title: A concept for trial institutions focussing on randomised controlled trials in surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although considered the reference standard for generating valid scientific evidence of a treatment's benefits and harms, the number of Randomised Controlled Trials (RCT) comparing surgical techniques remains low. Much effort has been made in order to overcome methodological issues and improve quality of RCTs in surgery. To the present there has been, however, only little emphasis on development and maintenance of institutions for implementation of adequately designed and conducted surgical RCTs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Description of the developments in surgical RCT infrastructure in Germany between 2001 and 2006. Cross sectional evaluation of completed and ongoing surgical RCTs within the German Surgical Society and the Clinical Study Centre, Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Foundation of a national Clinical Trial Centre (CTC) for the organisation of multi-centre RCTs in the surgical setting (Study Center of the German Surgical Society, SDGC). Establishment of a network of CTCs with affiliated Clinical Sites (CSs) to enhance patient recruitment and shorten the duration of RCTs. Since its foundation four surgical RCTs with a total sample size of 1650 patients (1006 of these randomised) have been supervised by the SDGC with 35 CSs involved in patient recruitment. Five further CTCs were set up in 2006. Together with their affiliated CSs a network has been organised providing improved conditions for the conduction of surgical RCTs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvement of infrastructure substantially facilitates integration of RCTs into routine surgical practice. A network of collaborating CTCs and CSs can provide an adequate infrastructure for the conduction of multi-centre RCTs.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Trauma Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. christoph.seiler@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Nuh N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Rahbari
authors.forename: Markus K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Diener
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Moritz N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Wente
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kienle
authors.forename: Markus W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Büchler
authors.forename: Christoph M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Seiler