title: Comparative assessment of the incidence and severity of tardive dyskinesia in patients receiving aripiprazole or haloperidol for the treatment of schizophrenia: a post hoc analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To comparatively assess the incidence of tardive dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia receiving either aripiprazole or haloperidol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 2 controlled, long-term trials of subjects meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia treated with aripiprazole (N = 861, 20-30 mg/day) or haloperidol (N = 433, 5-10 mg/day) were analyzed. The primary outcome measure was the rate of new-onset tardive dyskinesia. The analysis was limited to patients without baseline tardive dyskinesia. There were no significant differences between treatment groups in demographic or disease characteristics. The Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) and Research Diagnostic Criteria for tardive dyskinesia were used to define the comparative incidence rates of long-term treatment-emergent tardive dyskinesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly lower percentage of aripiprazole-treated patients developed new-onset tardive dyskinesia compared with haloperidol-treated patients (p < .0001). The annualized rate of treatment-emergent tardive dyskinesia was significantly lower in aripiprazole-treated versus haloperidol-treated patients. In patients without a baseline diagnosis of tardive dyskinesia, aripiprazole significantly improved AIMS scores compared with haloperidol (p <or= .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the potential for a significantly lower risk of tardive dyskinesia with aripiprazole than with haloperidol among patients requiring maintenance antipsychotic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242-1000, USA. del-miller@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Del D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Eudicone
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pikalov
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010879:Piperazines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D010879:Piperazines; D015363:Quinolones; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D006220:Haloperidol