title: Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. co-infection.
abstract: Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. infections can cause systemic and ocular disease. To estimate the prevalence of infection with these organisms, we tested serum samples from persons > or = 12 years of age obtained in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). Among those tested for both T. gondii and Toxocara spp. (n = 16,646), the age-adjusted T. gondii antibody prevalence was 23.6% (95% confidence limit [CL] = 22.1-25.1%) and the Toxocara spp. antibody prevalence was 14.0% (95% CL = 12.7-15.4%). Multivariate analysis controlling demographic and risk factors showed that persons infected with Toxocara spp. were more likely to be infected with T. gondii (odds ratio [OR] = 1.93, 95% CL = 1.61-2.31), and similarly, persons infected with T. gondii were more likely to be infected with Toxocara spp. (OR = 1.91, 95% CL = 1.59-2.28). Infection with T. gondii and Toxocara spp. are common and can be prevented by many similar interventions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vectorborne, and Enteric Diseases, Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. jlj1@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Deanna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kruszon-Moran
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Schantz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000097:blood; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014119:Toxocara / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014120:Toxocariasis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan