title: Chemoradiotherapy with or without consolidation chemotherapy using cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in anal squamous cell carcinoma: long-term results in 31 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objectives of this study were to evaluate long-term results of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin and the potential benefit of consolidation chemotherapy in patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1995 and February 2006, 31 patients with ASCC were treated with CRT. Radiotherapy was administered at 45 Gy over 5 weeks, followed by a boost of 9 Gy to complete or partial responders. Chemotherapy consisted of 5-fluorouracil (750 or 1,000 mg/m2) daily on days 1 to 5 and days 29 to 33; and, cisplatin (75 or 100 mg/m2) on day 2 and day 30. Twelve patients had T3-4 disease, whereas 18 patients presented with lymphadenopathy. Twenty-one (67.7%) received consolidation chemotherapy with the same doses of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin, repeated every 4 weeks for maximum 4 cycles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen patients (90.5%) completed all four courses of consolidation chemotherapy. After CRT, 28 patients showed complete responses, while 3 showed partial responses. After a median follow-up period of 72 months, the 5-year overall, disease-free, and colostomy-free survival rates were 84.7%, 82.9% and 96.6%, demonstrating that CRT with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin yields a good outcome in terms of survival and sphincter preservation. No differences in 5-year OS and DFS rates between patients treated with CRT alone and CRT with consolidation chemotherapy was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  our study shows that CRT with 5-FU and cisplatin, with or without consolidation chemotherapy, was well tolerated and proved highly encouraging in terms of long-term survival and the preservation of anal function in ASCC. Further trials with a larger patient population are warranted in order to evaluate the potential role of consolidation chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. cbc1971@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr
authors.forename: Byoung Chul
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Joong Bae
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Jinsil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.forename: Jae Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Joo Hang
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun Cheol
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Joo Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Nam Kyu
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil