title: Suppression of cFLIP is sufficient to sensitize human melanoma cells to TRAIL- and CD95L-mediated apoptosis.
abstract: Death ligands such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and certain forms of CD95L are attractive therapeutic options for metastatic melanoma. Since knowledge about the regulation of death receptor sensitivity in melanoma is sparse, we have analysed these signaling pathways in detail. The loss of CD95 or TRAIL-R1, but not of TRAIL-R2, surface expression correlated with apoptosis sensitivity in a panel of melanoma cell lines. In contrast, the expression of proteins of the apical apoptosis signaling cascade (FADD, initiator caspases-8 and cFLIP) did not predict apoptosis sensitivity. Since both TRAIL-R1 and -R2 transmit apoptotic signals, we asked whether cFLIP, highly expressed in several of the cell lines tested, is sufficient to maintain resistance to TRAIL-R2-mediated apoptosis. Downregulation of cFLIP in TRAIL-R2-positive, TRAIL-resistant IGR cells dramatically increased TRAIL sensitivity. Conversely ectopic expression of cFLIP in TRAIL-sensitive, TRAIL-R2-expressing RPM-EP melanoma cells inhibited TRAIL- and CD95L-mediated cell death. Thus, modulation of cFLIP is sufficient to sensitize TRAIL-R2-expressing cells for TRAIL. Taken together, albeit expressing all proteins necessary for death receptor-mediated apoptosis, TRAIL-R1 negative melanoma cells cannot undergo TRAIL- or CD95L-induced apoptosis due to expression of cFLIP. Hence, cFLIP represents an attractive therapeutic target for melanoma treatment, especially in combination with TRAIL receptor agonists.
authors: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Geserick
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Drewniok
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Hupe
authors: T L
authors: TL
authors: Haas
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Diessenbacher
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Sprick
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Schön
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Henkler
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Gollnick
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Walczak
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Leverkus
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects*; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein; D004338:Drug Combinations; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D053181:Caspase 8