title: Androgen suppression and radiation vs radiation alone for prostate cancer: a randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Comorbidities may increase the negative effects of specific anticancer treatments such as androgen suppression therapy (AST).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare 6 months of AST and radiation therapy (RT) to RT alone and to assess the interaction between level of comorbidity and all-cause mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  At academic and community-based medical centers in Massachusetts, between December 1, 1995, and April 15, 2001, 206 men with localized but unfavorable-risk prostate cancer were randomized to receive RT alone or RT and AST combined. All-cause mortality estimates stratified by randomized treatment group and further stratified in a postrandomization analysis by the Adult Comorbidity Evaluation 27 comorbidity score were compared using a log-rank test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Time to all-cause mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As of January 15, 2007, with a median follow-up of 7.6 (range, 0.5-11.0) years, 74 deaths have occurred. A significant increase in the risk of all-cause mortality (44 vs 30 deaths; hazard ratio [HR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-2.9; P = .01) was observed in men randomized to RT compared with RT and AST. However, the increased risk in all-cause mortality appeared to apply only to men randomized to RT with no or minimal comorbidity (31 vs 11 deaths; HR, 4.2; 95% CI, 2.1-8.5; P < .001). Among men with moderate or severe comorbidity, those randomized to RT alone vs RT and AST did not have an increased risk of all-cause mortality (13 vs 19 deaths; HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.27-1.10; P = .08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of 6 months of AST to RT resulted in increased overall survival in men with localized but unfavorable-risk prostate cancer. This result may pertain only to men without moderate or severe comorbidity, but this requires further assessment in a clinical trial specifically designed to assess this interaction.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00116220.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. adamico@partners.org
authors.forename: Anthony V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: Ming-Hui
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Renshaw
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loffredo
authors.forename: Philip W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Kantoff
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002423:Cause of Death; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D015897:Comorbidity; D005485:Flutamide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D005485:Flutamide