title: In vitro secretion profiles of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF alpha after selective infection with Escherichia coli in human fetal membranes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chorioamniotic membranes infection is a pathologic condition in which an abnormal secretion of proinflammatory cytokines halts fetal immune tolerance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the functional response of human chorioamniotic membranes, as well as the individual contribution of the amnion and choriodecidua after stimulation with Escherichia coli, a pathogen associated with preterm labor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Explants of chorioamniotic membranes from 10 women (37-40 weeks of gestation) were mounted and cultured in a Transwell system, which allowed us to test the amnion and choriodecidua compartments independently. Escherichia coli (1 x 10 6 CFU/mL) was added to either the amniotic or the choriodecidual regions or both; after a 24-h incubation, the secretion of IL-1beta, IL-6, TNFalpha, IL-8, and IL-10 in both compartments was measured using a specific ELISA. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After stimulation with Escherichia coli, the choriodecidua compartment showed an increase in the secretion of IL-1beta (21-fold), IL-6 (2-fold), IL-8 (6-fold), and IL-10 (37-fold), regardless of which side of the membrane was stimulated; TNFalpha secretion augmented (22-fold) also but only when the stimulus was applied simultaneously to both sides. When the amnion was stimulated directly, the level of IL-1beta (13-fold) rose significantly; however, the increase in IL-8 secretion was larger (20-fold), regardless of the primary site of infection. TNFalpha secretion in the amnion compartment rose markedly only when Escherichia coli was simultaneously applied to both sides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selective stimulation of fetal membranes with Escherichia coli results in a differential production of IL-1beta, IL-6, TNFalpha, IL-8, and IL-10. These tissues were less responsive when the amnion side was stimulated. This is in agreement with the hypothesis that the choriodecidua may play a primary role during an ascending intrauterine infection, being the main barrier to progression of the infection into the amniotic cavity. Therefore, the tissue-specific capacities for the secretion of these immune modulators could be a determining factor for the degree of severity of the inflammation process in fetal membranes.
authors: Biomedical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, México City, México. zaga@universo.com
authors: Veronica
authors: V
authors: Zaga-Clavellina
authors: Guadalupe
authors: G
authors: Garcia-Lopez
authors: Hector
authors: H
authors: Flores-Herrera
authors: Aurora
authors: A
authors: Espejel-Nuñez
authors: Arturo
authors: A
authors: Flores-Pliego
authors: Diana
authors: D
authors: Soriano-Becerril
authors: Rolando
authors: R
authors: Maida-Claros
authors: Horacio
authors: H
authors: Merchant-Larios
authors: Felipe
authors: F
authors: Vadillo-Ortega
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004926:Escherichia coli; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D005321:Extraembryonic Membranes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011247:Pregnancy; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10