title: Investigating the relationship between the practice of pharmaceutical care, construed external image, organizational identification, and job turnover intention of community pharmacists.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pharmacy employers are being challenged to recruit and retain qualified employees.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our study hypothesized that pharmacists who practice pharmaceutical care have an attractive construed external image (how employees think outsiders view their organization), which strengthens their organizational identification (perceptions of oneness with or belongingness to the organization) and decreases job turnover intention (thoughts of quitting/searching for another job).
  
  
  METHODS
  A 7-page questionnaire was mailed to the homes of a random sample of 759 licensed pharmacists practicing in the United States. Participants had the option of returning the completed survey via postal mail or a Web site. The study variables were measured with previously validated scales. Structural equation modeling with latent variables evaluated the hypothesized relationships. Several demographic variables were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Responses were received from 252 subjects (33%); 121 were community pharmacists. As hypothesized, organizational identification and job turnover intention were significantly related (B=-0.24) as well as construed external image and organizational identification (B=0.41). The practice of pharmaceutical care and construed external image were not significantly correlated (B=0.10). Although not hypothesized, construed external image was directly related to job turnover intention (B=-0.25). The effects of the practice of pharmaceutical care on job turnover intention were mediated through organizational identification. Position had significant effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One additional benefit to the practice of pharmaceutical care may be strengthened organizational identification. Pharmacists' perception of the image of their employer may increase organizational identification and decrease job turnover intention. An understanding of the organizational identification of pharmacists would be useful in decreasing job turnover intention. Given the current demand for pharmacists, this is a worthwhile endeavor. Future research should focus on other predictors of construed external image and ways to enhance organizational identification. Encouraging the practice of pharmaceutical care may be 1 such way.
authors: Ambulatory Care, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
authors: Jessica L
authors: JL
authors: O'Neill
authors: Caroline A
authors: CA
authors: Gaither
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003625:Data Collection; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015279:Organizational Culture; D010563:Personnel Turnover / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services / Q000592:standards*; D010594:Pharmacies; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000523:psychology*; D018401:Sample Size; D012649:Self Concept; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D000078329:Workforce