title: A randomised crossover study of low-ankle-pressure graduated-compression tights in reducing flight-induced ankle oedema.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if low-ankle-pressure graduated-compression tights (GCTs) reduce flight-induced ankle oedema and subjectively rated travel symptoms of leg pain, discomfort and swelling, and improve energy levels, ability to concentrate, alertness, and post-flight sleep.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open, randomised crossover trial comparing the effects of GCTs (5 mmHg at ankle, 17-20 mmHg at calf and falling to 10 mmHg above knee and 4 mmHg at buttocks) among 50 adults on flights of 5 hours' or more duration between 1 May and 8 October 2006; 47 volunteers (pilots and passengers) completed the trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Differences in right ankle circumference before and after flight with GCTs and without GCTs; travel symptoms rated on visual analogue scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low-ankle-pressure GCTs decreased ankle swelling (mean difference, - 0.19 cm; 95% CI, - 0.33 to- 0.65 cm; P = 0.012). Participants reported their legs felt better (mean, 1.6; P < 0.001; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.1), warmer (mean, - 1.1; P < 0.001; 95% CI, - 1.6 to- 0.6), and they had a better night's sleep (mean, 1.2; P < 0.001; 95% CI, 0.8 to 1.7) after the flight when they wore GCTs. Shifts in rating-scale probability distributions showed improvements in the ratings of pain (60%; P < 0.001), leg discomfort (50%; P = 0.001), leg swelling (45%; P = 0.006), energy levels (18%; P = 0.016), alertness levels (13%; P = 0.031), and concentration (12%; P = 0.023) when wearing GCTs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-ankle-pressure GCTs reduce flight-induced ankle oedema and subjectively rated travel symptoms of leg pain, discomfort and swelling, and improve energy levels, ability to concentrate, alertness, and post-flight sleep.
authors.affiliation: MPro, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. melissahagan@bigpond.com
authors.forename: Melissa J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hagan
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lambert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000401:Aircraft; D000842:Ankle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004487:Edema / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D053828:Stockings, Compression; D014195:Travel