title: Should relational aggression be included in DSM-V?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Relational aggression was introduced more than a decade ago as a female-typical form of aggression and has become widely used in developmental psychopathology research. In considering whether relational aggression should be included in DSM-V disruptive behavior disorders, we provide data on the reliability and validity of relational aggression when reported by the informants most commonly used to generate clinical diagnoses (parents and youth), the degree of overlap between relational aggression and DSM-IV oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD), and the amount of variance in impairment explained by relational aggression controlling for ODD and CD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected on 9- to 17-year-old girls and boys participating in the population-based Georgia Health and Behavior Study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reliability and validity of youth and parent reports were adequate. Relational aggression was moderately correlated with symptoms of ODD and CD, and substantial overlap was observed between high levels of relational aggression and meeting symptom criteria for ODD or CD. Relational aggression explained a small but significant amount of unique variance in impairment, controlling for ODD and CD symptoms. At clinically significant levels of impairment, however, there was no additional variance explained by relational aggression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some additional information about girls' and boys' functioning is gained by assessing relational aggression using parents and youth as informants, but perhaps not a sufficient amount to warrant inclusion in the nomenclature.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Keenan and Ms. Coyne are with the Department of Psychiatry and Dr. Lahey is with the Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago. Electronic address: kkeenan@yoda.bsd.uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keenan
authors.affiliation: Dr. Keenan and Ms. Coyne are with the Department of Psychiatry and Dr. Lahey is with the Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coyne
authors.affiliation: Dr. Keenan and Ms. Coyne are with the Department of Psychiatry and Dr. Lahey is with the Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago.
authors.forename: Benjamin B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Lahey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008257:Machiavellianism; D008297:Male; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012059:Rejection, Psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D012919:Social Behavior; D012933:Social Identification