title: The first trimester human trophoblast cell line ACH-3P: a novel tool to study autocrine/paracrine regulatory loops of human trophoblast subpopulations--TNF-alpha stimulates MMP15 expression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The trophoblast compartment of the placenta comprises various subpopulations with distinct functions. They interact among each other by secreted signals thus forming autocrine or paracrine regulatory loops. We established a first trimester trophoblast cell line (ACH-3P) by fusion of primary human first trimester trophoblasts (week 12 of gestation) with a human choriocarcinoma cell line (AC1-1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of trophoblast markers (cytokeratin-7, integrins, matrix metalloproteinases), invasion abilities and transcriptome of ACH-3P closely resembled primary trophoblasts. Morphology, cytogenetics and doubling time was similar to the parental AC1-1 cells. The different subpopulations of trophoblasts e.g., villous and extravillous trophoblasts also exist in ACH-3P cells and can be immuno-separated by HLA-G surface expression. HLA-G positive ACH-3P display pseudopodia and a stronger expression of extravillous trophoblast markers. Higher expression of insulin-like growth factor II receptor and human chorionic gonadotropin represents the basis for the known autocrine stimulation of extravillous trophoblasts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that ACH-3P represent a tool to investigate interaction of syngeneic trophoblast subpopulations. These cells are particularly suited for studies into autocrine and paracrine regulation of various aspects of trophoblast function. As an example a novel effect of TNF-alpha on matrix metalloproteinase 15 in HLA-G positive ACH-3P and explants was found.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University Graz, Austria. ursula.hiden@klinikum-graz.at
authors: Ursula
authors: U
authors: Hiden
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Wadsack
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Prutsch
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Gauster
authors: Ursula
authors: U
authors: Weiss
authors: Hans-Georg
authors: HG
authors: Frank
authors: Ulrike
authors: U
authors: Schmitz
authors: Christa
authors: C
authors: Fast-Hirsch
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Hengstschläger
authors: Andy
authors: A
authors: Pötgens
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Rüben
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Knöfler
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Haslinger
authors: Berthold
authors: B
authors: Huppertz
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Bilban
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Kaufmann
authors: Gernot
authors: G
authors: Desoye
mesh_terms: D019898:Autocrine Communication; D002459:Cell Fusion; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002469:Cell Separation; D002822:Choriocarcinoma; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053517:Matrix Metalloproteinase 15 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D019899:Paracrine Communication; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D006680:HLA Antigens; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; C507098:MMP15 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D053517:Matrix Metalloproteinase 15