Electromagnetic interventions in musculoskeletal disorders.
Electromagnetic interventions in general and those considering the musculoskeletal system in particular hold many obscurities. Several studies revealing positive effects of electromagnetic fields oppose those showing no beneficial effects. After a historical review and a discussion of basic details on electromagnetic signals, this article provides information on the effects of electromagnetic fields on a cellular level and gives an account of preclinical and clinical studies focused on electromagnetic interventions by means of weak pulsed electromagnetic fields on musculoskeletal disorders.
Bachl
Norbert
N
Department of Sports and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sports Science, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6a, A-1150 Vienna, Austria. norbert.bachl@univie.ac.at
Ruoff
Gerhard
G
Wessner
Barbara
B
Tschan
Harald
H
D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D017102:Fracture Healing; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D008833:Microcirculation; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology; D059408:Pain Management