title: Condyle and ramus-condyle unit fractures in growing patients: management and outcomes.
abstract: Controversy exists regarding the best management of ramus-condyle unit fractures. Treatment recommendations include observation (with or without physiotherapy or use of functional appliances), maxillomandibular fixation (for varying durations of time), and open reduction internal fixation (with varying degrees of maxillomandibular fixation postoperatively). Some unique complications also may occur after ramus-condyle unit fractures, including asymmetric mandibular growth and temporomandibular joint ankylosis. The purpose of this article is to review the evaluation and management of ramus-condyle unit fractures in growing patients with an emphasis on treatment outcomes.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 55 Fruit Street, Warren 1201, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors: Thomas B
authors: TB
authors: Dodson