title: Deafferentation-associated changes in afferent and efferent processes in the guinea pig cochlea and afferent regeneration with chronic intrascalar brain-derived neurotrophic factor and acidic fibroblast growth factor.
abstract: Deafferentation of the auditory nerve from loss of sensory cells is associated with degeneration of nerve fibers and spiral ganglion neurons (SGN). SGN survival following deafferentation can be enhanced by application of neurotrophic factors (NTF), and NTF can induce the regrowth of SGN peripheral processes. Cochlear prostheses could provide targets for regrowth of afferent peripheral processes, enhancing neural integration of the implant, decreasing stimulation thresholds, and increasing specificity of stimulation. The present study analyzed distribution of afferent and efferent nerve fibers following deafness in guinea pigs using specific markers (parvalbumin for afferents, synaptophysin for efferent fibers) and the effect of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in combination with acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF). Immediate treatment following deafness was compared with 3-week-delayed NTF treatment. Histology of the cochlea with immunohistochemical techniques allowed quantitative analysis of neuron and axonal changes. Effects of NTF were assessed at the light and electron microscopic levels. Chronic BDNF/aFGF resulted in a significantly increased number of afferent peripheral processes in both immediate- and delayed-treatment groups. Outgrowth of afferent nerve fibers into the scala tympani were observed, and SGN densities were found to be higher than in normal hearing animals. These new SGN might have developed from endogenous progenitor/stem cells, recently reported in human and mouse cochlea, under these experimental conditions of deafferentation-induced stress and NTF treatment. NTF treatment provided no enhanced maintenance of efferent fibers, although some synaptophysin-positive fibers were detected at atypical sites, suggesting some sprouting of efferent fibers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Glueckert
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bitsche
authors.forename: Josef M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Yaying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Diane M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Prieskorn
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Altschuler
authors.forename: Anneliese
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schrott-Fischer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003051:Cochlea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D003638:Deafness / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D004976:Ethacrynic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007612:Kanamycin / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D009476:Neurons, Efferent / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D010320:Parvalbumins / Q000378:metabolism; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D016708:Synaptophysin / Q000378:metabolism; D013995:Time
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010320:Parvalbumins; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D016708:Synaptophysin; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1; D007612:Kanamycin; D004976:Ethacrynic Acid