title: Frontal sled tests comparing rear and forward facing child restraints with 1-3 year old dummies.
abstract: Although most countries recommend transitioning children from rear facing (RF) to forward facing (FF) child restraints at one year of age, Swedish data suggests that RF restraints are more effective. The objective of this study was to compare RF and FF orientations in frontal sled tests. Four dummies (CRABI 12 mo, Q1.5, Hybrid III 3 yr, and Q3) were used to represent children from 1 to 3 years of age. Restraint systems tested included both 1) LATCH and 2) rigid ISOFIX with support leg designs. Rear facing restraints with support legs provided the best results for all injury measures, while RF restraints in general provided the lowest chest displacements and neck loads.
authors.affiliation: Center for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Sherwood
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Crandall
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000293:Adolescent; D001336:Automobiles / Q000592:standards*; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015370:Infant Equipment / Q000592:standards*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012449:Safety; D014481:United States; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*