title: Surgical anatomy of fissures and foramina in the orbits of Thai adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The anatomy of orbital foramina appears to vary depending on the population studied Moreover; different data between sides and genders have been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was done to provide the morphometric data of the orbitalforamina related to side and gender in Thai subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred orbits from 50 adult dried skulls were used. Gender of each skull was identified and the distances from the constant landmarks to the foramina in the medial, superior; inferior and lateral walls were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the medial wall, the mean distances from the anterior lacrimal crest to the optic canal (OC), anterior, and posterior ethmoidalforamina were 42.2, 23.5, and 36. 0 mm for both sides and genders, respectively. The average distances from the supraorbital notch/foramen in the roof to the superior orbital fissure (SOF), OC, and lacrimal foramen were 44.7, 40.0, and 33.6 mm, respectively. In the inferior wall, the distances from the infraorbital rim to the OC, inferior orbital fissure (IOF), and the posterior edge of roof of the infraorbital canal were 46.2, 21.7, and 12.3 mm, respectively. The distances from the frontozygomatic suture to the OC, SOF, IOF and LF were 46.9, 34.5, 24.0, and 27.2 mm, respectively. When compared to those of the previous reports, several considerable differences that may be of clinical importance were observed. Moreover, some distances were significantly different between sides or genders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results suggest that race, side, and gender should be concerned during the orbital surgery and the data are good references for Thai subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thanasil
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huanmanop
authors.forename: Sithiporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agthong
authors.forename: Vilai
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chentanez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012737:Sex Factors; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D013785:Thailand