Profiling of UV-induced ATM/ATR signaling pathways.
To ensure survival in the face of genomic insult, cells have evolved complex mechanisms to respond to DNA damage, termed the DNA damage checkpoint. The serine/threonine kinases ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) activate checkpoint signaling by phosphorylating substrate proteins at SQ/TQ motifs. Although some ATM/ATR substrates (Chk1, p53) have been identified, the lack of a more complete list of substrates limits current understanding of checkpoint pathways. Here, we use immunoaffinity phosphopeptide isolation coupled with mass spectrometry to identify 570 sites phosphorylated in UV-damaged cells, 498 of which are previously undescribed. Semiquantitative analysis yielded 24 known and 192 previously uncharacterized sites differentially phosphorylated upon UV damage, some of which were confirmed by SILAC, Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation/Western blotting. ATR-specific phosphorylation was investigated by using a Seckel syndrome (ATR mutant) cell line. Together, these results provide a rich resource for further deciphering ATM/ATR signaling and the pathways mediating the DNA damage response.
Stokes
Matthew P
MP
Cell Signaling Technology, 3 Trask Lane, Danvers, MA 01923, USA.
Rush
John
J
Macneill
Joan
J
Ren
Jian Min
JM
Sprott
Kam
K
Nardone
Julie
J
Yang
Vicky
V
Beausoleil
Sean A
SA
Gygi
Steven P
SP
Livingstone
Mark
M
Zhang
Hui
H
Polakiewicz
Roberto D
RD
Comb
Michael J
MJ
D020816:Amino Acid Motifs / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D010748:Phosphopeptides / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000528:radiation effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013379:Substrate Specificity / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D010748:Phosphopeptides; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C576324:ATM protein, human; C576597:ATR protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases