Insulin resistance -- the role of ethnicity: evidence from Caucasian and African cohorts.
The risk for insulin resistance and subsequent type 2 diabetes varies between different ethnic populations due to differences in the genetic and environmental background. However, obesity and unhealthy lifestyle, crucial determinants of insulin resistance, are on the rise throughout all population groups though the susceptibility towards those factors may differ. Up to the present day it is not clear whether insulin resistance is based on metabolic changes due to lifestyle modifications or rather an ethnic and thus genetic grounded phenomenon. Genetic variations in secretion products of the active fat tissue (adipokines), a different pathophysiology of changes in glucose metabolism and the deep impact of urbanization (environmental factors) are discussed as primary determinants for differences in manifestation of insulin resistance between Caucasian and African populations. These factors may be influenced or modified by a central theme: visceral obesity. This mini review will elaborate on these issues illustrated by observations from Caucasian and African cohorts.
Reimann
M
M
Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Technical University Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.
Schutte
A E
AE
Schwarz
P E H
PE
D044383:Black People; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000208:ethnology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000473:pathology; D044465:White People