title: Effect of allelopathic rice varieties combined with cultural management options on paddy field weeds.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of techniques, including cultural management, allelopathy and bioherbicide, have been considered as alternatives for synthetic herbicides, but successful weed control will require the careful integration of these multiple techniques. This study was conducted to assess the use of allelopathic rice varieties in combination with cultural management options on paddy weeds, in order to develop an allelopathy-based technique to reduce herbicide use in paddies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The weed-suppressive effects of the rice varieties tested varied highly with allelopathic trait, planting pattern and cultural management including planting density, flooding depth and duration and supply of nitrogen. Allelopathic rice varieties PI312777 and Huagan-1 demonstrated much stronger weed suppression than the non-allelopathic variety Huajianxian under the same planting pattern and cultural management. Their weed-suppressive effect was increased with cultural management options. In particular, if integrated cultural management options of allelopathic rice varieties included a low-dose (bensulfuron-methyl, 25 g AI ha(-1), a third of the recommended dose) herbicide application, the emergence and growth of most weeds found in paddy fields was completely controlled. No grain yield reduction for allelopathic varieties occurred under integrated cultural management options, whereas with the non-allelopathic variety a reduction of up to 45-60% was measurable even with the low-dose herbicide application.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The allelopathic potential of rice varieties will likely have a great impact on paddy weed control if integrated with cultural management options and application of low doses of herbicides. Therefore, it is feasible to reduce herbicide input in paddies if allelopathic rice is grown under integrated cultural management practices.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China. kongch@iae.ac.cn
authors.forename: Chui-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing-Lun
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D029786:Cyperus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D031747:Echinochloa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D036601:Eclipta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006540:Herbicides / Q000494:pharmacology; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D010675:Pheromones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011156:Population Density; D011897:Random Allocation; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D010675:Pheromones; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D002244:Carbon; C071475:methyl bensulfuron