title: Adipocytokine and ghrelin levels in relation to cardiovascular disease risk factors in women at midlife: longitudinal associations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are limited data concerning the relationships between changes in adipocytokines and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the longitudinal associations between leptin, adiponectin, resistin and ghrelin levels and CVD risk factor levels in women at midlife.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Leptin, adiponectin, resistin, ghrelin levels and CVD risk factors were measured in specimens collected from 40 women at 3 points in time corresponding to the pre-, peri- and postmenopause stages of their natural menopause transition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In longitudinal analyses adjusted for CVD risk factors and leptin at the previous menopausal stage, aging, education, smoking and physical activity, greater increases in leptin over the menopause transition were associated with greater decreases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and greater increases in diastolic blood pressure, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance (all P < 0.05). Larger decreases in adiponectin over the menopause transition were associated with greater increases in systolic blood pressure, insulin and insulin resistance and with greater decreases in HDL-c. Greater increases in ghrelin levels over the menopausal transition were associated with greater low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increases (P = 0.014). Resistin was not associated with CVD risk factor changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were significant adverse associations of adipocytokines and ghrelin with multiple CVD risk factor changes in women across midlife. Given that this time period is dynamic for CVD risk, these data underscore the need for additional prospective studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. rwildman@aecom.yu.edu
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Wildman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mancuso
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sowers
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008593:Menopause / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D054439:Ghrelin; D052243:Resistin