title: Complications of laser ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively and prospectively determine the rate and type of complications and their association with clinical or technical factors after percutaneous laser ablation (LA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The institutional research board of each center approved the study and all patients provided informed consent. By using an Internet liver tumor database of nine Italian centers, 520 patients were included with HCC nodules of any size (small, 0-3 cm; intermediate, >3-5 cm; large, >5 cm). Postprocedural complications were related to clinical or percutaneous LA factors by using the Student t and chi(2) tests. Follow-up was carried out with computed tomography (CT) at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, and primary effectiveness rate was defined as the percentage of HCCs completely ablated after percutaneous LA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 353 men and 147 women (age range, 24-86 years; Child-Pugh score A = 63.4%, B = 30.8%, C = 5.9%) with 647 nodules (mean diameter, 3.2 cm +/- 1.7) were treated by 1004 percutaneous LA sessions. There were four (0.8%) deaths in 520 patients; 15 (1.5%) of 1004 sessions presented major complications without any seeding. Major complications were associated with excess energy (10 520 J +/- 7073 vs 7474 J +/- 3803; P = .001) and high-risk location (P = .05). Sixty-two (6.2%) sessions resulted in minor complications associated with excess energy (P = .001), high bilirubin level (1.74 mg/dL +/- 1.10), and low prothrombin time (P = .01). Primary effectiveness rates were 60% in all HCCs and 81% in HCCs smaller than 3 cm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous LA may be considered a safe treatment for small HCCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Maggiore Hospital, Largo B. Nigrisoli 2, 40133 Bologna, Italy. vincenzo.arienti@unibo.it
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arienti
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pretolani
authors.forename: Claudio Maurizio
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pacella
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Magnolfi
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caspani
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Francica
authors.forename: Angelo Salomone
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Megna
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Regine
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sponza
authors.forename: Ettore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Antico
authors.forename: Francesca Marta Lilja
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Di Lascio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000601:surgery*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed