title: An independent dose calculation algorithm for MLC-based radiotherapy including the spatial dependence of MLC transmission.
abstract: An analytical dose calculation algorithm was developed and commissioned to calculate dose delivered with both static and dynamic multileaf collimator (MLC) in a homogenous phantom. The algorithm is general; however, it was designed specifically to accurately model dose for large and complex IMRT fields. For such fields the delivered dose may have a considerable contribution from MLC transmission, which is dependent upon spatial considerations. Specifically, the algorithm models different MLC effects, such as interleaf transmission, the tongue-and-groove effect, rounded leaf ends, MLC scatter, beam hardening and divergence of the beam, which results in a gradual MLC transmission fall-off with increasing off-axis distance. The calculated dose distributions were compared to measured dose using different methods (film, ionization chamber array, single ionization chamber), and the differences among the treatment planning system, the measurements and the developed algorithm were analysed for static MLC and dynamic IMRT fields. It was found that the calculated dose from the developed algorithm agrees very well with the measurements (mostly within 1.5%) and that a constant value for MLC transmission is insufficient to accurately predict dose for large targets and complex IMRT plans with many monitor units.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Mannheim Medical Centre, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Friedlieb
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nalichowski
authors.forename: Florin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rosca
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Killoran
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wenz
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zygmanski
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation