title: Effects of endocrine disruptors on dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase and enzymes involved in PAPS synthesis: genomic and nongenomic pathways.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sulfation plays an important role both in detoxification and in the control of steroid activity. Studies in rodents have shown that the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to DHEA-sulfate is involved in learning and the memory process.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of a range of plasticizers and related compounds commonly encountered in the environment were evaluated kinetically against human DHEA sulfotransferase (SULT 2A1) and by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) against several enzymes involved in the synthesis of the sulfotransferase cofactor adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that several of the chemicals acted as competitive inhibitors of SULT 2A1 (K(i) for 4-tert-octylphenol is 2.8 microM). Additionally, after treatment of TE 671 cells with 0.005-0.5 microM 4-n-octylphenol, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, and diisodecyl phthalate, real-time RT-PCR showed dose-dependent decreases in the steady-state mRNA levels of cysteine dioxygenase type I, sulfite oxidase, and 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate synthase I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that environmental contaminants may exert effects on neuronal function both by direct inhibition of sulfotransferase enzymes and by interrupting the supply of PAPS, which has wider implications for endocrine disruption and xenobiotic metabolism.
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom. R.M.Harris@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Nahid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Turan
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ramsden
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Waring
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D050558:Cysteine Dioxygenase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000378:metabolism; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity; D010724:Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate / Q000378:metabolism*; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000633:toxicity; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000633:toxicity; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013430:Sulfate Adenylyltransferase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050876:Sulfite Oxidase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015238:Sulfotransferases / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D010636:Phenols; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D010968:Plasticizers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D010724:Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate; C080417:4-octylphenol; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate; D050558:Cysteine Dioxygenase; D050876:Sulfite Oxidase; C022322:PAPS synthetase; D013430:Sulfate Adenylyltransferase; D015238:Sulfotransferases; C019998:dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase; C042080:diisodecyl phthalate