title: Factors influencing pregnancy outcome in women with type 2 versus type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare pregnancy outcome and factors related to adverse perinatal outcome in women with type 1 versus type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentre retrospective study. Some 404 women were studied, 257 with type 1 DM and 147 with type 2 DM. Main outcome measures were rates of prematurity, macrosomia, instrumental deliveries, congenital malformations, need for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and perinatal mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in pregnancy outcome between women with type 1 and type 2 DM, except for an increased rate of instrumental deliveries in women with type 1 DM. In these women, duration of diabetes was a significant predictor of caesarean delivery (OR =1.06 (1.01-1.12); p=0.02). Chronic hypertension was positively related to prematurity (p=0.02), and proved to be a significant predictor of birth weight lower than 2,500 g (OR =3.54 (1.4-12.49); p=0.043) and perinatal mortality (OR =10.6 (1.15-117.6); p=0.04). In women with type 2 DM, third trimester higher glycosylated haemoglobin was related to both prematurity (OR 4.9 (1.7-14.4; p=0.004) and low birth weight. Macrosomia was a significant risk factor for caesarean section. First trimester glycosylated haemoglobin was related to congenital malformations and proved to be a significant predictor of perinatal mortality (OR =2.4 (1.02-5.74); p=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Duration of DM and chronic hypertension were the most influential factors related to adverse perinatal outcomes in women with type 1 DM, and poor metabolic control and macrosomia in women with type 2 DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of the Canary Islands, Tenerife, Spain. ngonzalezg@sego.es
authors.forename: Nieves Luisa
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Gonzalez
authors.forename: Octavio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mozas
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melchor
authors.forename: Honorio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Armas
authors.forename: Jose Angel
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Garcia-Hernandez
authors.forename: Agueda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Marta Nieves
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Diaz-Gomez
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parache
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bartha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D054238:Perinatal Mortality; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000097:blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin