A low-glycemic-index diet reduces plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity, but not tissue inhibitor of proteinases-1 or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 protein, in overweight women.
BACKGROUND
The development of obesity has been suggested to involve plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue inhibitor of proteinases-1 (TIMP-1). Plasma PAI-1 is elevated in obesity. A low-glycemic-index (LGI) diet may have a beneficial effect on obesity through a decrease in plasma PAI-1, but whether it affects plasma TIMP-1 in healthy humans has not been studied.


OBJECTIVE
We investigated whether a 10-wk intake of an LGI or a high-glycemic-index (HGI), high-carbohydrate, low-fat, ad libitum diet is associated with decreases in plasma PAI-1 and TIMP-1 concentrations in overweight women.


METHODS
Forty-four overweight women [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2): 27.5+/-0.23] were randomly assigned to consume an HGI or an LGI diet for 10 wk. A subgroup of 29 women was assigned to participate in an additional 4-h meal test on the last day of the 10-wk intervention.


RESULTS
PAI-1 activity decreased after 10 wk of the LGI diet and was significantly different between groups. Changes in PAI-1 antigen followed the same trend, but no significant difference was observed between groups. No difference in plasma TIMP-1 concentrations was observed between groups. PAI-1 and TIMP-1 concentrations after the 4-h meal test were not significantly different between groups.


CONCLUSIONS
An LGI diet reduces fasting plasma PAI-1 activity and therefore may be useful for diminishing the adverse cardiovascular effects of obesity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00324090.
Jensen
Lotte
L
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, and the Center for Advanced Food Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark. lje@life.ku.dk
Sloth
Birgitte
B
Krog-Mikkelsen
Inger
I
Flint
Anne
A
Raben
Anne
A
Tholstrup
Tine
T
Brünner
Nils
N
Astrup
Arne
A
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000145:classification; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D019518:Postprandial Period; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D014280:Triglycerides; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases