title: Microwave irradiation induces neurite outgrowth in PC12m3 cells via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
abstract: The increasing use of mobile phone communication has raised concerns about possible health hazard effects of microwave irradiation. We investigated damage and differentiation caused by microwave irradiation on drug-hypersensitive PC12 cell line (PC12m3). These cells showed enhancement of neurite outgrowth to various stimulants. The frequency of neurite outgrowth induced by 2.45 GHz (200 W) of microwave irradiation was approximately 10-fold greater than that of non-irradiated control cells. Incubation of PC12m3 cells with SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, resulted in marked inhibition of the microwave radiation-induced neurite outgrowth. Also, activation of the transcription factor CREB induced by microwave irradiation was inhibited by SB203580. Heat shock treatment at 45 degrees C had a strong toxic effect on PC12m3 cells, whereas microwave treatment had no toxic effect on PC12m3 cells. These findings indicate that p38 MAPK is responsible for the survival of PC12m3 cells and might induce neurite outgrowth via a CREB signaling pathway when subjected to microwave irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Science, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Okayama 716-8508, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Hirotoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Motoda
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Fukumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hiragami
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040421:Cell Phone; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000502:physiology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008872:Microwaves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016501:Neurites / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D011725:Pyridines; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C093642:SB 203580