title: The long-term efficacy of fissurectomy and botulinum toxin injection for chronic anal fissure in females.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Healing rates for botulinum toxin injection for anal fissure may be improved if combined with fissurectomy. This procedure has a decreased risk of incontinence, which is particularly important in females. We investigated the long-term efficacy of fissurectomy and botulinum toxin injection for chronic resistant fissures in females.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female patients who consented underwent excision of the fissure edges and injection of 25-100 units of botulinum into the intersphincteric space. Patients were followed up 2 months after the procedure and over a period of up to 39 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-six patients (mean age, 42 years) were recruited. No patient had incontinence symptoms preoperatively. At a median follow-up period of 11 months, there was a cure rate of 85 percent in 44 patients. After a median follow-up of 22 months, 12 more patients were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining patients, 16 (50 percent) suffered recurrence during the follow-up period. Five patients required further surgical intervention. Three patients suffered chronic perianal infection requiring antibiotic treatment or surgery. There was one case of incontinence at final assessment: the patient complained of urge incontinence, which has persisted for more than 18 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fissurectomy and botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of chronic anal fissure in females seems to be effective in the medium-term but there is a high rate of late recurrence. However, only a minority of patients proceed to more invasive surgical intervention, which may make it a useful option in patients not suitable for lateral sphincterotomy.
authors.affiliation: The Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom. walbaraza@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Wal
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Baraza
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boereboom
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shorthouse
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005401:Fissure in Ano / Q000628:therapy*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A