title: Relationship between GSTs gene polymorphism and susceptibility to end stage renal disease among North Indians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is the superfamily of genes that provides protection to the cells against reactive oxygen species and plays a vital role in phase II of biotransformation of many substances. Overexpression of GST (EC 2.5.1.18) has been documented in the erythrocytes of patients with chronic renal failure, which may be of clinical relevance. Keeping this background in mind, we have investigated the relationship between human GST gene polymorphism in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have assessed 184 patients with ESRD and 569 age-and sex-matched controls from North India. The GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). GSTP1-313 A/G mutation was determined by PCR followed by restriction enzyme digestion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The gene frequency of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphism were evaluated. We observed that GSTM1 null genotype was present in 46.74% of the ESRD patients while GSTT1 null genotype was present in 58.7% of the ESRD subjects. The genotypic distribution of GSTP1 was Ile(105)/Ile(105) in 47.3%, Ile(105)/Val(105) in 30.97% and Val(105)/Val(105) in 21.74% of ESRD patients. There was a significant association of null alleles of the GSTM1 (p = 0.0386; OR = 1.445, 95% CI = 1.033-2.021) and GSTT1 (p < or = 0.0001; OR = 4.568, 95% CI = 3.215-6.492) and in the -313 G alleles (Val) of the GSTP1 gene (p = 0.0032; OR = 1.956, 95% CI = 1.265-3.024) with end stage renal disease. The combined analysis of the three genotypes showed a further increased risk to ESRD (p < or = 0.0001; OR = 9.01, 95% CI = 5.55-14.626).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The null / low polymorphism of the detoxifying enzymes GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 are associated with the risk of developing ESRD in North Indian patients.
authors: Department of Medical Genetics, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, India. suraksha@sgpgi.ac.in
authors: Suraksha
authors: S
authors: Agrawal
authors: Gaurav
authors: G
authors: Tripathi
authors: Faisal
authors: F
authors: Khan
authors: Rajkumar
authors: R
authors: Sharma
authors: Vinod Pandirikkal
authors: VP
authors: Baburaj
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D005982:Glutathione Transferase