title: Risk of hand-foot skin reaction with sorafenib: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) is a dose-limiting toxicity associated with sorafenib, an oral multi-kinase inhibitor with clinical activity against solid tumors. This study was conducted to determine the risk of developing HFSR among patients receiving sorafenib.
  
  
  METHODS
  Databases from Pubmed, Web of Science, and abstracts presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meetings from 2004 through July, 2007 were searched to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies were prospective clinical trials using single agent sorafenib. The summary incidence rate and the relative risk (RR) were calculated using random-effects model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 4 883 patients in 11 trials with metastatic tumors were included for analysis. Among patients receiving sorafenib, the summary incidence of all-grade HFSR was 33.8% (95% CI: 24.5-44.7%) with significant difference between patients with RCC and non-RCC malignancy (RR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.32-1.75%, p<0.001). The incidence of high-grade HFSR was 8.9% (95% CI: 7.3-10.7%). In addition, sorafenib was associated with a significant increased risk of HFSR with RR of 6.6 (95% CI: 3.7 to 11.7, p<0.001) in comparison with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a significant risk of HFSR associated with sorafenib. Proper management and further study are recommended to reduce the risk.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Mario E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lacouture
authors.forename: Triantafillos
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fillos
authors.forename: Shenhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000209:etiology*; D005528:Foot; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000077157:Sorafenib
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib