title: Is a failure to recognize an increase in food intake a key to understanding insulin-induced weight gain?
abstract: The present study aimed to assess the contribution of energy intake to positive energy balance and weight gain with insulin therapy. Changes in energy intake (self-report and weighed food intake), dietary behavior (auto-questionnaires), resting energy expenditure (REE) (indirect calorimetry), physical activity (accelerometry), and glucosuria were monitored over the first 6 months of insulin therapy in 46 diabetic adults. No change in REE, activity, or glucosuria could explain weight gain in the type 1 (4.1 +/- 0.6 kg, P < 0.0001) or type 2 (1.8 +/- 0.8 kg, P = 0.02) diabetic groups. An increase in energy intake provides the most likely explanation for weight gain with insulin. However, it is not being recognized because of significant underestimation of self-reported food intake, which appears to be associated with increased dietary restraint.
authors: Department of Diabetes and Nutrition, CHU Angers F-49033, France.
authors: Miriam
authors: M
authors: Ryan
authors: M Barbara E
authors: MB
authors: Livingstone
authors: Pierre-Henri
authors: PH
authors: Ducluzeau
authors: Agnès
authors: A
authors: Sallé
authors: Manon
authors: M
authors: Genaitay
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Ritz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D015930:Diet Records; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin