title: Emotional expression in children treated with ADHD medication: development of a new measure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although existing instruments contain items addressing the effect of ADHD medications on emotional expression, a review of measures did not yield any instruments that thoroughly evaluated positive and negative aspects of emotional expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Expression and Emotion Scale for Children (EESC), a parent-report measure, was developed from an analysis of qualitative data from parent focus groups and expert opinion. Data from 179 parents and children treated with stimulants or atomoxetine are used to examine the psychometric properties of the EESC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EESC demonstrates good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. A factor analysis yields three factors (positive, flat, and emotional lability) that were consistent with the predicted structure of the measure. Small to moderate correlations between the EESC and psychological symptom measures are found, with the strength of the relationships varying by symptom measure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EESC shows appropriate psychometric properties and is appropriate for use in clinical and research settings.
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly & Company.
authors.forename: Amy R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Perwien
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kratochvil
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faries
authors.forename: Brigette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Busner
authors.forename: Keith E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Saylor
authors.forename: Curtis M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Buermeyer
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Swindle
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D019260:Expressed Emotion; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011594:Psychometrics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate