title: Residency training in pyloromyotomy: a survey of 331 pediatric surgeons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both pediatric and general surgeons perform pyloromyotomy. Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy (LAP), and changes in referral patterns have affected the training of pediatric surgery fellows and general surgery residents. We surveyed pediatric surgeons regarding these issues.
  
  
  METHODS
  We mailed an Institutional Review Board of New Hanover Regional Medical Center-approved survey to 701 members of the American Pediatric Surgical Association within the United States to determine each surgeon's preferred technique for pyloromyotomy (LAP vs Ramstedt or transumbilical procedures [OPEN]), practice setting, involvement with trainees, and opinions regarding pyloromyotomy. Significance was determined using chi(2) analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 331 (48%) surgeons responded: 197 (60%) performed most or all OPEN, and 85 (26%), most or all LAP. Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy was more likely in academic practices and children's hospitals (P < .05). Residents under surgeons performing LAP were less likely to participate (58% vs 91%; P < .05) or gain competence (22% vs 42%; P < .5). Only 34% of surgeons performing LAP believed that general surgery residents should learn pyloromyotomy, whereas 67% of surgeons performing OPEN believed that residents should learn the procedure (P < .05). A total of 307 (93%) surgeons believed at least 4 OPEN were necessary to become competent, but 126 (44%) reported that their residents performed fewer than 4. Only 104 (31%) surgeons believed that their residents were competent in pyloromyotomy. There were 303 (92%) surgeons who believed that pyloromyotomy should be performed only by pediatric surgeons when possible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most general surgical residents are not learning pyloromyotomy, in part because of the adoption of laparoscopic technique, limited operative experience, and the opinion of most pediatric surgeons that the procedure should be performed only by pediatric surgeons.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Coastal Area Health Education Center, New Hanover Regional Medical Center, Wilmington, NC 28402-9025, USA. graham.cosper@alumni.unc.edu
authors.forename: Graham H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Cosper
authors.forename: Rema
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Mary Sue
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hamann
authors.forename: Don K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Nakayama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007396:Internship and Residency; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education; D011336:Probability; D011707:Pyloric Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome