title: Protective effects of erythropoietin against acute lung injury in a rat model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of exogenous erythro-poietin (EPO) administration on acute lung injury (ALI) in an experimental model of sodium taurodeoxycholate- induced acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: sham group (n = 5), 3 ANP groups (n = 7 each) and 3 EPO groups (n = 7 each). ANP was induced by retrograde infusion of 5% sodium taurodeoxycholate into the common bile duct. Rats in EPO groups received 1000 U/kg intramuscular EPO immediately after induction of ANP. Rats in ANP groups were given 1 mL normal saline instead. All animals were sacrificed at postoperative 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Serum amilase, IL-2, IL-6 and lung tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Pleural effusion volume and lung/body weight (LW/BW) ratios were calculated. Tissue levels of TNF-alpha, IL-2 and IL-6 were screened immunohistochemically. Additionally, ox-LDL accumulation was assessed with immune-fluorescent staining. Histopathological alterations in the lungs were also scored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean pleural effusion volume, calculated LW/BW ratio, serum IL-6 and lung tissue MDA levels were significantly lower in EPO groups than in ANP groups. No statistically significant difference was observed in either serum or tissue values of IL-2 among the groups. The level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-6 and accumulation of ox-LDL were evident in the lung tissues of ANP groups when compared to EPO groups, particularly at 72 h. Histopathological evaluation confirmed the improvement in lung injury parameters after exogenous EPO administration, particularly at 48 h and 72 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EPO administration leads to a significant decrease in ALI parameters by inhibiting polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) accumulation, decreasing the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in circulation, preserving microvascular endothelial cell integrity and reducing oxidative stress-associated lipid peroxidation and therefore, can be regarded as a cytoprotective agent in ANP-induced ALI.
authors: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Zonguldak Karaelmas Universitesi, Arastirma ve Uygulama Hastanesi Bashekimligi, Kozlu-Zonguldak 67600, Turkey.
authors: Oge
authors: O
authors: Tascilar
authors: Güldeniz Karadeniz
authors: GK
authors: Cakmak
authors: Ishak Ozel
authors: IO
authors: Tekin
authors: Ali Ugur
authors: AU
authors: Emre
authors: Bulent Hamdi
authors: BH
authors: Ucan
authors: Burak
authors: B
authors: Bahadir
authors: Serefden
authors: S
authors: Acikgoz
authors: Oktay
authors: O
authors: Irkorucu
authors: Kemal
authors: K
authors: Karakaya
authors: Hakan
authors: H
authors: Balbaloglu
authors: Gurkan
authors: G
authors: Kertis
authors: Handan
authors: H
authors: Ankarali
authors: Mustafa
authors: M
authors: Comert
mesh_terms: D000681:Amylases / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications*; D010996:Pleural Effusion; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013657:Taurodeoxycholic Acid
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D004921:Erythropoietin; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013657:Taurodeoxycholic Acid; D000681:Amylases