title: Characterization of HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations in infants infected by mothers who received peripartum nevirapine prophylaxis in Jos, Nigeria.
abstract: This study was carried out to characterize HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations in vertically infected infants in Jos, Nigeria. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 102 infants, aged 0 to 6 months, born to HIV-1-infected mothers who had received peripartum single-dose nevirapine prophylaxis. PCR-based diagnosis revealed that 14 infants (13.7%) were infected with HIV-1. Phylogenetic analyses of RT revealed wide viral diversity, with CRF02_AG, subtype G, subsubtype A3, CRF06_cpx, and a subtype D recombinant present in the population. Four of 13 (31%) infants had NNRTI resistance mutations--V179I (2 infants), Y181C, and V179E. Intriguingly, subtype G sequences did not have NNRTI mutations but rather carried a Q207N mutation, which may undergo negative selection under drug pressure. Our data suggest wide diversity for vertically transmitted HIV-1 viruses in Nigeria and highlight the potential significance of transmitting rare mutations in subtype G.
authors.affiliation: Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
authors.forename: Akinyemi I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Ojesina
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mullins
authors.forename: Godwin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Imade
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Samuels
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sankalé
authors.forename: Sunday
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pam
authors.forename: Solomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sagay
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Idoko
authors.forename: Phyllis J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kanki
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009549:Nigeria; D010802:Phylogeny; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019829:Nevirapine; C514824:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase