title: Iodine inhibits antiadhesive effect of PEG: implications for tissue engineering.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The success of a biomaterial implant may be affected by the surface chemistry's impact on protein adsorption. We have developed a series of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) containing, tyrosine-derived polycarbonates, which have been rendered radio-opaque by the iodination of tyrosine units in the copolymer backbone for use in resorbable biomedical implants including vascular stents and grafts. We tested the hypothesis that protein adsorption along with seeding, growth, and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) and human aortic endothelial cells (EC) will be modified by the presence of iodine and PEG within the polymer composition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thin films of these polymers were prepared for the protein-material and cell-material interaction studies. Dot blot, SDS-PAGE, and XPS were used to evaluate relative protein adsorption. Cell adhesion and growth studies were performed using an MTS assay. Cell migration was evaluated using an injury model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of PEG attenuated protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and growth. With the subsequent incorporation of iodine, protein adsorption markedly increased while the antiadhesive effect of PEG was counteracted by iodine for EC and SMC adhesion and SMC growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iodine incorporation into the polymer resulted in increased protein adsorption thus counteracting the effect of PEG.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
authors.forename: Danielle K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Macario
authors.forename: Ildiko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Entersz
authors.forename: Durgadas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bolikal
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kohn
authors.forename: Gary B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Nackman
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology; D002254:Carbonates / Q000737:chemistry; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000737:chemistry; D008956:Models, Chemical; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002254:Carbonates; D011108:Polymers; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D014443:Tyrosine; D007455:Iodine