title: Presence and subcellular localizations of surfactant proteins A and D in human spermatozoa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the presence of surfactant protein-A (SP-A); molecular weight 34 kDa and surfactant protein-D (SP-D); and molecular weight 43 kDa in human spermatozoa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, research study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two universities in Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semen specimens (n = 10) were obtained from normozoospermic donors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human sperm were exposed to an anti-human SP-A polyclonal antibody, and monoclonal antibody, to human SP-D protein.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence of SP-A and SP-D proteins in human beings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Indirect immunofluorescence assays of human sperm indicated the presence of SP-A in the mid piece, the tail, and sometimes at the equatorial region of spermatozoa. A brilliant green light detected SP-D in the tails and acrosome of some sperm. The anti-SP-A antibody detected a single band corresponding to the molecular weight values of 34 kDa in spermatozoa, whereas no band was observed in the negative control. The anti-SP-D antibody showed the expected band at 43 kDa in spermatozoa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report and a novel finding of the presence of surfactant glycoproteins on human spermatozoa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Burdur, Turkey. okankavi@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kankavi
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ata
authors.forename: Ciler
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Celik-Ozenci
authors.forename: Leyla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sati
authors.forename: Mehmet Akif
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ciftcioglu
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baykara
mesh_terms: D000177:Acrosome / Q000737:chemistry; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D037662:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A / Q000032:analysis*; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D / Q000032:analysis*; D032961:Sperm Midpiece / Q000737:chemistry; D013082:Sperm Tail / Q000737:chemistry; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D037662:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D