Oral diseases associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Part 1. sialadenitis and salivary glands lymphoma.
Morbidity associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is due not only to the sequelae of chronic liver disease, but also to a variety of extraheaptic manifestations (EHM). Some of the most frequently reported EHM of HCV infection involves the oral region predominantly or exclusively and they are the topics of this 2-part review. The current part 1 discusses the evidences on the association of salivary glands disorders with HCV. HCV- infected patients may frequently have histological signs of Sjögren-like sialadenitis with mild or even absent clinical symptoms. However, the pathogenetic role of HCV in Sjogren Syndrome (SS) development and the characteristics distinguishing classic SS from HCV-related sialadenitis are still an issue. It is unclear if the virus may cause a disease mimicking primary SS or if HCV is directly responsible for the development of SS in a specific subset of patients. Notably, some patients may present a triple association between HCV, SS-like sialadenitis and salivary gland lymphoma and the virus may be involved in the lymphomagenesis. The risk of having a salivary gland lymphoma is particularly high in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia. Little attention has been paid to the effects of anti-HCV treatment on sialadenitis or lymphoma development.
Carrozzo
M
M
Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. marco.carrozzo@ncl.ac.uk
D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D012793:Sialadenitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology
D012367:RNA, Viral