title: Closing gaps in the human genome with fosmid resources generated from multiple individuals.
abstract: The human genome sequence has been finished to very high standards; however, more than 340 gaps remained when the finished genome was published by the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium in 2004. Using fosmid resources generated from multiple individuals, we targeted gaps in the euchromatic part of the human genome. Here we report 2,488,842 bp of previously unknown euchromatic sequence, 363,114 bp of which close 26 of 250 euchromatic gaps, or 10%, including two remaining euchromatic gaps on chromosome 19. Eight (30.7%) of the closed gaps were found to be polymorphic. These sequences allow complete annotation of several human genes as well as the assignment of mRNAs. The gap sequences are 2.3-fold enriched in segmentally duplicated sequences compared to the whole genome. Our analysis confirms that not all gaps within 'finished' genomes are recalcitrant to subcloning and suggests that the paired-end-sequenced fosmid libraries could prove to be a rich resource for completion of the human euchromatic genome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bovee
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haugen
authors.forename: Zaining
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hillary S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Hayden
authors.forename: Will
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gillett
authors.forename: Eray
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tuzun
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sampas
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Phelps
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: V Anne
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sprague
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jewett
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: Sandhya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subramaniam
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Maynard V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Evan E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Eichler
authors.forename: Rajinder
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaul
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002888:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D022041:Euchromatin; D015723:Gene Library; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D015894:Genome, Human; D016045:Human Genome Project; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D022041:Euchromatin