title: Dopamine inhibits basal prolactin release in pituitary lactotrophs through pertussis toxin-sensitive and -insensitive signaling pathways.
abstract: Dopamine D2 receptors signal through the pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G(i/o) and PTX-insensitive G(z) proteins, as well as through a G protein-independent, beta-arrestin/glycogen synthase kinase-3-dependent pathway. Activation of these receptors in pituitary lactotrophs leads to inhibition of prolactin (PRL) release. It has been suggested that this inhibition occurs through the G(i/o)-alpha protein-mediated inhibition of cAMP production and/or G(i/o)-betagamma dimer-mediated activation of inward rectifier K(+) channels and inhibition of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. Here we show that the dopamine agonist-induced inhibition of spontaneous Ca(2+) influx and release of prestored PRL was preserved when cAMP levels were elevated by forskolin treatment. We further observed that dopamine agonists inhibited both spontaneous and depolarization-induced Ca(2+) influx in untreated but not in PTX-treated cells. This inhibition was also observed in cells with blocked inward rectifier K(+) channels, suggesting that the dopamine effect on voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel gating is sufficient to inhibit spontaneous Ca(2+) influx. However, agonist-induced inhibition of PRL release was only partially relieved in PTX-treated cells, indicating that dopamine receptors also inhibit exocytosis downstream of voltage-gated Ca(2+) influx. The PTX-insensitive step in agonist-induced inhibition of PRL release was not affected by the addition of wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and lithium, an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3, but was attenuated in the presence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which inhibits G(z) signaling pathway in a protein kinase C-dependent manner. Thus, dopamine inhibits basal PRL release by blocking voltage-gated Ca(2+) influx through the PTX-sensitive signaling pathway and by desensitizing Ca(2+) secretion coupling through the PTX-insensitive and protein kinase C-sensitive signaling pathway.
authors: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-4510, USA.
authors: Arturo E
authors: AE
authors: Gonzalez-Iglesias
authors: Takayo
authors: T
authors: Murano
authors: Shuo
authors: S
authors: Li
authors: Melanija
authors: M
authors: Tomić
authors: Stanko S
authors: SS
authors: Stojilkovic
mesh_terms: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008094:Lithium / Q000494:pharmacology; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000378:metabolism*; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / Q000502:physiology; D011388:Prolactin / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000730:Androstadienes; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D011388:Prolactin; D008094:Lithium; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium; D004298:Dopamine; D000077191:Wortmannin