title: Evaluation of the acoustic function in pseudoexfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma: audiometric and tympanometric findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have reported increased audiometric thresholds in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS), compared with normative data. This study examines mean audiometric thresholds and tympanometric peak values in patients with XFS and in a control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective, nonrandomized control case study. Patients with XFS in one or both eyes constituted the study group (SG). Patients without XFS in either eye constituted the control group (CG). Patients with a history of conditions affecting hearing function were excluded. The SG and the CG included 54 and 48 patients, respectively. Pure tone hearing thresholds levels were measured at 0.25, 1, 2, 3, and 8 kHz. Tympanometric peak values were also recorded. Differences in audiometric mean threshold values and tympanometric peak values between SG and CG, as well as between glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous eyes, were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone and air audiometric thresholds were significantly increased in SG for 3 kHz and 8 kHz but not for 0.25 kHz, 1 kHz, and 2 kHz. Tympanometric peak values were significantly lower in SG compared with CG. In SG, glaucomatous patients had significantly higher air-conduction thresholds for 3 kHz and 8 kHz. Differences in bone and air audiometric findings as well as tympanometric findings between glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous patients were statistically not significant in CG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results agree with previous reports on sensorineural hearing loss in XFS. The reduced tympanometric peak values in SG imply impairment in the elastic properties of the middle ear in XFS. The findings provide additional evidence for the systemic nature of XFS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heraklion, Crete, Greece. detorakis@hotmail.com
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Detorakis
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chrysochoou
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Paliobei
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Konstas
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Daniilidis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Balatsouras
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kefalidis
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Kozobolis
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests / Q000379:methods*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone / Q000379:methods*; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017889:Exfoliation Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies