Identification of mesenchymal stem cells in aorta-gonad-mesonephros and yolk sac of human embryos.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can generate various microenvironment components in bone marrow, ensuring a precise control over self-renewal and multilineage differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. Nevertheless, their spatiotemporal correlation with embryonic hematopoiesis remains rudimentary, particularly in relation to the human being. Here, we reported that human aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) resided with bona fide MSCs. They were highly proliferative as fibroblastoid population bearing uniform surface markers (CD45(-), CD34(-), CD105(+), CD73(+), CD29(+), and CD44(+)), expressed pluripotential molecules Oct-4 and Nanog, and clonally demonstrated trilineage differentiation capacity (osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes). The frequency and absolute number of MSCs in aorta plus surrounding mesenchyme (E26-E27) were 0.3% and 164, respectively. Moreover, they were functionally equivalent to MSCs from adult bone marrow, that is, supporting long-term hematopoiesis and suppressing T-lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. In comparison, the matching yolk sac contained bipotent mesenchymal precursors that propagated more slowly and failed to generate chondrocytes in vitro. Together with previous knowledge, we propose that a proportion of MSCs initially develop in human AGM prior to their emergence in embryonic circulation and fetal liver.
Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Xiao-Yan
XY
Wang
Yu
Y
Lan
Wen-Yan
WY
He
Lei
L
Zhang
Hui-Yu
HY
Yao
Chun-Mei
CM
Hou
Ying
Y
Tong
Yuan-Lin
YL
Liu
Guan
G
Yang
Xiao-Dan
XD
Liu
Xiao
X
Yang
Bing
B
Liu
Ning
N
Mao
D000028:Abortion, Induced; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002999:Clone Cells; D004210:Dissection; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008650:Mesonephros / Q000166:cytology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015017:Yolk Sac / Q000166:cytology*
D015703:Antigens, CD