Toll-like receptor 2 contributes to glial cell activation and heme oxygenase-1 expression in traumatic brain injury.
Traumatic brain injury is accompanied by glial cell activation around the site of the injury. In this study, we investigated the role of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in glial cell activation using a stab-wound injury (SWI) model with TLR2 knock-out mice. Penetration of a normal mouse brain with a 26-G needle using a stereotaxic instrument resulted in an 18- and 4-fold upregulation of GFAP and CD11b mRNA, respectively, along the needle track in the injury area. However, in the TLR2 knock-out mice, the induced expression of these genes was reduced by 70% and 40%, respectively. Likewise, there was a reduction in the area of activated glial cells detected by immunohistochemistry and the glial cells had a less-activated morphology in the TLR2 knock-out mice. In addition, the expression of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene, a glia-expressing wound-responsive gene, was reduced after SWI in TLR2 knock-out mice. Taken together, these data argue that TLR2 contributes to the glial cell activation and HO-1 gene expression associated with traumatic brain injury.
Park
Chanhee
C
Program in Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, DRI, and Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 28 Yeongun-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea.
Cho
Ik-Hyun
IH
Kim
Donghoon
D
Jo
Eun-Kyeong
EK
Choi
Se-Young
SY
Oh
Seog Bae
SB
Park
Kyoungpyo
K
Kim
Joong Soo
JS
Lee
Sung Joong
SJ
D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018845:CD11 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D039001:Integrin alpha Chains / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*
C491049:Aif1 protein, mouse; D018845:CD11 Antigens; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D039001:Integrin alpha Chains; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C493486:Tlr2 protein, mouse; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; C527123:integrin alphaD, mouse; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1