title: A comparative analysis of carbon dioxide displacement rates for euthanasia of the ferret.
abstract: Though carbon dioxide asphyxiation is a common method of euthanasia for laboratory animals, species-specific guidelines have not been established for this procedure in the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo). The authors investigated the efficacy and stress effects of carbon dioxide euthanasia in 24 ferrets that had participated in previous experimental protocols. They euthanized ferrets by placing them in cages that were either prefilled with carbon dioxide or gradually filled at a displacement rate of 10%, 20% or 50% of the cage volume per min. Blinded observers subjectively evaluated ferret distress. Prefilling the cage or filling it at a rate of 50% volume per min resulted in less time to recumbency and to last breath than did filling the cage at a slower displacement rate. Slower carbon dioxide displacement rates also caused an increase in ferret blood glucose concentrations, which may indicate distress. Overall, observers found that prefilling the euthanasia cage caused the least stress to ferrets.
authors.affiliation: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA. dfitzhugh@usuhs.mil
authors.forename: Dawn C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Fitzhugh
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parmer
authors.forename: Larry J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Shelton
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Sheets
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D037901:Euthanasia, Animal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005289:Ferrets; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002245:Carbon Dioxide