Improved techniques reduce face mask leak during simulated neonatal resuscitation: study 2.
BACKGROUND
Techniques of positioning and holding neonatal face masks vary. Studies have shown that leak at the face mask is common and often substantial irrespective of operator experience.


OBJECTIVE
(1) To identify a technique for face mask placement and hold which will minimise mask leak. (2) To investigate the effect of written instruction and demonstration of the identified technique on mask leak for two round face masks.


METHODS
Three experienced neonatologists compared methods of placing and holding face masks to minimise the leak for Fisher & Paykel 60 mm and Laerdal size 0/1 masks. 50 clinical staff gave positive pressure ventilation to a modified manikin designed to measure leak at the face mask. They were provided with written instructions on how to position and hold each mask and then received a demonstration. Face mask leak was measured after each teaching intervention.


RESULTS
A technique of positioning and holding the face masks was identified which minimised leak. The mean (SD) mask leaks before instruction, after instruction and after demonstration were 55% (31), 49% (30), 33% (26) for the Laerdal mask and 57% (25), 47% (28), 32% (30) for the Fisher & Paykel mask. There was no significant difference in mask leak between the two masks. Written instruction alone reduced leak by 8.8% (CI 1.4% to 16.2%) for either mask; when combined with a demonstration mask leak was reduced by 24.1% (CI 16.4% to 31.8%).


CONCLUSIONS
Written instruction and demonstration of the identified optimal technique resulted in significantly reduced face mask leak.
Division of Neonatal Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, 132 Grattan Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia.
Fiona E
FE
Wood
Colin J
CJ
Morley
Jennifer A
JA
Dawson
C Omar F
CO
Kamlin
Louise S
LS
Owen
Susan
S
Donath
Peter G
PG
Davis
D001315:Australia; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008348:Manikins; D008397:Masks; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital; D008880:Midwifery; D009359:Neonatology / Q000193:education; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D018743:Perinatal Care; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods