title: Relationships among severity of osteonecrosis, pain, range of motion, and functional mobility in children, adolescents, and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Up to 38% of children receiving treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) develop osteonecrosis, often without symptoms. Little is known about the association between the degree of osteonecrosis and functional mobility in this population. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among the degree of osteonecrosis, pain, range of motion (ROM), and functional mobility in people with ALL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three subjects aged 5 to 27 years with ALL and osteonecrosis participated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The extent of osteonecrosis was determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hip and knee according to 2 classification systems, including the Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) and a knee staging scale. Pain, hip and knee ROM, and the Timed Up and Down Stairs (TUDS) Test were used as measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlations were observed between ARCO and hip pain (r=.34), between hip flexion ROM and hip pain (r=-.34), and between knee pain and time on the TUDS Test (r=-.35).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical therapists should consider that people with ALL may have hip or knee osteonecrosis without clinical symptoms. This notion supports the need for MRI in addition to a comprehensive examination of functional mobility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Health Sciences, Health Science Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tenn, USA. marchese@lvc.edu
authors.forename: Victoria G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Marchese
authors.forename: Barbara H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Able
authors.forename: April R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Booten
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: Bethany M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Shesh N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hancock
authors.forename: Ching-Hon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Pui
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Mike D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Neel
authors.forename: Sue C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kaste
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D053587:Arthrometry, Articular; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids