Intercountry adoption and nursing care.
OBJECTIVE
This paper is based on a Norwegian study that addressed the importance of nurses understanding adoptive families' particular needs. The study aimed to provide a diverse picture of adoptive families' challenges and resources. It addressed adoptive families' experiences with welfare professions, particularly public health nurse services, and explored their need for support before and after adoption. This paper focuses particularly on challenges confronting 'transracial' families.


METHODS
The qualitative research interview was used as the methodological approach. Nine couples of adoptive parents, four adoptive mothers, three public health nurses and four adult adoptees were interviewed. The analysis process was an ad hoc generation of meaning, and the data were systematically reviewed and categorized through an intuitive analysis style.


RESULTS
The study indicates that adoptive families manage their 'most common' challenges on their own, but the informants also spoke about a need for professional support and assistance in many cases. Recurring themes in the study were challenges linked to 'attachment difficulties', 'external categorization', 'grief' and 'the meaning of biological heritage and roots'. Findings indicate that there is a substantial demand for increased knowledge of adoptive families' special needs, not least in the public health nurse services; there is also limited knowledge within other welfare professions. Nurses particularly need to strengthen their understanding on how external categorization affects transracial adoptive families.


CONCLUSIONS
The study recommendations call for improved follow-up after adoptions. This can be met by establishing a special programme for adoptive families at maternity and child health centres. In addition, public health nurses can support adoptees in their teenage years through individual consultations.
Rykkje
Linda
L
Helse Bergen HF, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. linda.lee.risnes.rykkje@helse-bergen.no
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000300:Adoption / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007391:International Cooperation; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009664:Norway; D024802:Nurse's Role / Q000523:psychology; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009769:Object Attachment; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D011637:Public Health Nursing / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011822:Race Relations; D012649:Self Concept; D012944:Social Support