title: Phenotypic and molecular characterization of beta-lactam resistance and capsular typing of colonizing Haemophilus influenzae strains isolated from neutropenic patients in Tunisia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the overall percentage of beta-lactams susceptibility, beta-lactamase production, penicillin binding protein (PBP) modification and serotypes of colonizing Haemophilus influenzae strains.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 isolates of colonized H. influenzae, isolated from neutropenic patients. The prevalence of beta-lactams resistance and beta-lactamase production were recorded for each strains using E-test strips and chromogenic cephalosporin test, then were determined their resistance genes (bla(TEM) and bla(ROB)) by PCR as well as their capsular types by standard slide agglutination serotyping (SAST) and capsular genes amplification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two percent of the 50 strains were amoxicillin resistant, among these, 20% were resistant by beta-lactamase production, and they produced all type TEM beta-lactamase. Four percent of the isolates had PBP modification and three strains (6%) associated the two resistance mechanisms. Slide agglutination serotyping showed that 95.8% of the strains were unencapsulated, and 4.1% were of serogroup b. The result was confirmed by PCR capsular typing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By the light of these results, our findings suggest that it becomes important to follow the evolution of the resistance background of our strains, and that the majority of colonizing H. influenzae strains isolated in our center are unencapsulated.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory unit, Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, rue Djebel-Lakdhar, Bab-Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Touati
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Achour
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ben Hassen
mesh_terms: D016667:Bacterial Capsules / Q000737:chemistry*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000382:microbiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D012703:Serotyping; D014416:Tunisia / Q000453:epidemiology; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D001618:beta-Lactamases