title: HIV rates and risk behaviors are low in the general population of men in Southern India but high in alcohol venues: results from 2 probability surveys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As the HIV epidemic continues to expand in India, empiric data are needed to determine the course of the epidemic for high-risk populations and the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two probability surveys were conducted in Chennai slums among a household sample of men and alcohol venue patrons ("wine shops") to compare HIV and other sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevalence and to identify STD behavioral risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The wine shop sample (n = 654) had higher rates of HIV and prevalent STDs (HIV, herpes simplex virus 2 [HSV-2], syphilis, gonorrhea, or chlamydia) compared with the household sample (n = 685) (3.4% vs. 1.2%, P = 0.007 and 21.6% vs. 11.8%, P < 0.0001, respectively). High-risk behaviors in the household sample was rare (<4%), but 69.6% of wine shop patrons had >2 partners, 58.4% had unprotected sex with a casual partner, and 54.1% had exchanged sex for money in the past 3 months. A multivariate model found that older age, ever being married, ever being tested for HIV, and having unprotected sex in the past 3 months were associated with STD prevalence in wine shop patrons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalent HIV and STDs, and sexual risk behaviors are relatively low among the general population of men. We found that men who frequent alcohol venues practice high-risk behaviors and have high rates of STDs, including HIV, and may play an important role in expanding the Indian epidemic.
authors: Infectious Diseases Program, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. vgo@jhsph.edu
authors: Vivian F
authors: VF
authors: Go
authors: Suniti
authors: S
authors: Solomon
authors: Aylur K
authors: AK
authors: Srikrishnan
authors: Sudha
authors: S
authors: Sivaram
authors: Sethulakshmi C
authors: SC
authors: Johnson
authors: Teerada
authors: T
authors: Sripaipan
authors: Kailapuri G
authors: KG
authors: Murugavel
authors: Carl
authors: C
authors: Latkin
authors: Kenneth
authors: K
authors: Mayer
authors: David D
authors: DD
authors: Celentano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D040541:Marketing; D011336:Probability; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D014920:Wine