title: Increasing prevalence of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive isolates of Clostridium difficile in Korea: impact on laboratory diagnosis.
abstract: Of 462 Korean Clostridium difficile isolates, 77.5% were toxin B positive but 21.4% were toxin A negative (A(-) B(+)). The binary toxin gene was detected in nine isolates. A higher fluoroquinolone resistance of A(-) B(+) strains may contribute to the increase of these strains. Toxin A detection alone may underdiagnose C. difficile-associated disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Heejung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Thomas V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Myungsook
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chang Ki
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dongeun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.forename: Kyungwon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yunsop
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Jong-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; C041348:tcdA protein, Clostridium difficile; C031815:toxB protein, Clostridium difficile