title: Ultrasound lung comets for the differential diagnosis of acute cardiogenic dyspnoea: a comparison with natriuretic peptides.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute dyspnoea as a presenting symptom is a frequent diagnostic challenge for physicians. The main differential diagnosis is between dyspnoea of cardiac and non-cardiac origin. Natriuretic peptides have been shown to be useful in this setting. Ultrasound lung comets (ULCs) are a simple, echographic method which can be used to assess pulmonary congestion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the accuracy of ULCs for predicting dyspnoea of cardiac origin compared to natriuretic peptides.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 149 patients admitted with acute dyspnoea. Chest sonography and NT-proBNP assessments were performed a maximum of 4 h apart and independently analyzed. ULCs were evaluated via cardiac probes placed on the anterior and lateral chest. Two independent physicians, blinded to ULCs and NT-proBNP findings, reviewed all the medical records to establish the aetiologic diagnosis of dyspnoea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiogenic dyspnoea was confirmed in 122 patients and ruled-out in 27 patients. The number of ULCs was significantly correlated to NT-proBNP values (r=.69, p<.0001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis, showed an area under the curve of .893 for ULCs and .978 (p=.001) for NT-proBNP, in predicting the cardiac origin of dyspnoea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients admitted with acute dyspnoea, pulmonary congestion, sonographically imaged as ULCs, is significantly correlated to NT-proBNP values. The accuracy of ULCs in predicting the cardiac origin of dyspnoea is high.
authors: Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy. gargani@ifc.cnr.it
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Gargani
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Frassi
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Soldati
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Tesorio
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Gheorghiade
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Picano
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D012015:Reference Standards; D012107:Research Design; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain