title: Web-based self-help for problem drinkers: a pragmatic randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Self-help interventions for adult problem drinkers in the general population have proved effective. The question is whether this also holds for self-help interventions delivered over the internet.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a pragmatic randomized trial with two parallel groups, using block randomization stratified for gender and with follow-up at 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intervention and trial were conducted online in the Netherlands in 2003-2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected 261 adult problem drinkers from the general population with a weekly alcohol consumption above 210 g of ethanol for men or 140 g for women, or consuming at least 60 g (men) or 40 g (women) at least 1 day a week over the past 3 months. Participants were randomized to either the experimental drinking less (DL) condition or to the control condition (PBA).
  
  
  METHODS
  DL is a web-based, multi-component, interactive self-help intervention for problem drinkers without therapist guidance. The recommended treatment period is 6 weeks. The intervention is based on cognitive-behavioural and self-control principles. The control group received access to an online psychoeducational brochure on alcohol use (PBA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the following outcome measures at 6-month follow-up: (i) the percentage of participants who had reduced their drinking levels to within the normative limits of the Dutch guideline for low-risk drinking; and (ii) the reduction in mean weekly alcohol consumption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At follow-up, 17.2% of the intervention group participants had reduced their drinking successfully to within the guideline norms; in the control group this was 5.4% [odds ratio (OR) = 3.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-10.8; P = 0.006; number needed to treat (NNT) = 8.5]. The intervention subjects decreased their mean weekly alcohol consumption significantly more than control subjects, with a difference of 12.0 standardized units (95% CI 5.9-18.1; P < 0.001; standardized mean difference 0.40).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge this is one of the first randomized controlled trials on a web-based self-help intervention without therapist guidance for self-referred problem drinkers among the adult general population. The intervention showed itself to be effective in reducing problem drinking in the community.
authors.affiliation: Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands. hriper@trimbos.nl
authors.forename: Heleen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Riper
authors.forename: Jeannet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Conijn
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schippers
authors.forename: Pim
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cuijpers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome