title: Reaction time inhibition from subliminal cues: is it related to inhibition of return?
abstract: Task-irrelevant visual cues with near zero visibility proved apt to retard reaction time for the detection of supraliminal visual targets presented at the cued location. The time course of the effect was similar to that of the so-called inhibition-of return (IOR), which is assumed to be due to the withdrawal of attention from the inhibited location. However the present subliminal cues consistently failed to induce an RT facilitation prior to the RT inhibition, contrary to what would be expected if the cue were able to attract attention to the cued location. Since the RT inhibition from subliminal cues could not be attributed to the withdrawal of attention from the cued location, it can be argued that such cues acted both outside of consciousness and without the influence of attention. Therefore, the RT inhibitory effect seems best accounted for by an automatic, unconscious and attention-independent self-inhibition of response tendencies instructed by irrelevant information, akin to that postulated by (Eimer, M., & Schlaghecken, F. (1998). Effects of masked stimuli on motor activation: behavioural and electrophysiological evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception and Performance, 24, 1737-1747.) to explain the negative compatibility effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological and Visual Sciences, Physiology Section, University of Verona, 8 Strada Le Grazie, 37134 Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mele
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Savazzi
authors.forename: Carlo A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Marzi
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berlucchi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D010470:Perceptual Masking / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C107235:CU 23; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007211:Indoles