title: Development of a leadership skills workshop in paediatric advanced resuscitation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Paediatric residency programs rarely prepare trainees to assume resuscitation team leadership roles despite the recognized need for these skills by specialty accreditation organizations. We conducted a needs-assessment survey of all residents in the McGill Pediatric Residency Program, which demonstrated that most residents had minimal or no experience at leading resuscitation events and felt unprepared to assume this role in the future.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We developed an educational intervention (workshop) and evaluated immediate and long term learning outcomes in order to determine whether residents could acquire and retain team leadership skills in pediatric advanced resuscitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen paediatric residents participated in a workshop that we developed to fulfill the learning needs highlighted with the needs assessment, as well as the Objectives of Training in Pediatrics from the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. It consisted of a plenary session followed by 2 simulated resuscitation scenarios. Team performance was evaluated by checklist. Residents were evaluated again 6 months later without prior interactive lecture. Learning was also assessed by self-reported retrospective pre/post questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Checklist score (assigning roles, limitations of team, communication, overall team atmosphere) expressed as % correct: initial workshop scenario 1 vs. scenario 2 (63 vs. 82 p < 0.05); 6-month scenario with prior workshop exposure vs. control (74 vs. 50 p < 0.01); initial workshop scenario 2 vs. 6-month scenario control (82 vs. 50 p < 0.001). Retrospective pre/post survey (5 point Likert scale) revealed self-reported learning in knowledge of tasks, impact and components of communication, avoidance of fixation errors and overall leadership performance (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Residents acquired resuscitation team leadership skills following an educational intervention as shown by both observational checklist scores and self-reported survey. The six-month follow-up evaluation demonstrated skill retention beyond the initial intervention. A control group suggested that these results were due to completion of the first workshop.
authors.affiliation: Alberta Children's Hospital, Canada. elaine.gilfoyle@calgaryhealthregion.ca
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gilfoyle
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gottesman
authors.forename: Saleem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Razack
mesh_terms: D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000193:education; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007857:Leadership; D017145:Models, Educational; D020380:Needs Assessment; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration; D016544:Patient Simulation; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011792:Quebec; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000193:education*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires