title: Role of beta1-, beta2-, and beta3-adrenoceptors in contractile hypersensitivity in a model of small bowel transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic extrinsic denervation induced by small bowel transplantation (SBT) results in adrenergic hypersensitivity in rat ileum. This study evaluated the role of neuronal and/or muscular beta1-, beta2-, and beta3-adrenoceptor (AR) mechanisms on contractility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ileal longitudinal muscle strips from Lewis rats (n = 6 rats per group, 8 strips per rat): naïve controls (NC), 4 months after sham operation (SC) or after syngeneic orthotopic SBT were studied in vitro. Spontaneous contractile activity and dose responses (10(-8)-10(-4) mol) to isoprenaline (IP), a nonspecific beta-AR agonist were studied with or without selective antagonists (10(-5) mol), for beta1- (atenolol), beta2- (ICI 118551), or beta3- (SR 59230A) AR subtypes in the presence or absence of tetrodotoxin (TTX; 10(-6) mol; nerve blocker).
  
  
  RESULTS
  pEC50 (neg log of EC50, which is the concentration where 50% of inhibition was observed) of IP was 7.2 +/- 0.2 (mean value +/- SEM) in SBT vs 6.3 +/- 0.1 in SC and 6.3 +/- 0.2 in NC (both P < .05 vs SBT), reflecting adrenergic hypersensitivity. Beta1- and beta2-AR blockade induced a TTX-sensitive right shift of the curve only in SBT and normalized pEC50 values from 7.2 +/- 0.2 to 6.4 +/- 0.1 and 7.2 +/- 0.2 to 6.6 +/- 0.1, respectively (P < .05). Beta3-AR blockade shifted the curve independent of the presence of TTX to the right in all groups (all P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In rat ileum, adrenergic inhibition of contractility was dependent on muscular beta3-AR pathways, whereas posttransplant hypersensitivity was due to upregulated neuronal beta1- and beta2-AR mechanisms that were inactive before SBT.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit (Inselspital), University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rickenbacher
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seiler
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Honegger
authors.forename: Sidney G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Bruno M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Balsiger
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D007082:Ileum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000378:metabolism; D011184:Postoperative Period; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014185:Transplantation, Isogeneic
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D007545:Isoproterenol