title: The follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and undetectable thyroglobulin (Tg) and Tg antibodies during ablation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This retrospective study describes the role of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) in relation to tumor characteristics in the prediction of persistent/recurrent disease in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) with negative Tg at the time of ablation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1989 and 2006, 94 out of 346 (27%) patients with DTC had undetectable Tg at the time of 131I ablation and were included in this evaluation. The group of 94 patients consisted of 15 males and 79 females in the age range of 16-89 years with a median follow-up of 8 years (range 1-17). All medical records and follow-up parameters of the 94 patients were evaluated for the occurrence of persistent/recurrent disease. In patients with persistent/recurrent disease hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides of the primary tumors and/or metastatic lesions were also reviewed for histological features including immunostains for Tg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, 8 out of 94 (8.5%) patients showed persistent/recurrent disease: in the course of the disease two patients showed Tg positivity, three showed Tg antibody (TgAb) positivity, and the other three showed persistently undetectable Tg and TgAb. Patients who developed Tg and/or TgAb positivity during follow-up had a significantly shorter disease-free survival period when compared with patients with persistently undetectable Tg and TgAb (P<0.006). Histological features were not able to predict the recurrent status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Follow-up of Tg and TgAb in patients with initially negative Tg and TgAb is useful since a number of patients had shown detectable Tg or TgAb during follow-up indicative for persistent/recurrent disease. Tg and TgAb negativity at the time of ablation is not a predictive determinant for future recurrent status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. t.t.h.phan@ngmb.umcg.nl
authors.forename: Ha T T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Phan
authors.forename: Pieter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Jager
authors.forename: Jacqueline E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: van der Wal
authors.forename: Wim J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Sluiter
authors.forename: John T M
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Plukker
authors.forename: Rudi A J O
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dierckx
authors.forename: Bruce H R
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Wolffenbuttel
authors.forename: Thera P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Links
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; C006606:anti-thyroglobulin; D013954:Thyroglobulin