title: Percutaneous image-guided splenic biopsy in the oncology patient: an audit of 156 consecutive cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety and diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous image-guided splenic biopsy in patients known to have or suspected of having malignancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from all image-guided splenic biopsies performed at a single institution from January 1992 to March 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. One hundred fifty-six splenic biopsies were performed in 147 patients (78 male and 69 female patients; mean age, 54.9 years; age range, 13-81 years). The most common indications for biopsy were suspected recurrent lymphoma (n = 101, 64.7%), suspected metastatic disease (n = 39, 25%), and unknown diagnosis (n = 16, 10.3%). All biopsies were performed with computed tomographic (n = 86), ultrasonographic (n = 68), or fluoroscopic (n = 2) guidance. Most biopsies (91%) were performed with 22-gauge needles, with a mean of 2.8 passes. The mean lesion size was 3.2 cm (range, 0.8-13 cm). Final diagnosis was confirmed with splenectomy (n = 39), histopathologic correlation with concurrent biopsy or surgical specimen (n = 52), or clinical or imaging follow-up ranging from 2 weeks to 14 years (n = 44). Complications were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sufficient tissue for pathologic analysis was obtained in 144 of the 156 biopsies (diagnostic yield, 92.3%). The overall sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were 83.4%, 87.8%, and 84.7%, respectively. Complications occurred in 26 biopsies (16.7%), with a 1.9% (n = 3) major complication rate and a 14.7% (n = 23) minor complication rate. Splenectomy was necessary in two patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Splenic biopsy in the evaluation of new or recurrent neoplasm is a minimally invasive procedure with low complication rates and a high diagnostic yield.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Interventional Radiology Section, University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
authors.forename: Alda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: Savitri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthy
authors.forename: Edmund P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Pillsbury
authors.forename: Joe E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ensor
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ahrar
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Marshall E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Madoff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013160:Splenic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional