title: Association between the insulin-induced gene 2 (INSIG2) and weight gain in a German sample of antipsychotic-treated schizophrenic patients: perturbation of SREBP-controlled lipogenesis in drug-related metabolic adverse effects?
abstract: Atypical antipsychotics are nowadays the most widely used drugs to treat schizophrenia and other psychosis. Unfortunately, some of them can cause major metabolic adverse effects, such as weight gain, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes. The underlying lipogenic mechanisms of the antipsychotic drugs are not known, but several studies have focused on a central effect in the hypothalamic control of appetite regulation and energy expenditure. In a functional convergent genomic approach we recently used a cellular model and demonstrated that orexigenic antipsychotics that induce weight gain activate the expression of lipid biosynthesis genes controlled by the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors. We therefore hypothesized that the major genes involved in the SREBP activation of fatty acids and cholesterol production (SREBF1, SREBF2, SCAP, INSIG1 and INSIG2) would be strong candidate genes for interindividual variation in drug-induced weight gain. We genotyped a total of 44 HapMap-selected tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms in a sample of 160 German patients with schizophrenia that had been monitored with respect to changes in body mass index during antipsychotic drug treatment. We found a strong association (P=0.0003-0.00007) between three markers localized within or near the INSIG2 gene (rs17587100, rs10490624 and rs17047764) and antipsychotic-related weight gain. Our finding is supported by the recent involvement of the INSIG2 gene in obesity in the general population and implicates SREBP-controlled lipogenesis in drug-induced metabolic adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Dr Einar Martens' Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. stephanie.le.hellard@helse-bergen.no
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Hellard
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Theisen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haberhausen
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Raeder
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernø
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gebhardt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hinney
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Remschmidt
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Krieg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mehler-Wex
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Nöthen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hebebrand
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Steen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics; D051782:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; C108626:INSIG1 protein, human; C467727:INSIG2 protein, human; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C497387:SREBF1 protein, human; C497390:SREBF2 protein, human; C102196:SREBP cleavage-activating protein; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D051782:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins; D003024:Clozapine