title: A novel homogeneous bioluminescence resonance energy transfer element for biomolecular detection with CCD camera or CMOS device.
abstract: A novel optical signal element based on homogeneous bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) was developed for biomolecular detection. A fluorescent dye and alkaline phosphatase (AP) conjugate was used as a reporter and light-generation element for imaging detection platforms that use a CCD camera or CMOS chip-based devices. In the presence of a luminescence substrate, the energy from the first light emission of a bioluminescence enzymatic reaction was transferred to fluorescent dyes which were conjugated to an enzyme. This resulted in a second light emission with a shorter wavelength. The second light was localized at the position of target molecules without the diffusion problems present in current technology. To optimize energy transfer efficiency, the ratio of enzyme to fluorophore in the conjugates, the fluorescent dyes used in the conjugates and the luminescence substrates used for BRET were investigated. BRET was demonstrated by using both a CCD camera and a CMOS imaging device. Image spatial resolution was greatly improved compared with conventional chemiluminescence detection. This new signal element opens a door for the direct measurement of fluorescent signals on an imaging chip without an external light source and portable instrumentation normally required for the fluorescent detection of biomolecules.
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Microelectronics and Biomolecular Research, University of Idaho, Post Falls, ID 83854, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Filanoski
authors.forename: Shiva K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: Nirankar N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Wusi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maki
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000737:chemistry*; D004735:Energy Transfer; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D049449:Luminescence; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase