wang
Zhibing
Z
Duan
Raymond J
RJ
St Leger
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D016258:Genes, mos / Q000502:physiology*; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D018402:Manduca / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology; D052981:Metarhizium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010802:Phylogeny; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014774:Virulence / Q000502:physiology
D005656:Fungal Proteins