title: Richard von Volkmann: surgeon and Renaissance man.
abstract: Richard von Volkmann (1830-1889), one of the most important surgeons of the 19(th) century, is regarded as one of the fathers of orthopaedic surgery. He was a contemporary of Langenbeck, Esmarch, Lister, Billroth, Kocher, and Trendelenburg. He was head of the Department of Surgery at the University of Halle, Germany (1867-1889). His popularity attracted doctors and patients from all over the world. He was the lead physician for the German military during two wars. From this experience, he compared the mortality of civilian and war injuries and investigated the general poor hygienic conditions in civilian hospitals. This led him to introduce the "antiseptic technique" to Germany that was developed by Lister. His powers of observation and creativity led him to findings and achievements that to this day bear his name: Volkmann's contracture and the Hueter-Volkmann law. Additionally, he was a gifted writer; he published not only scientific literature but also books of children's fairy tales and poems under the pen name of Richard Leander, assuring him a permanent place in the world of literature as well as orthopaedics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Military Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Willy
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Engelhardt
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hargens
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mubarak
mesh_terms: D000985:Antisepsis / Q000266:history*; D005858:Germany; D049672:History, 19th Century; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000266:history*; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000266:history*