title: En bloc vascular resection for locally advanced pancreatic malignancies infiltrating major blood vessels: perioperative outcome and long-term survival in 136 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess in-hospital complication rates and survival duration after en bloc vascular resection (VR) for infiltration of pancreatic malignancies in major vessels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1994 and 2005, 585 patients underwent potentially curative pancreatic resection without adjuvant chemotherapy. Four hundred forty-nine patients (77%) underwent standard oncologic resection (VR-), whereas 136 (23%) received VR (VR+). For calculation of in-hospital morbidity and mortality rates, all 136 patients who underwent VR were considered. In contrast, for survival analysis, only pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients (n = 100) were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twenty-eight VR+ patients underwent portal or superior mesenteric vein resection and 13 hepatic artery (HA) or superior mesenteric artery (SMA) resection. In 5 patients, synchronous VR addressing both the mesenterico-portal axis and either the HA or SMA was performed. In-hospital morbidity and mortality rates of VR- patients (39.7%/4.0%) nearly equaled that of VR+ patients (40.3%/3.7%). From the 100 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, histopathology confirmed "true" vascular invasion in 77 patients. Twenty-three patients had peritumoral inflammation, mimicking tumor invasion. Median survival was 15 months (11.2-18.8) in patients with histopathologic proven vascular invasion and 16 months (14.0-17.9) in those without (P = 0.86). Two-year survival probabilities were 36% (without) versus 34% (with vascular invasion; P = 0.9). Among VR+ patients with histopathologically evidenced vascular invasion, 19 survived longer than 30 months, and 6 were still alive 5 years after surgery. Multivariate modeling identified nodal involvement (N1) and poor grading (G3) as the only predictors of decreased survival. Evidence of vascular invasion had no adverse impact on survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postoperative morbidity and mortality rates after en bloc VR are comparable with "standard" pancreatectomy procedures. Median survival of 15 months in patients with vascular invasion is superior to that of patients who undergo palliative therapy and nearly equals that of patients who are not in need for VR.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. yekebas@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Emre F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Yekebas
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bogoevski
authors.forename: Guellue
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cataldegirmen
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kunze
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: Yogesh K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Vashist
authors.forename: Paulus G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Schurr
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liebl
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thieltges
authors.forename: Karim A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Gawad
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Jakob R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Izbicki
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000601:surgery*; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000601:surgery*; D008642:Mesenteric Veins / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000379:methods; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*