title: Fixing the photorefractive soliton.
abstract: We report the formation of permanent two-dimensional 12-microm waveguides in a bulk strontium barium niobate crystal. The waveguides are made by formation of a photorefractive spatial soliton in which the space-charge field induces ferroelectric domains that are permanently polarized opposite to the crystal c axis. The fixed waveguide propagates light with 80% efficiency. These results make possible the permanent recording of intricate optical circuitry in the volume of a bulk crystal.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Klotz
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Meng
authors: G J
authors: GJ
authors: Salamo
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Segev
authors: S R
authors: SR
authors: Montgomery