title: Systematic reviews: a primer for plastic surgery research.
abstract: Clinicians rely on review articles to keep current with the rapid accumulation of medical and surgical literature. Traditional expert reviews, however, often suffer from inherent personal biases and may not reflect a true synthesis of the existing literature on a particular subject. Systematic reviews are structured, scientific articles that address the shortcomings of traditional reviews by adhering to strict, reproducible methods and recommended guidelines. The methods are designed to eliminate possible sources of bias, ensure as complete a review of the existing literature as possible, and present the results in a way that is useful for its intended audience. Systematic reviews may at times include a quantitative synthesis of the available data in the form of a meta-analysis. Meta-analysis is a statistical tool for combining the numerical results of separate studies to obtain a summary outcome with increased precision due to the larger, combined number of patients. Meta-analyses may be particularly helpful when individual study results are conflicting and the existing literature is inconclusive. The validity of meta-analysis, however, is highly dependent on the quality of data available in the literature. In its strictest form, meta-analysis is used to combine data from only randomized controlled clinical trials. Because randomized controlled clinical trials are infrequently performed in plastic surgery research, this article will focus on systematic reviews to provide the readers with a useful guide in performing this field of study.
authors: Mississauga, Ontario, Canada; and Ann Arbor, Mich. From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Trillium Health Center, and Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan Health System.
authors: Zvi
authors: Z
authors: Margaliot
authors: Kevin C
authors: KC
authors: Chung
mesh_terms: D015982:Bias; D015706:Bibliometrics; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D016206:Databases, Bibliographic; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D016239:MEDLINE; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D011786:Quality Control; D012106:Research; D012196:Review Literature as Topic; D013518:Surgery, Plastic; D014956:Writing