title: Low prevalence of vancomycin- and bifunctional aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci isolated from poultry farms in Malaysia.
abstract: A total of 225 samples from poultry farms and the surrounding environment were screened for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and bifunctional aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci using conventional microbiological tests and a nanoplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Three (1.3%) of the samples were found to contain vancomycin-resistant isolates (MIC>256 microg/mL) that had a vanA genotype. The three vanA positive VRE isolates were identified as different species. Only one isolate (Enterococcus faecium F 4/13_54) was sensitive to teicoplanin (MIC<0. 12-0.35 microg/mL); the other two VRE (E. faecalis A 21_35 and E. gallinarum F 5/10_1) were resistant to teicoplanin (MIC 3.6-->16 microg/mL). The vanC genotype was observed in nine (4%) of the samples collected. High-level gentamicin-resistant (HLGR) enterococci (with MIC ranging between 100 and 500 microg/mL) were detected in 44 samples. However, only 40 of these were found to possess the aac(6')-aph(2'') gene. The overall prevalence of VRE among the samples from the poultry farms and environment was 5.3%, but the prevalence of the clinically significant vanA VRE was 1.3%, and the prevalence of bifunctional aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci was slightly higher, at 19.5%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Yean Yean
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Mohd Hafiz B
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Abd Nasir
authors.forename: Mohd Azli B
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Yahaya
authors.forename: Noor Mohamad Amin B
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Salleh
authors.forename: Azril Deenor B
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Md Dan
authors.forename: Abd Majid B
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Musa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ravichandran
mesh_terms: D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D005838:Genotype; D008296:Malaysia; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011200:Poultry / Q000382:microbiology*; D011202:Poultry Products / Q000382:microbiology; D020713:Vancomycin Resistance
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents