title: Outcomes in adult and pediatric liver transplantation among various ethnic groups.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The reported patient and graft survivals among adults post-orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) are variable, with an apparent discrepancy between ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ethnicity on patient and graft survivals among adult and pediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis from the UNOS/OPTN databank between January 1995 and December 2006 was performed on adult and pediatric liver transplant recipients. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on ethnicity: African Americans, Hispanic, Caucasians, and other. Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis was used to calculate patient and graft survival. Log-rank tests were used to compare survival rates between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our study 42,710 OLT patients were included in the analysis, 90% of whom were adults. Of the 38,639 adult recipients, 29,432 (76.1%) were Caucasian, 4369 (11.3%) were Hispanic, 2963 (7.7%) were African American, and the remaining 1875 (4.9%) were of other ethnicities. KM estimates and Cox regression analyses demonstrated that there was a significant ethnic difference in both patient and graft survivals at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years. African Americans showed a lower rate (P<.001). Of the 4341 pediatric recipients, 2461 (56.7%) were Caucasian, 797 (18.4%) were Hispanic, 824 (18.9%) were African American, and the remaining 259 (5.9%) were of other ethnicities. Unlike the adults, there were no significant differences among ethnic groups in terms of patient (P=.31) and graft (P=.33) survival at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years after OLT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results showed that adult African American OLT patients have a reduced transplantation rate and a worse survival rate when compared with other ethnicities in the adult but not in the pediatric population. This information suggests that further studies are indicated to identify the causes of racial differences in transplant access and outcomes in the adult patient population.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0595, USA.
authors: G W
authors: GW
authors: Neff
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Kemmer
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kaiser
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Zacharias
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Majoras
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Safdar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D005006:Ethnicity; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000401:mortality / Q000502:physiology*; D009820:Ohio; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001741:Black or African American