Increasing nutrition literacy: testing the effectiveness of print, web site, and game modalities.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the effectiveness of three modalities for delivery of nutrition education.


METHODS
Between-subjects, repeated-measures design.


METHODS
Data were collected at community agencies or during home visits.


METHODS
Low-income, European American and African American mothers (N = 155).


METHODS
Participants were exposed to nutrition education material in 1 of 3 modalities (a computer game, The Fantastic Food Challenge; Web site; or pamphlet). Likeability, nutrition knowledge, intention to use, and demographic measures followed the intervention at T1 and T2.


METHODS
5-point Likert-type scales measured likeability (5 items), and 33 multiple-choice questions measured knowledge.


METHODS
Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) procedures using SPSS version 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) software, P < .05.


RESULTS
Overall, the Web site was liked more than the other conditions with this audience of women. Significant differences in attention, understanding, and intent to use the information existed across modalities. The Web site performed better than other modalities on knowledge outcomes, with no differences in knowledge retention from T1 to T2.


CONCLUSIONS
The Web site modality performed best with this audience of women, indicating that interactive computer games may not confer greater benefits than traditional modes of information delivery for all audiences, particularly those with low computer skills.
Silk
Kami J
KJ
Department of Communication, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. silkk@msu.edu
Sherry
John
J
Winn
Brian
B
Keesecker
Nicole
N
Horodynski
Mildred A
MA
Sayir
Aylin
A
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000193:education; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D054626:Consumer Health Information / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008824:Michigan; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000193:education*; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D010174:Pamphlets; D011203:Poverty / Q000208:ethnology; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013664:Teaching Materials / Q000592:standards*; D018910:Video Games / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D035862:Vulnerable Populations