title: Standardizing assessment of elderly people in acute care: the interRAI Acute Care instrument.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the frequency distributions and interrater reliability of individual items of the interRAI Acute Care instrument.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study of a representative sample of older inpatients; duplicate assessments conducted on a subsample by independent assessors to examine interrater reliability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute medical, acute geriatric and orthopedic units in 13 hospitals in nine countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred thirty-three patients aged 70 and older (mean age 82.4, range 70-102) with an anticipated stay of 48 hours or longer of whom 161 received duplicate assessments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two clinical items across 11 domains. Premorbid (3-day observation period before onset of the acute illness) and admission (the first 24 hours of hospital stay) assessments were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of deficits exceeded 30% for most items, ranging from 1% for physically abusive behavior to 86% for the need for support in activities of daily living after discharge. Common deficits were in cognitive skills for daily decision-making (38% premorbid, 54% at admission), personal hygiene (37%, 65%), and walking (39%, 71%). Interrater reliability was substantial in the premorbid period (average kappa=0.61) and admission period (average kappa=0.66). Of the 69 items tested, less than moderate agreement (kappa<0.4) was recorded for six (9%), moderate agreement (kappa=0.41-0.6) for 14 (20%), substantial agreement (kappa=0.61-0.8) for 40 (58%), and almost perfect agreement (kappa>0.8) for nine (13%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Initial assessment of the psychometric properties of the interRAI Acute Care instrument provided evidence that item selection and interrater reliability are appropriate for clinical application. Further studies are required to examine the validity of embedded scales, diagnostic algorithms, and clinical protocols.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit in Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. len.gray@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Len C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bernabei
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Harriet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Finne-Soveri
authors.forename: Brant E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Fries
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hirdes
authors.forename: Pálmi V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Jónsson
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Knight
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steel
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ariño-Blasco
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results