Determination of origin of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): the use of multiprobe and multielement isotopic analyses in combination with fatty acid composition to assess wild or farmed origin.
Variability within the stable isotope ratios in various lipidic fractions and the fatty acid composition of muscle oil has been analyzed for a large sample (171 fish) of wild and farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) from 32 origins within Europe, North America, and Tasmania. Sampling was extended over all seasons in 2 consecutive years and included fish raised by different practices, in order to maximize the range of variation present. It is shown that two readily measured parameters, delta 15N measured on choline and delta18 O measured on total oil, can be successfully used to discriminate between fish of authentic wild and farmed origin. However, the certainty of identification of mislabeling in market-derived fish is strengthened by including the percentage of linoleic acid C18:2n-6 in the lipidic fraction. Thus, several apparent misidentifications were found. The combination of these three analytical parameters and the size of the database generated makes the method practical for implementation in official laboratories as a tool of labeling verification.
Thomas
Freddy
F
Eurofins Scientific Analytics, Rue PA Bobierre, BP 42301, 44323 Nantes Cedex 3, France. FreddyThomas@Eurofins.com
Jamin
Eric
E
Wietzerbin
Karine
K
Guérin
Régis
R
Lees
Michele
M
Morvan
Eric
E
Billault
Isabelle
I
Derrien
Solène
S
Moreno Rojas
Jose Manuel
JM
Serra
Francesca
F
Guillou
Claude
C
Aursand
Marit
M
McEvoy
Lesley
L
Prael
Angelika
A
Robins
Richard J
RJ
D000818:Animals; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D005515:Food Labeling; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000145:classification*
D005227:Fatty Acids; D005395:Fish Oils; D008055:Lipids; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes