title: Axillary loop grafts for hemodialysis access: midterm results from a single-center study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study reports our midterm results with arteriovenous axillary loop grafts (AVALG) and evaluates their role in construction of vascular access for patients on chronic hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical data of 27 patients who underwent construction of an AVALG for hemodialysis access at our institution between July 2002 and December 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. Outcome measures included graft patency, the complication rate, and the frequency and morbidity of secondary procedures after AVALG creation. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the primary and secondary patency curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AVALG was constructed as the first access procedure in eight patients: five patients with no suitable vein to construct an adequate angioaccess on the upper limbs, and three patients with elbow and forearm arteritis. The 19 other patients had all had two to five failed prior vascular accesses leading to exhaustion of venous access sites on the upper extremities (18 cases), or a steal syndrome (one case). No postoperative death occurred, but four patients died of causes unrelated to the intervention between the second and the tenth postoperative months. The mean follow-up was 15 months (range, 2-48 months). The primary patency rate at 12 months and the secondary patency rate at 18 months were 51% and 80%, respectively. Infection (three cases), thrombosis (seven cases), and stenosis of the outflow vein (two cases) were the main complications, occurring in 10 of the 27 patients (41%). Twelve secondary procedures were performed in these 10 patients with little additional morbidity. Five of the 27 patients developed irreversible AVALG occlusion leading to access loss: two patients with concomitant graft infection and three patients with a history of subclavian vein catheterization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AVALG may represent a supplementary option for chronic hemodialysis patients with vascular steal or inadequate upper extremity venous access sites.
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire, Hôpital Saint Roch, University Hospital of Nice, 5 rue Pierre Dévoluy, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Elixène
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jean-Baptiste
authors.forename: Réda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hassen-Khodja
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haudebourg
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Declemy
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Batt
authors.forename: Pierre Jean
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bouillanne
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001365:Axilla / Q000098:blood supply*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency