Probabilistic intake assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and omega-3 fatty acids through fish consumption.
Food intake is one of the principal exposure routes of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in humans. This study focuses on fish consumption as a PBDE exposure route. A probabilistic intake assessment of PBDEs and healthy long chain omega-3 PUFAs (LC n-3 PUFAs) was conducted for Belgian fish consumers in order to study the balance of the intake of LC n-3 PUFAs and PBDEs. Based on the observed fish consumption level in the sample, the mean intake of brominated diphenyl ether (BDE)-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, and 154 via fish was 0.85 ng/kg body weight (bw)/day and the intake of LC n-3 PUFAs was 3.45 mg/kg bw/day, being low compared to the recommendations. Scenario analyses showed that consuming 150 g salmon twice a week is advisable to achieve the recommended LC n-3 PUFA intake with a rather low PBDE intake. When replacing 150 g salmon by herring, the PBDE intake is higher without an increase in LC n-3 PUFAs. In contrast, the combination of cod and salmon leads to a similar PBDE intake compared to twice a week salmon, but to a lower LC n-3 PUFA intake. In conclusion, the methodology presented in the paper allows balancing benefits and risks related to fish consumption.
Sioen
Isabelle
I
Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. isabelle.sioen@ugent.be
Bilau
Maaike
M
Verdonck
Frederik
F
Verbeke
Wim
W
Willems
Jan L
JL
De Henauw
Stefaan
S
Van Camp
John
J
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D001530:Belgium; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005506:Food Contamination; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment
D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; C511295:2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether