Results of a randomized controlled trial to examine the efficacy of a chronic pain self-management group for older adults [ISRCTN11899548].
Chronic pain is a common, disabling problem in older adults. Pain self-management training is a multimodal therapy that has been found to be effective in young to middle-aged adult samples; however, few studies have examined the effectiveness of this therapy in older adults. In this randomized, controlled trial, we evaluated a pain self-management training group (SMG) intervention as compared with an education-only (BOOK) control condition. Participants, 65 years of age or older who experienced persistent, noncancer pain that limited their activities, were recruited from 43 retirement communities in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The primary outcome was physical disability, as measured by the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were depression (Geriatric Depression Scale), pain intensity (Brief Pain Inventory), and pain-related interference with activities (Brief Pain Inventory). Randomization occurred by facility to minimize cross-contamination between groups. Two-hundred and fifty-six individuals, mean age=81.8 (SD: 6.5), enrolled and 218 completed the study. No significant differences in outcomes were found between groups at post-intervention, 6-month follow-up, or 12-month follow-up. The SMG group showed a significantly greater increase over time, relative to the BOOK group, in two process measures, as measured by the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory: use of relaxation and use of exercise/stretching. In both cases, the increase was greatest from baseline to the post-intervention assessment. Study findings indicate that additional research is needed to determine the most effective content and delivery methods for self-management therapies targeted at older adults with chronic pain.
Ersek
Mary
M
Pain and Palliative Care Research Department, Swedish Medical Center - Cherry Hill Campus, 500 17th Avenue, Professional Building, Suite 405, Seattle, WA 98122-5711, USA Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 356560, Seattle, WA 98195-6560, USA Office for Nursing Research, University of Washington School of Nursing, Box 357265, Seattle, WA 98195-7265, USA Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Box 357232, Seattle, WA 98195-7232, USA Oregon Health & Science University School of Nursing, Portland, OR, USA.
Turner
Judith A
JA
Cain
Kevin C
KC
Kemp
Carol A
CA
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome