title: Can digital rectal examination or transrectal ultrasonography biopsy findings predict the side of nodal metastasis in prostate cancer?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the use of several preoperative parameters in predicting the side of pelvic lymph node metastasis in patients with prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review (January 1982 to February 2004) identified 106 men with pathology proven lymph node positive prostate cancer for whom complete medical records were available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median serum prostate-specific antigen at diagnosis was 11 ng/ml with the clinical stage T1C in 9 patients, T2 in 68, and T3 in 29. The Gleason score on transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) biopsy was < or =6 in 13, 7 in 41, and > or =8 in 52. A total of 93 patients had documented pretreatment digital rectal examination (DRE) findings: 54 had a unilaterally suspicious DRE, and 31 had a bilaterally suspicious DRE. Of patients with a unilaterally positive DRE, 30 had ipsilateral lymph node metastasis, 16 contralateral, and 8 bilateral. DRE showed a 71% sensitivity and 29% false-negative rate in predicting the side of nodal metastasis. A total of 98 patients had documented TRUS biopsy findings: 37 had unilaterally positive TRUS biopsies and 61 bilaterally positive biopsies. Of patients with unilaterally positive TRUS biopsies, 20 had ipsilateral lymph node metastasis, 11 contralateral, and 6 bilateral. TRUS biopsies showed an 86% sensitivity and 14% false-negative rate in predicting the side of nodal metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DRE and TRUS biopsies do not accurately predict the side of pelvic lymph node metastasis and should not determine the extent of the pelvic lymphadenectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Philippe E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Spiess
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Busby
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: Jordan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: Roland L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Bassett
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davuluri
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Burt
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Troncoso
authors.forename: Andrew K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sarah H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Louis L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Pisters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010808:Physical Examination; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography