title: New anti-proliferative agent, MK615, from Japanese apricot "Prunus mume" induces striking autophagy in colon cancer cells in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the anti-neoplastic effects of MK615, an extract from the Japanese apricot (Prunus mume), against colon cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three colon cancer cell lines, SW480, COLO, and WiDr, were cultured with MK615. Growth inhibition was evaluated by cell proliferation assay and killing activity was determined by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Induction of apoptosis was evaluated by annexin V flow cytometry. Morphological changes were studied by light and electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence staining with Atg8.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MK615 inhibited growth and lysed SW480, COLO and WiDr cells in a dose-dependent manner. Annexin V flow cytometry showed that MK615 induced apoptosis after 6 h incubation, at which point the occurrence of apoptotic cells was 68.0%, 65.7% and 64.7% for SW480, COLO, and WiDr cells, respectively. Light and electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence staining with Atg8 revealed that MK615 induced massive cytoplasmic vacuoles (autophagosomes) in all three cell lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MK615 has an anti-neoplastic effect against colon cancer cells. The effect may be exerted by induction of apoptosis and autophagy.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Kitakobayashi 880, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Tokihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Toshie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Tatsushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohsawa
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Kubota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keiichi
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027861:Prunus
chemical_list: C517469:MK615 extract; D010936:Plant Extracts