title: Alveolar interleukin-10 regulates neutrophil apoptosis in severely traumatized patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The lung produces a localized immunologic response to systemic trauma, characterized by an initial proinflammatory period with production of interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-18, followed by an anti-inflammatory phase with elevated levels of IL-10. Recent studies have shown a correlation between alveolar IL-10 and the rate of local neutrophil apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to further characterize the association of alveolar IL-8 and IL-10 after trauma with neutrophil activation, apoptosis, and phagocytic capacity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained from 17 trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score >/=16 who required mechanical ventilation. Neutrophils from venous blood of healthy volunteers were incubated in either (1) cell culture media (control), (2) culture media + BALF, (3) culture media + BALF + anti-IL-8 neutralizing antibody, or (4) culture media + BALF + anti-IL-10. Surface CD11b expression, ability to phagocytose fluorescent bacteria, and neutrophil apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phagocytosis and CD11b expression were both augmented on postinjury day 1 when compared with controls. Neutralization of IL-10 or IL-8 produced no significant differences in phagocytosis or CD11b expression. However, neutralization of IL-10 significantly decreased the rate of apoptosis in samples from postinjury day 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phagocytosis and CD11b expression on neutrophils are IL-8 and IL-10 independent. However, our data indicate that alveolar neutrophil apoptosis is dependent on IL-10 at early time points after injury. Elucidation of this pathway may allow novel interventions to prevent posttraumatic pulmonary dysfunction.
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Turina
authors: J Jason
authors: JJ
authors: Hoth
authors: Ryan M
authors: RM
authors: Turpen
authors: Melanie J
authors: MJ
authors: Scott
authors: William G
authors: WG
authors: Cheadle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology*; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000276:immunology*; D012016:Reference Values; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D016753:Interleukin-10