title: Prescribed stimulant use by Western Australians with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): does amount dispensed exceed the expected authorised use?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate to what extent Western Australian (WA) patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) received prescribed stimulants in excess of their notified dose from WA pharmacies in 2004 (termed 'discrepancy').
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of administrative data about all people aged two years and older who were prescribed stimulants for the treatment of ADHD in WA, and had at least one stimulant prescription dispensed from a WA pharmacy during the period 1 January to 31 December 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  Discrepancies were identified using minimum and maximum estimation methods (MinDE, MaxDE). We calculated for both methods the discrepancy prevalence by age and sex and annual surplus of stimulant accrued by age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 15,190 ADHD patients who comprised the study population, 5.4% to 19.0% received stimulants surplus to requirement in 2004, with peak prevalences in 6-8 year-olds (MaxDE 20.1%) and 25-34 year-olds (MaxDE 27.6%; MinDE 10.5%). The amount of stimulant dispensed surplus to requirement was highly skewed, with median annual values that ranged from one to 4.1 standard bottles (100 tablets) of dexamphetamine 5 mg for the MinDE and MaxDE methods, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is difficult to definitively estimate to what extent WA ADHD patients accrued excess stimulant medication using routine administrative data. Improvements to the WA Stimulant Regulatory Guidelines are recommended in the interests of patient safety, public transparency, methodological rigour and encouraging good prescribing practices.
authors: Centre for Research on Ageing, Curtin University of Technology, Western Australia, Australia.
authors: Janine
authors: J
authors: Calver
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Sanfilippo
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Preen
authors: Max
authors: M
authors: Bulsara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D019992:Databases as Topic; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015995:Prevalence; D014904:Western Australia
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008694:Methamphetamine; D003913:Dextroamphetamine