title: The challenges of eliciting neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 and to influenza virus.
abstract: The ability to elicit broadly neutralizing antibody responses against HIV-1 is a crucial goal for a prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine. Here, we discuss the difficulties of achieving broad HIV-1 neutralization in the context of both the effective annual human influenza virus vaccine and the need to develop a pandemic influenza vaccine. Immunogen-design strategies are underway to target functionally conserved regions of the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins, and similar strategies might be applicable to pandemic influenza virus vaccine development. Efforts to develop broadly neutralizing vaccines against either HIV-1 or influenza virus might establish a paradigm for future vaccines against highly variable pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gunilla B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Karlsson Hedestam
authors.forename: Ron A M
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fouchier
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phogat
authors.forename: Dennis R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sodroski
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Wyatt
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D015195:Drug Design; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus