title: Field-amplified sample stacking for the detection of chemical warfare agent degradation products in low-conductivity matrices by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.
abstract: Preconcentration of chemical warfare agent degradation products (alkylphosphonic acids and alkyl alkylphosphonic acids) in low-conductivity matrices (purified water, tap water and local river water) by field-amplified sample stacking (FASS) was developed for capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry. FASS was performed by adding a mixture of HCOONH(4) and NH(4)OH in appropriate concentrations to the sample. This allowed to control the conductivity and the pH of the sample in order to obtain FASS performances that are independent of analyte concentration. The influence of different parameters on FASS (sample to background electrolyte (BGE) conductivity ratio, injection volume and concentration of BGE) was studied to determine the optimal conditions and was rationalized by using the theoretical model developed by Burgi and Chien. A good correlation was obtained between the bulk electroosmotic velocity predicted by this model and the experimental value deduced from the migration time of the electroosmotic flow marker detected by mass spectrometry (MS). This newly developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of tap water and local river water fortified with the analytes and provided a 10-fold sensitivity enhancement in comparison to the signal obtained without preconcentration procedure. The quite satisfactory repeatability and linearity for peak areas obtained in the 0.5-5 microg mL(-1) concentration range allow quantitative analysis to be implemented. Limits of detection of 0.25-0.5 microg mL(-1) for the alkyl alkylphosphonic acids and of 0.35-5 microg mL(-1) for the alkylphosphonic acids were reached in tap water and river water.
authors: Département Analyse Chimique, Centre d'Etudes du Bouchet (DGA), 5 rue Lavoisier, B.P. 3, 91710 Vert-le-Petit, France.
authors: Mélanie
authors: M
authors: Lagarrigue
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Bossée
authors: Arlette
authors: A
authors: Bégos
authors: Nathalie
authors: N
authors: Delaunay
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Varenne
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Gareil
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: Bellier
mesh_terms: D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D014867:Water