title: Differences in the endometrial transcript profile during the receptive period between women who were refractory to implantation and those who achieved pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gene expression profiling of normal receptive endometrium has been characterized, but intrinsic defects in endometrial gene expression associated with implantation failure have not been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women who had previously participated as recipients in oocyte donation cycles and repeatedly exhibited implantation failure (Group A, study group) or had at least one successful cycle (Group B, control group) and spontaneously fertile women (Group C, normal fertility group) were recruited. All were treated with exogenous estradiol and progesterone to induce an endometrial cycle, and an endometrial biopsy was taken on the seventh day of progesterone administration. RNA from each sample was analysed by cDNA microarrays to identify differentially expressed genes between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  63 transcripts were differentially expressed (>or=2-fold) between Groups A and B, of which 16 were subjected to real time RT-PCR. Eleven of these were significantly decreased in Group A with regard to Groups B and C. Among the dysregulated genes were MMP-7, CXCR4, PAEP and C4BPA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeated implantation failure in some oocyte recipients is associated with an intrinsic defect in the expression of multiple genes in their endometrium. Significantly decreased levels of several transcripts in endometria without manifest abnormalities is demonstrated for the first time and shown to be associated with implantation failure.
authors: Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile. atapiap@gmail.com
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Tapia
authors: Lisa M
authors: LM
authors: Gangi
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Zegers-Hochschild
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Balmaceda
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Pommer
authors: León
authors: L
authors: Trejo
authors: Isabel Margarita
authors: IM
authors: Pacheco
authors: Ana María
authors: AM
authors: Salvatierra
authors: Soledad
authors: S
authors: Henríquez
authors: Marisol
authors: M
authors: Quezada
authors: Macarena
authors: M
authors: Vargas
authors: Miguel
authors: M
authors: Ríos
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Munroe
authors: Horacio B
authors: HB
authors: Croxatto
authors: Luis
authors: L
authors: Velasquez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050716:Complement C4b-Binding Protein; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D000071816:Glycodelin; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D006649:Histocompatibility Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: C055609:C4BPA protein, human; D050716:Complement C4b-Binding Protein; D000071816:Glycodelin; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006649:Histocompatibility Antigens; C045246:PAEP protein, human; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; C060932:MMP7 protein, human; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7