title: Selectin haplotypes and the risk of venous thrombosis: influence of linkage disequilibrium with the factor V Leiden mutation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Selectins (E-, L- and P-selectin) and their most important counter-receptor P-selectin glycoprotein ligand (SELPLG) facilitate the interaction of platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells at inflammatory sites. Selectin polymorphisms/haplotypes have been associated with cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the association between haplotypes (H) of these four genes and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) risk. We additionally explored the effect of linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the nearby Factor V Leiden mutation (FVL). Furthermore, interactions between SELPLG polymorphisms and selectin polymorphisms were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Leiden Thrombophilia Study (LETS) subjects were genotyped for 24 polymorphisms by TaqMan or PCR-RFLP, detecting all common haplotypes in four blocks. P-selectin was analyzed in two blocks, upstream (SELPup) and downstream (SELPdown) of the recombination hotspot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In E- and L-selectin, none of the haplotypes was associated with DVT risk. In SELPup, H2-carriers had a 1.3-fold increased risk (95% CI, 1.0-1.7), whereas H4-carriers had a 1.4-fold decreased risk (95% CI, 0.5-1.0). In SELPdown, H2-carriers had a 1.3-fold increased risk (95% CI, 1.0-1.7). Because of LD with FVL, we subsequently excluded all FVL-carriers and all risks disappeared. Mutual adjustment within a logistic regression model resulted in disappearance of the risks for the SELP haplotypes, whereas FVL risk remained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After adjustment for LD with FVL, none of the selectin haplotypes was associated with DVT risk, showing that the increased risks of the selectin haplotypes were a reflection of the effect of FVL on thrombosis risk.
authors.affiliation: Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uitte de Willige
authors.forename: M C H
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: De Visser
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Houwing-Duistermaat
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Rosendaal
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bertina
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005165:Factor V / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012306:Risk; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000235:genetics; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C095381:factor V Leiden; D005165:Factor V