title: A randomized comparison of primary closure and T-tube drainage of the common bile duct after laparoscopic choledochotomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Traditionally, the common bile duct (CBD) has been closed with T-tube drainage after laparoscopic choledochotomy and removal of CBD stones. However, insertion of the T-tube is related to some potential postoperative complications, and patients must carry the T-tube for several weeks before its removal. Primary closure of the CBD without drainage has been proposed as a safe alternative to T-tube placement after laparoscopic choledochotomy. This randomized study aimed to compare the postoperative course and final outcome between the two methods applied after LCBDE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2000 and January 2004, 80 patients treated with laparoscopic choledochotomy for CBD stones were randomly assigned to primary duct closure (n = 40) or T-tube drainage (n = 40). The primary end points were morbidity, operative time, postoperative stay, hospital expenses, and time until return to work.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in the demographic characteristics or clinical presentations between the two groups. In the primary closure group, the postoperative stay (5.2 +/- 2.2 vs 8.3 +/- 3.6 days) and the time until return to work (12.6 +/- 5.1 vs 20.4 +/- 13.2 days) were significantly shorter, the hospital expenses (8,638 +/- 2,946 vs 12,531 +/- 4,352 yuan) were significantly lower, and the incidences of postoperative complications (15% vs 27.5%) and biliary complications (10% vs 20%) were statistically and insignificantly lower than in the T-tube drainage group. In the primary closure group, six patients experienced postoperative complications, four of whom had biliary complications, compared, respectively, with 11 and 8 patients in the T-tube drainage group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that primary CBC closure after laparoscopic choledochotomy was a viable alternative to mandatory T-tube drainage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China. zld666@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Leida
authors.forename: Bie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ping
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shuguang
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001662:Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D004322:Drainage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D042882:Gallstones / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control