title: Inadequacy of calcium supplements to normalize muscle calcium deficiency in healthy subjects during prolonged hypokinesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effect of hypokinesia (diminished movement) on muscle calcium (Ca(2+)) content with and without Ca(2+) supplementation and Ca(2+) loss with different muscle Ca(2+) deficiency; muscle Ca(2+) content, plasma Ca(2+) level, and Ca(2+) loss were measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were performed in 40 physically healthy male volunteers during a pre-experimental period of 30 d and an experimental period of 364 d. Subjects in equal numbers were assigned to one of four groups: unsupplemented active control subjects (UACSs), unsupplemented hypokinetic subjects (UHKSs), supplemented active control subjects (SACSs), and supplemented hypokinetic subjects (SHKSs). A daily supplementation of 0.7 mmol of calcium lactate per kilogram of body weight was given to SACSs and SHKSs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Muscle Ca(2+) content decreased, and plasma Ca(2+) concentration and Ca(2+) loss in urine and feces increased (P < 0.05) in the SHKS and UHKS groups compared with their pre-experimental values and the values in their respective active control groups (SACS and UACS). However, muscle Ca(2+) content decreased more, and plasma Ca(2+) concentration and Ca(2+) loss increased more (P < 0.05) in the SHKS group than in the UHKS group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Muscle Ca(2+) deficiency is more evident when Ca(2+) intake is higher and Ca(2+) loss is more exacerbated with higher than with lower muscle Ca(2+) deficiency, indicating that muscle Ca(2+) deficiency during prolonged hypokinesia is due to an inability of the body to use Ca(2+) but not to a Ca(2+) shortage in the diet.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Higher Institute of Biochemistry, Gomel, Belarus.
authors.forename: Yan G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Zorbas
authors.forename: Kostas K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Kakuris
authors.forename: Viktor A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Deogenov
authors.forename: Kosmas B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Yerullis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001682:Biological Availability; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D018476:Hypokinesia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D002118:Calcium