title: Comparative evaluation of noninvasive compression adjuncts for hemostasis in percutaneous arterial, venous, and arteriovenous dialysis access procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relative efficacy of three compression adjuncts -- D-Stat Dry (D-Stat), QR Powder (QR), and XS Powder (XS) -- for reducing time to hemostasis in patients who underwent diagnostic and interventional percutaneous procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  D-Stat, QR, or XS was applied in 176 percutaneous diagnostic arterial, therapeutic arterial, venous, and arteriovenous dialysis access (AVDA) procedures in 138 patients. The mean time to hemostasis and application-related complications were retrospectively assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean time to hemostasis was significantly reduced in all applications of QR (3.1 minutes +/- 1.1) and XS (3.7 minutes +/- 1.1) relative to D-Stat (6.2 minutes +/- 1.1, P < .001 vs both). For therapeutic arterial procedures, mean time to hemostasis for QR and XS was 3.6 minutes +/- 1.1 and 4.8 minutes +/- 1.1, respectively, and this was significantly less than that of D-Stat (10.0 minutes +/- 1.2; P < .001 vs QR, P < .01 vs XS). Mean times to hemostasis for QR and XS were also shorter than that with D-Stat in diagnostic arterial and AVDA procedures (P < .05). For venous procedures, mean time to hemostasis for QR (1.9 minutes +/- 1.2) was significantly shorter than that with both D-Stat (4.0 minutes +/- 1.2, P < .05) and XS (3.7 minutes +/- 1.2, P < .05). Minor immediate complications (hematoma <5 cm) occurred in 2.8% of applications. No access site infections were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All three agents effectively reduced time to hemostasis with minimal associated complications. QR was found to be more effective than D-Stat in all four procedure types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Larry F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Valji
authors.forename: Wade H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001158:Arteries / Q000293:injuries; D001458:Bandages; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006487:Hemostasis; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011312:Pressure; D011677:Punctures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014680:Veins / Q000293:injuries
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors