title: Case finding of lifestyle and mental health disorders in primary care: validation of the 'CHAT' tool.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary care is accessible and ideally placed for case finding of patients with lifestyle and mental health risk factors and subsequent intervention. The short self-administered Case-finding and Help Assessment Tool (CHAT) was developed for lifestyle and mental health assessment of adult patients in primary health care. This tool checks for tobacco use, alcohol and other drug misuse, problem gambling, depression, anxiety and stress, abuse, anger problems, inactivity, and eating disorders. It is well accepted by patients, GPs and nurses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess criterion-based validity of CHAT against a composite gold standard.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conducted according to the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy statement for diagnostic tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary care practices in Auckland, New Zealand.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand consecutive adult patients completed CHAT and a composite gold standard. Sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratios were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Response rates for each item ranged from 79.6 to 99.8%. CHAT was sensitive and specific for almost all issues screened, except exercise and eating disorders. Sensitivity ranged from 96% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 87 to 99%) for major depression to 26% (95% CI = 22 to 30%) for exercise. Specificity ranged from 97% (95% CI = 96 to 98%) for problem gambling and problem drug use to 40% (95% CI = 36 to 45%) for exercise. All had high likelihood ratios (3-30), except exercise and eating disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CHAT is a valid and acceptable case-finding tool for most common lifestyle and mental health conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand. f.goodyear-smith@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: Felicity
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goodyear-Smith
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Coupe
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arroll
authors.forename: C Raina
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Elley
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Anne-Thea
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: McGill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005194:Family Practice; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009520:New Zealand; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011581:Psychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity