title: Effects of dual blockade of Renin-Angiotensin system on concentric left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension: a randomized, controlled pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a major role in promoting left ventricular (LV) remodeling in essential hypertension. We designed a controlled, randomized pilot study aimed to test the hypothesis that the dual RAS blockade with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (ACEi) + angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) can be more effective in decreasing LV hypertrophy and improving diastolic function than a largely employed association such as ACEi + calcium-antagonist (Ca-A).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four never-treated hypertensive patients with LV concentric hypertrophy were randomized to ramipril + candesartan or ramipril + lercanidipine. Before and after the 6-month treatment they underwent a 24-h blood pressure (BP) monitoring and echocardiographic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, age, body mass index (BMI), 24-h BP, and LV morpho-functional parameters were similar between the two groups. The 6-month treatment induced in both groups a significant decrease of 24-h BP, septal and posterior wall thickness, and LV mass index (LVMi) (ACEi + ARB 155 +/- 19 to 122 +/- 17 g/m(2), P < 0.0001; ACEi + Ca-A 146 +/- 18 to 127 +/- 20 g/m(2), P < 0.0001). Systolic function remained unchanged; LV diastolic parameters increased significantly in both groups. The extent of 24-h BP decrease was similar between the two groups (-13.3/16.3% vs. -12.3/15.8%, P = 0.63/P = 0.71), whereas the decrease of LV mass (-22% vs. -12.8%, P < 0.005) and the improvement of diastolic function were greater in ACEi + ARB group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In comparison with ACEi + Ca-A, ACEi + ARB treatment showed a greater antiremodeling effect, that can be reasonably ascribed to a BP-independent effect of the dual RAS blockade.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy. amgrandi@libero.it
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Grandi
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Solbiati
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Laurita
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Maresca
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nicolini
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marchesi
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gianni
authors.forename: Luigina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guasti
authors.forename: Achille
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017257:Ramipril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D013777:Tetrazoles; D017257:Ramipril; C081643:candesartan