title: In vivo effect of herbal products against Histomonas meleagridis in turkeys.
abstract: Histomoniasis is a serious disease in poultry. All chemotherapeutics with known efficacy against its causative agent, Histomonas meleagridis, have been banned from use as prophylactic or therapeutic use in production animals. In a search for possible alternatives, the in vivo effects of the herbal products Enteroguard and Protophyt were examined. Two-week-old turkeys allocated into 13 groups of 18 birds were either sham inoculated (negative control group) or were inoculated with 100, 3162 or 200 000 histomonads per bird. Control groups (no feed additives, dimetridazole, or Histostat-50) were included in the study. No morbidity or mortality was observed in the negative control group or in the groups inoculated with 100 histomonads per bird. Mortality was 100% in the groups inoculated with 200 000 histomonads per bird and either untreated (positive control group) or receiving Protophyt SP, Protophyt SP and Protophyt B, Enteroguard, or Histostat-50. Mortality was 17% in the dimetridazole-treated group. In the groups inoculated with 3162 histomonads per bird, mortality was 100% for the positive control group and the group receiving Enteroguard, and was 94% in the group receiving Protophyt SP. In the present study, Enteroguard or Protophyt was not found to be effective against histomoniasis.
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Service (GD), AA Deventer, The Netherlands. h.vd.heijden@gddeventer.com
authors.forename: Harold M J F
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: van der Heijden
authors.forename: Wil J M
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Landman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004131:Dimetridazole / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology*; D011529:Protozoan Infections, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D016834:Trichomonadida / Q000187:drug effects*; D014422:Turkeys / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D004131:Dimetridazole