title: Cryopreservation of mammalian embryos.
abstract: The cryopreservation of mammalian embryos has expanded over the past 20 yr by encompassing a range of sophisticated methods to deal with different developmental stages and different sensitivities to low-temperature exposure. We have described a method for slow, controlled-rate freezing of early stage embryos based on exposure to 1,2-propanediol and sucrose, while the method for late-stage (blastocyst) embryos employs mixtures of glycerol and sucrose. Both methods have been used for animal and human embryos. A third rapid cooling or "vitrification" technique is described, which depends on brief but controlled exposure of multicellular embryos to mixtures of glycerol and 1,2-propanediol at high concentrations. This technique is used for successful animal embryo cryopreservation but is not yet widely applied in the clinic.
authors: University Department of Surgery, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK.
authors: Barry J
authors: BJ
authors: Fuller
authors: Sharon J
authors: SJ
authors: Paynter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst; D015925:Cryopreservation; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals; D019946:Propylene Glycol / Q000737:chemistry; D013395:Sucrose / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D013395:Sucrose; D019946:Propylene Glycol