title: Diminished cortisol responses to psychosocial stress associated with lifetime adverse events a study among healthy young subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Animal and human studies have found that prior stressful events can result in an altered reactivity in the HPA axis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of adverse events in childhood on cortisol reactivity to psychosocial stress in young healthy subjects (n=80).
  
  
  METHODS
  Salivary cortisol levels were measured before, during and after exposure to a psychosocial stress task in healthy men and women with high (n=33) and low (n=47) exposure to adverse childhood events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant blunted cortisol response was found in individuals with a history of adverse events compared to individuals with no adverse life events, with no differences in baseline cortisol levels. This finding appeared to be primarily driven by men. The groups did not differ on any other physiological or subjective stress measure, including heart rate, blood pressure, and subjective tension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that, at least in healthy young males, adverse childhood events are associated with changes in HPA-axis functioning. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate whether the blunted cortisol response is a risk factor in the etiology of psychiatric disorders or rather reflects resiliency with regard to the development of psychopathology.
authors: Department of Clinical, Health and NeuroPsychology, University of Leiden, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands. elzinga@fsw.leidenuniv.nl
authors: Bernet M
authors: BM
authors: Elzinga
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Roelofs
authors: Marieke S
authors: MS
authors: Tollenaar
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Bakvis
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: van Pelt
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Spinhoven
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D054523:Adult Survivors of Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000378:metabolism; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000378:metabolism; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012016:Reference Values; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D012737:Sex Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone