title: A low-glycemic-index diet reduces plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity, but not tissue inhibitor of proteinases-1 or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 protein, in overweight women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development of obesity has been suggested to involve plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue inhibitor of proteinases-1 (TIMP-1). Plasma PAI-1 is elevated in obesity. A low-glycemic-index (LGI) diet may have a beneficial effect on obesity through a decrease in plasma PAI-1, but whether it affects plasma TIMP-1 in healthy humans has not been studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether a 10-wk intake of an LGI or a high-glycemic-index (HGI), high-carbohydrate, low-fat, ad libitum diet is associated with decreases in plasma PAI-1 and TIMP-1 concentrations in overweight women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four overweight women [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2): 27.5+/-0.23] were randomly assigned to consume an HGI or an LGI diet for 10 wk. A subgroup of 29 women was assigned to participate in an additional 4-h meal test on the last day of the 10-wk intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PAI-1 activity decreased after 10 wk of the LGI diet and was significantly different between groups. Changes in PAI-1 antigen followed the same trend, but no significant difference was observed between groups. No difference in plasma TIMP-1 concentrations was observed between groups. PAI-1 and TIMP-1 concentrations after the 4-h meal test were not significantly different between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An LGI diet reduces fasting plasma PAI-1 activity and therefore may be useful for diminishing the adverse cardiovascular effects of obesity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00324090.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, and the Center for Advanced Food Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark. lje@life.ku.dk
authors.forename: Lotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Birgitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sloth
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Krog-Mikkelsen
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flint
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raben
authors.forename: Tine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tholstrup
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brünner
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astrup
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000145:classification; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D019518:Postprandial Period; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D014280:Triglycerides; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases