title: Oseltamivir and influenza-related complications, hospitalization and healthcare expenditure in healthy adults and children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess influenza-related secondary complications and healthcare use and costs in patients prescribed oseltamivir for influenza.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study examined health insurance claims data for patients diagnosed with influenza during five influenza seasons. Patients prescribed oseltamivir were propensity matched with patients not prescribed antiviral therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical outcomes were diagnosis with pneumonia, otitis media and hospitalizations, along with in-patient, out-patient and pharmacy use and costs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each group included 45,751 patients. Patients prescribed oseltamivir had significant reductions in the risks of pneumonia (odds ratio [OR]: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.80, 1.00), otitis media (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.91) and hospitalization (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.83). The risks of pneumonia and otitis media were also lower in children and adolescents (< or = 17 years) prescribed oseltamivir (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.91 and OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.85, respectively). Total healthcare costs were lower for patients prescribed oseltamivir versus no antiviral therapy (mean US$500 versus 510; p < 0.0001). Patients prescribed oseltamivir had fewer claims per patient for antibiotics (0.37 versus 0.45; p < 0.0001), fewer physician visits (1.72 versus 1.78; p < 0.0001), emergency room visits (0.11 versus 0.12; p < 0.0001), and spent fewer days in hospital (0.04 versus 0.05; p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risks of influenza-related complications and hospitalization, as well as healthcare use and costs, were lower for patients prescribed oseltamivir than for those with no antiviral prescription.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32601, USA. jgums@ufl.edu
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gums
authors.forename: Elise M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Pelletier
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Blumentals
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053139:Oseltamivir / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D053139:Oseltamivir