Intra-operative 3D guidance in prostate brachytherapy using a non-isocentric C-arm.
Intra-operative guidance in Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate brachytherapy requires localization of inserted radioactive seeds relative to the prostate. Seeds were reconstructed using a typical C-arm, and exported to a commercial brachytherapy system for dosimetry analysis. Technical obstacles for 3D reconstruction on a non-isocentric C-arm included pose-dependent C-arm calibration; distortion correction; pose estimation of C-arm images; seed reconstruction; and C-arm to TRUS registration. In precision-machined hard phantoms with 40-100 seeds, we correctly reconstructed 99.8% seeds with a mean 3D accuracy of 0.68 mm. In soft tissue phantoms with 45-87 seeds and clinically realistic 15 degrees C-arm motion, we correctly reconstructed 100% seeds with an accuracy of 1.3 mm. The reconstructed 3D seed positions were then registered to the prostate segmented from TRUS. In a Phase-1 clinical trial, so far on 4 patients with 66-84 seeds, we achieved intra-operative monitoring of seed distribution and dosimetry. We optimized the 100% prescribed iso-dose contour by inserting an average of 3.75 additional seeds, making intra-operative dosimetry possible on a typical C-arm, at negligible additional cost to the existing clinical installation.
Jain
A
A
Johns Hopkins University, USA.
Deguet
A
A
Iordachita
I
I
Chintalapani
G
G
Blevins
J
J
Le
Y
Y
Armour
E
E
Burdette
C
C
Song
D
D
Fichtinger
G
G
D000465:Algorithms; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011881:Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods