title: In the squid axon Na+/Ca2+ exchanger the state of the Ca i-regulatory site influences the affinities of the intra- and extracellular transport sites for Na+ and Ca2+.
abstract: In squid axons, intracellular Mg2+ reduces the activity of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger by competing with Ca2+ i for its regulatory site. The state of the Ca i-regulatory site (active-inactive) also alters the apparent affinity of intra- and extracellular transport sites. Conditions that hinder the binding of Ca2+ i (low pH i, low [Ca2+]i, high [Mg2+]i) diminish the apparent affinity of intracellular transport sites, in particular for Na i due to its synergism with H+ inhibition, but less noticeably for Ca2+ i because of its antagonism towards (Ha i + Na+ i) and Mg2+ i inhibitions. These are kinetic effects unrelated to the true affinity of the sites. With the Ca i-regulatory site saturated, the intracellular transporting sites are insensitive to [H+]i and to ATP. Likewise, the state of the Ca i-regulatory site (activated or inactivated) influences the affinity of the extracellular Ca o and Na o-transport sites (trans effects). In this case, the effects are opposite to those predicted by any of the transport schemes proposed for the Na+/Ca2+exchanger; i.e. its mechanism remains unexplained. In addition to their intrinsic importance for a full understanding of the properties of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, these findings show a new way by which the state of the Ca i-regulatory site may determine net movements of Ca2+ through this system.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, IVIC, Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Reinaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: DiPolo
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beaugé
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism*; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D049834:Loligo; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D012964:Sodium; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium