title: Intensity of the internal standard response as the basis for reporting a test specimen as negative or inconclusive.
abstract: Under normal circumstances, a test specimen is reported as "negative" when the response of the analyte is absent. However, if the intensity of the internal standard (IS) is low, indicating interference factors, the test could be considered "inconclusive." A quantitative hypothesis, A=(R x I x S)/L, serves as the "cutoff" for the acceptable signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio for the IS in making "negative/inconclusive" decisions, where A is the acceptable S/N ratio for internal standard; R is the relative response of the IS and the analyte (same concentration); I is the concentration of the IS; S is the (minimal S/N ratio); and L is the limit of detection. The hypothesis was empirically tested using the 9-carboxy-11-nor-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) analyte, THC-COOH-d(3) IS, with ibuprofen and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as interference factors. Urine specimens containing 0-5 ng/mL of THC-COOH were spiked with various quantities of ibuprofen or H(2)O(2), followed by liquid-liquid extraction, derivatization, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis under selected-ion-monitoring mode. Among the "adulterated" test specimens evaluated (those with an S/N for the internal standard below the acceptable IS S/N "A") the quantitative criterion was indeed found to provide a useful guide for making negative/inconclusive decisions. This equation could be programmed into the instrument software to flag results as being inconclusive when they do not meet the criteria described in this paper.
authors: Department of Medical Technology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung Hsien 831-01, Taiwan.
authors: Ray H
authors: RH
authors: Liu
authors: Chih-Hung
authors: CH
authors: Wu
authors: Yi-Jun
authors: YJ
authors: Chen
authors: Chiung-Dan
authors: CD
authors: Chang
authors: Jason G
authors: JG
authors: Linville
authors: Dennis V
authors: DV
authors: Canfield
mesh_terms: D013759:Dronabinol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000652:urine*; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000652:urine*; D012015:Reference Standards; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D013759:Dronabinol; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C025351:delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid; D007052:Ibuprofen