title: Incomplete ablation after radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis of risk factors and prognostic factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Complete ablation rates after a single session of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) vary from 48% to 97%. Limited data are available regarding risk factors and prognostic significance of incomplete ablation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 2001 and March 2006, 298 patients underwent RFA of 393 HCC nodules with an intent of complete ablation after a single session. Risk factors for incomplete ablation and its effect on overall survival were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred seventy-three (91.6%) underwent complete tumor ablation, whereas the other 25 (8.4%) underwent incomplete tumor ablation after a single session of RFA. By multivariate analysis, tumor size > 3 cm (P = .049) was found to be the only independent risk factor for incomplete ablation. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival between patients with complete and incomplete ablation. By univariate analysis, no previous transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), preoperative serum alfa-fetoprotein < or = 100 microg/mL, and complete response after further treatment of incomplete ablation were associated with better overall survival in patients with incomplete ablation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that incomplete ablation after RFA of HCC was associated with tumor size > 3 cm. Our data also suggest that aggressive further treatment of tumors with incomplete ablation aiming at complete tumor response improves overall survival.
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
authors: Vincent Wai-To
authors: VW
authors: Lam
authors: Kelvin K
authors: KK
authors: Ng
authors: Kenneth Siu-Ho
authors: KS
authors: Chok
authors: Tan-To
authors: TT
authors: Cheung
authors: Jimmy
authors: J
authors: Yuen
authors: Helen
authors: H
authors: Tung
authors: Wai-Kuen
authors: WK
authors: Tso
authors: Sheung-Tat
authors: ST
authors: Fan
authors: Ronnie T P
authors: RT
authors: Poon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis