title: Polyphyllin D induces mitochondrial fragmentation and acts directly on the mitochondria to induce apoptosis in drug-resistant HepG2 cells.
abstract: We previously showed that polyphyllin D (PD) produced a stronger apoptotic effect in R-HepG2 with multi-drug resistance (MDR) than that in its parent HepG2 cells without MDR. In this study, PD was found to elicit mitochondrial fragmentation in live cells by using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). When mitochondria were isolated and treated directly with PD, a stronger swelling, deeper transmembrane depolarization, and more apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) release were observed from the mitochondria of R-HepG2 than that of HepG2. These observations suggest that PD is a potent anti-cancer agent that bypasses MDR and elicits apoptosis via mitochondrial injury.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
authors: Rose C Y
authors: RC
authors: Ong
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: Lei
authors: Rebecca K Y
authors: RK
authors: Lee
authors: Jenny Y N
authors: JY
authors: Cheung
authors: K P
authors: KP
authors: Fung
authors: Chinlon
authors: C
authors: Lin
authors: H P
authors: HP
authors: Ho
authors: Biao
authors: B
authors: Yu
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Li
authors: S K
authors: SK
authors: Kong
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D004144:Diosgenin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects*; D012503:Saponins; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D012503:Saponins; C121203:polyphyllin D; D020169:Caspases; D004144:Diosgenin