title: Cisplatin-mediated sensitivity to TRAIL-induced cell death in human granulosa tumor cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the present study was to determine the efficacy of combinatorial treatment using cisplatin and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis including ligand (TRAIL) to promote apoptosis in granulosa cell tumor (GCT) lines, in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two human GCT lines (COV434 and KGN) were treated with cisplatin or TRAIL, alone or in combination. The cytotoxic effects of each treatment were evaluated using a methyl tetrazolium salt (MTS) assay. Initiation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis was verified by PARP- and FLIP-cleavage. Overexpression and knockdown studies were conducted to evaluate the role of p53 in TRAIL-induced cell death. Real-time PCR was used for gene expression analysis of the TRAIL receptor dr5 and the pro-apoptotic bax following treatment with cisplatin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with TRAIL (100-200 ng/ml) led to a slight, but significant, loss of cell viability following an 18-h culture. This effect was enhanced following pre-treatment with cisplatin (25 microM) for 2 or 18 h. Moreover, pre-treatment with cisplatin decreased the maximal effective dose of TRAIL from 100 ng/ml to as low as 3 ng/ml in both cell lines. GCT lines overexpressing or deficient in p53 were used to determine the requirement for p53 on TRAIL-induced apoptosis. While the level of p53 expression enhanced both the death-inducing and TRAIL-sensitizing effects of cisplatin, TRAIL-induced cell death was found to occur independent of p53.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the efficacy of cisplatin in GCT cells can be enhanced through combinatorial treatment with TRAIL. This result is due to both p53-dependent (cisplatin) and -independent (TRAIL) mechanisms. Combinatorial treatment of GCTs with cisplatin and TRAIL may provide an efficacious addition to cisplatin-based regimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and the Walther Cancer Research Center, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
authors.forename: Dori C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006106:Granulosa Cell Tumor / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D002945:Cisplatin