A citywide protocol for primary PCI in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
BACKGROUND
If primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is performed promptly, the procedure is superior to fibrinolysis in restoring flow to the infarct-related artery in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The benchmark for a timely PCI intervention has become a door-to-balloon time of less than 90 minutes. Whether regional strategies can be developed to achieve this goal is uncertain.


METHODS
We developed an integrated-metropolitan-area approach in which all patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction were referred to a specialized center for primary PCI. We sought to determine whether there was a difference in door-to-balloon times between patients who were referred directly from the field by paramedics trained in the interpretation of electrocardiograms and patients who were referred by emergency department physicians.


RESULTS
Between May 1, 2005, and April 30, 2006, a total of 344 consecutive patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction were referred for primary PCI: 135 directly from the field and 209 from emergency departments. Primary PCI was performed in 93.6% of patients. The median door-to-balloon time was shorter in patients referred from the field (69 minutes; interquartile range, 43 to 87) than in patients needing interhospital transfer (123 minutes; interquartile range, 101 to 153; P<0.001). Door-to-balloon times of less than 90 minutes were achieved in 79.7% of patients who were transferred from the field and in 11.9% of those transferred from emergency departments (P<0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Guideline door-to-balloon-times were more often achieved when trained paramedics independently triaged and transported patients directly to a designated primary PCI center than when patients were referred from emergency departments.
Le May
Michel R
MR
University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada. mlemay@ottawaheart.ca
So
Derek Y
DY
Dionne
Richard
R
Glover
Chris A
CA
Froeschl
Michael P V
MP
Wells
George A
GA
Davies
Richard F
RF
Sherrard
Heather L
HL
Maloney
Justin
J
Marquis
Jean-François
JF
O'Brien
Edward R
ER
Trickett
John
J
Poirier
Pierre
P
Ryan
Sheila C
SC
Ha
Andrew
A
Joseph
Phil G
PG
Labinaz
Marino
M
D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000592:standards*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002985:Clinical Protocols / Q000592:standards*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000592:standards*; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D010360:Patient Transfer / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000592:standards; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014218:Triage; D019037:Urban Health Services / Q000592:standards