title: Methylation of TIMP3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the frequency of DNA methylation of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) promoter and relate this to any change of gene expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in patients from a region of high incidence in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cancer cell lines were treated with or without the demethylating reagent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Methylation of the TIMP3 promoter was assessed in three regions by melt curve analysis and its expression was assessed by real-time RT-PCR. Tumors and proximal resection margins were obtained from 64 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from a region of high incidence in China. Methylation was assessed by melt curve analysis and expression by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Methylation in one of the three promoter regions assessed correlated with gene silencing in esophageal cell lines. A degree of methylation of TIMP3 was found in only four esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, and partial loss of TIMP3 protein expression in just one.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Methylation and loss of expression of TIMP3 occurs infrequently in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a region of high incidence in China.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia 5005, Australia. eric.smith@adelaide.edu.au
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Neville J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: De Young
authors.forename: Zi-Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ruszkiewicz
authors.forename: Jun-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Glyn G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Jamieson
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Drew
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C088390:TIMP3 protein, human; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3