title: Lifestyle at 3 years of age and quality of life (QOL) in first-year junior high school students in Japan: results of the Toyama Birth Cohort Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether some effects of childhood lifestyles at 3 years of age are associated with quality of life (QOL) in first-year junior high school students (JHSS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Lifestyles including sleep, physical activity and dietary habits of 9,674 3-year-old children were obtained by questionnaire between 1992 and 1994. Assessments were undertaken with the Dartmouth Primary Care Co-operative Project charts in 9,574 first-year JHSS in 2002. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between lifestyle in early childhood and QOL in first-year JHSS for the follow-up subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for demographic and familial factors at baseline, the results showed that later bedtime [odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, P = 0.043], later waking time (OR = 1.19, P = 0.039), short sleep duration (OR = 1.15, P = 0.061), physical inactivity (OR = 1.48, P = 0.022), skipping breakfast (OR = 1.56, P = 0.003), irregular snacks (OR = 1.43, P < 0.001), and frequent instant noodle consumption (OR = 1.49, P = 0.007) in early childhood increased the risk of poor QOL in first-year JHSS. The relationships were reinforced by a significant linear trend for almost all factors considered at baseline to QOL in first-year JHSS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early childhood lifestyle factors, especially dietary habits, at 3 years of age have significant effects on QOL in first-year JHSS. This suggests that interventions as early as 3 years of age should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Welfare Promotion and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama City, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. wanghb@med.u-toyama.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hongbing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Michikazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamagami
authors.forename: Sadanobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kagamimori
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005190:Family; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015438:Health Behavior; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D011788:Quality of Life; D013334:Students