title: Cancer of the nasal cavity in the pediatric population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this work was to investigate the clinical manifestations and diagnostic range of malignant entities presenting as a nasal mass in the pediatric population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted at a specialty hospital and a tertiary care university hospital. Patients aged between birth and 18 years and diagnosed with a malignancy that arose within the nasal cavity between the years 1991 and 2006 were included. This institution-specific patient group was compared with a similar cohort of patients extracted from the national Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database. The main outcome measures were the incidence, presentation, and diagnoses of nasal cancer presenting in this population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen patients with nasal malignancies presented institutionally in the defined pediatric age group. Patient age at the time of diagnosis ranged from 7 months to 17 years, with a slight male predominance. The main presenting symptoms were unilateral nasal congestion and ophthalmologic complaints. The median time from presentation to diagnosis was 7 weeks; patients who presented with nonspecific complaints, such as nasal obstruction, headache, and fatigue, were given a diagnosis, on average, later than those who presented with focal manifestations. Nationwide, 47 patients were identified from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database. In both subject groups, the most common diagnoses were rhabdomyosarcoma (37.5% institutionally and 23% in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results group) and esthesioneuroblastoma (25% institutionally and 28% Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results). In the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results cohort, the overall mean survival rate was 188 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nasal cancer in the pediatric population often presents with nonspecific signs and symptoms, and a high index of suspicion is necessary for a timely diagnosis. Soft tissue sarcomas are expectedly common. The relative high frequency of esthesioneuroblastoma is particularly noteworthy.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02114, USA. margo_benoit@meei.harvard.edu
authors: Margo McKenna
authors: MM
authors: Benoit
authors: Neil
authors: N
authors: Bhattacharyya
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Faquin
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018304:Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000473:pathology*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018426:SEER Program; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis