title: Degradation of trans-polyisoprene after root filling with thermoplasticized techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate ex vivo degradation of gutta-percha following six thermoplastic obturation techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety human-extracted mandibular premolars were selected and divided randomly into nine groups for filling. Group 1: thermomechanical compaction for 3 s with Konne gutta-percha points (Konne Ind. e Com. de Mat. Odontol., Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil); Group 2: thermomechanical compaction for 3 s with Dentsply TP gutta-percha points (Dentsply Indústria e Comércio Ltda, Petrópolis, R.J. Brazil); Group 3: thermomechanical compaction for 10 s with Konne; Group 4: thermomechanical compaction for 10 s with Dentsply TP; Group 5: warm vertical condensation using System B (EIE/Analytic, Richmond, WA, USA) with Konne; Group 6: warm vertical condensation using System B with Dentsply TP; Group 7: vertical condensation with Konne; Group 8: vertical condensation with Dentsply TP; Group 9: Microseal cone (Analytic Endodontics, Glendora, CA, USA). A further four groups were assessed without using teeth, Group 10: Microseal microflow (Analytic Endodontics); Group 11: Obtura (Obtura Corporation, Penton, MO, USA); Group 12: Obtura flow (Obtura Corporation); Group 13: Thermafil (Dentsply Maillefer, Tulsa, OK, USA). The filling material was removed from the root canal and trans-1,4-polyisoprene isolated by solubilization of the root filling remnants in chloroform followed by filtration and centrifugation. By gel permeation chromatography and infrared spectroscopy, the occurrence and degree of degradation were assessed. The results were analysed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test. With differential scanning calorimetry, the thermal behaviour of the gutta-percha was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant decrease in polymer molar mass and the production of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in the polymer were observed with thermomechanical compaction used for 10 s and vertical condensation filling techniques (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0005, respectively). Other techniques caused no polymer degradation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polyisoprene degrades with high temperature. Thermomechanical compaction for 10 s and vertical condensation were associated with the greatest degradative process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of Fortaleza, UNIFOR, Fortaleza, Brazil. manigliaf@secrel.com.br
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maniglia-Ferreira
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bönecker
authors.forename: J B A
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: R C M
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.forename: J P A
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Feitosa
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Souza-Filho
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry*; D045782:Hemiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008970:Molecular Weight; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D012389:Root Canal Obturation; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D045782:Hemiterpenes; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D006171:Gutta-Percha