title: The principles of freeze-drying.
abstract: This chapter provides an up-to-date overview of freeze-drying (lyophilization) with particulars relevance to stabilizing live cells or viruses for industrial applications as vaccines or seed culture. The chapter discusses the importance of formulation, cycle development, validation, and the need to satisfy pharmaceutical regulatory requirements necessary for the commercial exploitation of freeze-dried products.
authors: Lyosolutions, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK.
authors: Gerald
authors: G
authors: Adams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005612:Freeze Drying / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D014612:Vaccines; D014780:Viruses
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines