title: Origins of selectivity for the [2+2] cycloaddition of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones within a porous self-assembled organic framework.
abstract: This article studies the origins of selectivity for the [2+2] cycloadditions of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones within a porous crystalline host. The host, formed by the self-assembly of a bis-urea macrocycle, contains accessible channels of approximately 6 A diameter and forms stable inclusion complexes with a variety of cyclic and acyclic alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone derivatives. Host 1 crystals provide a robust confined reaction environment for the highly selective [2+2] cycloaddition of 3-methyl-2-cyclopentenone, 2-cyclohexenone, and 2-methyl-2-cyclopentenone, forming their respective exo head-to-tail dimers in high conversion. The products are readily extracted from the self-assembled host and the crystalline host can be efficiently recovered and reused. Molecular modeling studies indicate that the origin of the observed selectivity is due to the excellent match between the size and shape of these guests to dimensions of the host channel and to the preorganization of neighboring enones into favorable reaction geometries. Small substrates, such as acrylic acid and methylvinylketone, were bound by the host and were protected from photoreactions. Larger substrates, such as 4,4-dimethyl-2-cyclohexenone and mesityl oxide, do not undergo selective [2+2] cycloaddition reactions. In an effort to understand these differences in reactivity, we examined these host-guest complexes by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), NMR, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and molecular modeling.
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Yang
authors: Mahender B
authors: MB
authors: Dewal
authors: Salvatore
authors: S
authors: Profeta
authors: Mark D
authors: MD
authors: Smith
authors: Youyong
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Linda S
authors: LS
authors: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D003512:Cyclohexanones / Q000737:chemistry*; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D007659:Ketones / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D016062:Porosity; D033362:Powder Diffraction
chemical_list: D003512:Cyclohexanones; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D007659:Ketones; C106058:macrocycle 1