title: Expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1, -beta 2, and -beta 3 in human developing teeth: immunolocalization according to the odontogenesis phases.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional growth factor that has several biological effects in vivo, including control of cell growth and differentiation, cell migration, lineage determination, motility, adhesion, apoptosis, and synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix, and TGF-beta plays an important role in regulating tissue repair and regeneration. Our study analyzed the participation of TGF-beta 1, -beta 2, and -beta 3 in the different stages of morphogenesis and differentiation of human developing dental organ using immunohistochemistry. The maxillae and mandibles of 10 human embryos ranging from 8 to 23 weeks of gestation were employed, according to the approval of the ethical committee. Our study revealed that the TGF-beta subunits-beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3-were present in the various stages of tooth development, but the expression varied according to the differentiation stage, tissue, and TGF-beta subunit. Our results indicated that TGF-beta 1 is closely related to differentiation of enamel organ and initiation of matrix secretion, TGF-beta 2 to cellular differentiation, and TGF-beta 3 to mineral maturation matrix.
authors: Department of General Pathology, Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Ana Paula
authors: AP
authors: Sassá Benedete
authors: Ana Paula Veras
authors: AP
authors: Sobral
authors: Dirce Mary Correia
authors: DM
authors: Lima
authors: Leonardo
authors: L
authors: Kamibeppu
authors: Fernando Augusto
authors: FA
authors: Soares
authors: Silvia Vanessa
authors: SV
authors: Lourenço
mesh_terms: D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D014070:Tooth / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3 / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3