title: Vestibular Stimulation for ADHD: randomized controlled trial of Comprehensive Motion Apparatus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This research evaluates effects of vestibular stimulation by Comprehensive Motion Apparatus (CMA) in ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children ages 6 to 12 (48 boys, 5 girls) with ADHD were randomized to thrice-weekly 30-min treatments for 12 weeks with CMA, stimulating otoliths and semicircular canals, or a single-blind control of equal duration and intensity, each treatment followed by a 20-min typing tutorial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In intent-to-treat analysis (n = 50), primary outcome improved significantly in both groups (p = .0001, d = 1.09 to 1.30), but treatment difference not significant (p = .7). Control children regressed by follow-up (difference p = .034, d = 0.65), but overall difference was not significant (p = .13, d = .47). No measure showed significant treatment differences at treatment end, but one did at follow-up. Children with IQ-achievement discrepancy > or = 1 SD showed significantly more CMA advantage on three measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study illustrates the importance of a credible control condition of equal duration and intensity in trials of novel treatments. CMA treatment cannot be recommended for combined-type ADHD without learning disorder.
authors.affiliation: Ohio State University, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: L Eugene
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crowl
authors.forename: Hernan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bozzolo
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peruggia
authors.forename: Yaser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ramadan
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bornstein
authors.forename: Jill A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hollway
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Krista
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.forename: Kristy L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Sara B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Shelton
authors.forename: Dawn R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Bozzolo
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D012665:Semicircular Canals / Q000502:physiology; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000502:physiology*