title: Step-wise analysis of the dental implant insertion process using the finite element technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using the finite element method (FEM), the insertion process of a dental implant into a section of the human mandible is analysed. The ultimate aim of this article is to advance the use of an innovative engineering approach in dental practices, especially in the process of dental implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The FEM and analysis techniques are used to replicate and evaluate the stress profile created within the mandible during the implantation process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The von Mises stress profiles in both cancellous and cortical bone are examined during implant insertion. The applied torque and the insertion stage are found to strongly influence the resulting stress profile within the surrounding jawbone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Through the combination of both dental and engineering expertise, a simplified and efficient modelling technique is developed. This improves the understanding of the biomechanical reaction that the jawbone exhibits due to the insertion of implant. The current research is a pilot study using the FEM to model and simulate the dental implantation process. The assumptions made in the modelling and simulation process are: (1) the implantation process is simulated as a step-wise process instead of a continuous process; (2) the implant is parallel threaded and the implant does not rotate during insertion into the jawbone. Although the modelling and simulation techniques had to be simplified, a significant amount of information is gained that helps lay a good foundation for future research. Recommendations for future studies include the variation of the torque applied during the implantation process and upgrading the software capabilities to simulate the full dynamical process of implantation.
authors: School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia. r.vanstaden@griffith.edu.au
authors: Rudi C
authors: RC
authors: van Staden
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Guan
authors: Newell W
authors: NW
authors: Johnson
authors: Yew-Chaye
authors: YC
authors: Loo
authors: Neil
authors: N
authors: Meredith
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000379:methods; D004548:Elasticity; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D019415:Torque