title: Effects of cell type and culture media on Interleukin-6 secretion in response to environmental particles.
abstract: Cultured lung cells provide an alternative to animal exposures for comparing the effects of different types of air pollution particles. Studies of particulate matter in vitro have reported proinflammatory cytokine signaling in response to many types of environmental particles, but there have been few studies comparing identical treatments in multiple cell types or identical cells with alternative cell culture protocols. We compared soil-derived, diesel, coal fly ash, titanium dioxide, and kaolin particles along with soluble vanadium and lipopolysaccharide, applied to airway-derived cells grown in submerged culture. Cell types included A549, BEAS-2B, RAW 264.7, and primary macrophages. The cell culture models (specific combinations of cell types and culture conditions) were reproducibly different in the cytokine signaling responses to the suite of treatments. Further, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) response to the treatments changed when the same cells, BEAS-2B, were grown in KGM versus LHC-9 media or in media containing bovine serum. The effect of changing media composition was reversible over multiple changes of media type. Other variables tested included culture well size and degree of confluence. The observation that sensitivity of a cell type to environmental agonists can be manipulated by modifying culture conditions suggests a novel approach for studying biochemical mechanisms of particle toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 30 South 2000 East, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA. John.Veranth@utah.edu
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Veranth
authors.forename: N Shane
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Cutler
authors.forename: Erin G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Kaser
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: Garold S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Yost
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004391:Dust; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D016207:Cytokines; D004391:Dust; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D015850:Interleukin-6; D052638:Particulate Matter