title: Baicalin inhibits macrophage activation by lipopolysaccharide and protects mice from endotoxin shock.
abstract: Baicalin (BA) exhibits anti-inflammatory effect in vivo and in vitro and is used to treat inflammatory diseases. Here, we report that BA inhibits the activation of macrophage and protects mice from macrophage-mediated endotoxin shock. The experiments in vitro showed BA suppressed the increased generation of nitric oxide (NO) and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced by LPS or Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) without directly affecting iNOS activity in RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. Similarly, BA inhibited the production of reactive oxidative species (ROS), whereas augmented the level of intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD). Moreover, BA inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, endothelin (ET)-1 and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 cells. In animal model, BA protected mice from endotoxin shock induced by d-galactosamine (D-GalN)/LPS possibly through inhibiting the production of cytokine and NO. Collectively, BA inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators by macrophage and may be a potential target for treatment of macrophage-mediated diseases.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Lin-lin
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Li-kun
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Xiong-fei
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yun-hai
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Xin-ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002460:Cell Line; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005419:Flavonoids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C038044:baicalin