title: IgG oligosaccharide alterations are a novel diagnostic marker for disease activity and the clinical course of inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) share several immunologic similarities with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients with RA have significantly increased levels of serum agalactosyl immunoglobulin G (IgG). Our aim was to investigate the clinical significance of analyzing the oligosaccharide structure of serum IgG in patients with IBD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum IgG oligosaccharide structures were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography in 60 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 58 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 27 healthy volunteers (HV), and 15 disease controls (DC). The activity and mRNA level of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (Beta4GalT) in antibody-secreting cells were investigated in these subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The agalactosyl fraction of the fucosylated IgG oligosaccharides (G0F/G2F) in CD and UC was significantly greater than that in HV and DC (P < 0.001). The percentage of subjects with a high G0F/G2F in CD, UC, HV, and DC was 72%, 33%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. G0F/G2F, which is significantly correlated with disease severity in both CD and UC, had higher sensitivity to diagnose IBD compared with anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody. Moreover, G0F/G2F was significantly correlated with the prognosis of UC patients: patients with a high G0F/G2F did not maintain long-term remission. The activity and mRNA level of Beta4GalT were significantly elevated in UC but not in CD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  G0F/G2F is a potentially effective diagnostic marker of disease activity in both CD and UC, and of the clinical course in UC. A pathophysiologic difference between CD and UC was also demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shinzaki
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Egawa
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Takanobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kakiuchi
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasumaru
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanto
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsujii
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Tsunekazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizushima
authors.forename: Harumasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshihara
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C064155:agalactosyl IGG