title: Coronary sinus atresia and persistent left superior vena cava with the presence of thrombus complicating implantation of a left ventricular pacing lead.
abstract: A 68-year-old male with heart failure and a suitable candidate for resynchronization therapy was referred to our hospital because of a failed coronary sinus (CS) lead implant. Catheterization of the CS initially also failed in our department but a left coronary angiogram revealed atresia of the CS and drainage of the coronary venous system via a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC). Implantation of a CS lead through the PLSVC could be accomplished after a selective angiogram, even in spite of the presence of a large thrombus at the junction of PLSVC and CS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, Eindhoven, 5623 EJ, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stevenhagen
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Bracke
authors.forename: Berry M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: van Gelder
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000628:therapy; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D054326:Coronary Sinus / Q000002:abnormalities*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000002:abnormalities*