title: Characterization of late incomplete stent apposition: a comparison among bare-metal stents, intracoronary radiation and sirolimus-eluting stents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Late incomplete stent apposition (LISA) develops following implantation of conventional bare-metal stents (BMS) or drug-eluting stents, or after adjunctive intracoronary radiation (IR). However, no study has systematically compared the morphology of LISA seen with various treatment modalities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the morphometric features of LISA accompanying BMS, IR or sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) using serial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A query of Stanford University's IVUS database of the Cardiovascular Core Analysis Laboratory was performed to identify LISA cases. Dedicated software programs were used for volumetric IVUS analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 30 LISA cases (12 BMS, 6 IR and 12 SES), there was no intertreatment difference in the degree of LISA (lumen area minus stent area at follow up). Serial analyses of LISA segments showed that vessel area of SES and IR showed significant increase at follow up as compared with post procedure, while there was no significant change in plaque area. In contrast, the BMS group showed no increase in vessel area, whereas plaque area revealed significant reduction. Eight of 12 BMS cases were treated by directional atherectomy before stenting; however, there was no difference in the area change between patients with or without pre-stent atherectomy. Post-procedure plaque thickness beneath the stent struts of LISA was thinner for SES as compared with BMS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plaque reduction primarily contributes to LISA after BMS, whereas vessel expansion is the predominant factor in LISA development for IR and SES. Thus, the mechanism of LISA may vary among different interventional treatments.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiovascular Technology, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room H3554, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. crci-cvmed@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Akiyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
authors.forename: Ichizo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tsujino
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ako
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Courtney
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Mamoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okura
authors.forename: Katsuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Waseda
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
mesh_terms: D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D008670:Metals; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008670:Metals; D020123:Sirolimus