title: A regular pattern of Ig super-motifs defines segmental flexibility as the elastic mechanism of the titin chain.
abstract: Myofibril elasticity, critical to muscle function, is dictated by the intrasarcomeric filament titin, which acts as a molecular spring. To date, the molecular events underlying the mechanics of the folded titin chain remain largely unknown. We have elucidated the crystal structure of the 6-Ig fragment I65-I70 from the elastic I-band fraction of titin and validated its conformation in solution using small angle x-ray scattering. The long-range properties of the chain have been visualized by electron microscopy on a 19-Ig fragment and modeled for the full skeletal tandem. Results show that conserved Ig-Ig transition motifs generate high-order in the structure of the filament, where conformationally stiff segments interspersed with pliant hinges form a regular pattern of dynamic super-motifs leading to segmental flexibility in the chain. Pliant hinges support molecular shape rearrangements that dominate chain behavior at moderate stretch, whereas stiffer segments predictably oppose high stretch forces upon full chain extension. There, librational entropy can be expected to act as an energy barrier to prevent Ig unfolding while, instead, triggering the unraveling of flanking springs formed by proline, glutamate, valine, and lysine (PEVK) sequences. We propose a mechanistic model based on freely jointed rigid segments that rationalizes the response to stretch of titin Ig-tandems according to molecular features.
authors.affiliation: Division of Structural Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Eleonore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: von Castelmur
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: Dmitri I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Svergun
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kreplak
authors.forename: Zöhre
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ucurum-Fotiadis
authors.forename: Petr V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Konarev
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urzhumtsev
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Labeit
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Labeit
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mayans
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D064211:Connectin; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D003460:Crystallization; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004548:Elasticity; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011817:Rabbits; D012518:Sarcomeres / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences
chemical_list: D064211:Connectin; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; C577285:TTN protein, human; D011494:Protein Kinases