title: Cognitive functions in stable schizophrenia & euthymic state of bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders persist after the subsidence of active symptoms. We carried out this study to assess and compare the cognitive functioning of patients with stable schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen each of stable maintained schizophrenic patients and euthymic bipolar-I patients attending outpatient clinic in a tertiary care psychiatric hospital in north India were included in the study as also equal number of age and education matched control subjects. Cognitive assessments were done using Wisconsin's Card Sorting Test (WCST), Spatial Working Memory Test (SWMT) and Continuous Performance Test (CPT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stable schizophrenia patients performed poorly on all the neurocognitive parameters as compared to both controls and bipolar euthymic patients. Euthymic bipolar patients showed significant difference on executive functions with normal controls. Patterns of cognitive disturbances in tasks of executive function are similar in both groups but are quantitatively more marked in schizophrenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that stable schizophrenia patients performed significantly worse on cognitive measures than patients of euthymic bipolar disorder which was consistent with their poorer functional outcome. The results further indicated that stable schizophrenia and euthymic bipolar disorders may be distinguished qualitatively in neuropsychological terms with different profiles of cognitive impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. jktrivedi@hotmail.com
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.forename: Dishanter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Rajul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tandon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology