title: Long-term botulinum toxin dose consistency for treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Botulinum toxin (BTX) injection is currently the primary and most common treatment for adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD). A variety of injection strategies and dosage regimens have been described. This study reports on our experience with the dosage schedule and dosing consistency of BTX for the treatment of ADSD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed our laryngeal BTX database for the period 1991 to 2005. Our strict inclusion requirements limited our selection to 13 patients who had received a minimum of 6 injections (average, 11.5; range, 6 to 19) of BTX for ADSD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average total dose of BTX to the larynx for each treatment episode was 3.9 units (range, 1.5 to 7.5). The total dose administered tended to trend downward among patients who began treatment from 1991 to 1998, indicating that the initial dose (usually 2.5 units per side) may have been high. Those patients who began from 1999 onward had a more stable dose, indicating that the initial dose (usually 1.5 units per side) was more suitable. The subjects underwent an average of 2.2 injections (range, 1 to 5) before reaching their optimal BTX dose. The total number of treatments performed in this group of patients was 150, of which 145 were successful (96.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BTX dose for the optimal treatment of ADSD usually remains consistent over time, as does the treatment interval. An initial dose of 1.5 units per side or less appears to improve dosing stability, indicating that the initial dosing of 2.5 units per side in our study was often greater than required. The optimal BTX dose was usually ascertained by the second or third injection. In our patient population, the long-term dosing consistency of BTX confirmed that neither tachyphylaxis nor increasing sensitivity to BTX occurred during the course of treatment for ADSD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California 92868, USA.
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Vokes
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Till
authors.forename: Roger L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Crumley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D007830:Larynx; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014833:Voice Quality / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A