title: Perceived social support and coping responses are independent variables explaining pain adjustment among chronic pain patients.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to test a hypothetical model of the relationships between perceived social support, coping responses to pain, pain intensity, depressed mood, and functional disability (functional status and functional impairment) in a population of patients with chronic pain in a Spanish Clinical Pain Unit. It was postulated that social support and pain coping responses both independently influence reported pain intensity, depressed mood, and functional disability. Analyses were performed by Structural Equation Modelling. The results indicated that satisfaction with social support is significantly associated with a depressed mood and pain intensity, but not with functional disability. Although this effect is independent of the use of active coping responses by patients, there is a modest but significant relationship between social support and passive coping strategies, indicating that higher levels of perceived social support are related to less passive pain coping strategies. The findings underscore the potential importance of psychosocial factors in adjustment to chronic pain and provide support for a biopsychosocial model of pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This article tested a hypothetical model of the relationships between social support, pain coping, and chronic pain adjustment by using Structural Equation Modelling. The results indicate that perceived social support and pain coping are independent predictors of chronic pain adjustment, providing support for a biopsychosocial model of pain.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain. aelm@uma.es
authors.forename: Alicia E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: López-Martínez
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Esteve-Zarazaga
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Maestre
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D018710:Pain Clinics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012803:Sick Role; D012944:Social Support; D013030:Spain