Ubiquitin ligases as therapeutic targets in HIV-1 infection.
BACKGROUND
Introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy has led to a profound reduction in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related mortality; although, the complete eradication of the virus from infected individuals has never been achieved. In addition, due to the high mutation and evolution rate, drug-resistant viruses are continuously emerging.


OBJECTIVE
Genetically more stable cellular pathways represent attractive targets for innovative antiviral strategies, especially the ubiquitin proteasome system, which regulates various steps in the HIV replication cycle.


METHODS
This review focuses on certain interactions of HIV and E3 ligases as a major player in the ubiquitin proteasome system.


CONCLUSIONS
Due to the importance in HIV replication, and together with the high substrate specificity, E3 ligases can be considered as bona fide targets to interfere with HIV infection.
Votteler
Jörg
J
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany. Joerg.Votteler@viro.med.uni-erlangen.de
Schubert
Ulrich
U
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases