title: [(11)C]choline uptake with PET/CT for the initial diagnosis of prostate cancer: relation to PSA levels, tumour stage and anti-androgenic therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The accuracy of positron emission tomography (PET)/CT with [(11)C]choline for the detection of prostate cancer is not well established. We assessed the dependence of [(11)C]choline maximum standardized uptake values (SUV(max)) in the prostate gland on cell malignancy, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, Gleason score, tumour stage and anti-androgenic hormonal therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study, PET/CT with [(11)C]choline was performed in 19 prostate cancer patients who subsequently underwent prostatectomy with histologic sextant analysis (group A) and in six prostate cancer patients before and after anti-androgenic hormonal therapy (bicalutamide 150 mg/day; median treatment of 4 months; group B).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group A, based on a sextant analysis with a [(11)C]choline SUV(max) cutoff of 2.5 (as derived from a receiver-operating characteristic analysis), PET/CT showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 72, 43, 64, 51 and 60%, respectively. In the patient-by-patient analysis, no significant correlation was detected between SUV(max) and PSA levels, Gleason score or pathological stage. On the contrary, a significant (P < 0.05) negative correlation was detected between SUV(max) and anti-androgenic therapy both in univariate (r (2) = 0.24) and multivariate (r (2) = 0.48) analyses. Prostate [(11)C]choline uptake after bicalutamide therapy significantly (P < 0.05) decreased compared to baseline (6.4 +/- 4.6 and 11.8 +/- 5.3, respectively; group B).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PET/CT with [(11)C]choline is not suitable for the initial diagnosis and local staging of prostate cancer. PET/CT with [(11)C]choline could be used to monitor the response to anti-androgenic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Bioimaging, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giovacchini
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Picchio
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Coradeschi
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Scattoni
authors.forename: Valentino
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bettinardi
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cozzarini
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freschi
authors.forename: Ferruccio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fazio
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Messa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002794:Choline / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D002794:Choline