title: Human conjunctival epithelial cells express functional Toll-like receptor 5.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The expression and function of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) was analysed in human conjunctival epithelial cells (HCjEC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of TLR5 in HCjEC was studied by reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR and flow cytometry. The amount of interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-8 proteins was determined by ELISA. Messenger RNA expression elicited by stimulation with flagellins derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella typhimurium, and Bacillus subtilis was assayed by quantitative RT-PCR. The localisation of TLR5 protein in human conjunctival epithelium was detected immunohistochemically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HCjEC expressed TLR5-specific mRNA and TLR5 protein. In HCjEC stimulated with flagellins derived from P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens, IL-6 and IL-8 production was increased and IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA was upregulated. Flagellins from S. typhimurium and B. subtilis did not induce the upregulation of these genes and proteins. TLR5 protein was detected on the basolateral but not the apical side of human conjunctival epithelium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human conjunctival epithelium harbours functional TLR5. Considering the spatially selective basolateral localisation of TLR5 protein, it was postulated that flagellins from ocular pathogenic bacteria induce inflammatory responses when disruption of the epithelial barrier permits their transmigration to the basolateral side but not under healthy physiological conditions on the ocular surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho 465, Hirokoji-agaru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueta
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamuro
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hozono
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yokoi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005408:Flagellin / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013045:Species Specificity; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495346:TLR5 protein, human; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5; D005408:Flagellin