title: Differential diagnosis of primary malignant bone tumors in the spine and sacrum. The radiological and clinical spectrum: minireview.
abstract: Although primary malignant tumors of the spine and sacrum are described in all orthopedic textbooks, it is still remarkable how little attention is paid to differential diagnosis of persisting lower back pain and how to detect in special the underlying tumor disease. Chordoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, plasmacytoma, lymphoma and Ewing's sarcoma, their radiological manifestation, age distribution and preferred location in the spine and sacrum are reviewed and discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany. stefan.knoeller@uniklinik-freiburg.de
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Knoeller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uhl
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gahr
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Herget
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D012447:Sacrum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000175:diagnosis; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed