title: N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide induced differentiation with repression of telomerase and cell cycle to increase interferon-gamma sensitivity for apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells.
abstract: Glioblastoma is the most malignant and prevalent brain tumor in humans. It is composed of heterogenic abnormal astroglial cells that avoid differentiation, maintain proliferation, and hardly commit apoptosis. N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR) induced astrocytic differentiation and increased sensitivity to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) for apoptosis in human glioblastoma A172, LN18, and SNB19 cells. Combination of 4-HPR and IFN-gamma significantly inhibited human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and survivin to up-regulate caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 for increasing apoptosis in all glioblastoma cell lines. Hence, combination of 4-HPR and IFN-gamma should be considered for controlling growth of different human glioblastoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, P.O. Box 250606, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Janardhanan
authors.forename: Naren L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Banik
authors.forename: Swapan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D017313:Fenretinide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D019098:Telomerase / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D017313:Fenretinide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019098:Telomerase; D020169:Caspases