title: Quercus infectoria galls possess antioxidant activity and abrogates oxidative stress-induced functional alterations in murine macrophages.
abstract: The present study reports the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Quercus infectoria galls. The antioxidant potency of galls was investigated employing several established in vitro model systems. Their protective efficacy on oxidative modulation of murine macrophages was also explored. Gall extract was found to contain a large amount of polyphenols and possess a potent reducing power. HPTLC analysis of the extract suggested it to contain 19.925% tannic acid (TA) and 8.75% gallic acid (GA). The extract potently scavenged free radicals including DPPH (IC(50)~0.5 microg/ml), ABTS (IC(50)~1 microg/ml), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) (IC(50)~2.6 microg/ml) and hydroxyl (*OH) radicals (IC(50)~6 microg/ml). Gall extract also chelated metal ions and inhibited Fe(3+) -ascorbate-induced oxidation of protein and peroxidation of lipids. Exposure of rat peritoneal macrophages to tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) induced oxidative stress in them and altered their phagocytic functions. These macrophages showed elevated secretion of lysosomal hydrolases, and attenuated phagocytosis and respiratory burst. Activity of macrophage mannose receptor (MR) also diminished following oxidant exposure. Pretreatment of macrophages with gall extract preserved antioxidant armory near to control values and significantly protected against all the investigated functional mutilations. MTT assay revealed gall extract to enhance percent survival of tBOOH exposed macrophages. These results indicate that Q. infectoria galls possess potent antioxidant activity, when tested both in chemical as well as biological models.
authors: Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors: Gurpreet
authors: G
authors: Kaur
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Athar
authors: M Sarwar
authors: MS
authors: Alam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer / Q000379:methods; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000201:enzymology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D000090323:Mannose Receptor; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010941:Plant Tumors; D059808:Polyphenols; D029963:Quercus / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013634:Tannins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D000090323:Mannose Receptor; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D013634:Tannins; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D005707:Gallic Acid; D006867:Hydrolases