title: The sequential activation of the yeast HOG and SLT2 pathways is required for cell survival to cell wall stress.
abstract: Yeast mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways transduce external stimuli into cellular responses very precisely. The MAPKs Slt2/Mpk1 and Hog1 regulate transcriptional responses of adaptation to cell wall and osmotic stresses, respectively. Unexpectedly, we observe that the activation of a cell wall integrity (CWI) response to the cell wall damage caused by zymolyase (beta-1,3 glucanase) requires both the HOG and SLT2 pathways. Zymolyase activates both MAPKs and Slt2 activation depends on the Sho1 branch of the HOG pathway under these conditions. Moreover, adaptation to zymolyase requires essential components of the CWI pathway, namely the redundant MAPKKs Mkk1/Mkk2, the MAPKKK Bck1, and Pkc1, but it does not require upstream elements, including the sensors and the guanine nucleotide exchange factors of this pathway. In addition, the transcriptional activation of genes involved in adaptation to cell wall stress, like CRH1, depends on the transcriptional factor Rlm1 regulated by Slt2, but not on the transcription factors regulated by Hog1. Consistent with these findings, both MAPK pathways are essential for cell survival under these circumstances because mutant strains deficient in different components of both pathways are hypersensitive to zymolyase. Thus, a sequential activation of two MAPK pathways is required for cellular adaptation to cell wall damage.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bermejo
authors.forename: Estefanía
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Peña
authors.forename: María L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rodríguez de la Concepción
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arias
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nombela
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Posas
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arroyo
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000494:pharmacology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C037833:zymolyase; C088589:HOG1 protein, S cerevisiae; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C072724:SLT2 protein, S cerevisiae; D006867:Hydrolases