title: Two-channel gastric pacing with a novel implantable gastric pacemaker accelerates glucagon-induced delayed gastric emptying in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the current study was to investigate the efficacy of 2-channel gastric electrical stimulation (GES) with a custom-made implantable pacemaker on delayed gastric emptying and gastric dysrhythmia induced by glucagon in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six dogs were studied in 4 randomized session (saline, glucagon, glucagon with single-channel or 2-channel GES). GES was applied via the first pair of electrodes for single-channel GES or the first and third pairs of electrodes for 2-channel GES. Gastric emptying was assessed for 90 minutes and gastric slow waves were recorded at the same time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both single-channel and 2-channel GES improved gastric dysrhythmia (P < .05 vs glucagon session). Two-channel GES but not single-channel GES improved glucagon-induced delayed gastric emptying at 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 75 minutes, and 90 minutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two-channel GES with a novel implantable pacemaker is more efficient and effective than single-channel GES in improving delayed gastric emptying induced by glucagon. This implantable multipoint pacemaker may provide a new option for treatment of gastric motility disorders.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
authors: Junying
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: Robert A
authors: RA
authors: Ross
authors: Richard W
authors: RW
authors: McCallum
authors: Jiande D Z
authors: JD
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D018589:Gastroparesis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005934:Glucagon