title: Fetal and neonatal ovarian cysts: is surgery indicated?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the frequency of ovarian torsion in neonates with ovarian cysts (OCs) and to analyze the outcome after surgical treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of all infants with OCs managed in our institution during 20 years, was conducted. Our management included a follow-up (FU) of prenatal serial ultrasound (US) scan without prenatal cyst aspiration and early postnatal US scan. Neonatal surgery was indicated for cysts that appeared complex regardless of size and for simple cysts larger than 20 mm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-seven OCs detected through prenatal diagnosis were identified. Cysts were detected at a median gestational age (GA) of 33 weeks. At diagnosis, median size of the OCs was 40 mm, and 18% were complex. On the postnatal US scan, 55% were complex. Neonatal surgery was performed for 64 OCs : 56% were torsed, 6% were hemorrhagic, and 38% were uncomplicated. Proportions of complex- and simple-appearing cysts on prenatal or postnatal US scan were the only significantly different parameters found between infants with torsed or not torsed OC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated that OC bears a high risk of ovarian loss. These findings have implications regarding information and treatment offered to pregnant women bearing an affected fetus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, AP-HP, Armand Trousseau Children's Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Emmanuelle
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Monnery-Noché
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Auber
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jouannic
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bénifla
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carbonne
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dommergues
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lenoir
authors.forename: Hubert Ducou
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Lepointe
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larroquet
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grapin
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Audry
authors.forename: Pierre G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Hélardot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010048:Ovarian Cysts / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014102:Torsion Abnormality / Q000601:surgery; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal