title: Cigarette smoking in opioid-using patients presenting for hospital-based medical services.
abstract: Little is known about cigarette smoking among opioid users who are not in substance abuse treatment. The study examined cigarette smoking in out-of-treatment opioid users presenting at a hospital who participated in drug abuse research. Participants exhibited a high rate of smoking (92%) at baseline that remained unchanged at one year and were moderately nicotine-dependent. Nineteen percent preferred unfiltered cigarettes. Women were more likely to smoke menthol cigarettes; men were more likely to smoke unfiltered cigarettes. Caucasians tended to smoke more than other ethnicities and exhibited greater dependence. Out-of-treatment drug users continue to be at high risk for continued smoking.
authors.affiliation: San Francisco Treatment Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Amie L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sorensen
authors.forename: Sharon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Delucchi
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sporer
authors.forename: TeChieh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008610:Menthol; D009538:Nicotine; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D008610:Menthol; D009538:Nicotine