title: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas in Los Angeles County.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use has been associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer; further epidemiologic data appear consistent for stomach and esophageal adenocarcinomas. Yet, data on potential confounding effects by upper gastrointestinal tract (UGI) disorders on adenocarcinomas of the UGI are limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study recruited newly diagnosed patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 220), gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (n = 277), or distal gastric adenocarcinoma (n = 441) as well as 1,356 control subjects in Los Angeles County. Unconditional multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to evaluate the association between regular NSAID use, at least two pills per week for 1 month, and these cancers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Duration of regular use of aspirin and non-aspirin NSAIDs was associated with reduced relative odds of distal gastric adenocarcinoma [>5 years use versus no regular use: odds ratio (OR), 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.92; P(trend) = 0.009] and esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.38-0.95; P(trend) = 0.04) in multivariable models that included history of UGI disorders and other potential confounding factors. Daily regular use was also associated with statistically significant reduced ORs of these two tumor types. No significant heterogeneity in risk estimates was noted after stratification by history of UGI disorders for any of the sites studied. However, irregular users of NSAIDs also had reduced risk of these cancers when compared with nonusers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results from this study support an inverse association between regular NSAID use and risk of esophageal and distal gastric adenocarcinomas in individuals with and without a history of UGI disorders with long duration and daily use, providing the greatest risk reduction. Reduced risk in irregular users suggests that factors other than an effect on cyclooxygenase may also be important.
authors.affiliation: Division of Population Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Anna H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sullivan-Halley
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bernstein
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002299:Cardia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015141:Los Angeles / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal