title: Cytological evaluation and investigation of the vaginal flora of long-term users of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study was conducted to evaluate the cytopathological findings and vaginal flora in cervical smear samples from women using the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) for a period of up to 7 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postinsertion cytology examinations were conducted on 187 women who had an LNG-IUS inserted between April and September 1998 in the family planning clinic of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 7 years of follow-up, a high frequency of candidiasis was found from the fourth through the seventh year of use in comparison to the first year of use. No significant results were found with respect to cytopathological abnormalities or other microbiological alterations following insertion of the LNG-IUS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of the LNG-IUS had no effect on cervical smears over the 7-year follow-up period; however, an increase occurred in the frequency of candidiasis.
authors: Human Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors: Trícia
authors: T
authors: Lessard
authors: José A
authors: JA
authors: Simões
authors: Michelle G
authors: MG
authors: Discacciati
authors: Margarete
authors: M
authors: Hidalgo
authors: Luis
authors: L
authors: Bahamondes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000166:cytology*; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007436:Intrauterine Devices, Medicated / Q000382:microbiology*; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D014627:Vaginitis
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D016912:Levonorgestrel