title: Cyclooxygenase inhibitors induce apoptosis in sinonasal cancer cells by increased expression of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene.
abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) has recently been shown to be induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and to have proapoptotic and antitumorigenic activities. Although sulindac sulfide induced apoptosis in sinonasal cancer cells, the relationship between NAG-1 and NSAIDs has not been determined. In this study, we investigated the induction of apoptosis in sinonasal cancer cells treated by various NSAIDs and the role of NAG-1 expression in this induction. The effect of NSAIDs on normal human nasal epithelial (NHNE) cells was also examined to evaluate their safety on normal cells. Finally, the in vivo anti-tumorigenic activity of NSAIDs in mice was investigated. In AMC-HN5 human sinonasal carcinoma cells, indomethacin was the most potent NAG-1 inducer and caused NAG-1 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The induction of NAG-1 expression preceded the induction of apoptosis. Conditioned medium from NAG-1-overexpressing Drosophila cells inhibited proliferation of sinonasal cancer cells and induced apoptosis. In addition, in NAG-1 small interfering RNA-transfected cells, apoptosis induced by indomethacin was suppressed. In contrast, NAG-1 expression and apoptosis were not induced by NSAIDs or conditioned medium in NHNE cells. Furthermore, indomethacin induced a dose-dependent in vivo increase in the expression of NAG-1 mRNA in the mice tumors and the volume of xenograft tumors of AMC-HN5 cells in indomethacin-treated nude mice was reduced compared to that in control mice. In conclusion, indomethacin exerts proapoptotic and antitumorigenic effects in sinonasal cancer cells through the induction of NAG-1 and can be considered a safe and effective chemopreventive agent against sinonasal cancer.
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cheju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea.
authors: Jeong Hong
authors: JH
authors: Kim
authors: Jung Hyun
authors: JH
authors: Chang
authors: Kwang-Hyeon
authors: KH
authors: Rhee
authors: Joo-Heon
authors: JH
authors: Yoon
authors: Soon Ho
authors: SH
authors: Kwon
authors: Keejae
authors: K
authors: Song
authors: Kun Wayn
authors: KW
authors: Lee
authors: Chang Il
authors: CI
authors: Cho
authors: Ju Hyun
authors: JH
authors: Jeon
authors: Kyung-Su
authors: KS
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D016207:Cytokines; C526140:GDF15 protein, human; C526141:Gdf15 protein, mouse; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D007213:Indomethacin