title: Normative pediatric visual acuity using single surrounded HOTV optotypes on the Electronic Visual Acuity Tester following the Amblyopia Treatment Study protocol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide normative pediatric visual acuity data using HOTV optotypes presented on the Electronic Visual Acuity Tester following the Amblyopia Treatment Study (ATS) protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monocular testing was conducted on 384 healthy full-term children ranging from 3 to 10 years of age (mean, 5.4 years; SD, 1.8 years). A total of 373 children completed monocular testing of each eye. In addition, 23 adults (mean, 28.7 years; SD, 4.9 years) were tested for comparison. Both monocular visual acuity and interocular acuity differences were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean visual acuity improved by slightly more than one line (0.12 logMAR) from 3 years of age to adulthood, increasing from 0.08 logMAR to -0.04 logMAR (F(6,400) = 26.3, p < 2.0 x 10(-26)). At all ages, mean interocular acuity difference was less than one line on a standard acuity chart (overall mean difference = 0.04 logMAR; SD, 0.06 logMAR).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results represent the first normative data reported for HOTV optotypes using the ATS protocol on the Electronic Visual Acuity Tester. These data may play an important role in clinical practice, screening, and clinical research.
authors.affiliation: Retina Foundation of Southwest, Dallas, Texas 75231, USA. jdrover@retinafoundation.org
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Drover
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Felius
authors.forename: Christina S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Morale
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wyatt
authors.forename: Eileen E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Birch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D044383:Black People; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004581:Electronics; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D013781:Texas; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015349:Vision, Monocular / Q000502:physiology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American