title: One-stage tract dilation for percutaneous nephrolithotomy: is it justified?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the feasibility of one-stage acute dilation of the nephrostomy tract with a 30F Amplatz dilator in patients who are candidate for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) regardless of whether there is a previous renal scar to make the procedure less time consuming and more cost effective.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outcomes of one-stage tract dilation for PCNL in 100 consecutive patients with and without a history of ipsilateral open stone surgery (OSS), treated by one surgeon, were examined prospectively. Forty-six patients (group 1) had a history of ipsilateral OSS, and 54 patients (group 2) did not have this history. Demographic data as well as intraoperative information, such as access time and radiation exposure time during access, were recorded. The success of the access technique and its bleeding complications were analyzed between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By applying a "one-stage" technique, the targeted calix could be entered with a success rate of 93%. There was no difference in the procedural success rate between groups 1 and 2 (93.5% v 92.6%, respectively). All seven failed attempts (7%; three with previous OSS) were managed successfully using an Alken dilator to gain access to the proposed calix in the same session. Previous OSS did not impact access time, radiation exposure time during access, postoperative hemoglobin drop, and bleeding complications. There were no visceral and vascular injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One-stage tract dilation for PCNL is a safe and effective method in almost every adult patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shaheed labbafinezhad Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Amir Mohsen
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ziaee
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karami
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aminsharifi
authors.forename: Sadrollah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mehrabi
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zand
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Javaherforooshzadeh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004106:Dilatation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014567:Urography