title: Application of nine-color flow cytometry for detailed studies of the phenotypic complexity and functional heterogeneity of human lymphocyte subsets.
abstract: Innate and adaptive cellular immunity is initiated, directed and regulated by a vast array of cell surface receptors. Attempts to harness the cellular immune system in translational settings such as immunotherapy and vaccine development require tools to accurately describe and isolate lymphocytes with specific characteristics. One such tool, flow cytometry, is undergoing a revolution in instrumentation and reagents, providing opportunities for high resolution phenotypic and functional analysis of lymphocytes. Here, we demonstrate how nine-color flow cytometry can be adapted, optimized and applied to investigate the phenotypic complexity and functional heterogeneity of human lymphocyte subsets. We provide examples of studies of adaptive T cell responses against viruses, as well as the assessment of CD1d-restricted NKT cells and NK cells. We discuss the importance of this technology for detailed investigations of lymphocyte subsets in studies of infectious diseases and cancer.
authors: Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Veronica D
authors: VD
authors: Gonzalez
authors: Niklas K
authors: NK
authors: Björkström
authors: Karl-Johan
authors: KJ
authors: Malmberg
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Moll
authors: Carlotta
authors: C
authors: Kuylenstierna
authors: Jakob
authors: J
authors: Michaëlsson
authors: Hans-Gustaf
authors: HG
authors: Ljunggren
authors: Johan K
authors: JK
authors: Sandberg
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis*; D018949:Antigens, CD1 / Q000032:analysis; D055610:Antigens, CD1d; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D016130:Immunophenotyping / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D020014:K562 Cells; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000276:immunology; D010641:Phenotype; D054301:gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018949:Antigens, CD1; D055610:Antigens, CD1d; C526877:CD1D protein, human; D016207:Cytokines; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D054301:gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus