Granulosicoccaceae fam. nov., to include Granulosicoccus antarcticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a non-phototrophic, obligately aerobic chemoheterotroph in the order Chromatiales, isolated from Antarctic seawater.
A Gram-negative, motile by tuft flagella, obligately aerobic chemoorganoheterotrophic, sphere-form bacterium, designated IMCC3135(T), was isolated from the Antarctic surface seawater of King George Island, West Antarctica. The strain was mesophilic, neutrophilic, and requiring NaCl for growth, but neither halophilic nor halotolerant. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the strain was most closely related to genera of the order Chromatiales in the class Gammaproteobacteria. The most closely related genera showed less than 90% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and included Thioalkalispira (89.9%), Thioalkalivibrio (88.0%-89.5%), Ectothiorhodospira (87.9%-89.3%), Chromatium (88.3%-88.9%), and Lamprocystis (87.7%-88.9%), which represent three different families of the order Chromatiales. Phylogenetic analyses showed that this Antarctic strain represented a distinct phylogenetic lineage in the order Chromatiales and could not be assigned to any of the defined families in the order. Phenotypic characteristics, including primarily non-phototrophic, non-alkaliphilic, non-halophilic, and obligately aerobic chemoheterotrophic properties, differentiated the strain from other related genera. The very low sequence similarities (<90%) and distant relationships between the strain and members of the order suggested that the strain merited classification as a novel genus within a novel family in the order Chromatiales. On the basis of these taxonomic traits, a novel genus and species is proposed, Granulosicoccus antarcticus gen. nov., sp. nov., in a new family Granulosicoccaceae fam. nov. Strain IMCC3135(T) (=KCCM 42676(T)=NBRC 102684(T)) is the type strain of Granulosicoccus antarcticus.
Lee
Kiyoung
K
Division of Biology and Ocean Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea.
Lee
Hong Kum
HK
Choi
Tae-Hwan
TH
Kim
Kyung-Mi
KM
Cho
Jang-Cheon
JC
D000864:Antarctic Regions; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D020563:Gammaproteobacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism
D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012965:Sodium Chloride