title: Early positive emotionality as a heterogeneous trait: implications for children's self-regulation.
abstract: Young children's positive affect in scripted laboratory procedures and in free-flowing social interactions may reflect the activation of related but distinct aspects of positive emotionality (PE), with different implications for self-regulation. The authors observed children's PE in scripted laboratory procedures and in naturalistic interactions with mothers in 2 studies: at 9, 14, 22, 33, and 45 months (the Parent-Child Study, N=112) and at 7, 15, 25, 38, and 52 months (the Family Study, N=102). Measures of self-regulation included effortful control (observed in the Parent-Child Study at 22, 33, and 45 months and in the Family Study at 25, 38, and 52 months) and rule-compatible conduct (observed in the Parent-Child Study at 56 and 73 months and in the Family Study at 38 and 52 months). In both studies, 2 PE measures had distinct implications: PE in scripted procedures related negatively, whereas PE in mother-child interactions related positively to self-regulation. In both studies, those differential effects were particularly clear for children's effortful control. A view of early PE as having a heterogeneous nature may inform researchers' understanding of its role in the developing personality.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Iowa.
authors: Grazyna
authors: G
authors: Kochanska
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Iowa.
authors: Nazan
authors: N
authors: Aksan
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Iowa.
authors: Sara J
authors: SJ
authors: Penney
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Iowa.
authors: Alissa F
authors: AF
authors: Doobay
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012649:Self Concept; D012927:Social Control, Informal