title: Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy: insight into stress-induced endocrine events.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) is used for the assessment of non-palpable mammographic lesions. This study aims to evaluate stress- and anxiety-related endocrine responses during VABB.
  
  
  METHODS
  VABB (11 G, Fischer's table) was performed on 22 women. Serum adrenaline, noradrenaline, prolactin, cortisol, growth hormone, glucose and insulin were measured prior to, during (at 10 and 30 minutes), at the end of and one hour after VABB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline serum adrenaline and noradrenaline were above the normal range in 14/22 and 13/22 patients, respectively. Baseline serum growth hormone, insulin, prolactin, cortisol were above the normal range in <10% of patients. At all time points, serum prolactin and cortisol exhibited a significant increase from baseline values. Serum noradrenaline and growth hormone were found elevated at the end of and one hour after VABB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immediately before VABB, women are frequently stressed expecting the forthcoming biopsy. The further hormone increase which follows VABB may be attributed to surgical trauma.
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Hellenic Anticancer Institute, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gounaris
authors.forename: Flora
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zagouri
authors.forename: Theodoros N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Sergentanis
authors.forename: Xeni
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Provatopoulou
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalogera
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sagkriotis
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bramis
authors.forename: George C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Zografos
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000097:blood*; D014618:Vacuum
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D011388:Prolactin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine