title: Intramedullary fixation using multiple Kirschner wires for forearm fractures: a developing country perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate treatment results of intramedullary fixation using multiple Kirschner wires for diaphyseal forearm fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2001 and January 2004, 184 patients (122 men and 62 women) with 288 displaced diaphyseal forearm fractures underwent intramedullary fixation using multiple Kirschner wires. The wires were inserted by opening the fracture site because radiographic facility for closed pinning was unavailable. The time to union, functional recovery, and the complication rates were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  11 patients were lost to follow-up, leaving 173 whose data was analysed. In 167 (97%) of the patients the fractures united, and in 14 (8%) of them union was delayed. The mean time to union for closed fractures was 13 (range, 7-16) weeks and for open fractures it was 15 (range, 12-22) weeks. The mean time in cast was 6 (range, 3-14) weeks. In all, 34/173 (20%) had complications: superficial infection (n=13), deep infection (n=4), cross-union between bones (n=4), open fracture 'needing' a skin graft (n=2), radial nerve palsy (n=3), paraesthesia (n=1), and non-union (n=7). Among the 173 analysed patients, the infection rate was 10% and the non-union rate was 4%. 130 (75%) of the patients had the wires removed; no re-fracture occurred after wire removal. Based on the Anderson criteria, 47 (27%) of the patients attained excellent, 78 (45%) satisfactory, and 39 (23%) unsatisfactory results. In 9 (5%) of the patients, union failed (7 plain non-union and 2 due to chronic osteomyelitis).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kirschner wires are much cheaper than plates and screws, and require minimal expertise for insertion and removal. They remain acceptable for stabilising displaced diaphyseal forearm fractures in developing countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Tokoin Teaching Hospital, Lome, Togo. grabanl@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abalo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dossim
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Assiobo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walla
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ouderaogo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001864:Bone Wires; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014037:Togo; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014458:Ulna Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*