title: Effects of respiratory muscle endurance training on wheelchair racing performance in athletes with paraplegia: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET) has been shown to improve both respiratory muscle and cycling exercise endurance in able-bodied subjects. Since effects of RMET on upper extremity exercise performance have not yet been investigated, we evaluated the effects of RMET on 10-km time-trial performance in wheelchair racing athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pilot study, controlled before and after trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spinal cord injury research center.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 competitive wheelchair racing athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The training group performed 30 sessions of RMET for 30 min each. The control group did no respiratory muscle training.
  
  
  METHODS
  Differences in 10-km time-trial performance pre- versus postintervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the training group, the time of the 10-km time-trial decreased significantly from before versus after intervention (27.1 +/- 9.0 vs. 24.1 +/- 6.6 min); this did not occur in the control group (23.3 +/- 2.8 vs. 23.2 +/- 2.4 min). No between groups difference was present (P = 0.150). Respiratory muscle endurance increased significantly within the training group (9.1 +/- 7.2 vs. 39.9 +/- 17.8 min) and between groups, but not within the control group (4.3 +/- 2.9 vs. 6.6 +/- 7.0 min) before versus after intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a strong trend, with a large observed effect size of d = 0.87, towards improved performance in the 10-km time-trial after 6 weeks of RMET.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland. gabi.mueller@paranet.ch
authors.forename: Gabi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perret
authors.forename: Maria Te
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hopman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001945:Breathing Exercises; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010264:Paraplegia; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012132:Respiratory Muscles; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries; D013177:Sports; D014910:Wheelchairs