The ALARA principle in the context of a radiological or nuclear emergency.
Traditionally, the concept of As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) has been applied to the workplace and to protect the public. The goals are to minimize small incremental exposures on a daily basis or per specific task, and on a yearly basis, thereby to keep the total annual dose equivalent as far below regulatory limits as practical. In an extreme emergency caused by radiological or nuclear terrorism, or a large scale radiological accident, it is proposed that the same principles can be applied to protect First Responders against potentially large exposures.
Musolino
Stephen V
SV
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Nonproliferation and National Security Department, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA. musolino@bnl.gov
DeFranco
Joseph
J
Schlueck
Richard
R
D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006077:Government Agencies; D006801:Humans; D009683:Nuclear Medicine / Q000592:standards*; D009689:Nuclear Warfare; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011835:Radiation Protection; D018788:Radioactive Hazard Release / Q000517:prevention & control*; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D047851:September 11 Terrorist Attacks / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States