title: Antimicrobial usage in paediatric intensive care units in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to determine antimicrobial usage in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were equally collected from 540 charts of PICUs in the three Chinese tertiary teaching children hospitals in 2006. The data included demographic, clinical data and those on antimicrobial usage and results of microbiological examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 540 cases, 524 (94.7%) patients received at least one antimicrobial agent. The main treatment started empirically in 387 (71.6%). The third-generation cephalosporins were the major antimicrobials used in all participating hospitals, accounting for 227 (31%). Bacteria were isolated from 48%, 68% and 59% of the three PICUs. Six common pathogens accounted for more than 75% of the isolated bacteria. The rates of Escherichia coli isolates resistant to cefotaxime were 73.8%, 58.3% and 49.2%, respectively, with the rate being higher in H1 than in H2 and H3 (both p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Irrational use of antimicrobials exists in clinical practice of PICUs in China. It is recommended that antimicrobial usage should be guided by bacterial isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility tests in order to select correct antimicrobials and to prevent emergency of drug-resistant strains in PICUs.
authors: Beijing Children's Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Ding
authors: Yonghong
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: Yuan
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Shaozhen
authors: S
authors: Fan
authors: Xuzhuang
authors: X
authors: Shen
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents