title: Acute and chronic effects of ibuprofen in the mollusc Planorbis carinatus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae).
abstract: Laboratory populations of freshwater Keeled rams horn snails (Planorbis carinatus Muller, 1774) were exposed as adults to measured concentrations of ibuprofen free base (CAS number 15687-27-1) for up to 21 d using methanol (0.1 mL/L) as a carrier solvent. Under flow-through conditions, the 48 and 72 h LC50 values were both 17.1mg/L (95% confidence intervals 5.9-72.3mg/L), while 21 d LOEC and NOEC values based on survival were >5.36 and 5.36 mg/L, respectively. Reproduction (in terms of hatching success) 21d LOEC and NOEC values were 5.36 and 2.43 mg/L, respectively. Growth (wet weight) was the most sensitive endpoint measured at 21 d, with LOEC and NOEC values of 2.43 and 1.02 mg/L, respectively. We found P. carinatus to be amenable to laboratory culture and this preliminary study suggests that this species may have further potential as a useful molluscan model in ecotoxicology.
authors.affiliation: AstraZeneca Global Safety, Health and Environment, Brixham Environmental Laboratory, Devon TQ5 8BA, UK.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pounds
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maclean
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Webley
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pascoe
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000633:toxicity*; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012908:Snails / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007052:Ibuprofen