title: Musculoskeletal, visual and psychosocial stress in VDU operators after moving to an ergonomically designed office landscape.
abstract: This study investigated the effect of moving from single occupancy offices to a landscape environment. Thirty-four Visual Display Unit (VDU) operators reported significantly worsened condition of lighting and glare in addition to increased visual discomfort. For visual discomfort, the difference with 95% confidence interval was 10.7 (1.9-19.5) Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as group mean value. The most reasonable explanation for these results may be that the operators were glared from high luminance from the windows, when the Venetian blinds were not properly used. Glare was significantly correlated with visual discomfort, rs=0.35. Both illuminance and luminance in the work area, and contrast reduction on the VDU screen were in line with recommendations from CIE for VDU work. In a regression analysis, the visual discomfort explained 53% of the variance in the neck and shoulder pain. In the office landscape, the eye blink rate during habitual VDU work was recorded for 12 randomly selected operators from the 34 participants. A marked drop in eye blink rate during VDU work was found when this was compared to "easy conversation" (VDU work, mean=9.7 blinks per minute; "easy conversation," mean=21.4 blinks per minute). Participants reported many of the organizational and psychosocial conditions and work factors worse when landscape office was compared to single occupancy office. These factors may have influenced the musculoskeletal pain. However, the pain level was still low at 6 years and not significantly different when compared with the start of the study period, except for a small but significant increase in shoulder pain. In this study, visual discomfort is clearly associated with pain in the neck and shoulder area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry and Visual Science, Buskerud University College, PO Box 235, N-3601 Kongsberg, Norway. magne.helland@hibu.no
authors.forename: Magne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Helland
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Horgen
authors.forename: Tor Martin
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kvikstad
authors.forename: Tore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Garthus
authors.forename: Jan Richard
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bruenech
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aarås
mesh_terms: D001248:Asthenopia; D016288:Computer Terminals; D006804:Ergonomics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007374:Interior Design and Furnishings; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases; D009664:Norway; D011584:Psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D017132:Workplace