Production and functions of IL-17 in microglia.
Interleukin (IL)-17-producing helper T cells may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Here, we examined the effects of IL-17 on microglia, which are known to be critically involved in multiple sclerosis. Treatment with IL-17 upregulated the microglial production of IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, nitric oxide, adhesion molecules, and neurotrophic factors. We also found that IL-17 was produced by microglia in response to IL-23 or IL-1beta. Because microglia produce IL-1beta and IL-23, these cytokines may act in an autocrine manner to induce IL-17 expression in microglia, and thereby contribute to autoimmune diseases, such as MS, in the central nervous system.
Kawanokuchi
Jun
J
Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusaku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
Shimizu
Kouki
K
Nitta
Atsumi
A
Yamada
Kiyofumi
K
Mizuno
Tetsuya
T
Takeuchi
Hideyuki
H
Suzumura
Akio
A
D000818:Animals; D019898:Autocrine Communication; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D053759:Interleukin-23 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053722:Receptors, Interleukin-17 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; C404915:Cxcl2 protein, mouse; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D020381:Interleukin-17; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D053759:Interleukin-23; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053722:Receptors, Interleukin-17; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide