title: Aeromonas-Acanthamoeba interaction and early shift to a viable but nonculturable state of Aeromonas by Acanthamoeba.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the hypothesis that amoeba may comprise a significant environmental reservoir for Aeromonas, Acanthamoeba-Aeromonas interaction experiments were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acanthamoeba were grown in monoculture and co-cultures with three different species of Aeromonas. Survival, invasion and viable but nonculturable state experiments were performed. We showed that at a low initial bacterial cell density, growth of Aeromonas spp. was inhibited by Acanthamoeba castellanii, while A. castellanii growth was unaffected. In contrast, a high initial bacterial cell density, Aeromonas hydrophila AEW44 and Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria AEW104 suppressed the growth of A. castellanii. Fluorescent and phase-contrast microscopic observations of GFP tagged Aer. hydrophila AEW44 demonstrated that the bacterial cells aggregated on A. castellanii cells after 15 min of incubation and internalized. Aeromonas hydrophila AEW44 cells were found to be actively moving. Interestingly, Aer. hydrophila AEW44 cells shifted more rapidly to a viable but nonculturable form when co-cultured with A. castellanii than in monoculture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that Aeromonas spp. are able to interact with and to infect the protozoan A. castellanii under laboratory conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Free-living amoeba might play a role as reservoir for Aeromonas, and thus may increase the transmission of Aeromonas by acting as a vehicle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. mokhlasur.rahman@sh.se
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abd
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Romling
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sandstrom
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Möllby
mesh_terms: D000048:Acanthamoeba / Q000382:microbiology*; D000333:Aeromonas / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000635:transmission; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000635:transmission; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D014871:Water Microbiology