title: Effect of metal-tolerant plant growth-promoting Rhizobium on the performance of pea grown in metal-amended soil.
abstract: The nickel- and zinc-tolerant plant growth-promoting (PGP) Rhizobium sp. RP5 was isolated from nodules of pea, grown in metal-contaminated Indian soils. The PGP potentials of strain RP5 was assessed under in vitro conditions. Strain RP5 displayed a high level of tolerance to nickel (350 microg ml(-1)) and zinc (1500 microg ml(-1)) and showed PGP activity under in vitro conditions. The PGP activity of this strain was further assessed with increasing concentrations of nickel and zinc, using pea as a test crop. The bio-inoculant enhanced the dry matter, nodule numbers, root N, shoot N, leghemoglobin, seed yield, and grain protein (GP) by 19%, 23%, 26%, 47%, 112%, 26%, and 8%, respectively, at 290 mg Ni kg(-1) while at 4890 mg Zn kg(-1) soil, it increased the dry matter, nodule numbers, leghemoglobin, seed yield, GP, and root and shoot N by 18%, 23%, 78%, 26%, 7%, 25%, and 42%, respectively, compared to plants grown in soil amended with metal only. The bio-inoculant increased the glutathione reductase activity of roots and nodules by 46% and 65% at 580 mg Ni kg(-1) and 47% and 54% at 9780 mg Zn kg(-1) soil, respectively, compared to uninoculated plants. The inoculated strain decreased the concentration of nickel and zinc in plant organs. The intrinsic abilities of nitrogen fixation, growth promotion, and the ability to reduce the toxicity of nickel and zinc of the tested strain could be of practical importance in augmenting the growth and yield of pea, in nickel- and zinc-polluted soils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, UP, India. wani1889@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Parvaze Ahmad
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Wani
authors.forename: Md Saghir
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Almas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zaidi
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D007874:Leghemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D009532:Nickel / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012231:Rhizobium; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D013559:Symbiosis; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007874:Leghemoglobin; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D009532:Nickel; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D015032:Zinc