title: Sequential roles for myosin-X in BMP6-dependent filopodial extension, migration, and activation of BMP receptors.
abstract: Endothelial cell migration is an important step during angiogenesis, and its dysregulation contributes to aberrant neovascularization. The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are potent stimulators of cell migration and angiogenesis. Using microarray analyses, we find that myosin-X (Myo10) is a BMP target gene. In endothelial cells, BMP6-induced Myo10 localizes in filopodia, and BMP-dependent filopodial assembly decreases when Myo10 expression is reduced. Likewise, cellular alignment and directional migration induced by BMP6 are Myo10 dependent. Surprisingly, we find that Myo10 and BMP6 receptor ALK6 colocalize in a BMP6-dependent fashion. ALK6 translocates into filopodia after BMP6 stimulation, and both ALK6 and Myo10 possess intrafilopodial motility. Additionally, Myo10 is required for BMP6-dependent Smad activation, indicating that in addition to its function in filopodial assembly, Myo10 also participates in a requisite amplification loop for BMP signaling. Our data indicate that Myo10 is required to guide endothelial migration toward BMP6 gradients via the regulation of filopodial function and amplification of BMP signals.
authors.affiliation: Carolina Cardiovascular Biology Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Xinchun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pi
authors.forename: Rongqin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Chunlian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: Aparna B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Bohil
authors.forename: Melinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Divito
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Cheney
authors.forename: Cam
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Patterson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055418:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6; D052004:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism*; D052005:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D009218:Myosins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D011554:Pseudopodia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C525817:Bmp6 protein, mouse; D055418:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; C409064:Myo10 protein, mouse; D051785:Smad Proteins; C498215:Bmpr1b protein, mouse; D052004:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors; D052005:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I; D009218:Myosins