title: Uses of coercion in addiction treatment: clinical aspects.
abstract: Coerced or involuntary treatment comprises an integral, often positive component of treatment for addictive disorders. By the same token, coercion in health care raises numerous ethical, clinical, legal, political, cultural, and philosophical issues. In order to apply coerced care effectively, health care professionals should appreciate the indications, methods, advantages, and liabilities associated with this important clinical modality. An expert panel, consisting of the Addiction Committee of the Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry, listed the issues to be considered by clinicians in considering coerced treatment. In undertaking this task, they searched the literature using Pubmed from 1985 to 2005 using the following search terms: addiction, alcohol, coercion, compulsory, involuntary, substance, and treatment. In addition, they utilized relevant literature from published reports. In the treatment of addictions, coercive techniques can be effective and may be warranted in some circumstances. Various dimensions of coercive treatment are reviewed, including interventions to initiate treatment; contingency contracting and urine testing in the context of psychotherapy; and pharmacological methods of coercion such as disulfiram, naltrexone, and the use of a cocaine vaccine. The philosophical, historical, and societal aspects of coerced treatment are considered.
authors.affiliation: Columbia College of Physicians & Surgeons/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA. sulliva@pi.cpmc.columbia.edu
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Birkmayer
authors.forename: Beth K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Boyarsky
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Frances
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fromson
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galanter
authors.forename: Frances R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: Collins
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Edgar P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Nace
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Suchinsky
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Tamerin
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tolliver
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Westermeyer
mesh_terms: D003068:Coercion; D003469:Culture; D004358:Drug Therapy; D005006:Ethnicity; D006801:Humans; D037141:Mandatory Programs / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014481:United States