title: The trichotillomania scale for children: development and validation.
abstract: Trichotillomania (TTM) is a chronic impulse control disorder characterized by repetitive hair-pulling resulting in alopecia. Although this condition is frequently observed in children and adolescents, research on pediatric TTM has been hampered by the absence of validated measures. The aim of the present study was to develop and test a new self-report measure of pediatric TTM, the Trichotillomania Scale for Children (TSC), a measure that can be completed by children and/or their parents. One hundred thirteen children meeting self-report criteria for TTM, and 132 parents, provided data over the internet. An additional 41 child-parent dyads from an outpatient clinic also provided data. Replicated principal components analysis, with elimination of poorly-loading items, yielded two components, which we labeled Severity (five items) and Distress/Impairment (seven items). The TSC total score and subscales showed adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Parent-child agreement was good in the internet sample, but more modest in the clinic sample. Children's TSC scores correlated significantly with other measures of TTM severity, although some exceptions were noted. Parents' TSC scores correlated significantly with other measures of parent-rated TTM severity in the internet sample, but showed more attenuated relationships with child- and interviewer-rated TTM severity in the clinic sample. The present results suggest that the TSC may be a useful measure of TTM for child and adolescent samples, although additional clarification of convergent validity is needed.
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Living, Anxiety Disorders Center, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT 06106, USA. dtolin@harthosp.org
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Tolin
authors.forename: Gretchen J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Diefenbach
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Flessner
authors.forename: Martin E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Keuthen
authors.forename: Phoebe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piacentini
authors.forename: Dan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Douglas W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Woods
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000505:Alopecia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014256:Trichotillomania / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology