title: Three-dimensional modeling of nasal septal deviation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some deviated nasal septa can never be straightened completely due to their 3-dimensional (3-D) nature. Based on a study of models and clinical cases, a basic classification and treatment strategy was proposed for 3-D septal deviations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Basic types of 3-D septal L struts were crafted from pieces of thick plastic sheeting. By a carefully placed through-and-through incision in the angle area and overlapping the resultant segments, the models became 2 dimensional (2-D). We used this technique intraoperatively, in some cases resecting the overlapping area of septal tissue, along with a septal extension graft, in 11 patients who were followed up for more than 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  External nasal deviation due to a deviated septum was obvious in 5 cases, and all were relieved postoperatively. Preoperative breathing difficulties were improved in 7 of 8 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Correction of 3-D septal L deformity can be successfully performed by constructing 2-D L struts by making a full-thickness incision of the angle area and then overlapping the segments. This approach is especially beneficial in those having a septal extension graft that need a perfectly straight caudal septum upon which to fix the extension graft.
authors.affiliation: Celal Bayar University, Medical Faculty, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Manisa, Turkey. ahmetseyhan@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seyhan
authors.forename: Ummahan
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ozaslan
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sir
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*