title: Vitamin and mineral deficiencies in the developed world and their effect on the eye and vision.
abstract: Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are common in developing countries, but also occur in developed countries. We review micronutrient deficiencies for the major vitamins A, cobalamin (B(12)), biotin (vitamin H), vitamins C and E, as well as the minerals iron, and zinc, in the developed world, in terms of their relationship to systemic health and any resulting ocular disease and/or visual dysfunction. A knowledge of these effects is important as individuals with consequent poor ocular health and reduced visual function may present for ophthalmic care.
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. a_whatham@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Whatham
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eperjesi
authors.forename: Caron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suttle
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gaskin
mesh_terms: D001361:Avitaminosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019049:Developed Countries; D005123:Eye / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins