title: Development of an enhanced proteomic method to detect prognostic and diagnostic markers of healing in chronic wound fluid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic venous leg ulcers are a significant cause of pain, immobility and decreased quality of life for patients with these wounds. In view of this, research efforts are focused on multiple factors in the wound environment to obtain information regarding the healing of ulcers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Chronic wound fluid (CWF), containing a complex mixture of proteins, is an important modulator of the wound environment, and therefore we hypothesized that these proteins may be indicators of the status of wounds and their potential to heal or otherwise. To explore this we developed and validated a proteomic approach to analyse CWF.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, pooled CWF was depleted of high abundant proteins using immunoaffinity chromatography. The flow-through and bound fractions were collected, concentrated, desalted and analysed using a range of techniques. Each fraction was further separated using two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and 2D liquid chromatography and analysed using mass spectrometry (MS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Western blot analysis against three high abundant proteins confirmed the selective removal of these proteins from CWF. Critically, one-dimensional and 2D gel electrophoresis indicated that subsequent removal of these proteins enhanced the ability to detect proteins in low abundance in CWF. Further, MS demonstrated that depletion of these abundant proteins increased the detection of other proteins in these samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results obtained indicate that this approach significantly improves separation of proteins present in low concentrations in CWF. This will facilitate the identification of biomarkers in samples collected from patients with ulcers and lead to improved patient therapies and wound care approaches.
authors: Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Qld, Australia. ml.fernandez@qut.edu.au
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Fernandez
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Broadbent
authors: G K
authors: GK
authors: Shooter
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Malda
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Upton
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005122:Exudates and Transudates / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D011379:Prognosis; D011506:Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D014647:Varicose Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011506:Proteins