title: Insulin glargine added to therapy with oral antidiabetic agents improves glycemic control and reduces long-term complications in patients with type 2 diabetes - a simulation with the Diabetes Mellitus Model (DMM).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two insulin therapies with respect to long-term complications in type 2 diabetes patients using the Diabetes Mellitus Model (DMM). The therapies under investigation were insulin glargine combined with the oral antidiabetic agents, glimepiride and metformin, (BOT = basal supported oral treatment) and premixed insulin (CT = conventional therapy).
  
  
  METHODS
  The DMM predicts complications over a 10-year period using data from published studies. Particular interest is placed on the influence of HbA1c levels related to time. The simulations are based on 10,000 virtual patients taking BOT and CT and the clinical data are based on the results of the LAPTOP study (Lantus + Amaryl + metformin versus premixed insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after failing oral treatment pathways) comparing BOT and CT for 24 weeks. The simulations were performed in patients aged 60 A+/- 9 years with type 2 diabetes in which the duration of disease had a baseline of 9 A+/- 7 years. Sensitivity analyses were carried out by changing the response rate of those on BOT, the age of patients and duration of diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall relative risk reductions obtained with BOT versus CT for the base case are, 11% for the nervous and vascular systems, 7% for the renal system, 5% for ophthalmic disorders, 3% for the cardiovascular system and mortality and 6% for any kind of event after 10 years. The advantages of BOT were robust to all the changes in the sensitivity analyses. When compared with the base case, the best therapeutic effects were obtained in younger patients who had been diabetic for a shorter period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the DMM data from the LAPTOP study, simulations based on both therapies showed that the BOT regimen provides better glycemic control and reduction in HbA1c thereby leading to a reduction in the long-term complications of diabetes and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Klinikum Bremen Nord, Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Janka
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hessel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walzer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mã Ller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003198:Computer Simulation; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008687:Metformin; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; C057619:glimepiride