title: [Cardiovascular manifestations in 40 patients with Williams syndrome].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the cardiovascular manifestations of Williams syndrome (WS) confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 2004 and January 2007, FISH was used to confirm diagnosis in 71 suspected WS cases by detecting chromosome 7q microdeletion. Cardiovascular abnormalities were assessed by echocardiography and Doppler echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty out of 71 patients were detected to have Elastin gene locus microdeletion, 25 patients (25/40, 62.5%) had at least one cardiac anomaly; among these patients, supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) was diagnosed in 18 patients (18/25, 72%) and 6 of them had complex abnormalities. Patent ductus arteriosus was diagnosed in 3 patients (3/25, 12%, 1 was associated with other malformations), isolated pulmonary stenosis in 1 patient (1/25, 4%), isolated coarctation of aorta in 2 patients (2/25, 8%), and hypertension in 2 patients (2/25, 8%), mild aortic regurgitation in 2 patients, mild mitral regurgitation and moderate mitral regurgitation in 3 patients respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A detailed cardiac evaluation should be performed in all patients with Williams syndrome due to the high frequency of cardiovascular abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Chun-hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Zheng-yan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jian-bin
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yu-feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Fang-qi
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Gong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D021921:Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D018376:Cardiovascular Abnormalities / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018980:Williams Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D055815:Young Adult