title: Between Kraepelin and Freud: the integrative psychiatry of August Hoch.
abstract: Through examination of the career of the psychiatrist August Hoch (1868-1919), this essay challenges two assumptions implicit in histories of US progressive-era psychiatry: that the emergence of Freudian psychoanalysis signalled a devaluation of Kraepelin's contributions and that theoretical and therapeutic eclecticism inhibited psychiatric research. Locating Hoch's guiding principles within the context of Kraepelin's clinical psychiatry, I analyse how Hoch mediated the demands of classification and the dynamic understanding of persons in prosecuting a new kind of clinical research that would not have been possible within either the Kraepelinian or Freudian perspective alone.
authors.affiliation: Conceptual and Historical Studies of Science, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA. samartin@midway.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: Shirley A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000266:history; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods; D011572:Psychoanalysis / Q000266:history; D011582:Psychological Theory; D014481:United States