Prevalence and determinants of elevated apolipoprotein B and dense low-density lipoprotein in youths with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of elevated apolipoprotein B (apoB) and dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in United States youth with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.


METHODS
We conducted cross-sectional analyses of apoB concentrations, LDL density, and prevalence of elevated apoB levels and dense LDL from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study, a six-center U.S.-based study of youth with diabetes onset younger than 20 years of age (2657 with type 1 and 345 with type 2).


RESULTS
Among youth with type 1 diabetes, 11% had elevated apoB (>or=100 mg/dl, 1.95 mm/liter), 8% had dense LDL (relative flotation rate<or=0.237), and 12% had elevated LDL-cholesterol (>or=130 mg/dl, 3.36 mm/liter). In contrast, among youth with type 2 diabetes, 36% had elevated apoB, 36% had dense LDL, but only 23% had elevated LDL-cholesterol. Dense LDL and apoB each increased with hemoglobin A1c in both types. Among type 1 diabetics in poor glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c>or=9.5%), 28% had elevated apoB, and 18% had dense LDL, whereas 72% of poorly controlled type 2 diabetics had elevated apoB and 62% had dense LDL.


CONCLUSIONS
In youth with type 1 diabetes, elevated apoB and dense LDL were not highly prevalent, whereas elevated apoB and dense LDL were common lipoprotein abnormalities in youth with type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of these risk factors substantially increased with poor glycemic control in both groups, stressing the importance of achieving and maintaining an optimal glucose control.
Albers
John J
JJ
Department of Medicine, Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, University of Washington, 401 Queen Anne Avenue North, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
Marcovina
Santica M
SM
Imperatore
Giuseppina
G
Snively
Beverly M
BM
Stafford
Jeanette
J
Fujimoto
Wilfred Y
WY
Mayer-Davis
Elizabeth J
EJ
Petitti
Diana B
DB
Pihoker
Catherine
C
Dolan
Larry
L
Dabelea
Dana M
DM
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans
D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human