title: Etanercept therapy in patients with a positive tuberculin skin test.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Etanercept (Enbrel), a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) antagonist, is commonly used for the treatment of a variety of rheumatic diseases. Tuberculosis (TB) infections have been associated with chronic TNF-alpha blocking therapy, and there is concern that such therapy may predispose patients to TB reactivation. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the frequency of latent TB reactivation among patients treated with etanercept.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with either a positive purified protein derivative (PPD) for TB or a previous history of therapy for latent TB infection (LTBI) who were prescribed etanercept in the division of rheumatology at John H. Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County prior to November 2005 were enrolled in this study. A retrospective chart review was performed looking for evidence of active TB infection during etanercept treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-eight patients with a positive PPD were treated with etanercept, and followed for an aggregate of 818 patient-months of etanercept exposure, with a mean follow-up period of 17 months (range 5 to 48 months); all patients had at least one follow-up visit. Forty-four patients (92%) were fully or partially treated with LTBI therapy prior to initiation of etanercept. Chest roentgenograms were available for review in 43 patients, ten of which had evidence of old granulomatous disease. No cases of active TB were described during the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this small retrospective analysis, none of the 48 patients with positive PPDs who were treated with etanercept for average of 17 months developed active TB.
authors: John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County Hospital, Chicago, USA. amanadan@rush.edu
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Manadan
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Joyce
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Sequeira
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Block
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068800:Etanercept; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000068800:Etanercept