title: Fish-oil supplementation in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A recent Cochrane meta-analysis did not confirm the benefits of fish and fish oil in the secondary prevention of cardiac death and myocardial infarction. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that examined the effect of fish-oil supplementation on ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia to determine the overall effect and to assess whether heterogeneity exists between trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL) from inception to May 2007. We included randomized controlled trials of fish-oil supplementation on ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. The primary outcome was implantable cardioverter defibrillator discharge. We calculated relative risk [RR] for outcomes at 1-year follow-up for each study. We used the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects methods when there was significant heterogeneity between trials and the Mantel-Hanzel fixed-effects method when heterogeneity was negligible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 3 trials of 1-2 years' duration. These trials included a total of 573 patients who received fish oil and 575 patients who received a control. Meta-analysis of data collected at 1 year showed no overall effect of fish oil on the relative risk of implantable cardioverter defibrillator discharge. There was significant heterogeneity between trials. The second largest study showed a significant benefit of fish oil (relative risk [RR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56-0.98). The smallest showed an adverse tendency at 1 year (RR 1.23, 95% CI 0.92-1.65) and significantly worse outcome at 2 years among patients with ventricular tachycardia at study entry (log rank p = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that there is heterogeneity in the response of patients to fish-oil supplementation. Caution should be used when prescribing fish-oil supplementation for patients with ventricular tachycardia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont. cyril.kendall@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: David J A
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Andrea R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Josse
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beyene
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dorian
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Burr
authors.forename: Roxanne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: LaBelle
authors.forename: Cyril W C
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cunnane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003643:Death; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000517:prevention & control; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015996:Survival Rate; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005395:Fish Oils