title: Translating innate response into long-lasting antibody response by the intrinsic antigen-adjuvant properties of papaya mosaic virus.
abstract: Identifying the properties of a molecule involved in the efficient activation of the innate and adaptive immune responses that lead to long-lasting immunity is crucial for vaccine and adjuvant development. Here we show that the papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) is recognized by the immune system as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and as an antigen in mice (Pamptigen). A single immunization of PapMV without added adjuvant efficiently induced both cellular and specific long-lasting antibody responses. PapMV also efficiently activated innate immune responses, as shown by the induction of lipid raft aggregation, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules on dendritic cells and macrophages, and long-lasting adjuvant effects upon the specific antibody responses to model antigens. PapMV mixed with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. typhi) outer membrane protein C increased its protective capacity against challenge with S. typhi, revealing the intrinsic adjuvant properties of PapMV in the induction of immunity. Antigen-presenting cells loaded with PapMV efficiently induced antibody responses in vivo, which may link the innate and adaptive responses observed. PapMV recognition as a Pamptigen might be translated into long-lasting antibody responses and protection observed. These properties could be used in the development of new vaccine platforms.
authors: Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre Siglo XXI, Mexican Institute for Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Acosta-Ramírez
authors: Rebeca
authors: R
authors: Pérez-Flores
authors: Nathalie
authors: N
authors: Majeau
authors: Rodolfo
authors: R
authors: Pastelin-Palacios
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Gil-Cruz
authors: Maricela
authors: M
authors: Ramírez-Saldaña
authors: Nataly
authors: N
authors: Manjarrez-Orduño
authors: Luisa
authors: L
authors: Cervantes-Barragán
authors: Leopoldo
authors: L
authors: Santos-Argumedo
authors: Leopoldo
authors: L
authors: Flores-Romo
authors: Ingeborg
authors: I
authors: Becker
authors: Armando
authors: A
authors: Isibasi
authors: Denis
authors: D
authors: Leclerc
authors: Constantino
authors: C
authors: López-Macías
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D018272:Porins / Q000276:immunology; D017863:Potexvirus / Q000276:immunology*; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018272:Porins; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines