Gut hormones as potential new targets for appetite regulation and the treatment of obesity.
Food intake and bodyweight are tightly regulated by the brainstem, hypothalamus and reward circuits. These centres integrate diverse cognitive inputs with humoral and neuronal signals of nutritional status. Our knowledge of the role of gut hormones in this complex homeostatic system has expanded enormously in recent years. This review discusses both the role of gut hormones in appetite regulation, and the current state of development of gut hormone-based obesity therapies, with a particular focus on pancreatic polypeptide, peptide YY, amylin, glucagon-like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin, cholecystokinin and ghrelin. Several gut hormone-based treatments for obesity are under investigation in phase II and III clinical trials, and many more are in the pipeline.
Field
Benjamin C T
BC
Department of Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK.
Wren
Alison M
AM
Cooke
Dunstan
D
Bloom
Stephen R
SR
D000818:Animals; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D054440:Receptors, Ghrelin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D054440:Receptors, Ghrelin; C042807:DPP4 protein, human; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4