title: Combination of allopurinol and hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a new treatment in experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the individual and combined effects of allopurinol and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on biochemical and histopathological changes, oxidative stress, and bacterial translocation (BT) in the experimental rat acute pancreatitis (AP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were included in the study. Fifteen of the eighty-five rats were used as controls (sham, Group I). AP was induced via intraductal taurocholate infusion in the remaining seventy rats. Rats that survived to induction of acute necrotizing pancreatitis were randomized into four groups. Group II received saline, Group III allopurinol, Group IV allopurinol plus HBO and Group V HBO alone. Serum amylase levels, oxidative stress parameters, BT and histopathologic scores were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum amylase levels were lower in Groups III, IV and V compared to Group II (974 +/- 110, 384 +/- 40, 851 +/- 56, and 1664 +/- 234 U/L, respectively, P < 0.05, for all). Combining the two treatment options revealed significantly lower median [25-75 percentiles] histopathological scores when compared to individual administrations (13 [12.5-15] in allopurinol group, 9.5 [7-11.75] in HBO group, and 6 [4.5-7.5] in combined group, P < 0.01). Oxidative stress markers were significantly better in all treatment groups compared to the controls. Bacterial translocation into the pancreas and mesenteric lymph nodes was lower in Groups III, IV and V compared to Group II (54%, 23%, 50% vs 100% for translocation to pancreas, and 62%, 46%, 58% vs 100% for translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes, respectively, P < 0.05 for all).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study confirms the benefit of HBO and allopurinol treatment when administered separately in experimental rat AP. Combination of these treatment options appears to prevent progression of pancreatic injury parameters more effectively.
authors: Division of Intensive Care, Departments of Internal Medicine, Gulhane School of Medicine, GATA Geriatri BD, Etlik, Ankara 06018, Turkey.
authors: Bilgin
authors: B
authors: Comert
authors: Ahmet Turan
authors: AT
authors: Isik
authors: Sezai
authors: S
authors: Aydin
authors: Ergun
authors: E
authors: Bozoglu
authors: Bulent
authors: B
authors: Unal
authors: Salih
authors: S
authors: Deveci
authors: Nuket
authors: N
authors: Mas
authors: Esref
authors: E
authors: Cinar
authors: Mehmet Refik
authors: MR
authors: Mas
mesh_terms: D000493:Allopurinol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000681:Amylases / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D018988:Bacterial Translocation; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation / Q000379:methods*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010179:Pancreas / Q000382:microbiology; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013656:Taurocholic Acid
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D013656:Taurocholic Acid; D000493:Allopurinol; D000681:Amylases