title: Time to first cigarette in the morning as an index of ability to quit smoking: implications for nicotine dependence.
abstract: An inability to maintain abstinence is a key indicator of tobacco dependence. Unfortunately, little evidence exists regarding the ability of the major tobacco dependence measures to predict smoking cessation outcome. This paper used data from four placebo-controlled smoking cessation trials and one international epidemiological study to determine relations between cessation success and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), the Heaviness of Smoking Index, the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale, and the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives. Results showed that much of the predictive validity of the FTND could be attributed to its first item, time to first cigarette in the morning, and this item had greater validity than any other single measure. Thus the time-to-first-cigarette item appears to tap a pattern of heavy, uninterrupted, and automatic smoking and may be a good single-item measure of nicotine dependence.
authors: Timothy B
authors: TB
authors: Baker
authors: Megan E
authors: ME
authors: Piper
authors: Danielle E
authors: DE
authors: McCarthy
authors: Daniel M
authors: DM
authors: Bolt
authors: Stevens S
authors: SS
authors: Smith
authors: Su-Young
authors: SY
authors: Kim
authors: Suzanne
authors: S
authors: Colby
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Conti
authors: Gary A
authors: GA
authors: Giovino
authors: Dorothy
authors: D
authors: Hatsukami
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Hyland
authors: Suchitra
authors: S
authors: Krishnan-Sarin
authors: Raymond
authors: R
authors: Niaura
authors: Kenneth A
authors: KA
authors: Perkins
authors: Benjamin A
authors: BA
authors: Toll
mesh_terms: D003710:Demography; D006801:Humans; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009042:Motivation; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012008:Recurrence; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder