title: Thermal comfort and sensation in men wearing a cooling system controlled by skin temperature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was done to determine whether thermal comfort (TC), thermal sensation (TS), and subjective factors gauging environmental stress were negatively affected with different cooling methods in men exercising in chemical protective clothing.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have reported that intermittent regional cooling improved the efficacy of cooling as compared with constant cooling (CC), but no studies have addressed whether there is any improvement in thermal comfort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight male volunteers exercised at moderate work intensity (425 W) in three microclimate cooling tests. The circulating fluid in the cooling garment was provided during exercise to the head (6% body surface area [BSA]), torso (22% BSA), and thighs (44% BSA) and manipulated under three methods: (a) CC, (b) pulsed cooling (PC), and (c) PC activated by mean skin temperature (T(sk)) control (PC(skin)). TC and TS ratings were recorded every 20 min during the 80-min test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TC and TS ratings were not different for PC(skin) and CC; thus the participants perceived PC(skin) as being similar to CC. TS was significantly warmer with PC than with PC(skin) and CC (p < .001). In PC(skin), T(sk) was significantly higher than in PC and CC (p < .001), and PC(skin) was rated as being not as warm as PC according to TS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This indicates that the PC(skin) method was perceived as being as cool as CC and cooler than PC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that the PC(skin) cooling method is an acceptable alternative to CC and PC based on human perceptions.
authors: US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, USA. carrie.vernieuw@gmail.com
authors: Carrie R
authors: CR
authors: Vernieuw
authors: Lou A
authors: LA
authors: Stephenson
authors: Margaret A
authors: MA
authors: Kolka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D006804:Ergonomics; D015444:Exercise; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D006359:Heat Exhaustion / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008887:Military Medicine; D008889:Military Personnel; D011481:Protective Clothing; D012881:Skin Temperature
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances