title: Antinucleosome antibodies in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: a hint at systemic autoimmunity?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antinucleosome antibodies (anti-NCS) are reported to be highly sensitive and specific for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to correlate with disease activity. They may appear in early stages of the disease, in particular before anti-dsDNA antibodies, being a potential marker for identifying patients susceptible to SLE. Patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) may develop full-blown SLE but there is no evidence for markers predictive for that.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether anti-NCS may be predictors for full-blown or lupus like disease (LL) in a cohort of PAPS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicentric cohort of 105 PAPS patients was tested for IgG/IgM anti-NCS by using a home made assay with H1-stripped chromatin as antigen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-one out of 105 (77%) of the patients were positive for anti-NCS; medium-high titre results were present only in 49/105 (46%). Anti-NCS were more frequently detected in PAPS+LL, but no relationship with clinical/serological features was found, except for a weak correlation with anti-dsDNA antibodies. Two PAPS patients evolved into full-blown SLE during the follow-up and displayed high titre anti-NCS many years before.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that anti-NCS might be added to the mosaic of autoimmune phenomena characterizing PAPS patients and in particular those with more chance to evolve to SLE.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Andreoli
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pregnolato
authors.forename: Rufus W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Burlingame
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Allegri
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rizzini
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fanelli
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radice
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corace
authors.forename: Renato Alberto
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sinico
authors.forename: Pier Luigi
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Meroni
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tincani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015551:Autoimmunity; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D009707:Nucleosomes