title: Induction of novel cytokines and chemokines by advanced glycation endproducts determined with a cytometric bead array.
abstract: Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) accumulate on long-lived protein deposits, e.g. those composed of beta(2)-microglobulin (in dialysis-related amyloidosis) or beta-amyloid peptide (in Alzheimer's disease). When AGEs bind to the "receptor for advanced glycation endproducts", they activate redox-sensitive transcription factors such as NF-kappaB, and subsequently induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Using a cytokine bead array, we have further analyzed the Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)-AGE induced expression of selected cytokines/chemokines in two murine cell lines, RAW 264.7 macrophages and N-11 microglia. Our study showed that monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) were both released in a time-dependent manner from both RAW 264.7 macrophages and N-11 microglia upon stimulation with BSA-AGE or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which was used as a positive control. Interestingly, MCP-1 was also constitutively expressed by unstimulated cells, although at a lower levels. Much higher levels of IL-6 were secreted by RAW 264.7 macrophages than by N-11 microglia in response to both stimuli. IL-12p70, interferon-gamma and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were not induced by either LPS or BSA-AGE. Our results indicate a very similar pattern of chemokine and cytokine expression induced by such different ligands as AGEs and LPS indicating similar or convergent downstream signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Comparative Genomics Centre, School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berbaum
authors.forename: Kirubakaran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shanmugam
authors.forename: Grant
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stuchbury
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wiede
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Körner
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Münch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D018925:Chemokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000379:methods; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine