title: Signal processing by its coil zipper domain activates IKK gamma.
abstract: NF-kappaB activation occurs upon degradation of its inhibitor I-kappaB and requires prior phosphorylation of the inhibitor by I-kappaB kinase (IKK). Activity of IKK is governed by its noncatalytic subunit IKKgamma. Signaling defects due to missense mutations in IKKgamma have been correlated to its inability to either become ubiquitylated or bind ubiquitin noncovalently. Because the relative contribution of these events to signaling had remained unknown, we have studied mutations in the coil-zipper (CoZi) domain of IKKgamma that either impair signaling or cause constitutive NF-kappaB activity. Certain signaling-deficient alleles neither bound ubiquitin nor were they ubiquitylated by TRAF6. Introducing an activating mutation into those signaling-impaired alleles restored their ubiquitylation and created mutants constitutively activating NF-kappaB without repairing the ubiquitin-binding defect. Constitutive activity therefore arises downstream of ubiquitin binding but upstream of ubiquitylation. Such constitutive activity reveals a signal-processing function for IKKgamma beyond that of a mere ubiquitin-binding adaptor. We propose that this signal processing may involve homophilic CoZi interactions as suggested by the enhanced affinity of CoZi domains from constitutively active IKKgamma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, Structural Studies Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bloor
authors.forename: Grigor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ryzhakov
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: P Jonathan G
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Rebekka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krumbach
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dikic
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Randow
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D016350:Leucine Zippers / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000235:genetics; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D025801:Ubiquitin; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase