title: Onychomycosis: a new emerging infectious disease in childhood population and adolescents. Report on treatment experience with terbinafine and itraconazole in 36 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Onychomycosis is a rare disease in children with an estimated prevalence ranging from 0% to 2.6%. Thus far, only limited experience with itraconazole and terbinafine treatment in children with onychomycosis is available in the literature.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of treatment experience with itraconazole or terbinafine in childhood onychomycosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six children and adolescents (aged 4-17 years, 18 males and 18 females) with clinical and mycologically proven onychomycosis were enrolled in the present study. METHODS AND OUTCOME: In 27 of 36 patients, the causative agent (Trichophyton rubrum in 26 cases and Trichophyton interdigitale in one patient) could be identified by means of cultivation. Nineteen patients were treated with itraconazole 200 mg once daily for 12 weeks, and 17 patients were treated with terbinafine for 12 weeks in a dosage according to their body weight, respectively. Clinical cure was achieved within 1 to 5 months after discontinuation in all patients treated with itraconazole and in all but two patients after cessation of terbinafine treatment. Neither in the itraconazole nor in the terbinafine group were serious adverse events reported. Clinical cure was achieved within 1 to 5 months after discontinuation in all patients treated with itraconazole and in all but two patients after cessation of terbinafine treatment. Neither in the itraconazole nor in the terbinafine group were serious adverse events reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our experience, a mycological and clinical cure appears in children in a shorter time after treatment discontinuation (average 2-5 months) compared with adults. Itraconazole and terbinafine seem to be safe and effective in childhood onychomycosis; therefore, these antifungals seem to be potential alternatives to griseofulvin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. gabriele.ginter@meduni-graz.at
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ginter-Hanselmayer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smolle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005533:Foot Dermatoses / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014009:Onychomycosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000077291:Terbinafine; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009281:Naphthalenes; D017964:Itraconazole; D000077291:Terbinafine