title: Cervicitis: a review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sexually transmitted infections impact significantly on global health. Whereas Chlamydia, Neisseria gonorrhoea and syphilis have been extensively examined, there remains a paucity of knowledge of nonchlamydial and nongonococcal cervicitis, an arguably more prevalent but poorly characterized condition with uncertain clinical implications. With increasing application of molecular diagnostic methods for the detection of sexually transmitted infections and a growing body of literature on cervicitis, a review is timely.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of putative aetiological agents implicated in cervicitis is growing and includes Mycoplasma genitalium, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, bacterial vaginosis and Trichomonas. The potential role of cervicitis in HIV transmission has been highlighted. Increasing broad-spectrum antibiotic usage with associated emergence of antimicrobial resistance reinforces the need for targeted antibiotic therapies, including the management of cervicitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As our understanding of the aetiology and significance of cervicitis, particularly nonspecific cervicitis, improves, management will be refined. Advances in molecular diagnostic testing will facilitate this process, but urinary nucleic acid amplification testing should not replace clinical examination while cervicitis prevalence and significance is not yet established. A standardized approach to cervicitis research, particularly with consensus of case definition, may facilitate outcomes that can be more generally applied in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: RPA Sexual Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia. josephine.lusk@e-mail.cs.nsw.gov.au
authors.forename: M Josephine
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lusk
authors.forename: Pam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Konecny
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015231:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D015229:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D014245:Trichomonas Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D002575:Uterine Cervicitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*