title: Outcome after mechanical aortic valve replacement in children and young adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We asked whether aortic valve replacement using a mechanical prosthesis would allow normalization of left ventricular function and structure in children and young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a clinical follow-up examination in 30 patients with aortic valve replacement at 25 years of age or younger, including conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aortic valve replacement was performed at the median age of 14.3 years (range, 7.6 to 24.3 years) using a mechanical prosthesis (St. Jude Medical; median diameter, 23 mm; range, 17 to 27 mm). Indications were severe aortic stenosis in 6 of 30 patients, aortic regurgitation in 20 of 30 patients, or a combination of aortic stenosis and regurgitation (4 of 30 patients). Aortic valve replacement was a reoperation in 12 of 30 patients who primarily underwent aortic valvotomy at a median of 7.1 years (range, 1.0 to 11.3 years). In-hospital mortality was 0%. Follow-up was a median of 6 years (range, 1.2 to 14.5 years). Twenty-nine of 30 patients were in New York Heart Association functional class I without thromboembolic complications, cerebrovascular accidents, or major bleeding on oral anticoagulation. Left ventricular dilatation before aortic valve replacement was present in 20 of 30 patients but normalized in all but 4 patients on follow-up. Most patients showed a normal end-diastolic volume on magnetic resonance imaging, and 23 of 26 patients showed a normal left ventricular ejection fraction (median, 0.53; range, 0.33 to 0.75). Peak systolic strain of the left ventricular myocardium was a median of -13.3% (range, -0.5% to -31%), and was normal in 28 of 30 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aortic valve replacement in children and young adults offers a good treatment option and may lead to normalization of left ventricular size and function in most patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Raoul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ley-Zaporozhan
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ley
authors.forename: Tsvetomir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Loukanov
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sebening
authors.forename: Johann-Baptist
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kleber
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Goebel
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hagl
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karck
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorenflo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D011336:Probability; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome