title: Exercise promotes angiogenesis and improves beta-adrenergic receptor signalling in the post-ischaemic failing rat heart.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether exercise training could promote angiogenesis and improve blood perfusion and left ventricular (LV) remodelling of the post-myocardial infarction (MI) failing heart. We also explored the contribution of ameliorated beta-adrenergic receptor signalling and function on the overall improvement of cardiac contractility reserve induced by exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adult Wistar male rats were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups. Sham-operated and post-MI heart failure (HF) rats were housed under sedentary conditions or assigned to 10-weeks of a treadmill exercise protocol. At 4 weeks after MI, sedentary HF rats showed LV eccentric hypertrophy, marked increase of LV diameters associated with severely impaired fractional shortening (14 +/- 5%), increased LV end diastolic pressure (20.9 +/- 2.6 mmHg), and pulmonary congestion. In addition, cardiac contractile responses to adrenergic stimulation were significantly blunted. In trained HF rats, exercise was able to (i) reactivate the cardiac vascular endothelial growth factor pathway with a concurrent enhancement of myocardial angiogenesis, (ii) significantly increase myocardial perfusion and coronary reserve, (iii) reduce cardiac diameters, and (iv) improve LV contractility in response to adrenergic stimulation. This latter finding was also associated with a significant improvement of cardiac beta-adrenergic receptor downregulation and desensitization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that exercise favourably affects angiogenesis and improves LV remodelling and contractility reserve in a rat model of severe chronic HF.
authors: Cattedra di Geriatria, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Scienze Cardiovascolari ed Immunologiche, Università Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy. dleosco@unina.it
authors: Dario
authors: D
authors: Leosco
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Rengo
authors: Guido
authors: G
authors: Iaccarino
authors: Luca
authors: L
authors: Golino
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Marchese
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Fortunato
authors: Carmela
authors: C
authors: Zincarelli
authors: Emma
authors: E
authors: Sanzari
authors: Michele
authors: M
authors: Ciccarelli
authors: Gennaro
authors: G
authors: Galasso
authors: Giovanna Giuseppina
authors: GG
authors: Altobelli
authors: Valeria
authors: V
authors: Conti
authors: Gianfranco
authors: G
authors: Matrone
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Cimini
authors: Nicola
authors: N
authors: Ferrara
authors: Amelia
authors: A
authors: Filippelli
authors: Walter J
authors: WJ
authors: Koch
authors: Franco
authors: F
authors: Rengo
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D005082:Physical Exertion; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D007545:Isoproterenol