title: Prediction of cardiac death in hemodialysis patients by myocardial fatty acid imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to evaluate the potential of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to predict cardiac death in chronic hemodialysis patients using the iodinated fatty acid analogue iodine-123 123I-beta-methyl iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  We previously reported that BMIPP SPECT could detect asymptomatic coronary artery disease with high sensitivity in hemodialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively enrolled 375 asymptomatic hemodialysis patients who had undergone dual SPECT using 123I-BMIPP and 201thallium (Tl) chloride. Patients who had a clinical history of myocardial infarction and/or coronary revascularization were excluded from the study. Uptake on SPECT images was graded in 17 segments on a 5-point scale (0 normal, 4 absent) and assessed as summed BMIPP or Tl scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a 3.6 +/- 1.0-year follow-up, 57 patients who had undergone coronary revascularization within 60 days of SPECT were excluded from the analysis. Among the remaining 318 patients (male/female: 170/148; 64 +/- 12 years of age), 50 died of cardiac events (acute myocardial infarction 22, congestive heart failure 17, cardiac sudden death 11). Stepwise Cox hazard analysis associated cardiac death with age (> or =70 years) and with severely abnormal BMIPP SPECT images (BMIPP summed scores > or =12: hazard ratio 21.894; p < 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the cardiac death-free survival rates at 3 years were 61% and 98% in patients with BMIPP summed scores of > or =12 and <12, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severely impaired myocardial fatty acid metabolism, which might mainly reflect repetitive myocardial ischemia, can identify a high-risk group of cardiac death among hemodialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Toujinkai Hospital, Kyoto, Japan. mnishimura@tea.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hasebe
authors.forename: Nagara
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ono
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D003643:Death; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011336:Probability; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes; C117025:pentadecanoic acid