title: Fixed feeding potentiates interdigestive gastric motor activity in rats: importance of eating habits for maintaining interdigestive MMC.
abstract: Endogenous ghrelin regulates the occurrence of interdigestive gastric phase III-like contractions in rats. However, the fasted motor pattern is not as regular and potent in humans and dogs. We hypothesize that eating habits play an important role in maintaining a regular interdigestive gastric contractions. We studied the effect of fixed-feeding regimen on interdigestive gastric contractions and plasma acyl ghrelin levels. The fixed-fed rats were trained to the assigned meal feeding regimen, once daily at 12:00 PM to 4:00 PM for 14 days. Free-fed rats were maintained with free access to food. As ghrelin regulates gastric emptying as well, solid gastric emptying was also studied in fixed-fed rats and free-fed rats. In free-fed rats, two of six rats did not show interdigestive gastric phase III-like contractions. In contrast, phase III-like contractions were observed in all rats 14 days after starting the fixed-feeding regimen. The maximal amplitude of phase III-like contractions significantly increased from 8.4 +/- 0.6 to 16.3 +/- 1.8 g (n = 6, P < 0.05) 14 days after the start of the fixed feeding. Fasted and postprandial plasma ghrelin levels were significantly increased after 14 days of fixed feeding. Solid gastric emptying was significantly accelerated in fixed-fed rats (72.1 +/- 4.2%) compared with that of free-fed rats (58.7 +/- 2.7%, n = 6, P < 0.05). Our present findings suggest that fixed feeding increases plasma ghrelin levels, potent interdigestive contractions, and acceleration of gastric emptying.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ariga
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mantyh
authors.forename: Theodore N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.forename: Toku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D016065:Myoelectric Complex, Migrating / Q000502:physiology*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013270:Stomach / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin