title: [Somatic therapies for treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper reviews the current knowledge of somatic treatment in psychiatry, with a focus on treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  A computerized search of the literature was conducted on Medline using the words "electroconvulsive therapy", "transcranial magnetic stimulation", "vagus nerve stimulation", "deep brain stimulation" and "magnetic seizure therapy". References from each paper were also screened.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The development of new non-pharmacological psychiatric interventions in the past decades has renewed the clinical and research interest in somatic therapies. Although electroconvulsive therapy remains the only somatic treatment with undisputed efficacy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, magnetic seizure therapy, vagus nerve stimulation and deep brain stimulation all offer potential as novel means of psychiatric treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New treatment modalities still have an insufficient body of data. Notwithstanding, biological strategies continue to hold promise as a safer and more effective approach to psychiatric treatment.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psiquiatria, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York 11004, USA.
authors.forename: Raphael J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petrides
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000628:therapy; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; D014630:Vagus Nerve
vernacular_title: Terapias somáticas para transtornos psiquiátricos resistentes ao tratamento.