title: Proteolytic cleavage of carboxypeptidase N markedly increases its antifibrinolytic activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carboxypeptidase N (CPN) is a constitutively active basic carboxypeptidase sharing specificity with activated thrombin-activable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFIa). Generally, CPN is regarded as being non-antifibrinolytic. However, this assumption has not been thoroughly investigated, particularly with respect to long-term antifibrinolysis. In addition, a recent report has shown that plasmin cleavage increases the catalytic activity of CPN. Therefore, we investigated the antifibrinolytic properties of CPN and plasmin-cleaved CPN (CPNc).
  
  
  METHODS
  CPN was incubated with plasmin for various periods of time and the prolongation of clot lysis at various concentrations of CPN/CPNc mixture was investigated in TAFI-depleted plasma. CPN cleavage was analyzed by electrophoresis and catalytic activity was determined by monitoring cleavage of the small substrate, FA-Ala-Lys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CPN exhibited antifibrinolytic properties in plasma clot lysis assays when present at supraphysiological concentrations. Depletion of CPN from plasma decreased the lysis time of clots formed from minimally diluted plasma at low tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) concentrations. Plasmin cleavage of CPN markedly increased the antifibrinolytic properties. CPN and CPNc prolonged lysis in a non-saturable, dose-dependent, and t-PA-dependent manner. At sufficient concentration, CPN and CPNc prolonged lysis at least forty-fivefold. CPNc was 700% more antifibrinolytic than CPN but only 7% more active toward FA-Ala-Lys. The active site inhibitor GEMSA eliminated the antifibrinolytic effects of CPN and CPNc. Antifibrinolytic activity correlated with cleavage of active and/or regulatory subunits, presumably generating heterodimeric CPNc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limited proteolysis of CPN by plasmin generates an enzyme with greatly increased antifibrinolytic properties. We speculate that (patho)physiological proteolysis of CPN may generate a long-term antifibrinolytic enzyme.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Thrombosis Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Binette
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mackova
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Lambkin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bajzar
mesh_terms: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D019281:Dimerization; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000378:metabolism*; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D006801:Humans; D001121:Lysine Carboxypeptidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D001121:Lysine Carboxypeptidase; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D005341:Fibrinolysin