title: Phase I/II study of gefitinib and capecitabine in patients with colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this phase I/II study were to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), characterise the principal toxicities in the phase I part and assess the efficacy in the phase II part of gefitinib, an oral selective inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor, in combination with capecitabine in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with advanced CRC were treated with gefitinib administered daily for 21 days and capecitabine administered twice daily for 14 days of a 21-day cycle. The dose levels of gefitinib (mg) and capecitabine (mg/m(2) bid) assessed were 250/1000 and 250/ 1250. An expanded cohort was enrolled at the MTD to better characterise toxicity and efficacy. A total of 32 previously treated patients were accrued. In the phase I part 10 subjects were treated, with one dose-limiting toxicity. Overall 26 patients were treated at the MTD of the combination, which was gefitinib 250 mg/day and capecitabine 1250 mg/m(2) twice daily.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequent treatment-related adverse events included asthenia, diarrhoea, nausea, rash and anorexia. The incidence profile was very similar in phases I and II. No objective responses were documented but 53% of the patients achieved stable disease as best response to therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Capecitabine 1250 mg/m(2) twice daily 14 of 21 days and gefitinib at 250 mg/day can be safely administered in combination. The combination is relatively well tolerated. There were no objective responses, although an interesting stabilisation rate was documented, in previously treated advanced CRC patients.
authors.affiliation: Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, USA. ajimeno1@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jimeno
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grávalos
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Escudero
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sevilla
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Vega-Villegas
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Juez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: García-Carbonero
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bovio
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colomer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cortés-Funes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069287:Capecitabine; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000077156:Gefitinib; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D011799:Quinazolines; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000069287:Capecitabine; D000077156:Gefitinib; D005472:Fluorouracil