title: [Thrombin preconditioning reduces brain injury caused by intracerebral infusion of high dose thrombin].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effect of the cerebral thrombin preconditioning on the thrombin-induced brain edema, to detect the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and to analyse the relationship between TNF-alpha and the thrombin-induced brain edema.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty SD rats were randomly divided into a ST group and a TT group. The rats received 50 L saline (ST group) or 1 U thrombin infusion (TT group), and received the second infusion (10 U thrombin) 24 h later. The rats were sacrificed at 24 and 72 h after the second infusion in order to examine the changes of brain water and sodium contents as well as the expression of TNF-alpha in the brain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The brain water and sodium contents in the ST group were significantly higher than those on the TT group, and those on the 1st day were higher than those on the 3 th day. The positive expression of TNF-alpha and in the change of water content were identical in the TT group and the ST group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thrombin preconditioning can alleviate the thrombin-induced brain edema. The increase of TNF-alpha expression after thrombin treatment may be related to the thrombin-induced brain edema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China. xynslancet@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Jin-fang
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yun-sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jia-sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Bao-zhong
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Li-xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013917:Thrombin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013917:Thrombin