title: A prospective and comparative cohort study on efficacy and drug resistance during long-term lamivudine treatment for various stages of chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A prospective, non-randomized cohort study on long-term lamivudine treatment, comparing efficacy, drug resistance, and prognosis for various stages of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver disease was performed to elucidate the significance and indication of lamivudine for individual patients at each stage of disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 158 cases consisting of 87 chronic hepatitis, 28 compensated cirrhosis, and 43 decompensated cirrhosis, with serum HBV-DNA > 5 log(10) copies/mL and with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) over twice the upper normal limit or complications of hepatic insufficiency, were administered 100 mg of lamivudine daily and monitored for HBV markers, biochemistry, and prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lamivudine reduced HBV-DNA and ALT equally in all groups. Serum albumin, prothrombin time (%), and platelet count increased in all groups. The increased margin of albumin was the highest in the decompensated cirrhosis and higher in the compensated cirrhosis than the chronic hepatitis groups. Cumulative incidence of virologic breakthrough was 16%, 42%, 49%, and 53% at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months, respectively, and the strongest predictive factor for lamivudine resistance was persistent HBV-DNA at 3 months. Ascites, encephalopathy, and jaundice improved in the majority of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. On the other hand, hepatic failure developed or deteriorated in 10 patients after virologic breakthrough, and nine of them had decompensated cirrhosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lamivudine was effective in reducing HBV-DNA and improving hepatic reserve at all stages and was most beneficial and significant for decompensated cirrhosis. Meanwhile, close monitoring of viral load and immediate rescue treatment for lamivudine resistance is necessary to prevent hepatic failure in decompensated cirrhosis.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors: Tomohiro
authors: T
authors: Nishida
authors: Haruhiko
authors: H
authors: Kobashi
authors: Shin-Ichi
authors: S
authors: Fujioka
authors: Kozo
authors: K
authors: Fujio
authors: Kouichi
authors: K
authors: Takaguchi
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Ikeda
authors: Mitsuhiko
authors: M
authors: Kawaguchi
authors: Masaharu
authors: M
authors: Ando
authors: Yasuyuki
authors: Y
authors: Araki
authors: Toshihiro
authors: T
authors: Higashi
authors: Bon
authors: B
authors: Shoji
authors: Akinobu
authors: A
authors: Takaki
authors: Yoshiaki
authors: Y
authors: Iwasaki
authors: Kohsaku
authors: K
authors: Sakaguchi
authors: Yasushi
authors: Y
authors: Shiratori
authors: Kazuhide
authors: K
authors: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D019259:Lamivudine