title: Inhibition of histone deacetylase down-regulates the expression of hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor by rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of FK228 on the in vitro expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs), and on the in vivo expression of VEGF and angiogenesis in the synovial tissue of mice with collagen-antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA).
  
  
  METHODS
  RASFs were stimulated with IL-1beta and TNFalpha and then incubated under hypoxia (1 % O(2)) with various concentrations of FK228. The effects of FK228 on the expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF mRNA were examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Changes in HIF-1alpha protein expression and the secretion of VEGF protein into the culture medium were examined by Western blot analysis and ELISA, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out to investigate the expression and distribution of VEGF in synovial tissues of CAIA mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cytokine-stimulated expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF mRNA was inhibited by FK228 in a dose-dependent manner. FK228 also reduced the expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF protein. Intravenous administration of FK228 (2.5 mg/kg) suppressed VEGF expression, and also blocked angiogenesis in the synovial tissue of CAIA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FK228 may exhibit a therapeutic effect on RA by inhibition of angiogenesis through down-regulation of angiogenesis related factors, HIF-1alpha and VEGF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Manabe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nasu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komiyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furumatsu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ninomiya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asahara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishida
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D047630:Depsipeptides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C087123:romidepsin