title: Calyculin A retraction of mature megakaryocytes proplatelets from embryonic stem cells.
abstract: Platelets are produced by megakaryocytes (MKs) through proplatelet formation (PPF), or cytoplasmic extensions, in vitro. Through the use of video-enhanced light microscopy, as well as localization of cytoskeletal proteins by confocal microscopy, the reaction of fully mature MK proplatelets, derived from murine embryonic stem cells, to various agents was studied. Calyculin A (protein phosphatase 1/2A inhibitor) treatment induced proplatelet retraction. In MKs with PPF, the expression of actin, myosin IIA, monophosphorylated myosin light chain (MLC-P1), and diphosphorylated myosin light chain (MLC-P2) was diffusely located. Following calyculin A treatment, actin was diffusely localized in retracted MKs and was expressed particularly in the periphery. MLC-P1 was also localized primarily in the periphery; however, MLC-P2 was expressed mostly in the inner area of proplatelets. Protein phosphatase inhibitors may result in increased hyperphosphorylation of localized MLC, which could alter the balance of actomyosin force in a cell, and therefore induce proplatelets retraction.
authors: Institute of Human Research Promotion and Drug Development, Mie University, Faculty of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Tamaru
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Kitajima
authors: Tohru
authors: T
authors: Nakano
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Eto
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Yazaki
authors: Toshihiko
authors: T
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Matsumoto
authors: Hideo
authors: H
authors: Wada
authors: Naoyuki
authors: N
authors: Katayama
authors: Masakatsu
authors: M
authors: Nishikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008387:Marine Toxins; D008533:Megakaryocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D010080:Oxazoles; C059041:calyculin A