title: Changes in chemical components in the freshwater apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae), in relation to the development of its cold hardiness.
abstract: The apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, is an invasive freshwater snail. It increases its cold hardiness before winter. However, the physiological mechanism of cold hardiness in molluscs is poorly understood, especially in freshwater molluscs. In this study, we examined the changes in low molecular weight compounds, glycogen and lipids, in the body of P. canaliculata in association with the development of cold hardiness. When snails without cold hardiness were experimentally cold-acclimated, the amount of glycerol, glutamine, and carnosine increased, while glycogen and phenylalanine decreased. Overwintering cold-tolerant snails collected from a drained paddy field in November also showed increased glycerol in their bodies with decreasing glycogen concentration, compared to summer snails collected from a submerged field. Water content also decreased during the cold acclimation, although the water loss was minimal. These results indicate that the freshwater snail, P. canaliculata enhances cold hardiness by accumulation of some kinds of low molecular weight compounds in its body as some insects do. However, the actual function of each low molecular compound is still unknown.
authors.affiliation: Research Team for Insect and Nematode Management, National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region, Suya 2421, Koshi, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan. mtkr@affrc.go.jp
authors.forename: Keiichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsukura
authors.forename: Hisaaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsumuki
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wada
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000502:physiology*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D005990:Glycerol / Q000032:analysis; D006003:Glycogen / Q000032:analysis*; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D012908:Snails / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D008055:Lipids; D014867:Water; D006003:Glycogen; D005947:Glucose; D005990:Glycerol