title: Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions for general practice patients with problematic drinking behavior and comorbid anxiety or depressive disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brief interventions (BIs) are effective methods to reduce problematic drinking. It is not known, if the effectiveness of BI differs between patients with or without comorbid depression or anxiety disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized controlled BI study with two intervention groups and one control condition, data were collected from 408 general practice (GP) patients with alcohol use disorders, at-risk drinking or binge drinking. 88 participants were diagnosed with comorbid anxiety and/or depressive disorders. The effectiveness of BI was assessed at a 12-month follow-up in relation to the presence and absence of comorbidity. Reduction of drinking in six ordered categories (g/alcohol) between baseline and follow-up served as the outcome variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BI were significantly related to reduction of drinking in the non-comorbid (-2.64 g/alcohol vs. -8.61 g/alcohol; p=.03) but not in the comorbid subsample (-22.06 g/alcohol vs. -22.09 g/alcohol; p=.76). Compared to non-comorbid participants, a significantly higher reduction of drinking was found for comorbid individuals (-6.55 g/alcohol vs. -22.08 g/alcohol; p=.01). An ordinal regression analysis revealed comorbidity to be a positive predictor for reduction of drinking (estimator=.594; CI=.175-1.013; p<.01). When entering the variables amount of drinking at baseline, intervention and classification of problematic drinking, these became significant predictors, whereas comorbidity showed only a tendency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BI did not significantly effect a reduction of drinking in comorbid patients. As BI are known to be less effective for dependent drinkers, a larger proportion of dependents among the comorbid might have limited the effectiveness of BI. Future studies with larger sample sizes of comorbid problem drinkers are necessary to confirm the results.
authors.affiliation: University of Lübeck, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Research Group S:TEP (Substance Abuse: Treatment, Epidemiology and Prevention), Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany. Janina.Grothues@psychiatrie.uk-sh.de
authors.forename: Janina M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Grothues
authors.forename: Gallus
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bischof
authors.forename: Susa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: Hans-Jürgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Rumpf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D000465:Algorithms; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013997:Time Factors