Male--female differences in the impact of beta-adrenoceptor stimulation on resistance to experimental metastasis: exploring the effects of age and gonadal hormone involvement.
We studied the development of sexual dimorphism in resistance to NK-sensitive experimental metastasis under baseline conditions and following adrenoceptor stimulation. With increasing age, baseline resistance to MADB106 lung tumor retention (LTR) increased in both sexes, but also the susceptibility to the tumor-enhancing effects of a beta-adrenergic agonist, metaproterenol. Beginning at 13 weeks, males exhibited a 2- to 3-fold greater increase in LTR than females following adrenoceptor stimulation. This adult dimorphism was robust to ovariectomy, and questionably related to androgens. The findings are consistent with reduced female responsiveness to sympathetic activation, and substantiate the importance of including both sexes when studying neuroimmunomodulation.
Page
Gayle G
GG
Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. gpage@son.jhmi.edu
Fennelly
Andrea M
AM
Littleton-Kearney
Marguerite T
MT
Ben-Eliyahu
Shamgar
S
D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000502:physiology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D009921:Metaproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000502:physiology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics
D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D009921:Metaproterenol; D004837:Epinephrine