title: Obstetric gel shortens second stage of labor and prevents perineal trauma in nulliparous women: a randomized controlled trial on labor facilitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the obstetric gel shortens the second stage of labor and exerts a protective effect on the perineum.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 251 nulliparous women with singleton low-risk pregnancies in vertex position at term were recruited. A total of 228 eligible women were randomly assigned to Group A, without obstetric gel use, or to Group B, obstetric gel use, i.e., intermittent application into the birth canal during vaginal examinations, starting at the early first stage of labor (prior to 4 cm dilation) and ending with delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 183 cases were analyzed. For vaginal deliveries without interventions, such as C-section, vaginal operative procedure or Kristeller maneuver, obstetric gel use significantly shortened the second stage of labor by 26 min (30%) (P=0.026), and significantly reduced perineal tears (P=0.024). First stage of labor and total labor duration were also shortened, but not significantly. Results did not show a significant change in secondary outcome parameters, such as intervention rates or maternal and newborn outcomes. No side effects were observed with obstetric gel use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systematic vaginal application of obstetric gel showed a significant reduction in the second stage of labor and a significant increase in perineal integrity. Future studies should further investigate the effect on intervention rates and maternal and neonatal outcome parameters.
authors.affiliation: Happy Child Birth Holding AG Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andreas F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Schaub
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Litschgi
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hoesli
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Holzgreve
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bleul
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Geissbühler
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000328:Adult; D002482:Cellulose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007748:Labor Stage, Second / Q000187:drug effects*; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010298:Parity; D010502:Perineum / Q000293:injuries*; D011247:Pregnancy; D019946:Propylene Glycol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012102:Reproductive Control Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D012102:Reproductive Control Agents; D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies; C006903:carbopol 940; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D002482:Cellulose; C002283:hydroxyethylcellulose