title: B cell immunopathology during HIV-1 infection: lessons to learn for HIV-1 vaccine design.
abstract: Induction of broad HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies should be a major goal of an effective HIV-1 vaccine. However, B cells are severely damaged during HIV-1 infection with loss of memory B cells and decline of serological memory. The molecular events leading to B cell damage must be further characterized with the aim of selecting vaccine components allowing preservation of B cell functions. This review focuses on B cell damage and antibody responses in HIV-1-infected patients during vaccination studies with viral and bacterial antigens. In addition novel data indicate that B cell activation may be at the basis of impaired immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 16, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cagigi
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Milito
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiodi
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015488:HIV Antigens; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine