title: Conjugal transfer of the Salmonella enterica virulence plasmid in the mouse intestine.
abstract: BALB/c mice were infected with two Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains, one of which lacked the virulence plasmid. Transconjugants were found at high frequencies in the mouse feces and at low frequencies in the liver and the spleen, suggesting that mating occurred in the gut. Laboratory conditions that mimic those of the small intestine (microaerophilic growth in the presence of 0.3 M NaCl) increased the frequency of virulence plasmid transfer. Sodium deoxycholate, which is found at high concentrations in the duodenum, and sodium propionate, which is abundant in the large intestine, reduced the conjugation frequency. Feces inhibited conjugation. Altogether, these observations suggested that transfer of the virulence plasmid occurred in the distal portion of the small intestine. Conjugation trials in ileal loops provided direct evidence that conjugal transfer of the Salmonella virulence plasmid occurs in the ileum in mice.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, Sevilla 41080, Spain.
authors.forename: Meritxell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Quintanilla
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ramos-Morales
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casadesús
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003227:Conjugation, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D007082:Ileum / Q000382:microbiology; D007420:Intestine, Large / Q000382:microbiology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000382:microbiology; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000382:microbiology; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013045:Species Specificity; D013154:Spleen / Q000382:microbiology; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics