title: Progestins oppose the effects of estradiol on the endothelin-1 receptor type B in coronary arteries from ovariectomized hyperlipidemic rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Progestins may be associated with the adverse cardiovascular outcomes observed with estrogen plus progestogen therapy, but the mechanism is not resolved. In this study we examined the effect of 17beta-estradiol (E2) alone and in combination with two progestins on the endothelin-1 (ET-1) system in coronary arteries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits were treated orally with either E2 (4 mg/d), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) (10 mg/d), norethisterone acetate (NETA) (2 mg/d), E2 + MPA, E2 + NETA, or placebo for 16 weeks (n=10 in each group). Coronary arteries were used for mRNA and myograph analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  E2 alone but not in combination with MPA or NETA increased ETB mRNA expression in coronary arteries. Accordingly, E2 alone but not in combination with MPA or NETA reduced the maximal contraction to ET-1, and the reduction was sustained after ETA but not after ETB blockade. E2 reduced preproendothelin-1 mRNA expression; however, this effect was not blunted by MPA or NETA. ETA and ET-converting enzyme-1 mRNA expression was unaffected by treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that long-term E2 treatment selectively attenuates ET-1-induced vasoconstriction, possibly by increasing ETB gene expression in rabbit coronary arteries and that this effect is abolished by the two progestins investigated. This observation may help to explain how progestins oppose the supposed beneficial effects of estrogen on the arterial wall.
authors.affiliation: The Juliane Marie Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. susanpedersen@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Susan H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Lars B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.forename: Lisbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nilas
authors.forename: Bent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ottesen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006949:Hyperlipidemias; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000494:pharmacology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011817:Rabbits; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B / Q000187:drug effects*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D004958:Estradiol; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; D009640:Norethindrone