title: Bioequivalence study of two limaprost alfadex 5 microg tablets in healthy subjects: moisture-resistant tablet (dextran formulation) versus standard tablet (lactose formulation).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A study was conducted to assess the bioequivalence of two limaprost alfadex 5 microg tablets, a moisture-resistant tablet (dextran formulation) and a standard tablet (lactose formulation).
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical investigation was designed as a randomized, open-labeled, two-part, two-treatment, two-period crossover study, in 120 healthy male volunteers. One tablet of either formulation was administered with 200 ml of water after 10-hour overnight fast. After dosing, serial blood samples were collected for a period of 6 hours. Plasma harvested from blood was analyzed for limaprost by a validated LC/MS/MS method. The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) values and time associated with the maximal concentration (tmax) were obtained from the observed data. The elimination rate constant (lambda z) was obtained as the slope of the linear regression of the log-transformed concentration values vs. time data in the terminal phase, and the elimination half-life (t1/2) was calculated as 0.693/lambda z. The area under the curve to the last measurable point (AUC0-t) was estimated by the linear trapezoidal rule. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out using log-transformed AUC0-t, AUC0-A yen and Cmax and untransformed tmax, and 90% confidence intervals for AUC0-t and Cmax were calculated. If the 90% confidence intervals (CI) for both AUC0-t and Cmax fell fully within the interval 80 - 125%, the bioequivalence of the two formulations was established.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The means of AUC0-t were 0.779 vs. 0.754 pg x h/ml (test vs. reference), and the means of the Cmax were 1.26 vs. 1.12 pg/ml (test vs. reference). The geometric mean ratios of the test formulation to reference formulation for AUC0-t and Cmax were 104.0 and 112.4%, respectively, and the 90% CI for AUC0-t and Cmax were 100.7 - 107.4% and 105.6 - 119.6%, respectively. Both 90% CI for AUC0-t and Cmax fell within the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan accepted bioequivalence range of 80 - 125%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the results, the moisture-resistant tablet was determined to be bioequivalent to the standard tablet.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacokinetic Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Oska, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakade
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Komaba
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000527:Alprostadil / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003911:Dextrans; D004355:Drug Stability; D005079:Excipients; D005215:Fasting; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D007785:Lactose; D008297:Male; D013607:Tablets; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D047391:alpha-Cyclodextrins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D005079:Excipients; D013607:Tablets; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D047391:alpha-Cyclodextrins; C525749:limaprost-alfadex; D000527:Alprostadil; D007785:Lactose