title: What causes paramyotonia in the United Kingdom? Common and new SCN4A mutations revealed.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the clinical and genetic features in a large cohort of UK patients with sodium channel paramyotonia congenita.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a UK-wide clinical and molecular genetic study of patients presenting with a phenotype suggestive of paramyotonia congenita.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 42 affected individuals (28 kindreds). All cases met our core criteria for a clinical diagnosis of paramyotonia congenita. Seventy-five percent of patients (32 patients/20 kindreds) had SCN4A mutations. Twenty-nine subjects from 18 kindreds had exon 22 and 24 mutations, confirming these exons to be hot spots. Unexpectedly, 3 of these subjects harbored mutations previously described with potassium-aggravated myotonia (G1306A, G1306E). We identified two new mutations (R1448L and L1436P). Ten cases (8 kindreds) without mutations exhibited paramyotonia congenita with prominent pain and weakness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study identifies two new mutations, confirms SCN4A as a common cause of paramyotonia congenita in the UK, and suggests further allelic and possibly genetic heterogeneity.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fialho
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sud
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haworth
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cea
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hanna
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D001120:Arginine / Q000235:genetics; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007930:Leucine / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D020967:Myotonic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D062553:NAV1.4 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D011392:Proline / Q000235:genetics; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000235:genetics*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D062553:NAV1.4 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; C106251:SCN4A protein, human; D015222:Sodium Channels; D001120:Arginine; D011392:Proline; D007930:Leucine