title: Low maternal concentrations of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 in preeclampsia and small for gestational age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preeclampsia is considered an anti-angiogenic state. A role for the anti-angiogenic factors soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1) and soluble endoglin in preeclampsia has been proposed. Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (sVEGFR-2) has been detected in human plasma, and the recombinant form of this protein has anti-angiogenic activity. There is a paucity of information about maternal plasma sVEGFR-2 concentrations in patients with preeclampsia and those without preeclampsia with small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses. This study was conducted to determine whether: (1) plasma sVEGFR-2 concentration changes throughout pregnancy; and (2) preeclampsia and SGA are associated with abnormalities in the maternal plasma concentration of sVEGFR-2.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study included non-pregnant women (n = 40), women with normal pregnancies (n = 135), women with an SGA fetus (n = 53), and women with preeclampsia (n = 112). SGA was defined as an ultrasound-estimated fetal weight below the 10(th) percentile for gestational age that was confirmed by neonatal birth weight. Plasma concentrations of sVEGFR-2 were determined by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) There was no significant difference in the mean plasma concentration of sVEGFR-2 between non-pregnant women and those with normal pregnancies (p = 0.8); (2) patients with preeclampsia and those without preeclampsia with SGA fetuses had a lower mean plasma concentration of sVEGFR-2 than that of women with normal pregnancies (p < 0.001 for both); and (3) there was no significant difference in the mean plasma concentration of sVEGFR-2 between patients with preeclampsia and those without preeclampsia with SGA (p = 0.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preeclampsia and SGA are associated with low plasma concentrations of sVEGFR-2. One interpretation of the findings is that plasma sVEGFR-2 concentration could reflect endothelial cell function.
authors.affiliation: Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Tinnakorn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chaiworapongsa
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gotsch
authors.forename: Jimmy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.forename: Jyh Kae
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Nien
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goncalves
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edwin
authors.forename: Yeon Mee
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Offer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Erez
authors.forename: Juan Pedro
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kusanovic
authors.forename: Beth L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Pineles
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Papp
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hassan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2