title: Phosphorus levels are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in the general population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated serum phosphorus has been linked to mortality among patients with renal failure and in one study in the general population. The aim of our study was to examine the association of serum phosphorus level with carotid atherosclerosis in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined the association of serum phosphorus levels with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in 13,340 subjects 45-64 years old without known coronary heart disease, stroke, or renal disease from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phosphorus levels were significantly associated with age, female gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and fibrinogen levels (p < 0.0001 for each), but not with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Age- and sex-adjusted mean cIMT ranged from 0.718 to 0.736 mm for the lowest to the highest quintile of serum phosphorus (p-value for trend < 0.0001). This relationship was attenuated but remained statistically significant after adjustment for atherosclerotic risk factors and eGFR (trend p < 0.0001) in men but not in women. In a multivariable model, a one standard deviation increase in baseline serum phosphorus (0.48 mg/dL) was associated with a 0.012 mm increase in mean cIMT (p < 0.007) in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a population-based cohort of subjects free of overt cardiovascular and renal disease serum phosphorus was positively associated with cIMT independent of traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis and eGFR in men but not in women.
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
authors: Stephen J
authors: SJ
authors: Onufrak
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Bellasi
authors: Leslee J
authors: LJ
authors: Shaw
authors: Charles A
authors: CA
authors: Herzog
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Cardarelli
authors: Peter W
authors: PW
authors: Wilson
authors: Viola
authors: V
authors: Vaccarino
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Raggi
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood*; D012306:Risk; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus; D002784:Cholesterol