title: Biomechanical analysis of suture anchors and suture materials in the canine femur.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Biomechanical analysis of acute load to failure (ALF) of 3 veterinary and 1 human suture anchor and cyclic load to failure with two suture material/suture anchor constructs in canine femoral condyles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biomechanical in vitro study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cadaveric femora from 20-30 kg dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three veterinary and 1 human suture anchor were placed in the cranial and caudal aspects of the femoral condyle and subjected to 0 degrees ALF. Anchors were loaded with 5 USP Fiberwire or 27 kg test nylon leader line (NLL) and subjected to 90 degrees cyclic testing for 10,000 cycles followed by ALF at 90 degrees.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference in ALF for any anchor type was detected in the cranial aspect of the femoral condyle; however all veterinary anchors had higher ALF in the caudal aspect of the femoral condyle. In cyclic testing, the constructs in descending order (most cycles to least) were: (1) FlexiTwist/NLL, (2) Securos/Fiberwire, Securos/NLL, (3) IMEX/Fiberwire, IMEX/NLL, and (4) FlexiTwist/Fiberwire, Fastin/Fiberwire. Fiberwire was significantly stronger than NLL in post-cycling ALF testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Veterinary anchors had higher ALF in the caudal versus cranial aspect of the femoral condyle. Except for the FlexiTwist in which NLL performed better, Fiberwire and NLL both had similar cyclic performance with each veterinary anchor type. The veterinary anchors exceeded the human anchor in ALF and cycles to failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tested veterinary suture anchors with Fiberwire or NLL may be used in the femoral condyle, preferably in the caudal aspect, and should withstand estimated loading conditions in appropriately confined postoperative canine patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.forename: Demir
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coker
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rochat
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Payton
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Subramarian
authors.forename: Kenneth E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Bartels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001864:Bone Wires; D002102:Cadaver; D004285:Dogs; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery*; D053441:Suture Anchors / Q000662:veterinary*; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000662:veterinary*; D013537:Sutures / Q000662:veterinary*