title: [18F]FBEM-Z(HER2:342)-Affibody molecule-a new molecular tracer for in vivo monitoring of HER2 expression by positron emission tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) receptors in cancers is correlated with a poor prognosis. If assessed in vivo, it could be used for selection of appropriate therapy for individual patients and for monitoring of the tumor response to targeted therapies. We have radiolabeled a HER2-binding Affibody molecule with fluorine-18 for in vivo monitoring of the HER2 expression by positron emission tomography (PET).
  
  
  METHODS
  The HER2-binding Z(HER2:342)-Cys Affibody molecule was conjugated with N-2-(4-[18F]fluorobenzamido)ethyl]maleimide ([18F]FBEM). The in vitro binding of the resulting radioconjugate was characterized by receptor saturation and competition assays. For in vivo studies, the radioconjugate was injected into the tail vein of mice bearing subcutaneous HER2-positive or HER2-negative tumors. Some of the mice were pre-treated with non-labeled Z(HER2:342)-Cys. The animals were sacrificed at different times post-injection, and the radioactivity in selected tissues was measured. PET images were obtained using an animal PET scanner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro experiments indicated specific, high-affinity binding to HER2. PET imaging revealed a high accumulation of the radioactivity in the tumor as early as 20 min after injection, with a plateau being reached after 60 min. These results were confirmed by biodistribution studies demonstrating that, as early as 1 h post-injection, the tumor to blood concentration ratio was 7.5 and increased to 27 at 4 h. Pre-saturation of the receptors with unlabeled Z(HER2:342)-Cys lowered the accumulation of radioactivity in HER2-positive tumors to the levels observed in HER2-negative ones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the [18F]FBEM-Z(HER2:342) radioconjugate can be used to assess HER2 expression in vivo.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm. 1B-37A, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kramer-Marek
authors.forename: Dale O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Kiesewetter
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martiniova
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jagoda
authors.forename: Sang Bong
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Capala
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008301:Maleimides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D015336:Molecular Probe Techniques; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D008301:Maleimides; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C512447:N-(2-(4-18F-fluorobenzamido)ethyl)maleimide; C515865:Z(HER2.4)2 affibody