title: What do we see in a tilted square? A validation of the figure independence scale.
abstract: The Figure Independence Scale (FIS) assesses people's preference for abstract figures that represent uniqueness. As psychological manifestations of cultural values cohere among each other within a cultural system, the authors argue that preference for uniqueness, as a psychological manifestation of the value for independence, can be used as an indirect measure of this value. Four studies examine the convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of the FIS. The results indicate that liking for abstract, unique figures coheres with other specific manifestations of the value for independence (i.e., responses to explicit independence scale, need for personal control, liking for independence themes in advertisements, and use of social coping) and thus can be used as a measure of individuals' more global endorsement of this individualistic value.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Santa Barbara 93106-9660, USA. kim@psych.ucsb.edu
authors.forename: Heejung S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Sherman
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002140:California; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D009519:New York City; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011593:Psychology, Social / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires