title: Identification of matrix metalloproteinase 11 as a predictive tumor marker in serum based on gene expression profiling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prognostic markers discovery is a strategy for early diagnosis and individualization therapy for human cancer. In this study, we focus to integrate different methods to identify specific biomarker and elucidate its clinical significance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A powerful tool named Digital Gene Expression Display online was applied to isolate differentially expressed genes correlated with gastric cancer. Matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP11) was selected and confirmed at both mRNA and protein level in 10 cell lines, 123 cases of tumor tissues, and 305 cases of gastric cancer serum specimen by semiquantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry staining, and ELISA techniques, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data showed that overexpression of MMP11 at mRNA and protein level was consistently detected in cell lines and primary tumors compared with matched normal tissues. Importantly, serum MMP11 levels were also significantly elevated in gastric cancer patients compared with those of the control subjects (P < 0.001), and the positive expression was well correlated with metastasis in gastric cancer patients (P = 0.009). Furthermore, we have shown that overexpression of MMP11 was associated with the malignant proliferation of AGS cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination of gene expression profiling and specific clinical resource is a promising approach to validate gene expression patterns associated with malignant phenotype. As a secreted protein, MMP11 may play an important role in carcinogenesis and has potential implication as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of human cancers including gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Wen-Mei
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qing-Yun
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-Ting
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Bai
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Hai-Hong
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Pai-Li
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: You-Yong
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D015723:Gene Library; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D053507:Matrix Metalloproteinase 11 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053507:Matrix Metalloproteinase 11