title: Epigenetic downregulation of atrial natriuretic peptide but not vasopressin mRNA expression in females with eating disorders is related to impulsivity.
abstract: Disturbances of volume-regulating mechanisms have already been implicated in the pathophysiology of eating disorders like anorexia or bulimia nervosa with the peptide hormones vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) being of special interest. Aim of the present study was to investigate, whether the expression of the corresponding genes was altered and if so, if these changes could be explained by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. We analyzed blood samples of 46 women suffering from anorexia (n=22) or bulimia nervosa (n=24) as well as of 30 healthy controls. Peripheral mRNA expression and DNA methylation of the vasopressin and the ANP precursor genes were assessed using real-time PCR. We found significantly lower levels of ANP mRNA in patients with eating disorders. This downregulation was accompanied by a hypermethylation of the ANP gene promoter in the bulimic subgroup. We did not find differences regarding expression or methylation of the vasopressin gene. ANP mRNA expression was inversely associated with impaired impulse regulation. We conclude that epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to the known alterations of ANP homeostasis in women with eating disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. helge.frieling@uk-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frieling
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bleich
authors.forename: Jeannette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Otten
authors.forename: Konstanze D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Römer
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kornhuber
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Zwaan
authors.forename: Georg E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Jacoby
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hillemacher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014667:Vasopressins; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor