title: Depression is a major determinant of quality of life in patients with chronic systolic heart failure in general practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Quality of life (QoL) is severely restricted in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Patients frequently suffer from depressive comorbidity. It is not clear, to what extent sociodemographic variables, heart failure severity, somatic comorbidities and depression determine QoL of patients with CHF in primary care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a cross-sectional analysis, 167 patients, 68.2 +/- 10.1 years old, 68.9% male, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II-IV, Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < or = 40%, were recruited in their general practitioner's practices. Heart failure severity was assessed with echocardiography and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP); multimorbidity was assessed with the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS-G). QoL was measured with the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and depression with the depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Significant correlations with all SF-36 subscales were only found for the CIRS-G (r = -0.18 to -0.36; P < .05) and the PHQ-9 (r = -0.26 to -0.75; P < .01). In multivariate forward regression analyses, the PHQ-9 summary score explained the most part of QoL variance in all of the SF-36 subscales (r2 = 0.17-0.56). LVEF and NT-proBNP did not have significant influence on QoL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression is a major determinant of quality of life in patients with chronic systolic heart failure, whereas somatic measures of heart failure severity such as NT-proBNP and LVEF do not contribute to quality of life. Correct diagnosis and treatment of depressive comorbidity in heart failure patients is essential.
authors: Department of Psychosomatic and General Internal Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Müller-Tasch
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Peters-Klimm
authors: Dieter
authors: D
authors: Schellberg
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Holzapfel
authors: Annika
authors: A
authors: Barth
authors: Jana
authors: J
authors: Jünger
authors: Joachim
authors: J
authors: Szecsenyi
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Herzog
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D054143:Heart Failure, Systolic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires