title: Label-Free Impedance Biosensors: Opportunities and Challenges.
abstract: Impedance biosensors are a class of electrical biosensors that show promise for point-of-care and other applications due to low cost, ease of miniaturization, and label-free operation. Unlabeled DNA and protein targets can be detected by monitoring changes in surface impedance when a target molecule binds to an immobilized probe. The affinity capture step leads to challenges shared by all label-free affinity biosensors; these challenges are discussed along with others unique to impedance readout. Various possible mechanisms for impedance change upon target binding are discussed. We critically summarize accomplishments of past label-free impedance biosensors and identify areas for future research.
authors.affiliation: Stanford Genome Technology Center; 855 S. California Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pourmand