title: Phage inactivation of foodborne pathogens on cooked and raw meat.
abstract: Phages infecting Salmonella Typhimurium PT160 and Campylobacter jejuni were added at a low or high (10 or 10(4)) multiplicity of infection (MOI) to either low or high (<100 or 10(4)cm(-2)) densities of host bacteria inoculated onto raw and cooked beef, and incubated at 5 and 24 degrees C to simulate refrigerated and room temperature storage. Counts of host bacteria were made throughout the incubation period, with phages being counted at the first and last sampling times. Host inactivation was variable and depended on the incubation conditions and food type. Significant host inactivations of the order of 2-3 log(10)cm(-2) at 5 degrees C and >5.9 log(10)cm(-2) at 24 degrees C were achieved compared to phage-free controls using the Salmonella phage under optimal conditions (high host cell density and MOI). These results alongside those already published indicate that phages may be useful in the control for foodborne pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Food Safety Programme, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Christchurch Science Centre, 27 Creyke Road, P.O. Box 29-181, Ilam, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bigwood
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Billington
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Carey-Smith
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Heinemann
mesh_terms: D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000502:physiology*; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000254:growth & development*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000254:growth & development*; D013696:Temperature