Effects of decellularization on the mechanical and structural properties of the porcine aortic valve leaflet.
The potential for decellularized aortic heart valves (AVs) as heart valve replacements is based on the assumption that the major cellular immunogenic components have been removed, and that the remaining extracellular matrix (ECM) should retain the necessary mechanical properties and functional design. However, decellularization processes likely alter the ECM mechanical and structural properties, potentially affecting long-term durability. In the present study, we explored the effects of an anionic detergent (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)), enzymatic agent (Trypsin), and a non-ionic detergent (Triton X-100) on the mechanical and structural properties of AV leaflets (AVLs) to provide greater insight into the initial functional state of the decellularized AVL. The overall extensibility represented by the areal strain under 60 N/m increased from 68.85% for the native AV to 139.95%, 137.51%, and 177.69% for SDS, Trypsin, and Triton X-100, respectively, after decellularization. In flexure, decellularized AVLs demonstrated a profound loss of stiffness overall, and also produced a nonlinear moment-curvature relation compared to the linear response of the native AVL. Effective flexural moduli decreased from 156.0+/-24.6 kPa for the native AV to 23.5+/-5.8, 15.6+/-4.8, and 19.4+/-8.9 kPa for SDS, Trypsin, and Triton X-100 treated leaflets, respectively. While the overall leaflet fiber architecture remained relatively unchanged, decellularization resulted in substantial microscopic disruption. In conclusion, changes in mechanical and structural properties of decellularized leaflets were likely associated with disruption of the ECM, which may impact the durability of the leaflets.
Liao
Jun
J
Engineered Tissue Mechanics and Mechanobiology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering and McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
Joyce
Erinn M
EM
Sacks
Michael S
MS
D000818:Animals; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry*; D024022:Fibrillar Collagens / Q000737:chemistry; D008027:Light; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D017830:Octoxynol / Q000737:chemistry; D018583:Pliability; D053838:Scattering, Small Angle; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013718:Tensile Strength; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D014357:Trypsin / Q000737:chemistry
D024022:Fibrillar Collagens; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D017830:Octoxynol; D014357:Trypsin