title: Investigation of drug delivery by iontophoresis in a surgical wound utilizing microdialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the penetration of lidocaine around and through a sutured incision following the application of iontophoretic and passive patches in the CD Hairless rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concentrations in localized areas (suture, dermis, subcutaneous, and vascular) were determined using microdialysis sampling followed by analysis using liquid chromatography with UV detection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Iontophoresis significantly enhanced the dermal penetration of lidocaine. In an intact skin model, dermal concentrations were 40 times greater following iontophoretic delivery compared to passive delivery. In a sutured incision model, iontophoresis enhanced localized concentrations in the dermis, suture, and subcutaneous regions by 6-, 15-, and 20-fold, respectively. Iontophoretic delivery to a region containing a sutured incision was focused to the incision resulting in a greater increase in the suture concentration and in the subcutaneous region directly below the incision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The four microdialysis probe design was successful in the determination of localized drug penetration in a sutured incision model. Iontophoresis enhanced skin penetration and allowed for site specific delivery when applied to a sutured incision.
authors: R. N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA.
authors: Heidi J
authors: HJ
authors: Holovics
authors: Carter R
authors: CR
authors: Anderson
authors: Barry S
authors: BS
authors: Levine
authors: Ho-Wah
authors: HW
authors: Hui
authors: Craig E
authors: CE
authors: Lunte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D007478:Iontophoresis / Q000379:methods*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D054772:Rats, Hairless; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D008012:Lidocaine