title: Orbital metastasis as the presenting symptom of extensive stage small cell lung cancer.
abstract: Detailed herein are two cases of small cell lung cancer first presenting with orbital metastasis. Orbital metastasis from solid tumors is a rare entity. The predominating primaries in Western countries are breast and lung tumors; hepatocellular and gastric malignancies lead in Japanese series. Clinical symptoms and findings reflect the mass effect and the degree of extra-ocular muscle invasion. Treatment is guided by the cancer type and the tumor histology. The prognosis is grim, and with the exception of rare cases secondary to hormone-responsive tumors, the majority of patients succumb to their disease within a year of diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Geisinger Medical Cancer, Danville PA, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.forename: Qiyue
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Nava
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Siegelmann-Danieli
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006728:Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D010166:Palliative Care; D014056:Tomography, X-Ray
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones