title: East Central South African genotype as the causative agent in reemergence of Chikungunya outbreak in India.
abstract: Chikungunya fever is an important arboviral infection prevalent throughout Africa and Southeast Asia. Recently, in 2006, it has reemerged in many parts of India, affecting more than a million persons. A detail serological, virological, and molecular investigation of this unprecedented outbreak was carried out by collecting and studying 540 samples from all the affected regions of India during this epidemic. An in-depth investigation revealed the presence of anti-Chikungunya antibodies in 68% of the samples and genomic RNA in 49% of them. In addition 32 Chikungunya viruses were isolated from 45 representative polymerase chain reaction-positive samples. The nucleotide sequences of partial E1 gene of 25 representative Chikungunya viruses were deciphered. The sequence analysis indicated that all the isolates of this epidemic belonged to the new Indian Ocean island clade of East Central South (ECS) African genotype. This study conclusively proved the genotype shift from Asian to ECS African as the major factor in the reemergence of Chikungunya in an unprecedented outbreak in India after a gap of 32 years.
authors.affiliation: Division of Virology, Defence R & D Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. pabandash@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Parida
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Santhosh
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ambuj
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: J Pradeep
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lakshmi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mamidi
authors.forename: M V S
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Subhalaxmi
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Lakshmana Rao
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sekhar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018354:Alphavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002460:Cell Line; D002646:Chikungunya virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins