title: Improving physical quality of life with group physical activity in the adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to compare the change in quality of life over 32 weeks in depressed women assuming antidepressant drug with (experimental group) or without (control group) physical exercise from a study which results on objective dimension of outcome were already published.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trial with randomized naturalistic control. Patients selected from the clinical activity registries of a Psychiatric University Unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  female, between 40 and 60 years, diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorders (MMD, DSM-IV TR) resistant to ongoing treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  diagnosis of psychotic disorders; any contraindications to physical activity. 30 patients (71.4% of the eligible) participated to the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 randomized patients undergoing pharmacological treatment plus physical activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 patients undergoing only pharmacological therapy. Quality of life was measured by means of WHOQOL-Bref.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients that made physical activity had their WHOQOL-Bref physical score improved from T0 to T8, the differences was statistically significant. In the control group WHOQOL-Bref physical remains the same and, consequentially, the difference between T0 and T8 do not reach any statistical significance.The perceived quality of life in the other domains did not change during the treatment in both groups. Thus no other differences were found between and within groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data presented in the previous paper found that physical activity seems a good adjunctive treatment in the long term management of patients with MDD. These new data indicated that physical activity may also improve the perceived physical quality of life. The dimensions related with social functioning, environment and psychical well being seem do not improved, unexpectedly, during the trial. Two objective dimension not strictly related to the depressive symptoms improved: social functioning and Clinical Global Impression, this discrepancy with a subjective and objective dimension of the well being may supported the Goldberg point of view that subjective quality of life in bipolar and unipolar severe depression patients may not accurately reflect objective functional outcome status, potentially due to diminished insight, demoralization, or altered life expectations over time. It may be that physical activity improve the self perception of physical well being. The physical domains of WHOQOL-Bref inquiry about conditions as sleep, pain, energy, body satisfaction that seems frequently problematic also in remission due to the pharmacotherapy and may be risk factor for relapse/recurrence. Thus physical therapy seems to determinate improvement in depressive aspects not frequently responsive to the drug treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy and University Center for Research and Clinical Practice in Mental Health, University of Cagliari (Cagliari) and ASL 7 Iglesias (Iglesias), Italy. mgcarta@tiscali.it.
authors.forename: Mauro Giovanni
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Carta
authors.forename: Maria Carolina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hardoy
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pilu
authors.forename: Manlio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sorba
authors.forename: Anna Laura
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Floris
authors.forename: Francesca Ada
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Mannu
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cappai
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velluti
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salvi