title: Heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (STa) can stimulate duodenal HCO3(-) secretion via a novel GC-C- and CFTR-independent pathway.
abstract: The heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (STa) is a potent stimulant of intestinal chloride and bicarbonate secretion. Guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C) has been shown to be the primary receptor involved in mediating this response. However, numerous studies have suggested the existence of an alternative STa-binding receptor. The aims of this study were to determine whether a non-GC-C receptor exists for STa and what is the functional relevance of this for intestinal bicarbonate secretion in mice. (125)I-STa-binding experiments were performed with intestinal mucosae from GC-C knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice. Subsequently, the functional relevance of an alternative STa-binding receptor was explored by examining STa-, uroguanylin-, and guanylin-stimulated duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS) in GC-C KO mice in vitro and in vivo. Significant (125)I-STa-binding occurred in the proximal small intestines of GC-C KO and WT mice. Analysis of binding coefficients and pH dependence showed that (125)I-STa-binding in GC-C KO mice involved a receptor distinct from that of WT mice. Functionally, STa, uroguanylin, and guanylin all stimulated a significant increase in DBS in GC-C KO mice. Uroguanylin- and guanylin-stimulated DBS were significantly inhibited by glibenclamide, but not by 4,4'-diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS). However, STa-stimulated DBS was unaffected by glibenclamide but inhibited by DIDS. Taken together, our results suggest that alternative, non-GC-C, receptors likely exist for STa, uroguanylin, and guanylin in the intestines of mice. While uroguanylin- and guanylin-stimulated DBS are cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dependent, STa-stimulated DBS is CFTR independent. Further understanding of this alternative receptor and its signaling pathway may provide important insights into rectification of intestinal bicarbonate secretion in cystic fibrosis.
authors: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors: Zachary M
authors: ZM
authors: Sellers
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Mann
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Smith
authors: Kwang Hyun
authors: KH
authors: Ko
authors: Ralph
authors: R
authors: Giannella
authors: Mitchell B
authors: MB
authors: Cohen
authors: Kim E
authors: KE
authors: Barrett
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Dong
mesh_terms: D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000378:metabolism*; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000502:physiology*; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008871:Microvilli / Q000648:ultrastructure; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000074261:Receptors, Enterotoxin; D050705:Receptors, Guanylate Cyclase-Coupled; D018000:Receptors, Peptide / Q000502:physiology*; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D001639:Bicarbonates; D004768:Enterotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; C480499:Slc9c1 protein, mouse; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; C034151:heat stable toxin (E coli); D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; C072685:guanylin; C084362:uroguanylin; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D000074261:Receptors, Enterotoxin; D050705:Receptors, Guanylate Cyclase-Coupled; D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; D005905:Glyburide