Comparative sialomics between hard and soft ticks: implications for the evolution of blood-feeding behavior.
Ticks evolved various mechanisms to modulate their host's hemostatic and immune defenses. Differences in the anti-hemostatic repertoires suggest that hard and soft ticks evolved anti-hemostatic mechanisms independently, but raise questions on the conservation of salivary gland proteins in the ancestral tick lineage. To address this issue, the sialome (salivary gland secretory proteome) from the soft tick, Argas monolakensis, was determined by proteomic analysis and cDNA library construction of salivary glands from fed and unfed adult female ticks. The sialome is composed of approximately 130 secretory proteins of which the most abundant protein folds are the lipocalin, BTSP, BPTI and metalloprotease families which also comprise the most abundant proteins found in the salivary glands. Comparative analysis indicates that the major protein families are conserved in hard and soft ticks. Phylogenetic analysis shows, however, that most gene duplications are lineage specific, indicating that the protein families analyzed possibly evolved most of their functions after divergence of the two major tick families. In conclusion, the ancestral tick may have possessed a simple (few members for each family), but diverse (many different protein families) salivary gland protein domain repertoire.
Mans
Ben J
BJ
Laboratory for Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
Andersen
John F
JF
Francischetti
Ivo M B
IM
Valenzuela
Jesus G
JG
Schwan
Tom G
TG
Pham
Van M
VM
Garfield
Mark K
MK
Hammer
Carl H
CH
Ribeiro
José M C
JM
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D026864:Argas / Q000378:metabolism*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D046091:Charadriiformes / Q000469:parasitology; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D020440:Gene Duplication; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015723:Gene Library; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018163:Orbivirus; D010449:Peptide Mapping; D040901:Proteomics; D012088:Reoviridae Infections / Q000635:transmission; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D019699:Thrombospondins / Q000378:metabolism
D019699:Thrombospondins