title: Osteonecrosis of the jaws secondary to bisphosphonate therapy: a case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this report is to present the clinical experiences of several patients affected with osteonecrosis (ONJ) secondary to bisphosphonate (BP) therapy and to provide a discussion of the specific BPs implicated in this condition.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ONJ secondary to BP therapy is becoming an increasingly reported complication following dental therapy. This is particularly true of surgical dental procedures such as extractions. BPs are a class of pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of numerous disorders affecting bone, including osteoporosis, cancer metastases to bone, hypercalcemia of malignancy, and multiple myeloma. Although ONJ is a more recently described phenomenon, it is an emerging problem that may be associated with significant morbidity such as oral dysfunction, impaired eating ability, pain, and compromised esthetics resulting in a poor quality of life in affected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a description of 13 patients affected with ONJ secondary to BP therapy managed at the Orofacial Pain & Oral Medicine Center, Special Patients Clinic, and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic at the University of Southern California, School of Dentistry between October 2005 and April 2007, with a discussion of the specific BPs implicated in this condition, the clinical presentation, management, and follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thorough reporting of every case of ONJ is important to help advance the understanding of this poorly understood condition. The authors' approach to care represents a more conservative mode to management than previously described by many investigators.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Dentistry at University of Southern California, School of Dentistry in Los Angeles, CA, USA. satish.kumar@usc.edu
authors.forename: Satish K S
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meru
authors.forename: Parish P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Sedghizadeh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D003778:Dentures / Q000009:adverse effects; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007571:Jaw Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D011859:Radiography; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates