title: Lymphoid enhancer factor 1-mediated Wnt signaling promotes the initiation of trophoblast lineage differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells.
abstract: Embryonic stem (ES) cells can differentiate into all three embryonic germ layers but rarely into trophectoderm (TE) lineages that contribute to the placenta, although TE differentiation can be initiated by genetic manipulation of key genes involved in TE development. We demonstrate that Wnt signaling can initiate TE lineage differentiation by triggering an appropriate cue, caudal-related homeobox 2 (Cdx2). Overexpression and RNA interference knockdown studies indicate that Cdx2 induction in response to Wnt3a is mediated by lymphoid enhancer factor 1, whose expression is regulated by leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and bone morphogenetic protein. Removal of LIF, along with addition of Wnt3a, stimulated Cdx2 expression and induced formation of trophoblast stem (TS) cells. These TS cells were able to differentiate into cells with characteristics of spongiotrophoblast and trophoblast giant cells. This is, to our knowledge, the first evidence that TE lineage differentiation can be induced by Wnt signaling in mouse ES cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Shuyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Disha
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pant
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schiffmacher
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meece
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Keefer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000071616:CDX2 Transcription Factor; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D060508:Wnt3 Protein; D060509:Wnt3A Protein
chemical_list: D000071616:CDX2 Transcription Factor; C487514:Cdx2 protein, mouse; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C497574:Lef1 protein, mouse; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D060508:Wnt3 Protein; D060509:Wnt3A Protein; C555511:Wnt3a protein, mouse