title: Immunohistochemical analysis of VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 system and lymphatic vessel extent in normal and adenomatous human pituitary tissues.
abstract: The angiogenic growth factor Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C (VEGF-C) and its receptor VEGFR-3 are also known to be implicated in the development of lymphatic vessels. We assessed the expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3, together with blood and lymphatic vessel extents and proliferation index (PI) values, by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 6 normal human pituitary glands and 53 pituitary adenomas of different tumour grade, on consecutive tissue sections. VEGF-C was detected in around 10% of the endocrine cells in normal pituitary tissue, while this gland was devoid of lymphatic vascularization and showed very few vessels positive for VEGFR-3. Concerning tumour tissue, most of the adenomas showing VEGF-C immunoreactivity (21/47) were positive in 60% of the tumour cells and the ones positive for VEGFR-3 showed a number of immunostained vessels higher than those observed in the normal pituitary. Most of the tumours positive for VEGFR-3 did not show any LYVE-1 positive vessels (18/53), suggesting that at least in these cases, VEGFR-3 is expressed on blood vessels. Nevertheless, we observed a significant association between low expression of VEGFR-3 and low lymphatic vessel number, suggesting that VEGFR-3 might be involved in the starting of DE NOVO lymphangiogenesis in this tumour type. Moreover, tumours bearing lymphatic vessels showed the tendency to shift towards a more aggressive behaviour (high tumour grade and high PI). In conclusion, the VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 system might be involved in controlling tumour angiogenesis in the pituitary adenomas lacking lymphatic vessels, but may also play a role in starting the process of tumour lymphangiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Neuroendocrinology Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany. onofri@mpipsykl.mpg.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Onofri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Losa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uhl
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Stalla
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Renner
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000378:metabolism*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012016:Reference Values; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / Q000378:metabolism*; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2