title: A randomized controlled trial of the people with arthritis can exercise program: symptoms, function, physical activity, and psychosocial outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the basic 8-week People with Arthritis Can Exercise (PACE) program for improvements in primary (symptoms, functioning, level of physical activity) and secondary (psychosocial) outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 346 individuals with self-reported arthritis from 18 sites participated in a randomized controlled trial of PACE. Outcomes were measured at baseline and 8 weeks. The intervention group completed self-reported assessments at 3 and 6 months. Two-level multiple linear regression models were estimated to calculate adjusted outcome means in the intervention and control groups. A mixed-effects repeated-measures model was used to calculate adjusted means in the intervention group at 3 and 6 months. Both intent-to-treat (ITT) and as-treated (AT) analyses were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 8 weeks, the intervention group had improvements in the following outcomes: 2 symptom outcomes (pain, fatigue) and 1 psychosocial outcome (self-efficacy for managing arthritis) in the ITT analyses; 1 symptom outcome (pain), 1 function outcome (chair stands), and 1 psychosocial outcome (self-efficacy for arthritis management) in the AT analyses. In addition, completers who attended>or=9 classes had improvements in 3 symptom outcomes (pain, fatigue, stiffness), 2 function outcomes (10-pound lifts, chair stands), and 1 psychosocial outcome (self-efficacy for arthritis management) at 8 weeks. Relative to baseline, PACE participants maintained significant improvements in symptoms at 6 months, but declined in function and self-efficacy for exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If adults with arthritis attend a majority of PACE classes, they may expect improvements in symptoms, self-efficacy for arthritis management, and upper and lower extremity function. Achieving sustained improvement in outcomes may require continued participation in PACE.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Thurston Arthritis Research Center 27599-7280, USA. leigh_callahan@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Leigh F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Callahan
authors.forename: Thelma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mielenz
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freburger
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shreffler
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hootman
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buysse
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001168:Arthritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D015397:Program Evaluation; D016896:Treatment Outcome