title: Activation of an IL-6:STAT3-dependent transcriptome in pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While activation of the IL-6-dependent transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a direct effect on mucosal gene expression and inflammation has not been shown. We hypothesized that a proinflammatory IL-6:STAT3-dependent biological network would be up regulated in pediatric-onset IBD patients, and would be associated with the severity of mucosal inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with pediatric-onset IBD were enrolled at diagnosis and during therapy. Serum cytokine analysis was performed using Bioplex. STAT3 phosphorylation (pSTAT3) in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) was assessed by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry of colonic mucosa was used to localize pSTAT3 and STAT3 target genes. Microarray analysis was used to determine RNA expression profiles from colon biopsies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Circulating IL-6 was upregulated in active IBD patients at diagnosis and during therapy. STAT3 activation was increased in PB granulocytes, IL-6-stimulated CD3(+)/CD4(+) lymphocytes, and affected colon biopsies of IBD patients. The frequency of pSTAT3+ PB granulocytes and colon epithelial and lamina propria cells was highly correlated with the degree of mucosal inflammation. Microarray and Ingenuity Systems bioinformatics analysis identified IL-6:STAT3-dependent biological networks upregulated in IBD patients which control leukocyte recruitment, HLA expression, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A proinflammatory IL6:STAT3 biologic network is upregulated in active pediatric IBD patients at diagnosis and during therapy. Specific targeting of this network may be effective in reducing mucosal inflammation.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors: Rebecca
authors: R
authors: Carey
authors: Ingrid
authors: I
authors: Jurickova
authors: Edgar
authors: E
authors: Ballard
authors: Erin
authors: E
authors: Bonkowski
authors: Xiaonan
authors: X
authors: Han
authors: Huan
authors: H
authors: Xu
authors: Lee A
authors: LA
authors: Denson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000378:metabolism; D054371:Chemokine CXCL11 / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054371:Chemokine CXCL11; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor