Persistent low-frequency spontaneous discharge in A-fiber and C-fiber primary afferent neurons during an inflammatory pain condition.
BACKGROUND
Primary afferent nociceptor sensitization and its accompanying spontaneous discharge are believed to be the proximate cause of the spontaneous pain and hypersensitivity that follow an acute tissue injury. Evidence for this comes almost entirely from studies limited to the first few minutes to an hour or two after injury, when the inflammatory reaction to injury has just begun. However, there is evidence that inflammatory pain mechanisms differ from acute pain mechanisms and that the mechanisms that drive and modulate inflammatory pain may evolve over time.


METHODS
The authors surveyed spontaneous afferent discharge in rats with hind paw inflammation evoked by complete Freund adjuvant over the entire 14 days of the inflammatory pain condition, as determined in parallel experiments assessing allodynia and hyperalgesia.


RESULTS
Inflammation-evoked heat hyperalgesia, mechanoallodynia, and mechanohyperalgesia began within hours, persisted until at least day 7, and resolved by day 14. A large percentage (23%) of A fibers had spontaneous discharge 2 days after inflammation, but the incidence was much reduced (to 7-9%) by 7 and 14 days. At all times, the A-fiber discharge frequency was low (<3.0 Hz) or very low (<0.3 Hz). A large percentage (24%) of C fibers had spontaneous discharge 2 and 7 days after inflammation, but this also declined to near control levels by day 14; C-fiber discharge frequency was also always low (most at 0.3-1.0 Hz).


CONCLUSIONS
The pain, allodynia, and hyperalgesia associated with an established inflammatory condition are associated with a persistent low-frequency spontaneous discharge in both A-fiber and C-fiber sensory afferents.
Xiao
Wen-Hua
WH
Department of Anesthesia and Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. wenhua.xiao@mcgill.ca
Bennett
Gary J
GJ
D000200:Action Potentials; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000294:innervation; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000187:drug effects*; D036421:Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated / Q000187:drug effects*; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000187:drug effects*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant