Banding ligation versus beta-blockers as primary prophylaxis in esophageal varices: systematic review of randomized trials.
OBJECTIVE
To compare banding ligation versus beta-blockers as primary prophylaxis in patients with esophageal varices and no previous bleeding.


METHODS
Randomized trials were identified through electronic databases, reference lists in relevant articles, and correspondence with experts. Three authors extracted data. Random effects meta-analysis and metaregression were performed. The reported allocation sequence generation and concealment were extracted as measures of bias control.


RESULTS
The initial searches identified 1,174 references. Sixteen trials were included. In 15 trials, patients had high-risk varices. Three trials reported adequate bias control. All trials reported mortality for banding ligation (116/573 patients) and beta-blockers (115/594 patients). Mortality in the two treatment groups was not significantly different in the trials with adequate bias control (relative risk 1.22, 95% CI 0.84-1.78) or unclear bias control (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.75-1.39). Trials with adequate bias control found no significant difference in bleeding rates (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.55-1.35). Trials with unclear bias control found that banding ligation significantly reduced bleeding (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.41-0.77). Both treatments were associated with adverse events. In metaregression analyses, the estimated effect of ligation was significantly more positive if trials were published as abstracts. Likewise, the shorter the follow-up, the more positive the estimated effect of ligation.


CONCLUSIONS
Banding ligation and beta-blockers may be used as primary prophylaxis in high-risk esophageal varices. The estimated effect of banding ligation in some trials may be biased and was associated with the duration of follow-up. Further high-quality trials are still needed.
Gluud
Lise L
LL
Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Klingenberg
Sarah
S
Nikolova
Dimitrinka
D
Gluud
Christian
C
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods*; D011322:Primary Prevention; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists