title: Vitamin D receptor gene haplotypes and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in injection drug users.
abstract: Vitamin D receptor (VDR) participates in multiple immune functions. Here, we determined whether VDR gene-sequence variations are associated with intersubject differences in the risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. We assessed this in 460 males exposed to HIV-1 by injection drug use (335 infected and 125 uninfected) and 124 seronegative healthy subjects. Multilocus logistic regression analysis revealed haplotypes for rs11568820, rs4516035, rs10735810, rs1544410, and rs17878969 polymorphisms showing association with protection to HIV-1 infection (odds ratio, 0.4 [95% confidence interval, 0.22-0.72]; P = .0025), which remained significant after correction for multiple testing. We infer that VDR haplotypes might influence the risk of HIV-1 acquisition.
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics Unit, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel Sánchez
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: de la Torre
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nieto
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vergara
authors.forename: Antonio José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Carrero
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Macías
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pineda
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caruz
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fibla
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000635:transmission; D004247:DNA / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D015497:HIV-1; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D004247:DNA