title: Young drivers--reduced crash risk with passengers in the vehicle.
abstract: Studies have shown that the effect of passengers on accident propensity among young drivers is ambiguous--in some cases positive and some negative. In Sweden, various kinds of information are compiled in registers, including a national accident database and exposure data collected in a national investigation of the driving habits of license holders. Access to such data offers a good opportunity to study crash risks related to driving with and without passengers. This was done for drivers in three different age groups (18-24, 25-64 and >65 years) accompanied by one, two or three or more passengers. Differences in crash risk were estimated using incidence density ratios (IDRs) and 95% confidence intervals. The results show that passengers had an overall protective effect, that is, the crash risk was higher for those who drove alone, regardless of their age or gender. This protective effect increased with every extra passenger (up to eight), indicating that the more passengers in the vehicle, the safer the driving. The influence of passengers was weakest (albeit still positive) among the youngest drivers (ages 18-24 years), especially the males in that group. The protective impact showed the same pattern on all days of the week, but was most marked from Friday to Sunday for most of the drivers, regardless of age.
authors.affiliation: Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden. inger.engstrom@vti.se
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Engström
authors.forename: Nils Petter
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Gregersen
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Granström
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nyberg
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010379:Peer Group; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013548:Sweden