title: Biomechanical comparison of fully and partially threaded screws for fixation of slipped capital femoral epiphysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous data have shown that an equal number of threads on each side of the physis maximizes stability for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) fixation. The purpose of the current study was to determine if a fully threaded cancellous screw provides greater stability compared with a partially threaded screw in a porcine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty skeletally immature porcine femurs were sectioned, and a 30-degree angular wedge was resected from the femoral neck to simulate SCFE. Femora were randomly assigned to partially threaded (16 mm) or fully threaded screw groups (n = 10/group). Kirschner wires were inserted in a retrograde fashion to stabilize the proximal fragment. Each 7.3-mm-diameter screw was placed using fluoroscopic guidance to obtain 3 threads crossing the physis. Specimens were fixed in custom fixation rigs, and the epiphyseal fragment was loaded at 0.5 mm/s in a posterior-inferior direction to simulate slip progression. Data for displacement (in millimeters) and force (in newtons) were collected for the entire test. Forces at 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm of fragment displacement were compared between groups using a 1-way analysis of variance (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increasing epiphyseal displacements were associated with incremental increases in loading. There were no significant differences between fully threaded or partially threaded screws for loads at each displacement. Each stepwise increase in displacement was associated with approximately 325 N of force.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no biomechanical benefit when using a fully threaded screw for stabilization of an in vitro SCFE model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there were no differences between screw types in an in vitro model, bone healing around the fully threaded screw may eventually provide greater stability. The use of fully threaded screw remains a reasonable option in the treatment of SCFE, and implant removal may be easier with such a system. Further studies are warranted to verify these 2 points.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Firoz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miyanji
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahar
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pring
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wenger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001863:Bone Screws; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004839:Epiphyses, Slipped / Q000601:surgery*; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000601:surgery*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D013552:Swine