title: ADHD symptoms and maturity--a study in primary school children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study if age and non-behavioural measures of biological maturity have any associations with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred fifty-one children 7 to 9 years of age in a Swedish school were screened for ADHD-symptom. ADHD-symptoms were estimated by Conners Abbreviated Questionnaire by both parents and teachers. Motor function, body weight and body height were measured. Skeletal age was estimated through hand radiographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Height, weight and skeletal bone-age did correlate significantly with age (rs = 0.44-0.69, p < 0.001) but not with ADHD symptom scores. Motor dysfunction had a weak negative correlation with age (rs =-0.21, p < 0.05). Parent and teacher scores of ADHD-symptoms did not correlate with age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that the variables measuring general biological maturity had a strong association with age, whereas motor dysfunction and ADHD symptoms had no significant association with age. ADHD symptoms did not correlate with the variables measuring general biological maturity. These results do not support the hypothesis that a general biological immaturity is an important etiologic factor for ADHD symptomatology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Peik.Gustafsson@med.lu.se
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thernlund
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Besjakov
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ericsson
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Svedin
mesh_terms: D000365:Age Determination by Skeleton; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D010290:Parents; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires