title: Dengue virus infection induces passive release of high mobility group box 1 protein by epithelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) are severe complications of secondary dengue virus (DV) infection. In the current study, we provide the first evidence of induction of cellular necrosis by DV type 2 (DV-2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The epithelial cell line A549 can support replication of dengue virus as demonstrated by expression of viral NS1 antigen and virus plaque assay. DV-2 infection of cells induced cell death in approximately half of the cells that were actively infected. Using sodium 3'-[1-(phenylaminocarbonyl)-3, 4-tetrazolium]-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzene sulfonic acid hydrate [XTT]-based cell viability assays, we found that DV-2 infection at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10 resulted in significant death of cells as well as high extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and leakage of the high mobility group 1 (HMGB1) protein into the extracellular space.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that HMGB1 may be a signal of tissue or cellular injury by DV-2, which in turn is likely to induce and/or enhance an immune reaction.
authors: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, ROC.
authors: Lien-Cheng
authors: LC
authors: Chen
authors: Trai-Ming
authors: TM
authors: Yeh
authors: Huey-Nan
authors: HN
authors: Wu
authors: Yi-Ying
authors: YY
authors: Lin
authors: Huey-Wen
authors: HW
authors: Shyu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000378:metabolism; D009336:Necrosis; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D016899:Interferon-beta