[Genetic regulation of the biosynthesis of steroid hormones].
Steroid hormones play the critical roles in human. Glucocorticoid is indispensable for the life. Mineralocorticoid regulates the balance of electrolytes. Androgen and estrogen are necessary for sexual development. In the biosynthesis of steroid hormone, many cytochrome P450 enzymes and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases work. P450 enzymes catalyze the hydroxylation and cleavage of the steroid substrate. They function as monooxygenases utilizing NADPH as the electron donor for the reduction of molecular oxygen. The hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases belong to the short-chain alcoholdehydrogenase reductase superfamily. They are involved in the reduction and oxidation of steroid hormones requiring NAD+/NADP+ as acceptors. Most genes and genetic regulation of these enzymes have been clarified. This review presents a description of the enzymes and the genes involved in the biosynthesis of active steroid hormones.
Nakagawa
Yuichi
Y
Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine.
Ohzeki
Takehiko
T
D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006728:Hormones / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
D006728:Hormones; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases