title: Antimicrobial efficacy of prophylactic gatifloxacin 0.3% and moxifloxacin 0.5% in patients undergoing phacoemulsification surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the ocular surface and aqueous antimicrobial effects of gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin administered in two dosing regimens to patients undergoing phacoemulsification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were divided between two treatment groups and randomized to receive gatifloxacin 0.3% or moxifloxacin 0.5% within each group. Group 1 patients received antibiotics four times per day for 2 days before surgery with one additional drop the morning of surgery (n=50, each drug). Group 2 patients were treated as in group 1, plus four drops (one drop every 10 minutes) during the hour before surgery (n=60, each drug). Conjunctival and eyelid swabs were taken before surgery, and aqueous humor cultures were obtained immediately after surgery. Pathogens were identified and colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were observed between the antibiotics in mean CFUs in conjunctival cultures from group 1 (gatifloxacin, 59.9+/-165.6 CFUs; moxifloxacin, 57.0+/-214.7 CFUs; P=0.939) or group 2 (gatifloxacin, 76.7+/-327.7 CFUs; moxifloxacin, 92.0+/-486.1 CFUs; P=0.830). No differences were observed between antibiotics in mean CFUs in eyelid cultures from group 1 (gatifloxacin, 198.1+/-330.1 CFUs; moxifloxacin, 168.3+/-379.0; P=0.840) or group 2 (gatifloxacin, 556.8+/-1,029.3 CFUs; moxifloxacin, 596.5+/-1,013.5 CFUs; P=0.832). The overall rate of positive aqueous cultures in the 220 patients from groups 1 and 2 combined was less than 1% (i.e., no difference between antibiotics in either group).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative topical ophthalmic gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin produced similar preoperative eyelid and conjunctival bacterial counts and identically low postsurgical aqueous contamination rates.
authors.affiliation: Bucci Laser Vision Institute, Wilkes Barre, PA 18702, USA. buccivision@aol.com
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Bucci
authors.forename: Loretta M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Amico
authors.forename: Ruth E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000379:methods*; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000382:microbiology; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000382:microbiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000382:microbiology; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077734:Gatifloxacin; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011804:Quinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011804:Quinolines; D000077734:Gatifloxacin; D000077266:Moxifloxacin