title: [Airway and respiratory management for anesthesia in the patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For the management of general anesthesia in the patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities, airway and respiratory disorders are severe and may cause fatal events. We retrospectively examined these risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed adverse airway and respiratory events associated with anesthesia from perioperative and anesthetic records of these patients retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-one cases (31 were for fundoplication, and 10 were for gastrostomy or jejunostomy) were involved. On anesthetic introduction, in 9 cases tracheal intubation was difficult (failed in 1 case). These and other 4 cases had developed pharyngeal and laryngeal edema. Manual ventilation by facemask was successful in all cases. During the postoperative period, pneumonia (5 cases), pleural effusion (1 case), and apnea (2 cases) occurred unexpectedly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities belong to the group with high risk for general anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Kousuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: Tamie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hoshikawa
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwabuchi
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Kaneyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawamae
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies