Molecular and functional characterization of goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) transforming growth factor beta.
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a pleiotropic cytokine with important roles in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, activation and de-activation. It is one of the first cytokines released during an immune response and plays a strong immunomodulatory role in the activation and subsequent de-activation of macrophages and other immune cells. TGF-beta is a highly conserved molecule, and members of the TGF superfamily can be found in organisms as evolutionarily distant as arthropods. In this manuscript, we described the identification of a goldfish TGF-beta molecule, which was highly expressed in the skin, kidney and spleen of the goldfish and its expression was up-regulated in macrophages treated with LPS or recombinant goldfish TNF-alpha. Goldfish TGF-beta shared a high amino acid identity with, and was phylogenetically related to, TGF-beta1 of other teleost fish, birds, amphibians and mammals. Recombinant goldfish TGF-beta (rTGF-beta) induced the proliferation of a goldfish fibroblast cell line (CCL71) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rTGF-beta down-regulated the nitric oxide response of TNF-alpha-activated macrophages. This is the first report of teleost TGF-beta function in an ectothermic vertebrate.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
George
G
Haddad
Patrick C
PC
Hanington
Elaine C
EC
Wilson
Leon
L
Grayfer
Miodrag
M
Belosevic
D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006054:Goldfish / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide