title: Elevation of circulating interleukin-8 is related to lymph node and distant metastases in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas--implication for clinical evaluation of cancer patient.
abstract: The presence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is an important factor in clinical evaluation of esophageal cancer patients. Biological markers able to support detection of metastatic lymph nodes are sought after. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is overexpressed by many cancers and involved in cancer dissemination. We investigated the relationship between circulating IL-8 and clinicopathological features of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and evaluated the diagnostic potential of IL-8, with reference to the key angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors: vascular endothelial growth factors A and C (VEGF-A and VEGF-C). We found elevated IL-8 levels in ESCC patients, correlated with tumor size and cancer dissemination, especially LNM. Circulating IL-8 correlated with lymphangiogenic VEGF-C rather then angiogenic VEGF-A. The association weakened in metastatic cancers, suggesting divergent mechanism of IL-8 involvement in the dissemination process. The cytokine levels correlated with platelets and neutrophils, pointing at these cells as possible sources of circulating IL-8. We demonstrated IL-8 that positively correlated with inflammation status of ESCC patients. Circulating IL-8 was a better indicator of ESCC dissemination than VEGF-A or VEGF-C. Yet, the detection rates were not satisfactory enough to allow for the recommendation of IL-8 determination as an adjunct to the clinical evaluation of lymph node involvement in ESCC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Silesian Piasts University of Medicine, ul. Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland. gosia.krzystek@gmail.com
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krzystek-Korpacka
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matusiewicz
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Diakowska
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grabowski
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blachut
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Konieczny
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kustrzeba-Wojcicka
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Terlecki
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Banas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016209:Interleukin-8; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C