title: MUC2 expression in human middle ear epithelium of patients with otitis media.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare levels of expression of mucin gene 2 (MUC2), a major secretory mucin, in the middle ear of patients with otitis media (OM) and control patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients aged 6 months to 15 years undergoing routine ventilation tube insertion for recurrent OM or chronic OM with effusion and 8 controls with no history of OM undergoing cochlear implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biopsy of middle ear epithelium for RNA extraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of MUC2 by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven OM samples (17 recurrent and 10 with effusion) from 19 patients were analyzed and compared with 9 control samples from 8 patients. The mean MUC2 expression was 6.12 (95% confidence interval, 3.32-8.89) times that of the controls in the OM samples overall, 5.00 (95% confidence interval, 2.79-7.21) times that of controls in the recurrent OM samples, and 7.98 (95% confidence interval, 1.58-14.38) times that of controls in the OM with effusion samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levels of MUC2 expression in human middle ear epithelium are significantly increased in patients with OM overall, patients with recurrent OM, and patients with OM with effusion compared with controls. Mucins are fundamentally important in the middle ear, controlling viscoelastic properties of secretions and providing mucosal protection and bacterial clearance. Demonstration of these differences between patient groups highlights the need for greater understanding of molecular responses in OM, which may provide novel interventions for this common problem.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ubell
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kerschner
authors.forename: P Ashley
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Wackym
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burrows
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055262:Mucin-2; D009077:Mucins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C524625:MUC2 protein, human; D055262:Mucin-2; D009077:Mucins