title: A mathematical model of survival in a newly inserted ventricular shunt.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The object of this study was to mathematically model the prognosis of a newly inserted shunt in pediatric or adult patients with hydrocephalus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A structured search was performed of the English-language literature for case series reporting shunt failure, patient mortality, and shunt removal rates after shunt insertion. A metaanalytic model was constructed to pool data from multiple studies and to predict the outcome of a shunt after insertion. Separate models were used to predict shunt survival rates for children (patients < 17 years old) and adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Shunt survival rates in children and adults were calculated for 1 year (64.2 and 80.1%, respectively), 5 years (49.4 and 60.2%, respectively), and the median (4.9 and 7.3 years, respectively). The longer-term rates predicted by the model agree closely with those reported in the literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This model gives a comprehensive view of the fate of a shunt for hydrocephalus after insertion. The advantages of this model compared with Kaplan-Meier survival curves are discussed. The model used in this study may provide useful prognostic information and aid in the early evaluation of new shunt designs and techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106, USA. sherman.stein@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Sherman C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Wensheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008390:Markov Chains; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome