title: Can isotopic fractionation during respiration explain the 13C-enriched sporocarps of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi?
abstract: The mechanism behind the (13)C enrichment of fungi relative to plant materials is unclear and constrains the use of stable isotopes in studies of the carbon cycle in soils. Here, we examined whether isotopic fractionation during respiration contributes to this pattern by comparing delta(13)C signatures of respired CO(2), sporocarps and their associated plant materials, from 16 species of ectomycorrhizal or saprotrophic fungi collected in a Norway spruce forest. The isotopic composition of respired CO(2) and sporocarps was positively correlated. The differences in delta(13)C between CO(2) and sporocarps were generally small, < +/-1 per thousand in nine out of 16 species, and the average shift for all investigated species was 0.04 per thousand. However, when fungal groups were analysed separately, three out of six species of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes respired (13)C-enriched CO(2) (up to 1.6 per thousand), whereas three out of five species of polypores respired (13)C-depleted CO(2) (up to 1.7 per thousand; P < 0.05). The CO(2) and sporocarps were always (13)C-enriched compared with wood, litter or roots. Loss of (13)C-depleted CO(2) may have enriched some species in (13)C. However, that the CO(2) was consistently (13)C-enriched compared with plant materials implies that other processes must be found to explain the consistent (13)C-enrichment of fungal biomass compared with plant materials.
authors: Department of Natural Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Boström
authors: Department of Natural Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Comstedt
authors: Department of Natural Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ekblad
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D028222:Picea / Q000382:microbiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014197:Trees / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen