title: Assessing expression of apoptotic markers using large cohort tissue microarrays.
abstract: Apoptotic markers include proteins from the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. These cascades include both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic elements. The expression levels of these elements can be assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and can indicate general trends in prov-ersus anti-apoptotic tendencies of the cells. IHC is particularly useful when studying large cohorts of paraffin-embedded specimens. Advances in tissue microarray (TMA) technology have facilitated evaluation of large cohorts of specimens, as cores from hundreds of patients can be represented on a single glass slide and stained in a uniform fashion. In this chapter, we discuss construction and staining methods of TMAs and present examples of assessment of apoptotic marker expression in malignant and benign cells using a novel method of automated, quantitative analysis of in situ protein expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Elah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pick
authors.forename: Mary M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Harriet M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kluger
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008954:Models, Biological; D018401:Sample Size; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor