title: The economic burden of nephropathy in diabetic patients in Germany in 2002.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to describe the resource use and costs due to predefined stages of nephropathy in diabetic patients and to evaluate its economical impact in Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective, observational study information about socio-demographics, clinical characteristics and resource use on adult type 1 and type 2 patients with nephropathy in diabetic patients were collected from 23 general practitioners, 10 internists and 24 diabetologists, who were randomly selected from a physicians' database. Based on these results average costs per patient were evaluated for each complication stage from the societal perspective and the perspective of the health insurance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The costs due to nephropathy in diabetic patients increase dramatically with the progression of the disease. The main cost drivers were dialysis and hospitalization which accounted for 68% of the total costs due to nephropathy in diabetic patients. The total estimated costs related to nephropathy in diabetic patients were euro1332 (from the perspective of the health insurance) and euro2019 from the societal perspective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients at high risk should be identified as early as possible and intensive diabetic case management should be provided to them to prevent or decelerate the expensive complications of nephropathy in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Deutschland GmbH, Saalburgerstr. 153, 61350 Bad Homburg, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Happich
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Landgraf
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Piehlmeier
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Falkenstein
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stamenitis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017281:Cost of Illness; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000191:economics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000191:economics*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies