title: Interstitial magnetic resonance lymphography: is it a new method for the diagnosis of lymphedema?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the method of interstitial magnetic resonance lymphography (MRL) as an examination for the depiction of the lymphatic system in humans in comparison with the method of direct X-ray lymphography.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 6 persons, 2 volunteers and 4 patients with clinical suspicion of lymphedema in lower extremities. We administered subcutaneous gadobutrol for the MRL with a volume of 5 mL composed of 4.5 mL of Gadobutrol mixed with 0.5 mL of lidocaine hydrochloride and after 7 days lipiodol in the lymph vessel for the X-ray direct lymphography (in 3 patients) in order to compare the findings of the two
  
  
  METHODS
  We then followed up all individuals for 7 days for any possible side effect of the contrast agents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using MRL, we depicted the lymphatic system (lymph vessels and inguinal lymph nodes) of volunteers in 60 min. Moreover, in patients we depicted several abnormalities of the lymphatic system including decreased number of lymph vessels, lymphocele and ectatic lymph vessels. X-ray direct lymphography confirmed the findings of the MRL in all cases. No side effects were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our pilot study, Gadobutrol seems to be a good contrast agent for the painless depiction of the lymphatic system in humans through interstitial MRL. More extensive studies are needed in order to establish the efficacy and the dosage of Gadobutrol.
authors: Vascular Unit, 2nd Department of Surgery, University of Athens, Aretaieion University Hospital, Athens, Greece. edimakakos@yahoo.gr
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Dimakakos
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Koureas
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Koutoulidis
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Skiadas
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Katsenis
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Arkadopoulos
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Gouliamos
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Vlachos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010865:Pilot Projects
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C090600:gadobutrol