title: DNA prime protein boost strategies protect cattle from bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 challenge.
abstract: At present, infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type 2 occur nearly as frequently as those with BVDV type 1, so development of vaccines that protect cattle from both type 1 and type 2 BVDV has become critical. In this study, we compared various DNA prime-protein boost vaccination strategies to protect cattle from challenge with BVDV-2 using the major protective antigen of BVDV, glycoprotein E2. Calves were immunized with a plasmid encoding either type 1 E2 (E2.1) or type 2 E2 (E2.2) or with both plasmids (E2.1+E2.2). This was followed by a heterologous boost with E2.1, E2.2 or E2.1 and E2.2 protein formulated with Emulsigen and a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide. Subsequently, the calves were challenged with BVDV-2 strain 1373. All vaccinated calves developed both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, including virus-neutralizing antibodies and IFN-gamma-secreting cells in the peripheral blood. Depletion studies showed that CD4+ T cells were responsible for IFN-gamma production. Furthermore, the calves vaccinated with either the E2.2 or the E2.1+E2.2 vaccines were very well protected from challenge with BVDV-2, having little leukopenia and showing no weight loss or temperature response. In addition, the animals vaccinated with the E2.1 vaccine were partially protected, so there was a certain level of cross-protection. These data demonstrate that a vaccination strategy consisting of priming with E2.2 or E2.1+E2.2 DNA and boosting with E2.2 or E2.1+E2.2 protein fully protects cattle from BVDV-2 challenge.
authors.affiliation: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: van den Hurk
authors.affiliation: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Landi
authors.affiliation: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lawman
authors.affiliation: Virology Section, Lethbridge Laboratory, Animal Diseases Research Institute, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB T1J 3Z4, Canada.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deregt
authors.affiliation: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.affiliation: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Babiuk
authors.affiliation: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001912:Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002417:Cattle; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D030242:Diarrhea Virus 2, Bovine Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C076551:gp53, bovine viral diarrhea virus