title: Frontal cognitive dysfunction in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible frontal cognitive dysfunction in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) and to compare the results with those of patients with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), as well as with controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 patients with JME, 40 patients with FLE, 40 patients with TLE, and 40 normal controls, all matched for age, education, and IQ, were administered tests to assess frontal functions (the Word Fluency Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [WCST]). All participants had a normal intelligence level based on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and did not take medications other than antiepileptics (AEDs) or have a psychiatric history.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with JME had severe impairment in all administered tasks, similar to that of patients with FLE; TLE patients and controls followed in order. Multiple regression analysis did not disclose any significant effect of clinical variables on the cognitive deficits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results clearly suggest that JME patients can show some frontal dysfunction, which may affect both epileptogenic features and cognitive processes. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Center, St. Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy. ada.piazzini@ao-sanpaolo.it
authors.forename: Ada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piazzini
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Aglaia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vignoli
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Canger
authors.forename: Maria Paola
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Canevini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017034:Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000145:classification; D008297:Male; D020190:Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014888:Wechsler Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data