title: The avian pancreas in health and disease.
abstract: The avian endocrine pancreas shares some similarities with mammals but also some clinically relevant differences in anatomy and physiology. Diabetes mellitus, an uncommon disease of pet birds, is a challenging condition because of lack of knowledge of the exact pathophysiology and responses to insulin therapy. This article reviews the anatomy and physiology of the avian pancreas and describes the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetes mellitus in pet birds.
authors.affiliation: Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine, Lenox Hill Veterinarians, 204 East 76th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA. apilny@avianexoticpetvet.com
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Pilny
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D001717:Birds; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents