title: Direct electrical stimulation of Heschl's gyrus for tinnitus treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of electrical stimulation of the auditory cortex in patients with tinnitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonrandomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two patients with debilitating tinnitus refractory to conventional therapies were treated. Patients were evaluated with validated questionnaires and psychoacoustic measures to determine the frequency and pitch of their tinnitus. Tones at these frequencies were then presented to the first patient (RP) under magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine the tonotopic map for these frequencies in Heschl's gyrus. These tonotopic sites were targeted for implant with a quadripolar electrode. In the second patient (MV), only the fMRI tonotopic map was performed. These fMRI results detected an area of increased activity, which was selected as the site for the implanted bipolar electrode.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient RP (bilateral tinnitus for 2 years) has experienced a sustained reduction to near elimination of tinnitus with intracerebral implanted electrodes, whereas patient MV (unilateral tinnitus for 7 years) had an unsustained reduction in her tinnitus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the perception and annoyance of tinnitus may be modulated or reduced through electrical stimulation of the auditory cortex. These unsustained effects for patient MV may have been influenced by the longstanding nature of her tinnitus or by another reason as yet undetermined.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48323, USA. mseidma1@hfhs.org
authors: Michael D
authors: MD
authors: Seidman
authors: Dirk De
authors: DD
authors: Ridder
authors: Kost
authors: K
authors: Elisevich
authors: Susan M
authors: SM
authors: Bowyer
authors: Ilaaf
authors: I
authors: Darrat
authors: Jason
authors: J
authors: Dria
authors: Brad
authors: B
authors: Stach
authors: Quan
authors: Q
authors: Jiang
authors: Norman
authors: N
authors: Tepley
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Ewing
authors: Marlee
authors: M
authors: Seidman
authors: Jinsheng
authors: J
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001303:Auditory Cortex; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*