title: Prostatic pathology reporting in the UK: development of a national external quality assurance scheme.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a baseline picture of prostatic pathology reporting in the UK, identify areas of particular difficulty and assess the feasibility of a national external quality assurance scheme based on prostatic biopsy specimens using the same format as the National Health Service breast pathology scheme, as recommended by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight expert uropathologists and 32 randomly selected pathologists participated in four circulations each of 12 cases of prostatic biopsy specimens. A fixed text proforma was developed and responses were analysed for interobserver agreement using kappa statistics. Consistency of reporting the main diagnostic categories of benign and invasive carcinoma was good (kappa values 0.77 and 0.88, respectively), but only after excluding 19% of cases for which the experts did not reach 75% agreement. Areas of difficulty included the diagnosis of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and small foci of cancer. Prognostic factor reporting was more variable, with lower overall kappas for the assessment of Gleason grading (experts 0.55, others 0.50), perineural invasion (experts 0.64, others 0.50) and number of positive cores (experts 0.74, others 0.61).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the difficulties in diagnosis of prostatic biopsy specimens and the assessment of prognostic factors, the expansion of the scheme could deliver important educational benefits.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK. patricia.harnden@leedsth.nhs.uk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harnden
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kodikara
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patnick
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melia
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D010338:Pathology, Clinical / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000639:trends*; D013222:State Medicine / Q000639:trends*; D006113:United Kingdom