title: High-frequency ultrasound of skin involvement in systemic sclerosis reflects oedema, extension and severity in early disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to compare skin assessment by palpation and by high-frequency ultrasound in patients with SSc with disease duration <2 yrs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Skin thickness and skin echogenicity were measured by 20 MHz ultrasound at five different anatomical sites in 106 individuals within 2 yrs from the first non-Raynaud's symptom and compared with the modified Rodnan skin score (mRss).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients with short disease duration were characterized by high skin thickness and low skin echogenicity, which correlated inversely, reflecting oedema. Patients with diffuse skin involvement displayed higher skin thickness and lower skin echogenicity than did patients with limited skin involvement. The ultrasound measurements correlated to the local mRss from the corresponding anatomical region and also to the total mRss. However, there was a considerable overlap in both skin thickness and skin echogenicity between different local mRss at all five anatomical sites. Skin involvement of the chest could be detected earlier by ultrasound than by palpation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In SSc patients with short disease duration, high-frequency ultrasound can identify the oedematous phase that may precede palpable skin involvement and may thus be useful to identify patients with diffuse skin involvement very early in the disease process. Ultrasound measurements also reflect the severity of the overall skin involvement.
authors: Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden. roger.hesselstrand@skane.se
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Hesselstrand
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Scheja
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Wildt
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Akesson
mesh_terms: D004487:Edema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005542:Forearm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010173:Palpation / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012867:Skin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013909:Thorax / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*