title: What is the diagnostic value of ultrasonography compared to physical evaluation in patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our hypothesis is that sonography performed by the rheumatologist in patients with suspected carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) has higher diagnostic value compared to physical evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult patients with suspected idiopathic CTS, defined by sensory symptoms over the distribution of the median nerve with or without positive results with the Phalen and/or the Tinel's maneuvers were included. The diagnosis of CTS was indicated by typical symptoms daily for at least 3 months and a positive nerve conduction study. One rheumatologist unaware of the clinical and electrodiagnostic results performed an ultrasound examination of the median nerve for the area ranging from the inlet to the outlet of the carpal tunnel. Mean cross-sectional area at each level, flattening ratio and bowing of flexor retinaculum were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-eight patients with 105 affected wrists were examined. Tinel's and Phalen's signs had a closer sensitivity (73% and 67% respectively) and specificity (40% and 30% respectively). The best swelling nerve cut-off by sonography was 9.7 mm2 at the tunnel inlet, with a sensitivity of 86%, a specificity of 48% and accuracy of 77%. A 100% positive predictive value was reached with a cross-sectional area of 13 mm2, involving 33 hands (31% of the whole sample). Maximal cross sectional area and the measurement of flexor retinaculum had an accuracy of 72% and 73% respectively. Combination of physical maneuvers and sonography not yielded more accuracy than cross-sectional area itself.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with clinical history of idiopathic CTS and positive nerve conduction study, sonography performed by the rheumatologist has higher diagnostic value than physical maneuvers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Hospital de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. anarher@gobiernodecanarias.org
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naranjo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ojeda
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Francisco
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Quevedo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Erausquin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology; D009431:Neural Conduction; D010808:Physical Examination; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012219:Rheumatology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography