Mutation analysis of the parkin and PINK1 genes in American Caucasian early-onset Parkinson disease families.
Mutations in the parkin gene and the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 gene (PINK1) have been identified as the most common causes of autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson disease (EOPD). To investigate the presence of the parkin and PINK1 gene mutation(s) and to explore genotype-phenotype correlations in American Caucasian families with EOPD from North American, we screened these two genes in probands of six families by direct sequencing, semi-quantitative PCR and RT-PCR. No PINK1 gene mutation was found in any of the probands, but compound heterozygous mutations (EX 3 del and EX 3_4 del) in the parkin gene were identified in one family. Extended analysis of the parkin-positive family showed the phenotype of patients was that of classic autosomal recessive EOPD, characterized by early age at onset, slow progression, beneficial response to levodopa, and levodopa-related motor complications. Three heterozygous mutation carriers (EX 3 del or EX 3_4 del) were free of any neurological symptoms. None of 62 healthy controls harbored EX 3 del or EX 3_4 del mutation. Our data suggest that compound heterozygous mutations (EX 3 and EX 3_4 del) in the parkin gene were the cause of EOPD in one of six Caucasian families; heterozygous EX 3 del and heterozygous EX 3_4 del forms were insufficient to cause this disorder, consistent with a loss-of-function mechanism of the parkin mutations. The results may provide new insights into the cause and diagnosis of PD and have implications for genetic counseling.
Deng
Hao
H
Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Le
Weidong
W
Shahed
Joohi
J
Xie
Wenjie
W
Jankovic
Joseph
J
D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People; D000099202:PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase
D011494:Protein Kinases; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D000099202:PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase; C111567:parkin protein