Temporal and quantitative profiles of growth factors and metalloproteinases in acute wound fluid after mastectomy.
Seventy-three samples of acute wound fluid were collected from 47 patients during the first 3 postoperative days (POD) following mastectomy for cancer (n=47 on POD-1, n=19 on POD-2, and n=7 POD-3). Samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for growth factor levels (epidermal [EGF], platelet-derived [PDGF], basic fibroblast [bFGF], transforming growth factor-beta1 [TGF-beta1], vascular endothelial [VEGF]), interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs-2, -3, -9), and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1). The levels of EGF, bFGF, PDGF, and interleukin-6 peaked on POD-1, with a significant decrease by POD-3, while total and active MMP-2, MMP-3, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 showed a progressive and significant increase from days 1 to 3. The wounds that later developed an infection (11%) were found to have a significantly lower PDGF and EGF on day 1 (PDGF, median 169 pg/mL [range, 86-2,595]) than the noninfected wounds (2,098 [17-66,506] p<0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test). Sixty-two percent patients developed a seroma and the levels of bFGF were significantly less in these patients (441 pg/mL [45-4,108]) than in those patients where there was no seroma (807 [245-3,133] p<0.05). The levels of certain growth factors in acute wound fluid may be important markers for wound outcomes.
Baker
Elizabeth A
EA
Professorial Unit of Surgery, University Hospital of North Tees, Stockton-on-Tees, TS19 8PE, United Kingdom. liz.baker@nth.nhs.uk
Kumar
Senthil
S
Melling
Andrew C
AC
Whetter
Deborah
D
Leaper
David J
DJ
D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008408:Mastectomy; D045726:Metalloproteases / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*
D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D045726:Metalloproteases