title: Environmental conditions for the formation of insoluble Tc in water ponds located above paddy fields.
abstract: Optimum conditions for the formation of insoluble Tc (Tc in >0.2 microm size fraction) were studied using a microcosm including water ponds above a paddy field to understand Tc behavior in such fields. In the microcosm, soluble TcO(4)(-) was converted to insoluble forms, but no changes in the form of Tc were observed in filtered microcosm samples which were microorganisms-free. The formation of insoluble Tc was inhibited by the addition of the antibiotic chloramphenicol. In addition, the reduction of soluble Tc(VII)O(4)(-) to low-valence oxide was not observed in the filtered microcosm samples, although reducing conditions were present. These results indicated that bacteria were involved in the formation of insoluble Tc. Since oxidizing conditions influence bacterial metabolism, the formation of insoluble Tc by bacteria was studied under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The results showed that anaerobic conditions were favorable for the formation of insoluble Tc. In addition, the addition of formate as an electron donor to a microcosm sample facilitated the formation of insoluble Tc. The results suggested that insoluble Tc in the water ponds above paddy fields was caused by bacteria, which were shown to couple the oxidation of formate to the reduction of Tc(VII) during anaerobic respiration.
authors: Office of Biospheric Assessment for Waste Disposal, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Japan. nobu@nirs.go.jp
authors: Nobuyoshi
authors: N
authors: Ishii
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Koiso
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Takeda
authors: Shigeo
authors: S
authors: Uchida
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D017753:Ecosystem; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007564:Japan; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis; D012995:Solubility; D013667:Technetium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive; D013667:Technetium