title: Influence of anatomical factors on the feasibility and safety of carotid stenting in a series of 154 consecutive procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study assessed the impact of unfavourable vascular anatomy on the feasibility and safety of carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2000 and 2005, 154 CAS procedures (46% in symptomatics) were performed in 138 consecutive patients (mean age 72 +/- 7 years, 63% males), followed for a median period of 16 months by a neurologist performing clinical and duplex scan examination. The impact on outcome of tortuous supra-aortic vessels, tortuous internal carotid artery (ICA), calcified stenosis and contralateral ICA occlusion were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The feasibility was 100%. The 1-month rate of death and disabling stroke was 2.6% (1.2% in the asymptomatic group and 4.2% in symptomatic group, P = 0.33). The 1-month rate of any stroke and death was 4.5%. During follow-up, a further seven events occurred (one ipsilateral major stroke, one ipsilateral minor stroke and five deaths). There was no difference in occurrence of any event during follow-up between asymptomatic and symptomatic group (8.4% versus 9.6%, P = 0.78). At least one unfavourable vascular anatomy condition was present in 48% of cases, two conditions in 16% and three in 3%. No statistically significant association was found between unfavourable vascular anatomy and outcome. Intra-stent restenosis was registered by duplex scan in five cases (3.2%); it was associated with occurrence of minor stroke during follow-up (P = 0.032).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAS as first choice procedure is feasible, safe and effective, despite hostile vascular anatomy may be encountered in some patients. Unfavourable anatomic conditions appear to have a scarce impact on outcome.
authors.affiliation: Servizio di Emodinamica, Istituto Clinico Città di Brescia, Via Gualla 15, 25100 Brescia, Italy. antoniosilvestro@libero.it
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silvestro
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Civelli
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laffranchini
authors.forename: Biagio
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Troianiello
authors.forename: Lanfroi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Graziani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D015897:Comorbidity; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D015607:Stents; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology