title: Functional and morphological evaluation of hand microcirculation with nailfold capillaroscopy and laser Doppler imaging in Raynaud's and Sjögren's syndrome and poly/dermatomyositis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nailfold capillaroscopy is widely used in autoimmune patients to determine capillary morphology. Laser Doppler imaging (LDI) is a relatively new method for measuring the microcirculation of cutaneous perfusion. The aim of this study was to investigate the capillary morphology and microcirculation among patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and poly/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) with these two non-invasive methods and to detect secondary Raynaud's syndrome (SRS) in these autoimmune diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with primary SS, 30 patients with PM/DM, 30 patients with primary Raynaud's syndrome (PRS), and 30 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Nailfold capillaroscopy and LDI were performed on each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A comprehensive analysis was performed among the patients and healthy individuals. Among SS patients avascularity and among PM/DM patients avascularity and capillary morphology changes were most often detected by capillaroscopy. With LDI the mean steady-state cutaneous perfusion was 1.25 perfusion units (PU) in region of interest 1 (ROI1), 1.22 in ROI2, and 1.49 at the fingertips in PRS patients; the corresponding values were 1.2, 1.03, and 1.48 PU in SS, 0.91, 0.76, and 1.19 PU in PM/DM, and 1.79, 1.62, and 2.2 PU in the controls. The differences were significant between each autoimmune group compared to the control group (p<0.02, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By using nailfold capillaroscopy, abnormalities in capillary morphology can be detected, and by using LDI, the reduced blood flow in the capillaries can be detected. These investigations can be useful in the detection of SRS, or in distinguishing whether the reduced blood flow is due to primary/systemic autoimmune diseases.
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. szabnora@yahoo.com
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Csiki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szanto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Danko
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szodoray
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeher
mesh_terms: D002196:Capillaries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003882:Dermatomyositis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005385:Fingers / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006225:Hand / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology*; D009262:Nails / Q000098:blood supply*; D017285:Polymyositis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography