title: Dietary intake of folate, but not vitamin B2 or B12, is associated with increased bone mineral density 5 years after the menopause: results from a 10-year follow-up study in early postmenopausal women.
abstract: Folate, vitamin B2 (riboflavin), and vitamin B12 may affect bone directly or through an effect on plasma homocysteine levels. Previously, a positive association has been found between plasma levels and bone mineral density (BMD) as well as risk of fracture. However, there are limited data on whether dietary intakes affect bone. Our aim was to investigate whether intake of folate, vitamin B2) and vitamin B12, as assessed by food records affects BMD and fracture risk. In a population-based cohort including 1,869 perimenopausal women from the Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study, associations between intakes and BMD were assessed at baseline and after 5 years of follow-up. Moreover, associations between intakes and 5- and 10-year changes in BMD as well as risk of fracture were studied. Intakes of folate, vitamin B2, and vitamin B12 were 417 (range 290-494) microg/day, 2.70 (range 1.70-3.16) mg/day, and 4.98 (range 3.83-6.62) microg/day, respectively, i.e., slightly above the intakes recommended by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. At year 5, but not at baseline, cross-sectional analyses showed positive correlations between daily intake from diet and from diet plus supplements of folate and BMD at the femoral neck (P < 0.01). However, no associations were found between intakes and changes in BMD. During 10 years of follow-up, 360 subjects sustained a fracture. Compared with 1,440 controls, logistic regression analyses revealed no difference in intakes between cases and controls. A high dietary intake of folate, but not vitamin B2 or B12, exerts positive effects on BMD; but further studies are needed to confirm this association.
authors.affiliation: The Osteoporosis Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus Sygehus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Sygehus, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. rejnmark@post6.tele.dk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rejnmark
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vestergaard
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brot
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eiken
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mosekilde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003718:Denmark; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005526:Food, Formulated; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D013995:Time; D013997:Time Factors; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12; D012256:Riboflavin