title: Cognitive factors in panic disorder, agoraphobic avoidance and agoraphobia.
abstract: There remains a lack of consensus regarding the possibility that especially high levels of panic-related cognitions characterise panic disorder with agoraphobia. We administered the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire and the Anxious Thoughts and Tendencies Scale as well as measures of agoraphobic avoidance to patients diagnosed with panic disorder with agoraphobia (n=75) and without agoraphobia (n=26). Patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia did not score significantly higher on any of the cognitive variables than did panic disorder patients without agoraphobia. However, most of the cognitive variables showed small to moderate-strength correlations with self-report measures of agoraphobic avoidance. Our findings suggest that anxiety sensitivity, catastrophising of the consequences of panic and a general anxiety-prone cognitive style, although to some extent associated with agoraphobic avoidance, do not discriminate panic disorder with agoraphobia from panic disorder without agoraphobia.
authors.affiliation: Nepean Anxiety Disorders Clinic, Sydney West Area Health Service, Nepean Hospital, P.O. Box 63, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia. dberle@bigpond.net.au
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berle
authors.forename: Vladan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Starcevic
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hannan
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milicevic
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lamplugh
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fenech
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000379:Agoraphobia / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D001007:Anxiety; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012718:Set, Psychology