title: Accommodation in emmetropic and myopic young adults wearing bifocal soft contact lenses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of bifocal soft contact lenses on the accommodative errors (lags) of young adults. Recent studies suggest that bifocal soft contact lenses are an effective myopia control treatment although the underlying mechanism is not understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Accommodation responses were measured for four target distances: 100, 50, 33 and 25 cm in 35 young adult subjects (10 emmetropes and 25 myopes; mean age, 22.8 +/- 2.5 years). Measurements were made under both monocular and binocular conditions with three types of lenses: single vision distance soft contact lenses (SVD), single vision near soft contact lenses (SVN; +1.50 D added to the distance prescription) and bifocal soft contact lenses (BF; +1.50 D add).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the SVD lenses, all subjects exhibited lags of accommodation, with myopes accommodating significantly less than emmetropes for the 100 and 50 cm target distances (p < 0.05). With the SVN lenses, there was no significant difference in accommodative responses between emmetropes and myopes. With the BF lenses, both emmetropic and myopic groups exhibited leads in accommodation for all target distances, with emmetropes showing significantly greater leads for all distances (p < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, myopes tended to accommodate less than emmetropes, irrespective of the contact lens type, which significantly affected accommodation for both groups. The apparent over-accommodation of myopes when wearing the BF contact lenses may explain the reported efficacy as a myopia control treatment, although further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism underlying this accommodative effect.
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry, 592 Minor Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-2020, USA. jmtarrant@berkeley.edu
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tarrant
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Severson
authors.forename: Christine F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Wildsoet
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D003263:Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; D006801:Humans; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*