title: Headspace solid-phase microextraction for the gas chromatographic analysis of organophosphorus insecticides in vegetables.
abstract: Residues of organophosphorus insecticides (diazinon, methyl parathion, fenitrothion, malathion, and parathion) were determined in 13 different vegetable matrixes by headspace solid-phase microextraction performed with a polydimethyl-siloxane fiber (100 microm). Determination was carried out by gas chromatography with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. Limits of detection and quantification were < 0.005 and 0.017 mg/kg, respectively; thus, the limits of maximum residue levels (MRLs) required by European regulations can be verified without difficulty. Pesticide residues were found in 38% of the 125 fresh commercial samples (imported and domestic) that were analyzed. Residues of methyl parathion and parathion, which were withdrawn in Greece in 2003, were detected in 36.8 and 4% of all samples, respectively. The MRLs were exceeded overall by 1%.
authors.affiliation: University of Thessaloniki, Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Chemistry Department, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece. fyti@chem.auth.gr
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fytianos
authors.forename: Garyfallia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Drimaropoulou
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raikos
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Theodoridis
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsoukali
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006115:Greece; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D012015:Reference Standards; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007306:Insecticides; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds