title: Radiation therapy for recurrent esophageal cancer after surgery: clinical results and prognostic factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcome of radiotherapy for recurrent esophageal cancer after surgery and to determine the prognostic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1987 through 2002, 82 patients treated with radiotherapy for loco-regional recurrences of esophageal cancer after surgery were retrospectively reviewed. The stage at initial surgery was I in 16, II in 41, III or higher in 24 and unknown in 1. The median size of recurrent tumors was 3.5 cm in diameter. Fifty-two patients were treated with radiotherapy alone, and 30 were treated with radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. The median total dose of external radiotherapy given was 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median survival period after recurrence was 7.0 months. The 2- and 5-year overall survival rate for all patients was 22 and 11%, respectively. In univariate analysis, the patients with performance status (PS) = 0-1, or tumor size <3.5 cm, and those treated with total dose >/=50 Gy showed a better survival outcome than each the other groups. The patients with a history of previous radiotherapy showed a poorer survival outcome in univariate analysis than each the other groups. In multivariate analysis, tumor size, PS and radiation dose were independent prognostic factors for overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prognosis of patients with post-operative loco-regional recurrence of esophageal cancer is poor. However, a long-term survival may be expected by definitive radiotherapy for the patients with small-size tumors and with a good PS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. yshioyama@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shioyama
authors.forename: Katsumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Saiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohga
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nomoto
authors.forename: Tomonari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toba
authors.forename: Tadamasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshitake
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terashima
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Honda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome