Comprehensive gene expression analysis in human periodontal ligaments of the mandibular third molars performing vertical movement and the maxillary second premolars with occlusal contact.
OBJECTIVE
The periodontal ligament (PDL) is thought to be an important tissue in vertical movement during tooth eruption, but the precise molecular mechanism is not known. Thereto, comprehensive gene expression was analyzed in human PDL of mandibular third molars performing vertical movement and maxillary second premolars with occlusal contact.


METHODS
The expression profile of 9,243 genes in the PDL of one subject was compared between vertically moving third molars and second premolars with occlusal contact by DNA microarray.


RESULTS
The expression of 27 genes showed more than a 10-fold difference between third molars and second premolars. The expression of CALB1 (encoding calbindin 1), CYP26A1 (encoding cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily A, polypeptide 1), SPOCK3 (encoding testican-3), CCK (encoding cholecystokinin) and SCRG1 (encoding scrapie responsive protein 1) was more than 30-fold higher in PDLs of the third molars than the second premolars. CALB1 is reported to increase at the pressure side of PDL during experimental orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Interestingly, in this study, CALB1 expression showed the largest difference. In contrast, CRCT1 (encoding cysteine-rich C-terminal 1), SPRP3 (encoding small proline-rich protein 3), IL8 (encoding interleukin 8) and MMP12 (encoding matrix metalloproteinase 12) showed more than 100-fold higher expression in PDLs of the second premolars than the third molars.


CONCLUSIONS
The present comprehensive gene expression in PDLs provides new insights into the molecular mechanism during the vertical tooth movement.
Suda
N
N
Department of Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Function, Division of Maxillofacial/Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. n-suda.mort@tmd.ac.jp
D000328:Adult; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D064092:Calbindin 1; D064026:Calbindins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12 / Q000032:analysis; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D010513:Periodontal Ligament; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D018075:RNA, Complementary / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D011859:Radiography; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; D014078:Tooth Eruption / Q000235:genetics*
C576498:CALB1 protein, human; C428808:CRCT1 protein, human; C576500:Calb1 protein, rat; D064092:Calbindin 1; D064026:Calbindins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D018075:RNA, Complementary; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12