title: Antithrombin prevents reperfusion-induced hepatic apoptosis by enhancing insulin-like growth factor-I production in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antithrombin (AT) reduces ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury by increasing release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from sensory neurons. Because CGRP increases the production of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), an antiapoptotic factor, it is possible that AT prevents apoptosis by increasing IGF-I production. We examined this possibility in the present study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male C57BL/6 wild-type mice and alphaCGRP-deficient mice weighing 16-23 g.
  
  
  METHODS
  AT (250 units/kg) was intravenously administered to mice subjected to hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. Liver injury was evaluated by determining changes in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase after ischemia/reperfusion. Hepatic apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AT reduced ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury and enhanced increases in hepatic tissue levels of IGF-I in wild-type mice, although it did not reduce liver injury or enhance increases in hepatic tissue levels of IGF-I in alphaCGRP-deficient mice. Reperfusion-induced hepatic apoptosis was markedly suppressed by AT in wild-type mice, but not in alphaCGRP-deficient mice. Pretreatment with anti-IGF-I antibody completely reversed therapeutic effects of AT in wild-type mice. Both CGRP and IGF-I showed therapeutic effects similar to those of AT in wild-type and alphaCGRP-deficient mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : These observations suggested that AT may prevent reperfusion-induced hepatic apoptosis by enhancing IGF-I production through promotion of sensory neuron activation, thereby reducing ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medical Science Research, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okajima
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakagata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000991:Antithrombins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I