title: Volumetric bladder ultrasound performed by trained nurses increases catheterization success in pediatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to determine whether the use of volumetric ultrasound by trained pediatric emergency department (ED) nurses improves first-attempt urine collection success rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized controlled trial was conducted in children aged < or = 36 months requiring diagnostic urine samples. Children were randomized to either the conventional (nonimaged) or the ultrasound arm. Demographics, number of catheterizations required for success, postponements, and collection times were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five children were assigned to the conventional and 48 to the ultrasound arm (n = 93). First-attempt success rates were higher in the ultrasound arm: 67% (conventional) vs 92% (ultrasound) (P = .003). Both urinalysis and culture were less likely to be completed on conventional group specimens (91% vs 100%; P = .04). However, mean conventional group urine collection time was less than the ultrasound group's collection time (12 vs 28 minutes; P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there is a time delay, urine collection in the ultrasound arm generated a significant improvement over conventional catheterization in obtaining an adequate urine sample.
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Camden, NJ 08103, USA. baumann-b@cooperhealth.edu
authors: Brigitte M
authors: BM
authors: Baumann
authors: Kathryn
authors: K
authors: McCans
authors: Sarah A
authors: SA
authors: Stahmer
authors: Mary B
authors: MB
authors: Leonard
authors: Justine
authors: J
authors: Shults
authors: William C
authors: WC
authors: Holmes
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D016529:Emergency Nursing; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D014463:Ultrasonography; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing*