title: Effect of grape polyphenols on oxidative stress in canine lens epithelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether the effects of oxidative stress could be attenuated in cultures of canine lens epithelial cells (LECs) by incubation with grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSE), resveratrol (RES), or a combination of both (GSE+RES).
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary cultures of canine LECs.
  
  
  METHODS
  LECs were exposed to 100MM tertiary butyl-hydroperoxide (TBHP) with or without GSE, RES, or GSE+RES. The dichlorofluorescein assay was used to detect production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and immunoblot analysis was used to evaluate the expression of stress-induced cell-signaling markers (ie, the mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK] and phosphoinositide-3 kinase [PI3K] pathways).
  
  
  RESULTS
  GSE and GSE+RES significantly reduced ROS production after a 30-minute exposure to TBHP. Only GSE significantly reduced ROS production after a 120-minute exposure to TBHP. Incubation with GSE reduced TBHP-induced activity of the MAPK and PI3K pathways.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GSE inhibited key components associated with cataractogenesis, ROS production, and stress-induced cell signaling. On the basis of the data reported here, there is strong evidence that GSE could potentially protect LECs from the damaging effects of oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Curtis A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Barden
authors.forename: Heather L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Joshua A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bomser
authors.forename: Carmen M H
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Colitz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004285:Dogs; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000166:cytology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077185:Resveratrol; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; C511402:Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D013267:Stilbenes; D000077185:Resveratrol