title: The effect of routine intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography on surgical management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of routine intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) on surgical management of patients undergoing all types of cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-institution, clinical investigation, university-affiliated hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred eighty-three consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive TEE examination was performed in every patient after the induction of anesthesia. An appropriate surgical plan was then developed. A focused TEE examination was also performed at the conclusion of surgery. Whether or not TEE findings represented new information and whether or not this new information altered surgical management was documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 106 new TEE findings in 87 patients (31%). Half of the new findings involved the mitral valve, and a quarter involved the tricuspid valve. The new TEE information altered surgical management 77 ways in 71 patients (25%). Half of the altered surgical managements involved the mitral valve, and a third involved the tricuspid valve. In 8 patients (3%), TEE information influenced decisions regarding use/nonuse of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In 2 patients, TEE examination after the separation from CPB prompted reinitiation of CPB. In 1 patient, TEE examination after the induction of general anesthesia prompted cancellation of surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The routine use of TEE during cardiac surgery revealed new cardiac pathology in 1 of every 3 patients and led to altered surgical management in 1 of every 4 patients. TEE information also influenced decisions regarding use/nonuse of CPB in 3% of patients. Thus, the authors suggest that intraoperative TEE should be used routinely in all patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
authors: Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors: Mohammed
authors: M
authors: Minhaj
authors: Komal
authors: K
authors: Patel
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Muzic
authors: Avery
authors: A
authors: Tung
authors: Valluvan
authors: V
authors: Jeevanandam
authors: Jai
authors: J
authors: Raman
authors: Mark A
authors: MA
authors: Chaney
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D003657:Decision Making; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging