title: Perceived smoking prevalence at school-level and children's smoking initiation: a multi-level analysis of a cross-sectional data in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Literature on the influence of smoking prevalence at school-level on the smoking initiation among elementary school children is scarce. The aim of the current study was to explore this in school clusters stratified according to student's perceived smoking prevalence in the school while adjusting for social impact of individual students.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data was obtained from a survey administered to 13 elementary schools in Taoyuan County, a final sample of 1585 3rd and 4th grade students. Multi-level logistic regression analysis (MLRA) was used to examine the influence variable at school-level as well as individual socio-environment level had on smoking status of elementary schools students.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Attending a school where the students reported a perception of high smoking prevalence had a greater effect on smoking behavior in boys than girls when compared with students attending a lower smoking prevalence school, after adjustment for student-level characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study confirmed that a broader school environment with a high student perception of smoking prevalence is associated with children's smoking behavior in boys. The findings further indicate the need for enforcement of anti-smoking policies within schools with higher smoking rates to reduce visibility of smoking among school children.
authors: Faculty of Dental Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Hsiao-Ling
authors: HL
authors: Huang
authors: Chih-Cheng
authors: CC
authors: Hsu
authors: Jeanette H
authors: JH
authors: Magnus
authors: Fu-Li
authors: FL
authors: Chen
authors: Janet
authors: J
authors: Rice
authors: Chien-Hung
authors: CH
authors: Lee
authors: Yea-Yin
authors: YY
authors: Yen
authors: Ted
authors: T
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology