title: Time to discontinuation and self-discontinuation of olanzapine and risperidone in patients with schizophrenia in a naturalistic outpatient setting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although efficacy of antipsychotic medications is well documented, their effectiveness in real-world practice is less robust. We examined the effectiveness of olanzapine and risperidone in schizophrenia in a naturalistic setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used an electronic medical records database at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center to conduct a retrospective study of all new outpatient medication trials of olanzapine (n = 221) and risperidone (n = 274) over a 2-year period beginning January 1999 in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. We defined medication discontinuation as a switch between the 2 agents (most switches) or self-discontinuation when a patient is without medication supply for longer than 1 month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sample mean age (+/-SD) was 48.4 (+/-11.6) years; 91% were men. Discontinuation rates were high (73%), trending lower in olanzapine (70%) than risperidone (76%) (P = 0.12). Median time to discontinuation was 120 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 105-135), longer for olanzapine (150 days; 95% CI, 120-180) than risperidone (90 days; 95% CI, 71-109) (P = 0.04). Self-discontinuation was high (48%), with no significant difference between olanzapine (50%) and risperidone (46%). Switching rate was 25% and more likely to occur in risperidone (30%) than olanzapine (20%) (odds ratio, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.13-2.61).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Effectiveness of antipsychotic medications in schizophrenia may be hampered by high rates of medication self-discontinuation in outpatient practice settings. Time to discontinuation suggests that olanzapine may be more effective than risperidone. Strategies to address causes of poor adherence should be incorporated in medication algorithms to optimize their effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Integrated Service Network 20, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, American Lake Division, Mental Health Service, Tacoma, WA 98493, USA. nael.kilzieh@va.gov
authors.forename: Nael
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kilzieh
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Todd-Stenberg
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Amanda E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Andre M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tapp
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010045:Outpatients; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018967:Risperidone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D018967:Risperidone; D000077152:Olanzapine