title: Short duration exhaustive aerobic exercise induces oxidative stress: a novel play-oriented volitional fatigue test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exercise is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. This study examined the oxidative stress in response to a novel volitional fatigue test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven male college students performed a volitional fatigue test consisting of shuttle runs with a tennis racquet in the hand towards the left and right sidelines within the tennis singles court in an attempt to hit tennis balls until exhaustion. A tennis ball serving machine was adjusted to alternate feeds to the forehand and backhand sides of the subjects, standing at the baseline, at a frequency of 20 balls per minute.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean time to volitional fatigue was 5.9+/-1.3 min and mean heart rate at volitional fatigue was 189+/-8.1 beats x min(-1). The volitional fatigue test resulted in significant increases in blood thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (22%), protein carbonyls (58%), catalase activity (143%), total antioxidant capacity (34%) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG, 81%) concentration, as well as significant decreases in reduced glutathione (GSH, 15%) concentration and GSH/GSSG ratio (56%) immediately postexercise, as compared to the pre-exercise concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data provide evidence that acute short duration exhaustive aerobic exercise in the form of a novel volitional fatigue test is capable of inducing oxidative stress. This novel test could serve as an alternative exercise modality to study oxidative stress.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kyparos
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Salonikidis
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Nikolaidis
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Kouretas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005221:Fatigue; D006115:Greece; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010988:Play and Playthings; D013715:Tennis