title: Psychometric properties of the Doloplus-2 observational pain assessment scale and comparison to self-assessment in hospitalized elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Self-report is the "gold standard" for pain assessment, however, observational pain scales, such as Doloplus-2 must be used for patients who cannot communicate. In this follow-up study, we report the psychometric properties of the observational Doloplus-2 scale using the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score as a gold standard and evaluate its performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical study of 180 hospitalized older patients who demonstrated good comprehension and reliable use of the VAS: 131 participants with dementia and 49 without. All participants assessed their chronic pain using the VAS. Doloplus-2 was independently completed by the nursing team.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of patients (133 women, 47 men) was 83.7+/-6.5. Median mini-mental state examination of patients with diagnosis of dementia was 18.0+/-7.7. Nearly half of the patients (49%) reported that they experienced pain in response to a direct question. The administration of Doloplus-2 was possible in all 180 patients. Doloplus-2 correlated moderately with self-assessment (Spearman coefficient: 0.46). In a multiple regression model, Doloplus-2 predicted 41% of the variability in pain intensity measured by VAS. The somatic dimension alone explained 36% of the variance, the psychosocial bloc 5% with no better contribution of the psychomotor bloc. To shorten Doloplus-2, we constructed a version with only the 5 items that were significantly associated with the VAS score in the multiple regression models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observational Doloplus-2 scale correlates moderately with self-assessment pain score and has adequate internal consistency. Our data also suggest that Doloplus-2 could be substantially shortened as the brief version performed similarly to the complete Doloplus-2.
authors: Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland. sophie.pautex@hcuge.ch
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Pautex
authors: François R
authors: FR
authors: Herrmann
authors: Agnès
authors: A
authors: Michon
authors: Panteleimon
authors: P
authors: Giannakopoulos
authors: Gabriel
authors: G
authors: Gold
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D012647:Self-Assessment