Formation of lipid droplets induced by 2,3-dihydrogeranylgeranoic acid distinct from geranylgeranoic acid.
Geranylgeranoic acid (GGA) and 2,3-dihydrogeranylgeranoic acid (2,3-diGGA) are geranylgeraniol-derived metabolites (Kodaira et al. (2002) J Biochem 132: 327-334). In the present study, we examined the effects of these acids on HL-60 cells. The cells were differentiated into neutrophils by GGA stimulation like retinoic acid stimulation. In the case of cells stimulated with 2,3-diGGA, neutrophils were not detected, but the formation of lipid droplets was induced. On the other hand, when the cells were cultured in the presence of 0.1% FBS instead of 10% FBS, apoptotic cells were induced not only by GGA stimulation but also with 2,3-diGGA. In the latter case, when the cells were cultured in the co-presence of a caspase-3 inhibitor (Ac-DMQD-CHO), the lipid droplets formation was observed in the cells. These results suggest that GGA and 2,3-diGGA are extremely different from each other with respect to their effects on HL-60 cells.
Kodaira
Yuichi
Y
Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Kusumoto
Takeru
T
Takahashi
Takeshi
T
Matsumura
Yoshihiro
Y
Miyagi
Yukino
Y
Okamoto
Kyoko
K
Shidoji
Yoshihiro
Y
Sagami
Hiroshi
H
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*
C530771:2,3-dihydrogeranylgeranoic acid; D004224:Diterpenes; D008055:Lipids; C040155:geranylgeranic acid