title: Humoral response profiling reveals pathways to prostate cancer progression.
abstract: There is considerable evidence for an association between prostate cancer development and inflammation, which results in autoantibody generation against tumor proteins. This immune system-driven amplification of the autoantibody response to intracellular antigens can serve as a sensitive tool to detect low abundance serum proteomic tumor markers for prostate cancer as well as provide insight into biological processes perturbed during cancer development. Here we examine serum humoral responses in a cohort of 34 patients with either benign prostatic hyperplasia or clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa). The experimental strategy couples multidimensional liquid-phase protein fractionation of localized and metastatic prostate cancer tissue lysates to protein microarrays and subsequent mass spectrometry. A supervised learning analysis of the humoral response arrays generated a parsimonious predictor having 78% sensitivity and 75% specificity in distinguishing PCa from benign prostatic hyperplasia in a cohort of American males with elevated prostate-specific antigen. Enrichment analysis of the PCa-specific humoral signature revealed large scale immune reprogramming mediated by STAT transcription factors and the generation of autoantibodies to enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism. Meta-analysis of independent prostate cancer gene expression data validated the presence of STAT-induced immunomodulation. Concomitant validation of elevated levels of the nitrogen metabolism pathway was obtained by direct measurement of metabolic levels of glutamate and aspartate in prostate cancer tissues. Thus, in addition to functioning as markers in prostate cancer detection, humoral response profiles can serve as powerful tools revealing pathway dysregulation that might otherwise be suppressed by the complexity of the cancer proteome.
authors: Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors: Barry S
authors: BS
authors: Taylor
authors: Manoj
authors: M
authors: Pal
authors: Jianjun
authors: J
authors: Yu
authors: Bharathi
authors: B
authors: Laxman
authors: Shanker
authors: S
authors: Kalyana-Sundaram
authors: Rong
authors: R
authors: Zhao
authors: Anjana
authors: A
authors: Menon
authors: John T
authors: JT
authors: Wei
authors: Alexey I
authors: AI
authors: Nesvizhskii
authors: Debashis
authors: D
authors: Ghosh
authors: Gilbert S
authors: GS
authors: Omenn
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Lubman
authors: Arul M
authors: AM
authors: Chinnaiyan
authors: Arun
authors: A
authors: Sreekumar
mesh_terms: D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000276:immunology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D020543:Proteome / Q000276:immunology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D020543:Proteome