title: Current and future uses of neuroimaging for cognitively impaired patients.
abstract: Technological advances have led to greater use of both structural and functional brain imaging to assist with the diagnosis of dementia for the increasing numbers of people with cognitive decline as they age. In current clinical practice, structural imaging (CT or MRI) is used to identify space-occupying lesions and stroke. Functional methods, such as PET scanning of glucose metabolism, could be used to differentiate Alzheimer's disease from frontotemporal dementia, which helps to guide clinicians in symptomatic treatment strategies. New neuroimaging methods that are currently being developed can measure specific neurotransmitter systems, amyloid plaque and tau tangle concentrations, and neuronal integrity and connectivity. Successful co-development of neuroimaging surrogate markers and preventive treatments might eventually lead to so-called brain-check scans for determining risk of cognitive decline, so that physicians can administer disease-modifying medications, vaccines, or other interventions to avoid future cognitive losses and to delay onset of disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA. gsmall@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Gary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: Susan Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Bookheimer
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Greg M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: S-C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kepe
authors.forename: Jorge R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Barrio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D015415:Biomarkers; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003704:Dementia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers