title: A PARP-1/JNK1 cascade participates in the synergistic apoptotic effect of TNFalpha and all-trans retinoic acid in APL cells.
abstract: When administrated by isolated limb perfusion, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is an efficient antitumor agent that improves drug penetration and destroys angiogenic vessels. Moreover, the pronounced potentiation of TNFalpha-induced apoptosis by NF-kappaB inhibitors suggest that these compounds could enhance TNFalpha antitumor efficacy through direct induction of tumor cell apoptosis. Therefore, attempts at amplifying signaling pathways that mediate TNFalpha antitumor effects could help to design combination therapies improving its efficiency. We report that nanomolar concentrations of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) amplify TNFalpha-induced apoptosis in APL cells expressing a specific repressor of NF-kappaB activation. This effect is abolished by the pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-fmk and by caspase-8 and -9 inhibitors. Cell death is accompanied by a drop of mitochondrial potential and by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation. Using specific PARP-1 inhibitors and siRNAs, we show that PARP-1 is essential for the synergistic apoptotic effect and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) activation triggered by the ATRA/TNFalpha combination. JNK1 siRNAs reduce ATRA/TNFalpha-induced apoptosis, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and caspase-9 activation. Altogether, these results identify a novel mechanism of PARP-1-induced apoptosis, in which JNK1 provides a link between PARP-1 activation and mitochondrial pathway of caspase-9 activation. This study also suggests that inclusion of nanomolar doses of ATRA could be clinically beneficial in amplifying TNFalpha-induced antitumor signals.
authors: INSERM Unité 685, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris Cedex 10, France.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Mathieu
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Flexor
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Lanotte
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Besançon
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014212:Tretinoin; D045304:Cytochromes c; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8; D020169:Caspases