title: Clinical scale ex vivo expansion of cord blood-derived outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells is associated with high incidence of karyotype aberrations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are involved in neovessel formation. So far, therapeutic angiogenesis is hampered by the low frequency and limited proliferative potential of these cells isolated from peripheral blood. Recently, it has been shown that cord blood-derived EPCs (CB EPCs) can be ex vivo expanded on a clinical scale. In this study, we evaluated the expansion potential of CB EPCs together with their phenotypic, functional, and chromosomal stability over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Flow cytometry, in vitro tube formation, and proliferation assays were performed to characterize CB EPC-derived cells. Chromosomal stability was evaluated by karyotype analysis. In vitro and in vivo tumorigenicity was evaluated by soft agar assay and injection into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We showed that CB EPC-derived cells displayed phenotypic and functional features of EPCs, although a process of maturation was observed over time. Although we confirmed that CB EPCs have a greater expansion potential compared to peripheral blood EPCS, we observed a high incidence of cytogenetic alterations (71%) in the expanded endothelial cell population, even at early times of culture. In two cases, spontaneous transformation in vitro was documented, but none of the samples tested showed tumorigenic potential in vivo. Conversely, no karyotype alterations have been observed on peripheral blood EPCs-derived cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We confirm that CB represents a good source for clinical ex vivo expansion of EPCs. However, because of high frequency of karyotype alterations, these cells cannot be considered free of risk in clinical application.
authors: Centro Cellule Staminali e Terapia Cellulare, Ospedale San Martino, Genova, Italy. mirkocorselli@yahoo.it
authors: Mirko
authors: M
authors: Corselli
authors: Alessia
authors: A
authors: Parodi
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Mogni
authors: Nadia
authors: N
authors: Sessarego
authors: Annalisa
authors: A
authors: Kunkl
authors: Franca
authors: F
authors: Dagna-Bricarelli
authors: Adalberto
authors: A
authors: Ibatici
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Pozzi
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Bacigalupo
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Frassoni
authors: Giovanna
authors: G
authors: Piaggio
mesh_terms: D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007621:Karyotyping; D012307:Risk Factors; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology