title: Intravitreal bevacizumab (avastin) as a treatment for refractory macular edema in patients with uveitis: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  : Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which has been successfully used for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration with choroidal neovascularization. As VEGF is involved in the pathomechanisms of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction the authors used bevacizumab as a last resort treatment in patients with persistent uveitic cystoid macular edema (CME).
  
  
  METHODS
  : Persistent uveitic CME was defined by optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements >250 mum despite previous treatments. The authors reviewed patients with persistent CME who subsequently had been treated with intravitreous bevacizumab 1.25 or 2.5 mg. Improvement was judged by visual acuity (VA) gain >/=2 lines and thickness reduction in OCT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : Eleven eyes of 10 patients were injected since February 2006. Median follow-up was 70 days. Reduction in central retinal thickness could be seen as early as 2 weeks with a mean foveal thickness reduction of 127.2 mum at 4 weeks. Concurrent improvement in VA was seen in 4 of 10 patients, and was unchanged in the others. Four patients received two injections and five patients received three injections. Except for progression of cataract in one eye no ocular or systemic adverse events were recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : Intravitreal bevacizumab seems to be an effective and safe treatment in the management of refractory inflammatory CME. The effect is transient, and reinjections may be necessary, although the time until reinjection is needed differs individually.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Germany. friederike.mackensen@uveitiszentrum.de
authors.forename: Friederike
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mackensen
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heinz
authors.forename: Matthias D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Arnd
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heiligenhaus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014605:Uveitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068258:Bevacizumab