title: When sentinel lymph node is intramammary.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sentinel lymph node biopsy is an accepted standard of care for staging the axilla in patients with early-stage breast cancer. Little attention has been placed to the presence of intramammary sentinel lymph nodes (intraMSLNs) on preoperative lymphoscintigraphy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between December 2001 and September 2006, in 9632 breast cancer patients with clinically uninvolved axillary nodes, lymphoscintigraphy was performed at the European Institute of Oncology (EIO). An axillary SLN (axSLN) was identified in 99.4% of cases. An intraMSLN was identified in association with the axillary sentinel lymph node in 22 patients (0.2%). In 15 cases both the axSLN and the intraMSLN were excised.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intraMSLN was positive in six patients (micrometastatic in three cases). The axSLNs were negative in all 15 cases. Two patients with positive intraMSLNs and one patient with a negative intraMSLN underwent axillary dissection; all three cases had negative axillary nodes. At a median follow-up of 24 months, no locoregional or systemic recurrences were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Positive intraMSLNs can improve disease staging but do not necessarily portend axillary lymph node metastasis. When intraMSLNs and axSLNs are present, we advocate biopsy of both sites and that management of the axilla should rely on axSLN status. In cases with intraMSLNs as the only draining site on lymphoscintigraphy, decisions on axillary management should be made on individualized basis.
authors: Breast Surgery Department, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, MI 20141, Italy. mattia.intra@ieo.it
authors: Mattia
authors: M
authors: Intra
authors: Carlos A
authors: CA
authors: Garcia-Etienne
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Renne
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Trifirò
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Rotmensz
authors: Oreste D
authors: OD
authors: Gentilini
authors: Viviana
authors: V
authors: Galimberti
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Sagona
authors: Denise
authors: D
authors: Mattar
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Sangalli
authors: Giovanna
authors: G
authors: Gatti
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Luini
authors: Umberto
authors: U
authors: Veronesi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid