title: Generation of HLA-B*1516/B*1567/B*1595 and B*1517 alleles (B15 specific group) by transpecies evolution.
abstract: The generation of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*1516, B*1517, B*1567, and B*1595 alleles has been analyzed using exon 1, intron 1, exon 2, intron 2, and exon 3 sequences from human and non-human primates. Results showed that at the first place three evolutionary steps would have been necessary for the generation of HLA-B*1516 and B*1517 alleles: (1) a non-human primate step with the generation of a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-B*1516/1517-like allele; (2) a human or non-human primate step with two different ways of evolution generating a MHC-B*1516 and a MHC-B*1517 ancestors; and (3) a human step consisting of the generation of HLA-B*1516 and HLA-B*15170101 alleles. After that, HLA-B*1567, B*1595 B*151701012, and B*151702 alleles would be generated by point mutation events. In conclusion these alleles are generated by two different evolutionary pathways. The generation of these alleles points out the importance of the exons/introns in the generation of the evolution of HLA alleles.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Inmunoterapia Celular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Román
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cervera
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Head
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martínez-Laso
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005091:Exons; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D015235:HLA-B Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011323:Primates / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D015235:HLA-B Antigens