title: Effects of the anti-fouling herbicide Irgarol 1051 on two life stages of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio.
abstract: This study investigated lethal and sublethal effects (glutathione, lipid peroxidation, cholesterol, and acetylcholinesterase) of the anti-fouling herbicide Irgarol 1051 on larval and adult grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). The 96-hour LC50 test for larvae resulted in an estimated LC50 of 1.52 mg/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-1.85 mg/L). The adult 96-h LC50 was 2.46 mg/L (95% CI = 2.07-2.93 mg/L). Glutathione, lipid peroxidation, cholesterol and acetylcholinesterase levels were not significantly affected in adult grass shrimp by exposure of up to 3.00 mg/L irgarol. Lipid peroxidation and acetylcholinesterase levels in the larvae were significantly higher than controls in the highest irgarol exposures of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L, respectively. Cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in larvae in all four irgarol concentrations tested while glutathione levels were not significantly affected in larvae. Both lethal and sublethal effects associated with irgarol exposure were only observed at concentrations well above those reported in the environment.
authors.affiliation: National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC 29405, USA. pete.key@noaa.gov
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Key
authors.forename: Katy W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoguet
authors.forename: Yelena
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sapozhnikova
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Fulton
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D015415:Biomarkers; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D033541:Palaemonidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D014227:Triazines / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006540:Herbicides; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C103341:irgarol 1051; D002784:Cholesterol; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D005978:Glutathione