title: Effect of cigarette smoke exposure on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis: an in vitro study.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of cigarette smoke on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis. The standard strains of S. mutans (ATCC 25175) and S. sanguis (ATCC 10556) were cultured on blood agar and incubated for 48 hr in three main environments: atmospheric air, carbon dioxide, and cigarette smoke. Kent gold 1(nicotine: 0.1 mg, tar: 1 mg), Kent lights (nicotine: 0.8 mg, tar: 9 mg) and Bahman (nicotine: 1 mg, tar: 13 mg) were the brands used in the present study. Afterwards, digital photographs of the colonies were taken and the diameter of colonies was measured. Data were analyzed using Post Hoc and General Linear Model statistical tests. Cigarette smoke and carbon dioxide environments significantly increased the growth of S. mutans. However, high nicotine/tar content cigarette smoke (Bahman) had the greatest impact on S. mutans and S. sanguis. The mutans/sanguis ratio, which was 0.71 in atmospheric air, increased to 1.07 in the presence of carbon dioxide. Kent gold 1, Kent lights, and Bahman demonstrated a mutans/sanguis ratio of 1, 0.84, and 0.98 respectively. In conclusion, it seems that the growth of S. sanguis and S. mutans is accelerated in the vicinity of cigarette smoke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Taghavi
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Zonuz
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahmati
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mortazavi
authors.forename: Ehasn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Khashabi
authors.forename: Ramin Mostofi Zadeh
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Farahani
mesh_terms: D000391:Air Microbiology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016014:Linear Models; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013298:Streptococcus sanguis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009538:Nicotine