title: Toxicity of the systemic insecticide, imidacloprid, to forest stream insects and microbial communities.
abstract: Imidacloprid was added to laboratory aquatic microcosms at concentrations of 12, 24, 48 and 96 microg/L to determine effects on leaf-shredding aquatic insect survival and feeding rates, and on aquatic microbial decomposition of leaf material. Survival of the stonefly, Pteronarcys dorsata, was significantly reduced at 48 and 96 microg/L. There was no significant mortality of the cranefly, Tipula sp., but most surviving tipulids were very sluggish and non-responsive to prodding at 48 and 96 microg/L. Leaf decomposition by these leaf-shredding insects was significantly reduced at all test concentrations. There were no significant adverse effects on microbial decomposition of leaf material.
authors.affiliation: Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Marie, ON, Canada. dave.kreutzweiser@nrcan.gc.ca
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kreutzweiser
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Good
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Chartrand
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Scarr
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D007313:Insecta; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D014197:Trees; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C082359:imidacloprid