title: BMS-214662 potently induces apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia stem and progenitor cells and synergizes with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
abstract: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a hematopoietic stem-cell disorder, cannot be eradicated by conventional chemotherapy or the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate (IM). To target CML stem/progenitor cells, we investigated BMS-214662, a cytotoxic farnesyltransferase inhibitor, previously reported to kill nonproliferating tumor cells. IM or dasatinib alone reversibly arrested proliferation of CML stem/progenitor cells without inducing apoptosis. In contrast, BMS-214662, alone or in combination with IM or dasatinib, potently induced apoptosis of both proliferating and quiescent CML stem/progenitor cells with less than 1% recovery of Philadelphia-positive long-term culture-initiating cells. Normal stem/progenitor cells were relatively spared by BMS-214662, suggesting selectivity for leukemic stem/progenitor cells. The ability to induce selective apoptosis of leukemic stem/progenitor cells was unique to BMS-214662 and not seen with a structurally similar agent BMS-225975. BMS-214662 was cytotoxic against CML blast crisis stem/progenitor cells, particularly in combination with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and equally effective in cell lines harboring wild-type vs mutant BCR-ABL, including the T315I mutation. This is the first report of an agent with activity in resistant and blast crisis CML that selectively kills CML stem/progenitor cells through apoptosis and offers potential for eradication of chronic phase CML.
authors.affiliation: Section of Experimental Haematology and Haemopoietic Stem Cells, Division of Cancer Sciences and Molecular Pathology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mhairi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Copland
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pellicano
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Richmond
authors.forename: Elaine K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Francis Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weinmann
authors.forename: Tessa L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Holyoake
mesh_terms: D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001549:Benzamides; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001752:Blast Crisis / Q000473:pathology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D000069439:Dasatinib; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004357:Drug Synergism; D051231:Farnesyltranstransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D010677:Philadelphia Chromosome; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D007093:Imidazoles; D010879:Piperazines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D013844:Thiazoles; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D051231:Farnesyltranstransferase; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl; D053148:Caspase 3; C415151:7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine; D000069439:Dasatinib