title: A controlled study of the time-course of breath alcohol concentration after moderate ingestion of ethanol following a social drinking session.
abstract: This paper evaluates the breath alcohol concentration (BrAC), nausea (feeling of being slightly intoxicated) and subjective driving performance after ingesting a moderate dose of alcohol in the presence of a light meal, which intends to approach a social drinking setting. 119 healthy individuals (69 males and 50 females, aged 21.7+/-3.0) ingested three glasses of wine (95mL each) and their BrAC was determined by an Alcotest 7410 at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min post-drinking. 46% of females and no male subjects exceeded a BrAC of 0.25mg/L, the legal limit for driving fixed by some Western countries. 53% of the study population felt nausea during the experimental session and 20% self-reported impairment of their driving skills. In both cases these subjective effects were more pronounced in females. The major determinants of mean BrAC were time post-drinking, gender (male) and body mass index (BMI), all these variables being inversely associated. Females and individuals with a BMI lower than 22.5kg/m(2) were at an increased risk of exceeding the legal limit of BrAC. The feeling of nausea was significantly associated with gender (females), the ingestion of up to 2 drinks on weekdays, and having exceeded a BrAC of 0.25mg/L during the experimental study. The main predictor of self-perception of impaired driving skills was the feeling of nausea, followed by a BrAC in excess of 0.25mg/L. In conclusion, both females and subjects with lower BMI are at an increased risk of exceeding the legal limit of BrAC after moderate alcohol consumption resembling a social drinking setting.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Derecho Penal, Facultad de Derecho, Universidad de Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barquín
authors.forename: Juan de Dios
authors.initials: Jde D
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.forename: Antonio F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hernández
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001944:Breath Tests; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000431:Ethanol