title: Gingival and bone necrosis caused by accidental sodium hypochlorite injection instead of anaesthetic solution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report clinical complications (pain, necrotic gingival tissue and bone sequestration) resulting from accidental injection of sodium hypochlorite.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Root canal treatment is a routine clinical procedure with few reported complications. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is commonly used as an irrigant during the procedure because of its tissue-dissolving, antibacterial and lubricating properties. This paper presents a case in which accidental injection of sodium hypochlorite into the lingual gingiva of a female patient caused gingival and bone necrosis. Surgical intervention was required.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  *Sodium hypochlorite is dangerous if injected into the tissues. *The presentation of sodium hypochlorite in glass, anaesthetic type cartridges is potentially dangerous, and should be condemned. *All healthcare workers should check carefully the contents of any syringe before injecting into patients.
authors: Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Pontes
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Pontes
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Adachi
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Rodini
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Almeida
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Pinto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005882:Gingival Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000601:surgery; D011671:Pulpitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite