title: Secular trends in prostate cancer mortality, incidence and treatment: England and Wales, 1975-2004.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To aid the interpretation of the trends in prostate cancer mortality, which declined in the UK in the early 1990 s for unknown reasons, by investigating prostate cancer death rates, incidence and treatments in England and Wales in 1975-2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  Join-point regression was used to assess secular trends in mortality and incidence (source: Office of National Statistics), radical prostatectomy and orchidectomy (source: Hospital Episode Statistics database) and androgen-suppression drugs (source: Intercontinental Medical Statistics).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prostate cancer mortality declined from 1992 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1990-94). The relative decline in mortality to 2004 was greater and more sustained amongst men aged 55-74 years (annual percentage mortality reduction 2.75%; 95% CI 2.33-3.18%) than amongst those aged >or=75 years (0.71%, 0.26-1.15%). The use of radical prostatectomy increased between 1991 (89 operations) and 2004 (2788) amongst men aged 55-74 years. The prescribing of androgen suppression increased between 1987 (33,000 prescriptions) and 2004 (470,000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decrease in prostate cancer mortality was greater amongst men aged 55-74 years than in those aged >or=75 years, but pre-dated the substantial use of prostate-specific antigen screening and radical prostatectomy in the UK. An increase in radical therapy amongst younger groups with localized cancers and screen-detected low-volume locally advanced disease as a result of stage migration, as well as prolonged survival from increased medical androgen suppression therapy, might partly explain recent trends.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gunnell
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McPhail
authors.forename: Freddie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hamdy
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Albertsen
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verne
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trotter
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen