title: Comparison of cytokine expression profile during Wallerian degeneration of myelinated and unmyelinated peripheral axons.
abstract: Changes in cytokine and chemokine expression during Wallerian degeneration have been studied using nerve transection models, which result in denervation of both myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells. Cytokine and chemokine response of non-myelinating Remak Schwann cells to loss of their axons is unknown. In this study, we compared the expression profile of various cytokines and chemokines in distal nerves after capsaicin-induced degeneration of unmyelinated axons to Wallerian degeneration induced by nerve transection. Upregulation of MCP-1, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 were seen in both groups but IL-1ss and LIF were primarily upregulated in Wallerian degeneration of the whole nerve and not in capsaicin-induced degeneration of unmyelinated axons. The activated macrophage response, as measured by an increase in ED-1 immunostaining, was more prominent in the transected sciatic nerves compared to capsaicin-treated nerves. These findings indicate that there are differences in the cytokine and chemokine response of myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells to loss of their axons, and add to a growing body of literature that points to greater heterogeneity among Schwann cells.
authors: Department of Anatomy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: Therapoj
authors: T
authors: Cheepudomwit
authors: Emre
authors: E
authors: Güzelsu
authors: Chunhua
authors: C
authors: Zhou
authors: John W
authors: JW
authors: Griffin
authors: Ahmet
authors: A
authors: Höke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019771:Axotomy; D002211:Capsaicin; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D053331:Ectodysplasins / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D036421:Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009498:Neurotoxins; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014855:Wallerian Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: C491766:Ccl2 protein, rat; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016207:Cytokines; D053331:Ectodysplasins; C506019:Eda protein, mouse; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D009498:Neurotoxins; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002211:Capsaicin