title: Glutathione level regulates HNE-induced genotoxicity in human erythroleukemia cells.
abstract: 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE) is one of the most abundant and toxic lipid aldehydes formed during lipid peroxidation by reactive oxygen species. We have investigated the genotoxic effects of HNE and its regulation by cellular glutathione (GSH) levels in human erythroleukemia (K562) cells. Incubation of K562 cells with HNE (5-10 microM) significantly elicited a 3- to 5-fold increased DNA damage in a time- and dose-dependent manner as measured by comet assay. Depletion of GSH in cells by L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO) significantly increased HNE-induced DNA damage, whereas supplementation of GSH by incubating the cells with GSH-ethyl ester significantly decreased HNE-induced genotoxicity. Further, overexpression of mGSTA4-4, a HNE-detoxifying GST isozyme, significantly prevented HNE-induced DNA damage in cells, and ablation of GSTA4-4 and aldose reductase with respective siRNAs further augmented HNE-induced DNA damage. These results suggest that the genotoxicity of HNE is highly dependent on cellular GSH/GST/AR levels and favorable modulation of the aldehyde detoxification system may help in controlling the oxidative stress-induced complications.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0647, USA.
authors: Umesh C S
authors: UC
authors: Yadav
authors: Kota V
authors: KV
authors: Ramana
authors: Yogesh C
authors: YC
authors: Awasthi
authors: Satish K
authors: SK
authors: Srivastava
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000633:toxicity*; D020552:Comet Assay; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D020014:K562 Cells; D004915:Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009153:Mutagens; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D009153:Mutagens; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal