title: Safety in home care: a broadened perspective of patient safety.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Home care is the most rapidly growing segment of the Canadian healthcare system. Overwhelmingly, research on patient safety has been conducted within institutional settings, resulting in a significant knowledge gap about safety in homecare. Given the dramatic increase in the amount, acuity and complexity of health care being provided in the home and community, it is essential to develop our understanding of safety in this sector.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this paper is to describe the landscape of safety in home care in Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  This pan-Canadian initiative included three phases: a literature review, 20 key informant interviews and an invitational roundtable. Data were synthesized using a content analysis approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient safety is a failure of systems rather than of humans; there are many change processes required to create safe environments; organizational culture and workplace factors are critical. Patients have a key role to play in their care and thus must be part of the patient safety discourse. Themes central to safety in home care are: the inextricably linked relationships and communication among clients/families and caregivers/providers; unregulated and uncontrolled settings, autonomy and isolation; the multidimensionality of safety (physical, emotional, social, functional); a diminishing focus on prevention, health promotion and chronic care; challenges of human resources and maintenance of competence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addressing safety in home care and mitigating the risks presents unique challenges and requires a major rethink of underlying institutionally oriented assumptions and guiding frameworks.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. ariella.lang@sympatico.ca
authors.forename: Ariella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fleiszer
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D004777:Environment; D058016:Health Facility Administration; D018574:Home Care Agencies / Q000458:organization & administration; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D015279:Organizational Culture; D012449:Safety; D017751:Safety Management / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological