Internalization via Antennapedia protein transduction domain of an scFv antibody toward c-Myc protein.
We constructed a single-chain variable fragment miniantibody (G11-scFv) directed toward the transactivation domain of c-Myc, which is fused with the internalization domain Int of Antennapedia at its carboxyl terminus (a cargo-carrier construct). In ELISA experiments, an EC(50) for binding saturation was achieved at concentrations of G11-scFv-Int(-) of approximately 10(-8) M. Internalization of a fluoresceinated Fl-G11-scFv-Int(+) construct was observed in intact human cultured cells with confocal microscopy. After 5 h of incubation in medium containing 1 microM Fl-G11-scFv-Int(+) or Fl-G11-scFv-Int(-), fluorescence intensity was determined in individual cells, both for cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments: concentration levels of Fl-G11-scFv-Int(+), relative to the extracellular culture medium concentration, were 4-5 times higher in the cytoplasm, 7-8 times higher in the nucleus, and 10 times higher in the nucleoli. In the same experimental conditions, the Fl-G11-scFv-Int(-) construct was 3-4 times more concentrated outside of the cells than inside. Cell membranes kept their integrity after 5 h of incubation. The antiproliferative activity of our miniantibody was studied on HCT116 cells. Incubation with 4 microM G11-scFv-Int(+) for 4 days induced very significant statistical and biological growth inhibition, whereas Int alone was completely inactive. Miniantibodies capable of penetrating cell membranes dramatically broaden the potential for innovative therapeutic agents and attack of new targets.
Avignolo
C
C
Department of Oncology, Biology and Genetics, University of Genoa, L. go R. Benzi 10, Genoa 16132, Italy.
Bagnasco
L
L
Biasotti
B
B
Melchiori
A
A
Tomati
V
V
Bauer
I
I
Salis
A
A
Chiossone
L
L
Mingari
M C
MC
Orecchia
P
P
Carnemolla
B
B
Neri
D
D
Zardi
L
L
Parodi
S
S
D051943:Antennapedia Homeodomain Protein / Q000737:chemistry*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D051943:Antennapedia Homeodomain Protein; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins