Evaluation of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of ginger dry extracts from solutions and plasters.
In this study the skin permeation and the topical anti-inflammatory properties of ginger extracts were investigated. A commercial ginger dry extract (DE) and a gingerols-enriched dry extract (EDE) were evaluated for their in vivo topical anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of Croton oil-induced ear oedema in mice. Furthermore, the feasibility of an anti-inflammatory plaster containing DE or EDE was evaluated. Since the in vivo activity was evaluated in mice, the ex vivo skin permeation study was performed by using mouse skin or human epidermis. The DE from the acetonic solution exerted a dose-dependent topical anti-inflammatory activity (ID (50) = 142 microg/cm (2)), not far from that of the potent reference substance indomethacin (ID (50) = 93 microg/cm (2)). Similarly, the EDE induced a dose-dependent oedema reduction though its potency (ID (50) = 181 microg/cm (2)) was slightly lower than that of DE. Increase of the 6-gingerol concentration in the extract did not improve the anti-inflammatory activity. The medicated plasters, containing 1 mg/cm (2) of the commercial DE or EDE, had good technological characteristics and exerted a significant antiphlogistic effect, too. By using the plaster containing EDE, the 6-gingerol amount that permeated through human epidermis was 6.9 microg/cm (2) while the amount that passed through mouse skin was 22.1 microg/cm (2). Nevertheless, the amounts of 6-gingerol permeated through human epidermis and mouse skin in the early period (8h) were comparable (p > 0.3). This preliminary result suggests that the anti-inflammatory effect observed in mice could also be exerted in humans.
Minghetti
Paola
P
Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Pietro Pratesi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy. paola.minghetti@unimi.it
Sosa
Silvio
S
Cilurzo
Francesco
F
Casiraghi
Antonella
A
Alberti
Elisabetta
E
Tubaro
Aurelia
A
Loggia
Roberto Della
RD
Montanari
Luisa
L
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002396:Catechols; D003436:Croton Oil; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D020939:Zingiber officinale; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002396:Catechols; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D003436:Croton Oil; C007845:gingerol