title: Metastatic adenocarcinoma after augmentation gastrocystoplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Augmentation gastrocystoplasty has been proposed as an alternative to enterocystoplasty because of potential benefits, including decreased risk of mucus production, stone formation and urinary tract infections. Although cancer has rarely been reported in this patient population, it is a well recognized potential risk of all augmentation cystoplasties. To define better the risk of malignancy associated with gastric augmentation and the appropriate surveillance protocol for these patients, we describe our experience in 2 patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma following gastrocystoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients who had undergone augmentation gastrocystoplasty between 1990 and 1994. Of the 72 patients identified 2 were diagnosed with a primary malignancy arising from the augmented bladder. Charts were reviewed for medical history, clinical outcomes and pathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients were identified with a primary bladder malignancy after gastrocystoplasty. Both patients had metastatic disease at initial presentation. Neither patient had a history of gross hematuria, recurrent urinary tract infections or pain before initial presentation. Mean patient age at augmentation was 5.5 years. Mean age at diagnosis of malignancy was 19.5 years, with a mean time from augmentation of 14 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the risk of bladder cancer is low after gastric augmentation, the effects may be life threatening. Therefore, we advocate routine annual surveillance with cystoscopy, bladder biopsy and upper tract imaging in all patients who have undergone augmentation gastrocystoplasty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine and Division of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA. vijaya.vemulakonda@seattlechildrens.org
authors.forename: Vijaya M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Vemulakonda
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Lendvay
authors.forename: Margarett
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shnorhavorian
authors.forename: Byron D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Joyner
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Grady
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013270:Stomach / Q000601:surgery; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*