title: Association between exposure to nevirapine and reduced liver fibrosis progression in patients with HIV and hepatitis C virus coinfection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We analyzed the effect of exposure to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) on the progression of liver fibrosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus coinfection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data and liver biopsy findings for 201 coinfected patients. Fibrosis was scored following the French METAVIR Cooperative Study Group. We used multinomial logistic regression analysis and the fibrosis progression rate to assess the association between cumulative exposure to antiretroviral drugs and stage of fibrosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of having a fibrosis stage score of 0 or 1, compared with 3 or 4, increased with each additional year of exposure to HAART (AOR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.04-1,67), to NNRTIs as a class (AOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.18-2.27), to efavirenz (AOR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.03-2.30), and to nevirapine (AOR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.15-2.78). This effect was not found with PIs as a class. The AOR (95% CI) of having a fibrosis stage score of 2 versus 3 or 4 increased with each additional year of exposure to NNRTIs (AOR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.08-2.10) and nevirapine (AOR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.06-2.37). This effect was not found with highly active antiretroviral therapy, PIs, or efavirenz. The AOR (95% CI) of having a fibrosis progression rate < or = 0.1 versus > 0.1 increased with each additional year of exposure to highly active antiretroviral therapy (AOR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.07-1.60), to NNRTIs (AOR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.03-1.70), and to nevirapine (AOR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.07-1.95). This effect was not found with PIs or with efavirenz.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast with previous studies, we found that exposure to NNRTIs was clearly associated with a reduction in fibrosis progression, whereas exposure to PIs was not. Of note, exposure to nevirapine was more consistently associated with a reduction in fibrosis progression than was exposure to efavirenz. Prospective work is needed in this area.
authors.affiliation: HIV Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. juaberber@terra.es
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berenguer
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bellón
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miralles
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cosín
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez Conde
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Padilla
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Resino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D012254:Ribavirin; D019829:Nevirapine; C098320:efavirenz