Emerging themes in IFN-gamma-induced macrophage immunity by the p47 and p65 GTPase families.
Vertebrates have evolved complex immune specificity repertoires beyond the primordial components found in lower multi-cellular organisms to combat microbial infections. The type II interferon (IFN-gamma) pathway represents one such system, bridging innate and acquired immunity and providing host protection in a cell-autonomous manner. Recent large-scale transcriptome analyses of IFN-gamma-dependent gene expression in effector cells such as macrophages have highlighted the prominence of two families of GTPases -- p47 IRGs and p65 GBPs -- that are now beginning to emerge as major determinants of antimicrobial resistance. Here we discuss the recent clarification of known family members, their cellular biochemistry and host defense functions as a means to understanding the complex innate immune response engendered in higher vertebrates such as humans and mice.
Shenoy
Avinash R
AR
Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Boyer Centre for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Kim
Bae-Hoon
BH
Choi
Han-Pil
HP
Matsuzawa
Takeshi
T
Tiwari
Sangeeta
S
MacMicking
John D
JD
D000818:Animals; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007110:Immunity, Active; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
D014157:Transcription Factors; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins