title: Two or more enteropathogens are associated with diarrhoea in Mexican children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diarrhoeal diseases constitute a major public health problem, particularly in the developing world, where the rate of mortality and morbidity is very high. The purpose of this study was to conduct a 2 years and 3 months study in order to determine the prevalence of five enteropathogen diarrheogenic agents in Mexico City.
  
  
  METHODS
  Faecal samples were obtained from 300 Mexican children diagnosed as positive for diarrhoea, aged > 2 to < 12 years old, and from 80 children matched for age but with no symptoms of the disease (control group). Two multiplex PCR were used to detect Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp. In addition, the two protozoan parasites Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar and Giardia intestinalis were detected by conventional methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All diarrhoeal samples were positive for one or more enteropathogens. The most common enteropathogens in diarrhoeal samples were E. histolytica/E. dispar (70.3%), Salmonella (ohio 28.3%; typhimurium 16.3%; infantis 8%; anatum 0.6%; Newport 0.3%), G. intestinalis (33%), E. coli (ETEC 13.3%; EPEC 9.3%; VTEC 8.6%; EIEC 1%) and Shigella spp. (flexneri 1.6%, sonnei 1%). Infections by two (24%) three (16%) and four (12%) pathogens were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed that 52% of the patients were infected by more than one enteropathogen, notably E. histolitica/E. dispar and Salmonella ohio. These results are useful for clinicians to improve the empiric treatment used in such cases.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de Los Barrios, 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico. mya@servidor.unam.mx
authors.forename: Gloria Luz
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Paniagua
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monroy
authors.forename: Octavio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: García-González
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Erasmo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Negrete
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vaca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011528:Protozoan Infections / Q000469:parasitology*