title: Real-time PCR analysis of candidate imprinted genes on mouse chromosome 11 shows balanced expression from the maternal and paternal chromosomes and strain-specific variation in expression levels.
abstract: Imprinted genes are monoallelically expressed from either the maternal or paternal genome. Because cancer develops through genetic and epigenetic alterations, imprinted genes affect tumorigenesis depending on which parental allele undergoes alteration. We have shown previously in a mouse model of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) that inheriting mutant alleles of Nf1 and Trp53 on chromosome 11 from the mother or father dramatically changes the tumor spectrum of mutant progeny, likely due to alteration in an imprinted gene(s) linked to Nf1 and Trp53. In order to identify imprinted genes on chromosome 11 that are responsible for differences in susceptibility, we tested candidate imprinted genes predicted by a bioinformatics approach and an experimental approach. We have tested 30 candidate genes (Havcr2, Camk2b, Ccdc85a, Cntnap1, Ikzf1, 5730522E02Rik, Gria1, Zfp39, Sgcd, Jup, Nxph3, Spnb2, Asb3, Rasd1, Map2k3, Map2k4, Trp53, Serpinf1, Crk, Rasl10b, Itga3, Hoxb5, Cbx1, Pparbp, Igfbp4, Smarce1, Stat3, Atp6v0a1, Nbr1 and Meox1), two known imprinted genes (Grb10 and Impact) and Nf1, which has not been previously identified as an imprinted gene. Although we confirmed the imprinting of Grb10 and Impact, we found no other genes imprinted in the brain. We did, however, find strain-biased expression of Camk2b, 5730522E02Rik, Havcr2, Map2k3, Serpinf1, Rasl10b, Itga3, Asb3, Trp53, Nf1, Smarce1, Stat3, Cbx1, Pparbp and Cntnap1. These results suggest that the prediction of imprinted genes is complicated and must be individually validated. This manuscript includes supplementary data listing primer sequences for Taqman assays and Ct values for Taqman PCR.
authors.affiliation: Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Tuskan
authors.forename: Shirley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: Zhonghe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baer
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rozenblum
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Munroe
authors.forename: Karlyne M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Reilly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D015870:Gene Expression; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D051379:Mice; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013045:Species Specificity