title: Comparison of the prevalence of enteric viruses in healthy dogs and those with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea by electron microscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate prevalence of enteric viruses in healthy dogs and to compare it with prevalences in dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Faecal samples were collected from 200 healthy dogs and examined by electron microscopy for presence of viral particles. Data were compared with viral prevalences that had been determined retrospectively by electron microscopy for 936 dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significantly more negative faecal samples among the healthy dogs (82.0 per cent) compared with 55.8 per cent in dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea (P<0.001). With a prevalence of 17.5 per cent, significantly more healthy dogs were shedding coronavirus compared with 11.6 per cent in dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea (P=0.034). Parvovirus was only detected in one healthy dog (0.5 per cent), thus with a prevalence that was significantly lower than 16.0 per cent detected in the dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea (P<0.001). Paramyxovirus was not found in any of the healthy dogs but was found in 9.3 per cent of dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that shedding of parvovirus and paramyxovirus is strongly associated with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea. However, coronavirus seems to be even more prevalent among healthy dogs, raising the need for further studies to investigate the strain-associated pathogenicity of this virus.
authors: Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539, Germany.
authors: B S
authors: BS
authors: Schulz
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Strauch
authors: R S
authors: RS
authors: Mueller
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Eichhorn
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Hartmann
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D017939:Coronavirus, Canine / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000662:veterinary; D010252:Paramyxoviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D017992:Parvovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors