title: Effects of a stress management program on vital exhaustion and depression in women with coronary heart disease: a randomized controlled intervention study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Psychosocial factors, including depression and vital exhaustion (VE) are associated with adverse outcome in coronary heart disease (CHD). Women with CHD are poor responders to psychosocial treatment and knowledge regarding which treatment modality works in them is limited. This randomized controlled clinical study evaluated the effect of a 1-year stress management program, aimed at reducing symptoms of depression and VE in CHD women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were 247 women, < or =75 years, recruited consecutively after a cardiac event and randomly assigned to either stress management (20 2-h sessions) and medical care by a cardiologist, or to obtaining usual health care as controls. Measurements at; baseline (6-8 weeks after randomization), 10 weeks (after 10 intervention sessions), 1 year (end of intervention) and 1-2 years follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For VE, intention to treat analysis showed effects for time (P < 0.001) and time x treatment interaction (P = 0.005), reflecting that both groups improved over time, and that the decrease of VE was more pronounced in the intervention group. However, the level of VE was higher in the intervention group than amongst controls at baseline, 22.7 vs. 19.4 (P = 0.036) but it did not differ later. The change in depressive symptoms did not differ between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CHD women attending our program experienced a more pronounced decrease in VE than controls. However, as they had higher baseline levels, due to regression towards the mean we cannot attribute the decrease in VE to the intervention. Whether the program has long-term beneficial effects needs to be evaluated.
authors: Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, and Centre of Public Health, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Koertge
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Janszky
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Sundin
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Blom
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Georgiades
authors: K D
authors: KD
authors: László
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Alinaghizadeh
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ahnve
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D012737:Sex Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*