title: Injectables in the prostate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Benign prostatic hyperplasia with associated symptoms and morbidity is increasingly common among aging men. Medical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms is the mainstay of therapy with progressive disease requiring more invasive intervention. Transurethral resection of the prostate remains a widely applied gold standard therapy. Numerous minimally invasive surgical therapy options have arisen and subsequently faded over recent years. Those remaining in use are largely positioned between pharmacological treatment and transurethral resection of the prostate. Intraprostatic injection therapy, the oldest minimally invasive surgical therapy, has been investigated for over 100 years with renewed interest recently. This review will provide some history of intraprostatic injection for benign prostatic hyperplasia including the most recent reports using transperineal, transrectal and transurethral routes with different injectables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For benign prostatic hyperplasia, transperineal and transurethral injection routes have received the most systematic evaluation. Intraprostatic injection of botulinum toxin type A has received much recent attention with regards to mechanism of action and efficacy. Anhydrous ethanol remains the most extensively studied injectable to date.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injection therapy remains a very promising minimally invasive surgical therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia with increased attention from the urologic community in recent years. Further experience both with systematic laboratory and clinical trials investigation will be necessary before widespread clinical adoption.
authors: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
authors: Arash M
authors: AM
authors: Saemi
authors: Mark K
authors: MK
authors: Plante
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional / Q000639:trends*; D008297:Male; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A