title: Effect of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) and ethanol on the Albino rat testis: a scanning electron microscopic approach.
abstract: The effects of sildenafil citrate with ethanol on the rat testis was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Male Albino rats were divided into 8 groups, each being treated for a maximum of 45 days as follows. In the 4 short-term treatment groups, control rats were administered normal saline orally, whereas experimental animals were fed sildenafil citrate (Viagra) 1 microg/g with 18% ethanol (5 g/kg body weight), which was given orally as a single dose. After 1, 2.5, 4 and 24h the rats were killed. In the 4 long-term treatment groups, daily continuous doses of drug and ethanol with a single dosage were given for 15, 30 and 45 days and the animals killed 4h after the last dosage. Changes in the testis were compared with the normal healthy rat testis. The use of a scanning electron microscope for evaluation of the changes in the testis is more suitable for observation of the surface and morphological shapes of the tissue structures.
authors: Department of Physics Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India. sivasankarang@rediffmail.com
authors: T G
authors: TG
authors: Sivasankaran
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Udayakumar
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Elanchezhiyan
authors: Selvi
authors: S
authors: Sabhanayakam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011687:Purines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013450:Sulfones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; D000431:Ethanol; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate