The APOE epsilon4 allele increases the risk of impaired spatial working memory in obstructive sleep apnea.
BACKGROUND
Contradictory data have been published on the influence of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aims of this study were to confirm the presence of specific neuropsychological changes in OSA patients carrying the APOE epsilon4 allele and to clarify if these changes are due to the sole presence of this allele or to its interactions with OSA pathology.


METHODS
The APOE genotype was examined in 123 patients with OSA and in 121 controls, together with a series of neuropsychological tests.


RESULTS
OSA and control subjects had similar APOE genotype and allele distribution, but when neuropsychological tests were considered, OSA patients showed significantly lower values for verbal long-term (delayed free recall at the Rey auditory-verbal learning test) and working memory (bisyllabic words). Moreover, spatial span was found to be lower in OSA epsilon4 allele carriers than in non-carriers; this difference was not observed in controls.


CONCLUSIONS
This study confirms the presence of a verbal memory impairment in OSA patients and provides evidence for a significant interaction of APOE epsilon4 allele and OSA on frontal lobe function in adults, possibly mediated by the presence of specific frontal lobe neuroanatomical changes in these patients.
Cosentino
Filomena I I
FI
Sleep Research Centre, Department of Neurology I.C., Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, Italy.
Bosco
Paolo
P
Drago
Valeria
V
Prestianni
Giuseppina
G
Lanuzza
Bartolo
B
Iero
Ivan
I
Tripodi
Mariangela
M
Spada
Rosario S
RS
Toscano
Giuseppe
G
Caraci
Filippo
F
Ferri
Raffaele
R
D000483:Alleles; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013028:Space Perception
D053327:Apolipoprotein E4