title: Measurements of radiation level in petroleum products and wastes in Riyadh City Refinery.
abstract: Recent concern has been devoted to the hazard arising from naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in oil and gas facilities. Twenty-seven petroleum samples were collected from Riyadh Refinery. Fourteen samples were products and 13 were waste samples; three of them were scale samples and 10 were sludge samples. The specific radioactivities of (238)U, (232)Th, (226)Ra, (224)Ra, (40)K, and (235)U for all samples were determined using high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. The radium equivalent activity, radiation hazard indices and absorbed dose rate in air for all waste samples were estimated. The radon emanation coefficient of the waste samples was estimated. It ranged between 0.574 and 0.154. The age of two scale samples was determined and found to be 2.39 and 3.66 years. The chemical structure of the waste samples was investigated using X-ray florescence analysis (XRF) and Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, Ca and Fe were found in all samples. From this study, it was noticed that the concentrations of the natural radionuclides in the petroleum wastes were higher than that of the petroleum products.
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Girls College of Education, Riyadh University for Women, Al-rowdah, PO Box 27329, Riyadh, Central 11417, Saudi Arabia. ferdoasalsaleh@hotmail.com
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Al-Saleh
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Al-Harshan
mesh_terms: D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis; D010578:Petroleum / Q000032:analysis*; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D011886:Radon / Q000032:analysis; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D013051:Spectrometry, Gamma; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D010578:Petroleum; D012722:Sewage; D011886:Radon