title: Evaluation of the vascular status of autogenous hamstring tendon grafts after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in humans using magnetic resonance angiography.
abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the vascular status of autogenous semitendinosus grafts after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in humans using magnetic resonance angiography. Twelve patients (mean age, 24.3 years) who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the 4-strand semitendinosus tendon were studied. All patients underwent contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography and second-look arthroscopy in their reconstructed knees on an average of 15.8 months (range 9-22 months) after surgery. Blood vessels to the graft were visualised and contrast medium enhancement for visualising the femoral tunnel, graft, and tibial tunnel was evaluated. Magnetic resonance angiography showed that a branch of the middle genicular artery extended to the upper side of the graft through the posterior capsule and that branches of the inferior genicular artery ended at the lower side of the graft in all patients. These were consistent with the actual findings of the second-look arthroscopy. We found contrast medium enhancement in the femoral and tibial tunnels in all patients. The effect of enhancement at 9 months after ACL reconstruction was higher than that at 22 months. The graft showed enhancement patterns in the posterior portion of the femoral side and the anterior portion of the tibial side. This study demonstrated that the branches of the middle and inferior genicular arteries provide blood supply to the graft, which may influence the maturation of the graft. The revascularisation of the bone tunnels could play an important role in the healing of the ligament-bone tunnel junction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan. yarai89046@nike.eonet.ne.jp
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Urade
authors.forename: Ginjiro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Hisatake
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takamiya
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001182:Arthroscopy; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000098:blood supply; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D024162:Second-Look Surgery; D013710:Tendons / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000637:transplantation*; D013977:Tibia / Q000098:blood supply
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA