title: Clinical interest of bone texture analysis in osteoporosis: a case control multicenter study.
abstract: We demonstrate the clinical interest of bone texture analysis with a new high resolution X-ray device. We have found that the combination of BMD and texture parameter values provided a better assessment of the fracture risk than that obtainable solely by BMD measurement.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Osteoporosis is characterized by BMD and trabecular bone microarchitecture. We have developed a new high-resolution X-ray device with direct digitization. The aim of this study was to demonstrate in a multicenter case control study the clinical interest of bone texture analysis with this new device.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional multicenter case-control population study in post-menopausal women, 159 osteoporotic fractures were compared with 219 control cases. Images were obtained on calcaneus with a direct digital X-ray device (BMA, D3A Medical Systems). Co-occurrence, run-length matrices and the fractal parameter Hmean were evaluated. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN) and total hip (TH) by DXA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The three texture parameters were significantly lower in osteoporotic fracture cases than in control cases. These differences persisted after adjustment for TH BMD. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to compare the discriminant capacity of texture parameters and BMD measurements for fracture. The highest areas under curve (AUC) were 0.721 for TH BMD and 0.706 for Hmean (AUC THBMD vs. AUC Hmean, p = NS). We determined the threshold between high and low Hmean parameter values and then the odds ratios (OR) of fracture for low Hmean, for BMD < or =2.5 SD in the T-score and for combinations of both parameters. The OR of fracture for low H was 2.72 (95% CI, 1.36-5.4). For a FN BMD < or = -2.5 SD, the OR of 4.78 (2.19-10.43) shifted to 14.06 (4.41-44.85) adding H.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data confirmed the clinical interest of the combination of BMD and texture parameters to improve the assessment of the risk of fracture other that obtainable by the sole BMD measurement.
authors.affiliation: Ipros - Service de Rhumatologie CHR d'Orléans, Orleans, France. eric.lespessailles@chr-orleans.fr
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lespessailles
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gadois
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kousignian
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Neveu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fardellone
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kolta
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roux
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Do-Huu
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Benhamou
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005598:Fractures, Spontaneous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006615:Hip / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012306:Risk; D014463:Ultrasonography