title: Rotational profile of the lower limb in 1319 healthy children.
abstract: Lower limb rotational profile in children may cause great concern to parents and relatives. In order to give parents clear information, there is a need for referential studies giving normative data of lower limb rotational profile and its normal changes expected over growth. Our aim was to collect a large clinical series of healthy children, out of a clinic, selected from a non-consulting population and to analyse Tibial Torsion and Femoral Anteversion according to age and gender. One thousand three hundred and nineteen healthy children underwent a clinical evaluation. Tibial Torsion was assessed using the method described by Staheli and Engel, whereas Femoral Anteversion was assessed using the method described by Netter. Our results showed that there was a significant difference between males and females in Femoral Anteversion, whereas there was no significant difference between the right side and the left side. Femoral Anteversion was higher in females, and was markedly correlated with age in both genders. There was no significant difference between males and females in Tibial Torsion, nor significant difference between the right side and the left side. Tibial Torsion was slightly correlated with age in both genders. Normative data were statistically defined in this work using the +/-2S.D. range. To our knowledge, there is no large and comprehensive series in the English speaking literature that gives normative data of Femoral Anteversion. Concerning Tibial Torsion, our results compared to those published in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Timone Children's Hospital, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jacquemier
authors.forename: Yann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Glard
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pomero
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Viehweger
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jouve
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bollini
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012399:Rotation; D012737:Sex Factors; D013977:Tibia / Q000502:physiology; D054159:Torsion, Mechanical