title: Numerical analysis of the Gran methods. A comparative study.
abstract: The paper concerns mainly the modified Gran methods, considered as extrapolative standard addition methods. Particularly, the approximation: [Formula: see text] where xi congruent with 2, is applied for the needs of the modified Gran I methods, in accurate and simplified versions, denoted as MG(I)A and MG(I)S methods. These methods are compared with Gran II methods, in original (G(II)) and modified accurate (MG(II)A) versions. All the methods were tested with use of results obtained from simulated potentiometric titrations. The effects involved with a pre-assumed slope vartheta(*)-value for a redox indicator electrode and in errors in potential (E) and volume (V) readouts on the error in equivalence volume (V(eq)) value thus determined is considered. It is recognized that MG(I)A and MG(II)A appear to be the best methods applicable for V(eq) determination among ones considered hitherto. Moreover, the MG(I)S method is the best choice for determination of the true slope theta(*)-value for the redox indicator electrode.
authors: Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Kraków, Poland. michalot@o2.pl
authors: Tadeusz
authors: T
authors: Michałowski
authors: Krzysztof
authors: K
authors: Kupiec
authors: Maciej
authors: M
authors: Rymanowski
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D009716:Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011199:Potentiometry; D017186:Titrimetry