title: Review article: The endoscopic treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over the last 10 years a number of endoscopic procedures for treating gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) have been developed (suturing, injections, implants and radiofrequency ablation), thus obviating the need for long-term proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and the potential morbidity of laparoscopic fundoplication.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present an update of the literature studying the clinical efficacy of endoscopic antireflux procedures, and to discuss further developments.
  
  
  METHODS
  A PubMed search was performed for endoscopic suturing, antireflux treatment, endoscopic gastroplication, polymer injection, radiofrequency ablation of GORD. Own recent research was compared with existing data. Information concerning GORD endotherapy were gathered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Uncontrolled studies have reported promising clinical results on the short to intermediate term for most endoscopic GORD procedures, but the placebo effect remained unknown. It is, therefore, commendable that the three main procedures (Endocinch, Stretta and Enteryx) have now all been tested against a sham procedure. Although all three techniques were able to improve symptoms, quality of life and PPI use, oesophageal acid reduction was unremarkable. Endocinch and Stretta are safe outpatient procedures. Concerns about the durability of Endocinch have risen. Polymer injection (Enteryx) and gel prosthesis implantation (Gatekeeper) were recalled for severe complications and lack of efficacy, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endotherapy has shown the potential to treat (uncomplicated) GORD. However, some early procedures have failed or proven unsafe. Further developments and studies are necessary to determine what modifications to these techniques are required to produce optimal efficacy and durability. Until then, widespread clinical use of endotherapy for GORD should probably be avoided.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands. mp.schwartz@meandermc.nl
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Schwartz
authors: A J P M
authors: AJ
authors: Smout
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000592:standards; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000592:standards*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials