title: Intrauterine manipulation does not adversely influence the direction and frequency of endometrial waves.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether intrauterine manipulation affects the direction or alters the frequency of endometrial wavelike activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital-based fertility clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ultrasound observation before and after IUI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endometrial wave type and endometrial wave frequency before and after IUI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in the direction and frequency of endometrial waves before and after IUI in 36 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the induction of uterine contractions by intrauterine manipulation has been suggested in the literature, the present study shows no contractions or induction of unfavorable (fundus to cervix) endometrial wavelike activity in 36 patients undergoing IUI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Research Institute Grow, Academisch Ziekenhuis Maastricht and Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. irisvangestel@orange.n
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van Gestel
authors.forename: Marga M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ijland
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Willekes
authors.forename: Johannes L H
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Evers
authors.forename: Henk J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hoogland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004717:Endometrium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014590:Uterine Contraction; D055815:Young Adult