title: Polyorchidism: presentation of 2 cases, review of the literature and a new management strategy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present 2 cases with polyorchidism, to review the literature about polyorchidism, and to propose a rational therapeutic algorithm.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our institution, we encountered 2 patients with polyorchidism: The 1st patient had bilateral double testis with testicular torsion, and the 2nd patient presented with an indolent scrotal mass. We also performed a literature search (PubMed) for other reports of polyorchidism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Polyorchidism is a rare congenital anomaly that is not well known by most urologists. So far, as illustrated by our 2 cases, the management of polyorchidism is rarely conservative, and usually the supernumerary testis is removed without any evidence supporting this attitude. Rare cases are complicated by torsion (case 1), cryptorchidism, or testicular neoplasm. In case of torsion, the conservative approach depends on the viability of the twisted testis. In case of cryptorchidism, notably in children or young adults, conservative management should be proposed, if technically feasible. In case of signs of malignancy, orchiectomy must be performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conservative treatment is advised in all uncomplicated cases. Complicated cases need a careful management, but several situations can be managed conservatively. Based on the literature, we propose a simple, rational therapeutic algorithm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Andrology, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khedis
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nohra
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dierickx
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walschaerts
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soulié
authors.forename: Patrick F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Thonneau
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Plante
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huyghe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000175:diagnosis; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013737:Testis / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology*; D014572:Urology / Q000379:methods*