title: Anti-thyroid antibodies and thyroid dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis: prevalence and clinical value.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess thyroid function as well as the prevalence and clinical value of anti-thyroid antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy patients with active RA (ACR criteria), 9 males and 61 females, mean age 47 years (range 15-77) were analyzed. Anti-thyroperoxidase (TPOAb) and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) were tested using radioimmunoassay. Free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) serum levels were measured using electro-immunochemiluminescence (ECLIA, Elecsys Roche). Clinical variables, including tender and swollen joint count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP) and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were also evaluated. Statistics were performed by the SPSS statistical software for Windows.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six patients (37%) with RA were positive for TPOAb and 16 (23%) for TgAb. In 5 (7.1%) patients TSH level was slightly elevated, ranging between 4.52 and 15.65 UI/ml. The increase of TSH levels was associated with normal FT4 in 3 cases (4.2%) and with reduced FT4 in 2 cases (2.8%). One patient (1.5%) had low TSH serum value along with normal FT4. No differences in clinical and serological data between anti-thyroid positive and negative patients were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows an increased prevalence of anti-thyroid antibodies in RA patients with a low prevalence of hormonal alterations. However, anti-thyroid antibodies do not seem to identify any peculiar RA phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, L Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Atzeni
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doria
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghirardello
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turiel
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Batticciotto
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrabba
authors.forename: Piercarlo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sarzi-Puttini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000276:immunology; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; C006606:anti-thyroglobulin; D010544:Peroxidases