title: The role of the physical environment in crossing the quality chasm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence-based design findings are available to help inform hospital decision makers of opportunities for ensuring that quality and safety are designed into new and refurbished facilities.
  The Institute of Medicine's six quality aims of patient centeredness, safety, effectiveness, efficiency, timeliness, and equity provide an organizing framework for introducing a representative portion of the evidence. Design improvements include single-bed and variable-acuity rooms; electronic access to medical records; greater accommodation for families and visitors; handrails to prevent patient falls; standardization (room layout, equipment, and supplies for improved efficiencies); improved work process flow to reduce delays and wait times; and better assessment of changing demographics, disease conditions, and community needs for appropriately targeted health care services.
  A recent analysis of the business case suggests that a slight, one-time incremental cost for ensuring safety and quality would be paid back in two to three years in the form of operational savings and increased revenues. Hospitals leaders anticipating new construction projects should take advantage of evidence-based design findings that have the potential of raising the quality of acute care for decades to come.
authors.affiliation: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Kerm.Henriksen@ahrq.hhs.gov
authors.forename: Kerm
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Henriksen
authors.forename: Sandi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isaacson
authors.forename: Blair L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Sadler
authors.forename: Craig M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Zimring
mesh_terms: D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D006272:Health Facility Environment / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006749:Hospital Design and Construction; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000458:organization & administration; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017751:Safety Management / Q000458:organization & administration