title: Quantitative and qualitative elemental analysis of different nickel-titanium rotary instruments by using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.
abstract: This study was designed to determine if the alloy composition shares an influence with the geometric design on the physical behavior of nickel-titanium rotary endodontic instruments. ProTaper, HERO, and K3 files were selected. After sterilized and cleaning with alcohol, surface analysis was performed using energy dispersive spectroscopy. Measurements were performed on the active part and on the shank. SEM images of fractured instruments were also obtained and assessed. All three types of instruments were composed mainly of Nickel (54.3%, SD +/- 0.8) and Titanium (45.2%, SD +/- 0.9). SEM images revealed similar aspect with the presence of Kirkendall voids regularly distributed in the alloy. The results indicate that the difference in properties and behavior of these three endodontic rotary shaping instruments is solely related to the respective geometric characteristics of the instrument design.
authors.affiliation: Research Department, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon. ounsih@wise.net.lb
authors.forename: Hani F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Ounsi
authors.forename: Thakib
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Al-Shalan
authors.forename: Ziad
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Salameh
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grandini
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry*; D009905:Optical Rotatory Dispersion; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium