title: Nutritive value of timothy fertilized with chloride or chloride-containing liquid swine manure.
abstract: Chloride fertilization of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) decreases forage dietary cation-anion difference to an acceptable value [(<250 mmol(c)/kg of dry matter (DM)] for dry dairy cows (Bos taurus). However, high Cl concentrations in forages as a result of fertilization might affect nutritive value. Two experiments were used to evaluate the effects of chloride fertilization on timothy spring growth and summer regrowth by determining concentrations of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro true digestibility of DM (IVTD), and in vitro digestibility of NDF (dNDF). In an inorganic fertilization experiment, forages grown at 4 locations were fertilized with CaCl(2) (0, 80, 160, and 240 kg of Cl/ha per yr) or NH(4)Cl (160 kg of Cl/ha per yr) in combination with 2 N application rates (70 and 140 kg of N/ha per yr). The increase in Cl fertilization rate affected forage NDF concentration (+1.4%), IVTD (-0.8%), and dNDF (-1.2%) only at the highest rate of N fertilization, but this effect was not of biological importance. Crude protein concentration was not affected by Cl fertilization. Both Cl fertilizer types had a similar impact on forage nutritive value. In an organic fertilization experiment, forages grown at 2 locations received 1 of 7 experimental treatments [unfertilized control, inorganic fertilizer, raw liquid swine manure (LSM), and liquid fractions of 4 pretreated LSM types (decanted, filtered, anaerobically digested, and flocculated)] that provided, respectively, 0, 60, 41, 44, 44, 36, and 101 kg of Cl/ha per yr. The last 6 fertilizer treatments also provided 140 kg of N/ha per yr. The IVTD, dNDF, and concentration of NDF in timothy forage were not affected by the Cl content of the different LSM types. Nitrogen fertilization increased concentration of forage NDF and decreased IVTD and dNDF, but this effect was not biologically important. In both experiments, soil types and harvests had a negligible effect on forage nutritive value. Organic or inorganic Cl fertilizers applied to decrease timothy dietary cation-anion difference have little or no effect on forage nutritive value.
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre, Québec, Canada. pelletiers@agr.gc.ca
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pelletier
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bélanger
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chantigny
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seguin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Drapeau
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Allard
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D002712:Chlorides; D005260:Female; D005308:Fertilizers; D008372:Manure; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D009753:Nutritive Value; D031784:Phleum
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D005308:Fertilizers; D008372:Manure; D009584:Nitrogen