Mineralocorticoid deficiency in post-operative cerebral salt wasting.
Acute hyponatremia, following neurosurgery, results from inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) or cerebral salt wasting (CSW). CSW is due to abnormally high atrial or brain natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP), which block all stimulators of zona glomerulosa steroidogenesis, resulting in mineralocorticoid deficiency. A 3 year-old girl presented CSW at day 4, after resection of craniopharyngioma and hypophysectomy. Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and high natriuresis occurred on day 8, with low renin and aldosterone and elevated BNP 120.3 ng/ml (undetectable before surgery). Fludrocortisone 100 microg/day controlled natriuresis and restored electrolytes within 24 hours. A 5 year-old boy presented CSW at day 6 after partial resection of optic glioma. Fludocortisone 100 microg/day restored electrolytes within 8 hours. ANP was elevated, 60.6 ng/l, aldosterone and renin were low. Fludrocortisone supplementation should be considered in CSW, as excessive natriuresis is controlled, and electrolytes are easily restored, avoiding life-threatening complications of this complex disorder.
Papadimitriou
Dimitrios T
DT
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Grenoble, France. DTPapadimitriou@in.gr
Spiteri
Anne
A
Pagnier
Anne
A
Bayle
Monique
M
Mischalowski
Mariana Bohns
MB
Bourdat
Guylhène
G
Passagia
Jean-Guy
JG
Plantaz
Dominique
D
Bost
Michel
M
Garnier
Philippe E
PE
D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D054022:Cerebrum / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003397:Craniopharyngioma / Q000601:surgery; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005438:Fludrocortisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006947:Hyperkalemia / Q000378:metabolism; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007016:Hypophysectomy; D008297:Male; D008901:Mineralocorticoids / Q000172:deficiency*; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism
D004573:Electrolytes; D008901:Mineralocorticoids; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D005438:Fludrocortisone