title: Augmentation of nasal tip projection using the inferior turbinate: review of technique and evaluation of long-term success.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To introduce the use of inferior turbinate bone as an alternative autograft for augmentation of nasal tip projection and to assess maintenance of nasal tip projection, bone remodeling, graft shaping, and ease of harvesting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen consecutive patients in need of increased nasal tip projection underwent closed rhinoplasty during a prospective nonrandomized study in a university teaching hospital setting. An autologous demucosalized inferior turbinate bone graft was used as a columellar strut. Measurements of nasal tip projection were obtained using the Goode ratio. Photodocumentation and lateral soft tissue radiographs were obtained before surgery and between 30 and 38 months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients, the results were as follows: (1) the inferior turbinate bone graft was easily harvested and molded into the appropriate-sized columellar strut; (2) the immediate postoperative nasal tip projection, as measured by the Goode ratio and visual assessment, was increased; and (3) the tip projections were maintained at the 30-month follow-up examination. Paired t tests revealed a statistically significant difference (P = .001 and P = .009) between preoperative and both immediate and long-term measurements. Comparison of immediate postoperative radiographs with those taken 2 years later demonstrated no remarkable change in appearance of the graft.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The interior turbinate bone is a viable graft for augmenting nasal tip projection. Moreover, it maintains tip projection and needs little to no remodeling. The graft is easy to harvest, prepare, and place and can be used without requiring a second operative site.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Westreich
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lawson
mesh_terms: D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014420:Turbinates / Q000637:transplantation*