title: Effect of spatial distribution of T-Cells and HIV load on HIV progression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We present a spatial-temporal (ST) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) simulation model to investigate the spatial distribution of viral load and T-cells during HIV progression. The proposed model uses the Finite Element (FE) method to divide a considered infected region into interconnected subregions each containing viral population and T-cells. HIV T-cells and viral load are traced and counted within and between subregions to estimate their effect upon neighboring regions. The objective is to estimate overall ST changes of HIV progression and to study the ST therapeutic effect upon HIV dynamics in spatial and temporal domains. We introduce sub-regional (spatial) parameters of T-cells and viral load production and elimination to estimate the spatial propagation and interaction of HIV dynamics under the influence of a 3TC D4T Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (RTI) drug regimen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In terms of percentage change standard deviation, we show that the average rate per 10 weeks (throughout a 10-year clinical trial) of the ST CD4+ change is 5.35% 1.3 different than that of the CD4+ rate of change in laboratory datasets, and the average rate of change of the ST CD8+ is 4.98% 1.93 different than that of the CD8+ rate of change. The half-life of the ST CD4+ count is 1.68% 3.381 different than the actual half-life of the CD4+ count obtained from laboratory datasets. The distribution of the viral load and T-cells in a considered region tends to cluster during the HIV progression once a threshold of 86-89% viral accumulation is reached.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Executable code and data libraries are available by contacting the corresponding author.
  
  
  METHODS
  C++ and Java have been used to simulate the suggested model. A Pentium III or higher platform is recommended.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Graziano
authors.forename: Samira Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kettoola
authors.forename: Judy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Munshower
authors.forename: Jack T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Stapleton
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Towfic
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003198:Computer Simulation; D018450:Disease Progression; D006678:HIV / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D018448:Models, Immunological; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D019562:Viral Load / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors