title: Ginsenoside Rg1 and aluminum hydroxide synergistically promote immune responses to ovalbumin in BALB/c mice.
abstract: The combined adjuvant effect of ginsenoside Rg1 and aluminum hydroxide (alum) on immune responses to ovalbumin (OVA) in mice was investigated. BALB/c mice were subcutaneously (s.c.) inoculated twice with OVA alone or in combination with Rg1, alum, or Rg1 plus alum. Samples were collected 2 weeks after the boosting for the measurement of anti-OVA immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotypes in sera and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-5 (IL-5) produced in singular splenocyte cultures. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses were measured in mice immunized as described above. After 10 days, the mice were injected s.c. with OVA at the footpads. Thereafter, the thickness of the footpads was measured once daily for 5 days. The results indicated that alum enhanced mainly Th2 (IgG1 and IL-5) responses (P < 0.05), while Rg1 enhanced both Th1 (IgG1 and IL-5) and Th2 (IgG2a, IFN-gamma, and DTH) responses (P < 0.05). The highest immune responses were found in the mice injected with OVA solution containing both alum and Rg1. In addition, the hemolytic activity of Rg1 was much lower than that of Quil A. Therefore, Rg1 deserves further studies in order to tailor desired immune responses when a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response is needed.
authors: Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China.
authors: Jianhua
authors: J
authors: Sun
authors: Xiaoming
authors: X
authors: Song
authors: Songhua
authors: S
authors: Hu
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D006461:Hemolysis; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D036145:Ginsenosides; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D015848:Interleukin-5; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010047:Ovalbumin; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1