title: Impaired interleukin-2 synthesis and T cell proliferation following antibody-mediated CD3 and CD2 or CD28 cross-linking in trans: evidence that T cell activation requires the engagement of costimulatory molecules within the immunological synapse.
abstract: Although the T cell costimulatory molecules CD2 and CD28 are enriched within the immunological synapse (IS), it has been suggested that costimulatory molecules need not be localized to the contact site between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell (APC) in order to costimulate T cell activation. To determine whether CD2 or CD28 engagement outside of the IS is sufficient to costimulate T cell activation, we compared mouse T cell responses to anti-CD3 and anti-CD2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mAbs immobilized on the same, i.e., in cis, or on different, i.e., in trans, 10 micron polystyrene microspheres. In comparison to T cells that were stimulated with co-immobilized anti-CD3 and anti-CD2 or anti-CD28 mAbs, DNA synthesis, interleukin (IL)-2 production, and cellular proliferation were all severely impaired following T cell stimulation with anti-CD3 and anti-CD2 mAbs or anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mAbs on different microspheres. Deficient cellular proliferation and IL-2 synthesis by T cells that experienced CD3 and CD2 or CD28 cross-linking in trans provides evidence that costimulatory molecules must function in the context of the IS for optimal T cell activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Carrie L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Suzanne J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Furlong
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hoskin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D018801:CD2 Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology*; D006224:Cricetinae; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008863:Microspheres; D011137:Polystyrenes; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014316:Tritium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018801:CD2 Antigens; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D017252:CD3 Complex; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011137:Polystyrenes; D014316:Tritium; D004247:DNA