title: L-glutamic acid in the prevention of the calcification of bovine pericardial fixed in glutaraldehyde: study in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficiency of L-glutamic acid to prevent calcification of glutaraldehyde bovine pericardium implanted in rats' subcutaneous tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty four Wistar rats were divided in six groups according to the type of the bovine pericardium implanted. At first, all pericardia were initially cross-linked with 0.5% glutaraldehyd (GDA) fixative for 72 h. In Group I, after the initial fixation, the pericardia were preserved in 0.2% GDA fixative until the implantation, whereas in Group II they were stocked in Paraben solution. In Groups III and IV, after the initial fixation in 0.5% GDA fixative, the pericardia were treated with 8% L-glutamic acid at pH 7.4 and 3.5, respectively, being subsequently stocked in Paraben solution. Groups V and VI were similar to III and IV, except for the concentration of L-Glutamic acid which was 0.8%. Explantation was done at 15, 30, and 60 days, and the specimens submitted to histological analysis with Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Von Kossa stains, besides calcium quantification with atomic spectrofotometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microscopic analysis demonstrated severe and progressive calcification in groups I, II, and III, whereas in groups IV, V, and VI calcification, when present, was mild and focal. Spectrofotomety confirmed these findings, revealing calcium contents of 1.93 microg/mg of tissue at 60 days in the control group. Groups IV and VI showed the least calcium contents (0.063 e 0.066, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of L-glutamic acid in segments of bovine pericardium with glutaraldehyde fixative was effective in preventing the calcification when implanted in rats' subcutaneous up to 60 days.
authors.affiliation: Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. addumsch@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Andrea Dumsch de Aragon
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Francisco Diniz Affonso da
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Eduardo Antonio Andrade dos
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Evandro Antonio
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sardeto
authors.forename: Carlos Henrique Gori
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Claudinei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Collatusso
authors.forename: Sérgio Augusto Veiga
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perruzzo
authors.forename: Iseu de Santo Elias Affonso da
authors.initials: Ide S
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D005404:Fixatives; D005976:Glutaral; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D010496:Pericardium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000637:transplantation; D011099:Polyglutamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000637:transplantation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005404:Fixatives; D011099:Polyglutamic Acid; D002118:Calcium; D005976:Glutaral