On board short-time high temperature heat treatment of ballast water: a field trial under operational conditions.
A ballast water short-time high temperature heat treatment technique was applied on board a car-carrier during a voyage from Egypt to Belgium. Ballast water from three tanks was subjected for a few seconds to temperatures ranging from 55 degrees C to 80 degrees C. The water was heated using the vessel's heat exchanger steam and a second heat exchanger was used to pre-heat and cool down the water. The treatment was effective at causing mortality of bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) standard was not agreed before this study was carried out, but comparing our results gives a broad indication that the IMO standard would have been met in some of the tests for the zooplankton, in all the tests for the phytoplankton; and probably on most occasions for the bacteria. Passing the water through the pump increased the kill rate but increasing the temperature above 55 degrees C did not improve the heat treatment's efficacy.
Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Marine Science and Technology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Cullercoats NE30 4PZ, UK. quilez-badiag@si.edu
Gemma
G
Quilez-Badia
Tracy
T
McCollin
Kjell D
KD
Josefsen
Anthony
A
Vourdachas
Margaret E
ME
Gill
Ehsan
E
Mesbahi
Chris L J
CL
Frid
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D006358:Hot Temperature; D010839:Phytoplankton / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology; D012767:Ships; D013997:Time Factors; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014871:Water Microbiology; D015048:Zooplankton / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*