Two modes of respiratory rhythm generation in the newborn rat brainstem-spinal cord preparation.
Two respiration-related rhythm generators, the pre-Bötzinger complex inspiratory and the parafacial pre-inspiratory rhythm generators, have been identified in the medulla of rodents that produce intrinsic periodic bursts. Although both generators can be independently active under specific conditions, they interact as a coupled oscillator system to regulate the respiratory rhythm. Here, we summarize different mechanisms of modulation of the respiratory rhythm in the brainstem-spinal cord preparation of newborn rats and discuss factors determining rhythm generator dominance. We show two different modes of respiratory rhythm generation in the brainstem-spinal cord preparation that depends on the background stimulation level.
Onimaru
Hiroshi
H
Showa University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology. oni@med.showa-u.ac.jp
Homma
Ikuo
I
D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D018846:Excitatory Amino Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013373:Substance P / Q000494:pharmacology
D018846:Excitatory Amino Acids; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D013373:Substance P; D011188:Potassium