title: Diagnostic performance of an expert system for interpretation of 99mTc MAG3 scans in suspected renal obstruction.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to compare diuresis renography scan interpretation generated by a renal expert system with the consensus interpretation of 3 expert readers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expert system was evaluated in 95 randomly selected furosemide-augmented patient studies (185 kidneys) obtained for suspected obstruction; there were 55 males and 40 females with a mean age +/- SD of 58.6 +/- 16.5 y. Each subject had a baseline (99m)Tc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine ((99m)Tc-MAG3) scan followed by furosemide administration and a separate 20-min acquisition. Quantitative parameters were automatically extracted from baseline and furosemide acquisitions and forwarded to the expert system for analysis. Three experts, unaware of clinical information, independently graded each kidney as obstructed/probably obstructed, equivocal, and probably nonobstructed/nonobstructed; experts resolved differences by a consensus reading. These 3 expert categories were compared with the obstructed, equivocal, and nonobstructed interpretations provided by the expert system. Agreement was assessed using weighted kappa, and the predictive accuracy of the expert system compared with expert readers was assessed by the area under receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC curve) curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expert system agreed with the consensus reading in 84% (101/120) of nonobstructed kidneys, in 92% (33/36) of obstructed kidneys, and in 45% (13/29) of equivocal kidneys. The weighted kappa between the expert system and the consensus reading was 0.72 and was comparable with the weighted kappa between experts. There was no significant difference in the areas under the ROC curves when the expert system was compared with each expert using the other 2 experts as the gold standard.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The renal expert system showed good agreement with the expert interpretation and could be a useful educational and decision support tool to assist physicians in the diagnosis of renal obstruction. To better mirror the clinical setting, algorithms to incorporate clinical data must be designed, implemented, and tested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. ataylor@emory.edu
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Ernest V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Jose Nilo G
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Binongo
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manatunga
authors.forename: Raghuveer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Halkar
authors.forename: Russell D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Folks
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dubovsky
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D005103:Expert Systems; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D011866:Radioisotope Renography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012984:Software; D017263:Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017263:Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide