title: Cervical column morphology in patients with skeletal open bite.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine and compare the cervical column morphology in adult patients with skeletal open bite with the cervical column morphology of an adult control group with neutral occlusion and normal craniofacial morphology.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight open bite patients, 27 women, aged 17-39 years, and 11 males, aged 18-40 years were compared with 21 controls, 15 females, aged 23-40 years, and six males aged 25-44 years from profile radiographs.
  
  
  METHODS
  From each individual a visual assessment of the cervical column and angular measurements of the craniofacial dimensions were performed on profile radiographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the open bite group 42.1% had cervical column body fusion, and 13.2% had posterior arch deficiency. The fusion always occurred between C2 and C3. Cervical column deviations occurred significantly more often in the open bite group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Associations were found between fusions of the cervical column and maxillary retrognathia (p < 0.05), large maxillary inclination (p < 0.05) and large cranial base angle (p < 0.05). Associations were also found between posterior arch deficiency and maxillary retrognathia (p < 0.05) and cranial base angle (p < 0.05). The craniofacial parameter most important for the fusions and posterior arch deficiency was the maxillary retrognathia (p < 0.01, R (2) = 0.20; p < 0.05, R (2) = 0.26, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  - New associations between skeletal open bite and cervical column deviations are described. It is suggested that this knowledge is incorporated in future diagnostic and orthodontic treatment planning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark. lls@odont.ku.dk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sonnesen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kjaer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024343:Open Bite / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D011859:Radiography; D063173:Retrognathia / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D012737:Sex Factors; D019291:Skull Base / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014716:Vertical Dimension