Capacity management of nursing staff as a vehicle for organizational improvement.
BACKGROUND
Capacity management systems create insight into required resources like staff and equipment. For inpatient hospital care, capacity management requires information on beds and nursing staff capacity, on a daily as well as annual basis. This paper presents a comprehensive capacity model that gives insight into required nursing staff capacity and opportunities to improve capacity utilization on a ward level.


METHODS
A capacity model was developed to calculate required nursing staff capacity. The model used historical bed utilization, nurse-patient ratios, and parameters concerning contract hours to calculate beds and nursing staff needed per shift and the number of nurses needed on an annual basis in a ward. The model was applied to three different capacity management problems on three separate groups of hospital wards. The problems entailed operational, tactical, and strategic management issues: optimizing working processes on pediatric wards, predicting the consequences of reducing length of stay on nursing staff required on a cardiology ward, and calculating the nursing staff consequences of merging two internal medicine wards.


RESULTS
It was possible to build a model based on easily available data that calculate the nursing staff capacity needed daily and annually and that accommodate organizational improvements. Organizational improvement processes were initiated in three different groups of wards. For two pediatric wards, the most important improvements were found to be improving working processes so that the agreed nurse-patient ratios could be attained. In the second case, for a cardiology ward, what-if analyses with the model showed that workload could be substantially lowered by reducing length of stay. The third case demonstrated the possible savings in capacity that could be achieved by merging two small internal medicine wards.


CONCLUSIONS
A comprehensive capacity model was developed and successfully applied to support capacity decisions on operational, tactical, and strategic levels. It appeared to be a useful tool for supporting discussions between wards and hospital management by giving objective and quantitative insight into staff and bed requirements. Moreover, the model was applied to initiate organizational improvements, which resulted in more efficient capacity utilization.
Elkhuizen
Sylvia G
SG
Department of Innovation and Process Management, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. s.g.elkhuizen@amc.uva.nl
Bor
Gert
G
Smeenk
Marjolein
M
Klazinga
Niek S
NS
Bakker
Piet J M
PJ
D001509:Bed Occupancy; D003660:Decision Support Systems, Management; D006742:Hospital Bed Capacity; D006757:Hospital Units / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D017146:Models, Organizational; D015233:Models, Statistical; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009426:Netherlands; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000592:standards / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013997:Time Factors; D017749:Total Quality Management / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration*; D000078329:Workforce