title: Association between promoter and coding region mutations of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 and beta-thalassemia/Hb E with cholelithiasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cholelithiasis has been observed with high incidence in beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E (beta-thal/Hb E). Recent studies have shown that a variant TATA-box in the promoter region of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) gene is associated with the development of cholelithiasis. The coding region mutation (G71R) of the UGT1A1 gene was higher in Asians than those in Caucasians. The relationship between the variant UGT1A1 promoter and coding region gene and cholelithiasis in beta-thal/Hb E subjects were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seventeen beta-thal/Hb E subjects entered this study. The TATA-box and G71R mutations were analyzed by fragment size analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of cholelithiasis was higher in heterozygous (68.3%) and homozygous (100%) subjects compared with normal UGT1A1 haplotype (61.4%). Total bilirubin level (6.0 +/- 2.03 mg/dL) in the homozygous group was significantly higher than that of wild type (3.31 +/- 1.83 ng/dL). Prevalence of cholelithiasis increased with age (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.03-1.12, P < 0.001). Female gender (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.3-10.6, P < 0.01) and elevated liver enzyme (OR = 1.02, 95%CI = 1.0-1.04, P < 0.02) were two other risk factors for cholelithiasis in beta-thal/Hb E.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that the combined TATA-box variants and G71R mutations of the UGT1A1 is associated with cholelithiasis in beta-thal/Hb E.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand. jranut@pmk.ac.th
authors: Jeeranut
authors: J
authors: Tankanitlert
authors: Noppawan P
authors: NP
authors: Morales
authors: Pranee
authors: P
authors: Fucharoen
authors: Suthat
authors: S
authors: Fucharoen
authors: Udom
authors: U
authors: Chantharaksri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006446:Hemoglobin E / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000099148:UGT1A1 Enzyme
chemical_list: D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D006446:Hemoglobin E; D000099148:UGT1A1 Enzyme