The risk factors of prostate cancer: a multicentric case-control study in Iran.
Prostate cancer (PC), in Iran, is the third most frequently diagnosed visceral cancer among men and the seventh most common underlying cause of cancer mortality. We evaluated the relation between speculated factors and PC risk using data from a multicentric case-control study conducted in Iran from 2005 to 2007 on 130 cases of incident, clinicopathologically confirmed PC, and 75 controls admitted to the same network of hospitals without any malignant disease. Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. The risk of PC was increased with aging (OR: 5.35, 95% CI: 2.17-13.19; P<0.0001), and with the number of sexual intercourse >or=2 times/week (OR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.2-8.2; P=0.02). One unit elevation in serum estradiol and testosterone concentration was related to increase (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06; P=0.006) and decrease (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.64-0.96; P=0.02) of PC risk, respectively. Cases were less likely to have a history of diabetes (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.12-0.98; P=0.04). Increasing in dietary consumption of lycopene and fat was associated with declined (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.09-2.12) and increased (OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 0.29-19.4) PC development, respectively. Other factors including educational level, marriage status, dietary meat consumption, vasectomy and smoking have not been shown to affect PC risk in the Iranian population. Our study adds further information on the potential risk factors of PC and is the first epidemiologic report from Iran. However, justification of these results requires more well-designed studies with a larger number of participants.
Pourmand
Gholamreza
G
Urology Research Center, Sina Hospital, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Hassan-Abad Sq., Tehran 1136746911, Iran.
Salem
Sepehr
S
Mehrsai
Abdolrasoul
A
Lotfi
Mehrzad
M
Amirzargar
Mohammad Ali
MA
Mazdak
Hamid
H
Roshani
Ali
A
Kheirollahi
Abdolreza
A
Kalantar
Ebrahim
E
Baradaran
Nima
N
Saboury
Babak
B
Allameh
Farzad
F
Karami
Ali
A
Ahmadi
Hamed
H
Jahani
Yunes
Y
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors