title: Tuberin haploinsufficiency is associated with the loss of OGG1 in rat kidney tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is caused by defects in one of two tumor suppressor genes, TSC-1 or TSC-2. TSC-2 gene encodes tuberin, a protein involved in the pathogenesis of kidney tumors. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the TSC2 locus has been detected in TSC-associated renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and in RCC in the Eker rat. Tuberin downregulates the DNA repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase (OGG1) with important functional consequences, compromising the ability of cells to repair damaged DNA resulting in the accumulation of the mutagenic oxidized DNA, 8-oxo-dG. Loss of function mutations of OGG1 also occurs in human kidney clear cell carcinoma and may contribute to tumorgenesis. We investigated the distribution of protein expression and the activity of OGG1 and 8-oxo-dG and correlated it with the expression of tuberin in kidneys of wild type and Eker rats and tumor from Eker rat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tuberin expression, OGG1 protein expression and activity were higher in kidney cortex than in medulla or papilla in both wild type and Eker rats. On the other hand, 8-oxo-dG levels were highest in the medulla, which expressed the lowest levels of OGG1. The basal levels of 8-oxo-dG were also higher in both cortex and medulla of Eker rats compared to wild type rats. In kidney tumors from Eker rats, the loss of the second TSC2 allele is associated with loss of OGG1 expression. Immunostaining of kidney tissue shows localization of tuberin and OGG1 mainly in the cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that OGG1 localizes with tuberin preferentially in kidney cortex. Loss of tuberin is accompanied by the loss of OGG1 contributing to tumorgenesis. In addition, the predominant expression of OGG1 in the cortex and its decreased expression and activity in the Eker rat may account for the predominant cortical localization of renal cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: O'Brien Kidney Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. habib@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: Samy L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Habib
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simone
authors.forename: Jeff J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Hanna E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Abboud
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000818:Animals; D045647:DNA Glycosylases / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D006238:Haploidy; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D021381:Protein Transport; D051381:Rats; D011922:Rats, Mutant Strains; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C000624653:TSC2 protein, human; C000624655:Tsc2 protein, rat; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D045647:DNA Glycosylases; C483741:OGG1 protein, rat; D003849:Deoxyguanosine