title: [Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial gram-negative pathogens from 15 teaching hospitals in China in 2005].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the antimicrobial resistance among the nosocomial gram-negative pathogens from 15 teaching hospitals located in different areas in China in 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1927 non-repetitive nosocomial gram-negative pathogens were collected from 15 teaching hospitals in different areas in China and sent to the central lab for reidentification and susceptibility testing. The levels of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 18 antimicrobial agents were determined by agar dilution method. WHONET 5.4 software was used to analyze the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteous mirabilis isolates that did not produce extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) showed high sensitivity to beta-lactams. The antibiotics with a susceptibility rates over 80% against the strains of Entorobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogene, Citrobacter spp, Serratia spp, and Proteous vulgaris producing AmpC enzyme included meropenem, imipenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam, and these 3 drugs showed a susceptibility rate of more than 80% against the ESBL-producing strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Other antimicrobial agents showing a relatively high activity against Enterobacter spp, Citrobacter spp, Serratia spp and Proteous vulgaris included cefepime (67.3% - 100%), amikacin (67.3% - 95.2%), ceftazidime (52.9% - 100%) and cefoperazone-sulbactam (51.9% - 100%). The susceptibility rate of fluoroquinolones was 34.8% - 36.1% against non-ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and was 13.4% - 17.1% against ESBL-producing isolates. The most active agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was polymyxin B (95.6%). The agents with the activity rates of 70% - 80% included meropenem, imipenem, amikacin, and piperacillin-tazobactam. The antibiotic with a high susceptible rate against Acinetobacter baumannii was polymyxin B (98.3%), followed by imipenem (80.8%), meropenem (76.2%), and minocycline (67.4%). The susceptible rates of other agents were all below 60%. The agents with relatively high activity against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia included minocycline (85%), levofloxacin (82.5%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (77.5%). The agents with a relatively high activity against Burkholderia cepacia included minocycline (77.2%) and meropenem (61.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carbapenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin and cefepime remained relatively high activity against nosocomial Enterobacteriaceae, Non-fermenting pathogens have lower susceptibility to the antimicrobial agents than before.
authors.affiliation: Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Qi-wen
authors.initials: QW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ying-chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Min-jun
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yun-jian
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yu-xing
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Jing-yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yun-song
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hai-shen
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Wei-yuan
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hui-fen
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Yin-mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lian-na
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Shi-hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Zhen-hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jian-kang
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Li-xia
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zi-yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xu-hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Ming-qing
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Wang-sheng
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ya-ning
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhi-jie
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Peng-peng
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Li-xia
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiu-li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002681:China; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004754:Enterobacter / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents