title: Correlates of resilience in the face of adversity for Korean women immigrating to the US.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the association between resilience and psychosocial variables of theoretical relevance such as self-esteem, optimism, religiousness, cultural interdependency, and belief in higher education in a population of elderly Korean women and their daughters who experienced great adversity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveys were conducted with 200 elderly Korean women and 170 of their daughters in several community locations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both mothers and daughters experienced great adversities in their lives such as psychological and physical losses from war as well as current and past difficulties with relocation. The mothers' bivariate correlations indicate that self-esteem, optimism, religiousness, and cultural interdependency were significantly correlated with resilience. Length of time in the US, age entering the US, physical and psychological war-related adversities, current relocation difficulties, self-esteem, optimism, cultural interdependency, and belief in education were all significantly associated with daughters' resilience. In linear regression, self-esteem and optimism were significant predictors of resilience in both mothers and daughters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-esteem and optimism deserve further attention as psychological factors that may increase the likelihood of developing resilience. Implications of these findings for health professionals are discussed.
authors: Department of Public and Community Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
authors: Hei-Sung
authors: HS
authors: Lee
authors: Stephen L
authors: SL
authors: Brown
authors: Mary M
authors: MM
authors: Mitchell
authors: Glenn R
authors: GR
authors: Schiraldi
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001290:Attitude / Q000208:ethnology*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology*; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea / Q000208:ethnology; D008016:Life Change Events; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D009679:Nuclear Family / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D012380:Role; D012649:Self Concept; D012931:Social Environment; D014481:United States; D014857:Warfare; D016387:Women's Health / Q000208:ethnology*