Immune response to biologic scaffold materials.
Biologic scaffold materials composed of mammalian extracellular matrix are commonly used in regenerative medicine and in surgical procedures for the reconstruction of numerous tissue and organs. These biologic materials are typically allogeneic or xenogeneic in origin and are derived from tissues such as small intestine, urinary bladder, dermis, and pericardium. The innate and acquired host immune response to these biologic materials and the effect of the immune response upon downstream remodeling events has been largely unexplored. Variables that affect the host response include manufacturing processes, the rate of scaffold degradation, and the presence of cross species antigens. This manuscript provides an overview of studies that have evaluated the immune response to biologic scaffold materials and variables that affect this response.
Badylak
Stephen F
SF
McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States. badylaks@upmc.edu
Gilbert
Thomas W
TW
D000818:Animals; D015478:Antigens, Heterophile / Q000276:immunology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D013552:Swine; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000009:adverse effects; D014312:Trisaccharides / Q000276:immunology*
D015478:Antigens, Heterophile; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D014312:Trisaccharides; C076569:alpha-galactosyl epitope