title: Mobile phone exposure does not induce apoptosis on spermatogenesis in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some studies have reported that microwave radiation can have adverse effects on reproduction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of mobile phone exposure on spermatogonia in seminiferous tubules.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out on 31 Wistar albino adult male rats. The rats were separated into three groups in this study (cage control: 10, sham group: 7, and exposed group: 14). For the study group, rats were exposed to radiation 2 h/day (7 days/week) for 10 months. For the sham group, rats were placed into the carousel and the same procedure was applied except that the generator was turned off. For the cage control, nothing was applied to the rats in this group and they completed their life cycle in the cage during the study period. In this study, rats were sacrificed after 10 months of exposure and their testes were taken. Testes tissue was immunohistochemically stained for the active (cleaved) caspase-3. Positively stained cells were counted in up to ten different areas, and the frequency of positive cells was determined in percentage. Scoring was done by taking into account both the intensity of staining and the distribution of positively stained cells. Therefore, protein expression was evaluated by a semiquantitative scoring system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final score for apoptosis of testes in the exposed group was not statistically significant according to the sham and the cage control groups (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study showed that 2 h/day (7 days/week) exposure of 900 MHz radiation over a period of 10 months does not affect the active (cleaved) caspase-3 levels in testes, a well-known feature of typical apoptosis.
authors: Department of Biophysics, Medical School of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey. dasdag@dicle.edu.tr
authors: Suleyman
authors: S
authors: Dasdag
authors: M Zulkuf
authors: MZ
authors: Akdag
authors: Engin
authors: E
authors: Ulukaya
authors: Ali Kemal
authors: AK
authors: Uzunlar
authors: Dilek
authors: D
authors: Yegin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D040421:Cell Phone; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000528:radiation effects*