title: An intraoperative assessment of the ascending aorta: a comparison of digital palpation, transesophageal echocardiography, and epiaortic ultrasonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are a number of techniques available to assess the aorta for atheromatous disease in the intraoperative period. This study compared the relationship among the findings of digital palpation (DP), transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and epiaortic ultrasound (EAU) in the detection of atheroma in the ascending aorta.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-institution, cardiothoracic specialty hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty-four patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ascending aorta of patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery was assessed for atheroma by means of the 3 techniques. Atheroma was scored as present or absent. The sensitivity and specificity of the techniques were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Assuming EAU provides the "gold standard," the sensitivity of both TEE and DP were low. Digital palpation identified only 20 patients (12%); TEE 31 patients (20%); and, in contrast, EAU detected atheroma in 81 patients (53%). There were 3 and 6 false-positives by DP and TEE, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assuming EAU as the "gold standard" to detect atheroma, this study has shown that when assessing the ascending aorta neither DP nor TEE appear sensitive. This study supports the proposal that detection of atheroma should be performed by EAU.
authors: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery The Heart & UCL Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Sujeeth
authors: S
authors: Suvarna
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Smith
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Stygall
authors: Shyam
authors: S
authors: Kolvecar
authors: Robin
authors: R
authors: Walesby
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Harrison
authors: Stanton
authors: S
authors: Newman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010173:Palpation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional