title: [An elderly case of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma (HHNC)].
abstract: A 79-year old woman was admitted with disturbed consciousness (JCS II-30). She had been given a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes 7 years previously, and was being treated with oral hypoglycemic agents. She also suffered Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Plasma glucose and HbA1c upon admission was 676mg/dl and 9.7%, respectively. Serum Na was 153mEq/l. Urine ketone body test was negative and metabolic acidosis was not observed. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma (HHNC) was diagnosed, and treatment was started immediately with normal saline infusion. Continuous infusion of regular insulin was needed to lower blood glucose. Disturbed consciousness and dehydration improved by the third hospital day. However, she became bedridden afterwards and received tube feeding. Up to 46 units of insulin was needed daily to control blood glucose. Urine C-peptide secretion was very low (10microg/day), suggesting that insulin therapy was essential for glycemic control long before admission. It is thought that a number of elderly diabetic patients who need insulin therapy do not receive or continue it for various reasons. Discussion is necessary to grasp the actual situation and defensive actions that can be taken.
authors.affiliation: Geriatrics and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakae
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toyoshima
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimokado
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006944:Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy