title: Suppression of host photosynthesis by the parasitic plant Rhinanthus minor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Parasitism is well understood to have wide-ranging deleterious effects on host performance in species thus far characterized. Photosynthetic performance reductions have been noted in the Striga-Zea mays association; however, no such information exists for facultative hemiparasitic plants and their hosts, nor are the effects of host species understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chlorophyll fluorimetry was used to study the effects of parasitism by the hemiparasite Rhinanthus minor on the grass Phleum bertolinii and the forb Plantago lanceolata, and the effects of host species on the photosynthetic apparatus of R. minor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parasitism by Rhinanthus led to a significant decrease in the host, and total (host + parasite) biomass in Phleum; however, in Plantago, no significant repression of growth was noted. Maximum quantum yield (F(v)/F(m)) was reduced in parasitized Plantago, relative to control plants, but not in Phleum. F(v)/F(m) was significantly lower in R. minor parasitizing Phleum than Plantago, suggesting Phleum to be a superior host to Plantago for R. minor. Steady-state quantum yield (Phi(PSII)) was significantly depressed in parasitized Phleum, but only at low irradiances in Plantago. Phi(PSII) was very low for R. minor grown on Plantago, but not Phleum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shown here is the first evidence of the suppression of host photosynthesis by a facultative hemiparasitic plant, which has significant effects on total biomass production. Host identity is a significant factor in parasite success, with the forb Plantago lanceolata exhibiting apparent chemical as well as previously identified physical defences to parasitism. It is proposed that the electron transport rate (as denoted by Phi(PSII)) represents the limiting factor for biomass accumulation in this system, and that Plantago is able to suppress the growth of Rhinanthus by suppressing the electron transport rate.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Science (Plant and Soil Science), University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Old Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK.
authors.forename: Duncan D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: Jean-Michelle
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Geniez
authors.forename: Wendy E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Seel
authors.forename: Louis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Irving
mesh_terms: D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000502:physiology; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D031784:Phleum / Q000378:metabolism*; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D010943:Plantago / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002734:Chlorophyll