Shelf-life of minimally processed lettuce and cabbage treated with gaseous chlorine dioxide and cysteine.
Gaseous ClO2 was evaluated for effectiveness in prolonging the shelf-life of minimally processed (MP) lettuce and MP cabbage, previously immersed in a cysteine solution in order to inhibit browning occurring during ClO2 treatment. Each vegetable was shredded, washed, and separated in two portions, one to be treated with ClO2 gas and the other to remain untreated as reference sample. The batch to be treated with ClO2 gas was immersed for 1 min in a 0.5% solution of HCl.L-cysteine monohydrate. Then both batches were spun dried. MP vegetables were decontaminated in a cabinet at 90-91% relative humidity and 22-25 degrees C up to 10 min, including 30 s of ClO2 injection into the cabinet. The ClO2 concentration rose to 1.74 mg/L (MP lettuce) and 1.29 mg/L (MP cabbage). Then samples were stored under modified atmosphere at 7 degrees C for shelf-life studies. Changes in O2 and CO2 headspace concentrations, microbiological quality (aerobic plate count (APC), psychrotrophs, lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts), sensory quality, and pH were followed during storage. The respiration rate of the minimally processed vegetables was significantly increased by the ClO2 gas treatment only in the case of MP cabbage (P<0.05). The gas treatment reduced initially APC and psychrotroph count of MP lettuce and APC, psychrotroph counts, yeast counts and pH of MP cabbage (P<0.05). ClO2 treatment did not cause initially any significant (P<0.05) sensorial alteration, except for a weak off-odour in MP lettuce. Interestingly, no browning was observed after treating, which can be accounted to the use of L-cysteine. Although an initial microbiological reduction was observed due to ClO2 gas treatment, APC and psychrotroph counts reached in the samples treated with ClO2 higher levels than in those non-treated with ClO2 before the third day of the shelf-life study. Untreated and treated samples of MP lettuce were sensorial unacceptable due to bad overall visual quality after 4 days, while treated and untreated MP cabbage remained sensorial acceptable during the 9 days of the study. L-cysteine reduced (P<0.05) the decontamination efficacy of ClO2 when applied to MP cabbage but not in the case of MP lettuce. Gaseous ClO2 failed to prolong the shelf-life of MP lettuce and MP cabbage, the reason for the enhanced growth of microorganisms in decontaminated samples should be investigated. Nonetheless, our results prove that it is possible to inhibit browning caused by ClO2.
Gómez-López
Vicente M
VM
Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Ghent University, Coupure Links, 653 - 9000 Gent, Belgium.
Ragaert
Peter
P
Jeyachchandran
Visvalingam
V
Debevere
Johan
J
Devlieghere
Frank
F
D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development; D001937:Brassica / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000592:standards; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D003545:Cysteine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D005516:Food Microbiology; D018857:Food Packaging / Q000379:methods*; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D018545:Lactuca / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000592:standards; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013649:Taste; D013997:Time Factors
D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D004202:Disinfectants; D010087:Oxides; C025109:chlorine dioxide; D003545:Cysteine