Microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
This article reviews the basic principles, equipment, current therapeutic status and future trends of microwave ablation (MWA) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).


METHODS
All articles published in English on MWA or MWA as a treatment for HCC were identified with a PubMed search from the 1990s through June 2007. Papers were reviewed on the technical advances of MWA equipment and the clinical applications of MWA including indications, techniques, therapeutic outcomes, complications and combination therapies.


RESULTS
MWA has several advantages, including high thermal efficiency, higher capability of coagulating blood vessels, faster ablation time, and an improved convention profile. MWA can induce large ablation volumes and yield good local tumor control, especially for small HCC. Larger HCC can also be completely ablated by using more effective antenna or simultaneous application of multiple antennae. Long-term survival comparable to that of surgery was obtained for tumors measuring 4 cm or less. Associated complications appear to be low.


CONCLUSIONS
MWA is a promising minimally invasive technique for the treatment of HCC. Future advances are warranted to improve the therapeutic efficacy.
Liang
Ping
P
Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China. liangping301@hotmail.com
Wang
Yang
Y
D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008872:Microwaves; D016896:Treatment Outcome