title: External beam boost for cancer of the cervix uteri when intracavitary therapy cannot be performed.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the outcome of patients treated with radical radiotherapy for cervical cancer who received an external beam boost, in place of intracavitary brachytherapy (ICT), after irradiation to the whole pelvis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case notes were reviewed for all patients treated in this way in a single center between 1996 and 2004. Patient and tumor details, the reasons why ICT was not possible, and treatment outcome were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-four patients were identified. The mean age was 56.4 years (range, 26-88 years). Clinical International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics or radiologic stage for Stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively, was 16%, 48%, 27%, and 7%. A total radiation dose of 54-70 Gy was given (75% received > or =60 Gy). Reasons for ICT not being performed were technical limitations in 73%, comorbidity or isolation limitations in 23%, and patient choice in 4%. The median follow-up was 2.3 years. Recurrent disease was seen in 48%, with a median time to recurrence of 2.3 years. Central recurrence was seen in 16 of the 21 patients with recurrent disease. The 5-year overall survival rate was 49.3%. The 3-year cancer-specific survival rate by stage was 100%, 70%, and 42% for Stages I, II, and III, respectively. Late Grades 1 and 2 bowel, bladder, and vaginal toxicity were seen in 41%. Late Grade 3 toxicity was seen in 2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An external beam boost is a reasonable option after external beam radiotherapy to the pelvis when it is not possible to perform ICT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Oncology, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK. lisahelenbone@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Lisa Helen
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Barraclough
authors.forename: Ric
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Swindell
authors.forename: Jacqueline E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Livsey
authors.forename: Robin D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Davidson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001918:Brachytherapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*