title: A double-blind placebo controlled trial of etanercept in patients with giant cell arteritis and corticosteroid side effects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Open label studies have suggested that tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists led to sustained improvement and corticosteroid sparing effect in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA). To confirm these observations, we conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial with etanercept in patients with biopsy-proven GCA with side effects secondary to corticosteroids.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomly assigned patients with GCA to receive etanercept (n = 8) or placebo (n = 9) over 1 year together with corticosteroids that were reduced according to a predefined schedule. The primary outcome was the ability to withdraw the corticosteroid therapy and control the disease activity at 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups, although patients in the etanercept group showed higher levels of basal glycaemia (p = 0.02) and a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (p = 0.01). After 12 months, 50% of the patients in the etanercept group and 22.2% in the placebo group were able to control the disease without corticosteroid therapy (p value not significant). Patients in the etanercept group had a significant lower dose of accumulated prednisone during the first year of treatment (p = 0.03). There were no differences in the number and type of adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The limited number of patients included in this study does not allow us to draw definitive conclusions. Etanercept therapy was well tolerated in this aged population. The therapeutic role of etanercept in patients with GCA should be evaluated in studies with a larger number of patients.
authors: Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
authors: V M
authors: VM
authors: Martínez-Taboada
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Rodríguez-Valverde
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Carreño
authors: J
authors: J
authors: López-Longo
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Figueroa
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Belzunegui
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: Mola
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Bonilla
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000068800:Etanercept; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D013700:Giant Cell Arteritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018401:Sample Size; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000068800:Etanercept; D008775:Methylprednisolone