title: Pyruvate reduces in vitro the embryotoxic effect of peritoneal fluid from infertile women with endometriosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain the embryotoxicity of peritoneal fluid from infertile women with endometriosis (PF-E), on mouse embryos in culture and to examine the effect of pyruvate in the culture medium on PF-E induced embryotoxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood-free peritoneal fluid samples were obtained during laparoscopic investigation for infertility from 21 infertile women with endometriosis. The severity of endometriosis ranged from minimal or mild (PF-min to mild-E; n=7), moderate (PF-mod-E; n=7), to severe (PF-sev-E; n=7). Peritoneal fluid samples were centrifuged at 600 x g for 10 min and 4 degrees C, and the supernatant was incubated at 56 degrees C for 30 min in a water bath to inactivate the complement protein. Mice were super ovulated with intraperitoneal injection (IP) of 5IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin and human chorion gonadotrophin. Twenty-four hours after confirmation of mating two-cell mouse embryos were obtained. They were then cultured in modified Whitten's medium (mWM) with peritoneal fluid from patients with endometriosis, and either in the absence or presence of excess pyruvate (0.062 mmol(-1)). Embryos were cultured for 72 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addition of 5% PF-E significantly (p<0.001) suppressed embryo growth at 24, 48, and 72 h of culture and the degree of suppression correlated with the severity of the disease. The presence of 0.062 mmol(-1) pyruvate in the culture medium significantly (p<0.001) reduced the embryotoxicity of PF-min to mild-E and PF-mod-E at each stage of development, but was only seen at 24h of culture (p<0.001) in cultures with PF-sev-E even when the concentration of pyruvate in the medium was increased to 0.31 mmol(-1). This study confirms the embryotoxicity of PF-E in vitro, which was reduced by the presence pyruvate in the culture medium, particularly in cultures containing fluid from women with endometriosis of minimum or mild to moderate severity.
authors: Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors: Liza
authors: L
authors: Noordin
authors: Gregory Tan Jin
authors: GT
authors: San
authors: Harbindar Jeet
authors: HJ
authors: Singh
authors: Mohd Shukri
authors: MS
authors: Othman
authors: Wan
authors: W
authors: Hafizah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001202:Ascitic Fluid; D003470:Culture Media; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects*; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D019289:Pyruvic Acid