title: Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in the iNOS production and cytokine secretion by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium porins.
abstract: The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a critical factor in both physiological and pathological functions. The present study examined the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the regulation of iNOS and proinflammatory cytokine production in RAW 264.7 cells in response to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium porins. By use of Western blotting for iNOS detection and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantization of cytokine secretion, selective pharmacological inhibitors of MAPK pathways were tested for dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying the mediation of these signaling in porins-stimulated murine macrophages. S. enterica serovar Typhimurium porins activated iNOS expression, NO production and interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release. Treatment of cells with SB203580 and SP600125 (inhibitors of p38 and JNK, respectively) significantly affected porin-stimulated iNOS and NO production. Concomitant decrease in the proinflammatory cytokine secretion was detected. These data confirm the importance of the MAPKs cascade in macrophage activation by bacterial product opening up new strategies for therapy of septic shock.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Second University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy. mteresa.vitiello@unina2.it
authors.forename: Mariateresa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vitiello
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Isanto
authors.forename: Emiliana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Finamore
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ciarcia
authors.forename: Aikaterini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kampanaraki
authors.forename: Marilena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galdiero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000873:Anthracenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D018272:Porins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D016207:Cytokines; D007093:Imidazoles; D018272:Porins; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; C432165:pyrazolanthrone; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C093642:SB 203580