title: All-terrain vehicle-related hospitalizations in the United States, 2000-2004.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the incidence of all-terrain vehicle (ATV)-related injury hospitalizations in the United States from 2000 through 2004, and to describe the types of injuries and associated hospital costs for the entire population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for 2000 through 2004 were obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Inpatient Sample--a stratified probability sample of 1004 community hospitals from 37 states. ATV injuries were defined by ICD-9-CM external cause of injury codes within E821. Variables included age, gender, primary diagnoses, patient disposition, primary payer, and hospital charges. Data were analyzed in 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were an estimated 58,254 ATV-related hospitalizations, increasing 90% over the 5-year period. Eighty percent were men. Thirty percent of the cases involved youth under age 18, and 8% were over age 60. Passengers accounted for 9% of the hospitalizations. Eighty-five percent were routinely discharged to home while 13% required long-term rehabilitation or home health care. Payers included private insurance (62%), Medicaid/Medicare (19%), and self-pay (12%). Rural hospitals treated 23% of the cases and urban teaching hospitals 47%. Estimated total hospital charges were about $1.1 billion (20% paid from public funds) with an average charge per patient of $19,671. Leading injuries included fractures of lower limbs (22%; mean hospital charges of $19,626), other fractures (15%; $18,873), and intracranial injuries (14%; $26,906). The overall hospital admission rate was 4.4 per 100,000 population with variation by year, gender, and age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Voluntary industry and government safety efforts have had little impact on the increasing incidence and cost of ATV injuries. Renewed prevention efforts to making ATV riding safer are warranted.
authors: Injury Control Research Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9151, USA. jhelmkamp@hsc.wvu.edu
authors: James C
authors: JC
authors: Helmkamp
authors: Paul M
authors: PM
authors: Furbee
authors: Jeffrey H
authors: JH
authors: Coben
authors: Allison
authors: A
authors: Tadros
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D017722:Hospital Charges / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015541:Off-Road Motor Vehicles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology*