title: An evaluation of needle exchange programmes in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide an overview of needle exchange programme (NEP) models used in China and factors associated with their use by injecting drug users (IDU).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen NEP in Sichuan and Guangxi provinces were selected for study. The managers were asked to complete a short questionnaire and participate in an interview about the services offered, including needle turnover rates, number of clients, and use of peer educators. The local senior police officers were interviewed for their points of views about NEP. Finally, drug users using the NEP and those residents in compulsory detoxification centres were surveyed about using NEP services.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The NEP offered services during normal working hours and used peer educators to do additional exchanging that involved secondary exchangers in the community. Needle turnover ranged from 70.1% to over 100%. Most attendees (82.3%) knew about the service through friends, but only 7.3% of local IDU were using the services. Peer educators could get almost all the needles they needed, but secondary exchangers could only get approximately two-thirds of their required needles. NEP attendees were more frequent injectors and had a higher education than non-attendees. Needle turnover was higher when peer educators had a higher wage and when local police were supportive of the programme.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NEP are improving in terms of needle turnover and attendance. Greater cooperation from police, higher wages for peer educators, and wider awareness of the programmes among IDU are needed to increase coverage.
authors.affiliation: National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Sheena G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Zunyou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005260:Female; D006078:Government Programs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D040441:Health Educators / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D018671:Needle-Exchange Programs / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010379:Peer Group; D016495:Police / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits; D012494:Sampling Studies; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires