title: Conservative treatments of intraocular retinoblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the efficacy of conservative management of retinoblastoma by an association of conservative ocular therapies and chemothermotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phase II prospective nonrandomized trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-three children were included (115 eyes).
  
  
  METHODS
  Conservative ocular therapies and chemothermotherapy (intravenous carboplatin followed by transpupillary thermotherapy to the tumor) after chemoreduction by 2 cycles of carboplatin and etoposide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Use of external beam therapy and ocular tumor control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred fifteen of the 147 affected eyes were eligible for conservative management. Nineteen children had unilateral lesions (22.8%), and 64 (77.1%) had bilateral lesions. Sixty-six children received neoadjuvant chemotherapy before ocular therapy, which consisted of one or a combination of several techniques: chemothermotherapy (65 children [86 eyes]) with a mean of 3 cycles per child, thermotherapy alone (22 children [24 eyes]), cryoapplication (49 children [58 eyes]), and iodine 125 brachytherapy (26 children [29 eyes]). Tumor control was achieved for 97 eyes (84%). At the end of the study, external beam radiotherapy (EBR) was necessary for a total of 9 children (11%) and 13 eyes (12%). Enucleation was necessary for a total of 23 eyes (20%), because of complications in 5 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 2 cycles of carboplatin and etoposide followed by ocular therapy and chemothermotherapy achieves satisfactory tumor control and permits a low need for EBR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Institut Curie, Paris, France. livia.lumbroso@curie.net
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lumbroso-Le Rouic
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aerts
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lévy-Gabriel
authors.forename: Rémi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dendale
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sastre
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esteve
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Asselain
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bours
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Doz
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Desjardins
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001918:Brachytherapy; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017679:Cryotherapy; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D007223:Infant; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D005047:Etoposide; D016190:Carboplatin