title: Reporting medical errors to improve patient safety: a survey of physicians in teaching hospitals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Collecting data on medical errors is essential for improving patient safety, but factors affecting error reporting by physicians are poorly understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey of faculty and resident physicians in the midwest, mid-Atlantic, and northeast regions of the United States to investigate reporting of actual errors, likelihood of reporting hypothetical errors, attitudes toward reporting errors, and demographic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Responses were received from 338 participants (response rate, 74.0%). Most respondents agreed that reporting errors improves the quality of care for future patients (84.3%) and would likely report a hypothetical error resulting in minor (73%) or major (92%) harm to a patient. However, only 17.8% of respondents had reported an actual minor error (resulting in prolonged treatment or discomfort), and only 3.8% had reported an actual major error (resulting in disability or death). Moreover, 16.9% acknowledged not reporting an actual minor error, and 3.8% acknowledged not reporting an actual major error. Only 54.8% of respondents knew how to report errors, and only 39.5% knew what kind of errors to report. Multivariate analyses of answers to hypothetical vignettes showed that willingness to report was positively associated with believing that reporting improves the quality of care, knowing how to report errors, believing in forgiveness, and being a faculty physician (vs a resident).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most faculty and resident physicians are inclined to report harm-causing hypothetical errors, but only a minority have actually reported an error.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. lauris-kaldjian@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Lauris C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Kaldjian
authors.forename: Elizabeth W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Barry J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Valerie L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Forman-Hoffman
authors.forename: Benjamin H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: Gary E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D019300:Medical Errors; D010820:Physicians; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012308:Risk Management; D012449:Safety; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014342:Truth Disclosure