Examining action effects in the execution of a skilled soccer kick by using erroneous feedback.
The authors examined the role of action effects (i.e., ball trajectory) during the performance of a soccer kick. Participants were 20 expert players who kicked a ball over a height barrier toward a ground-level target. The authors occluded participants' vision of the ball trajectory after foot-to-ball contact. Participants in a 1st group received erroneous feedback from a video that showed a ball-trajectory apex approximately 75 cm lower than that of their actual kick, although the ball's landing position was unaltered. Participants in a 2nd group received correct video feedback of both the ball trajectory and the landing position. The erroneous-feedback group showed a significant bias toward higher ball trajectories than did the correct-feedback group. The authors conclude that performers at high levels of skill use the visual consequences of the action to plan and execute an action.
Ford
Paul
P
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, England. p.ford@ljmu.ac.uk
Hodges
Nicola J
NJ
Williams
A Mark
AM
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001245:Association Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002755:Choice Behavior; D030141:Feedback, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D012016:Reference Values; D012916:Soccer; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology