title: Spouses' conceptions of the pre-hospital phase when their partners suffered an acute myocardial infarction--a qualitative analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Delay from onset of acute myocardial infarction symptoms to the delivery of medical care is a major determinant of prognosis. Although studies have explored patient reasons for delay, there are only limited data concerning experiences of the spouse.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Was to describe spouses' conceptions of the pre-hospital phase when their partners suffered an acute myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A phenomenographic approach was applied. Fifteen spouses were interviewed <48 h after the partner's hospital admittance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two categories with underlying sub-categories conceptualised the spouses' experiences. The category being resourceful contained: sharing the experience, having knowledge, understanding the severity, being rational, and consulting others. The category respecting independence contained: accepting the need for control, marital roles and experiences, restraining emotions, and seeking agreement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that spouses have a strong influence on the course of events. When accepting the partner's need for control through following earlier marital roles and experiences, restraining own emotions and seeking agreement, this seemed to contribute to delay. However, when the spouse was resourceful by sharing the experience, having knowledge, understanding the severity, being rational and consulting others when needed, this seemed to have a positive influence on the pre-hospital time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden. ingela.johansson@lio.se
authors.forename: Ingela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Swahn
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strömberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000523:psychology; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology; D013548:Sweden; D013997:Time Factors