title: Perineal ultrasound evaluation of dysfunctional voiding in women with recurrent urinary tract infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We used urodynamics and perineal ultrasound to assess the function and morphology of the urethral sphincter and detrusor muscle in the evaluation of dysfunctional voiding in female patients with recurrent urinary tract infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients selected for study purposes completed the American Urological Association Symptom Index and underwent multichannel video urodynamics and perineal ultrasound to evaluate urethral sphincter volume and detrusor thickness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 337 patients referred to our institution for recurrent urinary tract infections 166 were finally evaluated, including group 1-65 women with recurrent urinary tract infections and dysfunctional voiding, group 2-77 with recurrent urinary tract infections without dysfunctional voiding and group 3-24 healthy controls. Storage and emptying symptoms were recorded in 87.6% and 84.6% of group 1 patients, respectively. Opening and maximum flow detrusor pressure significantly correlated with urethral sphincter volume, and mean and maximum urethral closure pressure and detrusor thickness correlated with urethral sphincter volume. Dysfunctional voiding could be diagnosed by ultrasound when an increase in detrusor thickness and striated sphincter volume were observed. A threshold sphincter volume of 1.96 cm3 had 100% sensitivity and 63.2% specificity, and a threshold detrusor thickness of 4.95 mm had 100% sensitivity and 85.4% specificity for identifying patients with dysfunctional voiding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We think that perineal ultrasound is useful in the evaluation of dysfunctional voiding in women with recurrent urinary tract infections.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Maternal and Children's Sciences-Urology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria-Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy. d.minardi@univpm.it
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Minardi
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parri
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: d'Anzeo
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fabiani
authors.forename: Ziad
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: El Asmar
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muzzonigro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010502:Perineum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications*; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014563:Urodynamics