title: Immediate hypersensitivity elicits renin release from cardiac mast cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We recently reported that murine and cavian heart mast cells are a unique extrarenal source of renin. Ischemia/reperfusion releases this renin leading to local angiotensin formation and norepinephrine release. As mast cells are a primary target of hypersensitivity, we assessed whether anaphylactic mast cell degranulation also results in renin and norepinephrine release.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hearts isolated from presensitized guinea pigs were challenged with antigen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiac anaphylaxis was characterized by mast cell degranulation, evidenced by beta-hexosaminidase release and associated with renin and norepinephrine release. Mast cell stabilization with cromolyn or lodoxamide markedly attenuated the release of beta-hexosaminidase, renin and norepinephrine. Renin inhibition with BILA2157 did not affect mast cell degranulation, but attenuated norepinephrine release.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings disclose that immediate-type hypersensitivity elicits renin release from mast cells, activating a local renin-angiotensin system, thereby promoting norepinephrine release. As renin is stored in human heart mast cells, allergic reactions could initiate renin release, leading to local angiotensin formation and hyperadrenergic dysfunction.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Seiichiro
authors: S
authors: Kano
authors: Eleanor
authors: E
authors: Tyler
authors: Mariselis
authors: M
authors: Salazar-Rodriguez
authors: Rima
authors: R
authors: Estephan
authors: Christina J
authors: CJ
authors: Mackins
authors: Arul
authors: A
authors: Veerappan
authors: Alicia C
authors: AC
authors: Reid
authors: Randi B
authors: RB
authors: Silver
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Levi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015550:Cell Degranulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000276:immunology; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D010072:Oxamic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012083:Renin / Q000276:immunology*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases / Q000378:metabolism; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors
chemical_list: D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium; D009638:Norepinephrine; D010047:Ovalbumin; D010072:Oxamic Acid; D011725:Pyridines; D012083:Renin; D013844:Thiazoles; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors; C099058:BILA 2157 BS; C021702:lodoxamide ethyl