title: R. A. Fisher and his advocacy of randomization.
abstract: The requirement of randomization in experimental design was first stated by R. A. Fisher, statistician and geneticist, in 1925 in his book Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Earlier designs were systematic and involved the judgment of the experimenter; this led to possible bias and inaccurate interpretation of the data. Fisher's dictum was that randomization eliminates bias and permits a valid test of significance. Randomization in experimenting had been used by Charles Sanders Peirce in 1885 but the practice was not continued. Fisher developed his concepts of randomizing as he considered the mathematics of small samples, in discussions with "Student," William Sealy Gosset. Fisher published extensively. His principles of experimental design were spread worldwide by the many "voluntary workers" who came from other institutions to Rothamsted Agricultural Station in England to learn Fisher's methods.
authors.affiliation: University of Delaware Academic Center, Georgetown, DE 19947, USA. nhall@udel.edu
authors.forename: Nancy S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D011897:Random Allocation; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000266:history*; D012107:Research Design