title: Fasanella-Servat procedure: indications, efficacy, and complications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Fasanella-Servat procedure is used for the repair of mild to moderate ptosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of the Fasanella-Servat procedure for the repair of several forms of ptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors retrospectively reviewed 169 charts of 2 surgeons from 1988 to 1996. All patients had undergone a Fasanella-Servat procedure for ptosis. Patients with less than a 1-month follow-up were excluded, leaving 153 eyelids of 144 patients. Surgical success was defined as lid symmetry within 0.5 mm or correction of eyelid contour abnormality from previous surgery or trauma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ptosis was classified as involutional, occurring after intraocular surgery, congenital, due to Horner's syndrome present after levator surgery, and myogenic/other. With a mean follow-up of 7 months, success was achieved in 89.5% of cases (137/153). Among subgroups, success was highest at 100% in Horner's syndrome (8/8) and post-levator surgery (11/11), and lowest in congenital ptosis at 76.4% (13/18). Postoperative problems included dry eye symptoms (6/144 patients), contour abnormalities in 12 lids, and dermatochalasis in 10 lids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Fasanella-Servat operation is effective for mild to moderate ptosis from a variety of causes and for contour abnormality correction in patients with little or no ptosis. Despite the long-held belief that excision of the accessory lacrimal glands of Wolfring leads to dry eye symptoms, our study found this to be the exception. This procedure has the advantage of high reliability when reasonable preoperative criteria are applied and is minimally invasive.
authors.affiliation: McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Noelene K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Roger W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Newsom
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Oestreicher
authors.forename: Hans T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Harvey
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome