title: Adipokines and cytokines in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several adipocytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess adipocytokines in NAFLD patients and controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 95 patients (26 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 19 simple steatosis (SS), 38 obese controls and 12 non-obese controls) were included. Fasting serum insulin, glucose, visfatin, resistin, adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-6 were determined. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare groups and determine associations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum TNF-alpha and IL-8 were higher in NAFLD patients when compared with both obese and non-obese controls. Analysis involving all patients revealed a significant correlation between serum TNF-alpha and IL-8 (P < 6.319e-08), and between IL-6 and IL-8 (P < 5.271e-15). Homeostatic model assessment scores negatively correlated with adiponectin in NAFLD (P < 0.0032). Serum visfatin was higher in all three obese groups than in non-obese controls (P < 0.02, P < 0.002 and P < 0.008). Visfatin in NASH patients was lower than SS and obese controls. Although TNF-alpha was associated with NAFLD (P < 0.02), it was interdependent on visfatin. In comparison to SS, four factors were independently associated with NASH: age, alanine aminotransferase, IL-8 and adiponectin (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that TNF-alpha was the only independent predictor of fibrosis in NASH (P < 0.0004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support a complex interaction between adipocytokines and the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
authors: Translational Research Institute, Inova Health System, Fairfax, VA, USA.
authors: M H
authors: MH
authors: Jarrar
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Baranova
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Collantes
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Ranard
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Stepanova
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Bennett
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Fang
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Elariny
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Goodman
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Chandhoke
authors: Z M
authors: ZM
authors: Younossi
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005215:Fasting; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D008099:Liver / Q000601:surgery; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D052243:Resistin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase