title: Association of dry tongue to pyrexia in long-term hospitalized patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The oral care of hospitalized elderly patients is thought to have a preventive effect on aspiration pneumonia, which is one of the main causes of fever. Although the decreased secretion of saliva is frequently observed in elderly people, no study has examined how a dry oral cavity affects aspiration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to assess the association of dry tongue to pyrexia. As the main outcome measure, pyrexia of hospitalized patients with dry tongue was adjusted for dysphagia and other variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a 6-month cohort study on 106 hospitalized patients. Tongue dorsum moisture was measured using a simple method with a membrane filter (L-Salivo) at baseline examination. Dysphagia and other covariates which could cause fever were also examined. Pyrexia of the subjects during the 6-month study period was analyzed with baseline data of dry tongue adjusted for dysphagia and other variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with a dry tongue (odds ratio 5.76; 95% confidence interval 1.72-19.30; p = 0.005) and those with severe dysphagia (odds ratio 19.47; 95% confidence interval 5.13-73.88; p < 0.0001) had an increased risk of having >or=2 febrile days in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The result suggests that a dry tongue dorsum is a significant risk factor for pyrexia, independent of dysphagia. Checking for a dry tongue and dysphagia can be useful for identifying patients who need intensive oral care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health, Unit of Social Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan. syto@nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oobayashi
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimazaki
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwasa
authors.forename: Fumikazu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nabeshima
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikematsu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000150:complications; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D014059:Tongue