title: Intermediate-term patency of upper arm arteriovenous fistulae for hemodialysis access in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to estimate the 2-year cumulative thrombosis-free survival of basilic vein transposition (BVT) and brachiocephalic fistulae in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  All children who underwent BVT or brachiocephalic fistula construction at a tertiary care children's hospital from June 2001 to July 2006 were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank test, and proportional hazards regression were done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen children (7 girls) with inadequate forearm veins underwent creation of 18 fistulae (12 BVT, 6 brachiocephalic). Median age was 14 (9-19) years. Mean (+/-SE) operative times for BVT and brachiocephalic fistulae were 3.4 (+/- 0.6) hours and 1.9 (+/-0.4) hours, respectively. The overall 2-year cumulative survival rate was 74% (BVT, 66%; brachiocephalic fistula, 83%). Four fistulae failed (1 brachiocephalic, 3 BVT) and 14 fistulae were censored (5, patent fistula; 4, renal transplantation; 2, unrelated death; 1, elective conversion to peritoneal dialysis; 1, surgical ligation of fistula; 1, lost to follow-up). Of 18 fistulae, 6 underwent additional interventions (4, percutaneous angioplasty; 2, surgical thrombectomy). There were no significant differences in survival times based on fistula type, prior transplant status, age, or operative time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brachiocephalic and BVT fistulae create reliable hemodialysis access for children who have inadequate forearm veins to allow construction of more distal fistulae.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
authors.forename: Ramanath N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Haricharan
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Aprahamian
authors.forename: Traci L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Carroll M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Harmon
authors.forename: Douglas C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Barnhart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D016121:Brachiocephalic Veins / Q000601:surgery*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency