title: Reliability and normative values of the foot line test: a technique to assess foot posture.
abstract: METHODS
  Test-retest reliability.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the reliability and report normative values of a novel test, the foot line test (FLT), to describe foot morphology.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Numerous foot examinations are performed each day, but most existing examination techniques have considerable limitations regarding reliability and validity.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty subjects with mean foot size 44 (41-50 European size) participated. Two examiners, blinded to each other's measurements, measured the right foot of the subjects twice and the left foot once. The position of the most medial aspect of the navicular in the mediolateral direction was projected vertically onto a piece of paper placed under the subject's foot, and compared to the position of the forefoot and hindfoot to obtain the FLT value.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FLT values ranged from -8 to 14 mm, with a mean (+/-SD) of 3.7 +/- 3.4 mm. The intratester reproducibility reported by SEM was 0.8 mm for tester 1 and 0.9 mm for tester 2, while intertester SEM was 1.4 mm for the right foot and 1.3 mm for the left foot. The intrarater ICC was 0.95 for tester 1 and 0.94 for tester 2, while the interrater ICC was 0.86 (left foot) and 0.83 (right foot). There was no significant association between foot size and FLT values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FLT is a reproducible technique to assess foot posture.
authors: Amager Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen, Denmark. Brushoj@dadlnet.dk
authors: Christoffer
authors: C
authors: Brushøj
authors: Henning
authors: H
authors: Langberg
authors: Klaus
authors: K
authors: Larsen
authors: Michael Bachmann
authors: MB
authors: Nielsen
authors: Per
authors: P
authors: Hölmich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000379:methods*; D010808:Physical Examination; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results