title: Simultaneous determination of citalopram, fluoxetine and their main metabolites in human urine samples by solid-phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: A liquid chromatography method was developed for the determination of some frequently prescribed selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI) - citalopram and fluoxetine - and its main metabolites - demethylcitalopram, didemethylcitalopram and norfluoxetine - in human urine samples, using a previous stage of solid-phase microextraction. All the extraction parameters influencing adsorption (extraction time, temperature, pH, ion strength and organic modifier addition) and desorption (desorption time and desorption solvent mixture composition) of the analytes on the fiber have been studied. A satisfactory reproducibility for extraction from urine samples (R.S.D.<10%) was obtained. The linearity for urine ranged from 0.05 to 2 mg l(-1) with limits of detection close to 0.01 mg l(-1), which cover the typical urinary concentrations obtained for citalopram, fluoxetine and their metabolites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Unceta
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gómez-Caballero
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Millán
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sampedro
authors.forename: M Aránzazu
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Goicolea
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sallés
authors.forename: Ramón J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Barrio
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D015283:Citalopram / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine*; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: C514709:demethylcitalopram; D005473:Fluoxetine; D015283:Citalopram; C036139:norfluoxetine; C514710:didemethylcitalopram