title: Pericentric chromatin is organized into an intramolecular loop in mitosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cohesin proteins link sister chromatids and provide the basis for tension between bioriented sister chomatids in mitosis. Cohesin is concentrated at the centromere region of the chromosome despite the fact that sister centromeres can be separated by 800 nm in vivo. The function of cohesin at sites of separated DNA is unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We provide evidence that the kinetochore promotes the organization of pericentric chromatin into a cruciform in mitosis such that centromere-flanking DNA adopts an intramolecular loop, whereas sister-chromatid arms are paired intermolecularly. Visualization of cohesin subunits by fluorescence microscopy revealed a cylindrical structure that encircles the central spindle and spans the distance between sister kinetochores. Kinetochore assembly at the apex of the loop initiates intrastrand loop formation that extends approximately 25 kb (12.5 kb on either side of the centromere). Two centromere loops (one from each sister chromatid) are stretched between the ends of sister-kinetochore microtubules along the spindle axis. At the base of the loop there is a transition to intermolecular sister-chromatid pairing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The C loop conformation reveals the structural basis for sister-kinetochore clustering in budding yeast and for kinetochore biorientation and thus resolves the paradox of maximal interstrand separation in regions of highest cohesin concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, 623 Fordham Hall CB#3280, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280, USA.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.forename: Leocadia V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Paliulis
authors.forename: Ajit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joglekar
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bouck
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.forename: Kerry S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bloom
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000378:metabolism*; D018386:Kinetochores / Q000378:metabolism*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D008938:Mitosis / Q000502:physiology*; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D000097722:Cohesins
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002843:Chromatin; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000097722:Cohesins