title: Dental fluorosis prevalence and severity using Dean's index based on six teeth and on 28 teeth.
abstract: To contrast the sensitivity, specificity, and positive-negative predictive values between dental fluorosis prevalence scored on 28 (DF28) and on six permanent teeth (DF6), we undertook a cross-sectional study on 1,538 adolescents (12 and 15 years old) residing in Hidalgo State, Mexico, a naturally fluoridated (>0.7 ppm) area at an elevated altitude (>2,500 m above sea level). Dental fluorosis was scored using Deans modified index. Using the scores obtained for all teeth present (DF28) as a gold standard, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive-negative predictive values, and receiver operating characteristic and concordance index pertaining to the scores based on six teeth (upper incisors and canines). DF28 fluorosis prevalence was 81.7%; based on DF6, it was 58.7% (23% difference). Among 12 year olds, the difference between DF28 and DF6 was 20.1% (84.5 vs. 64.4%); among 15 year olds, it was 25.4% (79.4 vs. 54%). Among girls, it was 23.2% (81.1 vs. 57.9%) and among boys, 22.8% (82.2 vs. 59.4%). The fluorosis community indices were 1.75 (DF28) and 1.11 (DF6). All positive predictive values reached 100% while negative predictive values were below 45%. Concordance between DF28 and DF6 was 53.9%, and kappa coefficient was 0.40. Partial scoring of fluorosis based on esthetically important permanent teeth underestimated prevalence, compared to full-mouth scoring. The decision to use an abridged Dean's index protocol must take into account the number of teeth examined, and which specific teeth are examined, to appraise the benefit of reduced data collection effort against possible information loss.
authors.affiliation: Area Académica de Odontología del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. cemedinas@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Carlo Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Medina-Solis
authors.forename: América Patricia
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Pontigo-Loyola
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maupome
authors.forename: Hector
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lamadrid-Figueroa
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Loyola-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández-Romano
authors.forename: Juan José
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Villalobos-Rodelo
authors.forename: Ma
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Lourdes Marquez-Corona
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003753:Dental Health Surveys; D005260:Female; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity