title: Measuring health-related quality of life in children with ESRD: performance of the generic and ESRD-specific instrument of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Minimal data exist to describe health-related quality of life in children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  193 children aged 5 to 18 years with ESRD and 190 parents of children aged 2 to 18 years with ESRD at 4 pediatric nephrology centers across the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Generic and disease-specific health-related quality of life. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0) Generic Core Scales encompass: (1) Physical Functioning (8 items), (2) Emotional Functioning (5 items), (3) Social Functioning (5 items), and (4) School Functioning (5 items). The PedsQL 3.0 ESRD Module encompasses: (1) General Fatigue (4 items), (2) About My Kidney Disease (5 items), (3) Treatment Problems (4 items), (4) Family and Peer Interaction (3 items), (5) Worry (10 items), (6) Perceived Physical Appearance (3 items), and (7) Communication (5 items).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Internal consistency reliability for the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales and the PedsQL 3.0 ESRD Module was acceptable for both parent-proxy report and child self-report, with the exception of 1 parent-proxy report and 3 child self-report scales on the ESRD Module. The PedsQL Generic Core Scales differentiated between healthy children and children with ESRD, supporting discriminant validity. Intercorrelations between the PedsQL Generic Core Scales and the ESRD Module were in the medium to large range, supporting construct validity. A confirmatory factor analysis further supported construct validity of the ESRD Module.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Test-retest reliability was not conducted, limited generalizability may exist given the age distribution of the children included, and imperfect agreement between child and parent-proxy reports.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results support the feasibility, reliability, and validity of the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales in children with ESRD and provide initial support for the PedsQL 3.0 ESRD Module, although additional validation testing is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. stuartg@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Stuart L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Bradley A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Warady
authors.forename: Mouin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seikaly
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Tasha M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Burwinkle
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Limbers
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Varni
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003142:Communication; D032882:Comprehension; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004644:Emotions; D004954:Esthetics; D005195:Family Relations; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States