title: Production and characterization of a bioflocculant by Proteus mirabilis TJ-1.
abstract: A bioflocculant TJ-F1 with high flocculating activity, produced by strain TJ-1 from a mixed activated sludge, was investigated with regard to its production and characterization. By 16S rDNA sequence and biochemical and physiological characteristics, strain TJ-1 was identified as Proteus mirabilis. The most preferred carbon source, nitrogen source and C/N ratio (w/w) for strain TJ-1 to produce the bioflocculant were found to be glucose, peptone and 10, respectively. TJ-F1 production could be greatly stimulated by cations Ca(2+), Mg(2+) and Fe(3+). The optimal conditions for TJ-F1 production were inoculum size 2 per thousand (v/v), initial pH 7.0, culture temperature 25 degrees C, and shaking speed 130r/min, under which the flocculating activity of the bioflocculant reached 93.13%. About 1.33 g of the purified bioflocculant, whose molecular weight (MW) was 1.2 x 10(5) Da, could be recovered from 1.0 l of fermentation broth. Chemical analysis of bioflocculant TJ-F1 indicated that it contained protein (30.9%, w/w) and acid polysaccharide (63.1%, w/w), including neutral sugar, glucuronic acid and amino sugar as the principal constituents in the relative weight proportions of 8.2:5.3:1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the purified solid-state TJ-F1 showed that it had a crystal-linear structure. Spectroscopic analysis of the bioflocculant by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry indicated the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups preferred for the flocculation process.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Siqing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xuejiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Aming
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jianfu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jaffrezic-Renault
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media; D017931:DNA Primers; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D005427:Flocculation; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011513:Proteus mirabilis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D017931:DNA Primers; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen