title: Risk of respiratory morbidity in term infants delivered by elective caesarean section: cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between elective caesarean sections and neonatal respiratory morbidity and the importance of timing of elective caesarean sections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study with prospectively collected data from the Aarhus birth cohort, Denmark.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obstetric department and neonatal department of a university hospital in Denmark.
  
  
  METHODS
  All liveborn babies without malformations, with gestational ages between 37 and 41 weeks, and delivered between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2006 (34 458 babies).
  
  
  METHODS
  Respiratory morbidity (transitory tachypnoea of the newborn, respiratory distress syndrome, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn) and serious respiratory morbidity (oxygen therapy for more than two days, nasal continuous positive airway pressure, or need for mechanical ventilation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  2687 infants were delivered by elective caesarean section. Compared with newborns intended for vaginal delivery, an increased risk of respiratory morbidity was found for infants delivered by elective caesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation (odds ratio 3.9, 95% confidence interval 2.4 to 6.5), 38 weeks' gestation (3.0, 2.1 to 4.3), and 39 weeks' gestation (1.9, 1.2 to 3.0). The increased risks of serious respiratory morbidity showed the same pattern but with higher odds ratios: a fivefold increase was found at 37 weeks (5.0, 1.6 to16.0). These results remained essentially unchanged after exclusion of pregnancies complicated by diabetes, pre-eclampsia, and intrauterine growth retardation, or by breech presentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with newborns delivered vaginally or by emergency caesarean sections, those delivered by elective caesarean section around term have an increased risk of overall and serious respiratory morbidity. The relative risk increased with decreasing gestational age.
authors: Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, Skejby, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. AKH@svf.au.dk
authors: Anne Kirkeby
authors: AK
authors: Hansen
authors: Kirsten
authors: K
authors: Wisborg
authors: Niels
authors: N
authors: Uldbjerg
authors: Tine Brink
authors: TB
authors: Henriksen
mesh_terms: D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors