title: Anatomic localization of motor points of hip adductors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the precise location of the motor points of hip adductors in relation to bony landmarks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen limbs from ten adult cadavers were anatomically dissected. The motor point of each adductor muscle was determined by measuring its distance from the pubic tubercle with reference to a line joining the pubic tubercle and the medial epicondyle of the femur, and this distance was expressed as a percentage. For describing the mediolateral relationship between the motor point of each adductor and bony landmarks, its distance from the pubic tubercle was measured with reference to a line joining the pubic tubercle and the greater trochanter of the femur, and the result was expressed as a percentage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percent distances along the longitudinal reference line distal to the pubic tubercle were as follows: adductor longus, 26.0% +/- 4.8%; adductor brevis, 21.0% +/- 4.8%; gracilis, 32.1% +/- 2.1%; and adductor magnus, 30.4% +/- 4.1%. Further, the percent distances along the horizontal reference line lateral to the pubic tubercle were as follows: adductor longus, 24.9% +/- 7.8%; adductor brevis, 24.9% +/- 7.4%; and adductor magnus, 33.6% +/- 5.9%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Identification of these motor points facilitates the efficacy and efficiency of a neural blockade and decreases undesirable complications.
authors.affiliation: The Catholic University of Korea, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Vincent's Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Joon-Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Won Ihl
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044466:Asian People; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D011630:Pubic Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins