title: Distraction osteogenesis of the midface.
abstract: Distraction osteogenesis has become an important part of pediatric oral and maxillofacial surgery. It is especially useful in the midface to overcome the perturbations of growth caused by congenital malformations, benign and malignant tumors, and traumatic injuries. Midfacial distraction osteogenesis can take various forms, depending on the exact anatomic site where it is applied in the midfacial skeleton. This article reviews the various locations in the midface in which distraction techniques might be used and highlights the important differences in application at these sites.
authors: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children S-525, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8; Bloorview MacMillan Children's Centre, 170 Kilgour Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4G 1R8; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Box 5281 FIN-90014, Finland.
authors: George K B
authors: GK
authors: Sándor
authors: Leena P
authors: LP
authors: Ylikontiola
authors: Willy
authors: W
authors: Serlo
authors: Robert P
authors: RP
authors: Carmichael
authors: Iain A
authors: IA
authors: Nish
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Daskalogiannakis