title: Impression management or real change? Reports of depressive symptoms before and after the preoperative psychological evaluation for bariatric surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many bariatric surgery programs require that candidates undergo a preoperative mental health evaluation. Candidates may be motivated to suppress or exaggerate psychiatric symptoms (i.e., engage in impression management), if they believe doing so will enhance their chances of receiving a recommendation to proceed with surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  237 candidates for bariatric surgery completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-ll) as part of their preoperative psychological evaluation (Time 1). They also completed the BDI-II approximately 2-4 weeks later, for research purposes, after they had received the mental health professional's unconditional recommendation to proceed with surgery (Time 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a small but statistically significant increase in mean BDI-II scores from Time 1 to Time 2 (11.4 vs 12.7, P<.001). Clinically significant changes, defined as a change from one range of symptom severity to another, were observed in 31.2% of participants, with significant increases in symptoms occurring nearly twice as often as reductions (20.7% vs 10.5%, P<.008). Demographic variables were largely unrelated to changes in BDI-II scores from Time 1 to Time 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approximately one-third of bariatric surgery candidates reported a clinically significant change in depressive symptoms after receiving psychological "clearance" for surgery. Possible explanations for these findings include measurement error, impression management, and true changes in psychiatric status.
authors: Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3309, USA. fabricat@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors: Anthony N
authors: AN
authors: Fabricatore
authors: David B
authors: DB
authors: Sarwer
authors: Thomas A
authors: TA
authors: Wadden
authors: Christopher J
authors: CJ
authors: Combs
authors: Jennifer L
authors: JL
authors: Krasucki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011581:Psychological Tests