title: The early human germ cell lineage does not express SOX2 during in vivo development or upon in vitro culture.
abstract: NANOG, POU5F1, and SOX2 are required by the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and act cooperatively to maintain pluripotency in both mouse and human embryonic stem cells. Inadequacy of any one of them causes loss of the undifferentiated state. Mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs), from which pluripotent embryonic germ cells (EGCs) are derived, also express POU5F1, NANOG, and SOX2. Thus, a similar expression profile has been predicted for human PGCs. Here we show by RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry that human PGCs express POU5F1 and NANOG but not SOX2, with no evidence of redundancy within the group B family of human SOX genes. Although lacking SOX2, proliferative human germ cells can still be identified in situ during early development and are capable of culture in vitro. Surprisingly, with the exception of FGF4, many stem cell-restricted SOX2 target genes remained detected within the human SOX2-negative germ cell lineage. These studies demonstrate an unexpected difference in gene expression between human and mouse. The human PGC is the first primary cell type described to express POU5F1 and NANOG but not SOX2. The data also provide a new reference point for studies attempting to turn human stem cells into gametes by normal developmental pathways for the treatment of infertility.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Genetics Division, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rebecca M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Perrett
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Turnpenny
authors.forename: Judith J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Shea
authors.forename: Si Brask
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Sonne
authors.forename: Iain T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rajpert-De Meyts
authors.forename: Neil A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Hanley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000235:genetics*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology*; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D024002:HMGB Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010053:Ovary / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D024002:HMGB Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C486780:NANOG protein, human; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; C475540:Nanog protein, mouse; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; C494173:POU5F1 protein, human; C494174:Pou5f1 protein, mouse; C527782:SOX2 protein, human; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; C527783:Sox2 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors