title: P53 represses human papillomavirus type 16 DNA replication via the viral E2 protein.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA replication can be inhibited by the cellular tumour suppressor protein p53. However, the mechanism through which p53 inhibits viral replication and the role that this might play in the HPV life cycle are not known. The papillomavirus E2 protein is required for efficient HPV DNA replication and also regulates viral gene expression. E2 represses transcription of the HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes and can thereby modulate indirectly host cell proliferation and survival. In addition, the E2 protein from HPV 16 has been shown to bind p53 and to be capable of inducing apoptosis independently of E6 and E7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we use a panel of E2 mutants to confirm that mutations which block the induction of apoptosis via this E6/E7-independent pathway, have little or no effect on the induction of apoptosis by the E6/E7-dependent pathway. Although these mutations in E2 do not affect the ability of the protein to mediate HPV DNA replication, they do abrogate the repressive effects of p53 on the transcriptional activity of E2 and prevent the inhibition of E2-dependent HPV DNA replication by p53.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that p53 down-regulates HPV 16 DNA replication via the E2 protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. craig.brown@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kowalczyk
authors.forename: Ewan R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Iain M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gaston
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009154:Mutation; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C054855:E2 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53