title: Mercury, vaccines, and autism: one controversy, three histories.
abstract: The controversy regarding the once widely used mercury-containing preservative thimerosal in childhood vaccines has raised many historical questions that have not been adequately explored. Why was this preservative incorporated in the first place? Was there any real evidence that it caused harm? And how did thimerosal become linked in the public mind to the "autism epidemic"? I examine the origins of the thimerosal controversy and their legacy for the debate that has followed. More specifically, I explore the parallel histories of three factors that converged to create the crisis: vaccine preservatives, mercury poisoning, and autism. An understanding of this history provides important lessons for physicians and policymakers seeking to preserve the public's trust in the nation's vaccine system.
authors.affiliation: Trent Center for Bioethics, Humanities, and History of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 3040, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Baker009@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000209:etiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. / Q000266:history; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000266:history; D006291:Health Policy; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008630:Mercury Poisoning / Q000266:history*; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000266:history*; D011639:Public Opinion; D013849:Thimerosal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000266:history*; D035502:Trust; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration / Q000266:history; D014612:Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000266:history / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D008767:Methylmercury Compounds; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; D014612:Vaccines; D013849:Thimerosal