title: Brain maturation-related spike localization in Panayiotopoulos syndrome: magnetoencephalographic study.
abstract: Focal spike activities in Panayiotopoulos syndrome involve all brain regions in electroencephalography, and commonly reveal multiple foci, often through occipital predominance. To investigate correlations between developmental brain maturation and spike origin in Panayiotopoulos syndrome, we evaluated age-related or duration-related magnetoencephalographic spike localization in 25 patients with Panayiotopoulos syndrome. Regarding age at examination, patients with frontal spikes were significantly older than patients with spikes on rolandic, parieto-occipital, or calcarine sulci. Occipital spikes were classified into two subgroups, located at the calcarine sulcus and parieto-occipital sulcus. Both calcarine and parieto-occipital localizations were seen in patients around the same age. Follow-up magnetoencephalography was performed on three patients, and demonstrated shifting localization or disappearance of magnetoencephalographic spikes. These results suggest that the location of spike discharges is not directly related to seizure symptoms, but instead indicates maturation-related cortical hyperexcitability in patients with Panayiotopoulos syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Epilepsy Center, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital, and Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Course for Biological Functions and Medical Control, Niigata Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.
authors.forename: Naka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tohyama
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akasaka
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamimura
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toyabe
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008297:Male; D012640:Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013577:Syndrome