title: Validation of the proposed International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer non-small cell lung cancer staging system revisions for advanced bronchioloalveolar carcinoma using data from the California Cancer Registry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) has proposed significant modifications to the existing TNM and stage grouping classifications affecting the T4 and M descriptors. We set out to validate this staging system for bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) cases using data from the California Cancer Registry (CCR).
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 1909 patients from the CCR between 1999 and 2003 with histologically confirmed BAC and complete TNM staging and reclassified them according to the IASLC proposed staging revisions. There were 657 patients with stage IIIB and IV disease who formed the primary analysis of the changes to T4 and M descriptors. Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) extent of disease codes (EOD) were used to identify various T4 and M descriptors. The primary outcome measured was overall survival (OS) for stage-specific comparisons of the existing to the proposed staging systems, using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate survival analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the proposed criteria, 162 (25%) of the 657 patients with advanced BAC were reclassified: 73 patients with multiple lesions in the same lobe as T3 (stage II T3N0M0 [n = 53], stage IIIA T3N1-2M0 [n = 18], stage IIIB T3N3M0 [n = 1] or T3NXM0 [n = 1]); 89 patients with ipsilateral intrapulmonary metastasis were reclassified as T4 (stage IIIA T4N0-N1M0 [n = 54], stage IIIB T4N2-3M0 [n = 23] or T4NXM0 [n = 12]). Univariate and multivariate survival analysis of this validation set revealed an improved fit for the proposed IASLC staging system compared with the existing staging system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed IASLC staging system modifications accurately reflect survival characteristics for BAC and represent an improvement compared with the existing staging system.
authors: Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA. jzell@uci.edu
authors: Jason A
authors: JA
authors: Zell
authors: S-H
authors: SH
authors: Ignatius Ou
authors: Argyrios
authors: A
authors: Ziogas
authors: Hoda
authors: H
authors: Anton-Culver
mesh_terms: D002282:Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / Q000145:classification* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002140:California; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000145:classification / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000592:standards*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D011336:Probability; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis