title: Advances in management of limb length discrepancy and lower limb deformity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Limb length discrepancy and lower extremity angular deformity are among the most common nontraumatic conditions in children for which orthopedic referral is sought. There are a number of developments in the surgical management of these problems which have facilitated and improved the quality of care of affected individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In recent years, we have developed an improved understanding of ramifications of limb length discrepancy on gait. New treatment options for both limb length discrepancy and deformity include the method of 'guided growth' using small, extraphyseal plates. External fixator technology continues to improve, allowing correction of limb length discrepancy and angular and rotational deformities simultaneously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of these techniques for the treatment of limb length discrepancy and angular deformity has expanded the indications for surgical management and decreased the incidence and severity of potential complications.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Friend
authors.forename: Roger F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Widmann
mesh_terms: D001852:Bone Lengthening / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007870:Leg Length Inequality / Q000601:surgery*; D038061:Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D009984:Orthopedic Fixation Devices