title: Cardiovascular risk prediction by N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide and high sensitivity C-reactive protein is affected by age and sex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have shown that the urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (Nt-proBNP) predict cardiovascular events in a general population aged 41, 51, 61 or 71 years. This study investigated the impact of age and sex on their prognostic performance in a subgroup of 1994 apparently healthy individuals without diabetes, previous stroke or myocardial infarction, who did not receive any cardiovascular, antidiabetic or lipid-lowering medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1993-1994 we recorded cardiovascular risk factors, UACR, hsCRP and Nt-proBNP. The composite cardiovascular endpoint (CEP) of cardiovascular death and non-fatal stroke or myocardial infarction was assessed after 9.5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Cox regression analyses predicting CEP, the effects of log(hsCRP) and log(Nt-proBNP) were modulated by sex (P < 0.05) and age (P < 0.05), respectively. The effect of logUACR was not significantly modulated by age or sex. Log(hsCRP)/SD did not predict CEP in women, but did predict CEP in 41 plus 51-year-old men [hazard ratio (HR) 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.6; P < 0.05] and 61 plus 71-year-old men (HR 1.64; 1.3-2.2; P < 0.001). Log(Nt-proBNP)/SD predicted CEP in 61 plus 71-year-old women (HR 1.74; 1.2-2.5; P < 0.01) and in 61 plus 71-year-old men (HR 1.58; 1.3-2.0; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated hsCRP, reflecting early atherosclerosis, predicted CEP even in 41 plus 51-year-old men. Elevated Nt-proBNP, reflecting subclinical cardiovascular damage, predicted CEP in 61 plus 71-year-old subjects. Elevated UACR, reflecting endothelial dysfunction as well as microvascular damage, predicted events independently of age and sex, but primarily in 61 plus 71-year-old subjects.
authors: Research Center for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark. mho@dadlnet.dk
authors: Michael H
authors: MH
authors: Olsen
authors: Tine W
authors: TW
authors: Hansen
authors: Marina K
authors: MK
authors: Christensen
authors: Finn
authors: F
authors: Gustafsson
authors: Susanne
authors: S
authors: Rasmussen
authors: Kristian
authors: K
authors: Wachtell
authors: Hans
authors: H
authors: Ibsen
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Torp-Pedersen
authors: Per R
authors: PR
authors: Hildebrandt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000032:analysis; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003404:Creatinine