title: An immunohistochemical evaluation of phosphorylated Akt at threonine 308 [pAkt(Thr308)] in invasive breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Akt is a serine/threonine kinase which is fully activated when phosphorylated (pAkt). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of phosphorylated Akt at Threonine 308 [pAkt(Thr308)] in association with clinicopathological parameters and various biological markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 152 invasive breast carcinomas to detect the expression of the proteins pAkt(Thr308), estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors, p53, Ki-67 and c-erbB-2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  pAkt(Thr308) protein was immunodetected in the cytoplasm and the nuclei of the malignant cells. pAkt was found to be positively associated with the lobular histological type, while it was found to exert no impact on patients' survival. pAkt(Thr308) immunopositivity was inversely related to Ki-67 and p53 (p=0.013 and p=0.020, respectively), while being positively associated with cerbB2 expression (p=0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to show a frequent detection of pAkt(Thr308) in lobular breast carcinomas and an association of its expression with indices of proliferation (c-erbB2, Ki-67) and apoptosis (p53).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magkou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mylona
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Theohari
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Giannopoulou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papanikolaou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Markaki
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nakopoulou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013912:Threonine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013912:Threonine; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt