title: Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) polymorphisms are associated with reversal reaction in leprosy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leprosy is characterized by a spectrum of clinical manifestations that depend on the type of immune response against the pathogen. Patients may undergo immunological changes known as "reactional states" (reversal reaction and erythema nodosum leprosum) that result in major clinical deterioration. The goal of the present study was to assess the effect of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) polymorphisms on susceptibility to and clinical presentation of leprosy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three polymorphisms in TLR2 (597C-->T, 1350T-->C, and a microsatellite marker) were analyzed in 431 Ethiopian patients with leprosy and 187 control subjects. The polymorphism-associated risk of developing leprosy, lepromatous (vs. tuberculoid) leprosy, and leprosy reactions was assessed by multivariate logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The microsatellite and the 597C-->T polymorphisms both influenced susceptibility to reversal reaction. Although the 597T allele had a protective effect (odds ratio [OR], 0.34 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.17-0.68]; P= .002 under the dominant model), homozygosity for the 280-bp allelic length of the microsatellite strongly increased the risk of reversal reaction (OR, 5.83 [95% CI, 1.98-17.15]; P= .001 under the recessive model). These associations were consistent among 3 different ethnic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest a significant role for TLR-2 in the occurrence of leprosy reversal reaction and provide new insights into the immunogenetics of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98103-8904, USA. pyb@systemsbiology.org
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Bochud
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Hawn
authors.forename: M Ruby
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saunderson
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Britton
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: Azeb Tadesse
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Argaw
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janer
authors.forename: Lue Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Gilla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aderem
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005002:Ethiopia; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007918:Leprosy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2