title: Elevated gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and perturbed thiol profile are associated with features of metabolic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prospective cohort studies have revealed that plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity exhibits a positive association with coronary artery disease. GGT which is equally elevated in metabolic syndrome (MS), is the major regulator of circulating concentrations of thiol compounds derived from glutathione (GSH) cleavage, ie, cysteine and cysteinyl glycine. We compared the circulating thiol profile in a cohort of patients displaying atherogenic dyslipidemia with and without MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This cross-sectional study involved 1131 dyslipidemic patients in primary prevention of whom 26% presented with MS. GGT activity and plasma cysteinyl-glycine and cysteine concentrations were higher in MS patients; by contrast, levels of GSH were significantly lower (P<10 to 4 for all comparisons versus patients without MS). We compared patient groups on the basis of the number of MS criteria which were concomitantly present. A progressive decrease in glutathione levels in contrast to a progressive increase in both cysteinyl-glycine and cysteine levels, and GGT activity, was observed as a function of the number of MS components in the overall population (P for trend <10(-6)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dyslipidemic patients exhibiting MS are characterized by elevated GGT activity which is associated with perturbed metabolism of thiol compounds.
authors.affiliation: Unités de Prévention Cardiovasculaire, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France. philippe.giral@psl.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giral
authors.forename: Nelly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dourmap
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hansel
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrié
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bruckert
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Girerd
authors.forename: M John
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chapman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase