title: Hormone and recovery responses to resistance exercise with slow movement.
abstract: This study examined acute hormone and recovery responses to resistance exercise with slow movements. Six men performed three types of exercise regimens (five sets of knee extension exercise): (1) high-intensity resistance exercise with normal movement (HN; 1 s for lifting action, 1 s for lowering action), (2) low-intensity resistance exercise with slow movement (LS; 3 s for lifting action, 3 s for lowering action), and (3) low-intensity resistance exercise with normal movement (LN; 1 s for lifting action, 1 s for lowering action). The intensity in the first set was set at approximately 80% of 1RM for HN and 40% of 1RM for LS and LN. In the HN and LS, the subjects performed each exercise set until exhaustion. In the LN, both intensity and number of repetitions were matched with those for LS. The total work volume in the HN showed approximately double the value of LS and LN (P < 0.05). Electromyography (EMG) data indicated that LS showed sustained EMG signals throughout the exercise. During the exercise, the HN and LS showed lower muscle oxygenation levels. After the exercise, LS caused significantly greater norepinephrine and free testosterone responses (delta value) than in the HN and LN (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the recovery of maximal isometric strength, isokinetic strength, and jump performance between the HN and LS. These results indicate that slow movements during the resistance exercise are important for the enhancement of hormonal responses, especially catecholamine and free testosterone, but they do not affect muscle strength recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo, Japan. kagotoh@mac.com
authors.forename: Kazushige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takamatsu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D004576:Electromyography; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D007551:Isotonic Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D010100:Oxygen; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine