title: Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is without adjuvant effect in mice on ovalbumin.
abstract: It has been suggested that one possible contributor to the increasing prevalence of IgE-mediated allergic diseases in Europe and the US is exposure to chemicals that may act as adjuvants. It has been reported previously that certain commonly used phthalate plasticizers, such as di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), are able to modify immune responses induced in mice by the common hens' egg allergen ovalbumin (OVA). However, the significance of these observations for human health is unclear, not least because the relevant studies have been conducted exclusively using subcutaneous administration of phthalates. We have therefore investigated the ability of DEHP when applied topically to affect anti-OVA antibody responses induced by subcutaneous exposure to OVA in BALB/c strain mice. Doses of DEHP (50mg) were used that resulted in a marked (approximately 30%) increase in liver weight. Dose-responses were conducted in order to identify doses of OVA that were sub-optimal for both anti-OVA IgG1 and IgE antibody responses: 1microg and 0.05microg, respectively. Under these conditions of exposure, topical administration of DEHP was without impact on antibody responses, regardless of whether DEHP was applied local or distant to the site of OVA immunization. Topical application of concentrations of DEHP that provoked marked systemic effects was without effect on the induction of immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. rebecca.dearman@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Rebecca Jane
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Dearman
authors.forename: Lorna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beresford
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Helen Theresa
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Caddick
authors.forename: Catherine Jean
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Betts
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kimber
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000485:Allergens / Q000633:toxicity; D000534:Alum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology*; D010323:Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000485:Allergens; D000534:Alum Compounds; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C041524:aluminum sulfate; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D010047:Ovalbumin; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate