title: Pre-morbid intelligence, the metabolic syndrome and mortality: the Vietnam Experience Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the relationship between pre-morbid intelligence quotient (IQ) and the metabolic syndrome, and assessed the role of the metabolic syndrome as a mediating factor in the association of IQ with total and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cohort study, 4,157 men with IQ test results from late adolescence or early adulthood [mean age (range) 20.4 (16-30) years] attended a clinical examination in middle-age [38.3 (31-46) years] at which the components of the metabolic syndrome were measured. They were then followed for 15 years to assess mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In age-adjusted analyses, IQ was significantly inversely related to four of the five individual components comprising the metabolic syndrome: hypertension, high BMI, high triglycerides and high blood glucose, but not low HDL-cholesterol. After controlling for a range of covariates that included socioeconomic position, higher IQ scores were associated with a reduced prevalence of the metabolic syndrome itself (odds ratio(1 SD increase in IQ) 0.87, 95% CI 0.78-0.98). Structural equation modelling revealed that education was not a mediator of the relationship between IQ and the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome partially mediated the relationship between IQ and CVD but not that between IQ and total mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this cohort, higher scores on a pre-morbid IQ test were associated with a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and most of its components. The metabolic syndrome was a mediating variable in the IQ-CVD relationship.
authors.affiliation: MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK. david-b@sphsu.mrc.ac.uk
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Batty
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gale
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Langenberg
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shipley
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Deary
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D008889:Military Personnel; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D006113:United Kingdom; D047829:Vietnam Conflict