title: [Protective effect of ketamine against acute rat lung injury induced by liopolysaccharide and its mechanism].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the protective effects of different concentrations of ketamine against acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats and its mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 equal groups, namely the control group, LPS group, ketamine group I (5 mg/kg), and ketamine group II (10 mg/kg). The neutrophil count, protein contents in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the wet/dry lung weight ratio were measured 4 h after LPS injection. TNF-alpha, IL-8, NO, iNOS and NF-kappaB were also measured in the lung tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In LPS group, the neutrophil count, protein contents in BALF, the wet/dry lung weight ratio and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and NO were all significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.01). The mRNA expression of iNOS and the protein expression of NF-kappaB were also increased in LPS groups. Ketamine treatment attenuated the increase in wet/dry lung weight ratio, neutrophil count, and protein contents in BALF in a dose-dependent manner. Ketamine also dose-dependently inhibited the production of TNF-alpha, IL-8 , and NO and lowered iNOS mRNA and NF-kappaB protein expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ketamine can offer protection against LPS-induced acute lung injury in rats by inhibiting the expression of NF-kappaB and attenuating the production of the inflammatory cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China. mzkwxd@21cn.com
authors.forename: Xu-dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ya-li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Ren-chun
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Yan-ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007649:Ketamine; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat