title: Review on non-thermal effects of microwave irradiation in organic synthesis.
abstract: The aim of this review is to show the occurrence of non-thermal effects in organic synthesis. The effect of microwave irradiation is a consequence of the interaction of radiation with matter and a combination of thermal and non-thermal effects. Thermal effects are well-described and arise from the heating rate, sometimes non accessible by conventional heating, superheating, "hot spots" and the selective absorption of radiation by polar substances. The existence of non-thermal effects of the highly polarized radiation is still a controversial topic, and one usually masked by thermal effects. Separation and identification of thermal and non-thermal effects is a complex matter, but essential to the study of non-thermal effects. Some predictive models have also been described.
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Química, Ciudad Real, Spain. Antonio.Hoz@uclm.es
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de la Hoz
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Díaz-Ortiz
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreno