title: Refractive enhancement following presbyopia-correcting intraocular lens implantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Presbyopia-correcting intraocular lenses are widely available. Residual ametropia is one of the most common issues that can result in patient dissatisfaction. Options for correcting refractive surprises include piggyback intraocular lens implantation, corneal incisional surgery and laser correction. Excimer laser surgery is a safe and predictable method to correct residual amounts of ametropia in pseudophakic patients with monofocal intraocular lenses; however, there is scant published literature regarding this technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Presbyopia-correcting intraocular lenses require emmetropia for the best visual outcome, as small amounts of astigmatism or residual refractive errors can limit their visual performance. Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy are safe and effective results in pseudophakic patients. Surgeons can refine the refractive outcome after intraocular lens implantation with the excimer laser to achieve better results and higher patient satisfaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excimer laser corneal surgery for fine-tuning residual ametropia after presbyopia-correcting intraocular lenses is a safe adjunct treatment to increase patient satisfaction. Which technique (photorefractive keratectomy or laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis) to use depends on surgeon preference and patient characteristics, as both demonstrate similar results in published literature. Knowledge of all available refractive methods and technologies are crucial for improving outcomes in these patients.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Illinois 060026, USA. mmacsai@enh.org
authors: Marian Sue
authors: MS
authors: Macsai
authors: Bruno Machado
authors: BM
authors: Fontes
mesh_terms: D001251:Astigmatism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002386:Cataract / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D054018:Lasers, Excimer; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D018903:Photorefractive Keratectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011305:Presbyopia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019591:Pseudophakia / Q000150:complications; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity