title: Pulmonary retransplantation: is it worth the effort? A long-term analysis of 46 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary retransplantation remains the only therapeutic option in some cases of severe primary graft dysfunction (PGD), advanced bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), and in some cases of severe airway problems (AWP), mainly cicatriceal stenosis. However, its value has been questioned due to the overall scarcity of donor organs and reports indicating unsatisfactory outcome. We analyzed our institutional experience with pulmonary retransplantation to evaluate its value for different indications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed all 46 patients undergoing pulmonary retransplantation from the 567 consecutive primary lung or heart-lung transplantations performed in our department from August 1995 to August 2006. We stratified patients according to indication for retransplantation and analyzed the outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-six patients (mean age 41 +/- 16 years, 18 men and 28 women) underwent pulmonary retransplantation (14 bilateral lung transplantations, 32 single-lung transplantations) for primary graft dysfunction (n = 23), bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (n = 19) and airway problems (n = 4). Mean time to retransplantation was 26 +/- 27 days in the PGD group, 1,069 +/- 757 days in the BOS group and 220 +/- 321 days in the AWP group. Thirty-day, 1-year and 5-year survival rates after retransplantation were 52.2%, 34.8% and 29.0% in the PGD group and 89.2%, 72.5% and 61.3% in the BOS group, respectively. All 4 patients in the AWP group are presently alive (BOS vs PGD: p = 0.02; BOS vs AWP: p = 0.27; PGD vs AWP: p = 0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary retransplantation for bronchiolitis obliterans offers long-term survival rates in the range of primary lung transplantation for selected patients. Long-term survival rates for retransplantation due to PGD are significantly lower, warranting restrictive use in this setting. In our experience with a limited number of patients, retransplantation for airway problems has shown excellent results. Pulmonary retransplantation for chronic problems is a plausible approach, provided that patients are carefully selected. Retransplantation for PGD should be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aigner
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jaksch
authors.forename: Shahrokh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taghavi
authors.forename: Gyoergy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Mir Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Reza-Hoda
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wisser
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Klepetko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012086:Reoperation; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome