Celastrol inhibits production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines through MAPK signal transduction and NF-kappaB in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells.
Excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines from activated microglia play an important role in human neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we investigated whether celastrol, which has been used as a potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agent in Chinese medicine, attenuates excessive production of NO and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-1betal in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells, a mouse microglial cell line. We report here that the LPS-elicited excessive production of NO, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta in BV-2 cells was largely inhibited in the presence of celastrol, and the attenuation of inducible iNOS and these cytokines resulted from the reduced expression of mRNAs of iNOS and these cytokines, respectively. The molecular mechanisms that underlie celastrol-mediated attenuation were the inhibition of LPS-induced phosphorylation of MAPK/ERK1/2 and the DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB in BV-2 cells. The results indicate that celastrol effectively attenuated NO and proinflammatory cytokine production via the inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation in LPS-activated microglia. Thus, celastrol may be an effective therapeutic candidate for use in the treatment of neurodegenerative human brain disorders.
Jung
Hyo Won
HW
Department of Herbology, College of Oriental Medicine Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Korea.
Chung
Yoo Sun
YS
Kim
Yoon Seong
YS
Park
Yong-Ki
YK
D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016328:NF-kappa B; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014315:Triterpenes; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C050414:celastrol