title: Are humoral factors involved in the colonic mucosal lesion in portal hypertensive rats?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With a prehepatic portal hypertensive rat model, we explored the involvement of humoral factors to the occurrence of portal hypertensive colopathy (PHC), another clinical entity besides portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) in portal hypertension, by investigating the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelial constitutive NOS (ecNOS), endothelin-1 (ET-1), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the colonic and gastric mucosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Portal hypertension was produced by a two-stage ligation of portal vein plus ligation of the left adrenal vein in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Two weeks after complete obstruction of the portal vein, the portal pressure was measured and the expression of iNOS, ecNOS, ET-1, TNF-alpha and VEGF in the colonic and gastric mucosa were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 1.8 fold (P < 0.01) elevation of the portal pressure was detected in the portal hypertensive rats as compared to control. Significantly up-regulation of the mRNA levels of iNOS (P < 0.01), ET-1 (P < 0.05) and TNF-alpha (P < 0.01), but not ecNOS and VEGF, were detected in the colonic mucosa of portal hypertensive rats compared with control. The mRNA of iNOS, ecNOS, ET-1, TNF-alpha and VEGF were all significantly increased at varied levels in the gastric mucosa as compared to control (P all < 0.05). No difference of the appearance and localization of immunostaining of iNOS, ecNOS, ET-1, TNF-alpha and VEGF in the colonic and gastric mucosa were seen between two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest the involvement of the upregulation of iNOS, ET-1 and TNF-alpha in the colonic mucosal lesion of portal hypertensive rats.
authors: Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, Guangdong, China. yinzhaohui0451@hotmail.com
authors: Z H
authors: ZH
authors: Yin
authors: R L
authors: RL
authors: Huang
authors: H Y
authors: HY
authors: Lu
authors: X Y
authors: XY
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000098:blood supply; D000818:Animals; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000032:analysis; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000032:analysis; D017082:Portal Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000601:surgery; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467498:vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III