title: Development and content validity testing of the Cardiac Symptom Survey in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting often experience numerous symptoms after surgery. There is a need for a symptom tool for this population that is disease-specific, comprehensive, and responsive to change.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to describe the development and preliminary content validity testing of the Cardiac Symptom Survey (CSS), assess further content validity of the CSS through an expert panel, and assess responsiveness of the CSS to change.
  
  
  METHODS
  The original development of the CSS is described. An expert panel of four judges was used to rate the clarity of the items (content validity) and the relevance of the symptoms and items to the domain. Responsiveness to change of the CSS was assessed in a sample of 90 subjects who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Percent agreement and content validity index coefficients ranged from .90 to 1.00. Repeated measures analyses of variance showed significant changes over time as hypothesized in some of the symptom evaluation and symptom response scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Support is documented for both content validity and responsiveness of the CSS.
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Nursing-Lincoln Division, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0220, USA.
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nieveen
authors.forename: Lani M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Barnason
authors.forename: Bernice C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Yates
mesh_terms: D000787:Angina Pectoris; D002637:Chest Pain; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011184:Postoperative Period; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile