title: Tumor angiogenesis suppression by alpha-eleostearic acid, a linolenic acid isomer with a conjugated triene system, via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.
abstract: We have shown previously that alpha-eleostearic acid (ESA), a linolenic acid isomer with a conjugated triene system, suppresses tumor growth in vivo. In our earlier study, blood vessels were observed at the tumor surface in control mice, whereas in ESA-treated mice no such vessels were observed and the inner part of the tumor was discolored. These observations suggested that ESA might suppress cancer cell growth through malnutrition via a suppressive effect on tumor angiogenesis. In the current study, the antiangiogenic effects of ESA were investigated in vivo and in vitro. Tumor cell-induced vessel formation was clearly suppressed in mice orally administered ESA at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day in a dose-dependent manner. ESA also inhibited the formation of capillary-like networks by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and moderately inhibited HUVEC proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism by which ESA inhibited angiogenesis was through suppression of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2, activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and induction of apoptosis in HUVEC. We thus demonstrated that, like troglitazone, ESA is a PPARgamma ligand and that it activates PPARgamma, induces apoptosis in HUVEC and inhibits angiogenesis. Our findings suggest that ESA has potential use as a therapeutic dietary supplement and medicine for minimizing tumor angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biodynamic Chemistry, School of Food, Agricultural and Environment Sciences, Miyagi University, Sendai 982-0215, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuzuki
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawakami
mesh_terms: D000400:Air Sacs / Q000098:blood supply*; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008042:Linolenic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D008042:Linolenic Acids; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010938:Plant Oils; C004934:eleostearic acid; C009612:tung oil