title: Inhibiting nitric oxide overproduction during hypotensive sepsis increases local oxygen consumption in rat skeletal muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although nitric oxide (NO) is a known regulator of cardiovascular function, the effect of NO overproduction during sepsis on capillary oxygen transport and local tissue oxygen consumption is not well understood. The objectives of this study were to determine whether sepsis-induced NO overproduction increased capillary stopped-flow and modulated tissue oxygen consumption in skeletal muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal laboratory in a university-affiliated research institute.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 165-180 g body weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were made septic by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) and were then ventilated and volume resuscitated (saline). The hind limb extensor digitorum longus (EDL) skeletal muscle was blunt dissected for in vivo microvascular imaging. The inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibitor L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)lysine dihydrochloride (L-NIL) was infused (3 mg/kg body weight per hour) starting 1 hr post-CLP to maintain arterial blood and EDL tissue NO(x)(-) (NO2(-) + NO3(-)) at baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Red blood cell hemodynamics, hemoglobin oxygen saturation, capillary geometry, and functional capillary density information were used to calculate capillary oxygen flux (the rate of oxygen diffusion from capillary to tissue) and indices of local oxygen delivery and tissue oxygen consumption. Over the first 5 hrs of septic injury, mean arterial pressure decreased while capillary stopped-flow and capillary oxygen flux both increased (p < .05). Inhibiting iNOS/NO overproduction partially restored mean arterial pressure and increased arterial pH. Within the microcirculation, inhibiting NO increased capillary red cell velocity and increased local tissue oxygen consumption (p < .05). Inhibiting NO failed, however, to prevent capillary stopped-flow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During the onset of sepsis, concurrent with the onset of microvascular dysfunction, there is an iNOS/NO-mediated reduction in local skeletal muscle tissue oxygen consumption.
authors: University of Western Ontario and the London Health Sciences Centre, Department of Medical Biophysics, London, ON, Canada.
authors: Ryon M
authors: RM
authors: Bateman
authors: Michael D
authors: MD
authors: Sharpe
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Goldman
authors: Darcy
authors: D
authors: Lidington
authors: Christopher G
authors: CG
authors: Ellis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007022:Hypotension / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012016:Reference Values; D018805:Sepsis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide