title: Cytomegalovirus infection induces T-cell differentiation without impairing antigen-specific responses in Gambian infants.
abstract: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection induces profound differentiation of T cells, and is associated with impaired responses to other immune challenges. We therefore considered whether CMV infection and the consequent T-cell differentiation in Gambian infants was associated with impaired specific responses to measles vaccination or polyclonal responses to the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). While the concentration of undifferentiated (CD27(+) CD28(+) CCR7(+)) T-cells in peripheral blood was unaffected by CMV, there was a large increase in differentiated (CD28(-) CD57(+)) CD8 T-cells and a smaller increase in differentiated CD4 cells. One week post-vaccination, the CD4 cell interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) response to measles was lower among CMV-infected infants, but there were no other differences between the cytokine responses, or between the cytokine or proliferative responses 4 months post-vaccination. However, the CD8 T cells of CMV-infected infants proliferated more in response to SEB and the antibody response to measles correlated with the IFN-gamma response to CMV, indicating that CMV infection actually enhances some immune responses in infancy.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Laboratories Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia. djcm1@liverpool.ac.uk
authors.forename: David J C
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.forename: Mariama
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanneh
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Holder
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crozier
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nyamweya
authors.forename: Ebrima S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Touray
authors.forename: Melba S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Palmero
authors.forename: Syed M A
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zaman
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rowland-Jones
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van der Sande
authors.forename: Hilton
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Whittle
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005714:Gambia; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007223:Infant; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000276:immunology; D008459:Measles virus / Q000276:immunology; D018089:Superantigens / Q000276:immunology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004768:Enterotoxins; D008458:Measles Vaccine; D018089:Superantigens; C031818:enterotoxin B, staphylococcal; D007371:Interferon-gamma