title: Effects of audio stimulation on gastric myoelectrical activity and sympathovagal balance in healthy adolescents and adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different audio stimulations on gastric myoelectrical activity and sympathovagal balance in adolescents compared with adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed in 11 adults and 12 adolescents. Each subject underwent two sessions, one for classical music, and the other for noise. Each session consisted of 30 min of baseline, 30 min of fasting audio stimulation, a test meal, 30 min of fed audio stimulation, and 30 min of recovery. Electrocardiogram and electrogastrogram were both recorded throughout each session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (i) In the fasting state, both classical music and noise impaired gastric slow wave activity in adolescents. In adults, noise had no effects while classical music moderately improved slow wave rhythmicity. (ii) In the fed state, neither noise nor music had any effects on gastric slow waves. (iii) In the fasting state, both noise and music increased the sympathovagal balance in adolescents; in adults only noise had such an effect. (iv) The test meal increased the sympathovagal balance in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastric slow waves and the sympathovagal balance are more strongly affected by audio stimulation in adolescents than in adults. The test meal normalizes the audio stimulation-induced differences between the groups.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Dennis D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jieyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Hanaa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sallam
authors.forename: Jiande D Z
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D004568:Electrodiagnosis; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music; D016065:Myoelectric Complex, Migrating / Q000502:physiology*; D009622:Noise; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology; D013270:Stomach / Q000502:physiology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology