title: Tear concentrations of azithromycin following topical administration of a single dose of azithromycin 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% eyedrops (T1225) in healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate azithromycin tear concentrations after one drop of T1225 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% eyedrops.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized, double-masked study, 91 healthy volunteers received one drop into each eye of T1225 0.5% (n=23), T1225 1.0% (n=38), or T1225 1.5% (n=38). Azithromycin tear concentrations were measured by HPLC-MS at seven time points for 24 hours. Tolerability was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  T1225 1.0% and 1.5% had similar pharmacokinetic profiles. After a post-instillation peak (167 to 178 mg/L after 10 minutes), mean concentrations remained above 7 mg/L for 24 hours (except for T1225 1% at H24). A delayed increase of the azithromycin mean tear concentration might be explained by the known late azithromycin release from tissues after storage in cells. Areas under inhibitory curve (AUICs) of T1225 1.0% and 1.5% were higher than AUICs of T1225 0.5% and ranged between 47 and 90. The three T1225 concentrations were safe for the ocular surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Once daily instillation of T1225 1.0% and 1.5% was shown to reach an AUIC markedly above the required threshold for an antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (25-35). These results suggest that a BID instillation is more likely to ensure antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (threshold >100).
authors.affiliation: Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique, Bâtiment du Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France. fchiambaretta@chu-clermontferrand.fr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiambaretta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garraffo
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Elena
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pouliquen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Delval
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rigal
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dubray
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goldschmidt
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tabbara
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cochereau
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D017963:Azithromycin