title: [Image analysis of avulsion fracture, permanent osteoepiphyte, sesamoid and accessory bones].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate a method to distinguish avulsion fracture from sesamoid, accessory bone, and permanent osteoepiphyte.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen cases of suspicious avulsion fractures of articular portion of tubular bones were reviewed. Direct/indirect signs and the injury mechanism of avulsion fractures were analyzed and compared with permanent osteoepiphyte, sesamoid and accessory bones for their morphological characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are two cases of permanent osteoepiphytes, three cases of sesamoids, and three cases of accessory bones. These cases were characterized by smooth edges, contiguous bony cortex, without swelling of the surrounding soft tissue or obvious image changes after consecutive radiography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is fundamental in image analysis to distinguish avulsion fracture from physiological small osteoepiphyte, sesamoid bone, and aberrant accessory bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China. wp_wxl@126.com
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guang-you
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Li-hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Yi-bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Da-an
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xin-lei
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004838:Epiphyses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004839:Epiphyses, Slipped / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012716:Sesamoid Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012784:Shoulder Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult