title: Combined T1-based perfusion MRI and MR angiography in kidney: first experience in normals and pathology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the feasibility of implementing quantitative T1-perfusion in the routine MRA-protocol and to obtain a first experience in normals and pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  For perfusion imaging, IR-prepared FLASH (one 4 mm slice at mid-renal level, TR 4.4 ms, TE 2.2 ms, TI 180 ms, FA 50 degrees , matrix 128 x 256, bandwidth per pixel 300, 400 dynamics, temporal resolution 0.3 s, total measurement time 2 min) was applied during the injection of 10 ml of standard 0.5 mmol/ml Gadolinium-DTPA solution at 2 ml/s, followed by 3DCE-MRA with bolus tracking (TR 5.4, TE 1.4, FA 40 degrees , matrix 192 x 512, NSA 1, slice thickness 1.5 mm), using a second dose of 0.1 mmol Gadolinium-DTPA per kg body weight with a maximum of 20 ml. The T1-weighted signals (perfusion data) were converted to tissue tracer concentrations and deconvolved with an inflow corrected AIF; blood flow, distribution volume, mean transit time and blood flow heterogeneity were derived.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MRA quality was uncompromised by the first bolus administered for perfusion purposes. In the normals, average cortical RBF, RVD and MTT were 1.2 ml/min/ml (S.D. 0.3 ml/min/ml), 0.4 ml/ml (S.D. 0.1 ml/ml) and 21s (S.D. 4s). These RBF values are lower than those found in the literature, probably due to residual AIF inflow effects. The sensitivity of the technique was sufficient to demonstrate altered perfusion in the examples of pathology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined quantitative T1-perfusion and MRA have a potential for noninvasive renovascular screening and may provide an anatomical and physiological evaluation of renal status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology/BEFY, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium. martine.dujardin@gmail.com
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dujardin
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luypaert
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vandenbroucke
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van der Niepen
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sourbron
authors.forename: Dierik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Verbeelen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stadnik
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Mey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D003287:Contrast Media; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA