MR urography in children: how we do it.
In this article we introduce the topic of MR urography in children, focusing on the details required to obtain consistently high-quality scans. Much of the information presented is based on our experience during the last 7 years. We have performed almost 1,000 MR urograms in children, and the technique has evolved considerably during this time. We have learned through trial and error and have improved our protocols to the point that our approach is now standardized and reliably generates high-quality studies. From this standardized protocol, further refinements in technique can be readily implemented. It is important to remember that this clinical application is in its infancy and will improve significantly with further technical development. This paper provides an overview of the practical issues associated with obtaining high-quality scans as well as an introduction into the interpretation of MR urograms.
Grattan-Smith
J Damien
JD
Department of Radiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1001 Johnson Ferry Road, Atlanta, GA 30342, USA. Damien.grattan-smith@choa.org
Little
Stephen B
SB
Jones
Richard A
RA
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000503:physiopathology; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology
D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA