title: alpha1beta2delta, a silent GABAA receptor: recruitment by tracazolate and neurosteroids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the alpha(1)beta(2)delta isoform of the GABA(A) receptor that is presumably expressed in the forebrain. The functional and pharmacological properties of this receptor combination are largely unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We expressed alpha(1)beta(2)delta GABA(A) receptors in Xenopus laevis oocytes. GABA-activated currents, in the presence and absence of modulators, were recorded using the two-electrode voltage clamp technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The alpha(1)beta(2)delta isoform of the GABA(A) receptor exhibited an extremely small GABA-mediated current. Tracazolate increased the current amplitude evoked by a half-maximal concentration (EC(50)) of GABA by 59-fold. The maximum current was increased 23-fold in the presence of a saturating GABA concentration. Concomitant with the increase in the maximum, was a 4-fold decrease in the EC(50). Finally, a mutation in the second transmembrane domain of the delta subunit that increases receptor efficacy (L286S), eliminated the increase in the maximum GABA-activated current. The endogenous neurosteroid, tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC), also decreased the EC(50) and increased the maximum current amplitude, although to a lesser degree than that of tracazolate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken all together, these findings indicate that the small GABA-mediated currents in the absence of the modulator are due to a low efficacy for activation. In the absence of modulators, alpha(1)beta(2)delta GABA receptors would be effectively silent and therefore contribute little to inhibition in the CNS. In the presence of tracazolate or endogenous neurosteroids however, this particular receptor isoform could exert a profound inhibitory influence on neuronal activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zheleznova
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sedelnikova
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003900:Desoxycorticosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004594:Electrophysiology; D015870:Gene Expression; D009865:Oocytes; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D021122:Protein Subunits; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014982:Xenopus laevis; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D021122:Protein Subunits; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D003900:Desoxycorticosterone; C009413:tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; C034317:tracazolate