title: Hepatic arterial chemoembolization for management of metastatic melanoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatic arterial chemoembolization is an accepted therapy for stage 4 melanoma with liver-dominant metastasis. However, the reports of outcomes are limited. We present our outcomes with hepatic arterial chemoembolization for metastasis of stage 4 melanoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with liver-dominant metastasis of ocular or cutaneous melanoma were treated with hepatic arterial chemoembolization. Overall survival and progression-free survival rates were calculated from the first treatment. Patients with intrahepatic tumor progression were treated with additional hepatic arterial chemoembolization. Both overall survival and progression-free survival were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Tumor pattern on angiography was characterized as either nodular or infiltrative on the basis of angiographic appearance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 20 patients underwent 46 hepatic arterial chemoembolization sessions (mean, 2.4 sessions; range, 1-5). The mean and median overall survival times were 334 +/- 71 and 271 days, respectively. There were no deaths within 30 days of treatment. Thirteen of the 20 patients had progression of disease. The mean and median progression-free survival times for these patients were 231 +/- 42 and 185 days, respectively. Patients with lesions that had a nodular angiographic appearance had longer progression-free survival than patients with lesions that had an infiltrative appearance (mean progression-free survival time, 249 vs 63 days). Patients with lesions that had a nodular angiographic appearance also survived significantly longer than those with lesions that had an infiltrative angiographic pattern (mean overall survival time, 621 vs 114 days; p = 0.0002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatic arterial chemoembolization for liver-dominant metastasis of stage 4 melanoma is a safe treatment that results in longer survival than has occurred among historical controls. Patients with lesions that have a nodular tumor appearance on angiography survive significantly longer than patients with lesions that have an infiltrative appearance on angiography.
authors: Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors: Karun V
authors: KV
authors: Sharma
authors: Jennifer E
authors: JE
authors: Gould
authors: J William
authors: JW
authors: Harbour
authors: Gerald P
authors: GP
authors: Linette
authors: Thomas K
authors: TK
authors: Pilgram
authors: Pouya N
authors: PN
authors: Dayani
authors: Daniel B
authors: DB
authors: Brown
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005134:Eye Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome