title: Effects of the statin antihyperlipidemic agent simvastatin on grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio.
abstract: This study investigated lethal effects (i.e., survival) and sublethal effects (glutathione, GSH; lipid peroxidation, LPx; cholesterol, CHL; and acetylcholinesterase, AChE) of the antihyperlipidemic drug simvastatin on larval and adult grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). The 96-h LC50 test for larvae resulted in an estimated LC50 of 1.18 mg/L (95% confidence interval 0.98-1.42 mg/L). The adult 96-h LC50 was >10.0 mg/L. GSH and AChE levels for both the larvae and the adults were not significantly affected by simvastatin exposure. LPx levels in the larvae were significantly higher than controls in the lowest and the highest simvastatin exposures. In adult grass shrimp, LPx levels were highest in the three lowest simvastatin exposures. CHL levels were significantly reduced in larvae at the highest simvastatin exposure level of 1 mg/L while adult CHL was not affected. Both lethal and sublethal effects associated with simvastatin exposure were only observed at concentrations well above those reported in the environment.
authors.affiliation: National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, 219 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA. pete.key@noaa.gov
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Key
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoguet
authors.forename: Lou Ann
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Katy W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Fulton
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D033541:Palaemonidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002784:Cholesterol; D019821:Simvastatin; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D005978:Glutathione