title: Photochemical treatment of plasma with amotosalen and UVA light: process validation in three European blood centers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A photochemical treatment (PCT) process has been developed to inactivate pathogens and white blood cells (WBCs) in therapeutic plasma. Process validation studies were performed in three European blood centers under routine operating conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each center prepared 30 apheresis and 30 to 36 whole blood-derived plasma units for PCT. Each whole blood-derived plasma unit contained a mixture of two to three matched donations. After removal of pretreatment control samples (control fresh-frozen plasma [C-FFP]), 546 to 635 mL of plasma was treated with 15 mL of 6 mmol per L amotosalen, 3 J per cm(2) UVA treatment, and removal of residual amotosalen with a compound adsorption device. After processing, plasma samples (PCT-FFP) were withdrawn, frozen at -60 degrees C within 8 hours of collection, and assayed for coagulation factors and residual amotosalen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 186 units of plasma were processed. The mean prothrombin time (12.2 +/- 0.6 sec) and activated partial thromboplastin time (32.1 +/- 3.2 sec) of PCT-FFP were slightly prolonged compared to C-FFP. Fibrinogen and Factor (F)VIII were most sensitive to PCT (26% mean reduction). PCT-FFP, however, retained sufficient levels of fibrinogen (217 +/- 43 mg/dL) and FVIII (97 +/- 29 IU/dL) for therapeutic plasma. Mean levels of FII, FV, FVII, F IX, FX, FXI, and FXIII in PCT-FFP were comparable to C-FFP (81%-97% retention of activity). Antithrombotic proteins were not significantly affected by PCT with retention ranging between 83 and 97 percent. Mean residual amotosalen levels were 0.6 +/- 0.1 micromol per L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Process validation studies in three European centers demonstrated retention of coagulation factors in PCT-FFP within the required European and respective national standards for therapeutic plasma.
authors.affiliation: University of Lübeck, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schlenke
authors.forename: Tor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hervig
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Isola
authors.forename: Marie-Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wiesel
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kientz
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pinkoski
authors.forename: Yasmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Lily
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corash
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cazenave
mesh_terms: D001777:Blood Coagulation; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000379:methods; D005060:Europe; D011564:Furocoumarins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D010777:Photochemistry / Q000379:methods; D010949:Plasma / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D011564:Furocoumarins; C118577:amotosalen