title: An event-specific analysis of condom breakage among African American men at risk of HIV acquisition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  African American men are at high risk of human immunodeficiency virus acquisition. Condom breakage is an understudied aspect of their sexual protective behavior. This study identified user errors leading to condom breakage using an event-specific analysis among young African American men newly diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease (STD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Recruitment occurred in a publicly funded STD clinic located in a metropolitan area of the Southern United States. Of 296 African American men screened as eligible, 271 (91.5%) agreed to participate. Men completed a self-administered questionnaire. Men reporting condom use with men were excluded from the analysis, leaving an analytic sample of 264 men. The recall period was for the last time men used condoms for penile-vaginal sex (within the past 3 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than one-fifth (21.2%) reported condom breakage. Each year of advancing age decreased the odds of breakage by 10% [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.81-0.99, P = 0.028]. Men who had used an oil-based lubricant were more than 3 times as likely to report breakage (AOR = 3.21, 95% CI = 1.48-7.00, P = 0.003) and those who completely unrolled the condom before putting it on were also about 3 times more likely to report breakage (AOR = 3.34, 95% CI = 1.76-6.50, P = 0.0001). The breakage rate for men indicating both errors, i.e., use of an oil-based lubricant and unrolling the condom before application, was 54.5% compared with 33.3% among those indicated either error, and 12.8% among those indicating neither error. Attributable risk for the 2 errors combined was 39%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Condom breakage among this sample of men at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection was common. This problem could be mitigated by counseling men to avoid the use of oil-based lubricants and by teaching them basic condom application skills.
authors: College of Public Health at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0003, USA. crosby@uky.edu
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Crosby
authors: Ralph J
authors: RJ
authors: Diclemente
authors: William L
authors: WL
authors: Yarber
authors: Gregory
authors: G
authors: Snow
authors: Adewale
authors: A
authors: Troutman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003268:Contraception Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious; D004868:Equipment Failure; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006266:Health Education; D020010:Heterosexuality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology