title: Effects of intramuscular and peritonsillar injection of tramadol before tonsillectomy: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to investigate the efficacy of intramuscular injection and peritonsillar infiltration of tramadol to prevent pain in children undergoing tonsillectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blinded trial, 45 children were randomized into three groups: infiltration anesthesia with tramadol (2 mgkg(-1)) to the peritonsillar area (INF group, n=15), intramuscular analgesia with tramadol (2 mgkg(-1)) (IM group, n=15), and the placebo controls (PL group, n=15). Visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain assessment, heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during and after anesthesia were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean HR values were higher in INF than PL group at 10th, 20th, and 30th minutes of operation (P<0.05). Nine children required analgesics within the first hour after surgery in PL compared to 1 child in INF group (P=0.036). VAS scores on awakening were significantly better in INF than PL group (P=0.015). The difference between IM and PL groups was not significant for any of the parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peritonsillar infiltration with tramadol provided good intraoperative analgesia, less postoperative pain on awakening and lower analgesic requirement within the first hour after surgery.
authors: Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zonguldak, Turkey. mehmetbirolugur@gmail.com
authors: Mehmet Birol
authors: MB
authors: Ugur
authors: Metin
authors: M
authors: Yilmaz
authors: Hanife
authors: H
authors: Altunkaya
authors: Fikret
authors: F
authors: Cinar
authors: Yetkin
authors: Y
authors: Ozer
authors: Levent
authors: L
authors: Beder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014066:Palatine Tonsil; D011292:Premedication; D014068:Tonsillectomy; D014147:Tramadol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D014147:Tramadol