title: [Female urinary stress incontinence: analysis of pathophysiological hypothesis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urinary incontinence is defined by the International Continence Society as an involuntary loss of urine that's enough to cause a social or hygiene concern. The current study is a literature review focused on the pathophysiological hypothesis for stress urinary incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of the literature on PubMed Medline. Keywords used: urinary incontinence, stress, pathophysiology, intrinsic sphincteric deficiency, urethra, muscle, pelvic floor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pathophysiology of urinary incontinence during stress is complex, involving passive mechanisms such as urethral hypermobility, intrinsic sphincteric deficiency or abnormal urethral compliance and active mechanisms, such as voluntary or reflex contraction of periurethral and pelvic muscles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further studies should assess the correlation between the reversal of identified factors underlying the incontinence and the reversal of complaint symptoms and urinary leakage quantification.
authors.affiliation: UMR-S731, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 75013 Paris, France. xavier.deffieux@abc.aphp.fr
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deffieux
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hubeaux
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amarenco
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D009122:Muscle Hypertonia; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology