Antileukemic effect of a synthetic vitamin D3 analog, HY-11, with low potential to cause hypercalcemia.
1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] is capable of inhibiting the proliferation of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). However, toxicity of hypercalcemia has limited the use of 1,25(OH)2D3 in clinical trials. We have evaluated 11 synthesized vitamin D3 analogs for their ability to inhibit clonal growth of HL-60 myeloid leukemic cells. Among the 11 vitamin D3 analogs, HY-11 (code name) showed the most potent antileukemic activity with 2.5x10(-6) M of IC50, however, it did not affect the cellular growth of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells until 10(-6) M. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that HY-11 induced the G1 arrest in a dose-dependent manner, which was mediated via inactivation of CDK4 and CDK6 in association with up-regulation of CDKI (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor), p27 and Rb protein. Induction of apoptosis was mediated via caspase-3 pathway in HY-11-treated HL-60. In addition, HY-11 enhanced the expression of TGF-beta1, TGF-beta receptor type I and II and vitamin D3 receptor (VDR). VDR expression was increased by TGF-beta1, suggesting that TGF-beta1 might be involved in the antiproliferative effect of HY-11 on HL-60 cells by autocrine and paracrine regulation. Serum calcium levels were within normal limit when HY-11 was given intraperitoneally (i.p.) every other day for 5 weeks to BALB/c mice at the doses of 10(-7), 10(-6)and 10(-5) M. HY-11 inhibited the growth of WEHI-3BD+ mouse leukemic cells in vitro, and syngeneic BALB/c mice that received WEHI-3BD+ mouse leukemic cells and HY-11 had a significantly longer survival without producing hypercalcemia compared to control group. In summary, HY-11 is a vitamin D3 analog that inhibited the proliferation of human AML cell line, HL-60, through induction of cell cycle arrest, triggering apoptosis as well as modulation of TGF-beta1 and its receptors. In particular, HY-11 significantly increased the survival of mice that had myeloid leukemia without producing hypercalcemia.
Yoon
Jin Sun
JS
Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, University Hospital, 28 Yon Gon-dong, Chong No-ku, Seoul, Korea.
Kim
Ju Young
JY
Park
Hyun Ki
HK
Kim
Eun Shil
ES
Ahn
Kwang Sung
KS
Yoon
Sung Soo
SS
Cho
Cheon Gyu
CG
Kim
Byoung Kook
BK
Lee
Young Yiul
YY
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C528641:HY-11; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D002118:Calcium