title: Allergy immunotherapy among Medicaid-enrolled children with allergic rhinitis: patterns of care, resource use, and costs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although research demonstrates that allergy immunotherapy (IT) improves allergic rhinitis (AR) outcomes, little is known about IT patterns of care and associated resource use and costs among US children with diagnoses of AR.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to examine characteristics associated with receiving IT, patterns of IT care, and health care use and costs incurred in the 6 months before versus after IT.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed retrospective Florida Medicaid claims data (1997-2004) analysis of children (<18 years of age) given new diagnoses of AR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 102,390 patients with new diagnoses of AR, 3048 (3.0%) received IT. Male patients, Hispanic patients, and those with concomitant asthma were significantly more likely to receive IT. Approximately 53% completed less than 1 year and 84% completed less than 3 years of IT. Patients who received IT used significantly less pharmacy (12.1 vs 8.9 claims, P < .0001), outpatient (30.7 vs 22.9 visits, P < .0001), and inpatient (1.2 vs 0.4 admissions, P = .02) resources in the 6 months after versus before IT. Pharmacy ($330 vs $60, P < .0001), outpatient ($735 vs $270, P < .0001), and inpatient ($2441 vs $1, P < .0001) costs (including costs for IT care) were significantly reduced after IT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite suboptimal treatment persistence (only 16% of patients completed 3 years of IT), resource use and costs after treatment were significantly reduced from pre-IT levels.
authors.affiliation: BioMedEcon, LLC, PO Box 129, Moss Beach, CA 94038, USA. cherylhankin@biomedecon.com
authors.forename: Cheryl S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hankin
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Gene
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eavy
authors.forename: Eli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burgoyne
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bronstone
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*