title: Relation between stress-induced myocardial perfusion defects on cardiovascular magnetic resonance and coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with cardiac syndrome X.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a direct relation can be demonstrated between myocardial perfusion defects detected during dobutamine stress test (DST) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and impairment of coronary microvascular dilatory function in patients with cardiac syndrome X (CSX).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Despite the fact that coronary microvascular dysfunction has been shown in most patients with CSX, the ischemic origin of CSX remains debated. No previous study assessed whether a strict relation exists between abnormalities in myocardial perfusion and coronary microvascular dysfunction in CSX patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen CSX patients (mean age 58 +/- 7 years, 7 men) and 10 healthy control subjects (mean age 54 +/- 8 years, 4 men) underwent myocardial perfusion study by gadolinium-enhanced CMR at rest and at peak DST (maximal dose 40 microg/kg/min). Coronary flow response (CFR) to adenosine (140 microg/kg/min in 90 s) in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was assessed by high-resolution transthoracic echo-Doppler and expressed as the ratio between coronary flow velocity at peak adenosine and at rest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At peak DST, reversible perfusion defects on CMR were found in 10 CSX patients (56%) but in none of the control subjects (p = 0.004). The CFR to adenosine in the LAD coronary artery was lower in CSX patients than in control subjects (2.03 +/- 0.63 vs. 3.29 +/- 1.0, p = 0.0004). The CSX patients with DST-induced myocardial perfusion defects in the LAD territory on CMR had a lower CFR to adenosine compared with those without perfusion defects in the LAD territory (1.69 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.31 +/- 0.6, p = 0.01). A significant correlation was found in CSX patients between CFR to adenosine and a DST perfusion defect score on CMR in the LAD territory (r = -0.45, p = 0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data concurrently show DST-induced myocardial perfusion defects on CMR and reduced CFR in the LAD coronary artery territory in CSX patients, thus giving strong evidence that a dysfunction of coronary microcirculation resulting in myocardial perfusion abnormalities is present in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Cardiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. g.a.lanza@inwind.it
authors.forename: Gaetano A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Lanza
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buffon
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sestito
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Natale
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Sgueglia
authors.forename: Leda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galiuto
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Infusino
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Centola
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crea
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D025401:Echocardiography, Stress; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D017566:Microvascular Angina / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D000241:Adenosine