title: Efficient induction of mucosal and systemic immune responses by virus-like particles administered intranasally: implications for vaccine design.
abstract: Intranasal (i.n.) immunization aims to induce local as well as systemic immune responses. In the present study, we assessed a vaccine platform based on virus-like particles (VLP) derived from the RNA phage Qbeta for i.n. immunization. We found that both i.n. and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of Qbeta-VLP elicited strong and comparable specific IgG responses in serum and lung. Surprisingly, both routes also induced high levels of specific IgA in serum. In contrast, only i.n. administration of Qbeta-VLP resulted in local IgA production in the lung. Efficient induction of B cell responses by i.n. administration of VLP was further supported by the presence of large numbers of germinal centers (GC) as well as memory B cells in the spleen and plasma cells in the bone marrow. Results obtained for the VLP itself could be extended to an antigen covalently attached to it. Specifically, i.n. immunization of mice with VLP displaying the influenza virus derived ectodomain of the M2 protein resulted in strong M2-specific antibody responses as well as anti-viral protection. In contrast, i.n. immunization with VLP displaying p33 peptide, the major CTL epitope of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, induced relatively inefficient cytotoxic T cell responses, resulting in low numbers of specific T cells and poor effector cell differentiation. Taken together, these results suggest that effective antibody-based vaccines are achievable by i.n. administration of Qbeta-VLP displaying specific antigens.
authors: Cytos Biotechnology AG, Zürich-Schlieren, Switzerland.
authors: Juliana
authors: J
authors: Bessa
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Schmitz
authors: Heather J
authors: HJ
authors: Hinton
authors: Katrin
authors: K
authors: Schwarz
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Jegerlehner
authors: Martin F
authors: MF
authors: Bachmann
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D018858:Germinal Center / Q000276:immunology; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D014771:Virion / Q000276:immunology*; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C488937:M2 protein, Influenza A virus; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins; C028696:Qbeta ribonucleic acid