title: Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis with vegetable oils as co-solvent.
abstract: Soybean oil and olive oil were investigated as continuous co-solvents for supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis. Without co-solvents, only 25.40+/-0.79% efficiency was achieved with SC-CO(2) extraction at 70 degrees C and 40 MPa at a continuous flow rate of 3 mL min(-1) for 5h. In the presence of soybean oil or olive oil as a co-solvent, the extraction efficiency was enhanced, with the most appropriate level of soybean oil in the solvent mixture being 10% by volume. At this concentration and the above extraction conditions, the highest extraction efficiency of 36.36+/-0.79% was obtained for soybean oil, a 30% increase in extraction efficiency compared with SC-CO(2) extraction without soybean oil, whereas the 10% olive oil increased the extraction efficiency further to 51.03+/-1.08%, which was comparable to that obtained using ethanol as co-solvent.
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors: Sontaya
authors: S
authors: Krichnavaruk
authors: Artiwan
authors: A
authors: Shotipruk
authors: Motonobu
authors: M
authors: Goto
authors: Prasert
authors: P
authors: Pavasant
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D003890:Desiccation; D007700:Kinetics; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D012997:Solvents; D013025:Glycine max; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D012997:Solvents; D024341:Xanthophylls; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C005948:astaxanthine