title: An expert system based on principal component analysis, artificial immune system and fuzzy k-NN for diagnosis of valvular heart diseases.
abstract: In the last two decades, the use of artificial intelligence methods in medical analysis is increasing. This is mainly because the effectiveness of classification and detection systems have improved a great deal to help the medical experts in diagnosing. In this work, we investigate the use of principal component analysis (PCA), artificial immune system (AIS) and fuzzy k-NN to determine the normal and abnormal heart valves from the Doppler heart sounds. The proposed heart valve disorder detection system is composed of three stages. The first stage is the pre-processing stage. Filtering, normalization and white de-noising are the processes that were used in this stage. The feature extraction is the second stage. During feature extraction stage, wavelet packet decomposition was used. As a next step, wavelet entropy was considered as features. For reducing the complexity of the system, PCA was used for feature reduction. In the classification stage, AIS and fuzzy k-NN were used. To evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology, a comparative study is realized by using a data set containing 215 samples. The validation of the proposed method is measured by using the sensitivity and specificity parameters; 95.9% sensitivity and 96% specificity rate was obtained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics and Computer Science, Technical Education Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey. ksengur@firat.edu.tr
authors.forename: Abdulkadir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sengur
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D005103:Expert Systems; D005260:Female; D017143:Fuzzy Logic; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted