Airborne ammonia and ammonium within the Northern Adriatic area, Croatia.
Determination of airborne ammonia started in the early 1980s, as a part of air pollution monitoring of industrial plants. Due to high emissions, the city of Rijeka was one of the most polluted in Croatia in the mid-1980s. Considerable reductions in SO2 and NO(x) emissions led to lower airborne levels of these pollutants in the mid 1990s. In spite of the coke plant closure in 1994, there was only a weak decline in airborne ammonia over the period 1980--2005, with annual means in the range of 12-20 microg m(-3) at urban Site 1 and 6-28 microg m(-3) at suburban Site 2. Similar behaviour has been observed with ammonium in bulk rainwater samples since 1996. Higher and approximately equal deposition of nitrogen as ammonium (N-NH4+) were obtained for the urban Site 1 and the mountainous Site 4, but with different causative facts. Ammonium's contribution to total nitrogen (NO3(-)+NH4+) deposition is approximately two thirds, even for a remote Site 3.
Alebic-Juretic
Ana
A
Teaching Institute of Public Health, Kresimirova 52a, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia. alebic@riteh.hr
D015258:Acid Rain / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis*; D017523:Croatia; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013455:Sulfur / Q000032:analysis; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D014507:Urbanization; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
D015258:Acid Rain; D000393:Air Pollutants; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D013455:Sulfur; D000641:Ammonia; D009584:Nitrogen; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide