Genetic deficiency of chemokine receptor CCR5 is a strong risk factor for symptomatic West Nile virus infection: a meta-analysis of 4 cohorts in the US epidemic.
West Nile virus (WNV) causes disease in approximately 20% of infected humans. We previously reported that homozygosity for CCR5Delta32, a nonfunctional variant of chemokine receptor CCR5, is markedly increased among symptomatic WNV-seropositive patients from Arizona and Colorado. To confirm this, we analyzed cohorts from California and Illinois. An increase in CCR5-deficient subjects was found in both (for California, odds ratio [OR], 4.2 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.5-11.9] [P= .004]; for Illinois, OR, 3.1 [95% CI, 0.9-11.2] [P= .06]). A meta-analysis of all 4 cohorts showed an OR of 4.2 (95% CI, 2.1-8.3 [P= .0001]). Thus, CCR5 deficiency is a strong and consistent risk factor for symptomatic WNV infection in the United States.
Lim
Jean K
JK
Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Louie
Christine Y
CY
Glaser
Carol
C
Jean
Cynthia
C
Johnson
Bernard
B
Johnson
Hope
H
McDermott
David H
DH
Murphy
Philip M
PM
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*
D019713:Receptors, CCR5