United States validation of the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR).
BACKGROUND
The Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) is the first pulmonary hypertension-specific instrument for assessing patient-reported symptoms, functioning, and quality of life. To enable use in the United States, this study adapted, field-tested, and evaluated its reliability and validity at a single center in Chicago.


METHODS
A lay panel confirmed appropriate wording of CAMPHOR for United States patients, and 15 patients with pulmonary hypertension field-tested the CAMPHOR for face and content validity. A postal validation study, with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey as a comparator, was sent to patients on 2 occasions, 2 weeks apart. World Health Organization (WHO) functional class and 6-minute walk test data were obtained.


RESULTS
Field-test interviews found the CAMPHOR relevant and comprehensible. A total of 147 patients (84.0% women) with a mean of 50 +/- 14.6 years participated in the validation study. The new scales had good test-retest reliability (range, 0.80-0.95) and internal consistency (range, 0.78-0.95). The CAMPHOR scales correlated with the SF-36 and 6-minute walk test. Patients in WHO functional class III had worse scores than those in class II (p = 0.02), as did patients who rated their health worse (p < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
The US CAMPHOR is a reliable and valid measure of quality of life and health status in pulmonary hypertension and can be recommended for use in clinical practice and trials in the United States.
Gomberg-Maitland
Mardi
M
University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. mgomberg@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu
Thenappan
Thenappan
T
Rizvi
Kamran
K
Chandra
Sonal
S
Meads
David M
DM
McKenna
Stephen P
SP
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States