Pulmonary cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant recipients: clinical relevance of serum cryptococcal antigen.
BACKGROUND
The role of serum cryptococcal antigen in the diagnosis and determinants of antigen positivity in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with pulmonary cryptococcosis has not been fully defined.


METHODS
We conducted a prospective, multicenter study of SOT recipients with pulmonary cryptococcosis during 1999-2006.


RESULTS
Forty (83%) of 48 patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis tested positive for cryptococcal antigen. Patients with concomitant extrapulmonary disease were more likely to have a positive antigen test result (P=.018), and antigen titers were higher in patients with extrapulmonary disease (P=.003) or fungemia (P=.045). Patients with single nodules were less likely to have a positive antigen test result than were those with all other radiographic presentations (P=.053). Among patients with isolated pulmonary cryptococcosis, lung transplant recipients were less likely to have positive cryptococcal antigen test results than were recipients of other types of SOT (P=.003). In all, 38% of the patients were asymptomatic or had pulmonary cryptococcosis detected as an incidental finding. Nodular densities or mass lesions were more likely to present as asymptomatic or incidentally detected pulmonary cryptococcosis than as pleural effusions and infiltrates (P=.008).


CONCLUSIONS
A positive serum cryptococcal antigen test result in SOT recipients with pulmonary cryptococcosis appears to reflect extrapulmonary or more advanced radiographic disease.
Singh
Nina
N
University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. nis5@pitt.edu
Alexander
Barbara D
BD
Lortholary
Olivier
O
Dromer
Françoise
F
Gupta
Krishan L
KL
John
George T
GT
del Busto
Ramon
R
Klintmalm
Goran B
GB
Somani
Jyoti
J
Lyon
G Marshall
GM
Pursell
Kenneth
K
Stosor
Valentina
V
Muñoz
Patricia
P
Limaye
Ajit P
AP
Kalil
Andre C
AC
Pruett
Timothy L
TL
Garcia-Diaz
Julia
J
Humar
Atul
A
Houston
Sally
S
House
Andrew A
AA
Wray
Dannah
D
Orloff
Susan
S
Dowdy
Lorraine A
LA
Fisher
Robert A
RA
Heitman
Joseph
J
Wagener
Marilyn M
MM
Husain
Shahid
S
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D016469:Fungemia / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D016919:Meningitis, Cryptococcal / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014181:Transplantation Immunology
D000946:Antigens, Fungal