title: Effect of an 8-week endurance training program on markers of antioxidant capacity in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of endurance training and of exhaustive treadmill running on low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in women are not clearly established.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty training and 10 control persons, all not endurance trained, aged 26+/-4 and 23+/-3 years, were recruited for 8 weeks of running training 3x/week 30 min. The susceptibility of LDL to in vitro oxidation, conjugated dienes, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and cholesterol, lipoproteins, triglycerides, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apo B and lipoprotein (a) were determined before and after training, at rest and after exhaustive spiroergometric exercise. The training was tailored individually at the speed of the 4 mmol/L lactate threshold.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At rest and after treadmill running, training induced an increase in lag-time (P<0.05), a decrease in MDA (P<0.05), and lower values for cholesterol (P<0.001), LDL (P<0.01), triglycerides (P<0.05) and apo B (P<0.001), but no increase for high density lipoprotein (HDL) or apo A-I. Before training, treadmill running induced lower conjugated dienes and malondialdehyde, after training an increase for LDL and decrease for cholesterol and triglycerides, no increase for HDL or apo A-I. In the control group, all parameters remained unchanged, only NO lowered (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endurance training in women shows favorable effects on LDL oxidation, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and apo B.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. hans-christian.heitkamp@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Heitkamp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wegler
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Brehme
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heinle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D016552:Ergometry; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008074:Lipoproteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide