title: Systemic iodine 125 activity after GliaSite brachytherapy: safety considerations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  After contaminated radioactive linens were detected on the completion of intracranial brachytherapy for a patient episodically incontinent of urine, the systemic absorption of iodine 125 from the GliaSite Radiation Therapy System was studied. Diffusion and leakage of (125)I through the walls of the GliaSite balloon catheter have previously been reported to be negligible in both animal and human studies examining the radioactivity of urine during and after treatment. Our study estimated total systemic absorption based on activity defect measurements rather than using urinary excretion as a surrogate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients treated with complete data were reviewed. The activity at the time of injection was compared to the activity recovered on completion of treatment after adjustment for decay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By comparing the activity of (125)I infused with the activity recovered, 0.5-5.5% of infused (125)I remained unaccounted after adjusting for decay over the 4-day treatment period. The patient with contaminated hospital linens due to urinary incontinence had unaccounted activity of 2.3%. Comparisons of the volume of liquid (125)I and saline removed on completion to treatment to the volume originally instilled revealed no difference using hand-held syringes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The systemic absorption of (125)I is much greater than previously appreciated with potential clinical sequelae and safety concerns. GliaSite should be used with caution in patients incontinent of urine, and a Foley catheter should be placed to collect contaminated urine for incontinent patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
authors.forename: Jarrod B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Adkison
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thomadsen
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Howard
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D011835:Radiation Protection; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016482:Urinalysis; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes