title: Liquid compared with conventional cervical cytology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare test performance characteristics of conventional Pap tests and liquid-based cervical cytology samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible studies, published between 1991 and 2007, were retrieved through PubMed/EmBase searching and completed by consultation of other sources.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were selected if a conventional and a liquid-based sample were prepared from the same woman or when one or the other type of sample was taken from a separate but similar cohort. The current systematic review and meta-analysis is restricted to studies where all subjects were submitted to gold standard verification, based on colposcopy and histology of colposcopy-targeted biopsies, allowing computation of absolute and relative test validity for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse. Randomized trials were selected as well if all test-positive cases were verified with the same gold standard, allowing computation of the relative sensitivity. Impact of study characteristics on accuracy was assessed by subgroup meta-analyses, meta-regression, and summary receiver operating characteristic curve regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relative sensitivity, pooled from eight studies, with complete gold standard verification and from one randomized clinical trial, did not differ significantly from unity. Also, the specificity, considering high-grade and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions as cutoff, was similar in conventional and liquid cytology. However, a lower pooled specificity was found for liquid-based cytology when presence of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance was the cutoff (ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.84-0.98). Differences in study characteristics did not explain interstudy heterogeneity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liquid-based cervical cytology is neither more sensitive nor more specific for detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia compared with the conventional Pap test.
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium. marc.arbyn@iph.fgov.be
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arbyn
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergeron
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klinkhamer
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martin-Hirsch
authors.forename: Albertus G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Siebers
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bulten
mesh_terms: D003127:Colposcopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013048:Specimen Handling; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000379:methods*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology