Monitoring of microbial diversity and activity during bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil with different treatments.
The present study compared the microbial diversity and activity during the application of various bioremediation processes to crude oil-contaminated soil. Five different treatments, including natural attenuation (NA), biostimulation (BS), biosurfactant addition (BE), bioaugmentation (BA), and a combined treatment (CT) of biostimulation, biosurfactant addition, and bioaugmentation, were used to analyze the degradation rate and microbial communities. After 120 days, the level of remaining hydrocarbons after all the treatments was similar, however, the highest rate (k) of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradatioN was observed with the CT treatment (P < 0.05). The total bacterial counts increased during the first 2 weeks with all the treatments, and then remained stable. The bacterial communities and alkane monooxygenase gene fragment, alkB, were compared by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The DGGE analyses of the BA and CT treatments, which included Nocardia sp. H17-1, revealed a simple dominant population structure, compared with the other treatments. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H') and Simpson dominance index (D), calculated from the DGGE profiles using 16S rDNA, showed considerable qualitative differences in the community structure before and after the bioremediation treatment as well as between treatment conditions.
Environmental Biotechnology Research Center KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
Kyung-Hwa
KH
Baek
Byung-Dae
BD
Yoon
Byung-Hyuk
BH
Kim
Dae-Hyun
DH
Cho
In-Sook
IS
Lee
Hee-Mock
HM
Oh
Hee-Sik
HS
Kim
D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D044822:Biodiversity; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics; D010578:Petroleum / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*
D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D010578:Petroleum; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases