title: Cognitive outcome at early school age in term-born children with perinatally acquired middle cerebral artery territory infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess cognitive outcome at early school age in term-born children with middle cerebral arterial (MCA) territory infarction of perinatal onset and examine the correlation between cognitive abilities and the extent of lesions as seen on neonatal MRI, epilepsy, and hemiplegia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one children were seen as newborns with an acutely evolving MCA territory infarction documented on neonatal MRI scan. IQ was assessed (WIPPSI/WISC where appropriate) and they had a standardized neurological examination at early school age. Lesion(s) site was recorded from the neonatal images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight of 31 children were assessed (median age 5.75 range 5.33 to 10.33 years); 1 child died and 2 were abroad. IQ was within the normal range (mean 104, range 82 to 144) in 21 (78%); 1 child did not complete all tests but had a normal PIQ; 3 had a low and 3 an exceptionally low IQ. Verbal IQs were more varied and lower than performance IQs especially in children from multilingual backgrounds. There was no consistent association between cognitive impairment, side, or extent of the MCA lesion. Cognitive impairments were more frequent in children with seizures or hemiplegia. All 6 children with low IQ also had behavioral problems or unusual associated clinical or scan features.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our cohort a low IQ at early school age did not occur in children with the common presentation of neonatal unilateral MCA territory infarction. Cognitive impairment appeared more frequently when an MCA arterial territory infarction, even if relatively small, was associated with other risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London W12 OHS, UK.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mercuri
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rathbone
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cota
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Haataja
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rutherford
authors.forename: Lilly
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dubowitz
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cowan
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007360:Intelligence; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male