title: Depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation and acne: a study of male Finnish conscripts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association among acne, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in Finnish male military conscripts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive 165 acne patients and 150 patients with mild knee symptoms for comparison were enrolled in the study conducted in the Central Military Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. They filled out the following questionnaires: General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The Leeds acne grading scale was used to estimate the severity of acne.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen (9.7%) acne patients and 20 (13.3%) comparison patients had at least moderate level of depressive symptoms (BDI score 10; P > 0.05, between groups). Suicidal ideation (BDI suicidal item score 1) was reported by 24 (14.5%) acne patients and 16 (10.7%) comparison patients (P > 0.05, between groups). When comparing the mild facial acne patients (Leeds score 0-3) with those with moderate-severe facial acne (Leeds score 4), there were no statistical differences in depressive symptoms (9.5% vs. 10.0%) or suicidal ideation (13.7% vs. 15.7%). No linear relationship was observed between the BDI and facial Leeds scores (P > 0.05). Risk factors for suicidal ideation among the acne patients were depression and alcohol risk use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young male patients with acne do not suffer more depressive symptoms or suicidal ideation than patients with mild knee symptoms, and the severity of acne is not associated with the presence of depressive symptoms. The risk factors for suicidal ideation among acne patients seem to be similar to those found in the general population.
authors.affiliation: Helsinki City Health Center, Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland. laura.rehn@hel.fi
authors.forename: L M H
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rehn
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meririnne
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Höök-Nikanne
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Isometsä
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henriksson
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000523:psychology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005387:Finland; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D012923:Social Class; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology*