Increased chromogranin A levels indicate sympathetic hyperactivity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
OBJECTIVE
Sympathetic hyperactivity is an unfavorable disease consequence in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) due to an increased risk of cardiovascular events. We aimed to identify a serum marker of the sympathetic nervous system, the adrenal chromogranin A (CHGA), in order to study sympathetic hyperactivity in RA and SLE.


METHODS
Serum levels of CHGA were measured by radioimmunoassay in healthy subjects and patients with RA and SLE. CHGA immunofluorescence was performed in synovium of patients with RA and controls with osteoarthritis (OA). CHGA levels were measured in plasma, synovial fluid, and synovium superfusate in RA and OA controls.


RESULTS
In healthy subjects, systemic CHGA levels correlated positively with age and plasma norepinephrine, indicating the sympathetic origin (p < 0.01). Serum CHGA levels were higher in RA and SLE than in healthy subjects (p < 0.001), which was particularly evident in female patients. Immunofluorescence revealed double-staining of CHGA and elastase-positive neutrophils in the synovium (but not with macrophages, T cells, fibroblasts, B cells, or tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells). Density of CHGA+ cells was higher in RA synovium compared to OA controls. In OA controls and RA, CHGA levels were similar in plasma and synovial fluid, but levels in synovial tissue superfusate were markedly lower, which indicates that most of the CHGA is of systemic adrenal origin.


CONCLUSIONS
Increased level of CHGA is a good marker of systemic sympathetic hyperactivity.
Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Silvia
S
Capellino
Torsten
T
Lowin
Peter
P
Angele
Werner
W
Falk
Joachim
J
Grifka
Rainer H
RH
Straub
D000328:Adult; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000503:physiopathology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology
D015415:Biomarkers; D053379:Chromogranin A