title: Genotype-specific genomic markers associated with primary hepatomas, based on complete genomic sequencing of hepatitis B virus.
abstract: We aimed to identify genomic markers in hepatitis B virus (HBV) that are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development by comparing the complete genomic sequences of HBVs among patients with HCC and those without. One hundred patients with HBV-related HCC and 100 age-matched HBV-infected non-HCC patients (controls) were studied. HBV DNA from serum was directly sequenced to study the whole viral genome. Data mining and rule learning were employed to develop diagnostic algorithms. An independent cohort of 132 cases (43 HCC and 89 non-HCC) was used to validate the accuracy of these algorithms. Among the 100 cases of HCC, 37 had genotype B (all subgenotype Ba) and 63 had genotype C (16 subgenotype Ce and 47 subgenotype Cs) HBV infection. In the control group, 51 had genotype B and 49 had genotype C (10 subgenotype Ce and 39 subgenotype Cs) HBV infection. Genomic algorithms associated with HCC were derived based on genotype/subgenotype-specific mutations. In genotype B HBV, mutations C1165T, A1762T and G1764A, T2712C/A/G, and A/T2525C were associated with HCC. HCC-related mutations T31C, T53C, and A1499G were associated with HBV subgenotype Ce, and mutations G1613A, G1899A, T2170C/G, and T2441C were associated with HBV subgenotype Cs. Amino acid changes caused by these mutations were found in the X, envelope, and precore/core regions in association with HBV genotype B, Ce, and Cs, respectively. In conclusion, infections with different genotypes of HBV (B, Ce, and Cs) carry different genomic markers for HCC at different parts of the HBV genome. Different HBV genotypes may have different virologic mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, 9/F Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, NT, Shatin, Hong Kong. hlychan@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Joseph J Y
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Stephen K W
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.forename: Chi-Hang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: Eddie Y T
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Kwong-Sak
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Kin-Hong
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tony S K
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Mok
authors.forename: Angeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bartholomeusz
authors.forename: Thomas C C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Au
authors.forename: Kelvin K F
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Tsoi
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Locarnini
authors.forename: Henry L Y
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010802:Phylogeny; D017354:Point Mutation; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014764:Viral Proteins