title: Predicting rapid clinical progression in amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether an initial neuropsychological assessment could predict rapid progression over 12 months, from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal study compared the neuropsychological profiles of 27 normal controls and 18 aMCI patients at baseline and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 12 months, 24 control subjects followed up remained cognitively normal. 7 aMCI patients (6 multiple-domain aMCI and 1 single-domain aMCI) progressed to AD, and 11 were non-progressors. Prognosis was best captured by a combination of associative learning, the paired associate learning task (PAL), and global cognition, the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PAL and ACE can sensitively detect meaningful differences in scores at baseline and may be used as prognostic indicators. Multiple-domain aMCI patients progressed rapidly to AD and may be more usefully labelled as early stage AD.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Samrah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Nestor
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hodges
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012660:Semantics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index