Nitric oxide mediates cardiac protection of tissue kallikrein by reducing inflammation and ventricular remodeling after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion.
We assessed the role of nitric oxide (NO) and the kinin B2 receptor in mediating tissue kallikrein's actions in intramyocardial inflammation and cardiac remodeling after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Adenovirus carrying the human tissue kallikrein gene was delivered locally into rat hearts 4 days prior to 30-minute ischemia followed by 24-hour or 7-day reperfusion with or without administration of icatibant, a kinin B2 receptor antagonist, or N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Kallikrein gene delivery improved cardiac contractility and diastolic function, reduced infarct size at 1 day after I/R without affecting mean arterial pressure. Kallikrein treatment reduced macrophage/monocyte and neutrophil accumulation in the infarcted myocardium in association with reduced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels. Kallikrein increased cardiac endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and NO levels and decreased superoxide formation, TGF-beta1 levels and Smad2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, kallikrein reduced I/R-induced JNK, p38MAPK, IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation and nuclear NF-kappaB activation. In addition, kallikrein improved cardiac performance, reduced infarct size and prevented ventricular wall thinning at 7 days after I/R. The effects of kallikrein on cardiac function, inflammation and signaling mediators were all blocked by icatibant and L-NAME. These results indicate that tissue kallikrein through kinin B2 receptor and NO formation improves cardiac function, prevents inflammation and limits left ventricular remodeling after myocardial I/R by suppression of oxidative stress, TGF-beta1/Smad2 and JNK/p38MAPK signaling pathways and NF-kappaB activation.
Yin
Hang
H
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-2211, USA.
Chao
Lee
L
Chao
Julie
J
D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D065094:Bradykinin B2 Receptor Antagonists; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000235:genetics
D065094:Bradykinin B2 Receptor Antagonists; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C065679:icatibant; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D007610:Kallikreins; D001920:Bradykinin; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester