title: Corpus callosum in adolescent offspring exposed prenatally to maternal cigarette smoking.
abstract: Teratogens, such as alcohol or anti-epileptic drugs, affect the size of the corpus callosum. Here we report findings obtained in a case-control study that investigated possible effects of teratogens contained in cigarette smoke on the size and structural properties of this structure. We recruited and scanned with magnetic resonance imaging a total of 408 adolescents (12 to 18 years of age); a subsample of 300 adolescents is considered in this report. Cases (n=146) were exposed to maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy; non-exposed controls (n=154) were matched to cases by maternal education. We measured the size of corpus callosum (CC) and its sections (corrected for brain size), as well as mean values of magnetization-transfer ratio (MTR) in each CC section. Corpus callosum, and especially its posterior part, was smaller in the exposed vs. non-exposed female adolescents; no significant effects were found in males. Exposed and non-exposed subjects did not differ in the MTR-based index of myelination in either gender in any CC section. Given the lack of exposure effect on the myelination index, this finding might reflect a lower number of inter-hemispheric connections in female offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Brain and Body Centre, University of Nottingham, UK; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: tomas.paus@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paus
authors.affiliation: Brain and Body Centre, University of Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nawazkhan
authors.affiliation: Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.affiliation: Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Groupe ECOBES, CEGEP Jonquiere, Jonquiere, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perron
authors.affiliation: Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Pike
authors.affiliation: Brain and Body Centre, University of Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pitiot
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Richer
authors.affiliation: Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Groupe ECOBES, CEGEP Jonquiere, Jonquiere, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Veillette
authors.affiliation: Brain and Body Centre, University of Nottingham, UK; Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pausova
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012907:Smoking