title: Dose-escalated CHOEP for the treatment of young patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: I. A randomized dose escalation and feasibility study with bi- and tri-weekly regimens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the maximum tolerated dose of a bi- and tri-weekly combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone plus etoposide (CHOEP) regimen without stem-cell support.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized phase I/II multicenter four-level (cyclophosphamide: 1000-1200-1400-1600 mg/m2; doxorubicin: 55-60-65-70 mg/m2; etoposide: 375-450-525-600 mg/m2) dose escalation study with CHOEP-14 and CHOEP-21 in young patients (18-60 years) with newly diagnosed aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Dose-limiting toxicity was defined as thrombocytopenia <80,000/mm3 and leukocytopenia <2500/mm3 on days 16 (CHOEP-14) and 23 (CHOEP-21) or prolonged (>4 days) leukocytopenia (<1000/mm3) or thrombocytopenia (<20,000/mm3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and thirty-nine patients (high-CHOEP-14: 47, high-CHOEP-21: 92) were randomly allocated to the study. Maximal tolerated dose was level 2 for CHOEP-14 and level 4 for CHOEP-21. With a less favorable profile of patients in CHOEP-14, 4-year event-free survival was 47.9% after high-CHOEP-14 and 66.2% after high-CHOEP-21, 4-year overall survival 62.1% after high-CHOEP-14 and 73.4% after high-CHOEP-21, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant dose escalations of CHOEP are possible with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support, with different chemotherapy models favoring the maximally escalated bi- or tri-weekly regimen, respectively. Because a higher total dose can be achieved with six cycles of the tri-weekly compared with the biweekly regimen, CHOEP-21 at dose escalation level 3 was chosen for a nationwide randomized comparison with baseline CHOEP-21 in a subsequent phase III trial.
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trümper
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zwick
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ziepert
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hohloch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schmits
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohren
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liersch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bentz
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Graeven
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wruck
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Metzner
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hasenclever
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loeffler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pfreundschuh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D017713:Platelet Transfusion; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D012074:Remission Induction; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D014750:Vincristine; D005047:Etoposide; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011239:Prednisolone