title: Complications after orthopedic surgery in alpacas and llamas: 24 cases (2000-2006).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report complications associated with orthopedic surgery in alpacas and llamas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alpacas (n=18) and llamas (n=6) that orthopedic surgery using internal or external fixation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records (January 2000-December 2006) and radiographs were reviewed and owners contacted for follow-up information for alpacas and llamas that had orthopedic surgery involving internal or external fixation. Fourteen camelids had internal fixation, 7 had external fixation, and 3 had a combination of internal and external fixation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two animals (92%) were discharged after surgery (mean hospitalization, 15 days). Of 20 animals with >or=1 year follow-up information, 18 were alive (82%). Postoperative complications related to fracture healing, infection, soft tissue structures, or joints occurred in 21 camelids (87%). Thirteen animals returned to their intended use, 4 animals returned to breeding but not their intended use, 4 were euthanatized, and 3 were only able to be used as pets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fixation type (internal, external) did not have any significant effect on complications involving fracture healing, infection, soft tissue structures, or chronic lameness. Camelids with open fractures were more likely to have complications associated with fracture healing, repair, and infection than closed fractures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complications after orthopedic surgery in alpacas and llamas are more common than previously reported and may result in chronic lameness or prevent return to their intended use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. stacy.semevolos@oregonstate.edu
authors.forename: Stacy A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Semevolos
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Jill E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Shannon K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Reed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002161:Camelids, New World / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D016267:External Fixators / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology; D005596:Fractures, Closed / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D005597:Fractures, Open / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000662:veterinary; D016896:Treatment Outcome