title: Hypervascular liver tumors: low tube voltage, high tube current multi-detector row CT for enhanced detection--phantom study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively evaluate, for the depiction of simulated hypervascular liver lesions in a phantom, the effect of a low tube voltage, high tube current computed tomographic (CT) technique on image noise, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), lesion conspicuity, and radiation dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  A custom liver phantom containing 16 cylindric cavities (four cavities each of 3, 5, 8, and 15 mm in diameter) filled with various iodinated solutions to simulate hypervascular liver lesions was scanned with a 64-section multi-detector row CT scanner at 140, 120, 100, and 80 kVp, with corresponding tube current-time product settings at 225, 275, 420, and 675 mAs, respectively. The CNRs for six simulated lesions filled with different iodinated solutions were calculated. A figure of merit (FOM) for each lesion was computed as the ratio of CNR2 to effective dose (ED). Three radiologists independently graded the conspicuity of 16 simulated lesions. An anthropomorphic phantom was scanned to evaluate the ED. Statistical analysis included one-way analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Image noise increased by 45% with the 80-kVp protocol compared with the 140-kVp protocol (P < .001). However, the lowest ED and the highest CNR were achieved with the 80-kVp protocol. The FOM results indicated that at a constant ED, a reduction of tube voltage from 140 to 120, 100, and 80 kVp increased the CNR by factors of at least 1.6, 2.4, and 3.6, respectively (P < .001). At a constant CNR, corresponding reductions in ED were by a factor of 2.5, 5.5, and 12.7, respectively (P < .001). The highest lesion conspicuity was achieved with the 80-kVp protocol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CNR of simulated hypervascular liver lesions can be substantially increased and the radiation dose reduced by using an 80-kVp, high tube current CT technique.
authors: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors: Sebastian T
authors: ST
authors: Schindera
authors: Rendon C
authors: RC
authors: Nelson
authors: Srinivasan
authors: S
authors: Mukundan
authors: Erik K
authors: EK
authors: Paulson
authors: Tracy A
authors: TA
authors: Jaffe
authors: Chad M
authors: CM
authors: Miller
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: DeLong
authors: Keigo
authors: K
authors: Kawaji
authors: Terry T
authors: TT
authors: Yoshizumi
authors: Ehsan
authors: E
authors: Samei
mesh_terms: D004560:Electricity; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*