title: Assessment of live kidney donors by magnetic resonance angiography: reliability and impact on outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kidney allograft retrieval from live donors requires accurate determination of kidney anatomy prior to surgery, particularly the arterial supply. Traditionally, conventional angiography has been used to obtain this information. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) offers a non-invasive, cost-effective alternative, but has been considered to be less accurate. Despite this criticism, many centers have moved to MRA screening of potential kidney donors. The objective of this study is to evaluate our experience of the reliability of MRA in determining the arterial anatomy of living kidney donors as compared to the intra-operative findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of gadolinium-enhanced, ultra-fast, three-dimensional, spoiled gradient-echo MRA in live kidney donors in the Southern Alberta Transplant Program and compared these results with the intra-operative findings during nephrectomy, as the gold standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 66 patients, an accessory renal artery was found intra-operatively in eight cases; two of which were erroneously diagnosed as normal by MRA. The negative predictive value for MRA was 0.97, false-negative rate was 0.25, and sensitivity was 0.75. No patient experienced side-effects from the MRA procedure. No donor needed conversion to open nephrectomy because of an undetected accessory renal artery. One allograft with an accessory renal artery developed thrombosis of the lower pole of the kidney despite arterial reconstruction. Kidney function in the recipient of this allograft was excellent and there was no urinary leak.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our hands, MRA determined the vascular anatomy of potential kidney donors with an acceptable negative predictive value of 97%.
authors.affiliation: Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada. mauricio.monroy@calgaryhealthregion.ca
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monroy-Cuadros
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Anastasio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D019520:Living Donors; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome