title: Subcellular distribution and potential detoxification mechanisms of mercury in the liver of the Javan mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) in Amamioshima Island, Japan.
abstract: In a previous study, we showed that Hg accumulated to high levels in the liver of the Javan mongoose (Herpestes javanicus), a terrestrial mammal that lives on Amamioshima Island, Japan. This suggests a sophisticated mechanism of hepatic Hg detoxication. Assay of the subcellular localization of Hg and the expression of protective enzymes provides important clues for elucidating the mechanism of Hg detoxication. In the present study, the concentrations of 11 elements (Mg, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Cd, total Hg [T-Hg] and organic Hg [O-Hg], and Pb) were determined in the liver and in five liver subcellular fractions (plasma membrane, mitochondria, nuclei, microsome, and cytosol) of this species. As the T-Hg level increased, T-Hg markedly distributed to the plasma membrane. The T-Hg levels in all subcellular fractions correlated with Se levels. Although the T-Hg level in the microsomal fraction was relatively low, the ratio of O-Hg to T-Hg was significantly lower in the microsomes than in the other fractions. Significant positive correlations were found between the level of glutathione-S-transferase-pi, a marker of oxidative stress, and the O-Hg and T-Hg levels, but the correlation was better with O-Hg than with T-Hg. Western blot analysis of thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2), a protein involved in protecting cells from mitochondrial oxidative stress, showed that the level of TrxR2 correlated with that of T-Hg. High TrxR2 levels may be one mechanism by which the Javan mongoose attenuates the toxicity of the high Hg levels present in the liver.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Sawako
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horai
authors.forename: Tatsuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Suminori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akiba
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Katsushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Katsuji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuno
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005843:Geography; D008988:Herpestidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D007564:Japan; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008628:Mercury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D008628:Mercury