title: The zonal architecture of human articular cartilage described by T2 relaxation time in the presence of Gd-DTPA2-.
abstract: The depth-wise variation of T(2) relaxation time is known to reflect the collagen network architecture in cartilage, while the delayed Gadolinium Enhanced MRI of Cartilage (dGEMRIC) technique is sensitive to tissue proteoglycan (PG) concentration. As the cartilage PG content varies along the tissue depth, the depth-dependent accumulation of the contrast agent may affect the inherent T(2) of cartilage in a nonconstant manner. Therefore, T(2) and dGEMRIC are typically measured in separate MRI sessions. In the present in vitro MRI study at 9.4 T, depth-wise T(2) profiles and collagenous zone thicknesses as determined from T(2) maps in the absence and presence of Gd-DTPA(2-) (T(2) and T(2Gd), respectively) were compared in samples of intact human articular cartilage (n=65). These T(2) measures were further correlated with birefringence (BF) of polarized light microscopy (PLM) to quantify the ability of MRI to predict the properties of the collagen fibril network. The reproducibility of the T(2) measurement in the current setup was also studied. Typical tri-laminar collagen network architecture was observed both with and without Gd-DTPA(2-). The inverse of BF (1/BF) correlated significantly with both T(2) and T(2Gd) (r=0.91, slope=0.56 and r=0.90, slope=0.63), respectively. The statistically significant linear correlations between zone thicknesses as determined from T(2) and T(2Gd) were r=0.55 (slope=0.49), r=0.74 (slope=0.71) and r=0.95 (slope=0.94) for superficial, middle and deep tissue zones, respectively. Reproducibility of the T(2) measurement was worst for superficial cartilage. Consistent with PLM, T(2) and T(2Gd) measurements reveal highly similar depth-dependent information on collagen network in intact human cartilage. Thus, dGEMRIC and T(2) measurements in one MRI session are feasible for intact articular cartilage in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland. jatta.kurkijarvi@uku.fi
authors.forename: Jatta E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kurkijärvi
authors.forename: Mikko J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nissi
authors.forename: Jarno
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rieppo
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Töyräs
authors.forename: Ilkka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kiviranta
authors.forename: Miika T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: Jukka S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jurvelin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA