Prognosis of uterine corpus cancer after tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer.
Tamoxifen increases the risk of uterine corpus cancer. Since only few, mostly small, studies have examined prognosis of uterine corpus cancer following tamoxifen, we conducted a large retrospective cohort study to further investigate this. We examined histopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of 332 patients with uterine corpus cancer following breast cancer, according to tamoxifen use. Survival was examined in the same patients combined with 309 patients from a previous study with updated follow-up. Histological review of all cancers was performed. Long-term tamoxifen users showed a higher proportion of non-endometrioid tumors than non-users (32.7% vs. 17.4%, P=0.004), especially serous adenocarcinomas and carcinosarcomas. An increased proportion of FIGO stage III and IV tumors was also observed (20.0% vs. 11.3%, P=0.049). Within FIGO stage I, both short-term and long-term tamoxifen users showed a higher proportion of tumors limited to the endometrium than non-users (35.7% vs. 22.9%, P=0.049 and 0.004 respectively). Uterine corpus cancers in long-term tamoxifen users were more often steroid receptor-negative (ERalpha, PRA and PRB, P<0.05) and P53-positive (P=0.015). Three-year uterine corpus cancer-specific survival was worse for long-term tamoxifen users than for non-users (82% vs. 93% P=0.0001). The survival difference remained after adjustment for histopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics (hazard ratio (HR) for >or=2 years tamoxifen=2.4; 95% CI=1.2-4.6). In conclusion, this large study clearly shows that tamoxifen-associated tumors have less favorable histological features and a worse survival. Our results can be applied when weighing risks and benefits of tamoxifen versus other hormonal agents used in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
Department of Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Wilhelmina E
WE
Hoogendoorn
Harry
H
Hollema
Hester H
HH
van Boven
Elisabeth
E
Bergman
Geri
G
de Leeuw-Mantel
Inge
I
Platteel
Renske
R
Fles
Petra M
PM
Nederlof
Marian J E
MJ
Mourits
Flora E
FE
van Leeuwen
D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018284:Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D015996:Survival Rate; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality
D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D013629:Tamoxifen