title: Repeated high dose imidocarb dipropionate treatment did not eliminate Babesia caballi from naturally infected horses as determined by PCR-reverse line blot hybridization.
abstract: Imidocarb treatment of horses infected with Babesia caballi is supposed to eliminate the infection, but data on the efficacy of this treatment is scarce. The study presented here concerns four Paso Fino horses, which were imported into the island of Curacao on the basis of a piroplasmosis negative complement fixation test (CFT). Upon re-testing with an indirect fluorescent antibody test immediately after arrival in Curacao, two horses appeared to have antibodies to B. caballi and all horses had antibodies to Theileria equi. Subsequent testing with polymerase chain reaction combined with a reverse line blot yielded positive results for both agents in all four horses. Treatment with five consecutive doses of imidocarb dipropionate (4.7 mg/kg BW im q 72 h), temporarily resulted in negative results, but B. caballi and T. equi were detected again in the samples taken at 6 and 18 weeks after completion of the treatment. These results confirm that the CFT is not a suitable test for pre-import testing and that even high dose treatment with imidocarb may not be capable of eliminating B. caballi and T. equi infections from healthy carriers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Equine Sciences, Medicine Section, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.153, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands. c.m.butler@uu.nl
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nijhof
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van der Kolk
authors.forename: O B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: de Haseth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taoufik
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jongejan
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Houwers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000592:standards / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001403:Babesia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001404:Babesiosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D015139:Blotting, Southern / Q000662:veterinary*; D003168:Complement Fixation Tests / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006736:Horses; D007095:Imidocarb / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000592:standards / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary*; D016794:Theileria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013801:Theileriasis / Q000175:diagnosis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D007095:Imidocarb; C031719:imidocarb dipropionate