title: Cognitive dysfunction in HIV encephalitic SCID mice correlates with levels of Interferon-alpha in the brain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interferon alpha (IFNalpha) is an antiviral cytokine produced in response to viral infection. IFNalpha also acts as a neuromodulatory molecule in the central nervous system (CNS). Elevated IFNalpha in the CNS causes cognitive deficits.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if elevated levels of IFNalpha in an HIV encephalitis mouse model correlate with cognitive deficits.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57BL/6J SCID mice were inoculated intracerebrally (i.c.) with HIV infected or uninfected (control) macrophages and cognitively tested in a water escape radial arm maze. After behavioral testing was completed, immunohistochemistry and ELISA were used to examine brain pathology and IFNalpha expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice injected i.c. with HIV infected macrophages exhibited significantly more working memory errors, particularly in trials with the highest memory load. Immunohistochemistry indicated increased mouse IFNalpha staining prevalent on neurons and glial cells in the brains of mice with HIV infected macrophages compared to mice with uninfected control macrophages. In addition, IFNalpha levels in the brain correlated directly with working memory errors for mice with HIV infected macrophages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the cognitive deficit noted for the C57BL/6J SCID mice with HIV infected macrophages is mediated by the infection induced increase in IFNalpha.
authors: Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, USA.
authors: Andrew R
authors: AR
authors: Sas
authors: Heather A
authors: HA
authors: Bimonte-Nelson
authors: William R
authors: WR
authors: Tyor
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000276:immunology* / Q000523:psychology*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology*; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D015497:HIV-1; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000032:analysis*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D023421:Models, Animal; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha