title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 in whole blood is associated with disease progression in pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytokine production profiles may reflect the clinical pictures of patients with tuberculosis (TB).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the relationship between cytokine levels and clinical parameters indicating the state of disease in active pulmonary TB patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-10 levels in whole blood after stimulation with culture filtrate protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 33 multi-drug resistant (MDR)-TB and 51 non-MDR-TB patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference was found in IFN-gamma production between non-MDR-TB and MDR-TB patients, but there was a marked reduction in TNF-alpha production in MDR-TB patients accompanied by a moderate increase in IL-10 levels. In contrast, the presence of cavity was associated with a significant increase in IFN-gamma, whereas no difference in TNF-alpha between the cavity and non-cavity group was observed. Those who have TB lesions in the left lung showed lower levels of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and higher IL-10 levels than the patients with lesions on the right side. IFN-gamma levels were significantly increased in those with moderate or advanced lesions compared with patients with mild lesions. TNF-alpha and IL-10 levels did not change with disease severity. The number of M. tuberculosis bacilli in sputum was closely associated with TNF-alpha levels. The patient group with high value (+++) of sputum culture acid-fast bacilli produced significantly reduced levels of TNF-alpha compared with medium (++) and low (+) values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha or IL-10 production patterns in whole blood are associated with disease progression in active pulmonary TB.
authors.affiliation: International Tuberculosis Research Center, Masan, Republic of Korea. syeum@bcline.com
authors.forename: Seok-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Eum
authors.forename: Bo-Young
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Jin-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Seung-Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sungae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Seung-Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sang-Nae
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood*; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma