title: Incidence of HIV, hepatitis C and hepatitis B viruses among injection drug users in southwestern China: a 3-year follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the incidence rates of HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) among injection drug users (IDU) in a drug trafficking city in southwest China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 333 HIV-seronegative IDU was followed for 36 months from November 2002 and evaluated every 6 months for seroconversions to HIV and HCV antibodies as well as hepatitis B surface antigen. Questionnaire interviews were conducted to collect information about risk behaviors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some 68.8% of subjects completed the last follow-up survey. A total of 14 HIV, 47 HCV and 51 HBV seroconversions were observed over the 36-month follow-up period, yielding average incidence rates of 2.3 per 100 person-years for HIV, 33.3 for HCV and 11.3 for HBV. Multivariate Poisson regression analyses showed that factors independently associated with HIV seroconversion were minority ethnicity and greater frequent sharing of needles or syringes in the past 3 months one or more times per week. Predictors of HCV seroconversion included being female, greater frequent drug use in the past 3 months seven or more times per week, and frequent sharing of needles or syringes in the past 3 months one or more times per week.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blood-borne infections continue to spread, but at lower rates with time among IDU in a southwestern Chinese city where intervention programmes have existed for a few years. Rigorous implementation of harm reduction programmes may have reduced seroconversion to blood-borne infections among targeted high-risk populations.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, and National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Kanglin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Han-Zhu
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Junling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Kunxue
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D016485:Needle Sharing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018671:Needle-Exchange Programs; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012747:Sexual Partners; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology*