title: Intranasal administration of a recombinant adenovirus expressing the norovirus capsid protein stimulates specific humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses in mice.
abstract: Norovirus (NV) is a major cause of acute, epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis in individuals of all ages. The immunological mechanism of NV infection and the approaches used to prevent infection remain to be elucidated. In this study, the specific immune responses of BALB/c mice were assessed following intranasal immunization with a recombinant adenovirus vector expressing the genogroup II4 (GGII/4) norovirus capsid protein. Analysis of IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies specific for the recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) of NV demonstrated that a high level of humoral immunity developed following immunization. Mucosal immune responses were also detectable in stool, intestinal homogenates, lung homogenates, and lung lavage samples. Specific cellular immune responses were observed in NV VLPs-restimulated splenocytes by ELISPOT and Th1/Th2 cytokine cytometric array (CBA). Serum IgG subclass analysis showed that a balanced Th1- and Th2-like cellular immune response was induced in BALB/c mice following immunization with recombinant adenovirus. These findings demonstrate that the intranasal immunization of a recombinant adenovirus expressing the NV capsid protein is an efficient strategy to stimulate systemic, mucosal, and cellular Th1/Th2 immune responses in mice, and could serve as a novel approach for designing NV vaccines.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jianwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hongli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Hongli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Si
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jingdong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Bingjuan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hung
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D000917:Antibody Formation; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000276:immunology*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007114:Immunization; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D029322:Norovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014765:Viral Vaccines