title: Intraoperative placing of drains decreases the incidence of lymphocele and deep vein thrombosis after renal transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of placing a prophylactic drain during renal transplantation on the incidence of lymphocele, wound complication and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in renal transplant recipients induced with sirolimus vs calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), as sirolimus-based immunosuppression is a risk factor for the formation of fluid collections after transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed 165 consecutive adult renal transplant patients at our institution between January 2004 and February 2005. Group 1 (84) did not receive an intraoperative drain and group 2 (81) did. Recipients were analysed within each group based on immunosuppression (sirolimus or CNI) and whether they had wound complication, fluid collection, lymphocele treatment, or DVT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group 1 and 2, respectively, the wound complication rate was 22.6% vs 13.6% (P = 0.134), the fluid collection rate 45.2% vs 16.% (P < 0.001), the lymphocele treatment rate 19.0% vs 2.5% (P = 0.001) the DVT rate 14.3% vs 4.9% (P = 0.043) the fluid collection rate (for CNI) 26.5% vs 16.0% (P = 0.246), the lymphocele treatment rate (for CNI) 5.9% vs 0% (P = 0.084), the fluid collection rate (sirolimus) 58.0% vs 16.1% (P < 0.001) and lymphocele treatment rate (sirolimus) 28% vs 6.5% (P = 0.018). Multivariate analysis of risk factors for fluid collection showed significance for no drain (odds ratio 3.30, P = 0.002), associated wound complication (2.41, P = 0.041) and sirolimus (2.48, P = 0.015).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placing a drain during transplantation decreased the incidence of fluid collection, lymphocele treatment and DVT. The reduction of fluid collection and lymphocele were significant for patients treated with sirolimus. We recommend placing a drain in patients undergoing induction with sirolimus-based immunosuppression.
authors.affiliation: Section of Renal Transplantation, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA. iderwees@utmem.edu
authors.forename: Ithaar H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Derweesh
authors.forename: Hazem R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Goldfarb
authors.forename: Motoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Lingmei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Modlin
authors.forename: Venkatesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthi
authors.forename: Stuart M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Flechner
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Novick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008210:Lymphocele / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents