title: Effect of implant surface roughness and loading on peri-implant bone formation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Critical factors for the establishment of osseointegration are the implant surface microtopography and the local mechanical environment. The present study evaluated the bone response around a turned (T) and a roughened (R) implant for either an unloaded or a well-controlled loaded situation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone chambers were installed in the tibia of 20 rabbits. In each of the chambers, two identical displacement-controlled loading experiments were performed: 30 microm for 400 cycles at 1 Hz, three times a week for 9 weeks versus 0-microm implant displacement. A linear mixed model and a logistic mixed model with alpha = 5% were set to study the significant effect of the surface texture on the peri-implant bone response in the unloaded (T-0 microm versus R-0 microm) and the loaded (T-30 microm versus R-30 microm) mode.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated no microtopographic dependence of the bone response further away from the implant in unloaded and loaded conditions. For a load-free implant, osseointegration seemed to occur with a higher incidence at a roughened compared to a turned implant surface. In the presence of loading, the topographic dependency of the osteogenic activity at the interface was overruled by the loading-related bone response, revealing no significant differences in osseointegration incidence between T and R.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A predominant effect of the interfacial mechanical environment over the implant surface characteristics on the differentiating cell population is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Biomaterials Research Group, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Katleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vandamme
authors.forename: Ignace
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Naert
authors.forename: Jozef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vander Sloten
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Puers
authors.forename: Joke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duyck
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000473:pathology; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D005260:Female; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000473:pathology; D016062:Porosity; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013977:Tibia / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D014025:Titanium