title: High prevalence of cardiovascular risk in patients with toxic oil syndrome: a comparative study using the general Spanish population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to compare current prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) between a cohort of patients affected by the toxic oil syndrome (TOS) epidemic, which occurred in Spain in 1981, and the unaffected Spanish population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case-referent study covering 1276 TOS cases and a referent population of 2843 (aged 35-65 years) using data collected from 1996 to 2003. Study variables were high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, dyslipemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Smoking habit, alcohol intake, family and personal history of ischemic heart disease, as well as a personal history of cerebrovascular disease were also assessed in TOS patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the general population, TOS patients registered a threefold rise in prevalence of diabetes, a 2.57-fold increase in hypertension, a 1.38-fold increase in total hypercholesterolemia, a 1.20-fold increase in hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia, and a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (35% versus 25%). Nevertheless, the prevalence of hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia was significantly lower in those affected by TOS. No differences were found for other CRFs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to the general population, cases display a much higher prevalence of all major CRFs. However, an increase in HDL-cholesterol protective factor is in evidence for the first time.
authors.affiliation: Toxic Oil Syndrome Research Unit, Rare Diseases Research Institute, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
authors.forename: María Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: García de Aguinaga
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Posada de la Paz
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Estirado de Cabo
authors.forename: María del Mar
authors.initials: Mdel M
authors.lastname: Plaza Cano
authors.forename: Carmen Suárez
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Beatriz Braun
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Saro
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abaitua Borda
authors.forename: Rafael Gabriel
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Barbado Hernández
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000506:poisoning*; D011041:Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil