title: A beta-catenin gradient links the clock and wavefront systems in mouse embryo segmentation.
abstract: Rhythmic production of vertebral precursors, the somites, causes bilateral columns of embryonic segments to form. This process involves a molecular oscillator--the segmentation clock--whose signal is translated into a spatial, periodic pattern by a complex signalling gradient system within the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). In mouse embryos, Wnt signalling has been implicated in both the clock and gradient mechanisms, but how the Wnt pathway can perform these two functions simultaneously remains unclear. Here, we use a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-based, real-time imaging system in mouse embryos to demonstrate that clock oscillations are independent of beta-catenin protein levels. In contrast, we show that the Wnt-signalling gradient is established through a nuclear beta-catenin protein gradient in the posterior PSM. This gradient of nuclear beta-catenin defines the size of the oscillatory field and controls key aspects of PSM maturation and segment formation, emphasizing the central role of Wnt signalling in this process.
authors.affiliation: Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aulehla
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wiegraebe
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baubet
authors.forename: Matthias B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Wahl
authors.forename: Chuxia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taketo
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewandoski
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pourquié
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000502:physiology*; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000502:physiology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009154:Mutation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D019170:Somites / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin