title: Efficacy and safety of a paired sedation and ventilator weaning protocol for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care (Awakening and Breathing Controlled trial): a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Approaches to removal of sedation and mechanical ventilation for critically ill patients vary widely. Our aim was to assess a protocol that paired spontaneous awakening trials (SATs)-ie, daily interruption of sedatives-with spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs).
  
  
  METHODS
  In four tertiary-care hospitals, we randomly assigned 336 mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care to management with a daily SAT followed by an SBT (intervention group; n=168) or with sedation per usual care plus a daily SBT (control group; n=168). The primary endpoint was time breathing without assistance. Data were analysed by intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00097630.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient in the intervention group did not begin their assigned treatment protocol because of withdrawal of consent and thus was excluded from analyses and lost to follow-up. Seven patients in the control group discontinued their assigned protocol, and two of these patients were lost to follow-up. Patients in the intervention group spent more days breathing without assistance during the 28-day study period than did those in the control group (14.7 days vs 11.6 days; mean difference 3.1 days, 95% CI 0.7 to 5.6; p=0.02) and were discharged from intensive care (median time in intensive care 9.1 days vs 12.9 days; p=0.01) and the hospital earlier (median time in the hospital 14.9 days vs 19.2 days; p=0.04). More patients in the intervention group self-extubated than in the control group (16 patients vs six patients; 6.0% difference, 95% CI 0.6% to 11.8%; p=0.03), but the number of patients who required reintubation after self-extubation was similar (five patients vs three patients; 1.2% difference, 95% CI -5.2% to 2.5%; p=0.47), as were total reintubation rates (13.8%vs 12.5%; 1.3% difference, 95% CI -8.6% to 6.1%; p=0.73). At any instant during the year after enrolment, patients in the intervention group were less likely to die than were patients in the control group (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.92; p=0.01). For every seven patients treated with the intervention, one life was saved (number needed to treat was 7.4, 95% CI 4.2 to 35.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that a wake up and breathe protocol that pairs daily spontaneous awakening trials (ie, interruption of sedatives) with daily spontaneous breathing trials results in better outcomes for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care than current standard approaches and should become routine practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-8300, USA. timothy.girard@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kress
authors.forename: Barry D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Jason W W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Thomason
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Schweickert
authors.forename: Brenda T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Pun
authors.forename: Darren B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Taichman
authors.forename: Jan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Anne S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pohlman
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kinniry
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Angelo E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Canonico
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Light
authors.forename: Ayumi K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Shintani
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Sharon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Jesse B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Dittus
authors.forename: Gordon R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: E Wesley
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Ely
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012119:Respiration; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012449:Safety; D015300:Ventilator Weaning