title: Effects of melanotan II, a melanocortin agonist, on grooming and exploration in rats after repeated restraint/immobilization.
abstract: 2mg/kg melanotan II (MTII, administered i.p.), a cyclic peptide analog of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, at a single dose increased grooming in naive rats placed in an unfamiliar open-field device without changing locomotion or rearing. Male rats exposed to restraint/immobilization stress (IS) for 1h on three consecutive days displayed increased grooming after the second stressor exposure, compared to pre-stress levels. MTII, administered to the rats after IS, enhanced the grooming response compared both to the pre- and post-stress values. The increase was greatest after the first dose and declined over the following two applications. As to the locomotion of rats in the entire experimental space, IS reduced the distance moved only after the first two stressor exposures; MTII did not influence these alterations. Locomotion in the central part of arena was not reduced by the stressor or by MTII, on the contrary, there was an increase in both groups after the third intervention. The only observed change in rearing was an increase in the MTII group after the third restraint exposure. Thus, MTII selectively increased grooming without markedly affecting the spatio-temporal structure of locomotor behavior in the open-field. The decline of MTII enhanced grooming over the three test days may be interpreted in terms of adaptation to the stressor and of the developing tolerance to the peptide.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemical Neuropharmacology, Medical Biochemistry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Klenerová
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Krejcí
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sída
authors.forename: Zdenek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hlinák
authors.forename: Sixtus
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hynie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006120:Grooming / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D053486:Melanocortins / Q000819:agonists; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D000521:alpha-MSH / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D053486:Melanocortins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C079282:melanotan-II; D000521:alpha-MSH