Modulation of cognitive performance and mood by aromas of peppermint and ylang-ylang.
This study provides further evidence for the impact of the aromas of plant essential oils on aspects of cognition and mood in healthy participants. One hundred and forty-four volunteers were randomly assigned to conditions of ylang-ylang aroma, peppermint aroma, or no aroma control. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Cognitive Drug Research computerized assessment battery, with mood scales completed before and after cognitive testing. The analysis of the data revealed significant differences between conditions on a number of the factors underpinning the tests that constitute the battery. Peppermint was found to enhance memory whereas ylang-ylang impaired it, and lengthened processing speed. In terms of subjective mood peppermint increased alertness and ylang-ylang decreased it, but significantly increased calmness. These results provide support for the contention that the aromas of essential oils can produce significant and idiosyncratic effects on both subjective and objective assessments of aspects of human behavior. They are discussed with reference to possible pharmacological and psychological modes of influence.
Human Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Division of Psychology, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. mark.moss@unn.ac.uk
Mark
M
Moss
Steven
S
Hewitt
Lucy
L
Moss
Keith
K
Wesnes
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D019341:Aromatherapy; D054362:Cananga; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000187:drug effects; D036142:Mentha piperita; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D012016:Reference Values; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000187:drug effects
D009822:Oils, Volatile