No differences in satiety or energy intake after high-fructose corn syrup, sucrose, or milk preloads.
BACKGROUND
It is unclear whether energy-containing drinks, especially those sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), promote positive energy balance and thereby play a role in the development of obesity.


OBJECTIVE
The objective was to examine the satiating effects of HFCS and sucrose in comparison with milk and a diet drink.


METHODS
The effects of four 800-mL drinks [corrected] containing no energy or 1.5 MJ from sucrose, HFCS, or milk on satiety were assessed, first in 15 men and 15 women with a mean (+/-SD) body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) of 22.1 +/- 1.9 according to visual analogue scales (VAS) and blood variables and second in 20 men and 20 women (BMI: 22.4 +/- 2.1) according to ingestion of a standardized ad libitum meal (granola cereal + yogurt, 10.1 kJ/g).


RESULTS
Fifty minutes after consumption of the 1.5-MJ preload drinks containing sucrose, HFCS, or milk, 170%-mm VAS changes in satiety were observed. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) (P < 0.001) and ghrelin (P < 0.05) concentrations changed accordingly. Compensatory energy intake did not differ significantly between the 3 preloads and ranged from 30% to 45%. Energy intake compensations were related to satiety (r = 0.35, P < 0.05). No differences were observed between the effects of the sucrose- and HFCS-containing drinks on changes in VAS and on insulin, glucose, GLP-1, and ghrelin concentrations. Changes in appetite VAS ratings were a function of changes in GLP-1, ghrelin, insulin, and glucose concentrations.


CONCLUSIONS
Energy balance consequences of HFCS-sweetened soft drinks are not different from those of other isoenergetic drinks, eg, a sucrose-drink or milk.
Soenen
Stijn
S
Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands. s.soenen@hb.unimaas.nl
Westerterp-Plantenga
Margriet S
MS
D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002417:Cattle; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000502:physiology*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013649:Taste
D001786:Blood Glucose; D054439:Ghrelin; D007328:Insulin; D005632:Fructose; D013395:Sucrose; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1