Fixing the photorefractive soliton.
We report the formation of permanent two-dimensional 12-microm waveguides in a bulk strontium barium niobate crystal. The waveguides are made by formation of a photorefractive spatial soliton in which the space-charge field induces ferroelectric domains that are permanently polarized opposite to the crystal c axis. The fixed waveguide propagates light with 80% efficiency. These results make possible the permanent recording of intricate optical circuitry in the volume of a bulk crystal.
Klotz
M
M
Meng
H
H
Salamo
G J
GJ
Segev
M
M
Montgomery
S R
SR