title: Enzymatic synthesis and identification of two trisaccharides produced from lactulose by transgalactosylation.
abstract: The enzymatic transgalactosylation during lactulose hydrolysis was studied using the beta-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis and an initial lactulose concentration of 250 g/L. During hydrolysis of lactulose, the formation of two novel trisaccharides was followed by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). A maximum trisaccharide yield of 14.05% was observed at 91.9% of lactulose hydrolysis. The two novel trisaccharides obtained by transglycosylation of lactulose were isolated and fully characterized by an extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study. Complete structure elucidation and full proton and carbon assignment were carried out using 1D ( 1H, 13C, and 1D TOCSY) and 2D (gCOSY, TOCSY, ROESY, gHSQC, and gHMBC) NMR experiments. The trisaccharides were shown to be lactulose-based structures; the main one has a Gal unit linked to C-6 of the galactose moiety, and the other one has a Gal unit linked to C-1 of the fructose moiety. Transglycosylation of lactulose allows for the obtention of galacto-oligosaccharides with new glycosidic structures and would open new routes to the synthesis of prebiotics.
authors: Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid 28006, Spain.
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Martínez-Villaluenga
authors: Alejandra
authors: A
authors: Cardelle-Cobas
authors: Agustín
authors: A
authors: Olano
authors: Nieves
authors: N
authors: Corzo
authors: Mar
authors: M
authors: Villamiel
authors: Maria Luisa
authors: ML
authors: Jimeno
mesh_terms: D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005690:Galactose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007716:Kluyveromyces / Q000201:enzymology; D007792:Lactulose / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014312:Trisaccharides / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014312:Trisaccharides; D007792:Lactulose; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D005690:Galactose