title: The effectiveness and medication costs of three anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis from prospective clinical practice data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to evaluate the effects of adalimumab, etanercept and infliximab on disease activity, functional ability and quality of life and the medication costs in a naturalistic design.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients from the Dutch Rheumatoid Arthritis Monitoring (DREAM) register starting on tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha-blocking agents for the first time were monitored and assessed by trained research nurses every 3 months. The primary outcome was the Disease Activity Score (DAS28) course over the 12 months follow-up, analysed by linear mixed models. Secondary outcomes were the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), EuroQol five dimensions (EQ-5D) and the Short-Form 36 items (SF36) scores, and medication-related total costs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DAS28 and SF-36 physical component scale decreased in all three medication groups over 12 months, but the decrease was larger for adalimumab and etanercept in comparison to infliximab (p<0.001). The analyses of the HAQ and the EQ-5D scores showed the same (non-significant) trend, namely that at 12 months, the functionality and quality of life was better for adalimumab and etanercept patients. With regard to the medication costs, infliximab treatment resulted in significantly higher costs over the follow-up period than treatments with either adalimumab or etanercept. The comparison between adalimumab and etanercept showed a significant difference in the 12-month DAS28 course (p = 0.031). There were no additional indications for differences in effectiveness or costs between adalimumab and etanercept.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evaluation of the effectiveness and costs showed that adalimumab and etanercept are more or less equal and favourable compared to infliximab in the first year of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology (470), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. w.kievit@reuma.umcn.nl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kievit
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Adang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fransen
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kuper
authors.forename: M A F J
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van de Laar
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: C M A
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: De Gendt
authors.forename: D-J R A M
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: De Rooij
authors.forename: H L M
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Brus
authors.forename: P C M
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Van Oijen
authors.forename: P C L M
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Van Riel
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D016527:Drug Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D000068800:Etanercept; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069285:Infliximab; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D011788:Quality of Life; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068879:Adalimumab; D000068800:Etanercept