title: Sperm quality improvement after natural anti-oxidant treatment of asthenoteratospermic men with leukocytospermia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the immune-modulating and anti-oxidant effects of beta-glucan, papaya, lactoferrin, and vitamins C and E on sperm characteristics of patients with asthenoteratozoospermia associated with leucocytosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one patients referred to our Sterility Center for semen analysis were selected. Sperm parameters were assessed before and after patient's treatment with beta-glucan, lactoferrin, papaya, and vitamins C and E. DNA damage was assessed by the acridine orange test and sperm structural characteristics were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 90 days of treatment, an increase in the percentage of morphologically normal sperm (17.0 +/- 5.2 vs. 29.8 +/- 6.5) and total progressive motility (19.0 +/- 7.8 vs. 34.8 +/- 6.8) were detected. Structural sperm characteristics as well as chromatin integrity were also improved after treatment. In terms of leukocyte concentration in seminal fluid, a significant reduction was recorded (2.2 +/- 0.9 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The treatment of an inflammatory process by the synergic action of immune modulators and anti-oxidants could protect sperm during maturation and migration, leading to improved sperm function.
authors: Department of Surgery, Biology Section, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, Siena, Italy. piomboni@unisi.it
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Piomboni
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Gambera
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Serafini
authors: Giovanna
authors: G
authors: Campanella
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Morgante
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: De Leo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053627:Asthenozoospermia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D029441:Carica; D006801:Humans; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007964:Leukocytosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028321:Plant Preparations; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D028321:Plant Preparations; D047071:beta-Glucans; D014810:Vitamin E; D007781:Lactoferrin; D001205:Ascorbic Acid