Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection: immunopathogenic mechanisms.
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) causes severe respiratory disease in young cattle. Much like the human respiratory syncytial virus, BRSV induces immunomodulation in the infected host, favoring a Th2 response. Several groups have demonstrated IgE responses to BRSV proteins during infection and particularly in response to vaccination with formalin-inactivated vaccine in the field and experimentally. Newer vaccine modalities that favor a shift to Th1 cytokine production have provided promising results. Infection with BRSV is a major contributor to the multi-pathogen disease, bovine respiratory disease complex. This review stresses the unique immunomodulatory aspects of BRSV infection, vaccination and its interaction with the host's immune system.
Gershwin
Laurel J
LJ
Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ljgershwin@ucdavis.edu
D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D022261:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D018112:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Bovine / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D022261:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines