title: Resorbable fillers reduce stress risers from empty screw holes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Empty screw holes after hardware removal are stress risers that weaken bone and can lead to refracture in an active individual. We sought to reduce these stress risers. We hypothesize that resorbable screws used as hole fillers would (1) provide immediate strength and (2) maintain this strength during resorption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, prospective controlled animal laboratory study with 75 live New Zealand white rabbits' paired femurs. Single mid-diaphyseal holes were filled with a metal or resorbable screw; contralateral femurs were paired empty hole controls. Main outcome measurements included histologic analysis, torsion to failure, peak torque, energy to failure, and stiffness at baseline, 1 week, and 13 weeks postimplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At time baseline, resorbable fillers produced an immediate 30% increase in the peak torque (p = 0.01) and 73% increase in peak energy (p = 0.006). Metal screws produced a 17% increase in peak torque (p = 0.038), and a 58% increase in the amount of energy to failure (p = 0.009). At 1 week, although the resorbable (p = 0.01) but not the metal (p = 0.82) screws increased the peak torque, both metal (p = 0.003) and resorbable (p = 0.050) screws increased the peak energy compared with contralateral empty controls. At 13 weeks, metal and resorbable screw-filled bones were as strong as the healed contralateral femurs. Partial screw resorption and new bone formation without lysis was demonstrated histologically. Resorbable screw hole fillers immediately increase the strength of bones without weakening during early resorption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placing resorbable fillers in bone defects after hardware removal could reduce the likelihood of refracture.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors: J Winslow
authors: JW
authors: Alford
authors: Michael P
authors: MP
authors: Bradley
authors: Paul D
authors: PD
authors: Fadale
authors: Joseph J
authors: JJ
authors: Crisco
authors: Douglas C
authors: DC
authors: Moore
authors: Michael G
authors: MG
authors: Ehrlich
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001863:Bone Screws; D020878:Device Removal; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D019415:Torque