title: The production of interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 by granulocytes and monocytes is associated with ulcerative colitis disease activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To clarify which types of cells produce interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and whether IP-10 is associated with the development of ulcerative colitis (UC), we investigated IP-10 production in UC patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum IP-10 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 29 patients with active and 21 with inactive UC and in 20 controls. The production of IP-10 by granulocytes and monocytes adsorbed to G-1 beads was examined. In 21 active UC patients treated with granulocyte and monocyte/macrophage adsorptive apheresis (GMA), serum IP-10 levels were measured before and after treatment. IP-10-positive cells in UC mucosa were also examined immunohistochemically using tissues obtained by surgical resection and colonoscopic biopsies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum IP-10 levels in active UC patients were significantly higher than those in inactive patients, although even in the latter the levels were increased compared with those in controls. IP-10 production by granulocytes and monocytes in active UC patients was significantly higher than that in controls. Furthermore, the number of IP-10-positive cells was elevated in the colonic mucosa of patients with active UC, and one of the main subpopulations of IP-10-positive cells was granulocytes. Serum IP-10 levels decreased following GMA treatment in responders, but not in nonresponders. Interestingly, serum IP-10 levels before GMA were higher in responders than in nonresponders. In parallel with the serum levels, IP-10-positive cells also decreased following GMA treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum IP-10 levels reflected UC disease activity, and the source of IP-10 was granulocytes and monocytes. Furthermore, serum IP-10 levels may be a marker for the responsiveness of patients to GMA treatment.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Noguchi
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Watanabe
authors: Shosaku
authors: S
authors: Narumi
authors: Hirokazu
authors: H
authors: Yamagami
authors: Yasuhiro
authors: Y
authors: Fujiwara
authors: Kazuhide
authors: K
authors: Higuchi
authors: Nobuhide
authors: N
authors: Oshitani
authors: Tetsuo
authors: T
authors: Arakawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D001781:Blood Component Removal; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D003113:Colonoscopy; D005260:Female; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10