title: cGMP-binding prepares PKG for substrate binding by disclosing the C-terminal domain.
abstract: Type I cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG) is involved in the nitric oxide/cGMP signaling pathway. PKG has been identified in many different species, ranging from unicelölular organisms to mammals. The enzyme serves as one of the major receptor proteins for intracellular cGMP and controls a variety of cellular responses, ranging from smooth-muscle relaxation to neuronal synaptic plasticity. In the absence of a crystal structure, the three-dimensional structure of the homodimeric 152-kDa kinase PKG is unknown; however, there is evidence that the kinase adopts a distinct cGMP-dependent active conformation when compared to the inactive conformation. We performed mass-spectrometry-based hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments to obtain detailed information on the structural changes in PKG I alpha induced by cGMP activation. Site-specific exchange measurements confirmed that the autoinhibitory domain and the hinge region become more solvent exposed, whereas the cGMP-binding domains become more protected in holo-PKG (dimeric PKG saturated with four cGMP molecules bound). More surprisingly, our data revealed a specific disclosure of the substrate-binding region of holo-PKG, shedding new light into the kinase-activation process of PKG.
authors: Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Vera
authors: V
authors: Alverdi
authors: Hortense
authors: H
authors: Mazon
authors: Cees
authors: C
authors: Versluis
authors: Wieger
authors: W
authors: Hemrika
authors: Gennaro
authors: G
authors: Esposito
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: van den Heuvel
authors: Arjen
authors: A
authors: Scholten
authors: Albert J R
authors: AJ
authors: Heck
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001059:Apoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016367:Baculoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D001665:Binding Sites; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D002417:Cattle; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D041961:Deuterium Exchange Measurement; D019281:Dimerization; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D007700:Kinetics; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D001059:Apoproteins; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D006152:Cyclic GMP