title: A viral microRNA functions as an orthologue of cellular miR-155.
abstract: All metazoan eukaryotes express microRNAs (miRNAs), roughly 22-nucleotide regulatory RNAs that can repress the expression of messenger RNAs bearing complementary sequences. Several DNA viruses also express miRNAs in infected cells, suggesting a role in viral replication and pathogenesis. Although specific viral miRNAs have been shown to autoregulate viral mRNAs or downregulate cellular mRNAs, the function of most viral miRNAs remains unknown. Here we report that the miR-K12-11 miRNA encoded by Kaposi's-sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) shows significant homology to cellular miR-155, including the entire miRNA 'seed' region. Using a range of assays, we show that expression of physiological levels of miR-K12-11 or miR-155 results in the downregulation of an extensive set of common mRNA targets, including genes with known roles in cell growth regulation. Our findings indicate that viral miR-K12-11 functions as an orthologue of cellular miR-155 and probably evolved to exploit a pre-existing gene regulatory pathway in B cells. Moreover, the known aetiological role of miR-155 in B-cell transformation suggests that miR-K12-11 may contribute to the induction of KSHV-positive B-cell tumours in infected patients.
authors: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Gottwein
authors: Neelanjan
authors: N
authors: Mukherjee
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Sachse
authors: Corina
authors: C
authors: Frenzel
authors: William H
authors: WH
authors: Majoros
authors: Jen-Tsan A
authors: JT
authors: Chi
authors: Ravi
authors: R
authors: Braich
authors: Muthiah
authors: M
authors: Manoharan
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Soutschek
authors: Uwe
authors: U
authors: Ohler
authors: Bryan R
authors: BR
authors: Cullen
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D051856:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D019288:Herpesvirus 8, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; C102108:BACH1 protein, human; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D051856:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins; C524942:MIRN155 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D012367:RNA, Viral