title: Paradigm-shifters: phosphorylated prolactin and short prolactin receptors.
abstract: Since the discovery of physiologically-regulated prolactin (PRL) phosphorylation, one focus of the laboratory has been an examination of the different functions of the unmodified and phosphorylated hormone. In the mammary gland, unmodified PRL promotes growth activities, whereas phosphorylated or pseudophosphorylated PRL antagonizes this while also being a superior agonist for changes that favor differentiation. Phosphorylated PRL also increases expression of the short forms of the PRL receptor. These short forms of the receptor have functions beyond the accepted dominant negative and in mammary epithelial cells are capable of generating an intracellular signal leading to increased tight junction formation and beta-casein expression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors.forename: KuangTzu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: YenHao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ameae M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D011388:Prolactin / Q000378:metabolism*; D011981:Receptors, Prolactin / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D011981:Receptors, Prolactin; D011388:Prolactin