Determination of organophosphorous pesticides in wastewater samples using binary-solvent liquid-phase microextraction and solid-phase microextraction: a comparative study.
A simple and efficient binary solvent-based two-phase hollow fiber membrane (HFM)-protected liquid-phase microextraction (BN-LPME) technique for moderately polar compounds was developed. Six organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) (triethylphosphorothioate, thionazin, sulfotep, phorate, disulfoton, methyl parathion and ethyl parathion) were used as model compounds and extracted from 10-mL wastewater with a binary-solvent (toluene:hexane, 1:1) mixture. Some important extraction parameters, such as extraction time, effect of salt, sample pH and solvent ratio composition were optimized. BN-LPME combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis provided repeatability (R.S.D.s < or = 12%, n = 4), and linearity (r < or = 0.994) and solid-phase microextraction provides comparable of R.S.D.s < or = 13%, n = 4 and linearity (r < or = 0.966) for spiked water samples. The limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.3-11.4 ng L(-1) for BN-LPME and 3.1-120.5 ng L(-1) for SPME at (S/N = 3) under GC/MS selective ion monitoring mode. In addition to high enrichment, BN-LPME also served as a sample cleanup procedure, with the HFM act as a filtering medium to prevent large particles and extraneous materials from being extracted. To investigate and compare their applicability, the BN-LPME and SPME procedures were applied to the detection of OPPs in domestic wastewater samples.
Basheer
Chanbasha
C
Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Republic of Singapore 117543.
Alnedhary
Anass Ali
AA
Rao
B S Madhava
BS
Lee
Hian Kee
HK
D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D004222:Disulfoton / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis; D008743:Methyl Parathion / Q000032:analysis; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D063086:Organothiophosphates / Q000032:analysis; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D010278:Parathion / Q000032:analysis; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D010702:Phorate / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification
D006540:Herbicides; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D063086:Organothiophosphates; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C019119:O,O,S-triethyl phosphorothioate; C005896:thionazin; D004222:Disulfoton; D010702:Phorate; D008743:Methyl Parathion; D010278:Parathion; C009359:sulfotepp