title: Capsule endoscopy and cardiac pacemakers: investigation for possible interference.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The diagnostic benefit of capsule endoscopy in suspected small-bowel disease is high and seems to be superior to that with conventional methods and scintigraphy. Because of the limited clinical experience in patients with cardiac pacemakers and other implanted electrical devices, it is recommended that capsule endoscopy should not be used in such cases. We investigated the potential for capsule endoscopy to interfere with cardiac pacemakers in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  21 different pacemakers and leads were positioned in a 0.9 % saline solution in a tank. Pin jacks were placed that were in contact with the solution. The pacemaker impulse was recorded and an inhibiting signal could be coupled in. The capsules (Given Imaging and Olympus) were placed in different positions relative to the cardiac pacemaker and finally placed on the case of the pacemaker, for 1 minute in each site. The functioning of the pacemaker was observed continuously. The effect on the pacemaker was noted particularly as inhibition, synchronization, or no effect. The pacemaker was then inhibited using a standard test signal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no interference between the video capsule and the cardiac pacemakers in our experiment in spite of the close proximity of the two devices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical use of capsule endoscopy is unproblematic in patients with cardiac pacemakers.
authors: Medizinische Klinik 1, Klinikum Wetzlar, Wetzlar, Germany. dirk.bandorski@lahn-dill-kliniken.de
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Bandorski
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Irnich
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Brück
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Beyer
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Kramer
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Jakobs
mesh_terms: D053704:Capsule Endoscopy; D020776:Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal; D004867:Equipment Design; D004869:Equipment Safety; D006801:Humans; D008961:Models, Structural; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity