title: Development and psychometric assessment of the collaborative care for attention-deficit disorders scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the development and assess the validity and reliability of the Collaborative Care for Attention-Deficit Disorders Scale (CCADDS), a measure of collaborative care processes for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder who attend primary care practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Collaborative care was conceptualized as a multidimensional construct. The 41-item CCADDS was developed from an existing instrument, review of the literature, focus groups, and an expert panel. The CCADDS was field tested in a national mail survey of 600 stratified and randomly selected practicing general pediatricians. Psychometric analysis included assessments of factor structure, construct validity, and internal consistency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall response rate was 51%. Most respondents were male (56%), 46 years old or older (59%), and white (69%). Common factor analysis identified 3 subscales: beliefs, collaborative activities, and connectedness. Internal consistency reliability (coefficient alpha) for the overall scale was .91, and subscale scores ranged from .80 to .89. The CCADDS correlated with a validated measure of provider psychosocial orientation (r = -.36, P < .001) and with self-reported frequency of mental health referrals or consultations (r = -.24 to -.42, P < .001). CCADDS scores were similar among physicians by race/ethnicity, gender, age group, and practice location.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scores on the CCADDS were reliable for measuring collaborative care processes in this sample of primary care clinicians who provide treatment for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Evidence for validity of scores was limited. Future research is needed to confirm its psychometric properties and factor structure and provide guidance on score interpretation.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. guevara@email.chop.edu
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Guevara
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Greenbaum
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shera
authors.forename: Judy A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shea
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Donald F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Schwarz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D015203:Reproducibility of Results