title: Differentiation-inducing liposoluble vitamin deficiency may explain frequent secondary solid tumors after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: minireview.
abstract: Secondary cancers are among the most threatening long-term health problems of hematopoetic stem cell- transplant (HSCT) patients. There are several lines of evidence indicating the possibility of a prolonged Vitamin A deficiency for solid tumor-type secondary cancers: I- Solid tumors such as oral cavity, head/neck region squamous carcinomas, skin cancers and melanomas, where lowered Vitamin A concentrations and chemo-preventing activity of its derivatives (retinoids) are most explicitly proven, arise much more frequently than others. II- Early monitorings: A significant retinol deficiency in HSCT patients is detectable along with a severity of mucositis and the vulnerability to infection. III- Monitoring of other liposoluble vitamins: Vitamin D, a differentiation-inducing vitamin like Vitamin A, showed a sustained decrease. Another similarity of these two vitamins is that they also depend on intestinal absorption and are decreased due to bowel injury by conditioning agents and chronic graft-versus-host disease. IV- Peroxidative reactions and inflammation can directly exhaust retinol levels despite sufficient intake. Considering the similar inhibitory role of Vitamin D analogs (deltanoids) on squamous carcinomas, skin tumors and melanomas, we propose that animal studies and extended vitamin surveillance studies in HSCT patients may unfold a preventive strategy against long-term complications.
authors.affiliation: ggedikoglu@superonline.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gedikoglu
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Altinoz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001361:Avitaminosis / Q000150:complications*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000209:etiology*; D012176:Retinoids / Q000502:physiology; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000150:complications*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D012176:Retinoids; D014801:Vitamin A