title: Comprehensive gene expression analysis in bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review recent findings by DNA microarray in bipolar disorder (BD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comprehensive gene expression analysis in the brain, peripheral blood cells, and olfactory neuroepithelium would be a promising strategy for the research of BD. To date, alterations in glutamate receptors (GR), mitochondria-related genes, chaperone genes, oligodendrocyte genes, and markers of gamma amino butyric acidergic (GABAergic) neurons in postmortem brains are replicated by several different strategies. However, alterations in mitochondria-related genes are associated with agonal factors, sample pH, and effects of drugs. Analysis of blood cells showed altered endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway and other molecular cascades. Analysis of olfactory epithelium showed altered expression of genes associated with apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings warrant that comprehensive gene expression analysis by DNA microarray will be useful to identify the molecular cascades responsible for BD.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan. kato@brain.riken.jp
authors.forename: Tadafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kakiuchi
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D018079:Receptors, GABA / Q000235:genetics; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; C512485:PDLIM5 protein, human; D018079:Receptors, GABA; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate