title: Large-scale transposon mutagenesis of Photobacterium profundum SS9 reveals new genetic loci important for growth at low temperature and high pressure.
abstract: Microorganisms adapted to piezopsychrophilic growth dominate the majority of the biosphere that is at relatively constant low temperatures and high pressures, but the genetic bases for the adaptations are largely unknown. Here we report the use of transposon mutagenesis with the deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium profundum strain SS9 to isolate dozens of mutant strains whose growth is impaired at low temperature and/or whose growth is altered as a function of hydrostatic pressure. In many cases the gene mutation-growth phenotype relationship was verified by complementation analysis. The largest fraction of loci associated with temperature sensitivity were involved in the biosynthesis of the cell envelope, in particular the biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharide. The largest fraction of loci associated with pressure sensitivity were involved in chromosomal structure and function. Genes for ribosome assembly and function were found to be important for both low-temperature and high-pressure growth. Likewise, both adaptation to temperature and adaptation to pressure were affected by mutations in a number of sensory and regulatory loci, suggesting the importance of signal transduction mechanisms in adaptation to either physical parameter. These analyses were the first global analyses of genes conditionally required for low-temperature or high-pressure growth in a deep-sea microorganism.
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, USA.
authors.forename: Federico M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Lauro
authors.forename: Khiem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vezzi
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vitulo
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.forename: Douglas H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Bartlett
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D001274:Atmospheric Pressure; D001692:Biological Transport; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D003080:Cold Temperature; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010776:Photobacterium / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018626:Retroelements / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D018626:Retroelements