title: Modulation of gene expression in human macrophages treated with the anti-leishmania pentavalent antimonial drug sodium stibogluconate.
abstract: Within the mammalian host, Leishmania donovani is an obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite that resides and multiplies exclusively in the phagolysosomes of macrophages. Leishmania control relies primarily on chemotherapy, with the mainstay being pentavalent antimony (SbV) complexed to carbohydrates in the form of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) or meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime). The mode of action of SbV is still not known precisely. To explore the effect of SbV on macrophage gene expression, a microarray analysis was performed using Affymetrix focus arrays to compare gene expression profiles in noninfected and L. donovani-infected THP-1 monocytic cells treated or not treated with sodium stibogluconate. Under our experimental conditions, SbV changed the expression of a few host genes, and this was independent of whether cells were infected or not infected with Leishmania. Leishmania infection had a greater effect on the modulation of host gene expression. Statistical analyses have indicated that the expression of eight genes was modified by at least twofold upon SbV treatment, with six genes upregulated and two genes downregulated. One gene whose expression was affected by SbV was the heme oxygenase gene HMOX-1, and this change was observed both in the monocytic cell line THP-1 and in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Another pathway that was affected was the glutathione biosynthesis pathway, where the expression of the glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit was increased upon SbV treatment. Our analysis has suggested that, under our experimental conditions, the expression of a few genes is altered upon SbV treatment, and some of these encoded proteins may be implicated in the yet-to-be-defined mode of action of SbV.
authors: Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du Centre de Recherche du CHUL and Division de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
authors: Karima
authors: K
authors: El Fadili
authors: Michaël
authors: M
authors: Imbeault
authors: Nadine
authors: N
authors: Messier
authors: Gaétan
authors: G
authors: Roy
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Gourbal
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Bergeron
authors: Michel J
authors: MJ
authors: Tremblay
authors: Danielle
authors: D
authors: Légaré
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Ouellette
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000967:Antimony Sodium Gluconate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D011506:Proteins; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; D000967:Antimony Sodium Gluconate