title: Serine 88 phosphorylation of the 8-kDa dynein light chain 1 is a molecular switch for its dimerization status and functions.
abstract: Dynein light chain 1 (DLC1, also known as DYNLL1, LC8, and PIN), a ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved protein, participates in a variety of essential intracellular events. Transition of DLC1 between dimer and monomer forms might play a crucial role in its function. However, the molecular mechanism(s) that control the transition remain unknown. DLC1 phosphorylation on Ser(88) by p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1), a signaling nodule, promotes mammalian cell survival by regulating its interaction with Bim and the stability of Bim. Here we discovered that phosphorylation of Ser(88), which juxtapose each other at the interface of the DLC dimer, disrupts DLC1 dimer formation and consequently impairs its interaction with Bim. Overexpression of a Ser(88) phosphorylation-inactive DLC1 mutant in mammary epithelium cells and in a transgenic animal model caused apoptosis and accelerated mammary gland involution, respectively, with increased Bim levels. Structural and biophysical studies suggested that phosphorylation-mimicking mutation leads to dissociation of the DLC1 dimer to a pure folded monomer. The phosphorylation-induced DLC1 monomer is incapable of binding to its substrate Bim. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized regulatory mechanism of DLC1 in which the Ser(88) phosphorylation acts as a molecular switch for the transition of DLC1 from dimer to monomer, thereby modulating its interaction with substrates and consequently regulating the functions of DLC1.
authors: Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Chunying
authors: C
authors: Song
authors: Wenyu
authors: W
authors: Wen
authors: Suresh K
authors: SK
authors: Rayala
authors: Mingzhi
authors: M
authors: Chen
authors: Jianpeng
authors: J
authors: Ma
authors: Mingjie
authors: M
authors: Zhang
authors: Rakesh
authors: R
authors: Kumar
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001940:Breast / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D017931:DNA Primers; D019281:Dimerization; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004398:Dyneins; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D010766:Phosphorylation; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D012694:Serine; D004398:Dyneins