title: TLR9-mediated recognition of DNA.
abstract: The mammalian immune system senses pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and responds with activation. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family that consists of 13 receptors plays a critical role in this process. TLRmediated signaling activates immune cells and leads to an innate immune response with subsequent initiation of an adaptive immune response. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) recognizes deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) leading to cellular activation and cytokine production influencing the immune response against viruses and bacteria. The stimulation of TLR9 will be exploited for adjuvant therapy and treatment of cancer or allergy. In this review we will discuss TLR9 ligands, TLR9 expression, signaling, and the therapeutic potential of TLR9 ligands in treatment of infectious or allergic diseases and cancer.
authors: Institut fur Immunology, Philipps-Universitat marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Müller
authors: Svetlana
authors: S
authors: Hamm
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Bauer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D004247:DNA / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000819:agonists / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014780:Viruses / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008024:Ligands; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D004247:DNA