title: Uptake of calcium phosphate nanoshells by osteoblasts and their effect on growth and differentiation.
abstract: The influence of calcium phosphate nanoshell materials on the uptake, viability, and mineralization of human fetal osteoblast cultures was evaluated. Proliferation rates and alkaline phosphatase activity of the cultures were unaffected by the addition of nanoshells to the growth media, but mineralization levels were enhanced by nearly 40%, in contrast to media prepared without nanoshells, or with other calcium phosphate nanomaterials. Nanoshells were internalized by macropinocytosis, and migrated toward the cell nucleus at a rate of 0.34 microm hr(-1). Dye-loaded nanoshells maintained high light emission intensity for over five days while inside the cells, where they could be used as intracellular markers for in vitro microscopic imaging. From these results, it appears that the CaP nanoshells could be developed into a safe sensor and delivery vehicle for osteoblast cell culture studies, whereas the carrier itself has intrinsic bioactivity and may itself upregulate the formation of new bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Molecularly Engineered Materials, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: Ailis M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tweed Kent
authors.forename: Jenalle L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Slosar
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Webber
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McCready
authors.forename: Cassandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deering
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Veranth
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ostafin
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D005333:Fetus / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C020243:calcium phosphate; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase