Antigenic profile of avian H5N1 viruses in Asia from 2002 to 2007.
Antigenic profiles of post-2002 H5N1 viruses representing major genetic clades and various geographic sources were investigated using a panel of 17 monoclonal antibodies raised from five H5N1 strains. Four antigenic groups from seven clades of H5N1 virus were distinguished and characterized based on their cross-reactivity to the monoclonal antibodies in hemagglutination inhibition and cell-based neutralization assays. Genetic polymorphisms associated with the variation of antigenicity of H5N1 strains were identified and further verified in antigenic analysis with recombinant H5N1 viruses carrying specific mutations in the hemagglutinin protein. Modification of some of these genetic variations produced marked improvement to the immunogenicity and cross-reactivity of H5N1 strains in assays utilizing monoclonal antibodies and ferret antisera raised against clade 1 and 2 H5N1 viruses, suggesting that these sites represent antigenically significant amino acids. These results provide a comprehensive antigenic profile for H5N1 virus strains circulating in recent years and will facilitate the recognition of emerging antigenic variants of H5N1 virus and aid in the selection of vaccine strains.
Wu
Wai Lan
WL
State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
Chen
Yixin
Y
Wang
Pui
P
Song
Wenjun
W
Lau
Siu-Ying
SY
Rayner
Jane M
JM
Smith
Gavin J D
GJ
Webster
Robert G
RG
Peiris
J S Malik
JS
Lin
Tianwei
T
Xia
Ningshao
N
Guan
Yi
Y
Chen
Honglin
H
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000940:Antigenic Variation; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001717:Birds; D003429:Cross Reactions; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011487:Protein Conformation
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines