title: Murine and human autotaxin alpha, beta, and gamma isoforms: gene organization, tissue distribution, and biochemical characterization.
abstract: Autotaxin is a type II ectonucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase enzyme. It has been recently discovered that it also has a lysophospholipase D activity. This enzyme probably provides most of the extracellular lysophosphatidic acid from lysophosphatidylcholine. The cloning and tissue distribution of the three isoforms (imaginatively called alpha, beta, and gamma) from human and mouse are reported in this study, as well as their tissue distribution by PCR in the human and mouse. The fate of the alpha isoform from human was also studied after purification and using mass spectrometry. Indeed, this particular isoform expresses the intron 12 in which a cleavage site is present, leading to a rapid catabolism of the isoform. For the human isoform gamma and the total autotaxin mRNA expression, quantitative PCR is presented in 21 tissues. The isoforms were expressed in two different hosts, insect cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells, and were highly purified. The characteristics of the six purified isoforms (pH and temperature dependence, K(m) and V(max) values, and their dependence on metal ions) are presented in this study. Their sensitivity to a small molecule inhibitor, hypericin, is also shown. Finally, the specificity of the isoforms toward a large family of lysophosphatidylcholines is reported. This study is the first complete description of the reported autotaxin isoforms.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
authors.forename: Adeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giganti
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fould
authors.forename: Natacha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moulharat
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cogé
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chomarat
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Galizzi
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valet
authors.forename: Jean-Sébastien
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Saulnier-Blache
authors.forename: Jean A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Boutin
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000873:Anthracenes; D001483:Base Sequence; D016466:CHO Cells; D019556:COS Cells; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010569:Perylene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D043264:Phosphodiesterase I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D013379:Substrate Specificity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000099189:Lysophospholipase D
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D010569:Perylene; D043264:Phosphodiesterase I; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D011755:Pyrophosphatases; D000099189:Lysophospholipase D; C004965:hypericin; C032881:lysophosphatidic acid