title: The effectiveness of extended lymph node dissection for gastric cancer performed in Costa Rica under the supervision of a Japanese surgeon: a comparison with surgical results in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 1996, the Gastric Cancer Detection Center in Costa Rica (CR) initiated extended lymph node (D2) dissection for gastric cancer patients. We present an analysis of the surgical results compared with those in Japan.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  D2 dissection for gastric cancer is a standard surgical procedure in Japan, whereas it is still controversial in the West because of its poor survival benefit and high morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1996 and March 2000, 199 gastric cancer patients in Costa Rica underwent gastrectomy with D2 dissection (CR group). A Japanese surgeon performed or assisted on every gastrectomy with Costa Rican surgeons. During the same period, 497 gastric cancer patients underwent D2 dissection at Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWMU), Tokyo, Japan (TWMU group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The operative morbidity was 39.0% in the CR group and 27.0% in the TWMU group (P < .05). The 30-day postoperative mortality in the CR group and the TWMU group was 5% and 0.2%, respectively (P < .05). The 5-year survival rate in the CR group and the TWMU group was 98.0% and 99.3% in stage IA, 88.6% and 94.4% in stage IB, 77.8% and 76.9% in stage II, 60.1% and 66.4% in stage IIIA, 27.2% and 47.2% in stage IIIB, and 39.7% and 27.6% in stage VI, respectively (not significant in any stage). The overall 5-year survival rate in the CR group and the TWMU group was 72.5% and 69.7%, respectively (not significant).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  D2 dissection performed at the same level of quality as in Japan consequently produced the same long-term survival in Costa Rica as in Japan.
authors: Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. sasagawa@ige.twmu.ac.jp
authors: Tsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Sasagawa
authors: Horacio
authors: H
authors: Solano
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Vega
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Mena
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003364:Costa Rica; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome