title: Prognostic significance of CD44s expression in biliary tract cancers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CD44 is an essential surface glycoprotein component of the hyaluronan receptor and is associated with adhesion and metastasis in many solid tumors. There are several isoforms of CD44, including CD44 standard (CD44s) and 10 CD44 variants (CD44v1 to CD44v10). We evaluated the clinical significance of CD44s and CD44v6 in biliary tract cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who had been diagnosed with primary biliary tract cancers were enrolled onto the study, and tissue specimens were obtained during surgery. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections were evaluated for the presence of CD44s and CD44v6 by immunohistochemical staining. We decided CD44s and CD44v6 expression as overexpression, which shows an intensity grade of >10%. Clinical data of all patients were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-five patients (35 men and 60 women; median age, 64 years; range, 37-86 years) were evaluated. The incidence of overexpression (>10%) of CD44s was 49%, and that of CD44v6 was 17%. The median postoperative follow-up duration was 34.3 months, and the median overall survival was 12.2 months. The Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) test identified CD44s overexpression (0% to 10% vs. 10% to 100%; HR, .420; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], .211-.837; P = .014) and cancer stage as prognostic factors. However, the expression of CD44v6 (0% to 10% vs. 10% to 100%; HR, 1.462; 95% CI, .630-3.393; P = .377) had no prognostic significance for survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD44s overexpression is useful as a marker of a poor prognosis for biliary tract cancer. Aggressive postoperative therapy should be considered for such patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Mock-Dong 911-1, Yangchun-ku, Seoul, 158-710, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyoung Eun
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hye Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Moon Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Min-Sun
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Seog Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Hyeon Kook
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yeung Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Mun
authors.forename: Eun Mi
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Chu Myong
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.forename: Soon Nam
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001661:Biliary Tract Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: C473647:CD44S antigen; C112697:CD44v6 antigen; D006023:Glycoproteins; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors