title: The effects of chiropractic, massage and phenylbutazone on spinal mechanical nociceptive thresholds in horses without clinical signs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Common methods used to treat back problems in horses need to be assessed objectively.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure spinal mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNTs) and evaluate the effects of chiropractic, massage and phenylbutazone, compared with active and inactive control groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline MNTs at 7 sites within the thoracolumbar and sacral regions were measured in 38 healthy mature horses exhibiting no clinical signs of lumbar pain. Horses were assigned to one of 3 treatment groups: instrument-assisted chiropractic treatment, therapeutic massage and phenylbutazone; or 2 control groups: ridden exercise (active control) or routine paddock turnout with no ridden exercise (inactive control). MNT measurements were repeated at 1, 3 and 7 days post treatment. The percentage change from baseline MNT values was calculated within groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On Day 7, the median MNT had increased by 27, 12 and 8% in the chiropractic, massage and phenylbutazone groups, respectively. MNT changes of <1% were seen within the active and inactive control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chiropractic treatment and massage therapy increased spinal MNTs within horses not exhibiting signs of lumbar pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pressure algometry provides an objective tool to evaluate the effects of commonly used, but currently unproven treatment modalities on spinal MNTs. Future studies need to evaluate combined treatment effects and longer-term MNT changes in horses with documented back pain.
authors: Valley Central High School, Montgomery, NY 12549, USA.
authors: K A
authors: KA
authors: Sullivan
authors: A E
authors: AE
authors: Hill
authors: K K
authors: KK
authors: Haussler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001416:Back Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000379:methods; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D026882:Manipulation, Chiropractic / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008405:Massage / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000502:physiology; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D010653:Phenylbutazone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D011312:Pressure; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010653:Phenylbutazone