title: Babbling complexity and its relationship to speech and language outcomes in children with cochlear implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if babbling complexity in early childhood is related to speech and language outcomes in later childhood in children with cochlear implants (CIs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen infants with CIs participated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infants received multichannel CIs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infant vocal recordings were taken during pre- and post-CI visits up to 13 months post-CI. Vocalizations were measured using a scoring system that takes into account the phonetic complexity of infant vocalizations. Outcome variables included articulation and language measures collected at 4 years of age. Data were analyzed using correlational and regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : For infants with at least 6 to 9 months of CI experience, the phonetic complexity of babbling is significantly correlated with receptive vocabulary, articulation abilities, and global language skills at 4 years of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The phonetic complexity of prelinguistic vocalizations is related to later speech and language outcomes in children with CIs. This information may be valuable in terms of tracking progress in pediatric CI users.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, U.S.A. elizabeth-walker@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Sandie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bass-Ringdahl
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007804:Language Development; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D010290:Parents; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D013062:Speech Articulation Tests; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014743:Videotape Recording; D014825:Vocabulary