title: Insulin-like growth factor type-I receptor-dependent phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 but not Akt (protein kinase B) can be induced by picropodophyllin.
abstract: The initial event upon binding of insulin-like growth factor 1 to the insulin-like growth factor type-I receptor (IGF-1R) is auto-phosphorylation of tyrosine residues within the activation loop of the kinase domain followed by phosphorylation of other receptor tyrosine residues and the subsequent activation of the intracellular signaling cascades. We found recently that the cyclolignan picropodophyllin (PPP) inhibits phosphorylation of IGF-1R and phosphatidyl-3 kinase/Akt (protein kinase B) signaling molecules without interfering with the highly homologous insulin receptor. Furthermore, PPP causes regression of tumor grafts and substantially prolongs the survival of animals with systemic tumor disease. It is of interest that we show here that short treatments with PPP activate the intracellular extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. Our data suggest that PPP induces IGF-1R ubiquitination and in turn activates ERK1/2. The PPP-induced ERK activation requires IGF-1R because PPP is not able to induce ERK phosphorylation in IGF-1R-negative cells or in cells in which the receptor is knocked down by small interfering RNA. Moreover, in the absence of Mdm2, an E3 ligase that has been shown previously to be involved in IGF-1R ubiquitination, the phosphorylation of ERK did not occur. Thus, apart from inhibiting the receptor activity, PPP can induce IGF-1R ubiquitination and stimulate ERK in an Mdm2-dependent manner. This response could contribute to the apoptotic effect of PPP.
authors: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Tumor Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, CCK R8:04, Karolinska Institutet, S-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Radu
authors: R
authors: Vasilcanu
authors: Daiana
authors: D
authors: Vasilcanu
authors: Bita
authors: B
authors: Sehat
authors: Shucheng
authors: S
authors: Yin
authors: Ada
authors: A
authors: Girnita
authors: Magnus
authors: M
authors: Axelson
authors: Leonard
authors: L
authors: Girnita
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011034:Podophyllotoxin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D054875:Ubiquitination
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C415032:picropodophyllin; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D011034:Podophyllotoxin