title: Induction of histone H1.2 cytosolic release in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells after genotoxic and non-genotoxic treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to analyze whether in chronic lymphocytic leukemia the cytosolic release of histone H1.2, a new apoptogenic mechanism induced by DNA damage, was associated with the presence of genetic abnormalities and with the response to treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary tumoral chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells from 25 patients were investigated for histone H1.2 cytosolic release after treatment with genotoxic (fludarabine, mitoxantrone, etoposide, or X-ray radiation) and non-genotoxic (dexamethasone) agents. Cases were analyzed for the presence of poor-risk genetic alterations, particularly deletions at 17p13 and 11q22. Histone H1.2 release was correlated with the presence of genetic abnormalities and with the best clinical response obtained with standard treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DNA-damaging agents induced H1.2 release in a p53-dependent manner which was confirmed by the lack of H1.2 release in p53-deleted cases. Non-DNA-damaging agents induced release of H1.2 in both p53-deleted and non-deleted chronic lymphocytic leukemia cases. Moreover, nuclear H1.2 release was observed after genotoxic and non-genotoxic treatment independently of ATM function. From a clinical standpoint, the lack of histone H1.2 release correlated with resistance to genotoxic treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, histone H1.2 traffic was dependent on the p53-status after genotoxic treatment, but could also be induced after treatments that acted independently of p53. By contrast, histone H1.2 release did not seem to be dependent on ATM function. Nuclear histone H1.2 release appears to be an important element in apoptosis induction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, particularly in cases with abnormal p53 function resistant to conventional treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giné
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muntañola
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calpe
authors.forename: Maria Joao
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Baptista
authors.forename: Neus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Villamor
authors.forename: Emili
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Montserrat
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bosch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism*; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D015973:Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D006657:Histones