title: Blood group genotyping for Jk(a)/Jk(b), Fy(a)/Fy(b), S/s, K/k, Kp(a)/Kp(b), Js(a)/Js(b), Co(a)/Co(b), and Lu(a)/Lu(b) with microarray beads.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Traditionally, blood group typing has been performed with serologic techniques, the classical method being the hemagglutination test. Serotyping, however, may present important limitations such as scarce availability of rare antisera, typing of recently transfused patients, and those with a positive direct antiglobulin test. Consequently, serologic tests are being complemented with molecular methods. The aim of this study was to develop a low-cost, high-throughput method for large-scale genotyping of red blood cells (RBCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with some clinically important blood group antigens, as well as with certain rare blood antigens, were evaluated: Jk(a)/Jk(b), Fy(a)/Fy(b), S/s, K/k, Kp(a)/Kp(b), Js(a)/Js(b), Co(a)/Co(b), and Lu(a)/Lu(b). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified targets were detected by direct hybridization to microspheres coupled to allele-specific oligonucleotides. Cutoff values for each genotype were established with phenotyped and/or genotyped samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The method was validated with a blind panel of 92 blood donor samples. The results were fully concordant with those provided by hemagglutination assays and/or sequence-specific primer (SSP)-PCR. The method was subsequently evaluated with approximately 800 blood donor and patient samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study presents a flexible, quick, and economical method for complete genotyping of large donor cohorts for RBC alleles.
authors: Regenerative Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli, Regina Elena, Milan, Italy.
authors: Katerina
authors: K
authors: Karpasitou
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Drago
authors: Loretta
authors: L
authors: Crespiatico
authors: Cinzia
authors: C
authors: Paccapelo
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Truglio
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Frison
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Scalamogna
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Poli
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D001789:Blood Group Antigens