title: United States validation of the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) is the first pulmonary hypertension-specific instrument for assessing patient-reported symptoms, functioning, and quality of life. To enable use in the United States, this study adapted, field-tested, and evaluated its reliability and validity at a single center in Chicago.
  
  
  METHODS
  A lay panel confirmed appropriate wording of CAMPHOR for United States patients, and 15 patients with pulmonary hypertension field-tested the CAMPHOR for face and content validity. A postal validation study, with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey as a comparator, was sent to patients on 2 occasions, 2 weeks apart. World Health Organization (WHO) functional class and 6-minute walk test data were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Field-test interviews found the CAMPHOR relevant and comprehensible. A total of 147 patients (84.0% women) with a mean of 50 +/- 14.6 years participated in the validation study. The new scales had good test-retest reliability (range, 0.80-0.95) and internal consistency (range, 0.78-0.95). The CAMPHOR scales correlated with the SF-36 and 6-minute walk test. Patients in WHO functional class III had worse scores than those in class II (p = 0.02), as did patients who rated their health worse (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The US CAMPHOR is a reliable and valid measure of quality of life and health status in pulmonary hypertension and can be recommended for use in clinical practice and trials in the United States.
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. mgomberg@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: Mardi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gomberg-Maitland
authors.forename: Thenappan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thenappan
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rizvi
authors.forename: Sonal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Meads
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: McKenna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States