title: Development and validation of the college drinking influences survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors developed and validated measures of college drinking expectations, psychosocial influences, and values.
  
  
  METHODS
  Freshmen at college entry (N = 320) and the end of freshman year (N = 420) participated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The College Drinking Influences Survey, administered in paper and Web-based versions, consists of 3 distinct scales: (1) the College Drinking Expectations Scale assesses expectations for drinking norms and consequences; (2) the Psychosocial Drinking Inventory evaluates social influences, stress, and sensation seeking; and (3) the Drinking Values Scale assesses drinking decisions based on personal choice, social responsibility, and institutional obligation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analysis, interitem reliability, and correlations with existing instruments demonstrated validity and reliability. Differences between the sexes were in predicted directions, and multiple regression using subscale scores as predictors accounted for significant variance in drinking behaviors across the freshman year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data support the usefulness of the scales for identifying student alcohol risk and protective factors.
authors: Center for Ethics Education, Fordham University, New York City, USA. fisher@fordham.edu
authors: Celia B
authors: CB
authors: Fisher
authors: Adam L
authors: AL
authors: Fried
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Anushko
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D002755:Choice Behavior; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009014:Morals; D016134:Organizational Policy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities