title: Seven deadly sins of environmental epidemiology and the virtues of precaution.
abstract: The potentials for error in planning, conducting, reporting, and utilizing epidemiologic results can be considered in terms of the traditional 7 deadly sins. To counter these sins, epidemiologic virtues should be inspired by the precautionary principle. The remedies emphasize acknowledgment and exploration of the impact of uncertainties, weight-of-the-evidence assessments that consider what could be known given the opportunities for research, and epidemiologic strategies that facilitate the use of tentative, though innovative, studies in decision-making.
authors: Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. pgrand@hsph.harvard.edu
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Grandjean
mesh_terms: D015982:Bias; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D015340:Epidemiologic Research Design; D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment