title: After four hours of cold ischemia and cardioplegic protocol, the heart can still be rescued with postconditioning.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is evidence that ischemia lasting more than 4 hours affects cardiac allograft survival. Ischemia and reperfusion are associated with additional deleterious effects. Protective effects of preconditioning are already being used but protocols based on postconditioning have not been evaluated. We tested the impact of postconditioning on hearts maintained in the cold for a long period of total global ischemia and we compared the results with those obtained with pyruvate, a cardioprotective molecule.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated working rat hearts were subjected to a global total ischemia (4 h/4 degrees C), followed by 45 min of reperfusion. Postconditioning consisted of brief total global ischemia applied three times during the onset of reperfusion (ischemia: 30 sec, reperfusion: 30 sec). Superoxide anion production and collagen content were evaluated on cryosections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that postconditioning led to improvements in cardiac functions that were comparable to those conferred by pyruvate. Postconditioning reduced myocardial damage, gave better functional recovery, and better preserved the collagen content. It reduced the duration of arrhythmias at the onset of reperfusion. In the postconditioning group, this improvement was associated with a reduction in superoxide production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, our study showed that postconditioning induced good cardioprotective effects in a long cold (4 hr/4 degrees C) ischemia protocol and led to lower O2 production in part mediated by the reduction in NAPDH oxidase activity. It is interesting to note that, in our experimental conditions, the beneficial effects of postconditioning were comparable to those produced by pyruvate.
authors: Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire Expérimental, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, Dijon, France. benjaminlauzier@yahoo.com
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Lauzier
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Sicard
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Bouchot
authors: Stéphanie
authors: S
authors: Delemasure
authors: Franck
authors: F
authors: Menetrier
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Moreau
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Vergely
authors: Luc
authors: L
authors: Rochette
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac; D050377:Cold Ischemia; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D011182:Postoperative Care; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning
chemical_list: D013481:Superoxides; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D003094:Collagen; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D019255:NADPH Oxidases