title: Aprotinin and renal dysfunction after pediatric cardiac surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aprotinin is a potent antifibrinolytic drug, which reduces postoperative bleeding and transfusion requirements. Recently, two observational studies reported increased incidence of renal dysfunction after aprotinin use in adults. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the safety of aprotinin use in pediatric cardiac surgery patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were prospectively and consecutively collected from 657 pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The database was assessed with regard to a possible relationship between aprotinin administration and dialysis and between aprotinin and postoperative renal dysfunction [defined as 25% decrease in the creatinine clearance (Ccr) compared with the preoperative value] by propensity-score adjustment and multivariable methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of dialysis (9.6% vs 4.1%; P = 0.005) and renal dysfunction (26.3% vs 16.1%; P = 0.019) was higher in patients who received aprotinin; however, propensity adjusted risk ratios were not significant [odds ratio (OR) of dialysis: 1.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46-3.22; OR of renal dysfunction 1.26; 95% CI: 0.66-1.92]. Aprotinin significantly reduced blood loss in the first postoperative 24 h. The main contributors of renal dysfunction were CPB duration, cumulative inotropic support, age, preoperative Ccr, amount of transfusion and pulmonary hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the higher incidences of renal dysfunction and failure in the aprotinin group, an independent role of the drug in the development of renal dysfunction or dialysis could not be demonstrated in pediatric cardiac patients undergoing CPB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Gottsegen György National Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary. szekelya@kardio.hu
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Székely
authors.forename: Erzsébet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sápi
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Breuer
authors.forename: Miklós D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kertai
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bodor
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vargha
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szatmári
mesh_terms: D007611:Aprotinin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D007611:Aprotinin