title: Involvement of the Rho/Rho kinase signaling pathway in platelet-derived growth factor BB-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression in diabetic rat retina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the role played by the Rho/Rho kinase pathway in the platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB)-induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the diabetic rat retina.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were made diabetic by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Diabetic rats and PDGF-BB-exposed primary cultured porcine retinal pericyte cells (PRPCs) were treated with fluvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, and fasudil, a selective Rho kinase inhibitor. The retinal expression of VEGF was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The mRNA expression of VEGF and the activation of Rho A were studied by Northern and Western blot analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RT-PCR showed that in rats that were diabetic for 4 weeks VEGF mRNA expression levels were 1.8-fold those in control rats. This enhanced expression was blocked by treatment with fluvastatin or fasudil. Exposure of PRPCs to PDGF-BB increased their VEGF mRNA expression threefold, and fluvastatin suppressed this effect. Fluvastatin also suppressed the PDGF-BB-induced activation of Rho GTPase in PRPCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Rho/Rho kinase pathway may be involved in the upregulation of VEGF expression in the diabetic retina, suggesting that fasudil might be useful for the prevention of diabetic retinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. yokotat@jikei.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tamotsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Utsunomiya
authors.forename: Kanta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gojo
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurata
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tajima
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000077214:Becaplermin; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D020286:Pericytes / Q000187:drug effects; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000166:cytology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467498:vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat; D000077214:Becaplermin; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins; C049347:fasudil