Meta-analysis of health behavior change interventions in type 1 diabetes.
OBJECTIVE
To meta-analyze research testing interventions to improve health behaviors including exercise among adults with type 1 diabetes.


METHODS
Multiple literature-searching strategies identified published and unpublished studies reporting glycated hemoglobin outcomes. Fixed- and random-effects meta-analyses included moderator effects.


RESULTS
Data were synthesized across 1435 subjects. The overall effect size was 0.26. This translates into a reduction of 0.33 in mean HbA1c levels between treatment (8.47%) and control (8.80%) groups. Effect sizes were larger with more females, lower body mass index, higher baseline HbA1c, and interventions targeting multiple behaviors.


CONCLUSIONS
Behavior change interventions improve metabolic control in type 1 diabetes.
Conn
Vicki S
VS
School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. conn@missouri.edu
Hafdahl
Adam R
AR
Lemaster
Joseph W
JW
Ruppar
Todd M
TM
Cochran
Jane E
JE
Nielsen
Paul J
PJ
D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000628:therapy; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D014481:United States