title: [German version of the math anxiety questionnaire (FRA) for 6- to 9-year-old children].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Is the FRA a reliable and valid instrument? Are there any gender differences concerning math anxiety? Are there any developmental changes in this regard in the course of the early grades?
  
  
  METHODS
  Together with the dyscalculia test TEDI-MATH, the FRA was presented to a total of 450 children from the first to the third grade of primary school (at least 40 girls and 40 boys per semester).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total scale has an internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) between 0.83 and 0.91. Correlations between arithmetic skills and the FRA scales were mostly significant. The significantly higher negative scores for girls were taken into account by providing standard scores corrected for gender. No systematic developmental changes could be observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FRA is the first German math anxiety questionnaire for primary school children. High reliability, standard scores corrected for gender, and economic handling make it an instrument well suited for use in clinical settings (e.g., dyscalculia diagnostics and intervention).
authors: Lehr- und Forschungsgebiet Neuropsychologie, Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum der RWTH Aachen, Deutschland. krinzinger@neuropsych.rwth-aachen.de
authors: Helga
authors: H
authors: Krinzinger
authors: Liane
authors: L
authors: Kaufmann
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: Dowker
authors: Gemma
authors: G
authors: Thomas
authors: Martina
authors: M
authors: Graf
authors: Hans-Christoph
authors: HC
authors: Nuerk
authors: Klaus
authors: K
authors: Willmes
mesh_terms: D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D001076:Aptitude; D001290:Attitude; D001317:Austria; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D008433:Mathematics; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires