title: Major gene and multifactorial inheritance of mandibular prognathism.
abstract: Mandibular prognathism typically shows familial aggregation. Various genetic models have been described and it is assumed to be a multifactorial and polygenic trait, with a threshold for expression. Our goal was to examine specific genetic models of the familial transmission of this trait. The study sample comprised of 2,562 individuals from 55 families. Complete family histories for each proband were ascertained and the affection status of relatives were confirmed by lateral cephalograms, photographs, and dental models. Pedigrees were drawn using PELICAN and complex segregation analysis was performed using POINTER. Parts of some pedigrees were excluded to create one founder pedigrees, so the total N was 2,050. Analysis showed more affected females than males (P = 0.030). The majority of the pedigrees suggest autosomal dominant inheritance. Incomplete penetrance was demonstrated by the ratio of affected/unaffected parents and siblings. The heritability of mandibular prognathism was estimated to be 0.316. We conclude that there is a major gene that influences the expression of mandibular prognathism with clear signs of Mendelian inheritance and a multifactorial component.
authors: Departament of Genetics and Morphology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil. ricardomcruz@uol.com.br
authors: Ricardo Machado
authors: RM
authors: Cruz
authors: Henrique
authors: H
authors: Krieger
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Ferreira
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Mah
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Hartsfield
authors: Silviene
authors: S
authors: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D020090:Chromosome Segregation; D002877:Chromosomes, Human; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D003765:Models, Dental; D008957:Models, Genetic; D020412:Multifactorial Inheritance; D010375:Pedigree; D019683:Penetrance; D015995:Prevalence; D011378:Prognathism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable