title: Sacral neuromodulation: cost considerations and clinical benefits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the efficacy of sacral neuromodulation and compare voiding-related health care utilization costs before and after receiving an implant.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of patients receiving InterStim therapy (Medtronic Neurological, Minneapolis, Minn) was completed. Health care utilization was determined for the year before and the year after implantation, and included hospital and clinic visits, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and prescriptions. Utilization costs were derived from Medicare CPT coding and reimbursement data. Drug costs were derived from the actual pharmacy costs. Efficacy was assessed subjectively by patient-reported questionnaire and objectively by voiding diary, pad usage, and number of catheterizations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-five patients received InterStim therapy. Outpatient visits for urinary symptoms decreased in the 12 months after implantation with a mean decrease of 2.2 visits (P <0.0001). This resulted in a 73% reduction in average yearly office visit expenses from $994 to $265 per patient. After implant, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures performed decreased by 0.97 (P <0.0001). This translated into a decrease in the cost of therapeutic and diagnostic procedures from $733 to $59 per patient (P <0.0001). Drug costs were significantly decreased (P <0.02) from $693 to $483 per patient. These cost savings represent a 92% reduction in outpatient doctor visits and diagnostic and procedure costs along with and a 30% reduction in drug expenditures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After InterStim therapy, voiding-related health care costs are reduced. InterStim therapy is an effective treatment option with high patient satisfaction for medically refractory voiding dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles, California 90027, USA. sherif.r.aboseif@kp.org
authors.forename: Sherif R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Aboseif
authors.forename: Dennis H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jocelyn M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rieder
authors.forename: Eugene Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: Shawn A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Menefee
authors.forename: Julie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kaswick
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ree
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006296:Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*