title: Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory mediators in chronic complex regional pain syndrome related dystonia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is compelling evidence of central nervous system involvement in neuropathic pain and movement disorders in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Previously, elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 were found in CRPS patients with and without movement disorders. The aim of the present study was to replicate these findings and to search for additional CSF biomarkers in chronic CRPS patients with dystonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  CSF samples of 20 patients and 29 controls who underwent spinal anesthesia for surgical interventions participated. We measured interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, interferon-gamma inducible protein-10, RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted), complement C3, mannose-binding lectin, complement C1q, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, endothelin-1, nitric oxide, human lactoferrin, and hypocretin-1 levels in these samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in the CSF levels of these effector mediators between patients and controls were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our CSF findings do not support a role of a variety of inflammatory mediators or hypocretin-1 in chronic CRPS patients with dystonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alexander G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Munts
authors.forename: Freek J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Nibbering
authors.forename: Mohamed R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Daha
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marinus
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dahan
authors.forename: Jacobus J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van Hilten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D020918:Complex Regional Pain Syndromes / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications*; D004421:Dystonia / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D000068797:Orexins
chemical_list: C000596229:HCRT protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D000068797:Orexins