Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in high risk patients: outcomes of management.
BACKGROUND
The concomitant cardiopulmonary disease precluded the elective repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with acceptable risk. The endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) has become an alternative method for the treatment of AAA with high-risk comorbidities.


OBJECTIVE
Evaluate the results of EVAR in high-risk patients with large AAA.


METHODS
A prospective study of high-risk patients with large AAA and suitable morphology who underwent EVAR between August 2003 and August 2005 was conducted. The long-term outcomes were observed up to December 2006. The comorbidities, size of aneurysm, types of procedures, operative time, amount of blood loss and transfusion, length of postoperative stay in intensive care unit and hospital, postoperative complications and mortality were analyzed.


RESULTS
Eight patients (7 males and 1 female) with the mean age of 71.4 years (range 66-83 years) were included in the present study. The comorbidities were six of compromised cardiac status, one of severe pulmonary disease and one of morbid obesity. The average size of aneurysm was 6.2 +/- 0.64 centimetres. One patient also had large bilateral iliac artery aneurysms. Seven patients underwent EVAR with bifurcated aortic stent graft and one proceeded with aorto uni-iliac stent graft. Three patients underwent preoperative coil embolisation into internal iliac arteries when the distal landing zones at the external iliac arteries were considered. The mean estimated blood loss was 369cc and the mean blood transfusion was 0.88 units. There were no perioperative mortality, early graft occlusion, AAA rupture and open conversion in the present study. One patient had cardiac arrest due to upper airway obstruction but with successful treatment. Type II endoleak was observed in one patient and successfully treated by expectant management. One limb of bifurcated stent graft was occluded at the 5th month post EVAR and was successfully treated by artery bypass surgery at both groins. The 3-year primary graft limb patency was 87.5% (7/8). The survivals of patients at 1, 2 and 3 years were 100%, 100% and 87.5% respectively. The cause of death in one patient was not related to EVAR.


CONCLUSIONS
EVAR may be a safe and effective alternative to open AAA repair especially in high-risk patients.
Mutirangura
Pramook
P
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. pramook_siriraj@hotmail.com
Kruatrachue
Chutakiat
C
Ophasanond
Pricha
P
Chaiyasoot
Walailak
W
Ruangsetakit
Chanean
C
Wongwanit
Chumpol
C
Siriapisith
Thanongchai
T
Sermsathanasawadi
Nuttawut
N
Chinsakchai
Khamin
K
Phongraweewan
Orawan
O
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007902:Length of Stay; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods