title: Lopinavir-ritonavir monotherapy versus lopinavir-ritonavir and two nucleosides for maintenance therapy of HIV.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prior attempts to reduce the number of drugs needed to maintain viral suppression in patients with suppressed HIV replication while receiving three antiretroviral drugs have been unsuccessful.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 205 patients with suppressed HIV replication on lopinavir-ritonavir and two nucleosides, this randomized, open-label, non-inferiority clinical trial compared the strategies of continuation of triple therapy versus lopinavir-ritonavir monotherapy followed by reinduction with two nucleosides if virological rebound occurred without genotypic resistance to lopinavir-ritonavir. The primary endpoint was proportion of patients without therapeutic failure, defined as confirmed HIV RNA higher than 500 copies/mL (with exclusion of patients receiving monotherapy who resuppressed to < 50 copies/mL after resuming baseline nucleosides), or loss to follow-up, or change of randomized therapy other than reinduction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At week 48, the percentage of patients without therapeutic failure was 94% in the monotherapy group versus 90% in the triple therapy group (difference,-4%; upper limit of 95% confidence interval for difference, 3.4%). The percentage of patients with HIV RNA 50 copies/mL at 48 weeks by intention-to-treat, missing data or reinductions considered as failures, were 85% in the monotherapy group versus 90% in the triple therapy group (P = 0.31; 95% upper limit of 95% confidence interval for difference, 14%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this trial, 48 weeks of lopinavir-ritonavir monotherapy with reintroduction of nucleosides as needed was non-inferior to continuation of two nucleosides and lopinavir-ritonavir in patients with prior stable suppression. However, episodes of low level viremia were more common in patients receiving monotherapy.
authors: Unidad HIV and Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Federico
authors: F
authors: Pulido
authors: José R
authors: JR
authors: Arribas
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Delgado
authors: Esther
authors: E
authors: Cabrero
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: González-García
authors: María J
authors: MJ
authors: Pérez-Elias
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Arranz
authors: Joaquín
authors: J
authors: Portilla
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Pasquau
authors: José A
authors: JA
authors: Iribarren
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Rubio
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Norton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D061466:Lopinavir; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013030:Spain; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D009705:Nucleosides; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D012367:RNA, Viral; D061466:Lopinavir; D019438:Ritonavir