Characteristics of urologists predict the use of androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer.
OBJECTIVE
We previously have reported wide variations among urologists in the use of androgen deprivation for prostate cancer. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked database, we examined how individual urologist characteristics influenced the use of androgen deprivation therapy.


METHODS
Participants included 82,375 men with prostate cancer who were diagnosed from January 1, 1992, through December 31, 2002, and the 2,080 urologists who provided care to them. Multilevel analyses were used to estimate the likelihood of androgen deprivation use within 6 months of diagnosis in the overall cohort, in a subgroup in which use would be of uncertain benefit (primary therapy for localized prostate cancer), and in a subgroup in which use would be evidence-based (adjuvant therapy with radiation for locally advanced disease).


RESULTS
In the overall cohort of patients, a multilevel model adjusted for patient characteristics, tumor characteristics, and urologist characteristics (eg, board certification, academic affiliation, patient panel size, years since medical school graduation) showed that the likelihood of androgen deprivation use was significantly greater for patients who saw urologists without an academic affiliation. This pattern also was noted when the analysis was limited to settings in which androgen deprivation would have been of uncertain benefit. Odds ratios for use in that context were 1.66 (95% CI, 1.27 to 2.16) for urologists with no academic affiliation and 1.45 (95% CI, 1.13 to 1.85) for urologists with minor versus major academic affiliations.


CONCLUSIONS
Use of androgen deprivation for prostate cancer varies by the characteristics of the urologist. Patients of non-academically affiliated urologists were significantly more likely to receive primary androgen deprivation therapy for localized prostate cancer, a setting in which the benefits are uncertain.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0725, USA. vahakn@umich.edu
Vahakn B
VB
Shahinian
Yong-fang
YF
Kuo
Jean L
JL
Freeman
Eduardo
E
Orihuela
James S
JS
Goodwin
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000728:Androgens / Q000172:deficiency*; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009919:Orchiectomy; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014572:Urology / Q000379:methods*
D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000728:Androgens; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone