title: Degradation of atrazine by an acclimatized soil fungal isolate.
abstract: A fungal strain able to use atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-5-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) as a source of nitrogen was isolated from a corn field soil that has been previously treated with the herbicide. This strain was purified and acclimatized to atrazine at a higher level in the laboratory. A supplemented N was required to trigger the reaction. Atrazine was degraded at a faster rate in inoculated mineral salt medium (MSM) than non-inoculated MSM. Within 20 days, nearly 34% of the atrazine was degraded in inoculated medium while only 2% of the herbicide was degraded in non-inoculated medium. Degradation of atrazine by the isolated fungal strain was also studied in sterile and non-sterile soil to determine the compatibility of the isolated strain with native microorganisms in soil. The degradation of atrazine was found to be more in inoculated sterile soil than in inoculated non-sterile soil. Cell free extract (CFE) of fungal mycelium degraded about 50% of the atrazine in buffer in 96 hours compared to the control. Four atrazine metabolites were isolated and characterized by LCMS. On the basis of morphological parameters the isolate was identified as Penicillium species. Results indicated that the microorganism may be useful for remediation of atrazine-contaminated soil.
authors.affiliation: Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. shashi.sbsagch@gmail.com
authors.forename: Shashi B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Shashi P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.forename: Shashi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pant
authors.forename: Gita
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kulshrestha
mesh_terms: D001280:Atrazine / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D006540:Herbicides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010407:Penicillium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D001280:Atrazine