title: Evaluation of a new strategy to modulate skeletal development in racehorses by imposing track-based exercise during growth: the effects on 2- and 3-year-old racing careers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No data exist on the effects of conditioning exercise at foal age on workload and subsequent clinical injury rate during their 2- and 3-year-old racing careers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of subjecting TB foals to conditioning exercise prior to the start of race training on: the workload required to reach a level of fitness sufficient to compete; and the prevalence of orthopaedic injury during the first 2 seasons of their racing careers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty 18-month-old TBs, 12 subjected to conditioning exercise at foal age (CONDEX) and 8 exercised spontaneously at pasture only (PASTEX) were trained and entered in competitive events. Workload was quantified using the cumulative workload index (the product of average velocity and distance at a specific gait) and the animals were monitored clinically and radiographically for signs of musculoskeletal disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Workload to reach the desired fitness level was similar for CONDEX and PASTEX. CONDEX performed more prerace training sessions as 2-year-olds (P<0.05). The incidence of orthopaedic injuries was low in both groups and there were no differences in the occurrence of orthopaedic ailments. PASTEX animals tended to show signs of musculoskeletal disorders earlier than CONDEX animals. This time difference was significant for metacarpophalangeal joint pain on flexion, reduced carpal flexion and hindlimb lameness (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjecting TB foals to conditioning exercise early in life does not have adverse effects on racing careers at ages 2 and 3 years, and does not influence the workload needed to reach a fitness level that is sufficient for racing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lack of negative effects and the indications of some positive effects of early conditioning exercise in the Thoroughbred encourage further large-scale comparative studies.
authors: Global Equine Research Alliance/Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors: C W
authors: CW
authors: Rogers
authors: E C
authors: EC
authors: Firth
authors: C W
authors: CW
authors: McIlwraith
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Barneveld
authors: A E
authors: AE
authors: Goodship
authors: C E
authors: CE
authors: Kawcak
authors: R K W
authors: RK
authors: Smith
authors: P R
authors: PR
authors: van Weeren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006736:Horses / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000293:injuries*; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D041641:Musculoskeletal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D013177:Sports; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*