title: Interaction of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 genotypes modifies the risk for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-related acute gastrointestinal bleeding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze whether gene variants leading to impaired drug metabolism are related with acute gastrointestinal bleeding after nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Common CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms were studied in a cross-sectional study, involving 134 NSAID-related bleeding patients and in 177 patients receiving NSAID with no adverse effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among patients receiving NSAID that are CYP2C8/9 substrates the frequencies for carriers of variant alleles versus control patients were CYP2C8*3: 0.50 vs. 0.23 [odds ratio (OR); 95% confidence interval (CI)=3.4; 1.5-7.5; P=0.002], CYP2C9*2: 0.48 vs. 0.26 (OR; 95% CI=2.7; 1.2-5.8; P=0.013) and CYP2C9*3: 0.24 vs. 0.20 (OR; 95% CI=1.3; 0.5-3.1; P=0.578). The frequencies for carriers of the CYP2C8*3+CYP2C9*2 genotype were 0.40 vs. 0.15 (OR; 95% CI=3.7; 1.6-8.9; P=0.003). These findings were not influenced by sex, age, smoking or drinking habits. Among bleeding patients receiving NSAID that are not extensively metabolized by CYP2C8/9, no differences in genotypes or allele frequencies were observed as compared with control patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined presence of CYP2C8*3 and CYP2C9*2 (CYP2C8*3+CYP2C9*2 genotype), is a relevant determinant in the risk to develop gastrointestinal bleeding in patients receiving NSAID that are CYP2C8/9 substrates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Service of Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain.
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ladero
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garcia-Martin
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taxonera
authors.forename: Francisco G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Gamito
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diaz-Rubio
authors.forename: Jose A G
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Agundez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D065727:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000201:enzymology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C450259:CYP2C8 protein, human; D065727:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8