title: Design of a RCT evaluating the (cost-) effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention for male construction workers at risk for cardiovascular disease: the health under construction study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Of all workers in Dutch construction industry, 20% has an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A major risk factor for CVD risk is an unhealthy lifestyle. The aim of our study is to design a lifestyle intervention for construction workers with an elevated CVD risk, and to evaluate its (cost-) effectiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a RCT, 692 participants will be randomised to either the control or the intervention group. The control group will receive usual care. For the intervention group, a lifestyle intervention has been designed based on interviews and current literature. The intervention will last 6 months and will comprise 3 face-to-face and 4 telephone contacts, consisting of individual counselling aimed at increasing daily physical activity (PA) and improving dietary behaviour, and/or smoking cessation. Counselling will take place at the Occupational Health Service (OHS), and will be done according to motivational interviewing (MI). Additional written information about healthy lifestyle will also be provided to those in the intervention group. At baseline, after 6 and after 12 months, measurements will take place. Primary outcome variables will be the lifestyle behaviours of concern, i.e. daily PA, dietary intake, and smoking status. Secondary outcome variables will be body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total and HDL blood cholesterol, Hba1c and cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF). Sickness absenteeism and cost-effectiveness will be assessed as well. Multilevel analysis will be performed to compare all outcome measures between the intervention group and the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By improving lifestyle, CVD risk may be lowered, yielding benefits for both employee and employer. If proven effective, this lifestyle intervention will be implemented on a larger scale within the Occupational Health Services in construction industry.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN60545588.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. iris.groeneveld@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Iris F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Groeneveld
authors.forename: Karin I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Proper
authors.forename: Allard J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van der Beek
authors.forename: Cor
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Duivenbooden
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Mechelen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003376:Counseling / Q000191:economics*; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology; D005160:Facility Design and Construction; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D054526:Men's Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D009787:Occupational Medicine / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000078329:Workforce