Bone generation in the reconstruction of a critical size calvarial defect in an experimental model.
OBJECTIVE
This study was designed to investigate the optimal combination of known osteogenic biomaterials with shape conforming struts to achieve calvarial vault reconstruction, using a canine model.


METHODS
Eighteen adolescent beagles were divided equally into 6 groups. A critical size defect of 6 x 2 cm traversed the sagittal suture. The biomaterials used for calvarial reconstruction were demineralised perforated bone matrix (DBM), recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP2) and autogenous platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The struts used were cobalt chrome (metal) or resorbable plate. The groupings were as follows: 1) DBM + metal, 2) DBM + PRP + metal, 3) DBM + PRP + resorbable plate, 4) DBM + rhBMP2 + metal, 5) DBM + rhBMP2 + PRP + metal, and 6) DBM + rhBMP2 + resorbable plate. Animals were euthanised at 3 months post-surgery. There was no mortality or major complications. Analysis was performed macroscopically, histologically, and with computed tomography (CT).


RESULTS
There was complete bony regeneration in the rhBMP2 groups only. Non-rhBMP2 groups had minimal bony ingrowth from the defect edges and on the dural surface, a finding confirmed by CT scan and histology. PRP did not enhance bone regeneration. Shape conformation was good with both metal and resorbable plate.


CONCLUSIONS
rhBMP2 but not PRP accelerated calvarial regeneration in 3 months. The DBM in the rhBMP2 groups were substituted by new trabecular bone. Shape molding was good with both metal and resorbable plate.
Por
Yong-Chen
YC
International Craniofacial Institute, Dallas, TX, USA. poryongchen@hotmail.com
Barceló
Carlos Raul
CR
Salyer
Kenneth E
KE
Genecov
David G
DG
Troxel
Karen
K
Gendler
El
E
Elsalanty
Mohammed E
ME
Opperman
Lynne A
LA
D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D023421:Models, Animal; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012886:Skull / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2