title: [The history of tooth dyeing].
abstract: While tooth dyeing is a disappearing custom, the pharmaceutical benefits of paan in India are now being studied for other reasons. The oral carcinogenicity of betel nuts, the traditional ingredient in paan, however, has been causing paan users to replace betel with canari or lime. As a consequence of this trend, the pharmaceutical interest of paan is no longer in betel, but in the health-promoting properties of Uncaria gambir. This article has been prepared as an interim record of the progress of the author's research into this field, and was presented in the December 2006 meeting of the [symbol see text].
authors.affiliation: Kainos Laboratories, Inc. 38-18, Hongo 2-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
mesh_terms: D001115:Arecoline / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000266:history*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000266:history* / Q000494:pharmacology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000266:history*; D014070:Tooth / Q000187:drug effects*; D032070:Uncaria
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D001115:Arecoline