Propofol sedation: intensivists' experience with 7304 cases in a children's hospital.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to determine the safety profile of propofol as a deep-sedation agent in a primarily outpatient program consisting of pediatric critical care physicians and specifically trained nurses with oversight provided by anesthesiology. One hypothesis was investigated: adverse events and/or airway interventions are more likely to occur in children with an abnormal airway score.


METHODS
A 36-month dual-site prospective, observational, clinical study was conducted in a single center with interchangeable providers operating within the guidelines of a single sedation program. A total of 7304 propofol sedations for 4464 unique patients who ranged in age from 1 month to 21 years were studied; >97% of the children were >1 year of age.


RESULTS
The following adverse reactions were identified, and a descriptive statistical analysis of the data were performed: mild oxygen desaturation (85%-90%), 1.73%; serious oxygen desaturation (<85%), 2.9%; laryngospasm, 0.27%; regurgitation without aspiration, 0.05%; regurgitation with aspiration, 0.01%; bronchospasm, 0.15%; and hypotension, 31.4%. Interventions required included oral airway, 0.96%; nasal trumpet, 1.57%; rescue breaths for >1 minute, 0.37%; intubation, 0.03%; volume requirement of >40 mL/kg per hour, 0.11%; sedation-induced ward or PICU admission, 0.04%; cardiac arrest medications, 0%; and aborted sedation or procedure, 0%. We devised an airway score to identify at-risk patients. Patients with an abnormal airway score were significantly more likely to: have oxygen desaturation (13.1% vs 4.3%); require an oral airway (5.9% vs 0.8%); and require a nasal trumpet (13.9% vs 1.2%).


CONCLUSIONS
Propofol has an acceptable safety profile for deep sedation when used in the context of a program with critical care physicians, specifically trained nurses, and anesthesiology oversight. A preprocedure airway score can assist in identifying patients who may require airway interventions.
Children's Respiratory and Critical Care Specialists, 2545 Chicago Ave S, Suite 617, Minneapolis, MN 55403, USA. mike.vespasiano@childrensmn.org
Michael
M
Vespasiano
Marsha
M
Finkelstein
Stephen
S
Kurachek
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D003422:Critical Care; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007223:Infant; D008485:Medical Audit; D015742:Propofol; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011996:Records
D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D015742:Propofol