title: Comparison of individual perceptions of medication costs and benefits between intentional and unintentional medication non-adherence among Japanese patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify Japanese patients' perceptions of the costs and benefits of their medications by administering a questionnaire validated in Western patients and to compare the association between the perception levels and non-adherence to medication in the two non-adherent patient types, intentional, and unintentional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Japanese patients with chronic diseases were given a questionnaire and interviewed, and the validity and reliability of the scales generated were assessed. Logistic regression was used to analyse the association between individual perception levels and non-adherence to the medication regimen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 151 responses, two kinds of scales were generated following a report of Western patients; the necessity scale showed satisfactory reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.79) but the concerns scale did not. Individual levels of perception of the necessity of medications were associated with unintentional non-adherence (the higher the level, the lower the odds ratio 1.0, 0.56, 0.40, and 0.15), while they were not associated with intentional non-adherence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Japanese patients' perceptions of the benefits of medications, but not the costs were similar to those of Western patients, and these perceptions were likely to be different between intentionally and unintentionally non-adherent patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strategies to improve non-adherence should be designed according to the non-adherent type.
authors: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki-City, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan. iiharan@kph.bunri-u.ac.jp
authors: Naomi
authors: N
authors: Iihara
authors: Yuji
authors: Y
authors: Kurosaki
authors: Chika
authors: C
authors: Miyoshi
authors: Kiyo
authors: K
authors: Takabatake
authors: Shushi
authors: S
authors: Morita
authors: Keizo
authors: K
authors: Hori
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D016527:Drug Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D012651:Self Medication / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016312:Treatment Refusal / Q000523:psychology*