title: [Ultrastructural and growth factor analysis of amniotic membrane preserved by different methods for ocular surgery].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the anatomical structure and the presence of growth factors and cytokines of amniotic membrane preserved in glycerol/MEM (1:1) or undiluted dimethyl sulfoxide through electron microscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Amniotic membrane preserved in glycerol/MEM (1:1) or undiluted dimethyl sulfoxide were processed for transmission and scanning electron microscopy. As control, freshly collected amniotic membrane was fixed and processed for electron microscopy. The cytokines and growth factors assessed were: TGF-beta (transforming growth factor beta); TGF-beta activ (activated transforming growth factor beta); EGF (epidermal growth factor); FGF-4 (fibroblast growth factor 4); bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor); IL-4 (interleukin 4); PGE2 (prostaglandin E2); IL-10 (interleukin 10); KGF (keratinocyte growth factor); HGF (hepatocyte growth factor).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amniotic membrane from the control group showed intact epithelium, with surface microvilli and junctional complexes between the cells and the basal membrane. Glycerol/MEM preserved amniotic membrane had similar aspect to the control, with higher epithelial cells. Those amniotic membranes preserved in dimethyl sulfoxide disclosed less intercellular junction and detachment of the epithelium from the basal membrane. The cytokines and growth factors did not disclose significant differences, except for FGF-4, bFGF, PGE2 and KGF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amniotic membrane preserved in glycerol/MEM showed a better tissue structure, with less detachment of the epithelium from the basal membrane, in comparison to undiluted dimethyl sulfoxide. The majority of the growth factors and cytokines were kept with both techniques of preservation.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Janethe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deolinda de Oliveira Pena
authors.forename: Gustavo Barreto de
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: José Alvaro Pereira
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Edna Freymuller
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Haapalainen
authors.forename: Ciro Massayuki
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Komagome
authors.forename: Namir Clementino
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Acácio Alves de
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Souza Lima Filho
authors.forename: Luiz Vicente
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Rizzo
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005990:Glycerol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D005990:Glycerol; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide
vernacular_title: Análise ultraestrutural e de fatores de crescimento de diferentes métodos de preservação da membrana amniótica utilizada em cirurgia ocular.