title: Bradykinin in ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rat lung.
abstract: Recent studies described possibilities to reduce lung damage after intestinal ischemia by application of a selective bradykinin-2 receptor antagonist (HOE 140). In contrast, it has been shown that the preischemic application of bradykinin (BK) reduced ischemic damage of the myocardium. In the present study, to evaluate the effects of BK and HOE 140 in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury we used a standardized in vivo ischemia-reperfusion model of the right rat lung. Ischemia of 60 min was induced by cross-clamping of the right hilus followed by 120 min of reperfusion. During reperfusion, the left hilus was ligated. In Group 1 (n=5), the animals were sham operated without induction of ischemia under ligation of the left lung hilus. Group 2 (n=5) was operated as described, Group 3 (n=5) received 100 microg bradykinin (BK) before reperfusion, Group 4 (n=5) was given a B2-agonist before reperfusion, and Group 5 (n=5) was given 100 microg HOE140/kg body weight before reperfusion. Blood pressure and arterial oxygenation were monitored. As a marker of endothelial damage, angiotensin-converting-enzyme activity (ACE) in serum and RT-PCR of ACE and angiotensin-2 in lung tissue were determined in all groups. Two of the HOE140-treated animals died within 30 min of reperfusion. During reperfusion, significantly higher PaO2 values (P<0.01) have been observed in BK treated animals of Group 3 (214+/-22 mmHg) and sham operated controls of Group 1 (233+/-26 mmHg) compared with Groups 2 (132+/-13 mmHg) and Group 5 (125+/-50 mmHg; P<0.01). Serum ACE activity after reperfusion was significantly lower in Group 1 (3.5+/-0.5 IU/l), Group 3 (3.8+/-1.1 IU/l), and Group 4 (2.2+/-0.5 IU/l; P<0.05) vs. Group 2 (4.8+/-0.9 IU/l), whereas Group 5 (6.2+/-5.4 IU/l) did not differ from Group 2. mRNA expressions of ACE was lower in Group 1 and Group 3 compared with Group 2 (P<0.01). AT-2 mRNA expression did not show any differences between the investigated groups. A significantly lower ACE activity and expression and a significantly higher oxygenation after BK application in Group 3 strongly suggest a positive influence of bradykinin on ischemic preconditioning of the pulmonary endothelium. Positive effects of application of bradykinin-receptor antagonists could not be proved in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany. kai.nowak@chir.ma.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weih
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Post
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gebhard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hohenberger
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D065094:Bradykinin B2 Receptor Antagonists; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008168:Lung / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2 / Q000819:agonists / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D065094:Bradykinin B2 Receptor Antagonists; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2; D000804:Angiotensin II; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D010100:Oxygen; D001920:Bradykinin