title: Drilling simulated temporal bones with left-handed tools: a left-hander's right?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Left-handed trainees can be at a disadvantage in the surgical environment because of a right-handed bias. The effectiveness of teaching left-handed trainees to use an otologic drill designed for their dominant hand versus the conventional right-handed drill was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Novice medical students were recruited from the university community. Twenty-four subjects were left-handed, and 12 were right-handed. Eight left-handed surgeons also participated. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the performance of left-handed trainees using novel left-handed drills to that of left-handed trainees using right-handed tools and to that of right-handed trainees using right-handed tools. The evaluation consisted of 3 phases: pretest, skill acquisition, and 2 post-tests. The measurement tools included expert assessment of performance, and subjective and objective final product analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An initial construct validity phase was conducted in which validity of the assessment tools was ensured. Both the left-handers using left-handed tools and the right-handers using right-handed tools significantly outperformed the left-handers using right-handed tools at pretest, immediate posttest, and delayed posttest. All participants improved their performance as a function of practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The left-handed trainees learned bone drilling better with tools designed for the left hand. These tools may be incorporated into residency training programs for the development of surgical technical skills. Future studies should assess skill transfer between the left-handed and right-handed drills.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.
authors: Cory S
authors: CS
authors: Torgerson
authors: Ryan
authors: R
authors: Brydges
authors: Joseph M
authors: JM
authors: Chen
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Dubrowski
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D014207:Trephining / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods