title: [Serotonin syndrome following methylene blue infusion during parathyroidectomy: a case report and literature review].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of autonomic, neurological and neuromuscular instability following methylene blue infusion for parathyroidectomy; to advance the argument for a diagnosis of serotonin syndrome; and to consider this diagnosis in previous, unexplained reports of adverse reactions amongst patients undergoing parathyroidectomy using methylene blue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methylene blue was administered to a 58-yr-old woman undergoing a parathyroidectomy under general anesthesia. The patient had a background of obsessive compulsive disorder treated with paroxetine. Postoperatively, she demonstrated symptoms and signs of serotonin syndrome; specifically tachycardia, agitation, dystonia and abnormal eye movements. These clinical findings spontaneously resolved themselves over the subsequent 48 hr.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An interaction between methylene blue and serotonergic agents may give rise to the serotonin syndrome. Consideration should be given to avoiding methylene blue in patients taking serotonergic agents. The diagnosis should be considered in patients with autonomic, neuromuscular or neurological changes and should be managed accordingly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand. bkwng@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Bradley K W
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Andrew J D
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: Rhea
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rahman
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004421:Dystonia / Q000139:chemically induced; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy; D016105:Parathyroidectomy; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000209:etiology; D020230:Serotonin Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008751:Methylene Blue; D017374:Paroxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors