The transition from childhood to adulthood with ESRD: educational and social challenges.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this review was to examine potential barriers to adulthood transition for children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease (CKD).


RESULTS
The literature was reviewed in regards to medical, neuropsychological, psychiatric and psychosocial barriers that may impede successful transition. Adults with CKD since childhood have been found to be at increased risk for neurocognitive impairment, low educational attainment, unemployment, psychiatric disability, and psychosocial adjustment.


CONCLUSIONS
Based on the available literature, intervention strategies are discussed in addition to directions for future research.
Icard
P F
PF
UNC Kidney Center, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514-7155, USA.
Hower
S J
SJ
Kuchenreuther
A R
AR
Hooper
S R
SR
Gipson
D S
DS
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D004522:Educational Status; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012917:Social Adjustment; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends