title: Response of antioxidant enzymes in coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) plants under cadmium stress.
abstract: Cadmium (Cd) contamination of aquatic systems is of major concern since it is a nonessential element and hampers plant growth upon accumulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the Cd accumulation behavior of coontail plant, Ceratophyllum demersum L., toxicity induced and response of the antioxidant system. Plants were exposed to various concentrations of Cd (0-10 microM) for a period of 1-7 days. Accumulation of Cd was found to be a concentration duration dependent phenomenon. The maximum accumulation of Cd, 1293 microg g(-1) dw, was observed after 7 days at 10 microM. Plants showed significant stimulation of the activities of various antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), guaiacol peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), and glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) and tolerated toxicity of Cd up to moderate concentration of 5 microM. At 10 microM exposure, enzyme activities declined and plants experienced toxicity, which was evident by the significant decrease in the photosynthetic pigments and by increase in the levels of H(2)O(2), lipid peroxidation and ion leakage. In conclusion, modulation of antioxidant system in a coordinated manner in response to Cd accumulation appears to help plants tolerate toxicity of Cd up to 5 microM.
authors.affiliation: Ecotoxicology and Bioremediation Group, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, India.
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Sudhakar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Shukla
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002338:Carotenoids; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010544:Peroxidases; C121048:guaiacol peroxidase; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase