title: HIF-1alpha regulates epithelial inflammation by cell autonomous NFkappaB activation and paracrine stromal remodeling.
abstract: Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a master regulatory transcription factor controlling multiple cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous processes, such as metabolism, angiogenesis, matrix invasion, and cancer metastasis. Here we used a new line of transgenic mice with constitutive gain of HIF-1 function in basal keratinocytes and demonstrated a signaling pathway from HIF-1 to nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) activation to enhanced epithelial chemokine and cytokine elaboration. This pathway was responsible for a phenotypically silent accumulation of stromal inflammatory cells and a marked inflammatory hypersensitivity to a single 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) challenge. HIF-1-induced NFkappaB activation was composed of 2 elements, IkappaB hyperphosphorylation and phosphorylation of Ser276 on p65, enhancing p65 nuclear localization and transcriptional activity, respectively. NFkappaB transcriptional targets macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2/CXCL2/3), keratinocyte chemokine (KC/CXCL1), and tumor necrosis factor [alfa] (TNFalpha) were constitutively up-regulated and further increased after TPA challenge both in cultured keratinocytes and in transgenic mice. Whole animal KC, MIP-2, or TNFalpha immunodepletion each abrogated TPA-induced inflammation, whereas blockade of either VEGF or placenta growth factor (PlGF) signaling did not affect transgenic inflammatory hyper-responsiveness. Thus, epithelial HIF-1 gain of function remodels the local environment by cell-autonomous NFkappaB-mediated chemokine and cytokine secretion, which may be another mechanism by which HIF-1 facilitates either inflammatory diseases or malignant progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA.
authors.forename: Marzia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scortegagna
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cataisson
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hicklin
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: Stuart H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yuspa
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Arbeit
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D019899:Paracrine Communication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000633:toxicity; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D016207:Cytokines; C497443:Hif1a protein, mouse; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate