Diagnostic and prognostic relevance of neuromuscular biopsy in primary Sjögren's syndrome-related neuropathy.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the clinicobiologic presentation in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS)-related peripheral neuropathy, the histologic results of neuromuscular biopsy (NMB), and clinical outcome, and to identify prognostic factors.


METHODS
We retrospectively studied clinical and biologic presentation of 40 patients with primary SS-related neuropathy who underwent NMB. Prognostic factors of clinical outcome were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis.


RESULTS
Patients with vasculitis (lymphocytic [n = 8] or necrotizing [n = 14]) had a higher prevalence of acute-onset neuropathy, multiple mononeuropathy, sensorimotor involvement, vascular purpura, general symptoms, increased C-reactive protein level, positivity for rheumatoid factor, hypocomplementemia, and monoclonal gammopathy compared with those without vasculitis (n = 18). Comparison between patients with necrotizing or lymphocytic vasculitis did not reveal significant differences in clinical or biologic presentation except for the presence of general symptoms and rheumatoid factor. Regarding clinical evolution, the results of NMB (P < 0.0001), in particular the presence of necrotizing vasculitis (P < 0.001), an acute neuropathy onset (P < 0.0001), general symptoms (P < 0.0001), multiple mononeuropathy (P = 0.0007), presence of sensorimotor involvement (P = 0.002), and increased C-reactive protein level (P = 0.008), were significantly associated with a better outcome in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, NMB resulting in the identification of patients with necrotizing vasculitis was the only variable that remained significantly associated with a better outcome (P = 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
NMB is necessary to identify patients with necrotizing vasculitis, who have a better response to immunosuppressive therapy. NMB might therefore have both a diagnostic and prognostic relevance in primary SS-related neuropathy.
Terrier
Benjamin
B
Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
Lacroix
Catherine
C
Guillevin
Loïc
L
Hatron
Pierre-Yves
PY
Dhote
Robin
R
Maillot
François
F
Diot
Elisabeth
E
Sarrot-Reynauld
Françoise
F
Sordet
Christelle
C
Dubourg
Odile
O
Meyer
Laurence
L
Mariette
Xavier
X
Gottenberg
Jacques-Eric
JE
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology*; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D013497:Sural Nerve / Q000473:pathology*; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D002097:C-Reactive Protein