title: Efficacy of three rotary NiTi instruments in removing gutta-percha from root canals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the ability of three rotary nickel-titanium instruments and hand instrumentation to remove gutta-percha and sealer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty freshly extracted human single-rooted teeth, each with one root canal, were instrumented with K-files and filled using cold lateral compaction of gutta-percha and AH Plus (Dentsply Detrey, Konstanz, Germany) sealer. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 15 specimens each. Removal of gutta-percha was performed with the following devices and techniques: ProTaper, R-Endo, Mtwo and Hedström files. The specimens were rendered transparent and the area of remaining filling material on the root canal wall was measured using a computer image analysis program. Statistical analysis was accomplished by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests with Bonferroni correction for the analysis of residual root filling material and working time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ProTaper group had less filling material inside the root canals than the other groups, but a significant difference was found between only the ProTaper and Mtwo groups (P < 0.05). The retreatment time for Mtwo and ProTaper was significantly shorter compared with R-Endo and manual instrumentation with Hedström files (P < 0.001). R-Endo was significantly faster than manual instrumentation (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the experimental conditions, ProTaper left significantly less gutta-percha and sealer than Mtwo instruments. Complete removal of materials did not occur with any of the instrument systems investigated.
authors: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey. tamertd72@yahoo.com
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Taşdemir
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Er
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Yildirim
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Celik
mesh_terms: D003754:Dental High-Speed Equipment; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D006801:Humans; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D011859:Radiography; D019233:Retreatment / Q000295:instrumentation; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D014025:Titanium