title: Donepezil improves obstructive sleep apnea in Alzheimer disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is an association between Alzheimer disease and sleep-disordered breathing. Donepezil is the drug most frequently used to treat cognitive symptoms in Alzheimer disease. This study evaluates the effects of donepezil on obstructive sleep apnea in patients with Alzheimer disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Twenty-three patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > 5/h were allocated to two groups: donepezil treated (n = 11) and placebo treated (n = 12). Polysomnography and cognitive evaluation using Alzheimer disease assessment scale-cognitive (ADAS-cog) subscale were performed at baseline and after 3 months. Cognitive and sleep data were analyzed using analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AHI and oxygen saturation improved significantly after donepezil treatment compared to baseline and placebo (p < 0.05). Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration increased after donepezil treatment (p < 0.05). ADAS-cog scores improved after donepezil treatment, although they did not correlate with REM sleep increase and sleep apnea improvement (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Donepezil treatment improved AHI and oxygen saturation in patients with Alzheimer disease. Treatment also increased REM sleep duration and reduced ADAS-cog scores.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00480870.
authors.affiliation: Psychobiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. waltermoraes@giro.com.br
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Dalva
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poyares
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sukys-Claudino
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guilleminault
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D000077265:Donepezil; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017286:Polysomnography; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007189:Indans; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D010880:Piperidines; D000077265:Donepezil