title: Protective effects of amlodipine on ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat ovary: biochemical and histopathologic evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of amlodipine as an antioxidant and analyze the histopathologic changes in experimental ischemic and ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat ovaries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental surgery laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two rats with experimentally induced ovarian torsion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Group 1: sham operation; group 2: bilateral ovarian ischemia; group 3: 3-hour period of ischemia plus 3 hours of reperfusion; groups 4 and 5: amlodipine administration at 3 and 5 mg/kg respectively before one half hour of ischemia, and then bilateral ovarian ischemia. The ovaries were removed at the third hour of ischemia. Groups 6 and 7: 3-hour period of bilateral ovarian ischemia. Two and a half hours after the induction of ischemia, the rats received amlodipine. At the end of a 3-hour period of ischemia, 3 hours of reperfusion was continued; then the ovaries were removed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ovarian tissue superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide activity; histopathologic examination of all ovarian rat tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ischemia and I/R increased the inducible nitric oxide synthase activity while decreasing the superoxide dismutase activity significantly in comparison with the sham group. Both doses of amlodipine before ischemia and I/R reversed the trend in nitric oxide synthase activities and reversed the trend in the rat's ovary.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conservative treatment with amlodipine is effective in reducing tissue damage induced by ischemia, I/R, or both in ovaries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey. hzekai@atauni.edu.tr
authors.forename: Zekai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Halici
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karaca
authors.forename: Osman Nuri
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Keles
authors.forename: Bunyamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Borekci
authors.forename: Fehmi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Odabasoglu
authors.forename: Halis
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suleyman
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cadirci
authors.forename: Yasin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bayir
authors.forename: Bunyami
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Unal
mesh_terms: D017311:Amlodipine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D010049:Ovarian Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014102:Torsion Abnormality / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017311:Amlodipine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase