Positive and negative signaling components involved in TNFalpha-induced NF-kappaB activation.
Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFalpha) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays important roles in different biological processes, including the induction of other cytokines. One of the most important downstream signaling targets activated by TNFalpha is the NF-kappaB transcription factor, which has been identified to be involved in inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immune responses. Stimulation of cells with TNFalpha triggers activation of NF-kappaB through various signaling molecules, including TRAF2, RIP, MAP3K, and the IKK complex. Recently, numerous studies have been performed to explore the detailed mechanism by which NF-kappaB is activated upon TNFalpha stimulation. Current understanding of this pathway has been focused on the identification of signaling components, the role of post-translational modification and the sub-cellular translocation of those components. Additionally, more negative regulators in the TNF-IKK pathway are emerging.
Li
Hongxiu
H
Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 108, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Lin
Xin
X
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology; D053422:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D047992:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D047992:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D053422:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases