Esthetic treatment of gingival melanin hyperpigmentation with Er:YAG laser: short-term clinical observations and patient follow-up.
BACKGROUND
Recently, the erbium-doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Er:YAG) laser has been applied effectively for periodontal soft tissue management. The purpose of this study was to report removal of gingival melanin pigmentation using an Er:YAG laser in a short-term clinical observation.


METHODS
Five patients with gingival melanin pigmentation participated in this study. Irradiation was performed at 64.0 mJ/pulse (8.5 J/cm2 per pulse) and 10 Hz under water spray in contact mode. Clinical parameters, such as bleeding, swelling, redness, and healing, were evaluated immediately after the surgery and 24 hours, 1 and 4 weeks, and 3 months later. A visual analog scale was used to evaluate the pain level experienced.


RESULTS
The Er:YAG laser effectively ablated the epithelial tissue containing melanin pigmentation. At 1 week, gingiva showed fast epithelization with a healthy appearance in all cases. At 2 weeks, gingiva showed satisfactory healing with significant improvement in color and recovery of the tissue thickness. At 1 month, complete healing was observed; after the 3-month evaluation, no gingival deformity or recession was observed. However, there was a slight recurrence in one case.


CONCLUSIONS
Removal of gingival melanin pigmentation can be performed safely by Er:YAG laser resulting in an esthetically significant improvement of gingival discoloration.
Rosa
Daniel Simões A
DS
School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Aranha
Ana Cecília Corrêa
AC
Eduardo
Carlos de Paula
Cde P
Aoki
Akira
A
D000328:Adult; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D005882:Gingival Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008548:Melanosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires