title: Sympathetic nerve activity in the superior cervical ganglia increases in response to imposed increases in arterial pressure.
abstract: Sympathetic vasoconstriction of cerebral vessels has been proposed to be a protective mechanism for the brain, limiting cerebral perfusion and microcirculatory pressure during transient increases in arterial pressure. To furnish direct neural evidence for this proposition, we aimed to develop a method for recording cerebral sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) from the superior cervical ganglion (SCG). We hypothesized that SNA recorded from the SCG increases during imposed hypertension, but not during hypotension. Lambs (n = 11) were anesthetized (alpha-chloralose, 20 mg.kg(-1).h(-1)) and ventilated. SNA was measured using 25-microm tungsten microelectrodes inserted into the SCG. Arterial blood pressure (AP) was pharmacologically raised (adrenaline, phenylephrine, or ANG II, 1-50 microg/kg iv), mechanically raised (intravascular balloon in the thoracic aorta), or lowered (sodium nitroprusside, 1-50 microg/kg iv). In response to adrenaline (n = 10), mean AP increased 135 +/- 10% from baseline (mean +/- SE), and the RMS value of SNA (Square Root of the Mean of the Squares, SNA(RMS)) increased 255 +/- 120%. In response to mechanically induced hypertension, mean AP increased 43 +/- 3%, and SNA(RMS) increased 53 +/- 13%. Generally, (9 of 10 animals), SNA(RMS) did not increase, as AP was lowered with sodium nitroprusside. Using a new model for direct recording of cerebral SNA from the SCG, we have demonstrated that SNA increases in response to large induced rises, but not falls, in AP. These findings furnish direct support for the proposed protective role for sympathetic nerves in the cerebral circulation.
authors.affiliation: Ritchie Centre for Baby Health Research, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia.
authors.forename: Priscila A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cassaglia
authors.forename: Robert I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: Adrian M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000294:innervation*; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000294:innervation*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008839:Microelectrodes; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012756:Sheep; D017783:Superior Cervical Ganglion / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; D009599:Nitroprusside; D010656:Phenylephrine; D004837:Epinephrine