title: Human CD34+ stem cells produce bone nodules in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to select and provide enough stem cells for quick transplantation in bone engineering procedures, avoiding any in vitro expansion step.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dental germ pulp, collected from 25 healthy subjects aged 13-20 years, were subjected to magnetic-activated cell sorting to select a CD34(+) stem cell population capable of differentiating into pre-osteoblasts. These cells were allowed to adhere to an absorbable polylactic-coglycolic acid scaffold for 30 min, without any prior expansion, and the CD34(+) cell-colonized scaffolds were then transplanted into immunocompromised rats, subcutaneously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 60 days, analysis of recovered transplants revealed that they were formed of nodules of bone, of the same dimensions as the original scaffold. Bone-specific proteins were detected by immunofluorescence, within the nodules, and X-ray diffraction patterns revealed characteristic features of bone. In addition, presence of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule and von Willebrand factor immunoreactivity were suggestive of neo-angiogenesis and neovasculogenesis taking place within nodules. Importantly, these vessels were HLA-1(+) and, thus, clearly human in origin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that CD34(+) cells obtained from dental pulp can be used for engineering bone, without the need for prior culture expanding procedures. Using autologous stem cells, this schedule could be used to provide the basis for bone regenerative surgery, with limited sacrifice of tissue, low morbidity at the collection site, and significant reduction in time needed for clinical recovery.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione Istologia ed Embriologia, TESLab, Secondo Ateneo di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Graziano
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: d'Aquino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Proto
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Giuliano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pirozzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Rosa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Di Napoli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Papaccio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002469:Cell Separation; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34