title: Lower extremity peripheral arterial disease in individuals with coronary artery disease: prognostic importance, care gaps, and impact of therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our objective was to examine the effect of concomitant lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) on long-term prognosis and pharmacotherapy in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study enrolling all patients with angiographically proven CAD between April 1, 2000, and December 31, 2004, in Alberta, Canada.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 28,649 patients (mean age 64 years) with CAD, 2509 (9%) had a physician-assigned diagnosis of lower extremity PAD. Mortality was higher in the patients with CAD and PAD over a mean follow-up of 3.1 years, even after adjusting for the fact that patients with PAD had more severe CAD and more comorbidities (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.41, 95% CI 1.28-1.55). Fewer patients with CAD and PAD received antiplatelet agents (83% vs 86%, odds ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.77-0.97) or beta-blockers (63% vs 67%, odds ratio 0.89, 95% CI 0.82-0.98), but users of these agents exhibited lower mortality (adjusted HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.60-0.77, for antiplatelet agents and adjusted HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.64-0.80, for beta-blockers). Approximately half of these patients were prescribed statins or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and 27% were using all 3 evidence-based anti-atherosclerotic therapies (antiplatelets, statin, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with CAD, lower extremity PAD is independently associated with poorer outcomes. Although all evidence-based therapies are underused in patients with CAD, patients with concomitant PAD are less likely to be prescribed antiplatelet agents or beta-blockers--both agents are associated with improved survival in patients with CAD and PAD.
authors.affiliation: EPICORE Centre/COMPRIS, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Makowsky
authors.forename: Finlay A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: McAlister
authors.forename: P Diane
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Galbraith
authors.forename: Danielle A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Southern
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Ghali
authors.forename: Merril L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Knudtson
authors.forename: Ross T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Tsuyuki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents