title: [Concordance between clinical and pathological staging in patients with stages I or II non-small cell lung cancer subjected to surgical treatment].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare clinical and pathological staging in patients with non-small cell lung cancer submitted to surgical treatment, as well as to identify the causes of discordance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data related to patients treated at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul São Lucas Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were calculated for clinical stages IA, IB, and IIB. The kappa index was used to determine the concordance between clinical and pathological staging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 92 patients studied, 33.7% were classified as clinical stage IA, 50% as IB, and 16.3% as IIB. The concordance between clinical and pathological staging was 67.5% for stage IA, 54.3% for IB, and 66.6% for IIB. The accuracy of the clinical staging was greater for stage IA, and a kappa of 0.74, in this case, confirmed a substantial association with pathological staging. The difficulty in evaluating nodal metastatic disease is responsible for the low concordance in patients with clinical stage IB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concordance between clinical and pathological staging is low, and patients are frequently understaged (in the present study, only one case was overstaged). Strategies are necessary to improve clinical staging and, consequently, the treatment and prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Cirurgia Torácica, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. pedroreck78@gmail.com
authors.forename: Pedro Augusto Reck Dos
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Rodrigo Sponchiado da
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Maurício
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pipkin
authors.forename: Marner Lopes da
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cypel
authors.forename: Jayme Oliveira
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.forename: José Antonio Lopes de Figueiredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pinto
mesh_terms: D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008481:Mediastinoscopy / Q000592:standards; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000592:standards