title: Activation of HIV-1 expression and replication by cGMP dependent protein kinase type 1-beta (PKG1beta).
abstract: The effect of cGMP (cyclic GMP) dependent protein kinase 1-beta (PKG1-beta) and cGMP analogues on transcriptional activity and replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was investigated. Transfection of PKG1beta expression plasmid increased expression from an HIV-1 LTR-reporter as well as from an infectious HIV-1 molecular clone, pNL4-3. Treatment of HIV-1 AD8-infected monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs) with cGMP agonists and cGMP antagonists caused respectively increased and decreased virus replication. These findings provide evidence that cGMP and PKG serve to regulate HIV-1 infection in human cells.
authors: Molecular Virology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0460, USA. jiahai@yahoo.com
authors: Jia Hai
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Venkat Rk
authors: VR
authors: Yedavalli
authors: Kuan-Teh
authors: KT
authors: Jeang
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D014775:Virus Activation
chemical_list: D013873:Thionucleotides; C055656:8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-GMP; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D006152:Cyclic GMP