title: The difference between lupus nephritis class IV-G and IV-S in Koreans: focus on the response to cyclophosphamide induction treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the response to induction therapy with intravenous (i.v.) cyclophosphamide (CYC) in Korean patients with class IV-G (diffuse global proliferative glomerulonephritis) and class IV-S (diffuse segmental proliferative glomerulonephritis) lupus nephritis (LN) according to the classification system of the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Of the 52 patients with biopsy-proven diffuse proliferative LN, who had been treated with i.v. CYC over a 10-yr period, 42 had been treated with i.v. CYC (equal to or more than 500 mg) for 6 consecutive months and had biopsy specimens containing more than nine glomeruli. The renal pathology of these 42 patients was reclassified according to the International Society of Nephrology and the Renal Pathology Society 2003 classification, and their renal response rates and laboratory indices after induction therapy were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 42 patients assessed, 30 (71%) had IV-G and 12 (29%) had IV-S. Pre-treatment 24 h urinary protein was significantly higher and pre-treatment concentration of anti-dsDNA antibody was significantly lower in IV-G than in IV-S patients. Following induction therapy, complete remission rates were significantly higher in patients with IV-S (67%, 8/12) than in patients with IV-G (33%, 10/30) LN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Class IV-G LN responded more poorly to induction therapy with i.v. CYC pulse than class IV-S LN.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
authors.forename: Y G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: S-S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Nah
authors.forename: C-K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D015432:Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007723:Korea; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D003520:Cyclophosphamide