title: Special regulatory T-cell review: FOXP3 biochemistry in regulatory T cells--how diverse signals regulate suppression.
abstract: FOXP3 is an acetylated and phosphorylated protein active in human regulatory T cells and forms oligomers which then associate with an even larger molecular complex. FOXP3 actively regulates transcription by recruiting enzymatic co-repressors and/or co-activators. FOXP3 complex ensembles are dynamically regulated by physiological stimuli such as T-cell receptor, IL-2 and proinflammation cytokine signals. Understanding the post-translational modifications of FOXP3 regulated by diverse signals and the biochemistry and structural chemistry of enzymatic proteins in the FOXP3 complex is critical for therapeutically modulating regulatory T cell function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Mark I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Greene
mesh_terms: D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors