title: Experimentally induced phonation increases matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene expression in normal rabbit vocal fold.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An in vivo rabbit model was used to study the effect of 3 hours of experimentally induced phonation on messenger RNA expression of the normal vocal fold.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective; animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten rabbits received experimental phonation for 3 hours, followed by 1 hour of recovery. A separate group of 5 rabbits served as no-phonation controls. We measured messenger RNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1, MMP-9, and interleukin-1beta using real-time reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction. Gene expression ratios from phonation and control animals were assessed with the Mann-Whitney U test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phonation (77 +/- 3 dB; 429 +/- 141 Hz) resulted in increased matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene expression from rabbits receiving experimental phonation compared with controls, and a nonsignificant increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 and interleukin-1beta gene expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Matrix metalloproteinases play a role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Investigation of cellular responses to experimental phonation may provide insight into how matrix metalloproteinases and other extracellular matrices contribute to maintenance of the vocal fold and development of pathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Bill Wilkerson Center for Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Nashville, TN 37232-4480, USA. bernard.rousseau@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rousseau
authors.forename: PingJiang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Lesley C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Zealear
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Thibeault
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Ossoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015870:Gene Expression; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D010699:Phonation / Q000235:genetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D011817:Rabbits; D020127:Recovery of Function; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1