title: Diagnostic value of history-taking and physical examination for assessing meniscal tears of the knee in general practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the diagnostic value of history-taking and physical examination of meniscal tears in general practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational study determining diagnostic values (sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and likelihood ratios).
  
  
  METHODS
  General practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients aged 18 to 65 years with a traumatic knee injury who consulted their general practitioner within 5 weeks after trauma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participating patients filled out a questionnaire (history-taking) followed by a standardized physical examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Assessment of meniscal tears was determined by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and was performed blinded for the results of physical examination and history-taking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 134 patients included in this study, 47 had a meniscal tear. From history-taking, the determinants "age over 40 years," "continuation of activity impossible," and "weight-bearing during trauma" indicated an association with a meniscal tear after multivariate logistic regression analysis, whereas from physical examination only "pain at passive flexion" indicated an association. These associated determinants from history-taking showed some diagnostic value; the positive likelihood ratio (LR+) reached up to 2.0 for age over 40 years, whereas the isolated test pain at passive flexion from physical examination has less diagnostic value, with an LR+ of 1.3. Combining determinants from history-taking and physical examination improved the diagnostic value with a maximum LR+ of 5.8; however, this combination only applied to a limited number of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  History-taking has some diagnostic value, whereas physical examination did not add any diagnostic value for detecting meniscal tears in general practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Harry Pa
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Wagemakers
authors.forename: Edith M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Heintjes
authors.forename: Simone S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Boks
authors.forename: Marjolein Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Jan An
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Verhaar
authors.forename: Bart W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Koes
authors.forename: Sita Ma
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bierma-Zeinstra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010808:Physical Examination; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000070600:Tibial Meniscus Injuries