title: The dopaminergic projection system, basal forebrain macrosystems, and conditioned stimuli.
abstract: This review begins with a description of some problems that recently have beset an influential circuit model of fear conditioning and goes on to look at neuroanatomy that may subserve conditioning viewed in a broader perspective, including not only fear but also appetitive conditioning. The column will then focus on basal forebrain functional-anatomical systems, or macrosystems, as they have come to be called. Yet, more specific attention is then given to the relationships of the dorsal and ventral striatopallidal systems and extended amygdala with the dopaminergic mesotelencephalic projection systems, culminating with the hypothesis that all macrosystems contribute to behavioral conditioning.
authors.affiliation: Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, St Louis, MO 63104, USA. zahmds@slu.edu
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Zahm
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trimble
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000502:physiology*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000502:physiology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology*; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000503:physiopathology; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D012686:Septal Nuclei / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine