Oxidative stress and the JNK pathway are involved in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Failure of pancreatic beta-cells is the common characteristic of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is induced by destruction of pancreatic beta-cells which is mediated by an autoimmune mechanism and consequent inflammatory process. Various inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress are produced during this process, which has been proposed to play an important role in mediating beta-cell destruction. The JNK pathway is also activated by such cytokines and oxidative stress, and is involved in beta-cell destruction. Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent and serious metabolic disease, and beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are the hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Under diabetic conditions, chronic hyperglycemia gradually deteriorates beta-cell function and aggravates insulin resistance. This process is called "glucose toxicity". Under such conditions, oxidative stress is provoked and the JNK pathway is activated, which is likely involved in pancreatic beta-cells dysfunction and insulin resistance. In addition, oxidative stress and activation of the JNK pathway are also involved in the progression of atherosclerosis which is often observed under diabetic conditions. Taken together, it is likely that oxidative stress and subsequent activation of the JNK pathway are involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Kaneto
Hideaki
H
Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. kaneto@medone.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
Matsuoka
Taka-aki
TA
Katakami
Naoto
N
Kawamori
Dan
D
Miyatsuka
Takeshi
T
Yoshiuchi
Kazutomi
K
Yasuda
Tetsuyuki
T
Sakamoto
Ken'ya
K
Yamasaki
Yoshimitsu
Y
Matsuhisa
Munehide
M
D000818:Animals; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*
D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases