title: Influence of exposure to vitrification solutions on 2-cell mouse embryos: I. Intracellular potassium and sodium content.
abstract: Intracellular concentrations of potassium and sodium in two-cell mouse embryos in G1/S phase after exposure to vitrification solutions containing vitrificant agents (VFAs) ethane-1,2-diol (ethylene glycol, EG), propane-1,2-diol (propylene glycol, PG), or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and sucrose (S) after incubation in Dulbecco solution were measured by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) as described earlier (CryoLetters, 2006, 27: 87-98). The 4-step protocol was as followed: 10% VFA for 10 min => 30% VFA + 0.7 M S for 1.5 min ==> 0.5 M S for 10 min ==> 10 min pure Dulbecco's. The cytoplasmic concentration of potassium and sodium in immediately flashed out from the oviduct embryos was in range of 120 +/- 2 mM, with good concordance with the previous data (CryoLetters, 2006, 27:87-98). Exposure in Dulbecco's for 30 min did not alter elemental composition, neither did exposure in PG or DMSO for 1.5 min. In contrast, exposure for 1.5 min in EG dropped the level of potassium to 96 +/- 2 mM while elevating level of cytoplasmic sodium to 136 +/- 3 mM. Further exposure to 30%-EG for 3 min led to a two-fold decrease of both elements (60 +/- 3 mM and 66 +/- 2 mM for K and Na, respectively).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, RAS, 142290 Puschino, Moscow Region, Russia. pogorelov@iteb.ru
authors.forename: Alexander G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Pogorelov
authors.forename: Igor I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Katkov
authors.forename: Valentina N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Pogorelova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism*; D019946:Propylene Glycol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D013395:Sucrose; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D012964:Sodium; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D011188:Potassium; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide