title: Alterations in AP-1 and AP-1 regulatory genes during HPV-induced carcinogenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies demonstrated a functional involvement of the AP-1 transcription factor in HPV-induced cervical carcinogenesis. Here, we aimed to obtain further insight in expression alterations of AP-1 family members during HPV-mediated transformation and their relationship to potential regulatory (Notch1, Net) and target (CADM1) genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  mRNA expression levels of c-Jun, JunB, junD, c-Fos, FosB, Fra-1, Fra-2, Notch1, Net and CADM1 were determined by quantitative RT-PCR in primary keratinocytes (n=5), early (n=4) and late (n=4) passages of non-tumorigenic HPV-immortalized keratinocytes and in tumorigenic cervical cancer cell lines (n=7). In a subset of cell lines protein expression and AP-1 complex composition was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Starting in immortal stages c-Fos, Fra-2 and JunB expression became up regulated towards tumorigenicity, whereas Fra-1, c-Jun, Notch1, Net and CADM1 became down regulated. The onset of deregulated expression varied amongst the AP-1 members and was not directly related to altered Notch1, Net or CADM1 expression. Nevertheless, a shift in AP-1 complex composition from Fra-1/c-Jun to c-Fos/c-Jun heterodimers was only observed in tumorigenic cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV-mediated transformation is associated with altered AP-1, Notch1, Net and CADM1 transcription. Whereas the onset of deregulated expression of various AP-1 family members became already manifest during the immortal state, a shift in AP-1 complex composition appeared a rather late event associated with tumorigenicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Unit of Molecular Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jillian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Wilde
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De-Castro Arce
authors.forename: Peter J F
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Snijders
authors.forename: Chris J L M
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rösl
authors.forename: Renske D M
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Steenbergen
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1