title: Bone morphogenetic proteins and the induction of bone formation: from laboratory to patients.
abstract: This article revisits the induction of bone by the osteogenic proteins of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily in nonhuman and human primates and proposes that the translation in clinical contexts of the phenomenon of bone; formation by autoinduction, is predictably achievable by the binary application of relatively low doses of transforming growth factor-beta proteins with a recombinant human osteogenic protein. The synergistic induction of bone formation is a cost-effective clinical strategy because published data in nonhuman primates have shown that doses of recombinant human recombinant osteogenic protein-1 can be reduced at least fivefold and still increase bone formation compared with higher doses of single applications of human recombinant osteogenic protein-1.
authors: Bone Research Unit, Medical Research Council/University of the Witwatersrand, Medical School, 2193 Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa. ugo.ripamonti@wits.ac.za
authors: Ugo
authors: U
authors: Ripamonti
authors: Manolis
authors: M
authors: Heliotis
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Ferretti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000502:physiology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: C525819:BMP7 protein, human; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta