title: HIV-1 incidence estimates using IgG-capture BED-enzyme immunoassay from surveillance sites of injection drug users in three cities of China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect recent infection in injection drug users (IDU) using the HIV-1 subtypes B, E, and D IgG-capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA) and estimate HIV-1 incidence in the IDU population in three cities of China.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-1-positive samples from IDU surveillance sentinel sites were collected for BED-CEIA, including 215 from city C (2001-2006), 433 from city D (2005), and 912 from city E (2000-2003). All 1560 samples were confirmed HIV positive with Western blot or alternative strategy.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-1 incidence was calculated with BED-CEIA statistics software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  City C: Annualized HIV-1 incidence among IDU of surveillance sentinel sites was 0.57-0.93% from 2000 to 2001, and approximately 1.0% from 2004 to 2006. City D: In IDU surveillance sentinel sites in 2005, the HIV-1 incidence was estimated to be 9.6%, whereas the incidence in all drug users was 2.1%. City E: IDU sentinel surveillance indicated a slight decrease in HIV-1 incidence from 9.2% in 2000 to 7.9% in 2003.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HIV-1 incidence in IDU in city C was stable and relatively low. In contrast, there is a high HIV-1 incidence among IDU in cities D and E. The adjusted BED-CEIA estimated incidence rates indicate clearly that interventions must be strengthened continuously in IDU, especially in two Chinese cities.
authors.affiliation: National AIDS Reference Laboratory, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. jiangyan03@263.net
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Minjie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mingjian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Yulin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jigang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Yonghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Dongli
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Lifen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Luoyun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Quanhua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000276:immunology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G