title: Stimulation of phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages toward artificial microspheres by infection with mycobacteria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to know the effect of uptake of mycobacteria on the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophage (Mphi) cells toward poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microspheres (MS) loaded with the anti-tuberculosis agent rifampicin (RFP-PLGA MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Biological functions such as phagocytic activity toward PLGA MS loaded with fluorescent coumarin (cPLGA MS) and toward polystyrene latex MS (PSL MS), and generation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nitric oxide (NO) were examined using alveolar Mphi cell NR8383 after they had phagocytosed Mycobacterium bovis Calmette-Guérin (BCG), heat-killed BCG (h-kBCG) or Escherichia coli.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ingestion of BCG, h-kBCG, and E. coli did not affect the viability of the Mphi cells within 2 days. The phagocytosis caused generation of TNF-alpha and NO, being more significant with E. coli than with both types of BCGs. The phagocytosis of both types of BCGs stimulated the phagocytic uptake of cPLGA and PSL MS's, which took place prior to the generation of TNF-alpha or NO, but that of E. coli suppressed the uptake of both MS's.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mycobacterial infection stimulated the phagocytic uptake toward cPLGA MS. These results suggest that RFP-PLGA MS is favorable for overcoming tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: Keishiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomoda
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inagawa
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kohchi
authors.forename: Gen-Ichiro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soma
authors.forename: Kimiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000276:immunology*; D008863:Microspheres; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000276:immunology*; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000276:immunology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010587:Phagocytosis; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D051381:Rats; D012293:Rifampin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D012293:Rifampin