title: Individually addressable microelectrode array for monitoring oxygen and nitric oxide release.
abstract: We have fabricated a six individual addressable gold working electrode microarray. The device is wirebonded to an eight-pin DIL package that can be easily interconnected to an external multi-channel potentiostat. A polyion complex film coating on the electrode surface provides a suitable coating for the growth of cells. The responses of oxygen and nitric oxide were assessed on uncoated and coated devices using electroanalytical methods. The film coating reduced the diffusion current by approximately 20% in both cases. No changes in the electrochemical mechanism were observed. Simultaneous recordings were obtained for 2 h in the presence of the cells, thus the device is stable for the duration of the bioanalytical measurements. Measurements were conducted to study the simultaneous changes in oxygen and nitric oxide levels in cultured fibroblast cells in the presence of growth hormones that cause cell proliferation. Increases in oxygen consumption of the cells were coupled with increases in nitric oxide levels when in the presence of the growth hormones. Use of a biological detergent to cause an oxidative burst resulted in a large increase in the current for potentials set to detect nitric oxide and oxygen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. bhavik.a.patel@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: Bhavik Anil
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arundell
authors.forename: Ruben G W
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Quek
authors.forename: Severin L R
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Florence
authors.forename: Anthony E G
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Cass
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schor
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Hare
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts; D006801:Humans; D008839:Microelectrodes; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis*; D017975:Ruthenium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017975:Ruthenium Compounds; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010100:Oxygen