title: Examination of long-lasting parental concern after false-positive results of neonatal hearing screening.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether false-positive outcomes on neonatal hearing screening cause long-lasting parental concerns.
  
  
  METHODS
  A general population of parents whose children had participated in the universal neonatal hearing screening (UNHS) programme were examined. Parents filled out a questionnaire 6 months after UNHS. Outcomes were compared for all parents whose child tested positive or inconclusive in at least one of three tests but afterwards proved not to have hearing impairment (cases, n = 154) and a random sample of parents whose child passed the first test (controls, n = 288). Parental anxiety as measured with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), attitude towards the child (child health rating and experienced problems) and sensitivity to hearing problems were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median STAI score was equal for cases and controls. Parental attitudes toward the child also did not differ. The difference in the proportion of parents who worried about their child's hearing was statistically significant between cases and controls (p = 0.001) and varied with the number of screens; 4% of controls were worried about the child's hearing, as compared to 10% of cases whose children were tested twice, and 15% of cases whose children were tested three times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  False-positive UNHS test results do not cause long-term general parental anxiety. However, 6 months after screening, a considerable proportion of parents continued to experience hearing-specific worries regarding their child.
authors.affiliation: TNO Quality of Life, PO Box 2215, 2301 CE Leiden, The Netherlands. Kitty.vanderPloeg@tno.nl
authors.forename: C P B
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: van der Ploeg
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Lanting
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kauffman-de Boer
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Uilenburg
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: de Ridder-Sluiter
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Verkerk
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D006320:Hearing Tests / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires