Vitamin and mineral deficiencies in the developed world and their effect on the eye and vision.
Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are common in developing countries, but also occur in developed countries. We review micronutrient deficiencies for the major vitamins A, cobalamin (B(12)), biotin (vitamin H), vitamins C and E, as well as the minerals iron, and zinc, in the developed world, in terms of their relationship to systemic health and any resulting ocular disease and/or visual dysfunction. A knowledge of these effects is important as individuals with consequent poor ocular health and reduced visual function may present for ophthalmic care.
Whatham
Andrew
A
School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. a_whatham@hotmail.com
Bartlett
Hannah
H
Eperjesi
Frank
F
Blumenthal
Caron
C
Allen
Jane
J
Suttle
Catherine
C
Gaskin
Kevin
K
D001361:Avitaminosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019049:Developed Countries; D005123:Eye / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins