title: A classification system for faecal incontinence based on anorectal investigations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Faecal incontinence is a socially disabling condition that affects a heterogeneous population of patients. There is no standardization of investigations, and treatment outcomes are variable. The major limitation for comparing the results from different studies is the lack of a pretreatment classification of incontinence. The aim of this study was to review the anorectal investigation findings and propose a simple, repeatable classification for faecal incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who had anorectal investigations for defaecatory disorders from February 2000 to September 2006 were analysed retrospectively. All patients had anorectal manometry, anal mucosal electrosensitivity testing and endoanal ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of a total of 1294 patients, 135 were excluded, leaving 1159 (460 continent and 699 incontinent) for analysis. The patients were divided into four groups: traumatic incontinence, neuropathic faecal incontinence, combined faecal incontinence and idiopathic faecal incontinence. The manometric variables and demographics were distinct in these groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with faecal incontinence can be classified into different groups with distinct pathophysiological variables. Such a classification system will enable comparison and interpretation of the outcomes of different studies and also help in the selection of patients for appropriate treatments.
authors.affiliation: Division of Coloproctology, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Thekkinkattil
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Stojkovic
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Finan
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sagar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001004:Anus Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000379:methods; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012677:Sensation / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography