title: Inhibition of high glucose-induced erythrocyte phosphatidylserine exposure by leupeptin and disaccharides.
abstract: High glucose can lead to serious phosphatidylserine exposure of erythrocytes which may influence the protective effect of glucose on lyophilization of erythrocytes. In this study, caspase activation has not occurred during phosphatidylserine exposure of erythrocytes. However, leupeptin can efficiently inhibit phosphatidylserine exposure of erythrocytes induced by high glucose. With increase of the leupeptin concentrations, the percentages of cells with exposed phosphatidylserine were decreased steadily. In addition, trehalose and sucrose can significantly inhibit phosphatidylserine exposure and cell shrinkage of erythrocytes induced by high glucose through increasing tolerance to osmotic shock. When the disaccharide concentrations were more than 100 mM, the percentages of cells with exposed phosphatidylserine were similar to those of control cells. Moreover, addition of disaccharides in the glucose buffer can result in high osmotic pressure which may facilitate uptake of glucose and disaccharides into erythrocytes and higher cellular glucose and disaccharide concentrations can provide more protection for lyophilized erythrocytes. Although disaccharides can increase the osmotolerance and decrease the phosphatidylserine exposure of erythrocytes exposed to high glucose, whether disaccharides can prevent phosphatidylserine exposure of lyophilized erythrocytes still needs further researches.
authors: Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, The Taiping Road 27, The Haidian County, Beijing 100850, China. waltq20020109@yahoo.com.cn
authors: Guo Bo
authors: GB
authors: Quan
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Han
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Yang
authors: Wen Bo
authors: WB
authors: Hu
authors: An
authors: A
authors: Liu
authors: Jie Xi
authors: JX
authors: Wang
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Min Xia
authors: MX
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D005612:Freeze Drying; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000097:blood*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014199:Trehalose / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007976:Leupeptins; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D013395:Sucrose; D014199:Trehalose; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D005947:Glucose; C032854:leupeptin