title: Drug effects on drug targets: inhibition of enzymes by neuroleptics, antimycotics, antibiotics and other drugs on human pathogenic amoebas and their anti-proliferative effects.
abstract: This paper reviews the inhibition of various enzymes by neuroleptics, anti-mycotics, antibiotics and other drugs on three species of human pathogenic amoebas, mainly Entamoeba histolytica, Acanthamoeba polyphaga and Naegleria fowleri, and their antiproliferative effects. A recent patent registered by Philip relates to the combination of an antibacterial formulation and antifungal agent for producing a therapeutically effective quantity of an antimicrobial that is suitable for suppressing or treating fungal growth. The rationale behind this patent focused on essential and valid targets with a description of the main pathogenic characteristics of these amoebas. The study of new targets, such as trypanothione and trypanothione reductase, and the drug effects of selected agents were arranged into six main groups: A) Inhibition of disulfide reducing enzymes by neuroleptics, antimycotics and antibiotics; B) Comparative evaluation of the efficacies of several drugs with antiproliferative activities; C) Inhibition of the enzymes for the synthesis of trypanothione, such as ornithine decarboxylase, spermidine synthase and trypanothione synthetase; D) Inhibition of the glycolytic enzyme PPi-dependent phosphofructokinase (PFK) from Entamoeba and Naegleria by pyrophosphate analogues, different from the host enzyme; E) Inhibition of enzymes secreted by these parasites to invade the human host, for example cysteine proteinases; and F) Inhibition of encystment pathways and cyst-wall assembly proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, Mexico 04510, Mexico. ondarza@servidor.unam.mx
authors.forename: Raúl N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Ondarza
mesh_terms: D000562:Amebiasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D000656:Amoeba / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004220:Disulfides / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005978:Glutathione / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D010330:Patents as Topic; D025221:Phosphofructokinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013095:Spermidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D004220:Disulfides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C044809:trypanothione; D025221:Phosphofructokinases; D005978:Glutathione; D013095:Spermidine