Stress and demographic decline: a potential effect mediated by impairment of reproduction and immune function in cyclic vole populations.
The stress response is initially adaptive, operating to maintain homeostasis. However, chronic long-term exposure to stressors may have detrimental effects. We proposed that chronic stress may be a major factor in demographic vole cycles, inducing decline in high-density populations. We monitored four populations of the fossorial water vole Arvicola scherman, which undergo pluriannual demographic cycles in the Jura Mountains (France). Sampling was conducted during the high densities and the decline. We measured fecal corticosterone metabolites (FCMs) to assess stress levels and injected phytohemagglutinin to estimate the cell-mediated immune response. We demonstrated that stress levels increase between the high densities and the decline in most of the vole populations. At the individual level, FCM concentrations varied with reproductive status and body condition. During the outbreak, we observed significantly higher levels of FCM concentrations in nulliparous females than in females that had previously reproduced. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was observed between concentrations of FCMs and both immunocompetence and body condition during population decline. These results might reflect an impairment of the female reproductive capability in high densities and accelerated senescence affecting immune function during decline, both arising from chronic stress.
Charbonnel
Nathalie
N
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Departement Ecologie des Forets, Prairies, et Milieux Aquatiques, Unite Mixte de Recherche Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations, France. nathalie.charbonnel@supagro.inra.fr
Chaval
Yannick
Y
Berthier
Karine
K
Deter
Julie
J
Morand
Serge
S
Palme
Rupert
R
Cosson
Jean-Francois
JF
D000818:Animals; D003411:Arvicolinae / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D017753:Ecosystem; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology; D012621:Seasons; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D013997:Time Factors
D003345:Corticosterone