title: 1H NMR-based metabonomic analysis of urine from young spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their substrains are a useful model for studying essential hypertension which is a complex, polygenic, and multifactorial disorder. Their genetic and metabolic features are of great interest because they may provide insights into the mechanism of blood pressure regulation. We have compared urinary metabolic profiles of young SHR with those of their age-matched normotensive controls, Wistar Kyoto rats, using (1)H NMR-based metabonomics. Principal components analysis was applied to the NMR spectral data after data-reduced and normalized by the total integral or the creatinine integral. Consequently, a clear separation of urine samples between the two strains was observed in the principal components scores plot. The loadings plot from the data normalized by the creatinine integral showed that many metabolites such as citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and hippurate contributed to the separation, and the urinary levels of most metabolites used in this study, including these three, were lower in SHR than in Wistar Kyoto rats. These metabolic changes may be concerned with blood pressure regulation in SHR, although a relation to other strain differences cannot be ruled out. The present study suggests the usefulness of a (1)H NMR-based metabonomic approach using SHR in the field of hypertension research.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan. akira@cc.matsuyama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akira
authors.forename: Shigenori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masu
authors.forename: Misako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imachi
authors.forename: Hidemichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitome
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D006626:Hippurates / Q000652:urine; D006973:Hypertension / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008744:Methylamines / Q000652:urine; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY
chemical_list: D006626:Hippurates; D008744:Methylamines; D003404:Creatinine; C005855:trimethyloxamine; C030514:hippuric acid