title: Acute effects of triiodothyronine (T3) replacement therapy in patients with chronic heart failure and low-T3 syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low-T(3) syndrome is a predictor of poor outcome in patients with cardiac dysfunction. The study aimed to assess the short-term effects of synthetic L-T(3) replacement therapy in patients with low-T(3) syndrome and ischemic or nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20 clinically stable patients with ischemic (n = 12) or nonischemic (n = 8) DC were enrolled. There were 10 patients (average age 72 yr, range 66-77; median, 25-75th percentile) who underwent 3-d synthetic L-T(3) infusion (study group); the other 10 patients (average age 68 yr, range 64-71) underwent placebo infusion (control group). Clinical examination, electrocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and bio-humoral profile (free thyroid hormones, TSH, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, noradrenaline, N-terminal-pro-B-Type natriuretic peptide, and IL-6) were assessed at baseline and after 3-d synthetic L-T(3) (initial dose: 20 microg/m(2) body surface.d) or placebo infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After T(3) administration, free T(3) concentrations increased until reaching a plateau at 24-48 h (3.43, 3.20-3.84 vs. 1.74, 1.62-1.93 pg/ml; P = 0.03) without side effects. Heart rate decreased significantly after T(3) infusion (63, 60-66 vs. 69, 60-76 beats per minute; P = 0.008). Plasma noradrenaline (347; 270-740 vs. 717, 413-808 pg/ml; P = 0.009), N-terminal pro-B-Type natriuretic peptide (3000, 438-4005 vs. 3940, 528-5628 pg/ml; P = 0.02), and aldosterone (175, 152-229 vs. 231, 154-324 pg/ml; P = 0.047) significantly decreased after T(3) administration. Neurohormonal profile did not change after placebo infusion in the control group. After synthetic L-T(3) administration, left-ventricular end-diastolic volume (142, 132-161 vs. 133, 114-158 ml/m(2) body surface; P = 0.02) and stroke volume (40, 34-44 vs. 35, 28-39 ml/m(2) body surface; P = 0.01) increased, whereas external and intracardiac workload did not change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In DC patients, short-term synthetic L-T(3) replacement therapy significantly improved neuroendocrine profile and ventricular performance. These data encourage further controlled trials with more patients and longer periods of synthetic L-T(3) administration.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Moruzzi 1 Località la Fontina, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pingitore
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barison
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iervasi
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scarlattini
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nucci
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: L'abbate
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mariotti
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iervasi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005067:Euthyroid Sick Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000503:physiopathology; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014284:Triiodothyronine