title: Differences in susceptibility to German cockroach frass and its associated proteases in induced allergic inflammation in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cockroach exposure is a major risk factor for the development of asthma. Inhalation of fecal remnants (frass) is the likely sensitizing agent; however isolated frass has not been tested for its ability to induce experimental asthma in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice (Balb/c or C57Bl/6) were sensitized and challenged with GC frass or GC frass devoid of proteases and measurements of airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness were performed (interleukin (IL)-5, -13, and interferon gamma (IFNgamma) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum IgE levels, airway hyperresponsiveness, cellular infiltration, and mucin production).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitization and challenge of Balb/c mice with GC frass resulted in increased airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. C57Bl/6 mice were not susceptible to this model of sensitization; however they were sensitized to GC frass using a more aggressive sensitization and challenge protocol. In mice that were sensitized by inhalation, the active serine proteases in GC frass played a role in airway hyperresponsiveness as these mice had less airway hyperresponsiveness to acetylcholine and less mucin production. Proteases did not play a role in mediating the allergic inflammation in mice sensitized via intraperitoneal injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While both strains of mice were able to induce experimental asthma following GC frass sensitization and challenge, the active serine proteases in GC frass only play a role in airway hyperresponsiveness in Balb/c mice that were susceptible to sensitization via inhalation. The differences in the method of sensitization suggest genetic differences between strains of mice.
authors: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. kristen.page@cchmc.org
authors: Kristen
authors: K
authors: Page
authors: Kristin M
authors: KM
authors: Lierl
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Herman
authors: Marsha
authors: M
authors: Wills-Karp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D003058:Cockroaches; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D005243:Feces; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*