title: Video-assisted thoracic surgery major lung resection can be safely taught to trainees.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) major lung resection for lung cancer has been an important part of thoracic surgical training program in our institution. In this study, we compared the results of VATS major lung resection performed by surgical trainees with those performed by experienced thoracic surgeons with specialist interest in VATS.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2002 to October 2006, the clinical data of 111 consecutive patients scheduled for VATS major lung resection were prospectively entered into the computerized clinical management system of the local health authority; these include patient demographics, comorbidity, operating time, postoperative complications, and outcome. We retrospectively compared the data of patients who were operated on by trainees with those who were operated on by experienced VATS surgeons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and eleven patients with clinical stage I and II lung cancer underwent VATS major lung resection. Fifty-one (46%) of the procedures were performed by consultant surgeons and 60 VATS lung resections (54%) were performed by supervised trainees. Patients' demography and risk factors were comparable between the two groups. Trainees spent more time in performing the operation as compared with experienced VATS surgeons (mean operating time 162 minutes, p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in intraoperative or postoperative complications and outcomes between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Video-assisted thoracic surgery major lung resection for early stage nonsmall-cell lung cancer can be taught to residents who work under the supervision of experienced VATS surgeons. Video-assisted thoracic surgery major lung resection for lung cancer should be an integral part of thoracic surgical training program.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Innes Y P
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Kin Hoi
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Thung
authors.forename: Michael K Y
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hsin
authors.forename: Malcolm J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Underwood
authors.forename: Anthony P C
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Yim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002983:Clinical Competence; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D011336:Probability; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015996:Survival Rate; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome