title: Intra-arrest cooling with delayed reperfusion yields higher survival than earlier normothermic resuscitation in a mouse model of cardiac arrest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) represents an important method to attenuate post-resuscitation injury after cardiac arrest. Laboratory investigations have suggested that induction of hypothermia before return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) may confer the greatest benefit. We hypothesized that a short delay in resuscitation to induce hypothermia before ROSC, even at the expense of more prolonged ischemia, may yield both physiological and survival advantages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiac arrest was induced in C57BL/6 mice using intravenous potassium chloride; resuscitation was attempted with CPR and fluid administration. Animals were randomized into three groups (n=15 each): a normothermic control group, in which 8 min of arrest at 37 degrees C was followed by resuscitation; an early intra-arrest hypothermia group, in which 6.5 min of 37 degrees C arrest were followed by 90s of cooling, with resuscitation attempted at 30 degrees C (8 min total ischemia); and a delayed intra-arrest hypothermia group, with 90s cooling begun after 8 min of 37 degrees C ischemia, so that animals underwent resuscitation at 9.5 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Animals treated with TH demonstrated improved hemodynamic variables and survival compared to normothermic controls. This was the case even when comparing the delayed intra-arrest hypothermia group with prolonged ischemia time against normothermic controls with shorter ischemia time (7-day survival, 4/15 vs. 0/15, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short resuscitation delays to allow establishment of hypothermia before ROSC appear beneficial to both cardiac function and survival. This finding supports the concept that post-resuscitation injury processes begin immediately after ROSC, and that intra-arrest cooling may serve as a useful therapeutic approach to improve survival.
authors: Emergency Resuscitation Center, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors: Danhong
authors: D
authors: Zhao
authors: Benjamin S
authors: BS
authors: Abella
authors: David G
authors: DG
authors: Beiser
authors: Jason P
authors: JP
authors: Alvarado
authors: Huashan
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Kimm J
authors: KJ
authors: Hamann
authors: Terry L Vanden
authors: TL
authors: Hoek
authors: Lance B
authors: LB
authors: Becker
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy*; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D011897:Random Allocation; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015996:Survival Rate