title: Association of aortic atherosclerosis and renal dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both aortic atherosclerosis (AA) and renal dysfunction are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We sought to assess the association between AA and renal dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study consisted of 200 consecutive patients (62% were male, mean age 69 +/- 11 years) who underwent transesophageal echocardiography. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. On transesophageal echocardiography, descending and aortic arch atherosclerosis were recorded (in millimeters) using off-line planimetry. The patients were graded with normal AA (group 1, n = 83), mild AA (< or =4 mm in thickness, group 2, n = 53), or severe AA (>4 mm in thickness or complex, group 3, n = 64). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (expressed as milliliters/minute/1.73 meters squared) was calculated as 186 x (serum creatinine(-1.154)) x (age(-0.203)) x 1.212 (if black) x 0.742 (if female).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean GFR decreased significantly with increasing severity of AA (89 +/- 20 for group 1, 72 +/- 20 for group 2, and 49 +/- 23 for group 3, P < .001). Seventy-three percent of patients with severe atherosclerosis compared with 16% patients with no or mild AA had moderate-severe renal dysfunction (GFR < 60; P < .001). On multiple logistic regression, only the size of the AA and the presence of diabetes mellitus were associated with severe (GFR < 30) renal dysfunction (P < .001, odds ratio 65). On receiver operating curve analysis, the area under the curve for AA predicting severe renal dysfunction was 0.90 (P < .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There exists a strong association between AA and renal dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. desaim2@ccf.org
authors.forename: Milind Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Deborah H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Deepu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Sunil V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Mankad
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Popovic
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: DeCastro
authors.forename: H Joachim
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Nasser
authors.forename: Ayan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuvin
authors.forename: Natesa G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Pandian
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index