Adipokines in human milk and risk of overweight in early childhood: a prospective cohort study.
BACKGROUND
Multiple studies have suggested that breast-feeding can prevent obesity, but the evidence remains inconclusive. The concentrations of specific constituents of human milk, such as adipokines, may play a role in this relationship, and these have rarely been considered. We assessed the role of adiponectin and leptin in human milk in childhood overweight.


METHODS
Between November 2000 and November 2001 all women delivering at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at the University of Ulm, Germany were invited to participate in the study together with their healthy newborns. Milk samples were collected 6 weeks postpartum. Adiponectin and leptin levels were determined by commercially available ELISA. Active follow-up was performed at age 12 and 24 months.


RESULTS
Of the 674 breast-fed children, 56 (8%) were overweight at the age of 2 years. Median adiponectin and leptin levels in milk were 10.9 ng/mL and 174.5 pg/mL, respectively. Adjusted odds ratio for overweight at the age of 2 was 1.6 (95% confidence interval = 1.0-2.6) per unit increase of log adiponectin and 1.1 (0.8-1.5) per unit increase of log leptin. Among children who were breast-fed for at least 6 months, adjusted odds ratios were 2.1 (1.1-4.2) per unit increase of log adiponectin, and 1.1 (0.7-1.6) per unit increase of log leptin.


CONCLUSIONS
High levels of adiponectin in maternal milk may be a risk factor for childhood overweight.
Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, The German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. m.weyermann@dkfz-heidelberg.de
Maria
M
Weyermann
Hermann
H
Brenner
Dietrich
D
Rothenbacher
D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D050177:Overweight / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment
D054392:Adipokines