title: Clinical and economic analyses of antimicrobial therapy in fever wards of a Hong Kong teaching hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to evaluate the use of antimicrobial agents in the fever wards of a Hong Kong teaching hospital and to identify those factors associated with treatment failure and having an influence on the total direct medical costs of antimicrobial therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective observational study. Demographic and clinical data were collected on 123 patients admitted to the fever wards in a local teaching hospital between July 2004 and August 2004. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with treatment failure and the total direct medical treatment cost.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of treatment failure was 30.1% (37 out of 123 patients). The mean total direct medical cost was HK$ 26,442 +/- 17,153 (US$ 1 = HK$ 7.8). The empirical therapy in 90 (73.2%) patients complied with the institutional guidelines. 25 (20.3%) patients were eligible for renal dosage adjustment and in 7 (28%) of these patients the dosage of antimicrobial agents was renally adjusted. Of the 27 patients in whom pathogens were identified, 9 (33.3%) patients were eligible for antimicrobial streamlining (changing to an antibiotic with a narrower spectrum) but streamlining was only done in 2 (22.2%) patients. Multivariate analysis showed that the history of malignant diseases (RR = 5.07; 95% CI = 1.06 - 24.22) and non-compliance with the institutional treatment guidelines for selection of empirical antimicrobial therapy (RR = 3.58; 95% CI = 1.35 - 9.54) were risk factors associated with treatment failure. Duration of intravenous antimicrobial therapy was associated with the total cost of treatment (RR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.35 - 2.10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-compliance with treatment guidelines in empirical antimicrobial treatment and the duration of intravenous antimicrobial therapy were modifiable risk factors for treatment failure and total treatment cost, respectively.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: C-F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.forename: D K M
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: R S M
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: J H S
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: You
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006723:Hong Kong; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents