title: Metabolic effects of amoebic gill disease (AGD) and chloramine-T exposure in seawater-acclimated Atlantic salmon Salmo salar.
abstract: Our aim was to determine possible metabolic effects amoebic gill disease (AGD) on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Standard (R(S)) and routine (R(ROU)) metabolic rates were evaluated by continually measuring oxygen consumption in 2 independent tanks of fish (18.69 +/- 1.01 kg m(-3), mean +/- SE). Active metabolic rate (R(ACT)) and metabolic scope (R(ACT) - R(S)) were assessed using a chasing protocol and determined at 3 time periods: (1) pre-infection, (2) 3 d post-infection, and (3) 2 d post-treatment. On Day 3 of the study, the fish were infected with amoebae isolated from the gills of AGD-affected salmon (2300 cells l(-1)). No significant elevations in R(ACT) or metabolic scope were detected 3 d post-infection and 2 d post-treatment; however, significant elevations in R(S) and R(ROU) were detected 3 d post-infection and 2 d post-treatment. Assessment of R(ROU) data, especially for the light period, also indicated a rise in oxygen consumption rate over the course of the experiment. Treatment of AGD-affected Atlantic salmon with chloramine-T (CL-T) appeared to briefly mitigate the rise in R(S), as there was a 30% drop (though non-significant) in R(S) following treatment. Despite this, R(S) continued the upward trend 1 d following treatment. These results suggest that over the course of AGD development, R(S) in Atlantic salmon increases. Therefore, considering the physical conditions which constrain R(ACT), we expect that metabolic scope would become compromised in fish more heavily affected with AGD. Treatment with CL-T shows promise for mitigating the respiratory effects of AGD and potentially minimising the loss of metabolic scope.
authors.affiliation: School of Aquaculture, Tasmanian Aquaculture Fisheries Institute, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Leef
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Powell
mesh_terms: D000562:Amebiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000656:Amoeba / Q000254:growth & development*; D000818:Animals; D002700:Chloramines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology*; D005880:Gills / Q000469:parasitology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020317:Salmo salar; D014105:Tosyl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D002700:Chloramines; D004202:Disinfectants; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; C016300:chloramine-T