Does the patient history predict hepatotoxicity after acute paracetamol overdose?
BACKGROUND
Initial management of patients who were presented to hospital after acute paracetamol overdose depends on the suspected amount ingested and more than 12 g is potentially fatal. However, the validity of this approach has received comparatively little attention.


METHODS
The present study is sought to establish whether the stated paracetamol dose might predict systemic exposure and risk of hepatotoxicity. A prospective observational study of consecutive patients presenting to the Emergency Department due to acute paracetamol overdose was performed. Serum paracetamol concentrations between 4 and 15 h post-ingestion were compared with the Rumack-Matthew '200-line' nomogram, and hepatotoxicity was defined by prothrombin time ratio >1.3 or alanine transaminase > or =1000 U/l.


RESULTS
There were 987 patients, and the stated quantity of paracetamol ingested was 0-12 g in 475 (48.1%), >12 g in 349 (35.4%) and unknown in 163 (16.5%). Ingestion of >12 g was associated with paracetamol concentration above the '200-line' in 31.8% (95% CI 27.1-36.9%) vs. 3.2% (1.9-5.2%), P < 0.0001 by chi2 proportional test, and associated with hepatotoxicity in 6.9% (4.6-10.1%) vs. 1.3% (0.5-2.8%), P = 0.0001.


CONCLUSIONS
Therefore, ingestion of >12 g predicted higher paracetamol exposure and increased risk of hepatotoxicity and supports the validity of patient history in this context.
Waring
W S
WS
Scottish Poisons Information Bureau, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK. s.waring@ed.ac.uk
Robinson
O D G
OD
Stephen
A F L
AF
Dow
M A
MA
Pettie
J M
JM
D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000506:poisoning*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000506:poisoning*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology*; D062787:Drug Overdose; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D015415:Biomarkers; D000082:Acetaminophen; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases