title: Pathologic stage I non-small cell lung cancer with high levels of preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen: clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgery alone remains the standard therapy for patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Although the preoperative serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen has been shown to be an independent prognostic factor, it has not yet been included in the staging system and does not alter the treatment strategy, especially in the selection of patients for adjuvant chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1986 to 2003, preoperative and postoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels were measured in 455 patients with completely resected pathologic stage I non-small cell lung cancer. We compared the clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes among patients who had preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels within the normal range (N group, n = 323), patients who had high carcinoembryonic antigen levels before surgery but normal levels after surgery (HN group, n = 112), and patients who had high carcinoembryonic antigen levels before and after surgery (HH group, n = 20).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The significant characteristics of the HN group included the male sex, greater age, smoking, squamous cell histology, T2 status, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, and pleural invasion. Adenocarcinomas in patients of the HN group were more likely to be moderately to poorly differentiated. The 5-year survivals in the HN and HH groups were significantly lower (56.2% and 43.1%, respectively) than those in the N group (85.9%). Multivariate analysis revealed that greater age, non-adenocarcinoma histology, pleural invasion, and the carcinoembryonic antigen in the HN and HH groups were independent prognostic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with resected pathologic stage I non-small cell lung cancer and high preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels are a subgroup with a distinctly poor prognosis who display smoking-related clinicopathologic characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Center, Utsunomiya, Japan. hmatsugu@tcc.pref.tochigi.jp
authors.forename: Haruhisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuguma
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakahara
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Haruko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Honjo
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokoi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen