Designer aminoglycosides: the race to develop improved antibiotics and compounds for the treatment of human genetic diseases.
Aminoglycosides are highly potent, broad-spectrum antibiotics that exert their bactericidal therapeutic effect by selectively binding to the decoding aminoacyl site (A-site) of the bacterial 16 S rRNA, thereby interfering with translational fidelity during protein synthesis. The appearance of bacterial strains resistant to these drugs, as well as their relative toxicity, have inspired extensive searches towards the goal of obtaining novel molecular designs with improved antibacterial activity and reduced toxicity. In the last few years, a new, aminoglycoside dependent therapeutic approach for the treatment of certain human genetic diseases has been identified. These treatments rely on the ability of certain aminoglycosides to induce mammalian ribosomes to readthrough premature stop codon mutations. This new and challenging task has introduced fresh research avenues in the field of aminoglycoside research. Recent observations and current challenges in the design of aminoglycosides with improved antibacterial activity and the treatment of human genetic diseases are discussed.
Hainrichson
Mariana
M
The Edith and Joseph Fischer Enzyme Inhibitors Laboratory, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
Nudelman
Igor
I
Baasov
Timor
T
D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015195:Drug Design; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D030342:Genetic Diseases, Inborn / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents