title: Celecoxib as an adjunct in the treatment of depressive or mixed episodes of bipolar disorder: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the cox-2 inhibitor celecoxib has antidepressant effects in bipolar disorder (BD) patients during depressive or mixed phases.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 28 DSM-IV BD patients who were experiencing a depressive or mixed episode and were on a stable dose of a mood stabilizer or atypical antipsychotic medication. Subjects were randomized to receive 6 weeks of double-blind placebo or celecoxib (400 mg/day) treatment. Current mood stabilizer or antipsychotic medication remained at the same doses during the trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intention-to-treat analysis showed that the patients receiving celecoxib had lower Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HamD) scores after 1 week of treatment compared to the patients receiving placebo, but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.09). The improvement in the first week of treatment was statistically significant when the analysis included only the subjects who completed the full 6-week trial (p = 0.03). The two groups did not differ significantly on depressive or manic symptoms from the second week until the end of the trial. Celecoxib was well tolerated with the exception of two subjects who dropped out of the study due to rash.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that adjunctive treatment with celecoxib may produce a rapid-onset antidepressant effect in BD patients experiencing depressive or mixed episodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Fabiano G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Nery
authors.forename: Emel S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Monkul
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hatch
authors.forename: Manoela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: Giovana B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Zunta-Soares
authors.forename: Benício N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bowden
authors.forename: Jair C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000068579:Celecoxib; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005076:Exanthema / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000068579:Celecoxib