title: Upgrading to biventricular pacing/defibrillation systems in right ventricular paced congestive heart failure patients: prospective assessment of procedural parameters and response rate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is indicated in patients with heart failure and bundle branch block. It is less clear whether this includes patients with pre-existing right ventricular pacemaker/defibrillator systems, particularly with respect to implantation success and clinical benefit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In consecutive patients scheduled for CRT, we prospectively compared implantation success, procedural parameters, and clinical response in 'de novo' vs. upgrade procedures of previously implanted right ventricular systems. CRT implantation was attempted in 79 consecutive patients (64 +/- 11 years, 63 male, 38 ischaemic, 41 non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy). De novo implantation was performed in 61 patients, upgrade procedures in 18 patients. Implant success (92 vs. 94%, P = 1.00), procedure duration (153 +/- 43 vs. 164 +/- 65 min, P = 0.51), fluoroscopy time (25 +/- 18 vs. 32 +/- 22 min, P = 0.18) or dose (40 +/- 31 vs. 52 +/- 49 Gy/cm(2), P = 0.35), and response rate (66 vs. 59%, P = 0.5) were comparable for both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Procedural aspects, implantation success, and clinical response to CRT were comparable for patients undergoing de-novo vs. upgrade procedures. Accordingly, patient selection for upgrading should be the same as for new CRT implantation.
authors: Section Clinical Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, J.W. Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt a. M., Germany.
authors: Gabor Z
authors: GZ
authors: Duray
authors: Carsten W
authors: CW
authors: Israel
authors: Dimitrij
authors: D
authors: Pajitnev
authors: Stefan H
authors: SH
authors: Hohnloser
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D018579:Patient Selection; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome