Structural characterization and pharmacodynamic effects of an orally active 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor.
11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 regulates glucocorticoid action and inhibition of this enzyme is a viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Here, we report a potent and selective 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor with a binding mode elucidated from the co-crystal structure with the human 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. The inhibitor is bound to the steroid-binding pocket making contacts with the catalytic center and the solvent channel. The inhibitor binding is facilitated by two direct hydrogen bond interactions involving Tyrosine183 of the catalytic motif Tyr-X-X-X-Lys and Alanine172. In addition, the inhibitor makes many hydrophobic interactions with both the enzyme and the co-factor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced). In lean C57BL/6 mice, the compound inhibited both the in vivo and ex vivo 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activities in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects correlate with the plasma compound concentrations, suggesting that there is a clear pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationship. Moreover, at the same doses used in the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies, the inhibitor did not cause the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in an acute mouse model, suggesting that this compound exhibits biological effects with minimal risk of activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Hale
Clarence
C
Department of Metabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
Véniant
Murielle
M
Wang
Zhulun
Z
Chen
Michelle
M
McCormick
Jocelyn
J
Cupples
Rod
R
Hickman
Dean
D
Min
Xiaoshan
X
Sudom
Athena
A
Xu
Haoda
H
Matsumoto
Guy
G
Fotsch
Christopher
C
St Jean
David J
DJ
Wang
Minghan
M
D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
C527489:2-(1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethylamino)-5-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)thiazol-4(5H)-one; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D013844:Thiazoles; D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1