title: What type of monitoring has been shown to improve outcomes in acutely ill patients?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lack of evidence that some monitoring systems can improve outcomes has raised doubts about their use in the intensive care unit (ICU). The objective of this study was to determine which monitoring techniques have been shown to improve outcomes in ICU patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comprehensive literature review.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a highly sensitive search, up to June 2006, in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and MedLine, for prospective, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in adult patients in the ICU and the operating room (major surgical procedures) and focusing on the impact of monitoring on outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 4,175 potential articles, 67 evaluated the impact of monitoring in acutely ill adult patients. There were 40 studies related to hemodynamic monitoring, 17 to respiratory monitoring, and 10 to neurological monitoring. Seven studies were classified in two different categories. Positive non-mortality outcomes were observed in 17 of 40 hemodynamic studies, 11 of 17 respiratory, and in all 10 neurological studies. Mortality was evaluated in 31 hemodynamic studies, but a beneficial impact was demonstrated in only 10. For respiratory monitoring, 7 studies evaluated mortality, but only 3 of them showed an improved outcome. We found no neurological monitoring studies that assessed mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no broad evidence that any form of monitoring improves outcomes in the ICU and most commonly used devices have not been evaluated by RCT. This review puts into perspective the recent negative studies on the use of the pulmonary artery catheter in the acutely ill.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Gustavo A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ospina-Tascón
authors.forename: Ricardo L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Cordioli
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vincent
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D016638:Critical Illness; D003935:Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular / Q000295:instrumentation; D003943:Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome