title: Global mRNA expression analysis in myosin II deficient strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals an impairment of cell integrity functions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Saccharomyces cerevisiae MYO1 gene encodes the myosin II heavy chain (Myo1p), a protein required for normal cytokinesis in budding yeast. Myo1p deficiency in yeast (myo1Delta) causes a cell separation defect characterized by the formation of attached cells, yet it also causes abnormal budding patterns, formation of enlarged and elongated cells, increased osmotic sensitivity, delocalized chitin deposition, increased chitin synthesis, and hypersensitivity to the chitin synthase III inhibitor Nikkomycin Z. To determine how differential expression of genes is related to these diverse cell wall phenotypes, we analyzed the global mRNA expression profile of myo1Delta strains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Global mRNA expression profiles of myo1Delta strains and their corresponding wild type controls were obtained by hybridization to yeast oligonucleotide microarrays. Results for selected genes were confirmed by real time RT-PCR. A total of 547 differentially expressed genes (p < or = 0.01) were identified with 263 up regulated and 284 down regulated genes in the myo1Delta strains. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed the significant over-representation of genes in the protein biosynthesis and stress response categories. The SLT2/MPK1 gene was up regulated in the microarray, and a myo1Deltaslt2Delta double mutant was non-viable. Overexpression of ribosomal protein genes RPL30 and RPS31 suppressed the hypersensitivity to Nikkomycin Z and increased the levels of phosphorylated Slt2p in myo1Delta strains. Increased levels of phosphorylated Slt2p were also observed in wild type strains under these conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Following this analysis of global mRNA expression in yeast myo1Delta strains, we conclude that 547 genes were differentially regulated in myo1Delta strains and that the stress response and protein biosynthesis gene categories were coordinately regulated in this mutant. The SLT2/MPK1 gene was confirmed to be essential for myo1Delta strain viability, supporting that the up regulated stress response genes are regulated by the PKC1 cell integrity pathway. Suppression of Nikkomycin Z hypersensitivity together with Slt2p phosphorylation was caused by the overexpression of ribosomal protein genes RPL30 and RPS31. These ribosomal protein mRNAs were down regulated in the myo1Delta arrays, suggesting that down regulation of ribosomal biogenesis may affect cell integrity in myo1Delta strains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-5067, USA. francquimico@gmail.com
authors.forename: José F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Quiñones
authors.forename: Rafael A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Irizarry
authors.forename: Nitza L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Díaz-Blanco
authors.forename: Félix E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Rivera-Molina
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gómez-Garzón
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Medina
mesh_terms: D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D002468:Cell Physiological Phenomena; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D024462:Myosin Type II / Q000172:deficiency*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D012331:RNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D012331:RNA, Fungal; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C011952:nikkomycin; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D024462:Myosin Type II