title: Implementation of diversity in healthcare practices: barriers and opportunities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to investigate to which extent diversity is part of current healthcare practices and to explore opportunities and barriers in the implementation of diversity dimensions in healthcare practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine in-depth, semi-structured interviews and three focus groups were conducted in three healthcare settings (mental health, hospital, nursing home care).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results demonstrate that (the potential of) diversity is an ambiguous issue; diversity is said to be important, but this has not led to adjustments of the neutral, disease-oriented approach of patients. If recognized at all, diversity is reduced to one dimension (sex). Barriers in the implementation of diversity relate to: (a) lacking awareness and knowledge of diversity, (b) poor information and communication, and (c) organizational constraints. Opportunities to implement diversity in healthcare include: (d) an emerging sense of urgency to attend to diversity, (e) the development of good practices, and (f) the political climate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Various barriers and some opportunities for the implementation of diversity in healthcare practices have been identified. There is an ambiguity in how professionals deal with diversity. As a result, the neutral approach remains dominant in practice and policy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In order to raise the awareness and enhance the competence of professionals, educational programmes and learning networks are required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. h.celik@zw.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Halime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Tineke A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Abma
authors.forename: Guy A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Widdershoven
authors.forename: Frans C B
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: van Wijmen
authors.forename: Ineke
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Klinge
mesh_terms: D054521:Cultural Competency; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D006284:Health Plan Implementation; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D008605:Mental Health Services; D009426:Netherlands; D009735:Nursing Homes; D015279:Organizational Culture; D011057:Politics; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations