title: Pediatric sex group differences in location of snakebite injuries requiring antivenom therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to examine the patterns of snakebite injury in pediatric patients that require antivenom therapy and to evaluate whether and when sex group differences exist.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a nationwide, multicenter, retrospective evaluation of 24 regional poison centers from 2002 and through 2004 of data for antivenom therapy for Crotaline snakebites. Data points abstracted included the age of the victim, sex of the victim, and location of bite. We calculated contingency tables of the data with statistical significance by Fisher's exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated 204 records that involved pediatric patients; 3 of the patients had no recorded age. In 16 of the records, the bite location was not documented (2 children and 1 unknown age) or was listed as head/neck (1 child). These records were not included in the data analysis. There were bites in 136 males and 65 females. Males were more likely than females to suffer an injury to the upper extremity (56.6% vs. 26.2%; p<0.01). Males were more likely to suffer injuries to the upper extremity in all age groups (p <0.05) except for the group aged 10 through 12 years; in the group aged 10 through 12, we did not see significant differences between the sexes (p=0.729). Males are more likely to suffer an upper extremity bite with increasing age (p=0.029), while females showed no significant change in the location of bites (p=0.223).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Male children were more likely than female children to suffer Crotaline snakebites that required antivenom therapy. In this population, significant differences between locations of snakebites were found. Males were more likely than females to be bitten in the upper extremities. This difference appears as early as 1 to 4 years of age.
authors: Division of Medical Toxicology, UCSD Medical Center, San Diego. matteucci@med.navy.mil
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Matteucci
authors: Jennifer E
authors: JE
authors: Hannum
authors: Robert H
authors: RH
authors: Riffenburgh
authors: Richard F
authors: RF
authors: Clark
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001132:Arm; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D011039:Poison Control Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012621:Seasons; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D017819:Viperidae
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D003435:Crotalid Venoms