title: Cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant status-improving efficacy of germinated giant embryonic rice (Oryza sativa L.) in high cholesterol-fed rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the current study is to investigate the influence of germinated giant embryonic rice consumption on the lipid metabolism and antioxidant system in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four groups of rats were given a diet containing 1 g cholesterol/kg for 5 weeks. The control group only received a high-cholesterol diet, while the other 3 experimental groups received each of the diets made of germinated giant embryonic rice, giant embryonic rice, or conventional brown rice (hereafter referred to as GGE-D, GE-D, and BR-D, respectively). Plasma and hepatic lipid profiles were measured, and the antioxidant status of liver was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in rats fed GGE-D compared with the source material (GE-D) or BR-D, while there were no differences in the plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations between the groups. Consequently, the atherogenic indices of the GGE-D and GE-D groups were significantly lower than for the other groups. The plasma and hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels were higher in rats in the order of those fed BR-D > GE-D > GGE-D. While superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly activated in rats fed both GGE-D and GE-D, glutathione peroxidase was significantly and most effectively activated in those fed GGE-D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current results indicate that consumption of germinated giant embryonic rice is effective in lowering atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease risk.
authors: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
authors: Yeon Ri
authors: YR
authors: Lee
authors: Chae Eun
authors: CE
authors: Kim
authors: Mi Young
authors: MY
authors: Kang
authors: Seok Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Nam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001835:Body Weight; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D018525:Germination; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size; D012275:Oryza / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol