title: Determination of origin of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): the use of multiprobe and multielement isotopic analyses in combination with fatty acid composition to assess wild or farmed origin.
abstract: Variability within the stable isotope ratios in various lipidic fractions and the fatty acid composition of muscle oil has been analyzed for a large sample (171 fish) of wild and farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) from 32 origins within Europe, North America, and Tasmania. Sampling was extended over all seasons in 2 consecutive years and included fish raised by different practices, in order to maximize the range of variation present. It is shown that two readily measured parameters, delta 15N measured on choline and delta18 O measured on total oil, can be successfully used to discriminate between fish of authentic wild and farmed origin. However, the certainty of identification of mislabeling in market-derived fish is strengthened by including the percentage of linoleic acid C18:2n-6 in the lipidic fraction. Thus, several apparent misidentifications were found. The combination of these three analytical parameters and the size of the database generated makes the method practical for implementation in official laboratories as a tool of labeling verification.
authors.affiliation: Eurofins Scientific Analytics, Rue PA Bobierre, BP 42301, 44323 Nantes Cedex 3, France. FreddyThomas@Eurofins.com
authors.forename: Freddy
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jamin
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wietzerbin
authors.forename: Régis
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guérin
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lees
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morvan
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Billault
authors.forename: Solène
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Derrien
authors.forename: Jose Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moreno Rojas
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guillou
authors.forename: Marit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aursand
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McEvoy
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prael
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Robins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D005515:Food Labeling; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000145:classification*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D005395:Fish Oils; D008055:Lipids; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes