title: Effect of olive oil-based emulsion on human lymphocyte and neutrophil death.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incorporation of lipid emulsions in parenteral diets is a requirement for energy and essential fatty acid supply to critically ill patients. The most frequently used IV lipid emulsions (LE) are composed with long-chain triacylglycerols rich in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from soybean oil, but these LE promote lymphocyte and neutrophil death. A new emulsion containing 20% soybean oil and 80% olive oil rich in omega-9 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) has been hypothesized not to cause impairment of immune function. In this study, the toxicity of an olive oil-based emulsion (OOE) on lymphocytes and neutrophils from healthy volunteers was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty volunteers were recruited and blood was collected before a 6-hour infusion of an OOE, immediately after infusion, and again 18 hours postinfusion. Lymphocytes and neutrophils were isolated by gradient density. The cells were studied immediately after isolation and after 24 hours or 48 hours in culture. The following determinations were carried out: triacylglycerol levels and fatty acid composition and levels in plasma, lymphocyte proliferation, production of reactive oxygen species, and parameters of lymphocyte and neutrophil death (viability, DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine externalization, mitochondrial depolarization, and neutral lipid accumulation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  OOE decreased lymphocyte proliferation, provoked lymphocyte necrosis, and had no effect on the proportion of viable neutrophils. The mechanism of cell death induced by OOE involved neutral lipid accumulation but had no effect on mitochondrial membrane depolarization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The OOE given as a single dose of 500 mL induced low toxicity to lymphocytes from healthy volunteers, probably by necrosis.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Science, Biological Sciences and Health Center, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil. mafecury@icb.usp.br
authors.forename: Maria Fernanda
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cury-Boaventura
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gorjão
authors.forename: Thaís Martins
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.forename: Jarlei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fiamoncini
authors.forename: Rosângela Pavan
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mancini-Filho
authors.forename: Francisco Garcia
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Soriano
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Curi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013024:Soybean Oil