title: [Comparison of topical, intravenous, and intracuff lidocaine for reducing coughing after extubation during emergence from general anesthesia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of topical, intravenous, and intracuff lidocaine on reducing coughing during emergence from general anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with an ASA physical status of I or II were enrolled if they were over 18 years of age and scheduled for elective surgery lasting between 60 and 120 minutes under balanced anesthesia with orotracheal intubation. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned to one of 3 treatment groups (intravenous lidocaine, topical lidocaine, or intracuff lidocaine) or to the control group. Numerical variables were described as mean (SD) or median and interquartile range, depending on distribution. Categorical variables were described using frequencies (number) and percentages. Multiple-group comparisons were performed using analysis of variance, the Kruskal-Wallis test, or the chi2 test, as appropriate. A level of P < .05 was considered to be statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 80 patients; data for 78 were entered into analysis. Thirteen patients (65%) presented coughing in the control group, 5 (263%) in the topical lidocaine group, 3 (15.8%) in the intracuff group, and 3 (16%) in the intravenous group (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous lidocaine and intracuff lidocaine significantly reduce the incidence of coughing during emergence from anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesia del Centro Médico ABC, México. drajanetzamora@yahoo.com.mx
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zamora Lozano
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cruz Villaseñor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodríguez Reyes
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sánchez Rodríguez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Briones Corona
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gallardo Alonso
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000996:Antitussive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003371:Cough / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D007830:Larynx / Q000187:drug effects; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000996:Antitussive Agents; D008012:Lidocaine