Melatonin ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation, proteinuria, and progression of renal damage in rats with renal mass reduction.
The progressive deterioration of renal function and structure resulting from renal mass reduction are mediated by a variety of mechanisms, including oxidative stress and inflammation. Melatonin, the major product of the pineal gland, has potent_antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and its production is impaired in chronic renal failure. We therefore investigated if melatonin treatment would modify the course of chronic renal failure in the remnant kidney model. We studied rats followed 12 wk after renal ablation untreated (Nx group, n = 7) and treated with melatonin administered in the drinking water (10 mg/100 ml) (Nx + MEL group, n = 8). Sham-operated rats (n = 10) were used as controls. Melatonin administration increased 13-15 times the endogenous hormone levels. Rats in the Nx + MEL group had reduced oxidative stress (malondialdehyde levels in plasma and in the remnant kidney as well as nitrotyrosine renal abundance) and renal inflammation (p65 nuclear factor-kappaB-positive renal interstitial cells and infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages). Collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and transforming growth factor-beta renal abundance were all increased in the remnant kidney of the untreated rats and were reduced significantly by melatonin treatment. Deterioration of renal function (plasma creatinine and proteinuria) and structure (glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial damage) resulting from renal ablation were ameliorated significantly with melatonin treatment. In conclusion, melatonin administration improves the course of chronic renal failure in rats with renal mass reduction. Further studies are necessary to define the potential usefulness of this treatment in other animal models and in patients with chronic renal disease.
Quiroz
Yasmir
Y
Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas-Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
Ferrebuz
Atilio
A
Romero
Freddy
F
Vaziri
Nosratola D
ND
Rodriguez-Iturbe
Bernardo
B
D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D024141:Collagen Type IV / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008550:Melatonin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009392:Nephrectomy; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000652:urine*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
D000199:Actins; D024141:Collagen Type IV; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003404:Creatinine; D008550:Melatonin