title: Postprandial mineral metabolism and secondary hyperparathyroidism in early CKD.
abstract: Normophosphatemia and normocalcemia are maintained in chronic kidney disease (CKD) by increased levels of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) and parathyroid hormone (PTH), but the stimuli for secretion of these hormones in early CKD are incompletely understood. Most human physiologic studies have focused on random or fasting measurements of phosphorus, calcium, FGF-23, and PTH, but in this study, the hypothesis was that measurements in the postprandial state may reveal intermittent stimuli that lead to increased FGF-23 and PTH levels. The 4-h postprandial response in 13 patients with CKD and fasting normophosphatemia and normocalcemia (mean GFR 41 +/- 8 ml/min per m(2)) was compared with 21 healthy volunteers. Compared with healthy subjects, fasting patients with CKD had significantly higher levels of FGF-23 and fractional excretion of phosphorus; lower fractional excretion of calcium; and no difference in serum calcium, phosphorus, and PTH levels. After standardized meals, urinary phosphorus excretion in both groups increased despite unchanged serum phosphorus and FGF-23 levels. Postprandial urinary calcium excretion also increased in both groups, and this was accompanied by significantly reduced serum calcium and increased PTH levels in patients with CKD only; therefore, FGF-23 does not seem to be an acute postprandial regulator of phosphaturia in CKD or in health, but inappropriate postprandial calciuria with episodic, relative hypocalcemia may represent a previously unreported mechanism of secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD.
authors.affiliation: Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Isakova
authors.forename: Orlando
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castaldo
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Myles
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood*; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C000717427:FGF23 protein, human; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D010758:Phosphorus; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; D002118:Calcium