title: Dialysis facility characteristics and variation in employment rates: a national study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Investigation of factors associated with variation in dialysis patient employment has focused primarily on patient-level factors. Little is known about facility-level factors that may be associated with patient employment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ESRD Facility Survey (CMS-2744A) began in 2004 to collect counts of employed patients aged 18 to 54, in addition to dialysis unit census, types and timing of treatments offered, and staffing. Using the 2004 ESRD Facility Survey File, we investigated dialysis unit characteristics and facility employment rate of patients aged 18 to 54 in a logistic regression analysis that included hospital-based chronic renal care facilities, nonhospital renal disease treatment centers, independent special purpose renal dialysis facilities, and renal disease treatment centers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Across all facilities, 18.9% of prevalent patients aged 18 to 54 were employed, but facility employment rates ranged from 0 to 100%. Facility employment rate was positively associated independently with availability of a 5 p.m. or later dialysis shift (odds ratio (OR) 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42 to 1.68), availability of peritoneal dialysis or home hemodialysis (HD) training (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.28), and provision of frequent HD (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.49), after adjusting for patient/social worker ratio, rurality of unit location, and unit size. In addition, patient receipt of Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) services was more often reported in facilities with higher employment rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Promoting gainful employment among ESRD patients continues to be a quality improvement need. A dataset that allows adjustment for patient-level variables would facilitate increased understanding of the contribution of dialysis facility variables to patient employment.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation/Quality of Life Special Studies Center, United States Renal Data System, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. nkutner@emory.edu
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kutner
authors.forename: Tess
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bowles
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yijian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pastan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003625:Data Collection; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012947:Social Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology