Induction of apoptosis in HT-29 colon cancer cells by phloretin.
Phloretin, which is present in apples and pears, has been found to inhibit the growth of several cancer cells and induce apoptosis of B16 melanoma and HL60 human leukemia cells. The present study examined whether and how phloretin induces apoptosis of HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Phloretin (0-100 micromol/L) substantially decreased viable cell number and induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis of total cell lysates revealed that phloretin increased the protein levels of Bax but had no effect on Bcl-2. In addition, phloretin induced cleavage of caspase-8, -9, -7, and -3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Furthermore, phloretin increased the levels of cytochrome c and Smac/Diablo in the cytosol. The present results indicate that phloretin inhibits HT-29 cell growth by inducing apoptosis, which may be mediated through changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability and activation of the caspase pathways.
Park
So Young
SY
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
Kim
Eun Ji
EJ
Shin
Hyun-Kyung
HK
Kwon
Dae Young
DY
Kim
Myung Sunny
MS
Surh
Young-Joon
YJ
Park
Jung Han Yoon
JH
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D010693:Phloretin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000032:analysis
D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D020169:Caspases; D010693:Phloretin