title: Drugs of abuse among acute psychiatric and medical admissions: laboratory based identification of prevalence and drug influence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use laboratory based analyses of blood and urine to determine the prevalence and influence of drugs of abuse among acute psychiatric and medical admissions.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross sectional study, urine and blood samples were collected from 100 psychiatric and 106 medical admissions and extensively analysed for legal drugs with abuse potential, alcohol and illegal drugs. Drug influence at the time of admission was estimated on the basis of blood drug concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Legal drugs were found in 47% of the psychiatric and 42% of the medical admissions. Alcohol was detected in 8% of the psychiatric and 4% of medical admissions, and illegal drugs were detected in 36% of the psychiatric and 13% of the medical admissions. Drug influence was estimated in 26% of the psychiatric and 14% of the medical patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows widespread use of substances among psychiatric and medical inpatients and that many are under the influence of drugs on admission.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Department, Lovisenberg Deaconal Hospital, NO-0440 Oslo, Norway. jon.mordal@fhi.no <jon.mordal@fhi.no>
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mordal
authors.forename: Jørgen G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bramness
authors.forename: Bjørn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.forename: Jørg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mørland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D010343:Patient Admission; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine; D014481:United States