title: Separation and aquatic toxicity of enantiomers of 1-(substituted phenoxyacetoxy)alkylphosphonate herbicides.
abstract: A series of organophosphorous compounds (OPs), 1-(substituted phenoxyacetoxy)alkylphosphonates containing a chiral carbon atom, show notable herbicidal activities. In this study, the enantioselective separation and biological toxicity of all these compounds were investigated. The enantioselective separation on the columns of Chiralpak AD, Chiralpak AS, Chiralcel OD, and Chiralcel OJ were compared under various chromatographic conditions. All the analytes investigated obtained baseline resolution (R(s) > 1.5) on Chiralpak AD column, which showed best chiral separation capacity. Further investigation was carried out on Chiralpak AD to evaluate the influence of the mobile phase composition and column temperature. The effect of the structural features on discrimination was also examined. The resolved enantiomers were distinguished by their signs of circular dichroism. The acute aquatic toxicity of enantiomers and racemate to Daphnia magna (D. magna) were assessed. The in vivo assays showed that compound 3 was about 2-148.5 times more toxic than the other four analogues to D. magna. The racemates of compounds 3 and 5 showed intermediate toxicity compare to their enantiomers, while those of compounds 1, 2, and 4 showed synergistic or antagonistic effect. These results suggest that the biological toxicity of chiral OPs to nontarget organisms is enantioselective and therefore should be evaluated with their pure enantiomers.
authors: Research Center of Environmental Science, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
authors: Ling
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Shanshan
authors: S
authors: Zhou
authors: Meirong
authors: M
authors: Zhao
authors: Anping
authors: A
authors: Zhang
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Peng
authors: Xiaosong
authors: X
authors: Tan
authors: Chunmian
authors: C
authors: Lin
authors: Hongwu
authors: H
authors: He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000633:toxicity*; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000633:toxicity*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D063065:Organophosphonates; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014867:Water