title: Safety and tolerability of oral paliperidone extended-release tablets in elderly patients with schizophrenia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with six-month open-label extension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this multicenter, international study was to evaluate safety and tolerability of paliperidone extended-release (ER) tablets in elderly (age > or =65 years) patients with schizophrenia. The authors conducted a 6-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, optional 24-week open-label extension study. Interventions consisted of flexible, once-daily doses of paliperidone ER (3-12 mg/day; 6-mg starting dose, adjusted in 3-mg dose increments) or placebo (2:1) during double-blind treatment and paliperidone ER only during open-label treatment. Measurements included adverse events, laboratory tests, physical examinations, 12-lead electrocardiograms, movement disorder rating scales, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and Clinical Global Impression scale. The study was not powered to show statistical differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients (N = 114) were predominantly female (73%); mean age was 70 years (double-blind phase). Concomitant disease presence was consistent with that of an older population. During the double-blind phase, discontinuation rates resulting from adverse events were similar between groups (paliperidone ER: 7%, placebo: 8%) as were incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events (paliperidone ER: 67%, placebo: 71%). Serious adverse events occurred in 3% of the paliperidone ER- and 8% of the placebo-treated patients. Elevated prolactin levels occurred in approximately one half of patients. No prolactin- or glucose treatment-related adverse events or noteworthy mean changes in body weight (0 kg [standard deviation: 2.1] and 0 kg [standard deviation: 2.3] for paliperidone ER and placebo, respectively) were observed. Safety and tolerability results in the extension were consistent with the shorter-term results. Efficacy measures did not show consistent statistical improvement between treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paliperidone ER (3-12 mg/day) treatment over a 30-week period was generally well-tolerated and may improve symptom severity in elderly patients with schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tzimos
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Samokhvalov
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gassmann-Mayer
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Mariëlle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eerdekens
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D000068882:Paliperidone Palmitate; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D007555:Isoxazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000068882:Paliperidone Palmitate