title: Dural invasion of meningioma: a histological and immunohistochemical study.
abstract: Meningioma usually grows and expands into the brain, but invasion into the brain parenchyma is relatively rare. Meningioma arises from arachnoid cap cells, and infiltration into dura mater is the main growth pattern of meningiomas. However, little is known about the mechanism of meningioma invasion into the dura mater. In this study, seven specimens, including dural attachments, from seven cases of meningioma were used for immunohistochemical analysis. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, -9, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), flt-1, E-cadherin, estrogen receptor (EgR), progesterone receptor (PgR), and aquaporin (AQP)-1, -4 were used as primary antibodies. There were several patterns of meningioma invasion into the dura mater: papillary-shaped invasion with destruction of dural structure, infiltration along the fibers of the dura mater, and invasion of several tumor cell units with fibroblast infiltration. Strong immunostaining was obtained with MMP-1, followed by AQP-1 and uPA, within the invading tumor cells. Neovasculature and extravasated erythrocytes, which stained with AQP-1, were also occasionally observed around the invading tumor cells. Simpson grade II removal of meningiomas results in high recurrence rates, and the inhibition of meningioma growth via dural invasion will facilitate improved remission in many cases with meningioma. In this study, MMP-1, AQP-1, and uPA are considered to have some role in the dural infiltration of meningioma cells. The fact that AQP-1 was highly expressed at the dural attachment and invading front of meningioma may indicate that dural invasion of the meningioma may be facilitated by AQP-1-induced water flow and neovascularization.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Fujigaoka Hospital, Showa University, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8501, Japan. goro-n@po1.dti2.ne.jp
authors: Goro
authors: G
authors: Nagashima
authors: Tsukasa
authors: T
authors: Fujimoto
authors: Ryuta
authors: R
authors: Suzuki
authors: Jun-ichiro
authors: J
authors: Asai
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Itokawa
authors: Masayuki
authors: M
authors: Noda
mesh_terms: D051398:Aquaporin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008579:Meningioma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016707:Tissue Fixation; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051398:Aquaporin 1; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1