title: Results of the T2 humeral nailing system with special focus on compression interlocking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The outcome of interlocking nailing of humeral shaft fractures is controversial. Variations in implants, operative technique and follow-up parameters hinder comparative studies. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the T2 humeral nailing system according to clinical results, and to recognise advantages and disadvantages of compression interlocking.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 36 consecutive humeral shaft fractures were treated with an interlocking humeral nail. In 23 cases the antegrade and in 14 cases the retrograde approach was used. Compression locking was performed in 21 and static locking in 15 cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 22-month follow-up, bone consolidation was present in 35 cases; in 5 cases complications developed. There was no significant difference between compression and static locking nor between the antegrade and retrograde approach regarding complications, Constant shoulder score, mean Morrey elbow score, SF-12 physical score or SF-12 mental score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antegrade and retrograde interlocking nailing of humeral shaft fractures with the T2 nailing system can result in good functional outcome and unimpaired quality of life. Compression interlocking can minimise the fracture gap and increase the biomechanical stiffness. Potential disadvantages of compression interlocking include possible bending or loosening of the locking screw in the dynamic oblong hole. An additional static locking screw should be used on the humerus after compression interlocking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07740 Jena, Germany. thomas.mueckly@med.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mückley
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diefenbeck
authors.forename: Anthony T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Sorkin
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beimel
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goebel
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bühren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001858:Bone Nails; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000379:methods*; D017102:Fracture Healing; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D016896:Treatment Outcome