title: Adverse parenting as a risk factor in the occurrence of anxiety disorders : a study in six European countries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to test the homogeneity of the association between adverse parenting and anxiety disorders within these disorders as well as among six European countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on data from 8,232 respondents (part II sample) originating from the European study of the epidemiology of mental disorders (ESEMeD), we examined the association between three dimensions of parental rearing (care, overprotection, authoritarianism) measured by a short form of the parental bonding instrument (PBI) and anxiety disorders by computing one logistic regression model per disorder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A similar pattern of recalled parenting behaviour across the four anxiety disorders assessed was found, with care and overprotection having the strongest associations. There were only minor country-specific variations of this pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest an association between adverse parenting and the risk of anxiety disorders in particular as well as psychiatric disorders in general that is rather non-disorder specific.
authors.affiliation: Health Economics Research Unit, Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 20, 04317 Leipzig, Germany. heidd@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heider
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matschinger
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bernert
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Traolach S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Brugha
authors.forename: Ronny
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bruffaerts
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Girolamo
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: Matthias C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Angermeyer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D002648:Child; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires