title: The xanthophyll cycle pigments in Secale cereale leaves under combined Cd and high light stress conditions.
abstract: Leaves of Secale cereale seedlings were exposed to high light illumination (1200micromolm(-2)s(-1)) and Cd ions at 5 or 50microM concentrations. Influence of these stress factors on violaxanthin cycle pigments content was analysed chromatographically. Chlorophyll a fluorescence induction was used to analyse response of PSII to stress conditions and contribution of light-harvesting complex (LHCII) in non-photochemical quenching of excitation energy. The Cd-induced all-trans violaxanthin isomerization was analysed by HPLC technique in acetonitrile:methanol:water (72:8:3, v/v) solvent mixture. Interestingly, in the control and Cd-treated leaves subjected to high light, photochemical utilization of absorbed energy increased. This indicates plant adaptation to high light stress. In control plants high light caused zeaxanthin formation, however, the presence of Cd in the nutrient solution resulted in reduction of the second step of violaxanthin de-epoxidation process and anteraxanthin accumulation. In this study we have also shown, that non-photochemical quenching can be independent of anteraxanthin and zeaxanthin content. The particular increase in the cis isomers fraction in Cd-treated leaves has been explained in terms of a direct metal-pigment interaction as confirmed by Cd-induced all-trans violaxanthin isomerization in organic solvent, leading to formation of 13-cis, 9-cis and 15-cis isomers.
authors: Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland. ejanik@biotop.umcs.lublin.pl
authors: Ewa
authors: E
authors: Janik
authors: Wojciech
authors: W
authors: Grudziński
authors: Wiesław I
authors: WI
authors: Gruszecki
authors: Zbigniew
authors: Z
authors: Krupa
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D007536:Isomerism; D008027:Light; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012434:Secale / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D024341:Xanthophylls; D002104:Cadmium; C005613:violaxanthin