title: The St. Jude Medical cardiac valve prosthesis: long-term follow up of patients having double valve replacement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Between October 1977 and February 2002, a total of 343 patients (mean age 62 +/- 13 years; range: 19-91 years) underwent double valve replacement (DVR) with the St. Jude Medical (SJM) heart valve. Among the replacements, 337 (98%) were aortic and mitral in nature. Concomitant coronary artery bypass was performed in 73 patients (21%).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiac Surgical Associates has maintained an independent database of patients undergoing valve replacement with the SJM prosthesis since the valve's first implantation in October 1977. Patients were contacted by questionnaire and/or telephone (94% complete) between November 2002 and June 2003. The patients' hospital course and valve-related events were verified by patient chart review and/or physician contact.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Operative mortality was 8% (n = 29); mortality was valve-related in two cases. The mean follow up was 6.5 +/- 6.0 years (range: 1 month to 24 years); total follow up was 2,226 patient-years. Over 25 years, patient freedom from late mortality was 62%, and from valve-related mortality 78%. Freedom from thromboembolic events was 82% (93% from permanent defect), from bleeding events 76%, from endocarditis 98%, from valve thrombosis 99.9%, and from reoperation 98%. Six reoperations were carried out in five patients (2%), valve repair or replacement in five (2%), and suture closure of paravalvular leak in one patient (0.3%). There were no valve structural failures reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SJM valve has proven to be an effective and durable heart valve prosthesis. Over the long-term, the event rate is low and there is excellent freedom from reoperation in the double valve configuration.
authors: Cardiac Surgical Associates, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. robert.w.emery@healthpartners.com
authors: Robert W
authors: RW
authors: Emery
authors: Ann M
authors: AM
authors: Emery
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Krogh
authors: Jay G
authors: JG
authors: Shake
authors: Arlen R
authors: AR
authors: Holter
authors: David P
authors: DP
authors: Blake
authors: Goya V
authors: GV
authors: Raikar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery*