Oxidative injury induces selective rather than global inhibition of proteasomal activity.
Oxidative injury has been found to be associated with proteasomal inactivity. In this study, the extent of oxidative damage and its effects on proteasomal function has been critically assessed. Left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded (ischemia) and reperfused with or without preconditioning in male Sprague-Dawley rats. For further validation, H9c2 cardiac myoblasts cultures were used. We demonstrate that ischemia-reperfusion causes extensive endoplasmic reticulum stress as evident from the degradation of GRP78 transcript followed by its rapid induction. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that increasing duration of ischemia and reperfusion causes accumulation of phosphorylated IkappaB (p-IkappaB), thereby suggesting proteasomal inactivity. However, similar analysis for Nrf2, a key mediator of antioxidant defense, showed sustained activation, suggesting intact proteasomal function. Preconditioning of the myocardium preserves the degradation of p-IkappaB, suggesting effective functioning of proteasome after preconditioning. Further analysis with specific proteosomal inhibitors like epoxomicin (100 nM, inhibits chymotrypsin-like activities of proteasomes) and lactacystin (2 microM, inhibits chymotrypsin as well as some trypsin-like activities of proteasomes) suggests that degradation of p-IkappaB and Keap-1 in the proteasome occurs by independent mechanisms. This study gives further insight into interrelationship between oxidative injury and catalytic function of the proteasome in heart, where oxidative injury causes selective rather than global inhibition of proteasome.
Gurusamy
Narasimman
N
Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-1110, USA.
Goswami
Shyamal
S
Malik
Gautam
G
Das
Dipak K
DK
D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D000072019:Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; D008297:Male; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
C083487:I kappa B beta protein; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C486610:KEAP1 protein, rat; D000072019:Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D011506:Proteins; C067713:lactacystin; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D000111:Acetylcysteine