title: Increased longevity in offspring of mothers with Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Life expectancy is a familial trait. However, the effectiveness of using the age at death of a deceased parent to estimate life expectancy in their offspring can vary depending on whether death in the parent was due to extrinsic versus intrinsic causes, as well as demographic characteristics such as sex. While Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk increases with increased age, mortality for individuals with AD is increased in contrast to comparably aged individuals without AD. Yet in most cases it is not the defining neuropathology of AD that directly terminates life but instead conditions and illnesses extrinsic to AD pathology that nevertheless have increased likelihood in its presence. For this reason, we hypothesized that offspring of AD mothers would have greater longevity than offspring of mothers without AD (insufficient numbers prevented a comparable analysis using fathers with AD). The longevity of 345 offspring of 100 deceased 60+ year old AD mothers was compared with 5,465 offspring in 1,312 deceased 60+ year old non-AD mothers. We used a proportional hazards model that accounted for clustered (nonindependent) observations due to the inclusion of several offspring from the same family. In both an unadjusted model and one that adjusted for the age at death in the mother, and the sex and birth year in the offspring we found evidence for increased longevity in the offspring of AD mothers. The results suggest that, in addition to genes that might directly affect pathways leading to AD, there may be familial/genetic factors not connected to specific pathophysiological processes in AD but instead associated with increased longevity that contribute to the familial aggregation observed in AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. jeremy.silverman@mssm.edu
authors.forename: Jeremy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmeidler
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schnaider-Beeri
authors.forename: Hillel T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Rachel C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Lally
authors.forename: Joy Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D032721:Adult Children; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008136:Longevity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D016019:Survival Analysis