title: Estimating terrestrial uranium and thorium by antineutrino flux measurements.
abstract: Uranium and thorium within the Earth produce a major portion of terrestrial heat along with a measurable flux of electron antineutrinos. These elements are key components in geophysical and geochemical models. Their quantity and distribution drive the dynamics, define the thermal history, and are a consequence of the differentiation of the Earth. Knowledge of uranium and thorium concentrations in geological reservoirs relies largely on geochemical model calculations. This article describes the methods and criteria to experimentally determine average concentrations of uranium and thorium in the continental crust and in the mantle by using site-specific measurements of the terrestrial antineutrino flux. Optimal, model-independent determinations involve significant exposures of antineutrino detectors remote from nuclear reactors at both a midcontinental and a midoceanic site. This would require major, new antineutrino detection projects. The results of such projects could yield a greatly improved understanding of the deep interior of the Earth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2505 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. sdye@phys.hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Dye
authors.forename: Eugene H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Guillian
mesh_terms: D018534:Earth, Planet; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005844:Geology / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008906:Mining; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009688:Nuclear Reactors; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis; D013910:Thorium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014501:Uranium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive; D014501:Uranium; D013910:Thorium