title: Clinical, neurohormonal, and inflammatory markers and overall prognostic role of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with heart failure: data from the Val-HeFT heart failure trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure are major causes of death and disability. Because little information is available about the population of patients with both syndromes, we assessed the characteristics and the independent contribution of COPD to outcomes in patients with stable chronic heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical, neurohormonal, and echocardiographic characteristics of the 5010 patients enrolled in the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial were compared in patients with or without COPD. The prognostic value of COPD was tested by multivariate Cox proportional hazard models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with COPD were older, more symptomatic, and less likely to be receiving beta-blocker therapy, and had a higher mortality (27.4% vs. 18.4%, P < .0001). Echocardiographic parameters were not different, and brain natriuretic peptide was only minimally increased. Norepinephrine, inflammatory markers, cardiac troponin T, and creatinine values were significantly higher. After adjustment, COPD no longer predicted all-cause mortality but remained predictive of noncardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio 2.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.58-3.96; P < .0001) and hospitalizations, especially noncardiovascular (hazard ratio 1.71; 95% confidence interval; 1.43-2.06; P < .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with COPD are more symptomatic and have worse outcomes that are not explained by poorer left ventricular function. After adjustment for demographic, clinical, biohumoral, and treatment variables, COPD is a weak predictor of all-cause mortality but a strong predictor of noncardiovascular events. Awareness and optimized treatment of heart failure and COPD may reduce the clinical burden of these patients.
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Research, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
authors: Lidia
authors: L
authors: Staszewsky
authors: Maylene
authors: M
authors: Wong
authors: Serge
authors: S
authors: Masson
authors: Simona
authors: S
authors: Barlera
authors: Elisa
authors: E
authors: Carretta
authors: Aldo P
authors: AP
authors: Maggioni
authors: Inder S
authors: IS
authors: Anand
authors: Jay N
authors: JN
authors: Cohn
authors: Gianni
authors: G
authors: Tognoni
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Latini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002423:Cause of Death; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D015996:Survival Rate; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020107:Troponin T / Q000097:blood*; D014633:Valine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068756:Valsartan
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D013777:Tetrazoles; D020107:Troponin T; D000068756:Valsartan; D003404:Creatinine; D014633:Valine; D009638:Norepinephrine