title: Swine dust exposure is a model for rapid induction of non-allergic neutrophil inflammation in the nasal mucosa of healthy volunteers, and the symptoms as well as the microcirculation are modified by nasal lavage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pathophysiological mechanism of non-allergic rhinitis is not clear and there is a lack of models in healthy volunteers. It has previously been shown that swine dust exposure is an excellent method for inducing inflammatory changes in the lower airways. We have shown earlier that exposure to swine dust increases the histamine sensitivity of the nasal mucosa as measured by rhinostereometry. In this study the aim was to investigate the effects of swine dust exposure on nasal symptoms as well as the microcirculation. Furthermore, the effect on nasal lavage was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen subjects were exposed to swine dust during a three-hour period of work in a swine house. Nasal symptoms and the nasal mucosal response to histamine before and after exposure to swine dust were evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry and nasal lavage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to swine dust increased nasal symptoms and levels of neutrophils, IL-8 and albumin. The increase in nasal symptoms and the microcirculation were modified by nasal lavage. CMBC correlated inversely with an increase in albumin (p = 0.018, R = -0.95).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Swine dust exposure is a useful model for inducing nasal inflammation in healthy volunteers. Furthermore, nasal lavage modifies subjective as well as objective parameters, which should be considered when designing studies. Nasal lavage may be useful in the treatment of workers in a swine dust environment.
authors: Department of Clinic Sience, Intervention an Technology, Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. anders.ehnhage@proxima.ptj.se
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Ehnhage
authors: Karl-Gustav
authors: KG
authors: Kölbeck
authors: Jan-Erik
authors: JE
authors: Juto
authors: Hans
authors: H
authors: Grudemo
authors: Pär
authors: P
authors: Stjärne
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004391:Dust; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008833:Microcirculation; D017817:Nasal Lavage Fluid; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply / Q000276:immunology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000737:chemistry; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D004391:Dust; D016209:Interleukin-8