title: DNA typing by microbead arrays and PCR-SSP: apparent false-negative or -positive hybridization or amplification signals disclose new HLA-B and -DRB1 alleles.
abstract: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO) hybridization on solid phase (microbead assay) or polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) requires interpretation softwares to detect all possible allele combinations. These programs propose allele calls by taking into account false-positive or false-negative signal(s). The laboratory has the option to validate typing results in the presence of strongly cross-reacting or apparent false-negative signals. Alternatively, these seemingly aberrant signals may disclose novel variants. We report here four new HLA-B (B*5620 and B*5716) and HLA-DRB1 alleles (DRB1*110107 and DRB1*1474) that were detected by apparent false-negative or -positive hybridization or amplification patterns, and ultimately resolved by sequencing. To avoid allele misassignments, a comprehensive evaluation of acquired data as documented in a quality assurance system is therefore required to confirm unambiguous typing interpretation.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Immunology Unit/LNRH, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahal
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kervaire
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Villard
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tiercy
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001483:Base Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D015235:HLA-B Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008863:Microspheres; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D015235:HLA-B Antigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D004247:DNA