title: Prospective single-arm study of 72 Gy hyperfractionated radiation therapy and combination chemotherapy for anaplastic astrocytomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite intensive multimodal treatment, outcome of patients with malignant glioma remains poor, and a standard dose of radiotherapy for anaplastic astrocytoma has not been defined. In the past RTOG study (83-02), the arm of 72 Gy hyperfractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) for malignant gliomas showed better outcome than the arms of higher doses (76.8 - 81.6 Gy) and the arms of lower doses (48 - 54.4 Gy). The purpose of this study is to verify the efficacy of this protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 1995, 44 consecutive eligible patients with histologically proven anaplastic astrocytoma were enrolled in this study (HFRT group). The standard regimen in this protocol was post-operative radiotherapy of 72 Gy in 60 fractions (1.2 Gy/fraction, 2 fractions/day) with concurrent chemotherapy (weekly ACNU). The primary endpoint was local control rate (LCR), and the secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and late toxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three-year OS of the HFRT group was 64.8% (95% confidence interval; 48.4-81.3%). Three-year PFS rate and LCR were 64.4% (95%CI: 48.4-80.3%) and 81.6% (95%CI: 69.2-94.8%), respectively. The number of failures at 5 years in the HFRT group were 14 (32%). The number of failures inside the irradiation field was only about half (50%) of all failures. One (2%) of the patients clinically diagnosed as brain necrosis due to radiation therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggested that 72 Gy HFRT seemed to show favorable outcome for patients with anaplastic astrocytoma with tolerable toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. t.nomiya@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomiya
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumabe
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015376:Nimustine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015376:Nimustine