title: Intrathecal levels of IL-6, IL-11 and LIF in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
abstract: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-11 and leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) were evaluated in 43 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 24 patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) as compared with 30 agematched controls (CON), and correlated with clinical and demographic data and with CSF biomarkers amyloid beta (A beta)42, total tau and tau phosphorylated at position 181 (P-tau). CSF IL-11 mean levels were significantly increased in AD and FTLD as compared with CON (6.5 +/- 4.6 and 6.6 +/- 5.1 versus 3.1 +/- 3.3 pg/ml, P = 0.009). IL-6 mean levels did not differ between patients and CON (P > 0.05),whereas LIF levels were not detectable in patients or in CON. In AD patients, a significantly positive correlation between MMSE scores and IL-11 CSF concentration was observed (r = 0.344, P = 0.028). No correlations with CSF A beta 42, total tau and P-tau were found. IL-11, but not IL-6 levels are increased in AD and FTLD, and the highest peaks were observed in patients with a less severe degree of cognitive deterioration, therefore suggesting a role of this cytokine in early phases of neurodegeneration.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Neurological Sciences, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy. daniela.galimberti@unimi.it
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Galimberti
authors.forename: Eliana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Venturelli
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fenoglio
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Guidi
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bergamaschini
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cortini
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scalabrini
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vergani
authors.forename: Nereo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bresolin
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scarpini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D003704:Dementia / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000032:analysis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000032:analysis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D017370:Interleukin-11; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007378:Interleukins; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D016875:tau Proteins