title: Changes of ghrelin and leptin in response to hypocaloric diet in obese patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypocaloric diet-induced weight loss produces a coordinated decrease in plasma leptin levels and an increase in plasma ghrelin levels. The aim of the present study was to determine whether subjects who lose significant weight experience changes in circulating ghrelin and leptin levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population of 66 obese patients was analyzed. Leptin, active ghrelin blood levels, and other cardiovascular risk factors were measured before and after 3 mo of a hypocaloric diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-six patients (17 male, 49 female) gave informed consent and were enrolled in the study. Forty-six patients did not lose 5% of initial weight (group I, weight loss 1.4 +/- 2.5 kg) and 20 patients lost weight (>5% of initial weight; group II, weight loss 7.1 +/- 2.6 kg). In group I, active ghrelin levels increased (7.40 +/- 8 versus 19.40 +/- 32 pg/mL, P < 0.05) and leptin levels decreased (102.6 +/- 86 versus 89.30 +/- 76 ng/mL, P < 0.05). In group II, leptin levels also decreased significantly (69.80 +/- 67 versus 53.50 +/- 59 ng/mL, P < 0.05). Active ghrelin in this group did not show differences (24.20 +/- 41 versus 10.30 +/- 12 pg/mL, NS). In the multivariate analysis with a dependent variable (change in active ghrelin levels, pg/ml) in group II adjusted by age and sex, only basal fat mass and basal intake of protein remained in the model. In the multivariate analysis with a dependent variable (change in leptin levels, pg/ml) in group II adjusted by age and sex, only basal fat mass and BMI remained in the model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with weight loss secondary to a hypocaloric diet did not change active ghrelin levels and decreased leptin levels after treatment.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Medicine School and Unit of Investigation, Hospital Rio Hortega, University of Valladolid, RD-056/0013RETICF, Valladolid, Spain. dadluis@yahoo.es <dadluis@yahoo.es>
authors.forename: Daniel Antonio
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: de Luis
authors.forename: Manuel Gonzalez
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sagrado
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Conde
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aller
authors.forename: Olatz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Izaola
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin