title: The lipoprotein lipase serine 447 stop polymorphism is associated with altered serum carotenoid concentrations in the Stanislas Family Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carotenoids are mainly carried by lipoproteins in blood, however little is known about the influence of polymorphisms of apolipoproteins (apo), cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) involved in serum lipid metabolism.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to analyze whether serum concentrations of 5 carotenoids (lutein-zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene) are associated with common polymorphisms of Apo E, Apo B, Apo CIII, CETP, and LPL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum concentrations of lutein-zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene were measured and polymorphisms of Apo E (cys112arg and arg158cys), Apo B (thr71ile), Apo CIII [C(-482)T, Apo CIII T(-455)C, Apo CIII C1100T, Apo CIII C3175G, Apo CIII T3206G], CETP (ile405val), and LPL (S447X) were determined in a sample of 447 children and adults drawn from the Stanislas Study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for age, sex, smoking, physical activity, oral contraceptive use, BMI, serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, and fruit and vegetable intakes, carriers vs. non carriers of the lipoprotein lipase X447 allele had significant lower concentrations of lutein-zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha-carotene and beta-carotene; differences vs. S447S genotype being the largest for X447X: -18.8%, -50.5%, -54.8% and -47.1%, for the four carotenoid fractions, respectively. No significant association was noticed for lycopene concentration. None of the other tested polymorphisms was significantly related to the serum carotenoid concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our investigation for the first time demonstrates that LPL S447X polymorphism could alter serum concentrations of carotenoids in healthy individuals, independently of serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentration. These data indicate that genetic factors could be involved in the variability of carotenoid bioavailability and bioconversion.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U525, Université Henri Poincaré, Faculté de Pharmacie, 30 rue Lionnois, F54000 Nancy, France. Bernard.Herbeth@nancy.inserm.fr
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Herbeth
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gueguen
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leroy
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Siest
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Visvikis-Siest
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics*; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000235:genetics*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D002338:Carotenoids; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase