title: Anaerobic co-digestion of aquatic flora and quinoa with manures from Bolivian Altiplano.
abstract: Quinoa stalk (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) from agricultural crop residue, totora (Schoenoplectus tatora) and o-macrophytes (aquatic flora) from Lake Titicaca (on the Bolivian Altiplano) were studied in a wet anaerobic co-digestion process together with manure from llama, cow and sheep. Anaerobic semi-continuous experiments were performed in (10) 2-l reactors at a temperature of 25 degrees C with 30 days of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and an organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.8 kg VS m(-3) d(-1). Totora was found to be the best co-substrate. In mixture ratios of 1:1 (VS basis), it increased the biogas productivity by 130% for llama manure, 60% for cow manure, and 40% for sheep manure. It was possible to use up to 58% (VS basis) of totora in the substrate. Higher concentrations (including pure totora) could not be digested, as that caused acidification problems similar to those caused by other lignocellulosic materials. When quinoa and o-macrophytes were used as co-substrates, the increase in biogas productivity was slightly less. However, these co-substrates did not cause any operational problems. An additional advantage of quinoa and o-macrophytes was that they could be used in any proportion (even in pure form) without causing any destabilization problems in the anaerobic digestion process.
authors.affiliation: IIDEPROQ, UMSA, Plaza del Obelisco 1175, La Paz, Bolivia. Rene.alvarez@iideproq.org
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lidén
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D019149:Bioreactors; D001838:Bolivia; D027465:Chenopodium quinoa / Q000378:metabolism*; D029785:Cyperaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D004736:Energy-Generating Resources; D008372:Manure; D008697:Methane / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D008697:Methane