title: Motor skill training, but not voluntary exercise, improves skilled reaching after unilateral ischemic lesions of the sensorimotor cortex in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exercise and rehabilitative training each have been implicated in the promotion of restorative neural plasticity after cerebral injury. Because motor skill training induces synaptic plasticity and exercise increases plasticity-related proteins, we asked if exercise could improve the efficacy of training on a skilled motor task after focal cortical lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female young and middle-aged rats were trained on the single-pellet retrieval task and received unilateral ischemic sensorimotor cortex lesions contralateral to the trained limb. Rats then received both, either, or neither voluntary running and/or rehabilitative training for 5 weeks beginning 5 days postlesion. Motor skill training consisted of daily practice of the impaired forelimb in a tray-reaching task. Exercised rats had free access to running wheels for 6 h/day. Reaching function was periodically probed using the single-pellet retrieval task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In young adults, motor skill training significantly enhanced skilled reaching recovery compared to controls. However, exercise did not significantly enhance performance when administered alone or in combination with skill training. There was also no major benefit of exercise in older rats. Additionally, there were no effects of exercise in a measure of coordinated forelimb placement (the foot-fault test) or in immunocytochemical measures of several plasticity-related proteins in the motor cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In young and middle-aged animals, exercise did not improve motor skill training efficacy following ischemic lesions. Practicing motor skills more effectively improved recovery of these skills than did exercise. It remains possible that an alternative manner of administering exercise would be more effective.
authors: Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
authors: Monica A
authors: MA
authors: Maldonado
authors: Rachel P
authors: RP
authors: Allred
authors: Erik L
authors: EL
authors: Felthauser
authors: Theresa A
authors: TA
authors: Jones
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005552:Forelimb / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007858:Learning; D009043:Motor Activity; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009048:Motor Skills; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000379:methods; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans