title: Influence of chronic alcohol consumption on inward rectifier potassium channels in cerebral arterioles.
abstract: Inward rectifier potassium (K(IR)) channels appear to play an important role in the regulation of cerebral blood flow. Our goal was to examine the influence of chronic alcohol exposure on K(IR) channels in cerebral arterioles. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed liquid diets with or without alcohol for 8-12 weeks. Using intravital microscope, we measured diameter of pial arterioles in response to an inhibitor, BaCl(2), and an activator, KCl, of K(IR) channels in the absence and presence of a scavenger of reactive oxygen species, tempol, or an inhibitor of NAD(P)H oxidase, apocynin. Application of BaCl(2) (30 and 100 microM) produced dose-related vasoconstriction in non-alcohol-fed, but not in alcohol-fed rats. In addition, application of KCl (3, 10, and 30 mM) produced dose-related dilation in non-alcohol-fed and alcohol-fed rats, but the magnitude of vasodilatation was less in alcohol-fed rats. In contrast, nitroglycerin-induced vasodilation was similar in non-alcohol-fed and alcohol-fed rats. Superfusion of cranial window with tempol (0.1 mM) or apocynin (1 mM) did not alter baseline diameter and nitroglycerin-induced dilation of pial arterioles in non-alcohol-fed and alcohol-fed rats but significantly improved impaired KCl-induced dilation in alcohol-fed rats. Our findings suggest that chronic alcohol consumption impairs the role of K(IR) channels in basal tone and KCl-induced dilation of cerebral arterioles. In addition, impaired KCl-induced dilation of cerebral arterioles during alcohol consumption may be related to enhanced release of oxygen-derived free radicals via NAD(P)H oxidase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology 985850, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA. hsu1@unmc.edu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Honggang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Glenda M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Sharpe
authors.forename: Denise M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Arrick
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Mayhan
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017609:Barium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000633:toxicity*; D054022:Cerebrum / Q000098:blood supply*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004336:Drug Antagonism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017609:Barium Compounds; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D002712:Chlorides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C024986:barium chloride; D000431:Ethanol; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D005996:Nitroglycerin