title: Antiphospholipid syndrome and vascular ischemic (occlusive) diseases: an overview.
abstract: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is primarily considered to be an autoimmune pathological condition that is also referred to as "Hughes syndrome". It is characterized by arterial and/or venous thrombosis and pregnancy pathologies in the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies and/or lupus anticoagulant. APS can occur either as a primary disease or secondary to a connective tissue disorder, most frequently systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Damage to the nervous system is one of the most prominent clinical constellations of sequelae in APS and includes (i) arterial/ venous thrombotic events, (ii) psychiatric features and (iii) other non- thrombotic neurological syndromes. In this overview we compare the most important vascular ischemic (occlusive) disturbances (VIOD) with neuro-psychiatric symptomatics, together with complete, updated classifications and hypotheses for the etio-pathogenesis of APS with underlying clinical and laboratory criteria for optimal diagnosis and disease management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University, 15A V. Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria. pp_atanassova@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Penka A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Atanassova
mesh_terms: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000276:immunology; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid