title: Annual risk of tuberculous infection in Andhra Pradesh, India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is paucity of information on epidemiological situation of Tuberculosis (TB) in Andhra Pradesh. The DOTS strategy under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) was introduced in the year 2000 to cover the entire State by 2005.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of tuberculous infection among children 5-9 years of age and to compute the average Annual Risk of Tuberculosis Infection (ARTI) from the estimated prevalence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cluster-sample house-based tuberculin survey was carried out in a representative sample of children between 5-9 years of age. The clusters were selected by a two-stage sampling procedure. At first stage, five districts were selected by probability proportional to population size (PPS) method. Depending upon child population ratio, 32 clusters allocated to each district were further sub-divided into rural and urban clusters selected by simple random sampling. A total of 3636 children, irrespective of their BCG scar status, were tuberculin tested using one TU PPD RT23 with Tween 80 and the maximum transverse diameter of induration was measured about 72 hours later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of infection estimated by mirror-image technique using observed mode of reactions attributable to infection with tubercle bacilli at 20mm was 9.6% (95% CI: 8.0-11.2). The ARTI was computed at 1.4% (95% CI: 1.1-1.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survey findings indicate a fairly high rate of transmission of tubercle bacilli.
authors: National TB Institute, Bangalore. vin_chadha@yahoo.com
authors: V K
authors: VK
authors: Chadha
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Kumar
authors: A V V
authors: AV
authors: Satyanarayana
authors: L S
authors: LS
authors: Chauhan
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Gupta
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Singh
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Magesh
authors: Lakshminarayana
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Ahmed
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Srivastava
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Suganthi
authors: G Uma
authors: GU
authors: Devi
mesh_terms: D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine