title: Hereditary angioedema: a current state-of-the-art review, V: attenuated androgens for the treatment of hereditary angioedema.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a summary of the literature regarding the use of attenuated androgens during the past 40 to 50 years for the treatment of hereditary angioedema (HAE).
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE and PubMed were searched to identify studies involving the treatment of HAE with androgens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were selected based on their relevance to the use of androgens for the treatment of HAE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Attenuated androgens have proven successful for the short- and long-term treatment of HAE. Adverse effects are still concerning, and their use in children and pregnant women must be undertaken with great caution. Scheduled monitoring of liver function tests and lipid profiles in patients treated with these medications is critical.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Attenuated androgens have been successful in the short- and long-term treatment of HAE, and they are still the most frequently used medications in the United States for the treatment of this disease. There is a lack of readily available options for the treatment of acute HAE attacks apart from the administration of fresh frozen plasma or safe prophylactic therapies; however, several appropriate agents currently in clinical trials in the United States appear promising.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Aleena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banerji
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Sloane
authors.forename: Albert L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sheffer
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054179:Angioedemas, Hereditary / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003613:Danazol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010110:Oxymetholone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013197:Stanozolol / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D013197:Stanozolol; D010110:Oxymetholone; D003613:Danazol