title: The effect of an ultra-endurance running race on mucosal and humoral immune function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are reports of the effect of endurance exercise on mucosal immune function and of the effect of short duration exercise on humoral immune function. However, little is known of the effect of endurance exercise on humoral immune function and the related risk of infection. This study examined the effects of an ultra-endurance running race on salivary immunoglobulin-A (s-IgA), serum IgA, leukocyte subset concentrations and the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen male and 4 female competitors provided saliva samples and blood before and at several times after the running race. Self-reported symptoms of URTI were also recorded for 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after the race.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Salivary IgA secretion rate (P=0.005) and ratio to osmolality (P=0.006) were lower immediately postrace and decreased further for at least 2 more h. s-IgA secretion rate had not returned to normal the next morning (P=0.009). Serum IgA concentration was lower post- than prerace (P=0.003) and was even lower the next morning (P<0.001). Leukocyte concentration was elevated postrace (P<0.001), mainly because of an increase in neutrophils (P<0.001) and both remained high the morning after the race (P<0.001). Lymphocyte concentration decreased postrace (P<0.001) and was still depressed the next morning (P=0.032). The incidence of symptoms of URTI was the same in the two 2-week periods before and after the race.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the hypotheses that an ultra-endurance run may adversely affect mucosal immunity and cause significant changes in the concentration of leukocyte subsets.
authors: School of Human Life Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.
authors: P F J
authors: PF
authors: Pacque
authors: C K
authors: CK
authors: Booth
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Ball
authors: D B
authors: DB
authors: Dwyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007121:Immunocompetence / Q000276:immunology; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D012463:Saliva; D013648:Tasmania / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory