title: Fast DRR splat rendering using common consumer graphics hardware.
abstract: Digitally rendered radiographs (DRR) are a vital part of various medical image processing applications such as 2D/3D registration for patient pose determination in image-guided radiotherapy procedures. This paper presents a technique to accelerate DRR creation by using conventional graphics hardware for the rendering process. DRR computation itself is done by an efficient volume rendering method named wobbled splatting. For programming the graphics hardware, NVIDIAs C for Graphics (Cg) is used. The description of an algorithm used for rendering DRRs on the graphics hardware is presented, together with a benchmark comparing this technique to a CPU-based wobbled splatting program. Results show a reduction of rendering time by about 70%-90% depending on the amount of data. For instance, rendering a volume of 2 x 10(6) voxels is feasible at an update rate of 38 Hz compared to 6 Hz on a common Intel-based PC using the graphics processing unit (GPU) of a conventional graphics adapter. In addition, wobbled splatting using graphics hardware for DRR computation provides higher resolution DRRs with comparable image quality due to special processing characteristics of the GPU. We conclude that DRR generation on common graphics hardware using the freely available Cg environment is a major step toward 2D/3D registration in clinical routine.
authors: University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria.
authors: Jakob
authors: J
authors: Spoerk
authors: Helmar
authors: H
authors: Bergmann
authors: Felix
authors: F
authors: Wanschitz
authors: Shuo
authors: S
authors: Dong
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Birkfellner
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003196:Computer Graphics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016287:Computer Peripherals; D003201:Computers; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D016011:Normal Distribution; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D014584:User-Computer Interface