title: Increased susceptibility for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and contraceptive-induced cholestasis in carriers of the 1331T>C polymorphism in the bile salt export pump.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the association of three common ABCB11 and ABCC2 polymorphisms (ABCB11: 1331T>C --> V444A; ABCC2: 3563T>A --> V1188E and 4544G>A --> C1515Y) with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and contraceptive-induced cholestasis (CIC).
  
  
  METHODS
  ABCB11 and ABCC2 genotyping data were available from four CIC patients and from 42 and 33 ICP patients, respectively. Allele-frequencies of the studied polymorphisms were compared with those in healthy pregnant controls and Caucasian individuals. Furthermore, serum bile acid levels were correlated with the presence or absence of the 1331 C allele.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ABCB11 1331T>C polymorphism was significantly more frequent in cholestatic patients than in pregnant controls: C allele 76.2% (CI, 58.0-94.4) vs 51.3% (CI 35.8-66.7), respectively (P = 0.0007); and CC allele 57.1% (CI 36.0-78.3) vs 20% (CI 7.6-32.4), respectively (P = 0.0065). All four CIC patients were homozygous carriers of the C allele. In contrast, none of the studied ABCC2 polymorphism was overrepresented in ICP or CIC patients. Higher serum bile acid levels were found in carriers of the 1331CC genotype compared to carriers of the TT genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support a role for the ABCB11 1331T>C polymorphism as a susceptibility factor for the development of estrogen-induced cholestasis, whereas no such association was found for ABCC2. Serum bile acid and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels might help to distinguish ABCB4- and ABCB11-related forms of ICP and CIC.
authors.affiliation: DIvision of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zodan
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Gerd A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kullak-Ublick
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stieger
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pauli-Magnus
mesh_terms: D000074020:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002780:Cholestasis, Intrahepatic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics*; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000074020:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; C093491:ABCB11 protein, human; C000715087:ABCC2 protein, human