title: Hepatic inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in hepatitis C virus-human immunodeficiency virus co-infection.
abstract: Although epidemiologic studies have documented that hepatitis C virus (HCV)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infected patients have accelerated fibrogenesis, especially those with CD4+ cell counts <200 cells/mm(3), the pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood. We investigated whether severe immunodeficiency in co-infection is associated with changes in intrahepatic inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels. We measured interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-12p35 and IL-12p40 mRNA levels by real-time PCR performed on liver samples from HCV mono-infected (n = 19) and HCV/HIV co-infected (n = 24) patients. Co-infected patients had decreased intrahepatic mRNA levels of IFN-gamma (P = 0.09), IL-4 (P = 0.05) and IL-12p35 (P = 0.04) compared with mono-infected patients, while IL-10 was increased (P = 0.07). In co-infected patients, IFN-gamma mRNA levels increased linearly with increasing peripheral CD4+ cell counts by 1.23 times relative to the calibrator for every 100 CD4+ cells/mm(3) increase (P = 0.02). No other cytokines were significantly associated with CD4+ cell counts. In conclusion, HIV-induced lymphopenia may result in hepatic inflammatory cytokine suppression in HCV/HIV co-infection. Intrahepatic IFN-gamma levels are significantly reduced in patients with advanced immunodeficiency. Further studies are needed to assess whether decreased IFN-gamma secretion by HCV-specific CD4+ cells may account for accelerated fibrogenesis in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Hepatitis C and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065-4896, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Fiel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Talal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger