title: Beat-to-beat variability of QT intervals is increased in patients with drug-induced long-QT syndrome: a case control pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Torsades de pointes arrhythmias (TdP) occur by definition in the setting of prolonged QT intervals. Animal models of drug induced Long-QT syndrome (dLQTS) have shown higher predictive value for proarrhythmia with beat-to-beat variability of repolarization duration (BVR) when compared with QT intervals. Here, we evaluate variability of QT intervals in patients with a history of drug-induced long QT syndrome (dLQTS) and TdP in absence of a mutation in any of the major LQTS genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients with documented TdP under drugs with QT-prolonging potential were compared with 20 matched control individuals. An observer blinded to diagnosis manually measured lead-II, RR, and QT intervals from 30 consecutive beats. BVR was determined from Poincaré plots of QT intervals as short-term variability (STV(QT) = Sigma|QT(n)(+1) - QT(n)|/[30 x radical2]). QRS interval and cycle length was comparable between study groups and controls. No difference was found in QTc between dLQTS and controls (428 +/- 25 vs. 421 +/- 34 ms, P = 0.26), whereas STV(QT) was significantly higher in dLQTS when compared with controls (8.1 +/- 3.7 vs. 3.6 +/- 1.3 ms, P = 0.001). Proarrhythmic predictive power of STV(QT) was superior to that of the QTc interval (AUC: 0.89 vs. 0.57, 95% CI: 0.79-0.99 vs. 0.39-0.75).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the absence of QTc prolongation, baseline STV(QT) characterized patients with documented drug-induced proarrhythmia. STV(QT) could prove to be a useful non-invasive, easily obtainable parameter aiding the identification of the patient at risk for potentially life threatening arrhythmia in the context of drugs with QT prolonging potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, D-81366 Munich, Germany. martin.hinterseer@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hinterseer
authors.forename: Morten B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: Britt-Maria
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Beckmann
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pfeufer
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schimpf
authors.forename: H-Erich
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Wichmann
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steinbeck
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaab
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016171:Torsades de Pointes / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology