title: Restoration of female genital vasocongestive arousal responses in young and aged rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatments of aged, male hypertensive rats that induce vascular remodeling or that normalize endothelial function are known to produce sustained improvements in erectile function. Whether the treatments targeting these processes benefit female genital vasocongestive arousal (GVA) responses is currently not known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the actions of nitric oxide (NO) are critical to the apomorphine (APO)-generated GVA responses in both intact and ovariectomized OVX young adult female rats (before any aging-associated decreases in the responses). In addition, we also investigated whether the diminished GVA responses in aged rats could be restored, at least in part, using an antihypertensive treatment, which is known to enhance erectile responses and improve general vascular function in male rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  In female Wistar rats, APO-induced GVA responses (80 microg/kg, subcutaneously [sc], 30 minutes) were assessed by videomonitoring following various treatments. Young adult females were ovariectomized or were treated with the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (30 mg/kg, iv), followed by an NO mimetic, sodium nitroprusside (10 microg/kg/minute, intravenous). Aged females (18 months) were treated for 2 weeks with the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, enalapril (30 mg/kg/day, orally) plus low sodium (0.04%).
  
  
  METHODS
  APO-induced GVA responses in female rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an age-associated reduction in sexual responses in normotensive rats that was greatly enhanced (fourfold) by brief, aggressive antihypertensive treatment. The enhanced vasocongestive responses persisted for a 5-week off-treatment. Both OVX and NOS inhibition significantly decreased sexual responses by approximately 80% in young female rats. Systemic administration of an NO mimetic recovered vasocongestive responses in the NOS-blocked rats, but not in OVX animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although mechanisms were not established, the major findings were that brief aggressive ACE inhibitor treatment markedly improved sexual responses in aged female rats, and systemic delivery of an NO mimetic recovered sexual responses in globally NOS-blocked animals.
authors.affiliation: Queen's University-Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Rochard K S
authors.initials: RKS
authors.lastname: Beharry
authors.affiliation: University of Montreal- Department of Pharmacology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Taben M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.affiliation: Queen's University-Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jeremy P W
authors.initials: JPW
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.affiliation: Queen's University-Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada;; Department of Andrology, Sexology and STDs, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Rany
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shamloul
authors.affiliation: Queen's University-Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada;. Electronic address: michael.adams@queensu.ca.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester