title: Highly permeable polymeric membranes based on the incorporation of the functional water channel protein Aquaporin Z.
abstract: The permeability and solute transport characteristics of amphiphilic triblock-polymer vesicles containing the bacterial water-channel protein Aquaporin Z (AqpZ) were investigated. The vesicles were made of a block copolymer with symmetric poly-(2-methyloxazoline)-poly-(dimethylsiloxane)-poly-(2-methyloxazoline) (PMOXA(15)-PDMS(110)-PMOXA(15)) repeat units. Light-scattering measurements on pure polymer vesicles subject to an outwardly directed salt gradient in a stopped-flow apparatus indicated that the polymer vesicles were highly impermeable. However, a large enhancement in water productivity (permeability per unit driving force) of up to approximately 800 times that of pure polymer was observed when AqpZ was incorporated. The activation energy (E(a)) of water transport for the protein-polymer vesicles (3.4 kcal/mol) corresponded to that reported for water-channel-mediated water transport in lipid membranes. The solute reflection coefficients of glucose, glycerol, salt, and urea were also calculated, and indicated that these solutes are completely rejected. The productivity of AqpZ-incorporated polymer membranes was at least an order of magnitude larger than values for existing salt-rejecting polymeric membranes. The approach followed here may lead to more productive and sustainable water treatment membranes, whereas the variable levels of permeability obtained with different concentrations of AqpZ may provide a key property for drug delivery applications.
authors: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors: Manish
authors: M
authors: Kumar
authors: Mariusz
authors: M
authors: Grzelakowski
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Zilles
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Clark
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Meier
mesh_terms: D020346:Aquaporins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001671:Biochemistry / Q000379:methods; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D008566:Membranes / Q000737:chemistry*; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D010539:Permeability; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D020346:Aquaporins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D008055:Lipids; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011108:Polymers; C106425:aqpZ protein, E coli; D014867:Water