title: Bond strength of adhesive systems to dentin and enamel--human vs. bovine primary teeth in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study compared the bonding performance of four adhesive luting agents to dentin and enamel of human and bovine primary teeth, in order to evaluate the suitability of primary bovine hard tissues for replacement of those of human origin for bond testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  A composite (Clearfil AP-X) was bonded to specimens from 167 extracted human (n=88) and bovine (n=88) primary teeth using the following adhesive systems: Syntac Assortment (SY), Adaper Prompt L-Pop (PLP), iBond Gluma inside (IB) and Clearfil Protect Bond (PB). After 24h storage in distilled water, shear bond strength was determined according to ISO/TS 11405:2003. The data (n=11 per group) were statistically analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U-test and the error-rates method (ERM). The fracture modes were analyzed with the chi2-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bond strength data (ERM) and fracture modes (chi2-test) using human primary teeth were, in general, not statistically different from those of bovine origin. With few exceptions, pair wise comparisons showed the same results. The bond strength data for SY, PLP and PB bonded to primary human and bovine enamel were higher than those to primary human and bovine dentin, for IB vice versa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bovine teeth may be considered as a suitable alternative to human teeth in bond strength tests for primary dentition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Regensburg, Germany. Stephanie.Krifka@klinik.uni-regensburg.de <Stephanie.Krifka@klinik.uni-regensburg.de>
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krifka
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Börzsönyi
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Karl-Anton
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hiller
authors.forename: Gottfried
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmalz
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Friedl
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D023421:Models, Animal; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C112828:Clearfil AP-X; C503075:Clearfil Protect Bond; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; C408584:Prompt L-Pop; D019279:Resin Cements; C078484:Syntac dentine adhesive; C477386:iBond; D014867:Water