title: Does microbleed predict haemorrhagic transformation after acute atherothrombotic or cardioembolic stroke?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cerebral microbleeds (MBs) are known to be indicative of bleeding-prone microangiopathy and may predict incident intracerebral haemorrhage. However, there is controversy concerning the causal relationship between the presence of MBs and haemorrhagic transformation (HTf) after ischaemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of the 1034 patients with acute ischaemic stroke who were consecutively admitted to our hospital, 377 patients with stroke due to large-artery atherothrombosis or cardioembolism were selected for participation in this study. We examined the MBs using T2*-weighted gradient-echo MRI performed within 24 hours after admission, and the incidence of HTf was assessed using follow-up brain MRI during the hospitalisation period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 377 patients with stroke, 234 were male (62.1%) and the mean age was 66.2 +/-11.7 years. MBs were initially found in 109 patients (28.9%), and newly incident HTf was noted during the hospitalisation period in 74 patients (19.6%). The presence of MBs was not increased in the patients with HTf (24.3% vs. 30.0% in the patients without HTf; p = 0.331). In addition, the number of MBs was not higher in the patients with HTf (0.7+/-1.5 vs. 1.8+/-8.1; p = 0.234). This lack of significance between MBs and HTf persisted after stratification by stroke mechanism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that underlying MBs do not predict incident HTf after acute ischaemic stroke. The clinical significance of MBs should be differentially evaluated according to the type of disease (intracerebral haemorrhage vs. HTf).
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S-H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: B-S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J-K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Roh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004617:Embolism / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors