title: Computer and physical modeling of blood circulation pump support for a new field of application in palliative surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One of the most popular palliative procedures performed to increase pulmonary blood flow in children with congenital heart defects is a shunt operation (Blalock-Taussig graft or Glenn procedure), which creates the new blood channel to the pulmonary artery. The main problem with this kind of surgery is poor shunt effectiveness and the lack of possibility to regulate the flow. The aim of this work is to use advanced computer simulation methods to study the effectiveness of a new idea to introduce a small axial blood pump into a Blalock-Taussig (B-T) or Glenn shunt in order to control the blood flow and prevent any increase in the graft stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physical and computer 3-D simulation based on a finite element mesh (FEM) model was applied. Studies for optimization of the shunt and hybrid shunt with pump were performed for different stages of the disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The graft with the axial pump creates good conditions for the vascular system and pulmonary artery blood flow as well as regulating blood pressure under variable conditions caused by palliative procedures. Its use permits the afterload of the left heart ventricle to be decreased. A palliative procedure is only a temporary solution. When a child grows, while the graft size is fixed, the blood flow through this graft may be not sufficient under changing hemodynamic conditions. The use of an axial pump for regulating the blood flow volume, during palliative procedures, allows to obtain the optimal flow conditions in pulmonary artery and safely wait on the final cardiac surgery correction later. However, the use of a pump mounted inside the graft increased hemodynamic resistance, which caused the flow to decrease up to 70% in the graft when the axial pump was not working.
authors.affiliation: Foundation of Cardiac Surgery Development, Zabrze, Poland. zmalota@o2.pl
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Małota
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nawrat
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kostka
mesh_terms: D001243:Assisted Circulation; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D018610:Heart Bypass, Right; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D010166:Palliative Care; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000502:physiology