Progesterone receptor isoform functions in normal breast development and breast cancer.
Progesterone acting through two isoforms of the progesterone receptor (PR), PRA and PRB, regulates proliferation and differentiation in the normal mammary gland in mouse, rat, and human. Progesterone and PR have also been implicated in the etiology and pathogenesis of human breast cancer. The focus of this review is recent advances in understanding the role of the PR isoform-specific functions in the normal breast and in breast cancer. Also discussed is information obtained from rodent studies and their relevance to our understanding of the role of progestins in breast cancer etiology.
Kariagina
Anastasia
A
Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Aupperlee
Mark D
MD
Haslam
Sandra Z
SZ
D000818:Animals; D001940:Breast / Q000254:growth & development*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050756:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000254:growth & development; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000254:growth & development; D051379:Mice; D010766:Phosphorylation; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D050756:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D019938:Cyclin D1