title: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1-induced human endometrial stromal cell decidualization through extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Smad activation in vitro: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma acts as a negative regulator of TGF-beta1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Smad pathway and the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma in cultured human endometrial stromal cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infertility center of a tertiary university hospital. MATERIAL(S): Human endometrial tissues obtained by hysterectomy from patients with conditions other than endometrial diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endometrial stromal cells were cultured under normal laboratory conditions. TGF-beta1, rosiglitazone (PPARgamma agonist), and PD98059 (ERK inhibitor) were added to endometrial stromal cell culture according to experimental purposes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell count, PRL expression, Smad and ERK phosphorylation, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression, and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) release.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TGF-beta1 inhibited cellular proliferation and induced the expressions of COX-2, PGE(2), and PRL of cultured human endometrial stromal cells. These effects may be mediated by Smad and ERK phosphorylation. Treatment with rosiglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, reversed the TGF-beta1 effect by antagonizing the activation of ERK and Smad that was induced by TGF-beta1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PPARgamma plays a negative role by directly acting on Smad and ERK phosphorylation in human endometrial cell decidualization that is induced by TGF-beta1 in vitro.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
authors: Hye Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Chang
authors: Jae Hoon
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Kyung Joo
authors: KJ
authors: Hwang
authors: Mi Ran
authors: MR
authors: Kim
authors: Ki Hong
authors: KH
authors: Chang
authors: Dong Wook
authors: DW
authors: Park
authors: Churl K
authors: CK
authors: Min
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D047495:PPAR gamma; D051785:Smad Proteins; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases