title: Neuroprotective properties of gallic acid from Sanguisorbae radix on amyloid beta protein (25--35)-induced toxicity in cultured rat cortical neurons.
abstract: Our previous studies reported that methanol extract of Sanguisorbae radix from Sanguisorba officinalis L. (Rosaceae) prevented neuronal cell damage induced by Abeta (25-35) in vitro. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of gallic acid isolated from Sanguisorbae radix on Abeta (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity using cultured rat cortical neurons. Gallic acid (0.1, 1 microM) showed a concentration-dependent inhibition on Abeta (25-35) (10 microM)-induced apoptotic neuronal death, as assessed by a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Hoechst 33,342 staining. Pretreatment of gallic acid inhibited 10 microM Abeta (25-35)-induced elevation of cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which were measured by fluorescent dyes. Gallic acid also inhibited glutamate release into medium induced by 10 microM Abeta (25-35), which was measured by HPLC. These results suggest that gallic acid prevents Abeta (25-35)-induced apoptotic neuronal death by interfering with the increase of [Ca(2+)](c), and then by inhibiting glutamate release and generation of ROS, and that these effects of gallic acid may be partly associated with the neuroprotective effect of Sanguisorbae radix.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.forename: Ha Thi Thuy
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Hee-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soon Ock
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hyun Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Ju Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kihwan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Kyung-Sik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Yeon Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Seong
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D031993:Sanguisorba / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C074636:amyloid beta-protein (25-35); D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005707:Gallic Acid; D002118:Calcium