title: How to lower risk of developing diabetes and its complications: recommendations for the patient.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this article is to help dental patients learn more about diabetes, including its prevention and treatment. Clinicians can use the article to help patients understand their risks of developing diabetes and diabetes-associated complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors reviewed information regarding diabetes and oral health available through Medline (from January 1995 through March 2003) and the web sites or offices (as of April 2003) of the American Diabetes Association, National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Special emphasis was placed on locating informational resources appropriate for patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetes is diagnosed in more than 1 million Americans each year. The disease can be associated with serious complications and premature death. However, diabetes often can be prevented or delayed; if it does develop, it can be treated and controlled. Patients with diabetes are at greater risk of developing other illnesses, including problems in the oral cavity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dentists can educate patients about the risk factors for the disease and measures that can be taken to prevent its onset. For patients diagnosed with diabetes, controlling diabetes-associated complications is essential to effectively managing the condition. Thus, dentists can provide an important service to their patients with diabetes by educating them about the importance of proper oral hygiene, avoiding tobacco use, receiving regular professional care and other key lifestyle goals for helping manage the disease.
authors.affiliation: Health Policy, Analysis and Development Branch, Division of Population and Health Promotion Sciences, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-6401, USA. robert.selwitz@NIH.gov
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Selwitz
authors.forename: Bruce L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Pihlstrom
mesh_terms: D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000145:classification; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose