Massive but selective cytokine dysregulation in the colon of IL-10-/- mice revealed by multiplex analysis.
IL-10-deficient mice develop enterocolitis due to a failure of cytokine regulation; however, the full scope of that response remains poorly defined. Using multiplex analysis to quantify the activity of 23 regulatory and effector cytokines produced by colonic leukocytes, we demonstrate a vast dysregulation process of 18 cytokines in IL-10-/- mice from 7 to 27 weeks of age. Of those, IL-12p40, IL-6, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IFN-gamma, IL-13 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) had the highest single correlations with pathology (r = 0.7766-0.7016). Importantly, there were strong associations (r = 0.7071-0.9074) between those cytokines and as many as 10 additional cytokines, indicating a high degree of cytokine complexity as disease progressed. IL-17 was notable in that it was produced at high levels by colonic leukocytes from IL-10-/- mice with pathology ranging from mild to severe, though it was not produced by healthy IL-10-/- mice lacking pathology. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) by itself displayed only a modest association with pathology (r = 0.6340), ranking sixth lowest, though it cross-correlated strongly with the synthesis of 12 other cytokines, implying that the destructive effects associated with TNFalpha may be due to interactions of multiple cytokine activities. IL-23 expression did not correlate with pathology, possibly suggesting that IL-23 is involved in the initiation but not the perpetuation of inflammation. Four cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4 and IL-5) remained negative in IL-10-/- mice, demonstrating that cytokine dysregulation was not universal. These findings emphasize the need to better understand cytokine networks in chronic inflammation and they provide a rationale for combining immunotherapies in the treatment of intestinal inflammation.
Montufar-Solis
Dina
D
Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Branch, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6516 MD Anderson Boulevard, Houston, TX, USA.
Schaefer
Jeremy
J
Hicks
M John
MJ
Klein
John R
JR
D000818:Animals; D003092:Colitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003106:Colon / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C
D016207:Cytokines; D016753:Interleukin-10