title: Increased messenger ribonucleic acid expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 in cleavage-stage human embryos exhibiting developmental arrest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify p27 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in human arrested and normally developing embryos and nonfertilized oocytes to determine whether the p27 protein abundance, reported in cleavage-stage embryos exhibiting developmental arrest, is regulated at the mRNA expression level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the expression of p27 in three samples: arrested embryos (group A, n = 29), normally developing embryos (group D, n = 34), and nonfertilized oocytes (group O, n = 20).
  
  
  METHODS
  Research laboratory working closely with a clinical IVF practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oocytes and embryos were obtained from patients undergoing assisted fertilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantification of mRNA transcripts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amount of p27 mRNA was statistically significantly higher in group A (mean +/- SEM, 86,143 +/- 42,496 relative units [RU]) compared with groups D (10,680 +/- 3,850 RU) and O (3,555 +/- 1,458 RU). Furthermore, in a group of 13 two- to four-cell arrested embryos, high levels of p27 mRNA (51,481 +/- 31,120 RU) were found in comparison with the nonfertilized oocyte group (3,555 +/- 1,458 RU).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cleavage-stage human embryos exhibiting developmental arrest show increased p27 mRNA expression. This probably is due to increased transcriptional activity.
authors.affiliation: Institut Clínic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Salvadora
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cívico
authors.forename: Neus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agell
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: Elías
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Campo
authors.forename: Oriol
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bachs
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balasch
mesh_terms: D002970:Cleavage Stage, Ovum / Q000378:metabolism*; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27