title: Initial efficacy of MI, TTM tailoring and HRI's with multiple behaviors for employee health promotion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to compare the initial efficacy of Motivational Interviewing (MI), Online Transtheoretical Model (TTM)-tailored communications and a brief Health Risk Intervention (HRI) on four health risk factors (inactivity, BMI, stress and smoking) in a worksite sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized clinical trial assigned employees to one of three recruitment strategies and one of the three treatments. The treatment protocol included an HRI session for everyone and in addition either a recommended three TTM online sessions or three MI in person or telephone sessions over 6 months. At the initial post-treatment assessment at 6 months, groups were compared on the percentage who had progressed from at risk to taking effective action on each of the four risks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the HRI only group, the MI and TTM groups had significantly more participants in the Action stage for exercise and effective stress management and significantly fewer risk behaviors at 6 months. MI and TTM group outcomes were not different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This was the first study to demonstrate that MI and online TTM could produce significant multiple behavior changes. Future research will examine the long-term impacts of each treatment, their cost effectiveness, effects on productivity and quality of life and process variables mediating outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Research Center, 2 Chafee Road, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA. jop@uri.edu
authors.forename: James O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Prochaska
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Butterworth
authors.forename: Colleen A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Redding
authors.forename: Verna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Burden
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Perrin
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leo
authors.forename: Marna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flaherty-Robb
authors.forename: Janice M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Prochaska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D016272:Occupational Health; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome