title: Should patients with type 2 diabetes and raised liver enzymes be referred for further evaluation of liver disease?
abstract: Raised liver enzymes are common in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) but often considered benign. Non-alcoholic fatty liver was the cause in 65% of cases but other causes included alcoholic liver disease and viral hepatitis. Cirrhosis was identified in 11 patients. There is a significant burden of advanced liver diseases from a variety of aetiologies in patients with T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Diamantina Institute for Cancer, Immunology and Metabolic Medicine, Ground Floor, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia. i.hickman@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Ingrid J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Hickman
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Johannes B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Prins
authors.forename: Graeme A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Macdonald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008108:Liver Diseases, Alcoholic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase