title: Macrophage and T-lymphocyte infiltrates in human peritoneal adhesions indicate a chronic inflammatory disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peritoneal adhesions are common and lead to significant clinical morbidity and mortality. Besides various individual factors, notably the inflammatory response to peritoneal defects affects adhesion formation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is inflammatory activity even in persistent adhesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue specimens of 40 patients suffering peritoneal adhesions were prospectively collected. Expression profiles of seven parameters as potential mediators in cellular immune response, cell differentiation, and wound healing were analyzed (macrophages [CD68], B-lymphocytes [CD20] and T-lymphocytes [CD45], cyclo-oxygenase-2 [COX-2], Notch-3, beta-catenin, and c-myc). Furthermore, clinical details and co-morbidities were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infiltrates of mononuclear round cells were found in all adhesion specimens irrespective of the maturity. Immunohistochemical analysis identified mononuclear round cells as macrophages (CD68) and as T-lymphocytes (CD45). Expression of CD68 was significantly elevated in adhesion tissue with an age<12 months. Positive expression of CD45, COX-2, Notch-3, beta-catenin, and c-myc, was observed even in long-lasting adhesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A persistent inflammatory process has to be considered, even in mature adhesions. Macrophages may play an important role in triggering adhesions, whereas T-cells and the Notch-3/beta-catenin complex signaling pathway may play a crucial role in maintaining adhesions. These findings indicate that adhesions should not be regarded simply as an adynamic result of an operative trauma but rather may be grasped as a permanent process in remodeled tissue.
authors: Department of Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. mbinneboesel@ukaachen.de
authors: Marcel
authors: M
authors: Binnebösel
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Rosch
authors: Karsten
authors: K
authors: Junge
authors: Petra
authors: P
authors: Lynen-Jansen
authors: Volker
authors: V
authors: Schumpelick
authors: Uwe
authors: U
authors: Klinge
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010532:Peritoneal Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000378:metabolism; D000071656:Receptor, Notch3; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C489427:MYC protein, human; C499374:NOTCH3 protein, human; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D000071656:Receptor, Notch3; D051880:Receptors, Notch; D051176:beta Catenin; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2