title: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ORF57 functions as a viral splicing factor and promotes expression of intron-containing viral lytic genes in spliceosome-mediated RNA splicing.
abstract: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) ORF57 facilitates the expression of both intronless viral ORF59 genes and intron-containing viral K8 and K8.1 genes (V. Majerciak, N. Pripuzova, J. P. McCoy, S. J. Gao, and Z. M. Zheng, J. Virol. 81:1062-1071, 2007). In this study, we showed that disruption of ORF57 in a KSHV genome led to increased accumulation of ORF50 and K8 pre-mRNAs and reduced expression of ORF50 and K-bZIP proteins but had no effect on latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA). Cotransfection of ORF57 and K8beta cDNA, which retains a suboptimal intron of K8 pre-mRNA due to alternative splicing, promoted RNA splicing of K8beta and production of K8alpha (K-bZIP). Although Epstein-Barr virus EB2, a closely related homolog of ORF57, had a similar activity in the cotransfection assays, herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP27 was inactive. This enhancement of RNA splicing by ORF57 correlates with the intact N-terminal nuclear localization signal motifs of ORF57 and takes place in the absence of other viral proteins. In activated KSHV-infected B cells, KSHV ORF57 partially colocalizes with splicing factors in nuclear speckles and assembles into spliceosomal complexes in association with low-abundance viral ORF50 and K8 pre-mRNAs and essential splicing components. The association of ORF57 with snRNAs occurs by ORF57-Sm protein interaction. We also found that ORF57 binds K8beta pre-mRNAs in vitro in the presence of nuclear extracts. Collectively our data indicate that KSHV ORF57 functions as a novel splicing factor in the spliceosome-mediated splicing of viral RNA transcripts.
authors.affiliation: HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI/NIH, 10 Center Dr., Rm. 6N106, MSC-1868, Bethesda, MD 20892-1868, USA.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Majerciak
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamanegi
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Allemand
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kruhlak
authors.forename: Adrian R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Krainer
authors.forename: Zhi-Ming
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D019288:Herpesvirus 8, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D012326:RNA Splicing; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017381:Spliceosomes
chemical_list: D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012333:RNA, Messenger