title: Tenofovir DF plus lamivudine or emtricitabine for nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (NPEP) in a Boston Community Health Center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (NPEP) has been used to decrease HIV transmission after high-risk exposures. However, suboptimal adherence in completing the recommended 28-day course has resulted in prophylaxis failures. Fenway Community Health, the largest center caring for HIV-infected and high-risk men who have sex with men (MSM) in New England, began an NPEP program in 1997, initially using zidovudine-based regimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two phase 4 studies, using tenofovir DF regimens combined with either lamivudine or emtricitabine, were conducted. This paper evaluates the experience of those who used tenofovir-based NPEP regimens, comparing the subjects to historical controls who used zidovudine-containing regimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between May 2004 and March 2005, 44 individuals who presented after high-risk sexual exposure were prescribed tenofovir DF/lamivudine for NPEP. Between March 2005 and March 2006, 68 individuals with 72 high-risk experiences received tenofovir DF/emtricitabine, and were compared to122 historical controls who were prescribed 126 courses of zidovudine plus lamivudine between January 2000 and May 2004. Seventy-two percent of those who took tenofovir DF and emtricitabine, and 87.5% of the participants who took tenofovir DF and lamivudine, for NPEP completed their regimens as prescribed, whereas only 42.1% of those who took zidovudine plus lamivudine did so (P < 0.0001). Participants who took tenofovir DF-containing regimens were more likely to report diarrhea or abdominal discomfort; patients who took zidovudine-containing regimens were more likely to report nausea and vomiting, which was often severe enough to lead to product discontinuation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tenofovir DF-containing regimens for NPEP are generally well tolerated with high completion rates. Tolerability and adherence compared favorably to zidovudine-containing regimens used previously. Tenofovir DF-containing regimens should be considered for PEP to enhance adherence and regimen completion.
authors.affiliation: Fenway Institute, Fenway Community Health, Boston, MA, USA. Kenneth_Mayer@Brown.edu
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mimiaga
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grasso
authors.forename: Ronn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bill
authors.forename: Rodney
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van Derwarker
authors.forename: Alvan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001900:Boston; D017327:Clinical Trials, Phase IV as Topic; D003151:Community Health Centers / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000068679:Emtricitabine; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068698:Tenofovir; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D019259:Lamivudine; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000068679:Emtricitabine; D000225:Adenine