title: Fatal amiodarone-induced hepatotoxicity: a case report and literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a fatal case of amiodarone-induced acute hepatotoxicity after intravenous amiodarone administration and similar fatal cases review.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 72-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, prior cardiovascular disease, atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus was admitted to the hospital with acute pyelonephritis and transferred to the intensive care unit due to cerebral infarction. An antidiabetic drug, a low dose of aspirin and intravenous amiodarone therapy was started. After receiving a second dose of amiodarone (1,200 mg; injection rate 1 mg/min), the woman developed ascites, jaundice, high levels of serum transaminases, decreased prothrombin time, and finally became unconscious. Immediately after treatment was discontinued, her extremely high hepatic parameters returned to normal. According to the Naranjo probability scale, this adverse reaction was highly probable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occurrence of acute liver damage after intravenous amiodarone is rare but harmful. It can be induced by polysorbate 80, a solubilizer, by immunomediated centrilobular necrosis, or by the presence of a functional PPAR-I+/- gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amiodarone is an effective antiarrhythmic agent for preventing and treating atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. The molecular mechanism causing acute hepatic damage after amiodarone treatment is not clear. Therefore, amiodarone must be administered with care, and liver function should be monitored closely in patients treated with this drug.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: A L F
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Y-A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: S-J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000638:Amiodarone / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006529:Hepatomegaly / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000638:Amiodarone