title: Nanoscale amphiphilic macromolecules as lipoprotein inhibitors: the role of charge and architecture.
abstract: A series of novel amphiphilic macromolecules composed of alkyl chains as the hydrophobic block and poly(ethylene glycol) as the hydrophilic block were designed to inhibit highly oxidized low density lipoprotein (hoxLDL) uptake by synthesizing macromolecules with negatively charged moieties (ie, carboxylic acids) located in the two different blocks. The macromolecules have molecular weights around 5,500 g/mol, form micelles in aqueous solution with an average size of 20-35 nm, and display critical micelle concentration values as low as 10(-7) M. Their charge densities and hydrodynamic size in physiological buffer solutions correlated with the hydrophobic/ hydrophilic block location and quantity of the carboxylate groups. Generally, carboxylate groups located in the hydrophobic block destabilize micelle formation more than carboxylate groups in the hydrophilic block. Although all amphiphilic macromolecules inhibited unregulated uptake of hoxLDL by macrophages, inhibition efficiency was influenced by the quantity and location of the negatively charged-carboxylate on the macromolecules. Notably, negative charge is not the sole factor in reducing hoxLDL uptake. The combination of smaller size, micellar stability and charge density is critical for inhibiting hoxLDL uptake by macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
authors.forename: Jinzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Plourde
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iverson
authors.forename: Prabhas V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Moghe
authors.forename: Kathryn E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Uhrich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055672:Static Electricity
chemical_list: D008074:Lipoproteins; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols