Estrogenic personal care products in a greywater reuse system.
The occurrence and fate of parabens in a greywater system was assessed. The potential for removal of residual paraben concentrations in effluent greywater with chlorine dioxide was also investigated. The influent to the greywater plant was characterised by considerable variation, with concentrations from below the detection limit to 40 microg/L and the five commonly used parabens in consumer products were frequently detected. After the biological treatment only two paraben were detected with concentration from 65-120 ng/L. Chlorine dioxide treatment of the biologically treated effluent with dosages down to 0.75 mg/L resulted in more than 97% reduction of all parabens. Formation of the by-product chloroform was insignificant from the chlorine dioxide treatment.
Andersen
H R
HR
Institute of Environment & Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark. hra@er.dtu.dk
Lundsbye
M
M
Wedel
H V
HV
Eriksson
E
E
Ledin
A
A
D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002725:Chloroform / Q000737:chemistry; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D010226:Parabens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D010226:Parabens; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002725:Chloroform; C025109:chlorine dioxide