title: Genotoxic potential of glyphosate formulations: mode-of-action investigations.
abstract: A broad array of in vitro and in vivo assays has consistently demonstrated that glyphosate and glyphosate-containing herbicide formulations (GCHF) are not genotoxic. Occasionally, however, related and contradictory data are reported, including findings of mouse liver and kidney DNA adducts and damage following intraperitoneal (ip) injection. Mode-of-action investigations were therefore undertaken to determine the significance of these contradictory data while concurrently comparing results from ip and oral exposures. Exposure by ip injection indeed produced marked hepatic and renal toxicity, but oral administration did not. The results suggest that ip injection of GCHF may induce secondary effects mediated by local toxicity rather than genotoxicity. Furthermore, these results continue to support the conclusion that glyphosate and GCHF are not genotoxic under exposure conditions that are relevant to animals and humans.
authors.affiliation: Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, USA.
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Heydens
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Healy
authors.forename: Kathy J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Hotz
authors.forename: Larry D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Kier
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martens
authors.forename: Alan G E
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Donna R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Farmer
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens; D018736:DNA Adducts; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D011897:Random Allocation; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012449:Safety; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D018736:DNA Adducts; D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D000097797:Glyphosate