Correlates of smoking before, during, and after pregnancy.
OBJECTIVE
To use recent, national data to examine correlates of smoking before, during, and after pregnancy; quitting smoking during pregnancy; and relapsing by 24 months postpartum.


METHODS
Multivariate logistic regression models used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort and accounted for relevant socio-demographic, clinical, and contextual covariates.


RESULTS
Although socio-demographic characteristics including education, income, race/ethnicity, and marital status were associated with smoking at all time points, contextual factors including alcohol consumption, breast-feeding, and living with other smokers were also strongly associated with smoking, quitting, and relapsing.


CONCLUSIONS
Results of this study may facilitate the creation of more targeted interventions focusing on women at highest risk for smoking during this critical period.
Martin
Laurie T
LT
Child Trends, Washington, DC 20008, USA.
McNamara
Michelle
M
Milot
Alyssa
A
Bloch
Margot
M
Hair
Elizabeth C
EC
Halle
Tamara
T
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016015:Logistic Models; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D012923:Social Class