title: Exhaled nitric oxide distinguishes between subgroups of preschool children with respiratory symptoms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Respiratory symptoms are common in early childhood. The clinical characterization of disease presentation and hence its likely disease progression has so far been proven difficult.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether exhaled nitric oxide (NO) could be helpful to distinguish between subgroups of nonwheezy and wheezy young children less than 4 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exhaled NO was measured in 391 children (age 3-47 months) with nonwheezy and wheezy respiratory symptoms. Children were divided into 3 groups: children with recurrent cough but no history of wheeze (group 1), with early recurrent wheeze and a loose index for the prediction of asthma at school age (group 2), and with frequent recurrent wheeze and a stringent index for the prediction of asthma at school age (group 3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children from group 3 showed significantly higher median (interquartile range) fractional exhaled NO (FeNO) levels (11.7 [11.85]) than children from groups 1 (6.5 [5.5]; P < .001) and 2 (6.4 [6.5]; P < .001). No difference in FeNO levels was found between children from groups 1 and 2 (P = .91).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wheezy young children less than 4 years of age with a stringent index for the prediction of asthma at school age have elevated levels of FeNO compared with children with recurrent wheeze and a loose index for the prediction of asthma at school age or children with recurrent cough.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Pediatric Respiratory Research Group and Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. alexander.moeller@kispi.unizh.ch
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moeller
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Diefenbacher
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Mascha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rochat
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brooks-Wildhaber
authors.forename: Graham L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Johannes H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wildhaber
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma; D001944:Breath Tests; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003371:Cough / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide