Sexual dimorphism and temporomandibular disorders (TMD).
Numerous studies suggest a sexual predilection for temporomandibular disorders. The purpose of this article is to review and summarize patient-oriented and basic science studies that address the topic of a female predilection for temporomandibular disorders. The information presented provides oral and maxillofacial surgery practitioners with evidence-based data to suggest a female predilection for temporomandibular disorders based on biologic, genetic, and behavioral/psychosocial factors.
Halpern
Leslie R
LR
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Warren 1201, Boston, MA 02114, USA. lhalpern1@partners.org
Levine
Marci
M
Dodson
Thomas B
TB
D000818:Animals; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology