Poverty, human development, environmental and health risks: the role of precaution and cautionary policies.
First of all a definition is given of "poverty" and "precaution". A short, by no means comprehensive, presentation of some especially relevant recent publications on both topics is included, with a view to offering also readers who are not familiar with these issues a broad overview of the specialised literature available. This is followed by a description of the solidarity concept, following various philosophical, cultural and religious trends, analysing their relationship with precaution. An attempt is then made to show how solidarity and precaution could help counteract poverty, the risks for the environment and health, with the ensuing social and health damage. Reasons are outlined which support the adoption of the precaution principle in economics, as well as some arguments which could be put forward to oppose these views. The final remarks are a reply to such criticisms with a view to showing how precaution could be an effective economic tool, as well as a way to tackle those health-related and environmental problems that are also associated with poverty.
Petrini
Carlo
C
Unità di Bioetica, Presidenza, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy. carlo.petrini@iss.it
D002410:Catholicism; D004782:Environmental Health / Q000191:economics; D028663:Ethical Theory; D014943:Global Health; D006291:Health Policy / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000191:economics; D006803:Human Development; D006801:Humans; D018156:Journalism, Medical; D011057:Politics; D011203:Poverty; D012307:Risk Factors