title: Judgment analysis: a method for quantitative evaluation of trainee surgeons' judgments of surgical risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical judgment and decision making require valid methods of assessment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of judgment analysis as a technique for quantitative evaluation of surgeons' risk estimates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty trainee surgeons' estimates of conversion risk in laparoscopic cholecystectomy were investigated using judgment analysis. Hypothetical cases were created, differing in relevant risk factors. Twenty repeat cases were incorporated to test for reliability. Surgeons' estimates were compared with an outcome-derived gold standard from the published literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean reliability was .77 (range, .47-.98), and regression models indicating the weighting of variables had a mean adjusted R(2) value of .53 (range, .12-.76). Variables were subject to wide variation in weighting. The mean correlation to the gold standard model was .48 (range, .08-.72).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Judgment analysis allows detailed quantitative evaluation of the consistency of surgeons' risk estimates and the influence of different variables on them. Comparison with a gold standard model enables accuracy to be measured.
authors: Clinical Safety Research Unit, Department of Bio-Surgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College London, 10th Floor, QEQM, St. Mary's Hospital, South Wharf Rd., London, W2 1NY, UK.
authors: Ros
authors: R
authors: Jacklin
authors: Nick
authors: N
authors: Sevdalis
authors: Clare
authors: C
authors: Harries
authors: Ara
authors: A
authors: Darzi
authors: Charles
authors: C
authors: Vincent
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003657:Decision Making; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015397:Program Evaluation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity