title: Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, and Schizandra chinensis extract on liver injury in rats.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of the combined extracts of Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, and Schizandra chinensis at different doses on hepatic antioxidant status and fibrosis in rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8-12 per group) were divided into the control, CCl4, CCl4 + silymarin (0.35%), CCl4 + low-dose herbal extract (0.24% of Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, and Schizandra chinensis extract at 1:1:1; LE), and CCl4 + high-dose herbal extract (1.20% of the same herbal extract; HE) groups. Silymarin or herbal extract was orally given to rats a week before chronic intraperitoneal injection with CCl4 for 6 weeks. The pathological results showed that herbal extract suppressed hepatic bile duct proliferation, and low-dose herbal extract inhibited liver fibrosis. Hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was lower in the CCl4 group, but there was no difference in the silymarin or herbal extract treated groups compared to the control group. Hepatic catalase activity and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the HE group than those in the CCl4 group. Silymarin and herbal extract reversed the impaired hepatic total antioxidant status (p < 0.05). Herbal extract partially reduced the elevated hepatic lipid peroxides. Hepatic transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) level decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the LE group. Therefore, high-dose herbal extract improved hepatic antioxidant capacity through enhancing catalase activity and glutathione redox status, whereas low-dose herbal extract inhibited liver fibrosis through decreasing hepatic TGF-beta1 level in rats with CCl4-induced liver injury.
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yun-Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chia-Chou
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Shu-Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ya-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Jane C-J
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D005894:Panax; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D032141:Schisandra; D012838:Silymarin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D012838:Silymarin; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione