title: An improved computer-aided diagnosis scheme using the nearest neighbor criterion for determining histological classification of clustered microcalcifications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to evaluate the potential usefulness of the nearest neighbor case which was assumed to be the similar case in a CAD scheme for determining the histological classification of clustered microcalcifications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our database consisted of current and previous magnification mammograms obtained from 93 patients before and after three-month follow-up examination. It included 11 invasive carcinomas, 19 noninvasive carcinomas of the comedo type, 25 non-invasive carcinomas of the noncomedo type, 23 mastopathies, and 15 fibroadenomas. Six objective features on clustered microcalcifications were first extracted from each of the current and the previous images. The nearest neighbor case was then identified by the Euclidean distance in the previous and current feature-space. The histological classification of an unknown new case in question was assumed to be the same as that of the nearest neighbor case which has the shortest Euclidean distance in our database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The classification accuracies were 90.9% for invasive carcinoma, 89.5% for noninvasive carcinoma of the comedo type, 96.0% for noninvasive carcinoma of the noncomedo type, 82.6% for mastopathy, and 93.3% for fibroadenoma. These results were substantially higher than those with our previous CAD scheme.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nearest neighbor criterion was useful in a CAD scheme for determining the histological classification.
authors: Department of Radiology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan. nakayama@clin.medic.mie-u.ac.jp
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Nakayama
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Watanabe
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Namba
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Takeda
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Yamamoto
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Katsuragawa
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Doi
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology*; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*; D019992:Databases as Topic; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D006652:Histological Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008327:Mammography; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010865:Pilot Projects