title: Surgical correction of blepharoptosis using the levator aponeurosis-Müller's muscle complex readaptation technique: a 15-year experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Palpebral ptosis is defined as abnormal drooping of the upper lid, caused by partial or total reduction in levator muscle function. It may be caused by various abnormalities, both congenital and acquired. The aim of this article is to report the long-term follow-up of results obtained with the levator aponeurosis-Müller's muscle complex readaptation technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a clinical study, 144 eyelids (102 patients) affected by congenital or acquired blepharoptosis were treated using the levator aponeurosis-Müller's muscle complex readaptation technique. Degree of ptosis and levator function were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. All patients were followed up for 1 year, 54 of them for 3 years, 22 for 5 years, and 12 for 10 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete correction or mild residual ptosis was achieved in over 83 percent. All ptosis with preoperative levator function greater than 8 mm was completely corrected, whereas eyelids with poor or absent levator function showed a variable degree of postoperative correction and a statistically significant difference. Ptosis correction between eyelids with levator function greater than 8 mm or less than 8 mm was analyzed statistically using the McNemar test for paired data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This surgical technique is effective in both acquired and congenital ptosis. In particular, the authors obtained better results in those with fair to good (> 8 mm) levator function than in those with poor or absent (< or = 8 mm) levator function.
authors.affiliation: Rome and Perugia, Italy From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Rome La Sapienza; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rome La Sapienza, St. Andrea Hospital; and Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Perugia.
authors.forename: Nicolò
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scuderi
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiummariello
authors.forename: Federico De
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gado
authors.forename: Carmine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alfano
authors.forename: GianLuca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scuderi
authors.forename: Santi Maria
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Recupero
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged