title: Pulmonary edema prognostic score predicts in-hospital mortality risk in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congestive heart failure is a common cardiac disorder associated with a high mortality. There are a limited number of prognostic scales predicting in-hospital outcomes after an acute episode of congestive heart failure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this investigation was to develop a simple prognostic score predicting in-hospital outcome in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively studied 276 consecutive patients hospitalized with acute pulmonary edema from the years 1998 to 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the initial hospitalization, 58 patients (21%) died and 218 patients (79%) were discharged. Statistical analyses revealed that the most significant predictors of inhospital mortality were acute myocardial infarction, heart rate greater than 115/beats/min, systolic blood pressure of 130 mm Hg or less, and white blood cell count greater than 11,500/mm3 on presentation. The presence of each factor was scored as 1 point, and the absence was scored as 0 points. The Pulmonary Edema Prognostic Score (PEPS) was defined as a sum of all points. Patients with a PEPS of 0 had good short-term prognosis with a 2% in-hospital mortality rate, whereas mortality in patients with a PEPS of 4 was 64%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PEPS is a simple tool that can be easily calculated using common clinical diagnostic tests (electrocardiogram, blood pressure, heart rate, and white cell count) to determine in-hospital mortality risk in patients with an acute episode of cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Jonscher Hospital, Milionowa 14, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiutowski
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Waszyrowski
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krzemińska-Pakula
authors.forename: Jaroslaw D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kasprzak
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003971:Diastole; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000401:mortality*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D013599:Systole; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left