title: Chronic repeated restraint stress increases prolactin-releasing peptide/tyrosine-hydroxylase ratio with gender-related differences in the rat brain.
abstract: In this study, we investigated the effect of chronic repeated restraint (RR) on prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) expression. In the brainstem, where PrRP colocalize with norepinephrine in neurons of the A1 and A2 catecholaminergic cell groups, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) has also been examined. In the brainstem, but not in the hypothalamus, the basal PrRP expression in female rats was higher than that in the males that was abolished by ovariectomy. RR evoked an elevation of PrRP expression in all areas investigated, with smaller reaction in the brainstems of females. There was no gender-related difference in the RR-evoked TH expression. Elevation of PrRP was relatively higher than elevation of TH, causing a shift in PrRP/TH ratio in the brainstem after RR. Estrogen alpha receptors were found in the PrRP neurons of the A1 and A2 cell groups, but not in the hypothalamus. Bilateral lesions of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus did not prevent RR-evoked changes. Elevated PrRP production parallel with increased PrRP/TH ratio in A1/A2 neurons indicate that: (i) there is a clear difference in the regulation of TH and PrRP expression after RR, and (ii) among other factors this may also contribute to the changed sensitivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis during chronic stress.
authors.affiliation: Neuromorphological and Neuroendocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. tothzs@ana.sote.hu
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna E
authors.initials: ZE
authors.lastname: Tóth
authors.forename: Dóra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zelena
authors.forename: Zsuzsa
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mergl
authors.forename: Eszter
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kirilly
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Várnai
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mezey
authors.forename: Gábor B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Makara
authors.forename: Miklós
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palkovits
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D007028:Hypothalamic Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000379:methods; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D056690:Prolactin-Releasing Hormone; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007028:Hypothalamic Hormones; D009479:Neuropeptides; C534379:Prlh protein, rat; D056690:Prolactin-Releasing Hormone; D011388:Prolactin; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D003345:Corticosterone