title: Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strains isolated before 1992 from Varanasi, India are multiple drug resistant, contain intSXT, dfr18 and aadA5 genes.
abstract: In this study, we report the presence of the SXT element and Class I integron in Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strains isolated from Varanasi, India. Isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole, trimethoprim and/or streptomycin, furazolidone and ampicillin. None contained plasmids. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing revealed the presence of antibiotic resistance gene cassettes, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5 and dfrA15, in the Class I integron and SXT, an integrative conjugative element containing dfr18, sulII and strAB, in three and six of the isolates respectively. Conjugation experiments, followed by PCR analysis of transconjugants, provided evidence for the transferable nature of intSXT and associated antibiotic resistance gene cassettes. This is the first report of the occurrence of SXT ICE, dfr18, sulII, strAB and aadA5 genes in environmental V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strains from Varanasi, India, that had been isolated before 1992.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar- 751023, Orissa, India.
authors.forename: Harapriya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mohapatra
authors.forename: Saswat S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Mohapatra
authors.forename: Chinmay K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Mantri
authors.forename: Rita R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Colwell
authors.forename: Durg V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005664:Furazolidone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D019426:Integrases / Q000235:genetics; D032023:Integrons / Q000235:genetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D013307:Streptomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000494:pharmacology; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000494:pharmacology; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D044163:Vibrio cholerae non-O1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists; D005664:Furazolidone; D000667:Ampicillin; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D014295:Trimethoprim; D019426:Integrases; D013307:Streptomycin