title: Hydrogenated fat intake during pregnancy and lactation modifies serum lipid profile and adipokine mRNA in 21-day-old rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether feeding pregnant and lactating rats hydrogenated fats rich in trans-fatty acids modifies the plasma lipid profiles and the expression of adipokines involved with insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease in their 21-d-old offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant and lactating Wistar rats were fed with a control diet (C group) or one enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat (T group). After delivery, male offspring were weighed weekly and killed at day 21 of life by decapitation. Blood and retroperitoneal, epididymal, and subcutaneous white adipose tissues were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Offspring of T-group rats had increased serum triacylglycerols and cholesterol, white adipose tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression, and carcass lipid content and decreased blood leptin and adiponectin and adiponectin gene expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ingestion of hydrogenated vegetable fat by the mother during gestation and lactation alters the blood lipid profiles and the expression of proinflammatory adipokynes by the adipose tissue of offspring aged 21 d.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, São Paulo Federal University-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Pisani
authors.forename: Lila M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: Allain A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Biz
authors.forename: Kelse T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.forename: Eliane B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Claudia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Oller do Nascimento
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006865:Hydrogenation; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007774:Lactation; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D004041:Dietary Fats; D008055:Lipids; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002784:Cholesterol