Effects of chronic exercise on endothelial dysfunction and insulin signaling of cutaneous microvascular in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
BACKGROUND
Abnormalities of the modulatory roles played by the endothelium and/or smooth muscle may be critical and initiating factors in the development of diabetic vascular disease. Decreased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt pathway activity and impaired nitric oxide production through this pathway may play pivotal roles in the diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction. Several findings have demonstrated that exercise training has therapeutic and protective effects in type 1 diabetes and could correct endothelial dysfunction. The molecular mechanisms, however, are only partially understood.


METHODS
Male Wistar rats (220+/-10 g, N=60) were made diabetic by streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, subcutaneously). After 1 week of diabetes induction, animals were submitted to exercise training for 10 weeks on a treadmill. To characterize cutaneous microvascular responses by laser Doppler flowmetery, animals were deeply anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium (60 mg/kg) and placed on a heating pad. A rectal thermometer was inserted and body temperature was maintained at 37+/-0.5 degrees C. A tracheotomy was performed to minimize respiratory difficulties. Systemic arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured by using a tail-cuff during assessment of cutaneous blood flow.


RESULTS
(i) Acetylcholine-induced cutaneous perfusion were increased significantly by training in the diabetic groups; (ii) Cutaneous microvascular responses to sodium nitroprusside did not alter in control and diabetic animals by training; and (iii) Local microinjection of insulin increased cutaneous blood flow in trained diabetic and trained control rats compared with age-matched sedentary diabetic and sedentary control normal rats. The administration of wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor) and N-nitro-L-arginine ( nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) before insulin, however, attenuated the increase in cutaneous blood flow in trained diabetic and normal rats.


CONCLUSIONS
Chronic exercise improved endothelium-dependent dilatation and potentiated insulin vascular function, possibly by PI3-kinase pathway in diabetic rats.
Heidarianpour
Ali
A
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Hajizadeh
Sohrab
S
Khoshbaten
Ali
A
Niaki
Abbas Ghanbari
AG
Bigdili
Mohammad Reza
MR
Pourkhalili
Khalil
K
D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000633:toxicity; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008845:Microinjections; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000633:toxicity; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D013311:Streptozocin