title: Perceived work-related stress and early atherosclerotic changes in healthy employees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between perceived work-related stress and preclinical atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 100 managers and 50 office workers aged 35-65 participated in a questionnaire study. Individual, family and work-related stress risk factors and coping were evaluated in all the studied individuals. Serum levels of biochemical (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, TG, glucose) and serological risk factors of atherosclerosis (anticardiolipin, anti-beta(2) GPI, anti-oxLDL, anti-HSP and anti-hsCRP antibodies) were evaluated. A computer analysis of B-mode ultrasound images was used to assess carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and atherosclerotic plaque in carotid arteries. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS v. 11.5.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The studied individuals showed average ranges of both the global stress level and of coping results. In 71% no changes were found in the ultrasound image and in 29% of individuals (43) the presence of plaque was shown. The mean value of the IMT measure was 0.0618 +/- 0.013 mm. IMT and plaque correlated negatively with the level of global work-related stress (r = -0.26; P < 0.01; and r = -0.28; P < 0.01; respectively). No correlation was found either between work-related stress and coping, or between coping and IMT (P > 0.05), or between work-related stress and healthy lifestyle (no smoking, no excessive use of alcohol, high physical activity), or between healthy lifestyle and IMT (P > 0.05). Positive correlation between IMT and LDL and smoking did not result from higher stress reaction in the studied individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The explanation of the negative correlation between perceived work-related stress and preclinical atherosclerosis was not confirmed either by the subjects under high stress undertaking healthy protective activities or by their escaping into unhealthy behaviour. The most probable interpretation of the results is that in individuals with a low level of perceived work-related stress, somatization of stress takes place.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ergonomics, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland. jobug@ciop.pl
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bugajska
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Widerszal-Bazyl
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Radkiewicz
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pasierski
authors.forename: Grazyna Anna
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Szulczyk
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zabek
authors.forename: Bozena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wojciechowska
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jedryka-Góral
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography