title: Family member satisfaction with end-of-life decision making in the ICU.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Families of ICU patients may be at risk for increased psychological morbidity due to end-of-life decision making. The identification of chart-based quality indicators of palliative care that predict family satisfaction with decision making may help to guide interventions to improve decision making and family outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine patient and family characteristics and chart the documentation of processes of care that are associated with increased family satisfaction with end-of-life decision making for ICU patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cohort study of ICU patients dying in 10 medical centers in the Seattle-Tacoma area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcomes from family surveys included summary scores for family satisfaction with decision making and a single-item score that indicated feeling supported during decision making. Predictor variables were obtained from surveys and chart abstraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survey response rate was 41% (442 of 1,074 families responded). Analyses were conducted of 356 families with questionnaire and chart abstraction data. Family satisfaction with decision making was associated with the withdrawal of life support, and chart documentation of physician recommendations to withdraw life support, discussions of patients' wishes, and discussions of families' spiritual needs. Feeling supported during decision making was associated with the withdrawal of life support, spiritual care involvement, and chart documentation of physician recommendations to withdraw life support, expressions of families' wishes to withdraw life support, and discussions of families' spiritual needs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased family satisfaction with decision making is associated with withdrawing life support and the documentation of palliative care indicators including the following: physician recommendations to withdraw life support; expressions of patients' wishes; and discussions of families' spiritual needs. These findings provide direction for future studies to investigate approaches to improving family satisfaction in end-of-life decision making. In addition, because there were few nonwhites in this study, these results may not be generalizable to more diverse populations. Future studies should target diverse populations in order to test whether similar factors are similarly important for end-of-life decision making.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. cderuit1@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Cynthia J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gries
authors.forename: J Randall
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: Ruth A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Engelberg
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008020:Life Support Care / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D014861:Washington; D028761:Withholding Treatment