title: The association between school attendance, HIV infection and sexual behaviour among young people in rural South Africa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the prevalence of HIV infection among young people, and sexual behaviours associated with increased HIV risk, are differentially distributed between students and those not attending school or college.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random population sample of unmarried young people (916 males, 1003 females) aged 14-25 years from rural South Africa in 2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on school attendance and HIV risk characteristics came from structured face-to-face interviews. HIV serostatus was assessed by oral fluid ELISA. Logistic regression models specified HIV serostatus and high-risk behaviours as outcome variables. The primary exposure was school attendance. Models were adjusted for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIV knowledge, communication about sex and HIV testing were similarly distributed among students and non-students. The lifetime number of partners was lower for students of both sexes (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for more than three partners for men 0.67; 95% CI 0.44 to 1.00; aOR for more than two partners for women 0.69; 95% CI 0.46 to 1.04). Among young women, fewer students reported having partners more than three years older than themselves (aOR 0.58; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.92), having sex more than five times with a partner (aOR 0.57; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.87) and unprotected intercourse during the past year (aOR 0.60; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.91). Male students were less likely to be HIV positive than non-students (aOR 0.21; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.71).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Attending school was associated with lower-risk sexual behaviours and, among young men, lower HIV prevalence. Secondary school attendance may influence the structure of sexual networks and reduce HIV risk. Maximising school attendance may reduce HIV transmission among young people.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK. james.hargreaves@lshtm.ac.uk
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Morison
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Bonell
authors.forename: J D H
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Busza
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Phetla
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pronyk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology / Q000635:transmission; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012574:Schools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*