title: Birth outcomes by neighbourhood income and recent immigration in Toronto.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article examines differences in birth outcomes by neighbourhood income and recent immigration for singleton live births in Toronto, Ontario.
  
  
  METHODS
  The birth data were extracted from hospital discharge abstracts compiled by the Canadian Institute for Health Information.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based cross-sectional study of 143,030 singleton live births to mothers residing in Toronto, Ontario from 1 April 1996 through 31 March 2001 was conducted. Neighbourhood income quintiles of births were constructed after ranking census tracts according to the proportion of their population below Statistics Canada's low-income cutoffs. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for the effects of neighbourhood income quintile and recent immigration on preterm birth, low birthweight and full-term low birthweight, adjusted for infant sex and maternal age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low neighbourhood income was associated with a moderately higher risk of preterm birth, low birthweight, and full-term low birthweight. The neighbourhood income gradient was less pronounced among recent immigrants compared with longer-term residents. Recent immigration was associated with a lower risk of preterm birth, but a higher risk of low birthweight and full-term low birthweight.
authors: Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto. marcelo.urquia@utoronto.ca
authors: Marcelo L
authors: ML
authors: Urquia
authors: John W
authors: JW
authors: Frank
authors: Richard H
authors: RH
authors: Glazier
authors: Rahim
authors: R
authors: Moineddin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D009864:Ontario; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors