title: Triple-negative high-risk breast cancer derives particular benefit from dose intensification of adjuvant chemotherapy: results of WSG AM-01 trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper evaluates the prognostic and predictive impact of protein expression of various molecular markers in high-risk breast cancer (HRBC) patients with >9 involved lymph nodes, who received different chemotherapy dose-intensification strategies within a prospective randomized WSG AM-01 trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin-embedded tumors from 236 patients, who were randomly assigned to dose-dense conventional chemotherapy with four cycles of E(90)C(600) followed by three cycles of C(600)M(40)F(600) every 2 weeks (DD) or a rapidly cycled tandem high-dose regimen with two cycles of E(90)C(600) every 2 weeks followed by two cycles of E(90)C(3000)Thiotepa(400) every 3 weeks (HD), were available for retrospective central pathological review (116 HD/120 DD). Expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), MIB-1, epidermal growth factor receptor, and Her-2/neu was evaluated immunohistochemically using tissue microarrays. Results were correlated with follow-up data and treatment effects by proportional hazard Cox regression models (including interaction analysis).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median follow-up of 61.7 months, 5-year event-free survival (EFS) as well as overall survival (OS) rates for the 236 patients were significantly better in the HD arm: EFS: 62% versus 41% [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.60, 95% CI 0.43-0.85, P = 0.004]; OS: 76% versus 61% (HR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.39-0.87, P = 0.007). In multivariate analysis, HD, tumor size <3 cm, positive PR, negative MIB-1 staining, and grade 1/2 were associated with favorable outcome. Interaction analysis showed that regarding predictive effects, triple negative (ER/PR/Her-2/neu) and G3 tumors derived most benefit from HD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tandem HD improves both EFS and OS in HRBC. This therapy effect may be partly attributable to superior efficacy in the subgroup of triple-negative tumors and/or G3 with their poor prognostic marker profile.
authors.affiliation: West German Study Group, Breast Centre, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany. oleg.gluz@wsg-online.com
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gluz
authors.forename: U A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Nitz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harbeck
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kates
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herr
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lindemann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jackisch
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Berdel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kirchner
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Metzner
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schütt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frick
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poremba
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Diallo-Danebrock
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohrmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004967:Estrogens; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004967:Estrogens; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D013629:Tamoxifen; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D015251:Epirubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D005472:Fluorouracil; D008727:Methotrexate