title: Granulosa cell survival and proliferation are altered in polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) represents the most common endocrine abnormality in women of reproductive age. The cause of PCOS remains largely unknown, but studies suggest an intrinsic ovarian abnormality.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to test our hypothesis that differences in granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis may underlie abnormalities that affect follicular development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Granulosa cells were prepared from follicular fluid aspirated from 4- to 8-mm follicles of unstimulated ovaries during routine laparoscopy or laparotomy from women with anovulatory PCOS and those with regular ovulatory cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen women with anovulatory PCOS and nine women with regular ovulatory cycles participated in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunocytochemistry on granulosa cells to investigate apoptotic and proliferation rates, together with real-time RT-PCR to analyze gene expression profiles of apoptotic regulators, was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly lower apoptotic rates were found in granulosa cells from patients with PCOS, compared with women with regular ovulatory cycles (P=0.004). Lower apoptotic rates were associated with decreased levels of the apoptotic effector caspase-3 (P=0.001) and increased levels of the anti-apoptotic survival factor cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins-2 in the PCOS group that were coupled to higher proliferation rates (P=0.032). Gene expression profiling confirmed the immunocytochemical findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that there are significant differences in the rate of cell death and proliferation in granulosa cell populations in PCOS patients. These are associated with decreased expression of apoptotic effectors and increased expression of a cell survival factor. These results provide new insights that may be useful in developing specific therapeutic intervention strategies in PCOS.
authors: Academic Department of Women's Health, Barts and The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine, University of London, and Newham University Hospital National Health Service Trust, London, UK.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Das
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Djahanbakhch
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Hacihanefioglu
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Saridogan
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ikram
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Ghali
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Raveendran
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Storey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D005260:Female; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000473:pathology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen