The utility of the K6/ODC transgenic mouse as an alternative short term dermal model for carcinogenicity testing of pharmaceuticals.
The use of transgenic rodents may overcome many limitations of traditional cancer studies. Regulatory perspectives continue to evolve as new models are developed and validated. The transgenic mouse, K6/ODC, develops epidermal tumors when exposed to genotoxic carcinogens. In this study, K6/ODC mice were evaluated for model fitness and health robustness in a 36-week study to determine oncogenic risk of residual DNA in vaccines from neoplastic cell substrates. K6/ODC and C57BL/6 mice were treated with T24-H-ras expression plasmid, carrier vector DNA, or saline topically or by subcutaneous injection. One group of K6/ODC mice received 7,12-dimethylbenz-[a]anthracene [DMBA] dermally. Only DMBA-treated mice developed papillomas by six weeks, increasing in incidence to 25 weeks. By week 11, many K6/ODC mice showed severe dehydration and dermal eczema. By week 32, (6/8) surviving K6/ODC mice showed loss of mobility and balance. Microscopic evaluation of tissues revealed dermal/sebaceous gland hyperplasia, follicular dystrophy, splenic atrophy, and amyloid deposition/neutrophilic infiltration within liver, heart, and spleen, in all K6/ODC mice. Pathology was not detected in C57BL/6 mice. Progressive adverse health, decreased survival, and failure to develop papillomas to the H-ras plasmid suggest that K6/ODC mice may be an inappropriate alternative model for detection of oncogenic DNA and pharmaceutical carcinogenicity testing.
Miller
T J
TJ
Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA. terry.miller@fda.hhs.gov
Honchel
R
R
Espandiari
P
P
Knapton
A
A
Zhang
J
J
Sistare
F D
FD
Hanig
J P
JP
D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D053553:Keratin-6 / Q000235:genetics*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics*; D009053:Sarcoma Viruses, Murine / Q000235:genetics; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D014162:Transfection
D002273:Carcinogens; D053553:Keratin-6; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase