title: Body size, gender, and transfusions as determinants of outcome after coronary operations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Small body size, female gender, and transfusions are traditionally considered morbidity and mortality risk factors in coronary surgery. Because these clinical conditions are interrelated, we designed a study to investigate their respective roles in determining adverse outcomes after coronary operations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study on 4,546 consecutive patients who underwent coronary surgery was performed. The outcome (hospital mortality and length of stay in the intensive care unit) was evaluated according to body surface area, gender, and the presence of allogeneic blood transfusions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Female gender is not a risk factor for hospital mortality or prolonged intensive care unit stay. Small body surface area in men and large body surface area in women are associated with a prolonged intensive care unit stay. Transfusions are independent risk factors for both mortality and prolonged intensive care unit stay. Fresh-frozen plasma and platelet transfusion carry a higher mortality risk (odds ratio, 12) than transfusions of packed red blood cells (odds ratio, 5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female gender and small body surface area are associated with severe intraoperative hemodilution, and this may trigger blood transfusions, which are true determinants of adverse outcomes. A large body surface area in women is frequently associated with obesity (68%) and may prolong the intensive care unit stay, whereas it is not a risk factor in men. Conversely, a small body surface area is accompanied by a prolonged intensive care unit stay in men but not in women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic-Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico S. Donato, Milan, Italy. cardioanestesia@virgilio.it
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ranucci
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pazzaglia
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bianchini
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bozzetti
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Isgrò
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality*; D001827:Body Height; D049628:Body Size; D001830:Body Surface Area; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality*; D003325:Coronary Care Units; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D011336:Probability; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome