title: Carbon dioxide insufflation improves intubation depth in double-balloon enteroscopy: a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) has been proven effective for deep intubation of the small bowel. However, intubation depth is limited by distention of the small bowel due to air insufflation during the procedure. The present trial investigated whether carbon dioxide (CO (2)) instead of standard air insufflation would improve intubation depth during DBE, as well as reduce postprocedure pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twelve consecutive patients scheduled for DBE at two centers were randomly assigned to either CO (2) or air insufflation during DBE. Patients and endoscopists were blinded with regard to the type of gas used. Intubation depth was registered using a validated form. Patients scored pain and discomfort during and after the examination on a 100-mm visual analog scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred patients were eligible for data analysis (48 in the CO (2) group and 52 in the air group). The mean small-bowel intubation depth was extended by 30 % in the CO (2) group compared to the air group (230 vs. 177 cm, P = 0.008). The superiority was most pronounced for oral DBE, with a 71-cm improvement in intubation depth when using CO (2) (295 cm in the CO (2) group vs. 224 cm in the air group, P < 0.001). Patient pain and discomfort were significantly reduced in the CO (2) group at 1 and 3 hours after the examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CO (2) insufflation significantly extended intubation depth in DBE. CO (2) insufflation also reduces patient discomfort. CO (2) insufflation may lead to a higher diagnostic and therapeutic yield of DBE, with reduced patient discomfort.
authors: Department of Medicine B, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Domagk
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Bretthauer
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Lenz
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Aabakken
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Ullerich
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Maaser
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Domschke
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kucharzik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000388:Air; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D053704:Capsule Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007327:Insufflation / Q000379:methods; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide