title: Efficacy of the pear ester as a monitoring tool for codling moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in New Zealand apple orchards.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The behavioural response of both sexes of codling moth, Cydia pomonella to the pear-derived kairomone (ethyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate), codling moth sex pheromone (E,E-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol), and sex pheromone combined with the pear derived kairomone loaded into red rubber septum were investigated in trapping experiments in New Zealand apple orchards. A range of 0.01-10.0 mg of pheromone loading in rubber septum dispensers was tested and the highest catch of males was in traps baited with 1.0 mg. No dose response in trap catch of males was seen in traps baited with different amounts of pear-derived kairomone (0.01-10.0 mg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of females caught was significantly affected by the amount of pear derived kairomone used to bait traps, with the highest catch obtained at 10 mg loading. The attractiveness of sex pheromone was not enhanced by the addition of the kairomone either when used in the same bait or in a separate bait. The mean number of males captured in traps was reduced by 44% when the pheromone and kairomone were combined at ratio of 1:1 (0.1 mg pheromone: 0.1 mg kairomone) in separate sources.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kairomone baited traps showed some potential for monitoring the flight activity of female C. pomonella in apple orchards in two locations (Canterbury and Hawke's Bay). However, the number of male moths caught was low as compared to the number of male moths caught in pheromone-baited traps, and therefore the sex pheromone should continue to be used for monitoring male activity.
authors.affiliation: The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Limited, Canterbury Research Centre, Lincoln 8152, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Vanessa J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Lee-Anne
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: Lyn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Suckling
authors.forename: Ashraf M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: El-Sayed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003651:Decanoates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005426:Flight, Animal; D007300:Insect Control / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D027845:Malus; D009036:Moths / Q000502:physiology*; D009520:New Zealand; D010675:Pheromones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D011156:Population Density; D031989:Pyrus / Q000737:chemistry; D012621:Seasons; D012724:Sex Attractants / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003651:Decanoates; D010675:Pheromones; D012724:Sex Attractants; C438223:ethyl-2,4-decadienoate