title: Phytotoxicities of fluoranthene and phenanthrene deposited on needle surfaces of the evergreen conifer, Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.).
abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been widely studied with respect to their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on animals and human cells. Phenanthrene (PHE) and fluoranthene (FLU) effects on the needle photosynthetic traits of 2-year-old Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et. Zucc.) seedlings were investigated. Three months after fumigation of foliage with solutions containing these PAHs (10 microM each), FLU had negative effects on net photosynthesis at near-saturating irradiance, stomatal conductance, initial chlorophyll fluorescence, and the contents of total chlorophyll, magnesium, and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) of current-year needles. PHE had similar negative effects to FLU but in lesser magnitude. The effects of the PAHs were mitigated by the addition of an OH-radical scavenger (mannitol) into the PAH solutions. PAHs deposited on the surface of pine needles may induce the generation of reactive oxygen species in the photosynthetic apparatus, a manner closely resembling the action of the herbicide paraquat.
authors: Department of Environmental Dynamics and Management, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan.
authors: Ilemobayo
authors: I
authors: Oguntimehin
authors: Nobutake
authors: N
authors: Nakatani
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Sakugawa
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000032:analysis; D004463:Ecology / Q000379:methods; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000633:toxicity; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D008353:Mannitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000633:toxicity; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D028223:Pinus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005449:Fluorenes; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D002734:Chlorophyll; C007738:fluoranthene; D008353:Mannitol; C031181:phenanthrene; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase