title: Effect of 4% titanium tetrafluoride solution on dental erosion by a soft drink: an in situ/ex vivo study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This in situ/ex vivo study assessed the effect of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF(4)) on permanent human enamel subjected to erosion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten volunteers took part in this study performed in two phases. In the first phase (ERO), they wore acrylic palatal appliances containing two enamel blocks, divided into two rows: TiF(4) (F) and no-TiF(4) (no-F). During the 1st day, the formation of a salivary pellicle was allowed. In the 2nd day, the TiF(4) solution was applied on one row (ERO+F), whereas on the other row no treatment was performed (ERO+no-F). From 3rd until 7th day, the blocks were subjected to erosion, 4x per day. In the 2nd phase (no-ERO), the volunteers wore acrylic palatal appliances containing one enamel block, during 2 days, to assess the effect of TiF(4) only (no-ERO+F). Enamel alterations were determined using profilometry (wear), microhardness (%SMHC) tests, scanning electron microscope and microprobe analysis. The %SMHC and wear were tested using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean of %SMHC and wear (microm) values (+/-S.D.) were, respectively: ERO+F -73.32+/-5.16(A)/2.40+/-0.60(a); ERO+no-F -83.49+/-4.59(B)/1.17+/-0.48(b) and no-ERO+F -67.92+/-6.16(A)/0.21+/-0.09(c). In microscope analysis, the no-F group showed enamel with honeycomb appearance. For F groups, it was observed a surface coating with microcracks. The microprobe analysis revealed the presence of the following elements (%) in groups ERO+F, ERO+no-F and no-ERO+F, respectively: Ca (69.9, 72.5, 66.25); P (25.9, 26.5, 26.06); Ti (3.0, 0, 5.93).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TiF(4) was unable to reduce dental erosion.
authors: Department of Child and Social Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of Araçatuba, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193 Araçatuba, SP 16015-050, Brazil.
authors: Ana Carolina
authors: AC
authors: Magalhães
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Rios
authors: Heitor Marques
authors: HM
authors: Honório
authors: Alberto Moreira
authors: AM
authors: Jorge
authors: Alberto Carlos Botazzo
authors: AC
authors: Delbem
authors: Marília Afonso Rabelo
authors: MA
authors: Buzalaf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D014025:Titanium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D014025:Titanium; D005459:Fluorides; C032240:titanium tetrafluoride