An epidemic of plasmids? Dissemination of extended-spectrum cephalosporinases among Salmonella and other Enterobacteriaceae.
CTX-M- and AmpC-type beta-lactamases comprise the two most rapidly growing populations among the extended-spectrum cephalosporinases. The evolution and dissemination of resistance genes encoding these enzymes occur mostly through the transmission of plasmids. The high prevalence of clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae producing the plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum cephalosporinases resembles an epidemic of plasmids, and has generated serious therapeutic problems. This review describes the emergence and worldwide spread of various classes of plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum cephalosporinases in Salmonella and other Enterobacteriaceae, the transfer mechanism of the plasmids, detection methods, and therapeutic choices.
Su
Lin-Hui
LH
Department of Clinical Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Chu
Chishih
C
Cloeckaert
Axel
A
Chiu
Cheng-Hsun
CH
D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002510:Cephalosporinase / Q000235:genetics*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D010957:Plasmids; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance / Q000235:genetics*
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002510:Cephalosporinase