title: Bioavailability of pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside and its metabolites in humans following the ingestion of strawberries with and without cream.
abstract: Plasma and urine were collected over a 24 h period after the consumption by humans of 200 g of strawberries, containing 222 micromol of pelargonidin-3- O-glucoside, with and without cream. The main metabolite, a pelargonidin- O-glucuronide, reached a peak plasma concentration ( C max) of 274 +/- 24 nmol/L after 1.1 +/- 0.4 h ( t max) when only strawberries were ingested. When the strawberries were eaten with cream, the C max was not statistically different but the t max at 2.4 +/- 0.5 h was delayed significantly ( p < 0.001). The pelargonidin- O-glucuronide, along with smaller quantities of other metabolites, was also excreted in urine in quantities corresponding to ca. 1% of anthocyanin intake. The quantities excreted over the 0-24 h collection period were not influenced significantly by cream. However, the 0-2 h excretion of anthocyanin metabolites was significantly lower when the strawberries were eaten with cream, whereas the reverse occurred during with the 5-8 h excretion period. In keeping with these observations, measurement of plasma paracetamol and breath hydrogen revealed that cream delayed gastric emptying and extended mouth to cecum transit time.
authors.affiliation: Plant Products and Human Nutrition Group, Graham Kerr Building, Division of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serafini
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crozier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D001682:Biological Availability; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D031985:Fragaria / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D020719:Glucuronides; C078485:pelargonidin-3-glucoside