title: Impact of impaired fasting glucose on cardiovascular disease: the Framingham Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine whether impaired fasting glucose (IFG) predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) events.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It is unclear which glucose threshold should define prediabetes. We compared the 1997 and 2003 American Diabetes Association (ADA) definitions of IFG to predict CVD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Framingham offspring participants free of CVD, categorized by the 1997 ADA IFG definition (fasting plasma glucose 110 to 125 mg/dl; 6.1 to 6.9 mmol/l) or the 2003 definition (100 to 125 mg/dl; 5.6 to 6.9 mmol/l), were followed from 1983 to 2004. Pooled logistic regression was used to calculate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for incident coronary heart disease (CHD; 291 events) or CVD (423 events).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four-year CHD event rates among women were 1.3% (100 to 109 mg/dl), 2.3% (110 to 125 mg/dl), and 2.9% (diabetes); whereas corresponding rates in men were 2.9%, 3.0%, and 8.7%. For the 2003 IFG definition, the OR for CHD among women was 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0 to 3.0, p = 0.048), whereas for the 1997 IFG definition, the OR for CHD in women was 2.2 (95% CI 1.1 to 4.4, p = 0.02), which was almost as high as for women with diabetes (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 5.2, p = 0.01). For CVD, only the 1997 IFG definition yielded significantly greater odds of CVD in women (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.6, p = 0.01). Men were not at increased odds of developing CVD or CHD by either definition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In women, both IFG definitions were associated with increased CHD risk, whereas neither IFG definition identified men at increased short-term risk for CHD or CVD. The finding that women with FPG 110 to 125 mg/dl had similar CHD risk compared with women with diabetes suggests that CHD risk in women may be elevated at a lower glucose level than for men.
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702-5827, USA.
authors.forename: Yamini S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Levitzky
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pencina
authors.forename: Ralph B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Meigs
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Murabito
authors.forename: Ramachandran S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Vasan
authors.forename: Caroline S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose