title: Human papillomavirus in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma of the high-risk Kazakh ethnic group in Xinjiang, China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype-specific prevalence in the high-risk Kazakh ethnic group with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-seven Kazakh patients with primary ESCC were studied. From each patient, two tissue samples were collected: one sample of the tumor and one sample of normal esophageal tissue from an area away from the tumor. Tissues were analyzed by INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping test v2 assay allowing the detection of at least 24 different HPV genotypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty cancer patients (30%) had HPV DNA detected in collected specimens. Interestingly, 14 patients (21%) had HPV only in the tumor and six (9%) had HPV only in the normal esophageal tissue. Overall, HPV16 was the viral type most frequently detected being present in eight out of 20 positive cases (40%). No correlation between the presence of HPVs and the gender or ESCC grade was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If the causative factors of esophageal carcinogenesis remain to be firmly established in the Kazakh population, HPV found in 30% of patients might play a role in the etiology of esophageal SCC.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, 1st Teaching Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China.
authors.forename: X M
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monnier-Benoit
authors.forename: L Z
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Prétet
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Vuitton
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mougin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000145:classification / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence