title: Assessment of the risk factors for colonic diverticular hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Colonic diverticulosis, although usually asymptomatic, sometimes causes diverticular hemorrhage. Studies about risk factors, other than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, for colonic diverticular hemorrhage are limited. We conducted the present study to elucidate their significance as a risk factor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colonic diverticulosis was found in 1,753 patients and diverticular hemorrhage in 44 patients among 9,499 total colonoscopy examinees at the authors' institutions between September 1995 and December 2005. After reviewing their clinical features, we chose two controls for each case with diverticular hemorrhage matched for age, gender, and the location of diverticulosis. We evaluated the effects of comorbidities (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, ischemic heart disease), habits (alcohol, smoking), and medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, by using conditional logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between patients with diverticular hemorrhage and those with nonbleeding diverticulosis regarding age (67 +/- 13 vs. 64 +/- 11 years) or gender ratio (male/female ratio: 36/8 vs. 1,237/472). As for location, the proportion of bilateral diverticulosis was larger among patients with hemorrhage (43 vs. 22 percent). In the case-control study, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (odds ratio, 15.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1-214; P = 0.04), hypertension (odds ratio, 6.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.1-20.5; P = 0.0011), and aspirin and/or other anticoagulant (odds ratio, 3; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.04-8.6; P = 0.042) were shown to be significant risk factors by multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypertension, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and anticoagulants, including aspirin, are independent risk factors for colonic diverticular hemorrhage.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. yamada-a@umin.ac.jp
authors: Atsuo
authors: A
authors: Yamada
authors: Takafumi
authors: T
authors: Sugimoto
authors: Shintaro
authors: S
authors: Kondo
authors: Miki
authors: M
authors: Ohta
authors: Hirotsugu
authors: H
authors: Watabe
authors: Shin
authors: S
authors: Maeda
authors: Goichi
authors: G
authors: Togo
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Yamaji
authors: Keiji
authors: K
authors: Ogura
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Okamoto
authors: Haruhiko
authors: H
authors: Yoshida
authors: Takao
authors: T
authors: Kawabe
authors: Tateo
authors: T
authors: Kawase
authors: Masao
authors: M
authors: Omata
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D003113:Colonoscopy; D004240:Diverticulum / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000925:Anticoagulants