The VHL tumor suppressor and HIF: insights from genetic studies in mice.
The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene product, pVHL, functions as the substrate recognition component of an E3-ubiquitin ligase, which targets the oxygen-sensitive alpha-subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) for rapid proteasomal degradation under normoxic conditions and as such plays a central role in molecular oxygen sensing. Mutations in pVHL can be found in familial and sporadic clear cell carcinomas of the kidney, hemangioblastomas of the retina and central nervous system, and pheochromocytomas, underscoring its gatekeeper function in the pathogenesis of these tumors. Tissue-specific gene targeting of VHL in mice has demonstrated that efficient execution of pVHL-mediated HIF proteolysis under normoxia is fundamentally important for survival, proliferation, differentiation and normal physiology of many cell types, and has provided novel insights into the biological function of individual HIF transcription factors. In this review, we discuss the role of HIF in the development of the VHL phenotype.
Kapitsinou
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PP
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Haase
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VH
D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005838:Genotype; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006623:von Hippel-Lindau Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1
D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1; C494469:VHL protein, mouse