title: Quality of life and treatment satisfaction in adults with Type 1 diabetes: a comparison between continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and multiple daily injections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this case-control study was to compare quality of life (QoL) and treatment satisfaction in adults with Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) treated with either continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or multiple daily injections (MDI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients aged between 18 and 55 years, and attending diabetes clinics for a routine visit, completed the Diabetes-Specific Quality-of-Life Scale (DSQOLS), the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) and the SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36). Case (CSII) and control subjects (MDI) were recruited in a 1 : 2 ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 1341 individuals were enrolled by 62 diabetes clinics; 481 were cases and 860 control subjects. Cases had a longer diabetes duration and were more likely to have eye and renal complications. Age, school education, occupation and HbA(1c) were similar. Of control subjects, 90% followed glargine-based MDI regimens and 10% used NPH-based MDI regimens. On multivariate analysis, after adjusting for socioeconomic and clinical characteristics, scores in the following areas of the DSQOLS were higher in cases than control subjects: diet restrictions (beta = 5.96; P < 0.0001), daily hassles (beta = 3.57; P = 0.01) and fears about hypoglycaemia (beta = 3.88; P = 0.006). Treatment with CSII was also associated with a markedly higher DTSQ score (beta = 4.13; P < 0.0001) compared with MDI. Results were similar when CSII was compared separately with glargine- or NPH-based MDI regimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This large, non-randomized, case-control study suggests quality of life gains deriving from greater lifestyle flexibility, less fear of hypoglycaemia, and higher treatment satisfaction, when CSII is compared with either glargine-based or NPH-based MDI regimens.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicolucci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maione
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franciosi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amoretti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Busetto
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Capani
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bruttomesso
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Di Bartolo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Girelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leonetti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morviducci
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ponzi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vitacolonna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D000069036:Insulin Glargine