title: [Oxidative-antioxidative balance disturbance and risk factors as well as vascular complications in patients with diabetes type 2].
abstract: Hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes induces many pathological states, especially in disturbances cells' metabolism, like disorders of oxidative-antioxidative balance. The advantage of reactive oxygen species (ROS) over antioxidants is a cause of oxidative stress and creates an oxidative molecular damage of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleotides. It causes tissue degeneration, particularly in vascular system. The aim of our study was to evaluate the oxidative-antioxidative balance in patients with type 2 diabetes on the basis of selected parameters of the oxidative stress protein damage: thiol- (SH), carbonyl- (CO) and amino- (NH2) groups as well as advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP), as AOPP/albumin index as well as concentration of low molecular antioxidants (vitamin C, E, urinary acid, bilirubin). The total radical trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) was calculated also according to the mathematics formula. We have examined relationship between this parameters and duration of diabetes and vascular complications as well as risk factors like: hypertension, lipid disorders and obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three patients with type 2 diabetes and 21 healthy persons were examined. The concentrations of SH and CO groups, AOPP as well as vitamin C were assessed colorimetrically, NH2 groups fluorimetrically and vitamin E by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The urinary acid and bilirubin were evaluated using routine clinical assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with type 2 diabetes in comparison to healthy persons were affirmed: the significantly higher concentration of CO groups and AOPP as well as significantly lower concentration of SH groups; the lower concentration of vitamin C and TRAP value (statistically significant) and vitamin E (NS); the higher level of urinary acid (statistically significant) and bilirubin (NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The measurement of AOPP seems to be the best marker of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes, because significant increase of AOPP concentration was observed in patients with long-lasting diabetes (more then 10 years) with macroangiopathy, as well as in obese patients and ones with lipid disorders.
authors.affiliation: Z Katedry i Kliniki Angiologii, Nadciniénia Tetniczego i Diabetologii oraz z Wrocławiu.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knapik-Kordecka
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piwowar
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Warwas
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species