title: CD47 associates with alpha 5 integrin and regulates responses of human articular chondrocytes to mechanical stimulation in an in vitro model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies provide evidence of roles for integrins in mechanical signalling in bone and cartilage. Integrin signalling is modulated by various mechanisms, including interaction with other transmembrane proteins. We aimed to identify whether one such protein, integrin-associated protein (CD47/IAP), is expressed by chondrocytes and whether it may regulate integrin-dependent mechanotransduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chondrocytes, isolated from macroscopically normal and osteoarthritic articular cartilage of human knee joints, were studied in a resting state or following mechanical stimulation at 0.33 Hz. CD47/IAP expression and associations were confirmed by immunohistology, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation. Roles in mechanotransduction were studied by assessing effects of function-blocking antibodies on a range of electrophysiological, cellular, and molecular responses of primary chondrocytes and responses of CD47/IAP-null cell lines transfected with CD47/IAP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human articular chondrocytes were shown to express CD47/IAP, predominantly the type 2 isoform. Immunoprecipitation showed association of CD47/IAP with alpha5 integrin and thrombospondin but not SIRPalpha (signal-regulatory protein-alpha). The function-blocking anti-CD47/IAP antibody Bric 126 inhibited changes in membrane potential, tyrosine phosphorylation, and elevation of relative levels of aggrecan mRNA induced by mechanical stimulation, whereas in the presence of B6H12, an antibody that has partial agonist activity, a membrane depolarisation rather than a membrane hyperpolarisation response was induced by mechanical stimulation. CD47-null cell lines did not show changes in cell membrane potential following mechanical stimulation. Changes in cell membrane potential following mechanical stimulation were seen when CD47-null cells were transfected with CD47/IAP expression vectors but were not seen following mechanical stimulation of cells transfected with vectors for the extracellular immunoglobulin variable (IgV) domain of CD47/IAP in the absence of the transmembrane and intracellular domains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD47/IAP is necessary for chondrocyte mechanotransduction. Through interactions with alpha5beta1 integrin and thrombospondin, CD47/IAP may modulate chondrocyte responses to mechanical signals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Ahwaz Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran. m_orazizadeh@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orazizadeh
authors.forename: Herng Sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Groenendijk
authors.forename: S Jane Millward
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sadler
authors.forename: Malcolm O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Frederik P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Salter
mesh_terms: D053674:Aggrecans / Q000235:genetics; D051928:CD47 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D039081:Integrin alpha5beta1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular / Q000502:physiology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053674:Aggrecans; D051928:CD47 Antigen; D039081:Integrin alpha5beta1; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014443:Tyrosine