title: Preparation of a simple and efficient laboratory model for training in neuroendoscopic procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because the lateral ventricles of cadaver heads are often collapsed, they can be difficult to cannulate endoscopically. We present a novel method for preparing a cadaveric model for endoscopic intraventricular procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A burr hole was placed in the midpupillary line anterior to the coronal suture. A triangular wedge of frontal scalp, skull, and dura with its base 6 cm superior to the orbitomeatal line and 6 cm posterior to the forehead was cut and removed. A wedge of the underlying brain was similarly cut along the edge of the bone window. After removal of the brain block, the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle was exposed. The endoscope sheath was inserted through the burr hole into the anterior horn in the brain block, following its return to its original location with the skull and scalp.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This model is easily prepared and optimizes training in endoscopic ventricular surgery.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. nakamasa@iwa.att.ne.jp
authors: Nakamasa
authors: N
authors: Hayashi
authors: Masanori
authors: M
authors: Kurimoto
authors: Hideo
authors: H
authors: Hamada
authors: Kunikazu
authors: K
authors: Kurosaki
authors: Shunro
authors: S
authors: Endo
authors: Alan R
authors: AR
authors: Cohen
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy; D006257:Head / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D044583:Neuroendoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D014696:Ventriculostomy / Q000379:methods*