title: Transient hypertension and sustained tachycardia in mice housed individually in metabolism cages.
abstract: The novel environment of a metabolic cage can be stressful for rodents, but few studies have attempted to quantify this stress-response. Therefore, we determined the effects on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), of placing mice of both sexes in metabolism cages for 2 days. After surgical implantation of a carotid artery catheter mice recovered individually in standard cages for 5 days. Mice then spent 2 days in metabolism cages. MAP and HR were monitored in the standard cage on Day 5 and in metabolism cages on Days 6-7. MAP increased by 18+/-3 and 22+/-4 %, while HR increased by 27+/-4 and 27+/-6 %, in males and females, respectively, during the first hours after cage switch. MAP decreased to baseline in the fourth and eighth h following metabolism cage switch in males and females, respectively. However, HR remained significantly elevated in both sexes during the entire two-day period in metabolism cages. Females had lower MAP than males both pre- and post-metabolism cage switch, but there were no sex differences in HR. These results demonstrate sustained changes in cardiovascular function when mice are housed in metabolism cages, which could potentially affect renal function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hoppe
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bertram
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006799:Housing, Animal; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012737:Sex Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D013997:Time Factors