title: Can prophylactic breast irradiation contribute to cardiac toxicity in patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen suppressing drugs?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Androgen suppression treatment (AST) might increase the risk of cardiac morbidity in prostate cancer patients. Possible explanations were provided, however, they disregard the potential contribution of prophylactic radiotherapy to the mamillary regions (PMRT, prescribed to avoid gynecomastia).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the exposure of the heart in a typical electron beam PMRT setting by evaluating computed tomography (CT) scans in 40 non-cancer patients (age 65 and 75 years in 50% each) and 17 prostate cancer patients. Five of the younger, 7 of the older and 4 of the cancer patients had significant cardiac disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median distance between skin and outer heart contour decreased with age. In all three groups, patients with cardiac morbidity had smaller distances. When using the CT-determined PMRT beam energy, 10% of the younger, 15% of the older and none of the prostate cancer patients would receive approximately 50% of the prescription dose to a part of the heart (2 had no history of cardiac disease). When using the clinically rather than CT-determined beam energy, as often done in daily practice, an additional 12.5% of the non-cancer and 12% of the prostate cancer patients would be exposed to comparably high doses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data provide preliminary evidence that PMRT might be a factor that contributes to cardiac side effects. Previous studies that established a relationship between AST and cardiac morbidity did not include information on delivery of PMRT.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Unit, Nordlandssykehuset HF, 8092 Bodø, Norway. cnied@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nieder
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pawinski
authors.forename: Nicolaus H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Andratschke
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molls
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001940:Breast / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006177:Gynecomastia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists