Treatment outcomes for radiotherapy alone are comparable with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy in early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) on the treatment of early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) as compared with radiotherapy (RT) alone.


METHODS
We analyzed retrospectively the outcome of 60 previously untreated and histologically confirmed early-stage NPC patients treated with either RT alone or with neoadjuvant CT followed by RT (CT/RT) at the Seoul National University Hospital between 1986 and 2004. Neoadjuvant CT consisted of three cycles with 5-fluourouracil and cisplatin. RT was given to the nasopharynx and neck nodes. The median dose to the primary site, involved nodes, and elective nodes was 70.2 Gy, 63 Gy, and 45 Gy, respectively. According to the 1997 American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, 9 patients had stage I or IIA disease, and 22 patients had stage IIB disease in the RT group. For the CT/RT group, 8 patients had stage I or IIA disease, and 21 patients had stage IIB disease. The median follow-up for all patients was 124.5 (range, 5-239) months.


RESULTS
The 5-year locoregional failure-free (LRFF), distant metastasis-free (DMF), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) rate was 84%, 93%, 81%, and 84% for the RT group and 77%, 86%, 71%, and 79% for the CT/RT group, respectively. There were no significant differences in LRFF (P = .728), DMF (P = .433), DFS (P = .562), and OS (P = .625) rates between the RT and CT/RT groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that delaying RT for more than 81 days was significantly associated with an increased risk of locoregional failure in the subgroup of patients with stage IIB disease (P = .044).


CONCLUSIONS
In our retrospective analysis, the use of neoadjuvant CT showed no additional benefit to treatment with RT alone. Neoadjuvant CT may cause deleterious effect on stage IIB disease by delaying RT.
Song
Chang Hoon
CH
Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Wu
Hong-Gyun
HG
Heo
Dae Seog
DS
Kim
Kwang Hyun
KH
Sung
Myung-Whun
MW
Park
Charn Il
CI
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002648:Child; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil