title: [Ecological assessment of executive functions in a patient with acquired brain injury].
abstract: Dysexecutive syndrome is one of the most frequent sequel of severe traumatic brain injury. It causes severe disabilities and it is incompletely assessed by the classical "paper and pencil" neuropsychological tests. We developed an ecological assessment conducted in a naturalistic situation, consisting of a cooking task, and we described a classification of errors. This assessment is very sensitive, even to a mild dysexecutive syndrome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the disabilities in activities of daily living of a traumatic brain-injured patient and to demonstrate the sensitivity of an ill-structured ecological assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a single case study illustrating how the ecological assessment by the cooking task helped better understand and characterize the patient's disabilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient presented severe disabilities in daily life activities, which were well described by his family. His cognitive disorders were mild in the cognitive tests, even those supposed to be more ecological, such as the Six Elements Task or script generation. He exhibited very severe disorders in the cooking task, with a very high number of errors. Moreover, duration of the cooking task was very long; he did not achieve the goal and exhibited dangerous behaviour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cooking task involves abilities to deal with multitasking, which particularly involve executive functions. The most severe disorders were observed during the patient's interaction with the environment while conducting a complex goal-directed action plan, indicating control disorders. This type of naturalistic assessment provides very useful information to help patients organise their familial, social or professional reintegration.
authors.affiliation: Service de rééducation des pathologies neurologiques acquises de l'enfant, INR A, hôpital national de Saint-Maurice, 14, rue du Val-d'Osne, 94410 Saint-Maurice, France. m.chevignard@hopital-saint-maurice.fr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chevignard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taillefer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Picq
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pradat-Diehl
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000647:Amnesia / Q000209:etiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003296:Cooking; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors