title: Mycophenolate mofetil after methotrexate failure or intolerance in the treatment of scleritis and uveitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcomes of treatment with mycophenolate mofetil in patients with scleritis and uveitis refractory to or intolerant of methotrexate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective noncomparative case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five patients with scleritis and/or uveitis who failed with or did not tolerate methotrexate and were subsequently treated with mycophenolate mofetil between 1998 and 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed medical records of patients who were treated with mycophenolate mofetil after methotrexate intolerance or failure at one tertiary uveitis referral practice. We recorded dose and duration of methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil therapy, inflammation grade, Snellen visual acuity (VA), use of other immunomodulatory therapy, and adverse events. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with inflammation control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Control of inflammation, steroid-sparing effect, VA, and adverse effects were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inflammation was controlled with mycophenolate mofetil in 47 patients (55%), with 5 achieving durable remission off all medication. In multivariate logistic regression analysis that adjusted for gender and age, the odds of inflammation control were lower for patients with scleritis (odds ratio [OR], 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04-0.93; P = 0.04) than for patients without scleritis. Among patients without scleritis, the odds of inflammation control were lower for patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated uveitis (OR, 0.14; CI, 0.02-0.81, P = 0.03) compared to patients without JIA-associated uveitis. Eight of the 11 patients (73%) who were taking concomitant prednisone were able to taper their dose to <10 mg daily. Visual acuity declined in a greater percentage of patients who were unresponsive to mycophenolate mofetil (29%) compared with that of patients who responded to mycophenolate mofetil (9%). Side effects requiring discontinuation of mycophenolate mofetil occurred in 18 patients (21%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mycophenolate mofetil was effective in controlling inflammation in approximately half of the patients who had previously failed with or did not tolerate methotrexate. The odds of inflammation control were less in patients with the diagnoses of scleritis and JIA.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sobrin
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Christen
authors.forename: C Stephen
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015423:Scleritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014605:Uveitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D008727:Methotrexate