title: Multimodality imaging following 90Y radioembolization: a comprehensive review and pictorial essay.
abstract: Radioembolization with yttrium 90 (90Y) microspheres represents an emerging transarterial therapy for the treatment of liver malignancies that continues to generate interest in the medical community. The classic indication of treatment response is a reduction in tumor size; however, parenchymal changes (eg, necrosis, lack of enhancement, specific findings at positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging) and other benign findings (pleural effusions, perivascular edema, contralateral hypertrophy, ring enhancement, perihepatic fluid, fibrosis) may occur following treatment, requiring proper image interpretation. With classic imaging findings and surrogates (time to progression, duration of response, disease-free interval), response rates range from 20% to 80% in patients treated for hepatocellular carcinoma or metastatic disease to the liver. Complications of 90Y radioembolization include cholecystitis, abscess, and bilomas and should be recognized early in the imaging follow-up of these patients. Radiologists who are involved in the posttreatment assessment of patients undergoing 90Y radioembolization should be familiar with the imaging findings and potential imaging pitfalls associated with this therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, 676 N St Clair, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Bassel
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Atassi
authors.forename: Affaan K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bangash
authors.forename: Ammar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bahrani
authors.forename: Giuseppi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pizzi
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lewandowski
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Kent T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Vanessa L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Gates
authors.forename: Mary F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mulcahy
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kulik
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yaghmai
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Reed A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Omary
authors.forename: Riad
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salem
mesh_terms: D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011379:Prognosis; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes