[The HIV pandemic in the year 2007, an overview].
--40 million people are infected with HIV worldwide, the majority of whom (63%) are in sub-Saharan Africa. --While the absolute number of HIV infections continues to increase, the rate of growth of the pandemic is stabilising, possibly as a result of changes in sexual behaviour or a maturing ofthe epidemic in countries with high AIDS-related mortality. --80% of people infected with HIV that requires treatment do not have access to antiretroviral drugs. --A single dose of nevirapine given to mothers before delivery and to newborns after delivery can reduce the risk oftransmission to 10-15%. Only 9% of HIV-positive pregnant women worldwide have access to this method of prevention. --Two studies showed that male circumcision reduces the risk of HIV infection by 53-60%. --About 60 different vaginal microbicides are under investigation at this time; so far results with this approach have been disappointing. --More than 35 vaccines have been tested in clinical trials; none have appeared to be sufficiently effective. Most candidate vaccines under current investigation focus on T cell immunity. --Increasingly more people favour an 'opting-out' strategy for HIV testing.
Bartelsman
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Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, Amsterdam.
Veeken
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D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000285:Administration, Rectal; D017954:Africa South of the Sahara / Q000453:epidemiology; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000600:supply & distribution / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002944:Circumcision, Male; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015229:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000635:transmission
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents