title: Effects of l-arginine and N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester treatments on expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the guinea-pig bladder after partial bladder outlet obstruction.
abstract: This study was aimed to examine the effects of pharmacological intervention on partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) on expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) production and NO-related free radical damage using nitrotyrosine as a marker in the guinea-pig bladder. Partial urethral ligation was performed in young male guinea pigs which were then intraperitoneally administered l-arginine, N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) or vehicle (saline) for 2 or 4 weeks. At the respective time points, the bladder was removed for nNOS immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, nitrotyrosine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test and NO colorimetric assay. In l-arginine-treated animals killed at 2 and 4 weeks, the total number of nNOS positive intramural neurons was significantly increased when compared with the corresponding control. Some neurons projected long extending fibers that were closely associated with the blood vessels. Furthermore, at 4 weeks, the nNOS protein content and NO production as reflected by the concentration of nitrite and nitrate were drastically elevated as measured by Western blot analysis and NO colorimetric assay, respectively. In l-NAME-treated group killed at 2 weeks, the number of nNOS positive neurons was markedly reduced when compared with the controls, but the change was not significant at 4 weeks. In the latter, however, the NO production as reflected by the concentration of nitrite and nitrate was markedly reduced; in addition, the nitrotyrosine concentration was significantly lower than the control. The present results support the role of NO in the pathophysiological changes following PBOO. We suggest the potential therapeutic application of l-arginine and l-NAME in PBOO; however, ultimately balancing the bidirectional effects of NO would be essential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD10, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Y-K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: C-M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: E-A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ling
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002452:Cell Count / Q000379:methods; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Q000379:methods; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000378:metabolism*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D001120:Arginine; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester