title: Oxidative stress in primary glomerular diseases: a comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the status of oxidative stress in patients with different primary glomerular diseases (PGD) which have differential predisposition to renal failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three patients with PGD and 50 controls were enrolled in the study. They were sub-grouped into non-proliferative glomerulonephritis (NPGN) and proliferative glomerulonephritis (PGN). Levels of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI), plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), urine 8-isoprostane (8-IP), RBC thiols, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured spectrophotometrically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PGD patients showed a significant increase in MDA, RNI, tHcy, 8-IP levels (P < 0.05) and decreased SOD, total thiols and protein bound thiol levels as compared to controls (P < 0.05). Significantly higher levels of tHcy, MDA and 8-IP (P < 0.05) and lower SOD enzyme activity (P < 0.05) were observed in PGN group as compared to NPGN and control groups. These changes remained significant even after adjustment was made for creatinine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxidative stress in PGN is significantly higher than NPGN, indicating higher oxidative stress in these patients, independent of degree of renal dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Suchita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Markan
authors.forename: Harbir Singh
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kohli
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sud
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahuja
authors.forename: Tarunveer S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sakhuja
authors.forename: Madhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khullar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D006710:Homocysteine; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D015237:Dinoprost