Endometriosis: current and future medical therapies.
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that responds to steroidal manipulation. Creation of a steady hormonal environment with inhibition of ovulation temporarily suppresses the ectopic implants and reduces the inflammatory status as well as the associated pain symptoms. Pharmacological management of endometriosis must be set within the framework of long-term therapeutic strategies. As the available drugs are not curative, treatments will need to be administered for years or until women desire a pregnancy. The various therapies studied have shown similar efficacy. Consequently, based on a more favourable profile in terms of safety, tolerability and cost, combined oral contraceptives and progestins should be considered as the first-line option, both as an alternative to surgery and as a postoperative adjuvant measure. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues, danazol and gestrinone should be used when progestins and oral contraceptives fail, are not tolerated or are contra-indicated. Future therapies for endometriosis must compare favourably with existing drugs before hypothesizing their implementation in current practice. Medical treatment is not indicated in women seeking conception because reproductive prognosis is not ameliorated.
Vercellini
Paolo
P
Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica II, University of Milan, Istituto Luigi Mangiagalli, Via Commenda, Milan, Italy. paolo.vercellini@unimi.it
Somigliana
Edgardo
E
Viganò
Paola
P
Abbiati
Annalisa
A
Daguati
Raffaella
R
Crosignani
Pier Giorgio
PG
D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003613:Danazol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005867:Gestrinone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D011372:Progestins / Q000627:therapeutic use
D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D011372:Progestins; D005867:Gestrinone; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D003613:Danazol