title: Joint dependent concentrations of bone alkaline phosphatase in serum and synovial fluids of horses with osteochondral injury: an analytical and clinical validation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Validate use of a commercially available immunoassay for measurement of bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) in equine serum and synovial fluid (SF), and investigate the effects of osteochondral (OC) injury in horses on BAP concentrations in serum and SF.
  
  
  METHODS
  SF was collected from 37 joints of 34 Thoroughbred (TB) racehorses undergoing arthroscopic surgery for the removal of OC fragments from either the carpal joints (n=18) or the metacarpo-/metatarsophalangeal (MP) joints (n=19). SF was also obtained from 52 joints of 16 normal TB horses, collected bilaterally from carpal joints of 10 horses (n=40), and MP joints of six horses (n=12). Blood was obtained from all 50 horses. A commercially available immunoassay was validated and subsequently used to determine equine serum and SF BAP concentrations. Correlations to radiographic and arthroscopic scores were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BAP concentrations were significantly lower in serum from horses with OC injury in their carpal or MP joints than in serum from normal horses. SF BAP concentrations in normal and OC injured carpal joints were significantly higher than MP joints. BAP concentrations were significantly higher in SF from OC injured carpal joints than normal. BAP concentrations were affected by joint sampled, with age having a significant interaction. Concentrations of BAP in the serum (<30U/L), SF (>22U/L) and a ratio of SF to serum > or = 0.5 were predictive of OC injury. Radiographic and arthroscopic scores significantly correlated with serum BAP concentrations, and SF:serum BAP correlated with arthroscopic scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Determination of serum and SF BAP concentrations may be beneficial in the investigation of early joint injury. Joint and injury dependent differences in BAP concentrations allowed the estimation of predictive value for identifying OC injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-1432, USA. tumb016@umn.edu
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Trumble
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Merritt
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Billinghurst
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001182:Arthroscopy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D002350:Carpus, Animal / Q000293:injuries; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000293:injuries*; D004796:Clinical Enzyme Tests / Q000379:methods; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D050724:Fractures, Cartilage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006736:Horses; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase