Racial differences in physical activity associations among primary care patients.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the contributions of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, barriers, and demographic/health factors to physical activity behavior in primary care outpatients and to determine differences in these associations for African American versus Caucasian patients.


METHODS
Cross-sectional, structured interview.


METHODS
Adult internal medicine outpatients (n=393, response rate 88.5%) were enrolled. Most were female (70%) and Caucasian (62%) with a yearly household income <$20,000 (54%) and history of arthritis (57%). Mean age was 48.9+/-11.8 years and BMI was 30.9+/-8.16 kg/m2.


METHODS
A 30-minute structured interview assessed self-reported leisure-time physical activity, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, perceived barriers, and demographic/ health covariates.


RESULTS
Based on path analysis, social cognitive constructs accounted for 28% of the variance in physical activity in African American patients and 25% in Caucasian patients. After controlling for selected covariates, path analysis showed a direct association between self-efficacy and physical activity for African American (beta=.45, P<.01) and Caucasian patients (beta=.34, P<.01). Although higher self-efficacy was associated with higher outcome expectations for both groups (beta=.25, P<.05, beta=.21, P<.05, respectively), no direct association was found for outcome expectations with activity. Self-efficacy demonstrated an indirect association with activity through perceived barriers for Caucasian patients only.


CONCLUSIONS
Self-efficacy and perceived barriers were the most important independent correlates of physical activity with potential racial differences warranting further study noted.
Rogers
Laura Q
LQ
Department of Medicine, Southern Illinois University (SIU) School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794-9636, USA. lrogers@siumed.edu
McAuley
Edward
E
Courneya
Kerry S
KS
Humphries
Matthew C
MC
Gutin
Bernard
B
D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology*; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D010045:Outpatients / Q000523:psychology; D011203:Poverty / Q000208:ethnology; D011320:Primary Health Care; D020377:Self Efficacy; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology*