title: Early electroretinographic features of streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study set out to document the early electrophysiological and immunohistochemical changes that occur in the retina of experimentally induced diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ). Electroretinogram readings were taken monthly under either short-duration or long-duration stimuli for up to 3 months after STZ. Oscillatory potentials (OP) and the amplitudes and implicit times of a- and b-waves were analysed, and b-wave amplitudes were analysed using a Naka-Rushton fit. Scotopic a-waves were analysed with photoreceptor models, and Rmp3 (the maximum a-wave amplitude) and S (sensitivity) were calculated. Three months after STZ injection, immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein was performed on the retinas of the STZ-treated rats and age-matched controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The implicit OP times were significantly longer in the diabetic rats as compared with the controls, and this difference was noted as early as 1 month following STZ treatment. Other electrophysiological parameters, such as OP amplitudes, a- and b-wave amplitude as well as the implicit times, did not differ from controls at this stage. The sacrificed STZ-treated rats also demonstrated marked enhancement of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity, suggesting that at least in experimentally induced diabetic retinopathy there is increased Müller cell reactivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicated that functional alterations in the retina develop rapidly after the onset of diabetes. Analysis of each electroretinogram component may be useful in further investigating the development mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy.
authors.affiliation: University Eye Hospital, Tübingen, Germany. shinodak@med.oita-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinoda
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rejdak
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schuettauf
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blatsios
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Völker
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
authors.forename: Tatar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Olcay
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gekeler
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lehaci
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Naskar
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zagorski
authors.forename: Eberhart
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zrenner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004596:Electroretinography; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein