title: Comparing the protective effects of ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin and levofloxacin in mice with lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injuries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin and levofloxacin are recognized immunomodulators. Their effects in acute lung injuries have not been tested. This study compared the immunoprotective effects of these agents in mice with lung injuries induced by LPS by measuring the cytokine profiles in the injured lung and the associated mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  The development of lung injury and mortality was compared in mice pretreated with either ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin or saline (control group) after the intratracheal administration of LPS. BALF and serum were collected at 1, 3 and 6 h to measure the concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) using enzyme-linked immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and MIP-2 in the BAL of the ciprofloxacin group were significantly lower compared with those of controls (all P < 0.0083) at 3 and 6 h after LPS challenge. There were no significant differences in the levels of these cytokines in the moxifloxacin and levofloxacin groups compared with controls. Overall, the 96-h survival for the mice pretreated with ciprofloxacin, but not for those pretreated with moxifloxacin or levofloxacin, was significantly greater than that of the control animals (P = 0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the setting of LPS-induced lung injuries, ciprofloxacin appears to provide better anti-inflammatory properties and survival benefits than the other fluoroquinolones tested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Liou-Ying Campus, Chi-Mei Medical Center, 901 Chung Hwa Road, 710 Yungkang City, Tainan County, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Heng-Ching
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chi-Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Shieh
authors.forename: Wen-Liang
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Kuo-Chen
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Chi-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Sheng-Tsung
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yin-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chuang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D064704:Levofloxacin; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011804:Quinolines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D016207:Cytokines; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011804:Quinolines; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D064704:Levofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin; D000077266:Moxifloxacin