title: Body mass index and weight gain prior to pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to evaluate obesity and rate of weight change during the 5 years before pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a nested case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  GDM cases (n = 251) and controls (n = 204) were selected from a multiethnic cohort of 14,235 women who delivered a live birth between 1996 and 1998. Women who gained or lost weight were compared with those with a stable weight (+/- 1.0 kg/year).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women who gained weight at a rate of 1.1 to 2.2 kg/year had a small increased risk of GDM (odds ratio [OR] 1.63 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 2.81]) and women who gained weight at a rate of 2.3 to 10.0 kg/year had a 2.5-fold increased risk of GDM (OR 2.61 [95% CI, 1.50 to 4.57]), compared with women with stable weight (after adjusting for age, race-ethnicity, parity, and baseline body mass index).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Weight gain in the 5 years before pregnancy may increase the risk of GDM.
authors: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program of Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612-2304, USA. mmh@dor.kaiser.org
authors: Monique M
authors: MM
authors: Hedderson
authors: Michelle A
authors: MA
authors: Williams
authors: Victoria L
authors: VL
authors: Holt
authors: Noel S
authors: NS
authors: Weiss
authors: Assiamira
authors: A
authors: Ferrara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D015430:Weight Gain