Toxic effects of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide on the early embryonic development of the frog Rana nigromaculata.
Toxic effects of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide ([C8mim]Br) on the early embryonic development of the frog Rana nigromaculata were evaluated. Frog embryos in different developmental stages (early cleavage, early gastrula, or neural plate) were exposed to 0, 45, 63, or 88.2 mg/L of the ionic liquid [C8mim]Br for 96 h. The 96-h median lethal concentration values at the early cleavage, early gastrula, and neural plate stages of development were 85.1, 43.4, and 42.4 mg/L, respectively. In embryos exposed to [C8mim]Br, the duration of embryo dechorionation was prolonged in the early cleavage and neural plate, but not the early gastrula, stages of development compared with control embryos. Embryos in the neural plate developmental stage were found to have the highest mortality rate following [C8mim]Br exposure. These results suggest that [C8mim]Br has toxic effects on the early embryonic development of the frog.
Li
Xiao-Yu
XY
School of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China. lixiaoyu65@263.net
Zhou
Jing
J
Yu
Miao
M
Wang
Jian-Ji
JJ
Pei
Yuan Chao
YC
D000818:Animals; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005775:Gastrula / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000633:toxicity*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000633:toxicity*; D011898:Ranidae / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids