title: Cardiac cine MRI: comparison of 1.5 T, non-enhanced 3.0 T and blood pool enhanced 3.0 T imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac cine imaging using balanced steady state free precession sequences (bSSFP) suffers from artefacts at 3.0 T. We compared bSSFP cardiac cine imaging at 1.5 T with gradient echo imaging at 3.0 T with and without a blood pool contrast agent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients referred for cardiac cine imaging underwent imaging at 1.5 T and 3.0 T. At 3.0 T images were acquired before and after administration of 0.03 mmol/kg gadofosveset. Blood pool signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), temporal variations in SNR, ejection fraction and myocardial mass were compared. Subjective image quality was scored on a four-point scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood pool SNR increased with more than 75% at 3.0 T compared to 1.5 T (p<0.001); after contrast administration at 3.0 T SNR increased with 139% (p<0.001). However, variations in blood pool SNR at 3.0 T were nearly three times as high versus those at 1.5 T in the absence of contrast medium (p<0.001); after contrast administration this was reduced to approximately a factor 1.4 (p=0.21). Saturation artefacts led to significant overestimation of ejection fraction in the absence of contrast administration (1.5 T: 44.7+/-3.1 vs. 3.0 T: 50.7+/-4.2 [p=0.04] vs. 3.0 T post contrast: 43.4+/-2.9 [p=0.55]). Subjective image quality was highest for 1.5 T (2.8+/-0.3), and lowest for non-enhanced 3.0 T (1.7+/-0.6; p=0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GRE cardiac cine imaging at 3.0 T after injection of the blood pool agent gadofosveset leads to improved objective and subjective cardiac cine image quality at 3.0 T and to the same conclusions regarding cardiac ejection fraction compared to bSSFP imaging at 1.5 T.
authors.affiliation: Maastricht University Hospital, Department of Radiology, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gerretsen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Versluis
authors.forename: S C A M
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bekkers
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leiner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium; D006801:Humans; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D005682:Gadolinium; C109932:gadofosveset trisodium