title: Assessing and influencing the fractional contribution of erythrocyte-bound 59Fe to individual 59Fe tissue content in murine 59Fe distribution studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Murine proteins of iron homoeostasis are frequently manipulated to investigate the mechanisms of iron-distribution and their toxicological consequences. Beyond subtracting erythrocyte-bound 59Fe of the residual blood content determined for each tissue (subtraction method), procedures are needed to determine 59Fe distribution in murine models of, e.g. inflammation or diabetes that cause local hyperaemia and changes in microcirculation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Two new methods were developed to correct total 59Fe tissue content individually for erythrocyte-bound 59Fe-labelled haem iron.
  
  
  METHODS
  Iron-deficiency and iron-overload was induced in male C57BL6 mice by feeding of respective diets. Distribution of 59Fe between different tissues was determined 24h, 14, and 28 days after intravenous injection of 59Fe trace amounts. Haem-bound 59Fe was separated from non-haem 59Fe in homogenates from all tissues by dispersion in a mix of lipophilic cyclohexanone and hydrophilic H3PO4 (separation method). Moreover, the reduction of 59Fe-labelled tissue blood content was determined in all organs after in vivo saline perfusion via the left ventricle (perfusion method).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  59Fe-labelled non-haem iron determined by the separation method was not significantly different from values determined by the subtraction method, except for the iron-deficient spleen 14 and 28 days after 59Fe injection when the separation method yielded approximately 20% higher values. Approximately 20% of 59Fe-labelled haem iron spilled over into the hydrophilic phase. The impact of this error decreases in parallel to 59Fe radioactivity in the residual tissue blood content: thus, it is higher in iron-deficient mice which accumulate more 59Fe in their erythrocytes than iron-adequate and iron-rich mice. For the same reason this type of error is more marked after long distribution periods and in organs with high residual blood content. Saline perfusion via the left ventricle reduced total blood content in mice to less than 10%. Liver (95%) and duodenum (94%) showed the highest removal of blood while it is lowest in spleen (66%) and lungs (69%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The separation and the perfusion method can be used to correct the impact of erythrocyte-bound haem iron individually. A margin of error below 10% was determined for all organs except for spleen, lungs, and fat. Both methods can be applied sequentially to obtain satisfactory results in spleen, lungs, and fat.
authors.affiliation: Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szegner
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Herbach
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ettle
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Elsenhans
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schümann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism; D006400:Hematocrit; D006418:Heme / Q000378:metabolism; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007504:Iron Radioisotopes / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051379:Mice; D019159:Nonheme Iron Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010477:Perfusion; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D007504:Iron Radioisotopes; D019159:Nonheme Iron Proteins; D006418:Heme; D007501:Iron