title: Anastrozole increases predicted adult height of short adolescent males treated with growth hormone: a randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial for one to three years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The process of epiphyseal fusion during puberty is regulated by estrogen, even in males.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to investigate whether anastrozole, a potent aromatase inhibitor, could delay bone age acceleration and increase predicted adult height in adolescent boys with GH deficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two adolescent males with GH deficiency treated with GH were randomized to cotreatment with anastrozole or placebo daily for up to 36 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty subjects completed 12 months, 41 completed 24 months, and 28 completed 36 months. Linear growth was comparable between groups; however, there was a significantly slower increase in bone age advancement from baseline in the anastrozole group vs. placebo group after 2 yr (+1.8+/-0.1 vs. +2.7+/-0.1 yr, P<0.0001) and after 3 yr (+2.5+/-0.2 vs. +4.1+/-0.1 yr, P<0.0001). This resulted in a net increase in predicted adult height of +4.5+/-1.2 cm in the anastrozole group at 24 months and +6.7+/-1.4 cm at 36 months as compared with a 1-cm gain at both time points in the placebo group. Estradiol and estrone concentrations increased less in the anastrozole group compared with placebo group. All boys on the aromatase inhibitor had normal tempo of virilization. Safety data, including glucose, and plasma lipid concentrations were comparable between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anastrozole increases adult height potential of adolescent boys on GH therapy while maintaining normal pubertal progression after 2-3 yr. This treatment offers an alternative in promoting growth in GH-deficient boys in puberty. Long-term follow up is needed to elucidate fully the safety and efficacy of this approach.
authors.affiliation: Nemours Children's Clinic, Division of Endocrinology, 807 Children's Way, Jacksonville, Florida 32207, USA. nmauras@nemours.org
authors.forename: Nelly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mauras
authors.forename: Lilliam
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gonzalez de Pijem
authors.forename: Helen Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Hsiang
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Desrosiers
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rapaport
authors.forename: I David
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Karen Oerter
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Ravinder J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bishop
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000365:Age Determination by Skeleton; D000077384:Anastrozole; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001823:Body Composition; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects*; D015519:Bone Density; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011627:Puberty; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014230:Triazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D009570:Nitriles; D014230:Triazoles; D000077384:Anastrozole; D013739:Testosterone; D013006:Growth Hormone