title: Growth and volatile compound production by Brettanomyces/Dekkera bruxellensis in red wine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Brettanomyces/Dekkera bruxellensis is a particularly troublesome wine spoilage yeast. This work was aimed at characterizing its behaviour in terms of growth and volatile compound production in red wine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sterile red wines were inoculated with 5 x 10(3) viable cells ml(-1) of three B. bruxellensis strains and growth and volatile phenol production were followed for 1 month by means of plate counts and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) respectively. Maximum population levels generally attained 10(6)-10(7) colony forming units (CFU) ml(-1) and volatile phenol concentrations ranged from 500 to 4000 microg l(-1). Brettanomyces bruxellensis multiplication was also accompanied by the production of organic acids (from C(2) to C(10)), short chain acid ethyl-esters and the 'mousy off-flavour' component 2-acetyl-tetrahydropyridine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different kinds of 'Brett character' characterized by distinct metabolic and sensory profiles can arise in wine depending on the contaminating strain, wine pH and sugar content and the winemaking stage at which contamination occurs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified new chemical markers that indicate wine defects caused by B. bruxellensis. Further insight was provided into the role of some environmental conditions in promoting wine spoilage.
authors.affiliation: UMR 1219 Oenologie, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, INRA, ISVV, Talence, France. andrea.romano76@gmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Perello
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Revel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lonvaud-Funel
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D005285:Fermentation; D005516:Food Microbiology; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D011725:Pyridines / Q000032:analysis; D027843:Vitis / Q000382:microbiology; D014835:Volatilization; D014920:Wine; D015003:Yeasts / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C514147:2-acetyltetrahydopyridine; D015415:Biomarkers; D010636:Phenols; D011725:Pyridines