title: Incontinence-related skin damage: essential knowledge.
abstract: Incontinence-associated dermatitis, a clinical manifestation of moisture-associated skin damage, is a common consideration in patients with fecal and/or urinary incontinence. Among hospitalized patients, the prevalence rate has been found to be as high as 27%. Exposure to skin surface irritants may be a predictor and the condition, in turn, may be a factor in pressure ulcer risk because skin integrity is compromised. Differential diagnosis, usually based on visual examination, can help determine whether incontinence-associated dermatitis or a pressure ulcer is present. Prevention comprises following a structured skin care regimen that includes gentle cleansing, moisturization, and application of a skin protectant or moisture barrier. Treatment goals include protecting the skin from further exposure to irritants, establishing a healing environment, and eradicating any cutaneous infection. This concise review of relevant literature underscores the scant amount of evidence-based information available and highlights the need for further studies that involve comparing protocol and product efficacy to determine best practice for this oft-encountered condition.
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia, Department of Urology and School of Nursing, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. mg5k@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Mikel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gray
mesh_terms: D003872:Dermatitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D017592:Skin Care; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000150:complications*