title: Efficacy of two alcohol-free cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwashes - a randomized double-blind crossover study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) To determine the plaque inhibition properties of two formulations of alcohol-free mouthwash [0.1% w/w cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) (B) and 0.05% w/w CPC (A)] versus a placebo mouthwash (C). (2) To compare the plaque-inhibiting activity between these two new CPC mouthwashes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind, crossover study with three 1-week periods was used. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following groups. Group 1 (n=10) received the mouthwashes A, C and B in the periods 1, 2 and 3, respectively, group 2 (n=11) received the mouthwashes in the order B, A, C, while group 3 (n=11) received the mouthwashes in the order C, B, A. Mean plaque areas and Quigley & Hein plaque index scores were analysed using anova (analysis of variance). Measurements were made at the start of each period (baseline) and at 16, 24 and 40 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean plaque scores were similar across the groups at baseline. At all time points thereafter, volunteers using mouthwash A or B had significantly lower plaque areas and plaque index scores than those using mouthwash C (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences between the test formulations. At 16 h, the reduction in plaque area relative to mouthwash C was 22% for mouthwash A and 18% for mouthwash B; at 24 h, 11% for mouthwash A and 15% for mouthwash B; and at 40 h, 15% for mouthwash A and 16% for mouthwash B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of both CPC mouthwashes resulted in less plaque accumulation compared with the control. There was no statistically significant difference in plaque accumulation between the two CPC mouthwashes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Dental Care, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rawlinson
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pollington
authors.forename: Trevor F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marlow
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haywood
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002594:Cetylpyridinium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D009067:Mouthwashes; D002594:Cetylpyridinium