[Pathology and diagnostic opportunities of lower limb compartment syndrome].
BACKGROUND
The indication for the surgical treatment of lower limb compartment syndrome mostly depends on the clinical signs, which can be uncertain and often delayed, resulting in a late and insufficient intervention.


OBJECTIVE
In this study, the progression of compartment syndrome was monitored with the measurement of intracompartmental pressure and tissue oxygen saturation.


METHODS
16 patients (12 male and 4 female; mean age: 62,7 years) underwent acute lower limb revascularization surgery due to critical (more than 4 hour) limb ischaemia. The indications were the following: 5 iliac artery embolisms and 11 femoral artery occlusions. After revascularization, significant lower limb oedema and swelling were detected. To monitor the elevated intracompartmental pressure (ICP), KODIAG pressure meter was used. Tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) was measured with near-infrared-spectroscopy.


RESULTS
In 12 cases the IPC exceeded the critical 40 mmHg. In these patients, StO2 was 50-53%, in spite of the successful re-canalisation. An urgent, semi-open fasciotomy was performed in these cases. In four patients, the clinical picture suggested compartment syndrome. However, the measured parameters did not indicate surgical intervention (ICP: 25-35 mmHg, StO2: normal).


CONCLUSIONS
In addition to the empirical guidelines, we describe an evidence based surgical intervention strategy for lower limb compartment syndrome. Our results and advised parameter intervals help the clinicians to decide between conservative and operative treatment of the disease.
Arató
Endre
E
Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Altalános Orvostudományi Kar, Sebészeti Tanszék, 7623 Pécs. aratoendre@freemail.hu
Kürthy
Mária
M
Jancsó
Gábor
G
Sínay
László
L
Kasza
Gábor
G
Menyhei
Gábor
G
Masoud
Shafiei
S
Varga
Zoltán
Z
Bertalan
Andrea
A
Verzár
Zsófia
Z
Kollár
Lajos
L
Roth
Erzsébet
E
D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000868:Anterior Compartment Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004617:Embolism / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D016896:Treatment Outcome