title: Surgery Insight: percutaneous treatment of prosthetic paravalvular leaks.
abstract: Serious paravalvular leakage occurs in 1-5% of patients who have undergone surgical cardiac valve replacement procedures. Clinical manifestations include hemolysis, heart failure and arrhythmias. Presently, the gold standard treatment for severe paravalvular leakage is surgery; however, the outcomes remain far from optimum. In this Review we discuss the problem of paravalvular leak and focus on the role of percutaneous repair as a treatment option.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. ravinay.bhindi@cardiov.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ravinay
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhindi
authors.forename: Sacha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bull
authors.forename: Ryan G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Schrale
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Oliver J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Ormerod
mesh_terms: D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000379:methods*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome