title: Bayesian kernel methods for analysis of functional neuroimages.
abstract: We propose an approach to analyzing functional neuroimages in which 1) regions of neuronal activation are described by a superposition of spatial kernel functions, the parameters of which are estimated from the data and 2) the presence of activation is detected by means of a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT). Kernel methods have become a staple of modern machine learning. Herein, we show that these techniques show promise for neuroimage analysis. In an on-off design, we model the spatial activation pattern as a sum of an unknown number of kernel functions of unknown location, amplitude, and/or size. We employ two Bayesian methods of estimating the kernel functions. The first is a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation method based on a Reversible-Jump Markov-chain Monte-Carlo (RJMCMC) algorithm that searches for both the appropriate model complexity and parameter values. The second is a relevance vector machine (RVM), a kernel machine that is known to be effective in controlling model complexity (and thus discouraging overfitting). In each method, after estimating the activation pattern, we test for local activation using a GLRT. We evaluate the results using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for simulated neuroimaging data and example results for real fMRI data. We find that, while RVM and RJMCMC both produce good results, RVM requires far less computation time, and thus appears to be the more promising of the two approaches.
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
authors: Ana S
authors: AS
authors: Lukic
authors: Miles N
authors: MN
authors: Wernick
authors: Dimitris G
authors: DG
authors: Tzikas
authors: Xu
authors: X
authors: Chen
authors: Aristidis
authors: A
authors: Likas
authors: Nikolas P
authors: NP
authors: Galatsanos
authors: Yongyi
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: Fuqiang
authors: F
authors: Zhao
authors: Stephen C
authors: SC
authors: Strother
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008390:Markov Chains; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009716:Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013997:Time Factors