title: [Microbiological monitoring of milk samples and surface samples in a hospital infant formula room].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Analyze the microbiological quality of reconstituted milk formulas and the surface hygiene in a hospital infant formula room, in the context of a worldwide emergence of Enterobacter sakazakii infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over 3.5 years, monthly samples of reconstituted milk formulas as well as quarterly infant formula room surface samples were taken for bacteriological analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 156 formulas analyzed, 54 carried microorganisms but no pathogenic bacteria. The presence of Bacillus species was found in 54% of the formulas for premature infants and in 19% of the other formulas (significant difference). Bacteria, probably brought by operators during reconstitution of the powdered formulas, were found in four of 156 samples (two negative-coagulase staphylococcus, one alpha-hemolytic streptococcus, and one Clostridium bifermentans). Surfaces were studied using 117 samples divided into 11 series: 4.3% of the points carried pathogenic bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bulhkholderia cepacia, Staphylococcus aureus).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of Bacillus species should be analyzed thoroughly so as to differentiate Bacillus cereus from other nonpathogenic species. The microbiological analysis techniques used for reconstituted infant formulas can be simplified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The quality of the infant formulas seems satisfactory. Hygiene practices provide good microbiological quality in reconstituted infant milk formulas. Microbiological monitoring of these preparations and the infant formula room surfaces is an important aspect of the quality assurance policy, which makes it possible to take corrective measures when an unsatisfactory result is found.
authors.affiliation: Unité d'hygiène hospitalière, CHU de Grenoble, université Joseph-Fourier-Grenoble-I, B.P. 217, 38043 Grenoble cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tudela
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Croizé
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lagier
authors.forename: M-R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mallaret
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001407:Bacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D044083:Cronobacter sakazakii / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000517:prevention & control; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005521:Food Service, Hospital; D006801:Humans; D041943:Infant Formula; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D011208:Powders; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D011208:Powders