title: Flap designs for lower lip reconstruction.
abstract: Lower lip reconstruction is ideally achieved with innervated flaps that supply mucosa, functional muscle, and skin. These flaps should be capable of being used when vermilionectomy is necessary. The size and shape of the defect determine the optimal flap. This article illustrates the flaps used by the authors for particular reconstructive problems.
authors: Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Baltimore College of Dentistry, University of Maryland, 666 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. rord@umm.edu
authors: Robert A
authors: RA
authors: Ord
authors: Alexander E
authors: AE
authors: Pazoki