title: Alcohol consumption and renal cell cancer risk in two Italian case-control studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is some evidence that alcohol consumption is inversely associated with renal cell cancer (RCC), but the issue is still unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the relation using data from two Italian multicentric case-control studies conducted from 1985 to 2004, including a total of 1115 incident, histologically confirmed cases and 2582 controls hospitalised with acute, non-neoplastic conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with non-drinkers, the multivariate odds ratios (ORs) of RCC were 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73-1.04] for <or=4 drinks per day, 0.76 (95% CI 0.59-0.99) for >4 to <or=8 drinks per day and 0.70 (95% CI 0.50-0.97) for >8 drinks per day of alcoholic beverages, with a significant inverse trend in risk (P value = 0.01). The ORs were 0.85 (95% CI 0.71-1.02) for wine, 0.84 (95% CI 0.68-1.03) for beer and 0.86 (95% CI 0.70-1.05) for spirits consumption, as compared with abstainers. No trend in risk of RCC emerged with duration (P value = 0.94) and age at starting alcohol consumption (P value = 0.81). Results were consistent in men and women, as well as in strata of age, smoking and body mass index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pooled analysis found an inverse association between alcohol drinking and RCC. Risks continued to decrease even above eight drinks per day (i.e. >100 g/day) of alcohol intake, with no apparent levelling in risk.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy. pelucchi@marionegri.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pelucchi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galeone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montella
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Polesel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crispo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Talamini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramazzotti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grimaldi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Vecchia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology; D001515:Beer; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012306:Risk; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013695:Temperance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014920:Wine