title: Core biopsies of renal tumors: a study on diagnostic accuracy, interobserver, and intraobserver variability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The diagnostic accuracy of in-bench core biopsies (CBs) from renal masses, and the interobserver and intraobserver variability in pathological subtyping of renal tumors were assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed two CBs in 62 consecutive renal masses suspected for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), obtained after radical or partial nephrectomy and, in one case, after autopsy. Routine hematoxylin-eosin (HE)-stained sections from each CB were evaluated by five pathologists on two occasions. The surgical specimen was the reference standard. Diagnostic accuracy and the generalized kappa for intraobserver and interobserver agreement were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five tumors were benign and 57 malignant. Eight percent to 16% of the CBs were considered inadequate for diagnosis. In 0-8% of the cases, the pathologist could not discriminate between a benign or malignant tumor. Overall accuracy ranged from 77% to 90%. Sensitivity (79-100%) and positive predictive value (100%) were high with narrow 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Specificity (100%) was high but negative predictive value (29%-100%) varied, with wide 95% CI. Interobserver agreement was fair to almost perfect (kappa=-0.010 to 0.830) for the different subtypes. In 64-81% of the CBs, the subtype was correctly classified. Intraobserver agreement was substantial (mean kappa=0.628) for all pathologists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diagnostic accuracy of CBs was high, with a diagnostic yield varying between 84% and 92%. Pathological subtyping of CBs was highly reproducible with the exception of the chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, which was problematic on HE-stained sections only.
authors: Department of Urology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Intan
authors: I
authors: Kümmerlin
authors: Fiebo
authors: F
authors: ten Kate
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Smedts
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Horn
authors: Ferran
authors: F
authors: Algaba
authors: Isabel
authors: I
authors: Trias
authors: J
authors: J
authors: de la Rosette
authors: M Pilar
authors: MP
authors: Laguna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results