title: Comparative efficacy of pilocarpine, timolol and latanoprost in experimental models of glaucoma.
abstract: Intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effects of investigational antiglaucoma drugs often need comparison with existing drugs, but detailed data showing comparative efficacy of antiglaucoma drugs with different mechanism of action has not been reported so far. This study was designed to establish baseline information of the IOP-lowering effect of three currently used antiglaucoma drugs in three experimental models in rabbits, so that they act as a benchmark for the efficacy evaluation of the future experimental antiglaucoma drugs. The IOP-lowering effect of single-drop application of pilocarpine, timolol and latanoprost was studied in normotensive, water loading and steroid-induced models of glaucoma in rabbits. The noncontact tonometer was used for the first time to estimate IOP in rabbits. The peak IOP-lowering effect of pilocarpine, timolol and latanoprost in normotensive rabbit eye was 18.23%, 20% and 22.56%, respectively. In water-loading model, the maximum protection against the rise in IOP was shown by latanoprost (40.27%), followed by timolol (31.39%) and pilocarpine (28.91%). In steroid-pretreated rabbit eyes, peak IOP-lowering effects of pilocarpine, timolol and latanoprost were 25.65%, 34.21% and 35.06%, respectively. Therefore, the latanoprost was found to be most effective in all three models followed by timolol and pilocarpine. The results of this study can be used for future preclinical investigations for the assessment of IOP-lowering activity of potential antiglaucoma drugs.
authors.affiliation: Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India. skgupta@icriindia.com
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Galpalli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saxena
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007322:Instillation, Drug; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D000077338:Latanoprost; D008297:Male; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011817:Rabbits; D013999:Timolol / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; D010862:Pilocarpine; D000077338:Latanoprost; D013999:Timolol; D011239:Prednisolone