title: Training residents in hypospadias repair: variations of involvement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypospadias repair is a complex and seminal procedure that has defined the subspecialty of pediatric urology. We sought to determine the degree of training and opinions regarding the need for fellowship training to achieve necessary competence in hypospadias repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  An electronic survey was sent to 518 urology residents and recent graduates, and to 168 practicing pediatric urologists. Nonresponders were resent the survey 2 additional times. The survey consisted of basic questions on level of training or years in practice. Residents and practicing pediatric urologists were asked about the level of resident participation for each step of the hypospadias procedure, and opinions on the necessity of fellowship training. Data were analyzed for statistical differences with Wilcoxon rank sum and multiple and logistic regression tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surveys were completed by 89 pediatric urologists and 208 urology residents or recent graduates (response rate 53% and 40%, respectively). Approximately 70% of residents and attending physicians report that less than 50% of the overall hypospadias procedure is performed by the resident. There appears to be agreement between residents and attending physicians regarding the perceived amount of resident participation for all steps of the procedure except glanular mobilization. Additionally, 71% of residents and 86% of attending physicians believe that a pediatric fellowship is necessary to perform hypospadias surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of residents and attending physicians report limited resident participation in hypospadias surgery. Residents and attending physicians have significant agreement on perceived participation. Our data do not corroborate the program data regarding the role of urology residents in hypospadias repair. The majority of residents and pediatric urologists believe specialized training is required to perform hypospadias surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California, Davis Children's Hospital, Sacramento, California, USA.
authors.forename: Sean M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: DeLair
authors.forename: Stacy T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Stanley A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kurzrock
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005257:Fellowships and Scholarships; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000193:education* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data