title: Feeding a diet containing a fructooligosaccharide mix can enhance Salmonella vaccine efficacy in mice.
abstract: Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are considered prebiotics because of their ability to promote growth of specific beneficial gut bacteria, such as bifidobacteria. Some studies reported potential immune-modulating properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of FOS:inulin mix on murine response to Salmonella vaccine and evaluate the relevance toward protection against Salmonella infection. Balb/c mice were fed a diet containing 5% FOS:inulin mix or a control diet 1 wk before oral immunization with a suboptimal dose of live attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine. Four weeks after vaccination, mice were infected with LD100 of virulent S. typhimurium. Specific blood Salmonella immunoglobulin G and fecal immunoglobulin A significantly increased in mice fed the diet containing prebiotics compared with control mice 4 wk postimmunization. Peritoneal macrophage phagocytic activity also significantly increased in FOS:inulin-fed mice at 1 wk postimmunization compared with control mice. No detectable effects were observed on the percentage of lymphoid cell subsets in the spleen. However, production of cytokines, interferon-gamma, interleukin-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, was numerically increased in spleen cell cultures stimulated with mitogens from FOS:inulin-fed mice 1 and 4 wk postimmunization. Salmonella translocation to lymphoid organs was not affected by feeding FOS:inulin. However, the improved response to Salmonella vaccine was concomitant with an increase in the survival rate of FOS:inulin-fed mice upon challenge with virulent Salmonella. No detectable effects were observed on the composition or the metabolic activity of the microbiota. Overall, the data suggest that a diet supplemented with FOS:inulin mix stimulates mucosal immunity and seems to improve efficacy of an oral vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Center, CH-1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland. jalil.benyacoub@rdls.nestle.com
authors.forename: Jalil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benyacoub
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rochat
authors.forename: Kim-Yen
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Saudan
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rochat
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Antille
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cherbut
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: von der Weid
authors.forename: Eduardo J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Schiffrin
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blum
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000378:metabolism; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007444:Inulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008665:Metalloporphyrins; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010586:Phagocytes; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D016207:Cytokines; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008665:Metalloporphyrins; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines; C116580:fructooligosaccharide; C446505:iron chlorin e(6); D007444:Inulin