The differential effects of bisphosphonates, SERMS (selective estrogen receptor modulators), and parathyroid hormone on bone remodeling in osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis is a skeletal metabolic disease characterized by a compromised bone fragility, leading to an increased risk of developing spontaneous and traumatic fractures. Osteoporosis is considered a multifactorial disease and fractures are the results of several different risk factors both extra- and intraskeletal. Thus bone fragility can be the end point of several different causes: a) failure to reach an optimal peak bone mass during growth; b) excessive bone resorption resulting in decreased bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration; c) inadequate formation upon an increased resorption during the process of bone remodeling. The pharmacological therapeutical options, available to date, are directed on prevention of fractures. The aim of this paper is to describe the activities and the mechanisms of action, as known at present, of the most used therapies for osteoporosis and their clinical implications. Improvement of knowledge in this field will allow us to further improve therapeutical choices and pharmacological interventions.
Migliaccio
Silvia
S
Cattedra di Medicina Interna, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Italy. silvia.migliaccio@uniromal.it
Brama
Marina
M
Spera
Giovanni
G
D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D004164:Diphosphonates; C470125:PTH protein, human; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators