title: Child-resistant closures for mouthwash: do they make a difference?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Poison Prevention and Packaging Act of 1970 mandated that certain potentially hazardous drugs and other products be sold in child-resistant containers (CRCs). The Consumer Product Safety Commission estimates that CRCs for aspirin and oral prescription medicine saved the lives of about 700 children since the requirements went into effect in the 1970s. Under this Act, the Consumer Product Safety Commission issued a rule requiring child-resistant packaging for mouthwashes containing 3 g or more of ethanol per package. The effective date was July 24, 1995, and applied to all applicable products packaged on or after that date.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine the effectiveness of this 1995 ruling, all American Association of Poison Control Center Toxic Exposure Surveillance System data involving children younger than 6 years who ingested ethanol-containing mouthwash 10 years before the implementation of this ruling, the transition year, and 10 years after were reviewed. Only single-substance exposures were included. Data reviewed included the total number of exposures per pre and post years and the outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 61,185 cases met the criteria. There were 18,275 exposures from 1985 through 1994 prerequirement (0.12% of all exposures); 39,376 from 1996 to 2005 postrequirement years (AR) (0.17% of all exposures); and 3,534 cases reported in 1995 (0.17% of all exposures). Definitive outcomes were coded in 62.6% of the prerequirement group and 42.2% of the AR group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Numerous factors affect these results. However, in those cases where definitive outcomes were coded, the AR group has better outcomes.
authors: Pittsburgh Poison Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA. mrvosr@upmc.edu
authors: Rita
authors: R
authors: Mrvos
authors: Edward P
authors: EP
authors: Krenzelok
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000431:Ethanol / Q000506:poisoning*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000506:poisoning*; D011041:Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D019064:Product Packaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D009067:Mouthwashes; D000431:Ethanol