title: Development of a reaction-limited model of dissolution: application to official dissolution tests experiments.
abstract: A reaction-limited model for drug dissolution is developed assuming that the reaction at the solid-liquid interface is controlling the rate of dissolution. The dissolution process is considered as a bidirectional chemical reaction of the undissolved drug species with the free solvent molecules, yielding the dissolved species of drug complex with solvent. This reaction was considered in either sink conditions, where it corresponds to the unidirectional case and the entire amount of the drug is dissolved, or reaching chemical equilibrium, which corresponds to saturation of the solution. The model equation was fitted successfully to dissolution data sets of naproxen and nitrofurantoin formulations measured in the paddle and basket apparatuses, respectively, under various experimental conditions. For comparative purposes these data were also analyzed using three functions based on the diffusion layer model. All functions failed to reveal the governing role of saturation solubility in the dissolution process associated with the diffusion layer model when the conditions for the valid estimation of saturation solubility, established theoretically in this study, were met by the experimental set up employed. Overall, the model developed provides an interesting alternative to the classic approaches of drug dissolution modeling, quantifying the case of reaction-limited dissolution of drugs.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dokoumetzidis
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Papadopoulou
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valsami
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Macheras
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009288:Naproxen / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D009582:Nitrofurantoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D012015:Reference Standards; D012995:Solubility; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D013607:Tablets; D009288:Naproxen; D009582:Nitrofurantoin