title: Adoptive passive transfer of rabbit beta1-adrenoceptor peptide immune cardiomyopathy into the Rag2-/- mouse: participation of the ER stress.
abstract: Auto-antibodies against the beta(1)-adrenoceptors are present in 30-40% of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Recently, a synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence of the second extracellular loop of the human beta(1)-adrenoceptor (beta(1)-EC(II)) has been shown to produce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, myocyte apoptosis and cardiomyopathy in immunized rabbits. To study the direct cardiac effects of anti-beta(1)-EC(II) antibody in intact animals and if they are mediated via beta(1)-adrenoceptor stimulation, we administered IgG purified from beta(1)-EC(II)-immunized rabbits to recombination activating gene 2 knock-out (Rag2(-/-)) mice every 2 weeks with and without metoprolol treatment. Serial echocardiography and cardiac catheterization showed that beta(1)-EC(II) IgG reduced cardiac systolic function after 3 months. This was associated with increase in heart weight, myocyte apoptosis, activation of caspase-3, -9 and -12, and increased ER stress as evidenced by upregulation of GRP78 and CHOP and cleavage of ATF6. The Rag2(-/-) mice also exhibited increased phosphorylation of CaMKII and p38 MAPK. Metoprolol administration, which attenuated the phosphorylation of CaMKII and p38 MAPK, reduced the ER stress, caspase activation and cell death. Finally, we employed the small-interfering RNA technology to reduce caspase-12 in cultured rat cardiomyocytes. This reduced not only the increase of cleaved caspase-12 but also of the number of myocyte apoptosis produced by beta(1)-EC(II) IgG. Thus, we conclude that ER stress plays an important role in cell death and cardiac dysfunction in beta(1)-EC(II) IgG cardiomyopathy, and the effects of beta(1)-EC(II) IgG are mediated via the beta(1)-adrenergic receptor.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
authors.forename: Jiahao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Weike
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Chikao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.forename: Raju
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vulapalli
authors.forename: Huanlei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Tingchung
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Virendra K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Shey-Shing
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Chang-Seng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D053454:Caspase 12 / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000172:deficiency*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; C000717248:Hspa5 protein, mouse; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010455:Peptides; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C499308:Rag2 protein, mouse; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D053454:Caspase 12; D008790:Metoprolol