title: Breast-feeding and type 2 diabetes in the youth of three ethnic groups: the SEARCh for diabetes in youth case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the hypothesis that breast-feeding is associated with reduced type 2 diabetes among African-American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white youth, mediated in part by current weight status.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SEARCH Case-Control Study, an ancillary study to SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth, was conducted in two of six SEARCH clinical sites. Eighty youth with type 2 diabetes aged 10-21 years were included. Nondiabetic control participants were recruited from primary care provider offices (n = 167). Breast-feeding information was recalled by biological mothers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence (%) of breast-feeding (any duration) was lower among youth with type 2 diabetes than among control subjects (19.5 vs. 27.1 for African Americans, 50.0 vs. 83.8 for Hispanics, and 39.1 vs. 77.6 for non-Hispanic whites). The overall crude odds ratio for the association of breast-feeding (ever versus never) and type 2 diabetes was 0.26 (95% CI 0.15-0.46). Results were similar by race/ethnic group (P value for interaction = 0.17). The odds ratio for the association after adjusting for 12 potential confounders was 0.43 (0.19-0.99). When current BMI z-score was added to the model, the odds ratio was attenuated (0.82 [0.30-2.30]), suggesting possible mediation through current childhood weight status. Analyses that incorporated duration of breast-feeding, adjusted for potential confounders, provided evidence for dose response (test for trend, P value <0.0001), even after inclusion of BMI z-score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breast-feeding appears to be protective against development of type 2 diabetes in youth, mediated in part by current weight status in childhood.
authors: Center for Research in Nutrition and Health Disparities and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA. ejmayer@gwm.sc.edu
authors: Elizabeth J
authors: EJ
authors: Mayer-Davis
authors: Dana
authors: D
authors: Dabelea
authors: Archana Pande
authors: AP
authors: Lamichhane
authors: Ralph B
authors: RB
authors: D'Agostino
authors: Angela D
authors: AD
authors: Liese
authors: Joan
authors: J
authors: Thomas
authors: Robert E
authors: RE
authors: McKeown
authors: Richard F
authors: RF
authors: Hamman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001942:Breast Feeding; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data