title: Bikunin suppresses expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide in neutrophils.
abstract: Activated neutrophils contribute to the development of preterm delivery. Because of its ability to suppress inflammation, bikunin, a Kunitz-type protease inhibitor, is currently in clinical trials. To investigate the molecular mechanism of this inhibition, we analyzed the effect of bikunin on pro-inflammatory cytokine production and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in mouse neutrophils stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an inflammatory inducer. Here, we show that bikunin: (i) blocks LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, in a dose-dependent manner; (ii) has an inhibitory effect on cytokine production at a concentration of 0.2 microM, reaching 65% inhibition at the highest doses of bikunin tested (5 microM); (iii) has the suppressive capacity of ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways; and (iv) inhibited sequentially the LPS-induced phosphorylation of IkappaB-alpha, degradation of IkappaB-alpha, and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. When the MAPK data are analyzed, a significant decrease in phosphorylation is not seen at 0.2 microM bikunin but is at 1.0 microM dosing. Bikunin can inhibit LPS-induced neutrophil activation and cytokine release, although it is unlikely that it works primarily through the inhibition of MAPK phosphorylation. These data suggest that such effects are important in vivo and play a major contributory role in abrogation of neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses, such as preterm delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanayama
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onogi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shigetomi
authors.forename: Sachiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Yoriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haruta
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sado
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitanaka
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oi
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yagyu
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000510:Alpha-Globulins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000510:Alpha-Globulins; D016207:Cytokines; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C016001:alpha-1-microglobulin; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases