title: Spinal mechanisms contribute to differences in the time to failure of submaximal fatiguing contractions performed with different loads.
abstract: This study compared the mechanisms that limit the time to failure of a sustained submaximal contraction at 20% of maximum when the elbow flexors either supported an inertial load (position task) or exerted an equivalent constant torque against a rigid restraint (force task). The surface electromyogram (EMG), the motor-evoked potential (MEP) in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex, and the Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) and maximal M-wave (Mmax) elicited by electrical stimulation of the brachial plexus were recorded in biceps brachii during the two tasks. Although the time to failure for the position task was only 44% of that for the force task, the rate of increase of the average EMG (aEMG; % initial MVC) and MEP area (% Mmax) did not differ significantly during the two tasks. At task failure, however, the increases in normalized aEMG and MEP area were significantly (P < 0.05) greater for the force task (36.4 and 219.9%) than for the position task (22.4 and 141.7%). Furthermore, the superimposed mechanical twitch (% initial MVC), evoked by TMS during a brief MVC of the elbow flexors immediately after task failure, was increased similarly in both tasks. Although the normalized H-reflex area (% Mmax) decreased during the two fatiguing contractions, the reduction was more rapid and greater during the position task (59.8%) compared with the force task (34.7%). Taken together, the results suggest that spinal mechanisms were a major determinant of the briefer time to failure for the position task.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Biology, Institute for Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klass
authors.forename: Morgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lévénez
authors.forename: Roger M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Enoka
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duchateau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D004550:Elbow / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D006181:H-Reflex / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D019415:Torque; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*