title: [Overexpression of tumor metastasis suppressor gene 1 suppresses proliferation and invasion, but enhances apoptosis of human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of tumor metastasis suppressor gene 1 (TMSG-1) overexpression on the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of breast cancer cells and to determine possible correlations of TMSG-1 and metastasis of breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Full-length human TMSG-1 coding sequences were cloned into plasmid pcDNA3.0-FLAG. The recombinant plasmids constructs were transfeced into MDA-MB-231, a highly malignant breast cancer cell line. Parental, vector-only stable transfectant and TMSG-1 stable transfectant clones were tested by MTT, soft agar colony formation and Boyden chamber assays. At twenty-four hours and forty-eight hours post transient transfection, double staining with Annexin-V-FITC and PI were employed to distinguish apoptotic cells from living cells by flow cytometry analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three TMSG-1 overexpression clones were selected. Compared with the control cells, TMSG-1 overexpression MDA-MB-231 cells showed strong inhibition of proliferation and decreased clonogenicity in soft agar (P<0.05). Transfection of TMSG-1 into MDA-MB-231 cells significantly suppressed the cell invasion ability in vitro (decreased numbers of cells trespassing the matrigel in three experiments: 72.3+/-8.1, 85.0+/-4.2, and 73.5+/-7.8) in comparison with nave cells without transfection (187.5+/-2.1) and cells transfected with the control vector (162.3+/-6.8) (P<0.01). Transient transfection of TMSG-1 into MDA-MB-231 cells could promote cell apoptosis at 24 and 48 hours after transfection (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TMSG-1 protein may have multiple functions in the regulation of proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of metastatic breast cancer cells, likely as a metastasis suppressor gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Jiang-feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Jie-liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiang-lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Wei-gang
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010957:Plasmids; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051049:Sphingosine N-Acyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D014162:Transfection; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C438311:CERS2 protein, human; D051049:Sphingosine N-Acyltransferase