title: Secondary metabolites from three Florida sponges with antidepressant activity.
abstract: Brominated indole alkaloids are a common class of metabolites reported from sponges of the order Verongida. Herein we report the isolation, structure determination, and activity of metabolites from three Florida sponges, namely, Verongula rigida (order Verongida, family Aplysinidae), Smenospongia aurea, and S. cerebriformis (order Dictyoceratida, family Thorectidae). All three species were investigated chemically, revealing similarities in secondary metabolites. Brominated compounds, as well as sesquiterpene quinones and hydroquinones, were identified from both V. rigida and S. aurea despite their apparent taxonomic differences at the ordinal level. Similar metabolites found in these distinct sponge species of two different genera provide evidence for a microbial origin of the metabolites. Isolated compounds were evaluated in the Porsolt forced swim test (FST) and the chick anxiety-depression continuum model. Among the isolated compounds, 5,6-dibromo- N,N-dimethyltryptamine ( 1) exhibited significant antidepressant-like action in the rodent FST model, while 5-bromo- N,N-dimethyltryptamine ( 2) caused significant reduction of locomotor activity indicative of a potential sedative action. The current study provides ample evidence that marine natural products with the diversity of brominated marine alkaloids will provide potential leads for antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Anna J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kochanowska
authors.forename: Karumanchi V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Childress
authors.forename: Abir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Alfy
authors.forename: Rae R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Gina S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Sufka
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hamann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002645:Chickens; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005431:Florida; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D026121:Indole Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008386:Marine Biology; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D004130:N,N-Dimethyltryptamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011161:Porifera / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; C528155:5-bromo-N,N-dimethyltryptamine; C528154:5,6-dibromo-N,N-dimethyltryptamine; D004130:N,N-Dimethyltryptamine