title: Capgras syndrome and its relationship to neurodegenerative disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Capgras syndrome is characterized by a delusional belief that a person has been replaced by an imposter. It has been described in psychiatric and neurological (neurodegenerative and nonneurodegenerative) diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the clinical and demographic features of subjects with Capgras syndrome differ when the syndrome is associated with neurodegenerative compared with nonneurodegenerative diseases, and whether features differ across different neurodegenerative diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care medical center. Patients Forty-seven subjects with Capgras syndrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight of the subjects with Capgras syndrome (81%) had a neurodegenerative disease, most commonly Lewy body disease. Capgras syndrome occurred at a younger age of onset in those with a nonneurodegenerative disease (51 vs 72 years) (P < .001) co-occurring with paranoid schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and methamphetamine abuse and immediately after cerebrovascular events. Of those with Capgras syndrome and Lewy body disease, 100% had visual hallucinations compared with only one of those with Alzheimer disease (14%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Capgras syndrome is more commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases, especially Lewy body disease, where visual hallucinations always coexist. In the absence of a neurodegenerative disease, the onset of Capgras syndrome occurs at a significantly younger age and can be associated with psychiatric disease, cerebrovascular events, and illicit drug use.
authors: Divisions of Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Josephs.keith@mayo.edu
authors: Keith A
authors: KA
authors: Josephs
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002194:Capgras Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D003702:Delusions / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020961:Lewy Body Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D012189:Retrospective Studies