title: [Interactions between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and insulin resistance].
abstract: Previous studies have shown Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. However, controversies remain as to whether these changes are consequences of the associated obesity or OSA itself results in endocrine and metabolic changes, including impairment of insulin sensitivity, growth hormone, secretion inflammatory cytokines alterations, activation of peripheral sympathetic activity, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, that may predispose to vascular disease. Furthermore many cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, are strongly associated with OSA. In this article, we will review the evidence and discuss possible mechanisms underlying these links and the pathophysiology of OSA morbidities.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Clínica Médica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo.
authors.forename: Gláucia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.forename: Fernando Flexa
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Ribeiro Filho
authors.forename: Sônia Maria
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Togeiro
authors.forename: Sérgio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Zanella
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
vernacular_title: Interações entre síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono e resistência à insulina.