Noninvasive ventilation in myasthenic crisis.
BACKGROUND
Myasthenic crisis (MC) is often associated with prolonged intubation and with respiratory complications.


OBJECTIVE
To assess predictors of ventilation duration and to compare the effectiveness of endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation (ET-MV) with bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) noninvasive ventilation in MC.


METHODS
Retrospective cohort study.


METHODS
Academic research. Patients We reviewed consecutive episodes of MC treated at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.


METHODS
Collected information included patients' demographic data, immunotherapy, medical complications, mechanical ventilation duration, and hospital lengths of stay, as well as baseline and preventilation measurements of forced vital capacity, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and arterial blood gases.


RESULTS
We identified 60 episodes of MC in 52 patients. BiPAP was the initial method of ventilatory support in 24 episodes and ET-MV was performed in 36 episodes. There were no differences in patient demographics or in baseline respiratory variables and arterial gases between the groups of episodes initially treated using BiPAP vs ET-MV. In 14 episodes treated using BiPAP, intubation was avoided. The mean duration of BiPAP in these patients was 4.3 days. The only predictor of BiPAP failure (ie, requirement for intubation) was a Pco(2) level exceeding 45 mm Hg on BiPAP initiation (P= .04). The mean ventilation duration was 10.4 days. Longer ventilation duration was associated with intubation (P= .02), atelectasis (P< .005), and lower maximal expiratory pressure on arrival (P= .02). The intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay statistically significantly increased with ventilation duration (P< .001 for both). The only variable associated with decreased ventilation duration was initial BiPAP treatment (P< .007).


CONCLUSIONS
BiPAP is effective for the treatment of acute respiratory failure in patients with myasthenia gravis. A BiPAP trial before the development of hypercapnia can prevent intubation and prolonged ventilation, reducing pulmonary complications and lengths of intensive care unit and hospital stay.
Seneviratne
Janaka
J
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Mayo W8, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Mandrekar
Jay
J
Wijdicks
Eelco F M
EF
Rabinstein
Alejandro A
AA
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009157:Myasthenia Gravis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D011379:Prognosis; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014797:Vital Capacity