title: The effects of periodontal treatment on diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases are common chronic diseases in the United States. Periodontal infection may adversely affect glycemic control in people with diabetes. This article reviews the evidence regarding how treatment of periodontal diseases affects glycemic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  The review consisted of a MEDLINE literature search to identify primary research reports on the relationship between periodontal therapy and changes in glycemic control. The review identified three randomized clinical trials and nine nonrandomized clinical follow-up studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The strength, quantity and breadth of evidence are varied, precluding clear-cut guidance for determining whether treating periodontal infection has a beneficial effect on glycemic control. Despite the variation and limitations in the literature, evidence supports the concept that periodontal diseases can contribute to poorer glycemic control in people with diabetes. Although the evidence is not unequivocal, it provides sufficient support for additional investigations of the effect of preventing and treating periodontal infections on managing glycemic control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sufficient evidence exists to incorporate oral examinations and periodontal care in management regimens for people with diabetes. It is prudent to assess patients' glycemic control status and communicate the importance of referring patients with diabetes for thorough oral health evaluations and necessary care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, The University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor 48109-1078, USA. gwt@umich.edu
authors.forename: George W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012534:Dental Scaling; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000628:therapy; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006031:Glycosylation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha