title: Inactivation of conidia of Penicillium chrysogenum, P. digitatum and P. italicum by ethanol solutions and vapours.
abstract: A fractional factorial design, 2(5-1) experiments, was used for assessing the influence of 5 factors: water activity, aw [0.7, 0.9], temperature, T ( degrees C) [10, 30], mode of application, A [liquid, vapour], ethanol concentration, E (% w/w) [5, 10] and time, t (d) [1, 4] on the inactivation of spores of Penicillium chrysogenum, P. digitatum and P. italicum. Survival was determined by germination at optimal conditions within 3d. The experimental response was log (N 0/Nt), where N 0 and Nt (spore ml(-1)) the concentrations of viable spores at t=0 and t respectively. By a decreasing order of sensitivity to ethanol, moulds were ranked as followed: P. digitatum, P. italicum and P. chrysogenum. A greater inactivation for P. digitatum, P. italicum, that were the most sensitive moulds to ethanol, was obtained by applying vapour rather than ethanol solution. The order of significance of the main factors depended upon the mould. The key factor for explaining inactivation of P. chrysogenum was water activity. But, temperature was the main factor for explaining inactivation of P. digitatum and P. italicum. In the more drastic conditions, (i.e., 0.7 aw, 30 degrees C, 10% w/w ethanol), all spores were inactivated by applying liquid solution for 4d.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Microbiologiques et Alimentaires, Université de Bourgogne, ENS.BANA, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Thien
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dao
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bensoussan
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gervais
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dantigny
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D005520:Food Preservatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D005740:Gases; D010407:Penicillium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010408:Penicillium chrysogenum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005520:Food Preservatives; D005740:Gases; D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol