title: Comparison between two valsalva techniques for improvement of hypopharyngeal nasendoscopy: a preliminary communication.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the nasal valsalva with the trumpet manoeuvre and anterior neck skin traction as aids to nasendoscopic examination of the hypopharynx.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised, controlled comparison of examination techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single tertiary referral centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six adult patients requiring hypopharyngeal nasendoscopic examination were recruited. Patients were examined with both techniques in a randomised order that was recorded to video cassette.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blinded assessment of the percentage visualisation of the pyriform fossae, post-cricoid and upper oesophageal sphincter was carried out by three consultant otolaryngologists independently.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean percentage scores (and 95% confidence intervals) for nasal valsalva versus trumpet manoeuvre for the three consultants, respectively, were as follows: right pyriform fossa: 77(68, 87) versus 80(71, 91), 61(55, 66) versus 60(54, 66), 46(38, 54) versus 45(37, 54); left pyriform fossa: 76(65, 87) versus 80(69, 91), 59(53, 64) versus 55(49, 61), 42(35, 49) versus 42(35, 50); post-cricoid: 55(44, 67) versus 59(47, 71), 53(46, 60) versus 53(46, 60), 32(25, 39) versus 32(25, 39); upper oesophageal sphincter: 11(1, 21) versus 21(11, 31), 15(9, 21) versus 20(14, 26), 4(0, 8) versus 7(3, 11). No significant difference was found between the two techniques at any subsite. Individual differences were noted in a minority of patients where one or other technique gave a clearly improved view.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nasal valsalva and the trumpet manoeuvre with anterior neck skin traction are complementary techniques for improving the view of the hypopharynx.
authors: S R M
authors: SR
authors: Freeman
authors: A O
authors: AO
authors: Keith
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Aucott
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Kazmi
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Nigam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007013:Hypopharynx; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver