title: Economic burden of psoriatic arthritis.
abstract: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory arthritis in association with skin psoriasis (Ps). PsA may show a heterogeneous and variable clinical course, with involvement of peripheral and axial diarthrodial joints, periarticular structures such as entheses, as well as the skin and nails. Evidence is increasing that affected patients can have significant radiographic joint damage, functional impairment, reduced quality of life (QOL) and long-term work disability. The economic burden of PsA can be considerable. There is an increasing interest in pharmacoeconomic evaluations in PsA, driven mostly by the introduction of highly effective but expensive biologic agents, particularly inhibitors of the proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Treatment with TNFalpha inhibitors results in not only substantial improvements in signs and symptoms of arthritis, but also improvements in all distinct sites of the disease, such as axial arthritis, dactylitis, enthesitis and skin disease. There is a dearth of published pharmacoeconomic evaluations in the field of PsA. The notable clinical efficacy of the TNFalpha inhibitors needs to be factored into a comprehensive assessment of their value. Further analyses are needed to optimize the use of the new biologic agents in PsA.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Innovative Therapy, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0943, USA.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ackermann
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kavanaugh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015535:Arthritis, Psoriatic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006801:Humans; D012106:Research; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha