title: "A condition of development": muckrakers, surgeons, and hospitals, 1890-1920.
authors.affiliation: Program in the History of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0341, USA.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kernahan
mesh_terms: D013502:General Surgery / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006761:Hospitals / Q000266:history*; D006801:Humans; D012955:Societies, Medical / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States