title: [Characteristics of the stomatognathic system of mouth breathing children: anthroposcopic approach].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  the use of anthroposcopy in the assessment of posture and morphology of the stomatognathic system of mouth breathing children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to describe the postural and morphologic characteristics of the stomatognathic system of mouth breathing children, according to age.
  
  
  METHODS
  participants were 100 children, of both genders, with ages ranging from 7 to 11 years and 11 months, leukoderms, in mixed dentition and with the diagnosis of mouth breathing. The investigated postural and morphologic characteristics of the stomatognathic system were labial and lingual resting position, possibility of labial occlusion, hyperfunction of the mentalis muscle during labial occlusion, bite and morphology of the lower lip, cheeks and hard palate, using the anthroposcopy methodology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the results referring to the characterization of the studied population, according to the most frequent otorhinolaryngologic diagnosis, was of enlarged pharyngeal and palatine tonsils. A statistically significant difference was found between the percentages of each otorhinolaryngologic diagnosis, according to age. The results of the characteristics of the stomatognathic system indicated that the most common aspects in the studied sample were: half-open lips when in the resting position, tongue lowered on the mouth's floor in the resting position, possibility of labial occlusion, hyperfunction of the mentalis muscle during labial occlusion, alterations of bite, labioverted, symmetry of the cheeks and alteration of the hard palate. All of the studied characteristics presented the same frequency with the increase in age, with no statistically significant difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  mouth breathing children presented pathologic adaptations in the postural and morphological characteristics of the stomatognathic system. This suggests the importance of early diagnosis in order to avoid orofacial alterations.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo. dmcattoni@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Débora Martins
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cattoni
authors.forename: Fernanda Dreux Miranda
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Renata Cantisani
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Di Francesco
authors.forename: Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira
authors.initials: Mdo R
authors.lastname: Latorre
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009058:Mouth Breathing / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013284:Stomatognathic System / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014059:Tongue / Q000502:physiology