title: Estrogen receptors alpha and beta and the risk of open-angle glaucoma: the Rotterdam Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and beta (ESR2) genes were a risk factor for open-angle glaucoma (OAG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants 55 years and older from the population-based Rotterdam Study underwent, at baseline and at follow-up, the same ophthalmic examination, including visual field screening and stereo optic disc photography. A diagnosis of OAG was based on an algorithm using optic disc measures and visual field loss. Haplotypes of the ESR1 and ESR2 genes were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We diagnosed incident OAG in 87 of 3842 participants (2.3%) at risk after a mean follow-up of 6.5 years. We could not detect any association with ESR1 haplotypes. Haplotype 1 of ESR2 showed a 3.6-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.4-9.2) higher risk of incident OAG in men. In women, no association was found between ESR2 and incident OAG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polymorphisms in the ESR1 gene are unrelated to OAG, but ESR2 polymorphisms seem to lead to increased risk of OAG in men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Voogd
authors.forename: Roger C W
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wolfs
authors.forename: Nomdo M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Jansonius
authors.forename: André G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Uitterlinden
authors.forename: Huibert A P
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pols
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: Paulus T V M
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: de Jong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D014794:Visual Fields
chemical_list: C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta