title: An optimised data analysis for the Balb/c 3T3 cell transformation assay and its application to metal compounds.
abstract: The Balb/c3T3 cell transformation assay (CTA) is an available in vitro system to detect the carcinogenic potential of chemicals. Currently, the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) is validating this test, assessing its reliability and relevance. Its endpoint is the formation of type III foci, which is, when using clone A31-1-1, a very rare event that usually does not occur at all for negative controls. The carcinogenic potential of a compound tested is assessed by comparing the number of foci in treated and untreated cells. The objective of the present work is to optimise the data analysis for this endpoint by applying the most commonly used approach by a t-test and the Fisher's exact test as an alternative approach. For this purpose selected metal compounds classified as carcinogenic (NaAsO2, CdCl2, cisPt), as suspected carcinogenic (C6H5)4AsCl, CH3HgCl), or as compounds without evidence of carcinogenic properties in humans ((NH4)2PtCl6, NaVO3) as well as a non-carcinogenic (AgNO3) were analysed. Our evaluation revealed that the t-test approach, which assumes normality of data, is not appropriate. The results demonstrated that the statistical analysis by Fisher's exact test, better reflecting the data properties, greatly facilitates the interpretation of Balb/c3T3 CTA data regarding carcinogenic potential.
authors.affiliation: European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Varese, Italy. jessica.ponti@jrc.it
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ponti
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Munaro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fischbach
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sabbioni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D041702:BALB 3T3 Cells; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002273:Carcinogens; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D008670:Metals / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D008670:Metals; D009942:Organometallic Compounds