title: Inferior vena cava involvement in renal cell carcinoma: comparison of survival rates between patients with thrombus and infiltration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 4-10% of cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), involvement of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is present. IVC involvement may be due to either a pure thrombus or tumor extension. This study indicates that there is no significant difference in survival rates between patients with thrombus and those with infiltration of the IVC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 84 patients who presented to our institution with RCC and IVC involvement and received surgical treatment between July 1973 and June 2006 were examined. The postoperative observation period was 120 months. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-one patients demonstrated thrombus involvement of the IVC, while the remaining 23 exhibited infiltration. Over the observation period, an average survival time of 64.0 months was observed. The median survival time was 35.2 months. No significant difference in survival rates was observed between patients with thrombus and those with malignant infiltration of the IVC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is stated in the contemporary literature that IVC infiltration is an important prognostic factor in cases of RCC. This study indicates that there is no significant difference in survival rates between patients with thrombus and those with infiltration of the IVC. Lymph node metastases and undifferentiated RCC remain the only important prognostic factors that have a significant influence on the general survival of a patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Erlangen Medical Center, Krankenhausstrasse 12, Erlangen, Germany. vahudin.zugor@uro.imed.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Vahudin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zugor
authors.forename: Apostolos P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Labanaris
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lausen
authors.forename: Lausen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berthold
authors.forename: Günter E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Schott
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior