title: Derivation of infectious HIV-1 molecular clones with LTR mutations: sensitivity to the CD8+ cell noncytotoxic anti-HIV response.
abstract: CD8(+) cells from healthy, asymptomatic HIV-1-infected individuals can inhibit HIV-1 replication in naturally or acutely infected CD4(+) cells in the absence of cell killing. This CD8(+) cell noncytotoxic anti-HIV response (CNAR) is mediated by a soluble CD8(+) cell antiviral factor (CAF). CNAR/CAF inhibits HIV-1 replication by blocking viral RNA transcription. HIV transcription is regulated by a variety of cis-acting DNA sequence elements within the proviral long terminal repeat (LTR). We hypothesized that one of the HIV-1 LTR proviral DNA sequence elements that binds host cell transcriptional factors is involved in this antiviral activity. To assess this possibility, we constructed full-length infectious HIV-1 molecular clones with mutations in the LTR elements NFAT, AP-1, IL-2 homology region, and the downstream ISRE. We also tested full-length infectious molecular clones that had deletions of either the NF-kappaB or Sp1 sites of the LTR or lacked functional Tat and TAR elements. Viruses generated from these molecular clones were used to acutely infect CD4(+) cells that subsequently were either co-cultured with CD8(+) cells from individuals that exhibited strong CNAR or cultured with CAF-containing fluids. The replication of all of the mutant HIV-1 viruses tested was substantially reduced in the presence of CNAR/CAF. These findings suggest that other regions in the viral LTR or other host cell processes are involved in the transcriptional block elicited by CNAR/CAF.
authors: Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-1270, USA.
authors: Kyle R
authors: KR
authors: Bonneau
authors: Sharon
authors: S
authors: Ng
authors: Hillary
authors: H
authors: Foster
authors: Kelly B
authors: KB
authors: Choi
authors: Ben
authors: B
authors: Berkhout
authors: Arnold
authors: A
authors: Rabson
authors: Carl E
authors: CE
authors: Mackewicz
authors: Jay A
authors: JA
authors: Levy
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat / Q000235:genetics*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents