title: Knowledge of results and learning to tell the time in an adult male with an intellectual disability: a single-subject research design.
abstract: The present study investigated whether knowledge of results, in the form of visual and audible feedback, would increase the accuracy of time-telling in an individual with an intellectual disability. A 19-year-old male with mild intellectual disability participated in this A1-B1-A2-B2 single-subject study design. The task involved correctly identifying the time given on a computer. Data, based on the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, showed that the participant demonstrated a greater number of correct responses during the intervention phases. Incorporating knowledge of results into a learning strategy for this individual with intellectual disability resulted in an increased ability to accurately identify the correct time on an analogue clock. There is a need to replicate the study design to increase the external validity and generalization of results. The strategies described in the present study may also be useful for occupational therapists who teach individuals with intellectual disability to gain skills in their everyday activities of daily living (ADLs).
authors: Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. martin.rice@utoledo.edu
authors: Samantha L
authors: SL
authors: Applegate
authors: Martin S
authors: MS
authors: Rice
authors: Franklin
authors: F
authors: Stein
authors: Kinsuk K
authors: KK
authors: Maitra
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification; D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D007721:Knowledge of Results, Psychological; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012107:Research Design; D013998:Time Perception