title: Relationships among premorbid alcohol use, acute intoxication, and early functional status after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationships among intoxication at time of injury, preinjury history of problem drinking, and early functional status in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute inpatient TBI rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 1748 persons with TBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood alcohol levels (BALs) were obtained at admission to the emergency department, and a history of problem drinking was obtained through interview. Study outcomes, Disability Rating Scale (DRS), and FIM instrument scores were gathered at admission to inpatient rehabilitation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate regression analysis revealed that BAL and a history of binge drinking were predictive of DRS, but not FIM, scores. A higher BAL was associated with poorer functional status on the DRS. Paradoxically, a history of binge drinking was associated with more intact functional status on the DRS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relationships among intoxication at time of injury, history of problem drinking, and early outcome after TBI were modest. Injury severity had a more significant association with TBI functional status.
authors.affiliation: Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA. cvickery@mmrcrehab.org
authors.forename: Chad D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Vickery
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sherer
authors.forename: Todd G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Nick
authors.forename: Risa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakase-Richardson
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Corrigan
authors.forename: Flora
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Macciocchi
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Ripley
authors.forename: Angelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sander
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D016896:Treatment Outcome