Auditory-visual integration for speech by children with and without specific language impairment.
OBJECTIVE
It has long been known that children with specific language impairment (SLI) can demonstrate difficulty with auditory speech perception. However, speech perception can also involve the integration of both auditory and visual articulatory information.


METHODS
Fifty-six preschool children, half with and half without SLI, were studied in order to examine auditory-visual integration. Children watched and listened to video clips of a woman speaking [bi] and [gi]. They also listened to audio clips of [bi], [di], and [gi], produced by the same woman. The effect of visual input on speech perception was tested by presenting an auditory [bi] combined with a visually articulated [gi], which tends to alter the phoneme percept (the McGurk effect).


RESULTS
Both groups of children performed at ceiling when asked to identify speech tokens in auditory-only and congruent auditory-visual modalities. In the incongruent auditory-visual condition, a stronger McGurk effect was found for the normal language group compared with the children with SLI.


CONCLUSIONS
Responses by the children with SLI indicated less impact of visual processing on speech perception than was seen with their normal peers. These results demonstrate that the difficulties with speech perception by SLI children extend beyond the auditory-only modality to include auditory-visual processing as well.
Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210071, 1131 East 2nd Street, Tucson, AZ 85721-0071, USA. norrix@email.arizona.edu
Linda W
LW
Norrix
Elena
E
Plante
Rebecca
R
Vance
Carol A
CA
Boliek
D001307:Auditory Perception; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013067:Speech Perception; D014796:Visual Perception