title: Inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor hydroxylases protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: Acute renal failure resulting from hypoperfusion and hypoxia is a significant clinical problem. Hypoxia activates the heterodimeric transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), leading to changes in gene expression that promote tissue adaptation and survival. To determine whether HIF may protect the kidney from ischemia-reperfusion injury, we subjected hif1a(+/-) and hif2a(+/-) mice to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Injury was substantially more severe in hif(+/-) than in littermate controls, consistent with a protective role for HIF. Because wild-type mice exhibited submaximal HIF accumulation in response to no-flow ischemia, we tested compounds that might augment the protective HIF response following ischemia-reperfusion in these animals. We found that l-mimosine and dimethyloxalylglycine, two small molecules that activate HIF by inhibiting HIF hydroxylases, protected mouse kidneys from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, pharmacological activation of HIF may offer an effective strategy to protect the kidney from ischemic injury.
authors.affiliation: Renal Section, Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Deepa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Maxine G B
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aragones
authors.forename: H Terence
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carmeliet
authors.forename: Patrick H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Maxwell
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008898:Mimosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D008898:Mimosine; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases