title: N-acetyl cysteine pre-treatment attenuates inflammatory changes in the warm ischemic murine lung.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The warm ischemic period in non-heart-beating donor lungs may contribute to a higher degree of ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation. We investigated the impact and timing of administration of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on inflammatory parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ischemia (I) was induced by clamping the hilum of the left lung for 90 minutes, and some protocols were followed by reperfusion (R) for 4 hours. Mice were divided into nine groups (n = 6/group): three control groups ([sham] (thoracotomy only), [I] and [I+R]); two groups with saline instillation only ([saline+I] and [saline+I+R]); and four experimental groups with NAC (50 mg/kg), administered by instillation ([NAC+I], [NAC+I+R] and [I+NAC+R]) or by aerosol ([NACaero+I+R]). Cell counts and protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NAC administered prior to hilar clamping led to a significant decrease in macrophages and lymphocytes and interleukin (IL)-1 beta levels after ischemia. NAC also resulted in significantly fewer macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils as well as IL-1 beta, keratinocyte cytokine (KC), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and IL-6 levels in BAL taken after reperfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NAC treatment prior to warm ischemia attenuates inflammatory changes after both the ischemic and reperfusion periods.
authors: Laboratory of Experimental Thoracic Surgery, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Nele
authors: N
authors: Geudens
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Van De Wauwer
authors: Arne P
authors: AP
authors: Neyrinck
authors: Lien
authors: L
authors: Timmermans
authors: Hadewijch M
authors: HM
authors: Vanhooren
authors: Bart M
authors: BM
authors: Vanaudenaerde
authors: Geert M
authors: GM
authors: Verleden
authors: Erik
authors: E
authors: Verbeken
authors: Toni
authors: T
authors: Lerut
authors: Dirk E M
authors: DE
authors: Van Raemdonck
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D002452:Cell Count; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000379:methods / Q000473:pathology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D052096:Warm Ischemia / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000111:Acetylcysteine