title: Involvement of AMPA receptors in the antidepressant-like effects of lithium in the mouse tail suspension test and forced swim test.
abstract: In addition to its clinical antimanic effects, lithium also has efficacy in the treatment of depression. However, the mechanism by which lithium exerts its antidepressant effects is unclear. Our objective was to further characterize the effects of peripheral and central administration of lithium in mouse models of antidepressant efficacy as well as to investigate the role of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors in these behaviors. We utilized the mouse forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), intracerebroventricular (ICV) lithium administration, AMPA receptor inhibitors, and BS3 crosslinking followed by Western blot. Both short- and long-term administration of lithium resulted in robust antidepressant-like effects in the mouse FST and TST. Using ICV administration of lithium, we show that these effects are due to actions of lithium on the brain, rather than to peripheral effects of the drug. Both ICV and rodent chow (0.4% LiCl) administration paradigms resulted in brain lithium concentrations within the human therapeutic range. The antidepressant-like effects of lithium in the FST and TST were blocked by administration of AMPA receptor inhibitors. Additionally, administration of lithium increased the cell surface expression of GluR1 and GluR2 in the mouse hippocampus. Collectively, these data show that lithium exerts centrally mediated antidepressant-like effects in the mouse FST and TST that require AMPA receptor activation. Lithium may exert its antidepressant effects in humans through AMPA receptors, thus further supporting a role of targeting AMPA receptors as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of depression.
authors: Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. tgould@psych.umaryland.edu
authors: Todd D
authors: TD
authors: Gould
authors: Kelley C
authors: KC
authors: O'Donnell
authors: Eliot R
authors: ER
authors: Dow
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Du
authors: Guang
authors: G
authors: Chen
authors: Husseini K
authors: HK
authors: Manji
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D019417:Hindlimb Suspension / Q000379:methods*; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular / Q000379:methods; D018020:Lithium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000502:physiology*; D013550:Swimming; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D018020:Lithium Compounds; D011810:Quinoxalines; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; C061950:GYKI 52466; C062865:2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline; D001569:Benzodiazepines