title: Insight into missing genetic links between two evening-expressed pseudo-response regulator genes TOC1 and PRR5 in the circadian clock-controlled circuitry in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: In Arabidopsis thaliana, many circadian clock-associated genes have been identified. Among them, the evening-expressed TOC1 (TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1) gene plays a role by forming a transcriptional feedback core loop together with the morning-expressed CCA1 (CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1) gene and its homologous LHY (LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL) gene. TOC1 encodes a member of the PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR (PRR) family, including PRR9, PRR7, PRR5, PRR3,and PRR1/TOC1. The PRR genes other than TOC1 (or PRR1) also appear to be crucial for certain circadian-associated events. To clarify missing genetic linkages amongst these PRR genes, here we constructed a toc1 prr5 double knockdown mutant. In free-running circadian rhythms, the resulting toc1-2 prr5-11 mutant plants showed an extremely short period and reduced amplitude phenotype, which was more severe than that of the toc1-2 single mutant plant, suggesting a non-linear genetic interaction between TOC1 and PRR5. Surprisingly, the hallmark early flowering phenotype of toc1-2 in the short-day conditions had been converted to a markedly late flowering phenotype in the long-day conditions, when combined with the prr5-11 allele, which itself showed a subtle flowering phenotype. This unexpected genetic result (i.e. phenotypic sign conversion) suggested that the TOC1 and PRR5 genes are coordinately implicated in a non-linear and closed genetic circuitry. In the toc1-2 prr5-11 double mutant, the diurnal expression profile of CDF1 (CYCLING DOF FACTOR 1) was markedly de-repressed in the evening in the long-day conditions. These and other results of this study led us to propose the novel view that TOC1 might play bipartite roles in the control of flowering time within a closed circuitry; the one is a GI (GIGANTEA)-dependent negative role through CCA1/LHY, and the other is a CDF1-dependent positive role through cooperating closely with PRR5.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, School of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan. ito.shogo@f.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: Norihito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakamichi
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashino
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizuno
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000235:genetics*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D009154:Mutation; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C523307:PRR5 protein, Arabidopsis; C411822:TOC1 protein, Arabidopsis; D014157:Transcription Factors