title: Effects of cooling and clothing on vertical trajectories of the upper arm and muscle functions during repetitive light work.
abstract: The present study was designed to find out if cooling and/or clothing affect the vertical trajectories and muscle function of the upper arm during repetitive light work. Twelve female subjects performed a one-handed lifting task for 60 min while standing in front of a table with six target angles (30 degrees to 220 degrees ). The experiment was carried out in a climatic chamber in three different conditions: at 10 degrees C (C), at 25 degrees C (TN), and at 10 degrees C dressed in cold-protective clothing (C(p)). Skin and rectal temperatures were measured continuously. The vertical trajectories of the head, shoulder, elbow, and wrist on the right side of the body were recorded. Muscular strain (averaged EMG, a-EMG) and EMG gaps in eight muscles on the right upper arm were measured. The variation of the vertical trajectory amplitude of the upper arm measured from the elbow was significantly higher (at 200 degrees ) both at C and C(p) (50 and 25% respectively) and in shoulder (at 220 degrees angle) at C (33%) compared with TN (P < 0.05). Both C and C(p) increased a-EMG and reduced the number and duration of EMG gaps significantly in all muscles studied. In conclusion, in repetitive tasks the high mean vertical trajectory and changes in the amplitude of the trajectory of the upper arm at C and C(p) compared with TN were associated with increased muscular strain and reduced number of EMG gaps (more continuous activation of given muscle fibers). The changes in trajectories may serve as indicator of a risk for local muscle fatigue.
authors.affiliation: Human Work Sciences Department, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden. hugo.piedrahita@ltu.se
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Piedrahita
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oksa
authors.forename: Christer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Malm
authors.forename: Erja
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sormunen
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rintamäki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D003020:Clothing; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D013697:Thermosensing / Q000502:physiology