title: Eucapnic intermittent hypoxia augments endothelin-1 vasoconstriction in rats: role of PKCdelta.
abstract: We reported previously that simulating sleep apnea by exposing rats to eucapnic intermittent hypoxia (E-IH) causes endothelin-dependent hypertension and increases constrictor sensitivity to endothelin-1 (ET-1). In addition, augmented ET-1-induced constriction in small mesenteric arteries (sMA) is mediated by increased Ca(2+) sensitization independent of Rho-associated kinase. We hypothesized that exposing rats to E-IH augments ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction by increasing protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent Ca(2+) sensitization. In sMA, the nonselective PKC inhibitor GF-109203x (3 microM) significantly inhibited ET-1-stimulated constriction in E-IH arteries but did not affect ET-1-stimulated constriction in sham arteries. Phospholipase C inhibitor U-73122 (1 microM) also inhibited constriction by ET-1 in E-IH but not sham sMA. In contrast, the classical PKC (cPKC) inhibitor Gö-6976 (1 microM) had no effect on ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction in either group, but a PKCdelta-selective inhibitor (rottlerin, 3 microM) significantly decreased ET-1-mediated constriction in E-IH but not in sham sMA. ET-1 increased PKCdelta phosphorylation in E-IH but not sham sMA. In contrast, ET-1 constriction in thoracic aorta from both sham and E-IH rats was inhibited by Gö-6976 but not by rottlerin. These observations support our hypothesis that E-IH exposure significantly increases ET-1-mediated constriction of sMA through PKCdelta activation and modestly augments ET-1 contraction in thoracic aorta through activation of one or more cPKC isoforms. Therefore, upregulation of a PKC pathway may contribute to elevated ET-1-dependent vascular resistance in this model of hypertension.
authors: Deparment of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
authors: Kyan J
authors: KJ
authors: Allahdadi
authors: Laura C
authors: LC
authors: Duling
authors: Benjimen R
authors: BR
authors: Walker
authors: Nancy L
authors: NL
authors: Kanagy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000502:physiology*; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004075:Diglycerides; D019332:Endothelin-1; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D010738:Type C Phospholipases