Dyslipidemia and other cardiovascular risk factors in a Canadian First Nation pediatric population with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
OBJECTIVE
The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of dyslipidemia in a population of youth with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to examine the relationship between the lipid parameters and other known cardiovascular risk factors.


METHODS
Ninety-nine youth aged 7-17 yr with T2DM had a fasting blood sample for lipid and lipoprotein levels [total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides (TG)], apolipoprotein B (apoB), blood glucose, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1(C)). Lipid profiles were compared with a non-diabetic population of Canadian First Nation (FN) youth and to published reference data. Rates of obesity, hypertension, smoking, and poor glycemic control were recorded and the relationship between these cardiovascular risk factors and lipid patterns was analyzed.


RESULTS
Fifty-seven percent of the subjects were female and 95% were of self-declared FN heritage. The mean levels of all components of the lipid profile were elevated in the group with T2DM compared with the control population (p < 0.001). ApoB levels exceeded the 75th %ile of the control population in 72% of those with T2DM. Thirty-seven percent of those with T2DM had elevated TG and apoB levels. Forty percent were smokers. Fifty-nine percent had an HbA1(C) that was greater than 7.0%. Thirty-nine percent had a BMI z-score >/= 2 but less than 15% had systolic hypertension.


CONCLUSIONS
Atherogenic lipid profiles are common in youth with T2DM. Elevated apoB levels with normal LDL-c levels highlight the importance of a full lipid panel including apoB in defining potential modifiable cardiovascular risk in this population with high rates of obesity, smoking, and poor glycemic control.
Sellers
Elizabeth A C
EA
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. esellers@exchange.hsc.mb.ca
Yung
Grant
G
Dean
Heather J
HJ
D000293:Adolescent; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D044382:Population Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors
D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human