title: Evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors and bone mineral density in post menopausal women undergoing coronary angiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The underlying mechanism by which osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease may be linked is not fully understood. However studies mainly focused on the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and cardiovascular risk factors or atherosclerosis itself by only assessing the presence of vascular calcification. In this study we aimed to evaluate both cardiovascular risk factors, and presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in post-menopausal women patients with and without low BMD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study population consisted of post menopausal women who were scheduled to coronary angiography. Two hundred and twenty seven consecutive female patients were included in the study and evaluated for the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and CAD. Bone mineral density was measured in all patients either the day before or the day after coronary angiography. Low BMD was defined as T score<-1 and normal BMD was defined as T score > or = -1. For statistical analysis patients were divided into two groups: patients with low BMD and patients with normal BMD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were not statistically significant differences between two groups in respect to body mass index, presence of diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking status. Age and presence of CAD was found to be statistically different between two groups being higher in patients with low BMD. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age was positively and independently associated with low BMD in post menopausal female patients (Odds ratio=1.072 CI: 1.036-1.11, p=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age is found to be an independent predictor of decreased BMD in our study population recruited from the coronary angiography laboratory. However, neither cardiovascular risk factors, nor coronary artery disease itself has been found to be associated with low BMD.
authors.affiliation: Inonu University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, 44069 Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gulacan Ozgun
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Tekin
authors.forename: Ersoy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kekilli
authors.forename: Julide
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yagmur
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uckan
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yagmur
authors.forename: Yuksel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aksoy
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Turhan
authors.forename: Ertan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yetkin
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000592:standards*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors