title: Unilateral upper-pole giant hydroureter in a duplex renal system: an incidental finding in cesarean section.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Duplicated collecting systems comprises renal units containing two pyelocalyceal systems associated with a single ureter or double ureters and is the most common upper tract anomaly.
  
  
  METHODS
  This report presents a rare entity: an adult woman who had giant hydroureter of upper-pole moiety of the duplex kidney, which was an incidental finding during cesarean section. Heminephroureterectomy was done containing 2 L of fluid. This case is the first of its kind during cesarean section.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cause of this unusually massive degree of dilatation of the upper-pole moiety of the duplicated collecting system is uncertain, but may have resulted from an error in the development or because of VUR. We suggest mandatory intraabdominal examination after delivering uterus while conducting a cesarean section.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Padhar Hospital, Padhar, Betul 460005, Madhya Pradesh, India. nirajdr@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Niraj N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahay
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kale
authors.forename: Manisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasre
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities*; D009392:Nephrectomy; D011247:Pregnancy; D014515:Ureteral Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery