title: Risk factors for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a case-control study in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To carry out a hospital-based case-control study to investigate risk factors for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 312 ICC cases and 438 matched controls were included in the study. The presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hepatolithiasis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, liver fluke infection (Clonorchis sinensis), was investigated through clinical records. Blood from all participants was tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, ICC patients had a higher prevalence of HBsAg seropositivity (48.4% vs 9.6%, P<0.000), and hepatolithiasis (5.4% vs 1.1%, P=0.001). By multivariate analysis, the significant risk factors for development of ICC were HBsAg seropositivity (adjusted OR, 8.876, 95% CI, 5.973-13.192), and hepatolithiasis (adjusted OR, 5.765, 95% CI, 1.972-16.851). The prevalence of anti-HCV seropositivity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption were not significantly different between cases and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that HBV infection and hepatolithiasis are strong risk factors for development of ICC in China.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreato-Vascular Surgery, The First Xiamen Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China. zhouyms@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Yan-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Zheng-Feng
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Jia-Mei
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wen-Yu
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yu-Lan
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dian-Qi
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019353:Endemic Diseases / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors