title: Fat and fiber consumption are associated with peripheral arterial disease in a cross-sectional study of a Japanese-Brazilian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Western diet plays a role for the epidemics of obesity and related diseases. This study examined a possible association between peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and the dietary components of Japanese immigrants living in Brazil.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this cross-sectional study, 1,267 subjects (aged > or =30 years) with complete dietary, clinical and laboratory data were studied according to a standardized protocol. Ankle-to-brachial index was used to identify subjects with PAD. The overall prevalence of PAD was 14.6%. Subjects with PAD were older, had lower education and higher mean values of blood pressure, triglycerides, and fasting and 2-h plasma glucose levels compared with those without the disease. Among the subjects with PAD, the consumption of fiber from whole grains (3.0 vs 3.4 g, p=0.001) and linoleic acids (11.0 vs 11.7 g, p=0.017) were lower and intake of total (72.8 vs 69.1 g, p=0.016) and saturated fatty acids (17.4 vs 16.3 g, p=0.012) were higher than those without PAD. Results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between PAD with high total fat intake, low intake of fiber from fruit and oleic acid, independently of other variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite limitations in examining the cause - effect relationship, the data support the notion that diet could be important in reducing the occurrence of PAD.
authors.affiliation: Preventive Medicine Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. suely@medprev.epm.br
authors.forename: Suely Godoy Agostinho
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Gimeno
authors.forename: Amélia Toyomi
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Helena Aiko
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Harima
authors.forename: Mário Yasuo
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Rosana Farah
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Simony
authors.forename: Newton
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de Barros
authors.forename: Marly A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: Sandra Roberta Gouvea
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001938:Brazil / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004493:Education; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D014280:Triglycerides