title: Effects of exercise intensity on lymphocyte H2O2 production and antioxidant defences in soccer players.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Physical exercise is capable of enhancing or suppressing the immune response depending on the intensity and duration of exercise. This study investigated how exercise intensity influences the lymphocyte antioxidant response and the induction of cellular oxidative damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen voluntary male pre-professional soccer players participated in this study. Sportsmen played a 60 min training match, and were divided into three groups depending on the intensity degree during the match: low, medium and high intensities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamins C and E and haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression were measured in lymphocytes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined in lymphocytes and neutrophils.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lymphocyte MDA levels and H(2)O(2) production were significantly increased in the group which performed the most intense exercise. Neutrophil counts and ROS production increased progressively with the exercise intensity. Vitamin C significantly decreased after exercise in the highest-intensity group in comparison with initial values, whereas vitamin E levels significantly increased in the medium and high-intensity groups. HO-1 gene expression significantly increased in the medium and high-intensity groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise intensity affects the lymphocyte and neutrophil oxidant/antioxidant balance, but only exercise of high intensity induces lymphocyte oxidative damage.
authors: Laboratori de Ciències de l'Activitat Física, Departamentde Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Universitatde les Illes Balears, Spain.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sureda
authors: M D
authors: MD
authors: Ferrer
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Tauler
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Romaguera
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Drobnic
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Pujol
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Tur
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Pons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014810:Vitamin E; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D001205:Ascorbic Acid