title: Transcriptional upregulation of gastrin in response to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist triggers cell survival pathways.
abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) are members of the largest nuclear hormone receptor family of transcription factors (1). PPAR gamma (PPARgamma) plays an important role in adipogenesis, control of sensitivity to insulin, inflammation and atherosclerosis but recent studies also suggest that PPARgamma is involved in cell cycle withdrawal. PPARgamma can promote cell differentiation, exert an antiproliferative action and inhibit angiogenesis (2, 3). However, there are studies showing that activation of PPARgamma promotes the development of colon cancer (4). These data are in sharp contrast with studies that attribute anticancer effects to PPARgamma in gastrointestinal malignancies. Probably, the action of PPARgamma on cell cycle and proliferation depends on the cell type and presence of other stimuli that predispose cells to cancer development. Amidated and non-amidated gastrins may play an important role in the proliferation and carcinogenesis of GI cancers. It is known that gastrin peptides activate phosphorylation of Protein Kinase B (PKB/Akt) and anti-apoptotic signalling but there is little known about the link between gastrins and PPARgamma receptors in relation to apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University, School of Medicine, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ptak-Belowska
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Pawlik
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krzysiek-Maczka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brzozowski
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Pawlik
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms; D005755:Gastrins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005755:Gastrins; D047495:PPAR gamma; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; C039671:ciglitazone