Data quality of 5 years of central norovirus outbreak reporting in the European Network for food-borne viruses.
BACKGROUND
The food-borne viruses in Europe (FBVE) network database was established in 1999 to monitor trends in outbreaks of gastroenteritis due to noroviruses (NoVs), to identify major transmission routes of NoV infections within and between participating countries and to detect diffuse international food-borne outbreaks.


METHODS
We reviewed the total of 9430 NoV outbreak reports from 13 countries with date of onset between 1 January 2002 and 1 January 2007 for representativeness, completeness and timeliness against these objectives.


RESULTS
Rates of reporting ranged from a yearly average of 1.8 in 2003 to 11.6 in 2006. Completeness of reporting of an agreed minimum dataset improved over the years, both for epidemiological and virological data. For the 10 countries that provided integrated (epidemiological AND virological) reporting over the 5-year period, the completeness of the minimum dataset rose from 15% in 2003 to 48% in 2006. Two countries have not been able to combine both data types due to the structure of the national surveillance system (England and Wales and Germany). Timeliness of reporting (median days between the onset of an outbreak and the date of reporting to the FBVE database) differed greatly between countries, but gradually improved to 47 days in 2006.


CONCLUSIONS
The outbreaks reported to the FBVE reflect the lack of standardization of surveillance systems across Europe, making direct comparison of data between countries difficult. However, trends in reported outbreaks per country, distribution of NoV genotypes, and detection of diffuse international outbreaks were used as background data in acute questions about NoV illness and the changing genotype distribution during the 5-year period, shown to be of added value. Integrated reporting is essential for these objectives, but could be limited to sentinel countries with surveillance systems that allow this integration. For successful intervention in case of diffuse international outbreaks, completeness and timeliness of reporting would need to be improved and expanded to countries that presently do not participate.
Kroneman
A
A
National Institute for Public Health and Environment, Center for Infectious Disease Control, Postbus 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands. annelies.kroneman@rivm.nl
Harris
J
J
Vennema
H
H
Duizer
E
E
van Duynhoven
Y
Y
Gray
J
J
Iturriza
M
M
Böttiger
B
B
Falkenhorst
G
G
Johnsen
C
C
von Bonsdorff
C-H
CH
Maunula
L
L
Kuusi
M
M
Pothier
P
P
Gallay
A
A
Schreier
E
E
Koch
J
J
Szücs
G
G
Reuter
G
G
Krisztalovics
K
K
Lynch
M
M
McKeown
P
P
Foley
B
B
Coughlan
S
S
Ruggeri
F M
FM
Di Bartolo
I
I
Vainio
K
K
Isakbaeva
E
E
Poljsak-Prijatelj
M
M
Grom
A Hocevar
AH
Bosch
A
A
Buesa
J
J
Fauquier
A Sanchez
AS
Hernandéz-Pezzi
G
G
Hedlund
K-O
KO
Koopmans
M
M
D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003625:Data Collection / Q000592:standards*; D019992:Databases as Topic; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005506:Food Contamination; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D029322:Norovirus; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011634:Public Health; D012307:Risk Factors; D012449:Safety; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors