title: Management of diabetes in pregnancy: comparison of guidelines with current practice at Austrian and Australian obstetric center.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare Austrian and Australian national guidelines for gestational and pre-gestational diabetes and estimate the level to which physicians comply with their country's guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Austrian (ODG, Austrian Diabetes Society) and Australian guidelines (ADIPS, Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society) for the treatment of gestational diabetes and pre-gestational diabetes were systematically reviewed. Current practices in two obstetric centers in Austria and Australia were assessed by interviewing key stakeholders through questionnaires assessing different components of diabetes care. For gestational diabetes, these components were screening, abnormal oral glucose tolerance test values (mmol/L), abnormal values for diagnosis, further management when abnormal values are detected, monitoring/glucose targets (mmol/L), further management and indications for insulin therapy, route and timing of delivery, and postpartum management and counseling. For pre-gestational diabetes, the components were management during the preconceptional period, glucose target values, medical surveillance, obstetric surveillance, medication used, route and timing of delivery, and postpartum management and counseling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More variation was found in the management of gestational than pre-gestational diabetes. There were differences in oral glucose tolerance test and cut-off levels for diagnosing gestational diabetes in both centers and guidelines. Australian guidelines recommended two-stage screening for gestational diabetes, while Austrian guidelines recommended one-stage screening. At the Austrian obstetric center, amniocentesis was recommended for determining the start of insulin treatment in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. This approach was neither used at the Australian obstetric center nor recommended by any of the two guidelines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed that it was difficult to standardize screening criteria and diagnostic methods for gestational and pre-gestational diabetes. National and international consensus has yet to be achieved in the management of diabetes in pregnancy.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, A-8036, Graz, Austria. willibald.zeck@meduni-graz.at
authors: Willibald
authors: W
authors: Zeck
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Panzitt
authors: Dietmar
authors: D
authors: Schlembach
authors: Uwe
authors: U
authors: Lang
authors: David
authors: D
authors: McIntyre
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D001317:Austria; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D009775:Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose