title: Removal of adenovirus, calicivirus, and bacteriophages by conventional drinking water treatment.
abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the removal of adenovirus, feline calicivirus (FCV), and bacteriophages MS-2, fr, PRD-1, and Phi X-174 during conventional drinking water treatment using ferric chloride as a coagulant. Adenovirus and FCV were removed to a greater extent than PRD-1 and Phi X-174, indicating that these bacteriophages may be appropriate surrogates for both adenovirus and FCV. Of the four bacteriophages studied in the pilot plant, MS-2 was removed to the greatest extent (5.1 log), followed by fr (4.9 log), PRD-1 (3.5 log), and Phi X-174 (1.3 log). The virus removal trend in the pilot-scale testing was similar to the bench-scale testing; however, the bench-scale testing seemed to provide a conservative estimate of the pilot plant performance. In the pilot-scale testing, MS-2 and fr were removed with the greatest efficiency during filtration, whereas PRD-1 and Phi X-174 showed the greatest removal during sedimentation.
authors.affiliation: National Science Foundation Water Quality Center, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5306, USA. abbaszadegan@asu.edu
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abbaszadegan
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Nena
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nwachuku
authors.forename: Absar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alum
authors.forename: Hodon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ryu
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017927:Calicivirus, Feline / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005160:Facility Design and Construction; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000821:virology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014481:United States; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D014873:Water Pollutants