Job adjustment and absence from work in mid-pregnancy in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).
BACKGROUND
Pregnant women at work have special needs, and sick leave is common. However, job adjustment in pregnancy is addressed in European legislation. Our main objective was to examine if job adjustment was associated with reduced absence.


METHODS
This study is based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. 28,611 employed women filled in questionnaires in weeks 17 and 30 in pregnancy. The risk of absence for more than 2 weeks was studied among those who were not absent in week 17 (n = 22,932), and the probability of return to work in week 30 among those who were absent in week 17 (n = 5679). Data were based on self-report. The influence of job adjustment (three categories: not needed, needed but not obtained, needed and obtained) was analysed in additive models in multivariable binomial regression. Associations with other job characteristics and work environment factors were also analysed.


RESULTS
The risk of absence for more than 2 weeks was 0.308 and the probability of return to work was 0.137. Compared with women who needed but did not achieve job adjustment, obtained job adjustment was associated with a 0.107 decreased risk of absence (95% confidence interval 0.090 to 0.125) in a model including other job characteristics and work environment factors. Job adjustment was correspondingly associated with a 0.041 (0.023 to 0.059) increased probability of return to work. Absence was associated with adverse work environment, whereas the opposite pattern was found for return to work among those who started off being absent.


CONCLUSIONS
Job adjustment was associated with reduced absence from work in pregnancy. Results should be interpreted cautiously because of low participation in MoBa and potential information bias from self-reported data.
Kristensen
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P
National Institute of Occupational Health, POB 8149 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. petter.kristensen@stami.no
Nordhagen
R
R
Wergeland
E
E
Bjerkedal
T
T
D000041:Absenteeism; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009790:Occupations; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D012307:Risk Factors; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012917:Social Adjustment; D014931:Women, Working; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance; D016526:Workload / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017132:Workplace