title: Interleukin-2, interleukin-12, and interferon-gamma levels and risk of young adult Hodgkin lymphoma.
abstract: Young adult Hodgkin lymphoma (YAHL) is associated clinically with altered immunity, including a systemic defect in cell-mediated responses. There is strong evidence of a genetic contribution to risk, so we hypothesized that heritable alterations in cytokine production associated with Th1 function may contribute to susceptibility. We identified twin pairs in whom at least one member had YAHL and measured interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels in PHA-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell supernatant in 90 case-twins, 84 of their disease-free twins (unaffected cotwins), and 90 matched controls. Mean difference and mean percentage difference in cytokine levels between case-twins and controls, and unaffected cotwins and controls were determined using analysis of covariance. YAHL case-twins and their unaffected cotwins had IL-12 levels that were 60.6% (P=.002) and 49% (P=.04) lower than those of their matched controls, respectively. IL-2 levels were significantly higher in case-twins (P=.049), but not unaffected cotwins (P=.57), compared with controls. Differences in IFN-gamma levels were not statistically significant in either comparison. An IL-12 polymorphism known to regulate expression was associated with a 2.8-fold (P=.03) increase in YAHL risk. Thus, both case-twins and their unaffected cotwins had a decreased ability to produce IL-12, which may contribute to YAHL susceptibility.
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-9175, USA. wcozen@usc.edu
authors: Wendy
authors: W
authors: Cozen
authors: Parkash S
authors: PS
authors: Gill
authors: Muhammad T
authors: MT
authors: Salam
authors: Alexandra
authors: A
authors: Nieters
authors: Rizwan
authors: R
authors: Masood
authors: Myles G
authors: MG
authors: Cockburn
authors: W James
authors: WJ
authors: Gauderman
authors: Otoniel
authors: O
authors: Martínez-Maza
authors: Bharat N
authors: BN
authors: Nathwani
authors: Malcolm C
authors: MC
authors: Pike
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Van Den Berg
authors: Ann S
authors: AS
authors: Hamilton
authors: Dennis M
authors: DM
authors: Deapen
authors: Thomas M
authors: TM
authors: Mack
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma