title: Thermal ablation therapeutics based on CN(x) multi-walled nanotubes.
abstract: We demonstrate that nitrogen doped, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CN(x)-MWNT) result in photo-ablative destruction of kidney cancer cells when excited by near infrared (NIR) irradiation. Further, we show that effective heat transduction and cellular cytotoxicity depends on nanotube length: effective NIR coupling occurs at nanotube lengths that exceed half the wavelength of the stimulating radiation, as predicted in classical antenna theory. We also demonstrate that this radiation heats the nanotubes through induction processes, resulting in significant heat transfer to surrounding media and cell killing at extraordinarily small radiation doses. This cell death was attributed directly to photothermal effect generated within the culture, since neither the infrared irradiation itself nor the CN(x)-MWNT were toxic to the cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27109-7507, USA.
authors.forename: Suzy V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Torti
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Orla
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Whelan
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ucer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Torti
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akman
authors.forename: Jiwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Pulickel M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ajayan
authors.forename: Omkaram
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nalamasu
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D007259:Infrared Rays / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon