title: The geography of conflict between elk and agricultural values in the Cypress Hills, Canada.
abstract: Complex ecological issues like depredation and its management are determined by multiple factors acting at more than one scale and are interlinked with complex human social and economic behaviour. Depredation by wild herbivores can be a major obstacle to agricultural community support for wildlife conservation. For three decades, crop and fence damage, competition with livestock for native rangeland and tame pasture, and depredation of stored feed by elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis) have been the cause of conflict with agricultural producers in the Cypress Hills, Alberta and Saskatchewan. Tolerance of elk presence on private lands is low because few benefits accrue to private landowners; rather they largely perceive elk as a public resource produced at their expense. Government management actions have focused on abatement inputs (e.g., population reduction; fencing) and compensation, but incentives to alter land use patterns (crop choice and location) in response to damages have not been considered. Nor has there been information on spatial structure of the elk population that would allow targeted management actions instead of attempting to manage the entire population. In this study we analysed the spatial structure of the Cypress Hills elk population, the distribution of the elk harvest in relation to agricultural conflicts, developed models of the spatial patterns of conflict fields, and evaluated compensation patterns for damage by wild herbivores. We propose modifications to current abatement and compensation programs and discuss alternative approaches involving changes to agricultural land use patterns that may reduce the intensity of conflicts with elk, and increase the acceptance capacity of landowners.
authors: Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. fttmh@uaf.edu
authors: Troy M
authors: TM
authors: Hegel
authors: C Cormack
authors: CC
authors: Gates
authors: Dale
authors: D
authors: Eslinger
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000592:standards*; D000416:Alberta; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006109:Poaceae; D011156:Population Density; D011336:Probability; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis; D012418:Ruminants; D012525:Saskatchewan; D012945:Social Values
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes