[ElePhant: an anatomic-electronic simulation system for the evaluation of computer assisted interventions and surgical education].
BACKGROUND
Suitable simulation systems providing realistic conditions are required for preclinical evaluation of computer assisted interventions and surgical training. Techniques are necessary for an objective detection of injuries to the structures at risk. The aim of this study was the technical realization of a simulation system for the ENT intervention, mastoidectomy.


METHODS
The basis of the simulation system was a CT scan of a cadaver skull. Using 3D printing, an anatomical phantom with realistic bone-like properties was created. Electronic detection systems were integrated into the structures at risk. A study with 16 ENT surgeons was conducted to prove the system's suitability for surgical training.


RESULTS
The creation of simulation systems for the objective evaluation of surgical intervention qualities is feasible. A modular structure enables economic and simple replacement of the simulation area. The modules are cost effective and reproducible with high accuracy. The present study shows that the simulation system can be applied in surgical education and evaluation as an alternative to cadavers.


CONCLUSIONS
Objective evaluation of injured structures at risk can be realized in real time. The simulation system permits preclinical evaluation studies of computer assisted instruments and surgical education. Reproducibility of the results makes multi-center studies possible.
Möckel
Hendrik
H
Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland. Hendrik.moeckel@iccas.de
Grunert
Ronny
R
Pössneck
Antje
A
Hofer
Mathias
M
Thalheim
Mario
M
Strauss
Gero
G
Fickweiler
Ulrich
U
Meixensberger
Jürgen
J
Dietz
Andreas
A
Korb
Werner
W
D003198:Computer Simulation; D004867:Equipment Design; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008416:Mastoid / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012984:Software; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000193:education*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation*