title: [Effects of follicle stimulating hormone on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of ovarian carcinoma cells: an in vitro experiment].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ovarian cancer cells of the lines SKOV-3 and ES-2 were cultured, and treated by FSH of the concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mU/ml for 48 h or 24 h respectively. The cells without FSH treatment were used as control cells. The proliferative effects of the cells were detected by MTT colorimetry. The apoptosis and cell cycle were examined by flow cytometry. The matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) protein levels in the supernatant were determined by zymography. The cytoplasm levels of MMP-2 protein in cells were tested by Western blotting. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of MMP-2 mRNA in cells. The migration and invasion of the cells were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The a values of the SKOV-3 treated with FSH of the concentrations of 10 - 160 mU/ml were all significantly higher than those without FSH treatment (all P < 0.01). The apoptosis rates of the SKOV-3 treated with FSH of the concentrations 10 - 160 mU/ml were (0.94 +/- 0.06)%, (0.71 +/- 0.03)%, (0.22 +/- 0.02)%, (0.32 +/- 0.02)%, and (0.55 +/- 0.05)% respectively, all significantly lower than those without FSH treatment [(1.30 +/- 0.10)%, all P < 0.01]. After treatment with FSH of the concentrations 40 to 160 mU/ml the percentages of the SKOV-3 at the stage G(0)/G(1) gradually decreased and the cells at the stage S gradually increased compared with the control groups (all P < 0.05). The MMP-2 mRNA and protein expression levels of the SKOV-3 increased with the concentration increase of FSH (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Boyden chamber invasive assay showed that the numbers of the SKOV-3 that penetrated the basement membrane were (157 +/- 20)/hp (x200), significantly higher than those of the control groups [(27 +/- 9)/hp, P < 0.01]. Scarification test showed that the distance between scratches of the FSH-treated SKOV-3 cells was significantly shorter than that of the control group (P < 0.01). FSH also induced similar results in ES-2 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FSH induces the proliferation, migration, and invasion and suppresses the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells.
authors: Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: Yu-Qing
authors: YQ
authors: Zhao
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Su
authors: Shu-Jun
authors: SJ
authors: Gao
authors: Hong-Yan
authors: HY
authors: Jin
authors: You-Ji
authors: YJ
authors: Feng
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2