title: Comparison of the removal efficiency of endocrine disrupting compounds in pilot scale sewage treatment processes.
abstract: The removal efficiency of endocrine disrupting compounds from effluents using pilot scale sewage treatment processes, including various treatment technologies, such as membrane bioreactors (MBR), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) for the purpose of water reuse, were estimated and compared. The calculated estrogenic activity, expressed in ng-EEQ/l, based on the concentration detected by GC/MS, and relative potencies for each target compound were compared to those measured using the E-screen assay. The removal efficiencies for nonylphenol, was within the range of 55-83% in effluents. High removal efficiencies of approximately >70% based on the detection limits were obtained for bisphenol A, E1, EE2 and genistein with each treatment processes, with the exception of E1 ( approximately 64%) using the MBR process. The measured EEQ values for the effluents from the MBR, NF and RO processes also indicated low estrogenic activities of 0.65, 0.23 and 0.05 ng-EEQ/l, respectively. These were markedly reduced values compared with the value of 1.2 ng-EEQ/l in influent. Consequently, the removals of EDCs in terms of the EEQ value from the biological and chemical determinations were sufficiently achieved by the treatment process applied in this study, especially in the cases of the NF and RO treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jiho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Byoung C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ra
authors.forename: Jaeweon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: In S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Nam I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hyun K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D012722:Sewage