Effects of gestational exposure to methylmercury and dietary selenium on reinforcement efficacy in adulthood.
It has recently been demonstrated that developmental exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) is associated with perseveration on operant tasks. An understanding of the behavioral mechanisms underlying this phenomenon may improve human testing of MeHg exposures and could provide insight into clinical syndromes that include perseveration as a component. One possible mechanism is that MeHg-induced enhancement of reinforcer efficacy produces a "reinforcement trap" that inhibits change in novel situations. Rats were exposed gestationally to 0, 0.5 or 5 ppm mercury (Hg) as MeHg via maternal drinking water. They also received a diet during gestation and throughout life that was marginal (0.06 ppm) or rich (0.6 ppm) in selenium (Se), a nutrient believed to protect against MeHg's toxicity. Reinforcer efficacy was evaluated using a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement during adulthood. Maximum ratio obtained (MRO) was determined using 20 or 60 mg sucrose pellets and with ratio requirements that increased at 5% or 20% per reinforcer. MRO was related to the rate at which the ratio increased, reinforcer magnitude, sex, and exposure regimen; MRO was increased for the 0.6 ppm Se, 5 ppm Hg group. This extends an earlier observation that developmental MeHg exposure enhances reinforcer efficacy, an effect that could be related to reports of perseveration.
Reed
Miranda N
MN
Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Banna
Kelly M
KM
Donlin
Wendy D
WD
Newland
M Christopher
MC
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D008297:Male; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012643:Selenium / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D000975:Antioxidants; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds; D012643:Selenium