title: Effect of prochloraz fungicide on biotransformation enzymes and oxidative stress parameters in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.).
abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize biomarker responses in three-spined sticklebacks exposed to prochloraz (Pcz). For this purpose, adult sticklebacks were exposed for 2 weeks to prochloraz at 0, 10, 50, 100 and 500 microg/L prior to one week of depuration in clean water. At days 7, 14 and 21, several hepatic biomarkers were measured including 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), total glutathione (GSH) content and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Pcz induced a transient increase of antioxidant enzymes and a depletion of glutathione content during the first 7 days of exposure. This study showed that EROD activity and antioxidants were disrupted in a transient manner. GST was rapidly induced in a dose-dependent manner and this induction was persistent and observed also after depuration. GST appeared as a valuable biomarker to assess the exposure to Pcz.
authors.affiliation: Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment Unit, National Institute of Industrial Environmental Risk (INERIS), Verneuil en Halatte, France. Wilfried.Sanchez@ineris.fr
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Piccini
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Porcher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000633:toxicity*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D023701:Smegmamorpha / Q000254:growth & development*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D007093:Imidazoles; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C045362:prochloraz; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione