title: Rarity of bacterial and viral meningitis in areas of Western Greece with fewer than 2,000 inhabitants.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to compare the incidence of childhood meningitis in regions with fewer than 2,000 inhabitants (rural regions) and regions with more than 2,000 inhabitants (urban regions) in the prefecture of Achaia in Western Greece during 1991-2005. Included were all 555 children hospitalized for meningitis. The criteria for bacterial meningitis were (i) positive blood/cerebralspinal fluid (CSF) culture, Gram stain, or latex agglutination and/or (ii) increased beta-glucuronidase in CSF. In case of suspected bacterial meningitis, the following findings were considered: compatible clinical and laboratory findings, and whether or not a cure was achieved with antibiotic treatment and finally resulted in negative cultures. In cases of suspected viral meningitis, compatible clinical and laboratory findings were considered, together with observation of a cure without antibiotic treatment. Only 28 of 555 meningitis patients were from rural regions. The incidence per 10,000 children in rural and urban regions, respectively, was as follows: meningitis, 1.13 and 8.99; bacterial meningitis, 0.16 and 2.40; suspected bacterial meningitis, 0.52 and 3.00; and viral meningitis, 0.44 and 3.58. The incidence ratio for bacterial, suspected bacterial, and viral meningitis in urban versus rural regions was 14.85, 5.72, and 8.10, respectively. Only 2 of the 79 cases with a confirmed causative pathogen came from rural regions. In conclusion, compared to those living in urban regions, children living in rural regions are relatively spared from bacterial and viral meningitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Shool of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Giannakopoulos
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leotsinidis
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diamantopoulos
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makrakis
authors.forename: Aikaterini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ellina
authors.forename: Agelos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giannakopoulos
authors.forename: Dimitris A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Papanastasiou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D008587:Meningitis, Viral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D005966:Glucuronidase