title: Partial atrioventricular septal defect assessed by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: a case report.
abstract: A 48-year-old woman was admitted with a heart murmur and increased difficulty in breathing. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed a defect in the lower part of the atrial septum [(primum atrial septal defect (ASD)] and a pouch at the interventricular septum. Color Doppler echocardiography detected grade 3/4 mitral regurgitation. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) revealed a cleft in the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve toward the tricuspid valve, and the ASD located near the atrioventricular valves with 14mm in minor axis. Color Doppler three-dimensional echocardiography disclosed left-to-right ASD shunt toward the atrial posterior wall. No shunt through the pouch at the membranous part, left ventricular outflow obstruction, or partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection was observed. RT-3DE is quite useful to describe complicated congenital heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division of Internal Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toh
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanzaki
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohyama
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: Jiyoong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashimura
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitakaze
mesh_terms: D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D004694:Endocardial Cushion Defects / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged