title: In vitro permeation study of hinokitiol: effects of vehicles and enhancers.
abstract: In vitro permeation of hinokitiol (HKL) through hairless mouse skin was investigated using a diffusion cell. Either propylene glycol (PG) or ethanol (EtOH) was used as a vehicle for HKL. After applying the HKL solutions of 0.5%. 1%, 2%, and 5% onto the skin, the amount of HKL transferred through the skin into the receptor solution, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH7.4), was determined at a predetermined time intervals for 18 hr using a high performance chromatography (HPLC). EtOH was more effective than PG in terms of in vitro permeation of HKL. This is possibly because EtOH acts as a permeation enhancer. Another reason would be related to the higher thermodynamic activity of HKL in ethanol. To investigate the effect of an enhancer on the in vitro permeation, oleyl alcohol, 1-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone (DP), and lauric acid were used as enhancers. Each was added to the HKL solution (1%) so that the concentration of the enhancer was 1%. Among the enhancers, DP was the most effective and it enhanced the permeation of HKL approximately 5-10 times.
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Kangwon-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyang Hee
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: Jin-Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyeon Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004058:Diffusion; D015194:Diffusion Chambers, Culture; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007850:Lauric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010539:Permeability; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019946:Propylene Glycol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014334:Tropolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D007850:Lauric Acids; D039821:Monoterpenes; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; C030358:lauric acid; C010268:oleyl alcohol; D000431:Ethanol; C065136:1-lauryl-2-pyrrolidone; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D014334:Tropolone; C009479:beta-thujaplicin