The evolution of pharmacological treatment for Parkinson's disease.
Since the introduction of levodopa therapy in the 60's, there has yet to be a more efficacious drug identified for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Perhaps more importantly, there has been little to no success finding agents that have proven effective in protecting against neurodegeneration. In fact, recent development efforts have been primarily directed at stabilizing the side effects (wearing off, drug-induced dyskinesias, motor fluctuations) that accompany prolonged levodopa therapy, such as catechol O-methyltransferase inhibiton to combat the side effects of levodopa therapy. This review also examines alternative strategies to levodopa therapy, including potential adjuncts therapies, recent patents and future directions to be evaluated for neuroprotection. While dopamine agonists are inferior to levodopa in controlling motor symptoms, potential benefits and drawbacks with this class of drugs are presented. Potential neuroprotective agents such as monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors are also examined for their therapeutic benefit as well as their potential to slow disease progression. Neuroprotection will continue to be an important area of research in CNS drug development.
Almeida
Quincy J
QJ
Movement Disorders Research & Rehabilitation Centre, Faculty of Science, BA-515, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave. W. Waterloo ON N2L 3C5, Canada. qalmeida@wlu.ca
Hyson
H Christopher
HC
D000818:Animals; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*
D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D007980:Levodopa