title: Effect of two types of soy milk and dairy milk on plasma lipids in hypercholesterolemic adults: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of two commercially available soy milks (one made using whole soy beans, the other using soy protein isolate) with low-fat dairy milk on plasma lipid, insulin, and glucose responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized clinical trial, cross-over design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 30-65 years of age, n = 28, with pre-study LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations of 160-220 mg/dL, not on lipid lowering medications, and with an overall Framingham risk score of <or=10%.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were required to consume sufficient milk to provide 25 g protein/d from each source. The protocol included three 4-week treatment phases, each separated from the next by a wash-out period of >or=4 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean LDL-C concentration at the end of each phase (+/- SD) was 161 +/- 20, 161 +/- 26 and 170 +/- 24 mg/dL for the whole bean soy milk, the soy protein isolate milk, and the dairy milk, respectively (p = 0.9 between soy milks, p = 0.02 for each soy milk vs. dairy milk). No significant differences by type of milk were observed for HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, insulin, or glucose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 25 g dose of daily soy protein from soy milk led to a modest 5% lowering of LDL-C relative to dairy milk among adults with elevated LDL-C. The effect did not differ by type of soy milk and neither soy milk significantly affected other lipid variables, insulin or glucose.
authors.affiliation: Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA. cgardner@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Messina
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiazand
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Adrian A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Franke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000178:diet therapy*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk; D041942:Soy Milk; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D002784:Cholesterol