title: Topical transduction of superoxide dismutase mediated by HIV-1 Tat protein transduction domain ameliorates 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice.
abstract: A domain (RKKRRQRRR) derived from HIV-1 Tat is one of the most efficient protein transduction domains (PTD) for delivering macromolecules including proteins into cells and tissues. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase are major cellular defenses against oxidative stress which results in various diseases including skin inflammation. In this study, we examined the effect of SOD fused with HIV-1 Tat PTD (Tat-SOD) on TPA-induced skin inflammation in mice. Topical application of Tat-SOD to mice ears 1h after TPA application once a day for 3 days dose-dependently inhibited TPA-induced ear edema in mice. Topical application on mice ears of Tat-SOD also suppressed TPA-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 as well as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and production of PGE(2). Furthermore, topical application of Tat-SOD resulted in significant reduction in activation of NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in the mice ears treated with TPA. These data demonstrates that Tat-SOD inhibits TPA-induced inflammation in mice by reducing the levels of expression of proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes regulated by the NF-kappaB and MAPK and can be used as a therapeutic agent against skin inflammation related to oxidative damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, 1 Okchun-dong, Chunchon, Kangwon-Do 200-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ha Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Ji Ae
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung Mi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Ki-Yeon
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Moo Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Hyung-Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Won Sik
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Eum
authors.forename: Sang Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Soo Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jinseu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000276:immunology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000276:immunology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000276:immunology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D015232:Dinoprostone; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate