Low-V(pi) electro-optic modulator with a high-microbeta chromophore and a constant-bias field.
A low half-wave voltage V(pi) of 1.57 V was obtained with a 2-cm-long birefringent polymer waveguide modulator at a wavelength of 1.3 microm by use of a modulator design with a constant-bias electric field and a high-microbeta chromophore. The design allows the maximum achievable electro-optic coefficient of the material to be utilized. This electro-optic coefficient can be more than twice as high as the residue value that is used by conventional modulator designs, after fast partial relaxation following poling.
Chen
A
A
Chuyanov
V
V
Garner
S
S
Zhang
H
H
Steier
W H
WH
Chen
J
J
Zhu
J
J
Wang
F
F
He
M
M
Mao
S S
SS
Dalton
L R
LR