title: A method for describing preschoolers' activity preferences.
abstract: We designed a series of analyses to develop a measurement system capable of simultaneously recording the free-play patterns of 20 children in a preschool classroom. Study 1 determined the intermittency with which the location and engagement of each child could be momentarily observed before the accuracy of the measurement was compromised. Results showed that intervals up to 120 s introduced less than 10% measurement error. Study 2 determined the extent of agreement between two observers who simultaneously collected data for 20 children using 30-, 60-, 90-, and 120-s momentary time sampling (MTS) intervals. The three larger intervals resulted in high levels of interobserver agreement (above 90%), whereas the 30-s interval resulted in unacceptably low levels of agreement (less than 80%). By allowing observers to select from among the different MTS intervals via a datasheet array and then collect data with the chosen system, Study 3 determined observers' preferences for the remaining MTS intervals. Both data collectors preferred the 90-s MTS procedure. The sensitivity of the 90-s MTS procedure, which was shown to be accurate, reliable, and preferred, was then demonstrated by its use to describe activity preferences of a classroom of children in Study 4. This system identified high- and low-preference activities for individual children and revealed interesting patterns of response allocation by the group.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Western New England College, 1215 Wilbraham Road, Springfield, Massachusetts 01119, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Cammilleri
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tiger
authors.forename: Einar T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Ingvarsson
mesh_terms: D002652:Child Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002755:Choice Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019370:Observation / Q000379:methods; D010988:Play and Playthings / Q000523:psychology*; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013997:Time Factors