Spatial heterogeneity of mesopredator release within an oceanic island system.
Predator-prey communities are ubiquitous in ecology, but introduced predators can drive native species to extinction within island systems, prompting the eradication of such exotics. Ecological theory predicts that elimination of top-introduced predators from islands can lead to the counterintuitive decline of native prey populations through the ecological release of smaller introduced species in a process termed "mesopredator release." We show, in accordance with mesopredator release theory and counter to conservation goals for a New Zealand island reserve, that initial eradication of cats on Little Barrier Island led to reduced breeding success of Cook's petrels, which also are vulnerable to predation by a mesopredator, the Pacific rat. The rat's impact on prey productivity varied with elevation within the island. Rat eradication was followed by a rise in petrel productivity, in support of both ecological theory and practical conservation management goals. It appears that interactions among introduced predators, native prey, and environmental gradients can drive counterintuitive and spatially heterogeneous responses to predator eradications from islands. Location-specific, ecosystem-level understanding is essential for predicting the outcomes of such restoration management techniques.
Rayner
Matt J
MJ
School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. m.rayner@auckland.ac.nz
Hauber
Mark E
ME
Imber
Michael J
MJ
Stamp
Rosalie K
RK
Clout
Mick N
MN
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D001717:Birds; D002415:Cats; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004463:Ecology; D017753:Ecosystem; D020387:Food Chain; D005843:Geography; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D051381:Rats; D012044:Regression Analysis