title: The dilemma of neutrality.
abstract: This paper focuses on the dilemma that humanitarian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) face in their efforts to gain access to populations caught up in current wars. Narrow and broad concepts of humanitarian protection are discussed and it is argued that despite high levels of professionalism, the space for humanitarian action has constricted sharply since the events surrounding the attacks of 11 September 2001. Increasingly, aid workers are now being viewed with suspicion as agents of the great powers and assertions of humanitarian neutrality are not heeded or rejected. Non-governmental organizations have evolved a range of options to address this problem, but there is an urgent need to work collectively to find more durable and coherent solutions.
authors: Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. jleaning@hsph.harvard.edu
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Leaning
mesh_terms: D000533:Altruism; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation / Q000266:history*; D009938:Organizations; D014481:United States; D014857:Warfare