title: Surgical treatment of sternoclavicular joint infections in cirrhotic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cirrhotic patients with sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) infection pose a unique challenge for which there are no management guidelines. We reviewed our experience with this unusual infection in this high-risk patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients with cirrhosis (n = 5) treated surgically for SCJ infection from January 1998 to July 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All infections were locally advanced with bone necrosis, complex abscess formation, or mediastinal involvement. En bloc SCJ resection was performed in 3 patients. A more conservative approach of incision and drainage with debridement was performed in 2 patients. Sepsis and/or pulmonary compromise occurred in all patients postoperatively and the surgical mortality rate was 40%. All deaths occurred after en bloc SCJ resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sternoclavicular joint infections in cirrhotic patients tend to be extensive in nature and pose a high surgical risk. Adequate surgical drainage and debridement may be better tolerated than a radical en block resection.
authors: Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA. fbakaeen@bcm.edu
authors: Faisal G
authors: FG
authors: Bakaeen
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Huh
authors: Shawn P
authors: SP
authors: Fagan
authors: Charles F
authors: CF
authors: Bellows
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D003646:Debridement; D004322:Drainage; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013247:Sternoclavicular Joint / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*