title: A new Inequity-in-Health Index based on Millennium Development Goals: methodology and validation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Developing a new Inequity-in-Health Index (IHI) assuming inequity as "inequality of health outcomes," based on Millennium Development Goals (MDG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ecological study. Countries from around the world were included from United Nations, the World Bank, and a nonprofit organization's databases. The reliability and validity of this bidimensional IHI was tested. Main factor analysis (promax rotation) and main component analysis were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six variables were used for constructing the IHI was constructed with six variables: underweight children, child mortality, death from malaria in children aged 0-4, death from malaria at all ages, births attended by skilled health personnel, and immunization against measles. The IHI had high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.8504), was reliable (Spearman>0.9, P=0.0000), and had 0.3033pi around the world (range: 0pi-0.5984pi). IHI had high correlation with the human development and poverty indexes, health gap indicator, life expectancy at birth, probability of dying before 40 years of age, and Gini coefficients (Spearman>0.7, P=0.0000). IHI discriminated countries by income, region, indebtedness, and corruption level (Kruskal Wallis, P<0.01). IHI had sensitivity to change (P=0.0000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IHI is a bidimensional, valid and reliable index to monitor MDG. A new reliable methodology for developing bidimensional indicators is shown, which could be used for constructing other ones with their corresponding scores and graphs.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. jheslavas@unal.edu.co
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eslava-Schmalbach
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alfonso
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oliveros
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gaitán
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agudelo
mesh_terms: D002669:Child Welfare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003906:Developing Countries; D014943:Global Health; D006040:Goals; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology; D009026:Mortality; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology