title: Tissue expression and enzymologic characterization of human prostate specific membrane antigen and its rat and pig orthologs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), also called glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), is a target enzyme for diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Moreover, it is upregulated in the vasculature of most solid tumors and is therefore a potential target for the generation of novel antineoplastics. In this context, we analyze the possibility of using rat and pig as animal models for enzymologic and in vivo studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prepared the recombinant extracellular part of human, rat, and pig GCPII in S2 cell media and characterized the activity and inhibition profiles of the three orthologs by radioenzymatic assay. We performed Western blot analysis of GCPII expression in human, rat, and pig tissues using the monoclonal antibody GCP-04 and confirmed these findings by activity measurements and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The three recombinant proteins show similar specific enzymatic activities and inhibition profiles. Tissue expression analysis revealed that most of the pig and human tissues show at least some GCPII-positivity, while the expression pattern in rat is more restricted. Moreover, tissues such as prostate and testes exhibit different GCPII expression levels among the species studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rat and pig orthologs of GCPII seem to be suitable to approximate human GCPII in enzymologic studies. However, the diffuse expression pattern of GCPII in animal and human tissues could be a caveat for the potential utilization of GCPII-targeted anticancer drugs. Furthermore, variations in GCPII tissue distribution among the species studied should be considered when using rat or pig as models for antineoplastic drug discovery.
authors: Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors: Miroslava
authors: M
authors: Rovenská
authors: Klára
authors: K
authors: Hlouchová
authors: Pavel
authors: P
authors: Sácha
authors: Petra
authors: P
authors: Mlcochová
authors: Vratislav
authors: V
authors: Horák
authors: Josef
authors: J
authors: Zámecník
authors: Cyril
authors: C
authors: Barinka
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Konvalinka
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011467:Prostate / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013045:Species Specificity; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D013737:Testis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen