title: The effect of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) on chronic periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents inhibit the production of cyclooxygenase (COX) products and can attenuate bone loss. In this double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial, the efficacy of celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) was evaluated in conjunction with scaling and root planing (SRP) in subjects with chronic periodontitis (CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 131 subjects were randomized to receive SRP and either celecoxib (200 mg) or placebo every day for 6 months. Clinical outcomes were assessed every 3 months for 12 months as mean changes from baseline. Primary efficacy parameters included clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing depth (PD). Secondary outcomes included percentages of tooth sites with CAL loss or gain > or =2 mm, changes in bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index, and mobility. Prior to analysis, tooth sites were grouped based on baseline PD as shallow (1 to 3 mm), moderate (4 to 6 mm), or deep (> or =7 mm).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean PD reduction and CAL gain were greater in the celecoxib group, primarily in moderate and deep sites, throughout the study (PD: 3.84 mm versus 2.06 mm, P <0.001; CAL: 3.74 mm versus 1.43 mm, P <0.0001 for deep sites at 12 months). The celecoxib group also exhibited a greater percentage of sites with > or =2 mm CAL gain and fewer sites with > or =2 mm CAL loss. Both groups showed improved plaque control and BOP scores. Demographic, social, and behavioral factors did not affect treatment outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Celecoxib can be an effective adjunctive treatment to SRP to reduce progressive attachment loss in subjects with CP. Its beneficiary effect persisted even at 6 months postadministration. However, given the increased cardiovascular risks associated with the use of this drug, close patient supervision and strict adherence to dosage and administration guidelines established by the Unites States Food and Drug Administration are of paramount importance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA. cyen01@tufts.edu
authors.forename: C Alec
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Petros D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Damoulis
authors.forename: Paul C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: Patricia L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Hibberd
authors.forename: Medha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Athena S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Papas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068579:Celecoxib; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D012534:Dental Scaling; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D010919:Placebos; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016745:Root Planing; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014086:Tooth Mobility / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D010919:Placebos; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000068579:Celecoxib