title: Post-cardioversion transesophageal echocardiography (POSTEC) strategy with the use of enoxaparin for brief anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation patients: the multicenter POSTEC trial (a pilot study).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), we sought to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)-guided strategy, aimed at selecting, 7 days post-cardioversion, those patients who are at low risk (i.e. who can terminate anticoagulation after a second TEE) and those at high risk (i.e. who have to continue it).
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 206 patients with non-valvular AF into a randomized, multicenter clinical trial. Group A patients underwent a TEE-guided cardioversion with heparin and at least 4 weeks of oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) after cardioversion. Group B patients received enoxaparin and underwent a TEE-guided cardioversion. After 7 days, a second TEE was carried out. In the absence of TEE thromboembolic risk factors and left atrial appendage (LAA) dysfunction anticoagulation was discontinued.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group A, 88 out of 102 patients underwent TEE and cardioversion was efficacious in 77 of 78. In group B, 100 out of 104 patients underwent TEE and cardioversion was efficacious in 80 of 87 patients; 55 patients underwent the second TEE and enoxaparin was stopped in 50 without LAA dysfunction. In group A, one transient ischemic attack and one sudden cardiac death occurred. In group B, one patient with complex aortic plaques suffered a stroke during enoxaparin. There was a minor hemorrhage in groups A and B, and a severe hemorrhage in a patient during OAT because of persistent atrial stunning. Hospitalization length and duration of anticoagulation were significantly shorter in group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pre/post-cardioversion TEE strategy with enoxaparin in AF may constitute a feasible and safe approach in selecting patients at low thromboembolic risk who can benefit from precocious termination of anticoagulation (7 days after cardioversion). It may be also useful to identify those patients in whom a life-lasting anticoagulation could be beneficial. A larger trial to confirm these findings is under way.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Policlinico Hospital of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sorino
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Colonna
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: Scipione
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carerj
authors.forename: Esmeralda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oliva
authors.forename: Salvatore M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: De Tommasi
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Flaviano
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iacopi
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: D'Amato
authors.forename: Giacinto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pettinati
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Montericcio
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cualbu
authors.forename: Italo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Luca
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004554:Electric Countershock; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012107:Research Design; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin; D006493:Heparin