title: Ror2 modulates the canonical Wnt signaling in lung epithelial cells through cooperation with Fzd2.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wnt signaling is mediated through 1) the beta-catenin dependent canonical pathway and, 2) the beta-catenin independent pathways. Multiple receptors, including Fzds, Lrps, Ror2 and Ryk, are involved in Wnt signaling. Ror2 is a single-span transmembrane receptor-tyrosine kinase (RTK). The functions of Ror2 in mediating the non-canonical Wnt signaling have been well established. The role of Ror2 in canonical Wnt signaling is not fully understood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we report that Ror2 also positively modulates Wnt3a-activated canonical signaling in a lung carcinoma, H441 cell line. This activity of Ror2 is dependent on cooperative interactions with Fzd2 but not Fzd7. In addition, Ror2-mediated enhancement of canonical signaling requires the extracellular CRD, but not the intracellular PRD domain of Ror2. We further provide evidence that the positive effect of Ror2 on canonical Wnt signaling is inhibited by Dkk1 and Krm1 suggesting that Ror2 enhances an Lrp-dependent STF response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study demonstrates the function of Ror2 in modulating canonical Wnt signaling. These findings support a functional scheme whereby regulation of Wnt signaling is achieved by cooperative functions of multiple mediators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. changgon@usc.edu
authors.forename: Changgong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lingyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Tomoyo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Maria F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Villosis
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Michiru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishita
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Parviz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Minoo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D051157:Frizzled Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D057050:Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D060508:Wnt3 Protein; D060509:Wnt3A Protein
chemical_list: C489742:FZD2 protein, human; C115810:FZD7 protein, human; D051157:Frizzled Receptors; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C555510:WNT3A protein, human; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D060508:Wnt3 Protein; D060509:Wnt3A Protein; C078717:ROR2 protein, human; D057050:Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors