title: The effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation instruction: animation versus dispatcher through a cellular phone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We developed a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instruction programme using motion capture animation integrated into cellular phones. We compared the effectiveness of animation-assisted CPR instruction with dispatcher-assisted instruction in participants with no previous CPR training.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a single blind cluster randomized trial. Participants were allocated to either animation-assisted CPR (AA-CPR; 8 clusters, 44 participants) group or dispatcher-assisted CPR (DA-CPR; 8 clusters, 41 participants). The overall performance and time of each step of CPR cycle were recorded on a checklist by 3 assessors. The objective performances were evaluated using the Resusci Anne SkillReporter Manikin. Differences between the groups were compared using an independent t-test adjusted for the effect of clustering.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AA-CPR group had a significantly better checklist score (p<0.001) and time to completion of 1 CPR cycle (p<0.001) than the DA-CPR group. In an objective assessment of psychomotor skill, the AA-CPR group demonstrated more accurate hand positioning (68.8+/-3.6%, p=0.033) and compression rate (72.4+/-3.7%, p=0.015) than DA-CPR group. However, the accuracy of compression depth (p=0.400), ventilation volume (p=0.977) and flow rate (p=0.627) were below 30% in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Audiovisual animated CPR instruction through a cellular phone resulted in better scores in checklist assessment and time interval compliance in participants without CPR skill compared to those who received CPR instructions from a dispatcher; however, the accuracy of important psychomotor skill measures was unsatisfactory in both groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Minhong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choa
authors.forename: Incheol
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyun Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Sun K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Hoshik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Seungho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000193:education*; D040421:Cell Phone; D004521:Educational Measurement; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training / Q000379:methods*; D008348:Manikins; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014741:Video Recording