title: A pilot randomized controlled trial to evaluate the benefit of the cardiac rehabilitation paradigm for the non-acute ischaemic stroke population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate risk factor reduction and health-related quality of life following a 10-week cardiac rehabilitation programme in non-acute ischaemic stroke subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-blinded randomized control trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight community-dwelling ischaemic stroke patients (38 independently mobile, 9 requiring assistance, 1 non-ambulatory) were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups by concealed allocation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The trial consisted of a 10-week schedule with measures taken at weeks 1 and 10. Both groups continued usual care (excluding aerobic exercise); intervention subjects attended 16 cycle ergometry sessions of aerobic-training intensity and two stress-management classes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiac risk score (CRS); VO(2) (mL O(2)/kg per minute) and Borg Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) assessed during a standardized ergometry test; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); Frenchay Activity Index; Fasting Lipid Profiles and Resting Blood Pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group comparison with independent t-tests showed significantly greater improvement at follow-up by intervention subjects than controls in VO(2) (intervention 10.6 +/-1.6 to 12.0 +/- 2.2, control 11.1 +/-1.8 to 11.1 +/-1.9 t=4.734, P<0.001) and CRS (intervention 13.4 +/-10.1 to 12.4 +/-10.5, control 9.4 +/-6.7 to 15.0 +/-6.1 t=-2.537, P<0.05). RPE rating decreased in intervention subjects (13.4 +/-12.2 to 12.4 +/-2.0) and increased in controls (13.8 +/-1.8 to 14.4 +/-1.6); Mann-Whitney U (U = 173.5, P<0.05). Within-group comparison showed significant decrease in the HADS depression subscale in the intervention group alone (5.1 +/-3.4 to 3.0 +/-2.8) (Wilcoxon signed ranks test Z=-3.278, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary findings suggest non-acute ischaemic stroke patients can improve their cardiovascular fitness and reduce their CRS with a cardiac rehabilitation programme. The intervention was associated with improvement in self-reported depression.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Rehabilitation Unit, Baggot Street Community Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland. olive.lennon@hse.ie
authors.forename: Olive
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lennon
authors.forename: Aisling
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: Niamh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gaffney
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blake
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation